现在完成时被动语态学案（必修二U3The Internet含答案）

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现在完成时的被动语态学案
（必修二U3 The Internet）
教学重点 · 结构：肯定have/has been + 过去分词， 否定have/has not (haven’t/hasn’t) been + 过去分词，疑问Have/Has + 主语 + been + 过去分词。· 用法：表过去动作对现在有影响 / 持续到现在，主语为动作承受者，常配 so far、in the past few years 等状语。· 特殊结构：短语动词被动不可拆；双宾语可换主语；复合宾语被动还原省略的 to。
教学难点 · 与一般过去时被动区分，前者强调对现在的影响，后者仅表过去动作。· 不可遗漏 been，注意不规则过去分词、主谓一致。· 瞬间动词被动不可直接接 for/since，需转换为延续性短语。
一、核心语法梳理
(一) 基本结构
- 肯定式：主语 + have/has been + 过去分词（P.P.）
- 否定式：主语 + have/has not (haven’t/hasn’t) been + 过去分词
- 疑问式：Have/Has + 主语 + been + 过去分词？
（注：主语为第三人称单数时用has，其余用have）
（二）核心用法
表示动作发生在过去，持续到现在或对现在造成影响，且主语是动作的承受者。常见时间状语有：in the last/past few years, so far, up to now, since, already, yet, recently, twice等。
特殊结构的被动语态
1. 短语动词的被动语态：短语动词作谓语时，需将其视为一个整体，不可拆分，直接在短语动词后加被动结构。
例：The problem has been dealt with properly.（deal with 视为整体）
2. 带双宾语的被动语态：可将间接宾语作主语，直接宾语保留；或用“介词 + 直接宾语”作状语，间接宾语作主语。
例：She has been sent a bunch of flowers.（间接宾语作主语）
A bunch of flowers has been sent to her.（直接宾语作主语）
3. 带复合宾语的被动语态：宾语补足语变为主语补足语，若补足语为省略to的不定式，被动语态中需还原to。
例：The workers have been made to work overtime.（make sb. do 被动还原to）
（四）易错点总结
1. 混淆“现在完成时被动”与“一般过去时被动”：前者强调“过去动作对现在的影响/持续到现在”，后者仅描述“过去发生的动作”。
- 错误：The bridge was built for 5 years.（仅表过去，无持续影响）
- 正确：The bridge has been built for 5 years.（强调桥至今已建成5年）
2. 遗漏“been”：现在完成时被动必须包含“have/has + been + 过去分词”，不可省略been。
- 错误：The letter has sent.
- 正确：The letter has been sent.
3. 不规则动词过去分词记忆错误：如break→broken（非breaked）、write→written（非writed）。
4. 主谓一致错误：第三人称单数主语需搭配has，而非have。
- 错误：He have been invited to the party.
- 正确：He has been invited to the party.
5. 与“for/since”连用的误区：瞬间动词（如buy、die、marry）的被动形式不可直接与for/since引导的时间段连用，需转换为延续性动词短语。
- 错误：The book has been bought for 2 months.
- 正确：The book has been kept for 2 months.
基础填空题
用括号内动词的适当形式填空（需判断时态和语态，重点考查现在完成时被动，穿插主动/其他时态）：
1. Many new houses ____________ (build) in our town since last year.
2. He ____________ (finish) his homework already, so he can watch TV now.
3. The old bridge ____________ (not repair) yet, so we have to take another route.
4. These books ____________ (send) to the children in poor areas by the charity every year.
5. ____________ the letter ____________ (post) by your brother I need it urgently.
6. My mobile phone ____________ (steal) when I was shopping yesterday.
7. The rules of the game ____________ (explain) to us three times, so we all understand now.
8. They ____________ (visit) the Great Wall twice, and they plan to go again next month.
9. The dirty clothes ____________ (wash) by my mother already; you can take them.
10. A lot of progress ____________ (make) in the field of AI in the past decade.
二、提升练习题
用括号内动词的适当形式填空（需综合判断时态和语态）：
1. The difficult math problem ____________ (work out) by the top student after three hours of hard work.
2. Our team ____________ (win) the championship three times, and we are confident to win again this year.
3. The patient ____________ (take care of) by the nurses carefully since he was admitted to the hospital.
4. A new library ____________ (set up) in our school, and it will open to students next week.
5. The boss ____________ (not reply to) my email yet; I wonder if he has received it.
6. These ancient relics ____________ (protect) well for hundreds of years, thanks to the efforts of historians.
7. She ____________ (tell) the good news just now, and she is very excited.
8. The project ____________ (put off) because of the bad weather, but we will start it as soon as possible.
9. The children ____________ (teach) to respect the elderly since they were very young.
10. We ____________ (prepare) for the exam for a month, and we are ready now.
三、翻译题
1.这座桥