动词不定式（1）作定语和状语学案（必修三U4 Space exploration)含答案
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| 名称 | 动词不定式（1）作定语和状语学案（必修三U4 Space exploration)含答案 |
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| 格式 | doc | ||
| 文件大小 | 354.0KB | ||
| 资源类型 | 试卷 | ||
| 版本资源 | 人教版（2019） | ||
| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2026-03-16 00:00:00 | ||
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/ 让教学更有效 高效备考 | 英语学科
动词不定式（1）作定语和状语学案
（必修三U4 Space exploration）
教学重点 · 作定语：接抽象名词 / 被最高级 / 序数词修饰的名词；不及物动词加介词；主动可表被动。· 作状语：adj.+to do 表原因，too...to/only to do 表结果；to do/in order to 表目的，so as to 不用于句首，逻辑主语需与句子主语一致。· 形式区分：to do（将来 / 目的）、doing（主动 / 进行）、done（被动 / 完成）。
教学难点 · 精准判断 to 的省略场景；· 语境中区分 to do 与 V-ing 作表语；· 灵活运用 to do 的被动式；· 系动词后 to do 与分词的综合辨析。
一、核心概念
1. 动词不定式作定语
含义：放在名词/代词后，修饰该名词/代词，表将来、目的、用途、被动等含义，翻译成“……的”。
结构：n./pron. + to do
2. 动词不定式作状语
含义：修饰动词、形容词、整个句子，表目的、结果、原因、条件等。
结构：To do…, 主语+谓语… / 主语+谓语…+to do…
二、用法精讲
（一）不定式作定语
1. 被修饰词为抽象名词
ability, chance, desire, decision, effort, intention, need, opportunity, plan, promise, right, time, way等常接 to do
例：the way to solve the problem 解决问题的方法
2. 被修饰词被最高级、序数词、the only/the last 修饰
例：He is the first to arrive. 他是第一个到的人。
3. 不定式与名词构成动宾关系，不及物动词需加介词
例：a room to live in 一间居住的房间
（二）不定式作状语
1. “主语 + be + adj. + to do sth.”结构中，不定式常作原因状语。
此类形容词有happy, sorry, excited, disappointed, shocked, satisfied等。
They were glad to see their son taken good care of in the kindergarten.
We were surprised to find that he had left.
2. 不定式在too ... to结构、enough及only等后面作结果状语。
You must be intelligent enough to get a related college degree.
The box is too small to hold all these things．
I walked all the way from home to the library, only to find it closed.
3. 不定式作目的状语既可放在句首也可放在句尾。
不定式前可加in order或so as, 注意so as to do 不放句首。
Scientists work hard to find answer.
To master English, you must spend much effort on it.
三、重要注意事项
1. 不定式作定语主动表被动：主语是不定式动作的执行者时，用 to do 不用 to be done
例：I have a lot of work to do.（不用 to be done）
The building to be built next month will be our new teaching building.
2. 不定式作状语逻辑主语必须与句子主语一致
3. 区分：
- to do：将来、目的、未做
- doing：主动、进行
- done：被动、完成
一、基础填空题
用所给词的适当形式填空 （穿插分词）
1. I have a lot of homework ________ (do).
2. The man ________ (stand) there is my teacher.
3. He went to the shop ________ (buy) some milk.
4. This is a book ________ (write) by Mo Yan.
5. She is the first one ________ (get) to school.
6. They are busy ________ (prepare) for the exam.
7. I’m sorry ________ (trouble) you.
8. The bridge ________ (build) last year is strong.
9. He opened the door ________ (let) the dog in.
10. I need a pen ________ (write) with.
二、提升填空题
用所给词的适当形式填空 （穿插分词）
1. He is always the last ________ (leave) the classroom.
2. The problem ________ (discuss) tomorrow is very important.
3. ________ (see) from the top, the park looks beautiful.
4. Do you have anything __________ (say) about this issue
5. I have no chance ________ (go) abroad.
6. The book ________ (sell) well is written by him.
7. He ran fast ________ (catch) up with others.
8. We need some boxes __________ (pack) these books in.
9. She is easy ________ (get) along with.
10. The meeting ________ (hold) now is about safety.
三、翻译题
1. 我有一些重要的事情要告诉你。
____________________________________________________________________________________
他早早起床是为了赶上第一班车。
____________________________________________________________________________________
这是一座被建造了10年的桥。
____________________________________________________________________________________
他很兴奋能通过这次考试。
____________________________________________________________________________________
我需要一支笔来写字。
____________________________________________________________________________________
四、高考真题精选
1. (2025全国卷) The next thing he saw was smoke ________ (rise) from behind the house.
2. (2024全国卷) I’m calling ________ (ask) about the position you advertised.
3. (2023全国卷) She was the first woman ________ (win) the gold medal in the Olympics.
4. (2022全国卷) The hospital, ________ (found) last year, is very popular.
5. (2021全国卷) He hurried to the station only ________ (find) the train had left.
6. (2020全国卷) There are still many problems ________ (solve) before we are ready.
7. (2019全国卷) ________ (hear) the news, they jumped with joy.
8.(2018全国III卷) The airport __________ (complete) next year will help promote tourism in this area.
9. (2017全国卷) The room is comfortable ________ (live) in.
10. (2016全国卷) I have a lot of readings ________ (complete) before the end of this term.
参考答案
基础填空
1. to do 2. standing 3. to buy 4. written 5. to get
2. preparing 7. to trouble 8. built 9. to let 10. to write
提升填空
1. to leave 2. to be discussed 3. Seen 4. to say 5. to go
2. selling 7. to catch 8. to pack 9. to get 10. being held
翻译题
1. I have something important to tell you.
2. He got up early to catch the first bus.
3. This is a bridge built for ten years.
4. He is very excited to pass the exam.
5. I need a pen to write with.
高考真题
1. rising 2. to ask 3. to win 4. founded 5. to find
2. to be solved 7. Hearing 8. to be completed 9. to live 10. to complete
目标导航
知识精炼
基础过关
能力提升
21世纪教育网 www.21cnjy.com 精品试卷·第 2 页 （共 2 页）
动词不定式（1）作定语和状语学案
（必修三U4 Space exploration）
教学重点 · 作定语：接抽象名词 / 被最高级 / 序数词修饰的名词；不及物动词加介词；主动可表被动。· 作状语：adj.+to do 表原因，too...to/only to do 表结果；to do/in order to 表目的，so as to 不用于句首，逻辑主语需与句子主语一致。· 形式区分：to do（将来 / 目的）、doing（主动 / 进行）、done（被动 / 完成）。
教学难点 · 精准判断 to 的省略场景；· 语境中区分 to do 与 V-ing 作表语；· 灵活运用 to do 的被动式；· 系动词后 to do 与分词的综合辨析。
一、核心概念
1. 动词不定式作定语
含义：放在名词/代词后，修饰该名词/代词，表将来、目的、用途、被动等含义，翻译成“……的”。
结构：n./pron. + to do
2. 动词不定式作状语
含义：修饰动词、形容词、整个句子，表目的、结果、原因、条件等。
结构：To do…, 主语+谓语… / 主语+谓语…+to do…
二、用法精讲
（一）不定式作定语
1. 被修饰词为抽象名词
ability, chance, desire, decision, effort, intention, need, opportunity, plan, promise, right, time, way等常接 to do
例：the way to solve the problem 解决问题的方法
2. 被修饰词被最高级、序数词、the only/the last 修饰
例：He is the first to arrive. 他是第一个到的人。
3. 不定式与名词构成动宾关系，不及物动词需加介词
例：a room to live in 一间居住的房间
（二）不定式作状语
1. “主语 + be + adj. + to do sth.”结构中，不定式常作原因状语。
此类形容词有happy, sorry, excited, disappointed, shocked, satisfied等。
They were glad to see their son taken good care of in the kindergarten.
We were surprised to find that he had left.
2. 不定式在too ... to结构、enough及only等后面作结果状语。
You must be intelligent enough to get a related college degree.
The box is too small to hold all these things．
I walked all the way from home to the library, only to find it closed.
3. 不定式作目的状语既可放在句首也可放在句尾。
不定式前可加in order或so as, 注意so as to do 不放句首。
Scientists work hard to find answer.
To master English, you must spend much effort on it.
三、重要注意事项
1. 不定式作定语主动表被动：主语是不定式动作的执行者时，用 to do 不用 to be done
例：I have a lot of work to do.（不用 to be done）
The building to be built next month will be our new teaching building.
2. 不定式作状语逻辑主语必须与句子主语一致
3. 区分：
- to do：将来、目的、未做
- doing：主动、进行
- done：被动、完成
一、基础填空题
用所给词的适当形式填空 （穿插分词）
1. I have a lot of homework ________ (do).
2. The man ________ (stand) there is my teacher.
3. He went to the shop ________ (buy) some milk.
4. This is a book ________ (write) by Mo Yan.
5. She is the first one ________ (get) to school.
6. They are busy ________ (prepare) for the exam.
7. I’m sorry ________ (trouble) you.
8. The bridge ________ (build) last year is strong.
9. He opened the door ________ (let) the dog in.
10. I need a pen ________ (write) with.
二、提升填空题
用所给词的适当形式填空 （穿插分词）
1. He is always the last ________ (leave) the classroom.
2. The problem ________ (discuss) tomorrow is very important.
3. ________ (see) from the top, the park looks beautiful.
4. Do you have anything __________ (say) about this issue
5. I have no chance ________ (go) abroad.
6. The book ________ (sell) well is written by him.
7. He ran fast ________ (catch) up with others.
8. We need some boxes __________ (pack) these books in.
9. She is easy ________ (get) along with.
10. The meeting ________ (hold) now is about safety.
三、翻译题
1. 我有一些重要的事情要告诉你。
____________________________________________________________________________________
他早早起床是为了赶上第一班车。
____________________________________________________________________________________
这是一座被建造了10年的桥。
____________________________________________________________________________________
他很兴奋能通过这次考试。
____________________________________________________________________________________
我需要一支笔来写字。
____________________________________________________________________________________
四、高考真题精选
1. (2025全国卷) The next thing he saw was smoke ________ (rise) from behind the house.
2. (2024全国卷) I’m calling ________ (ask) about the position you advertised.
3. (2023全国卷) She was the first woman ________ (win) the gold medal in the Olympics.
4. (2022全国卷) The hospital, ________ (found) last year, is very popular.
5. (2021全国卷) He hurried to the station only ________ (find) the train had left.
6. (2020全国卷) There are still many problems ________ (solve) before we are ready.
7. (2019全国卷) ________ (hear) the news, they jumped with joy.
8.(2018全国III卷) The airport __________ (complete) next year will help promote tourism in this area.
9. (2017全国卷) The room is comfortable ________ (live) in.
10. (2016全国卷) I have a lot of readings ________ (complete) before the end of this term.
参考答案
基础填空
1. to do 2. standing 3. to buy 4. written 5. to get
2. preparing 7. to trouble 8. built 9. to let 10. to write
提升填空
1. to leave 2. to be discussed 3. Seen 4. to say 5. to go
2. selling 7. to catch 8. to pack 9. to get 10. being held
翻译题
1. I have something important to tell you.
2. He got up early to catch the first bus.
3. This is a bridge built for ten years.
4. He is very excited to pass the exam.
5. I need a pen to write with.
高考真题
1. rising 2. to ask 3. to win 4. founded 5. to find
2. to be solved 7. Hearing 8. to be completed 9. to live 10. to complete
目标导航
知识精炼
基础过关
能力提升
21世纪教育网 www.21cnjy.com 精品试卷·第 2 页 （共 2 页）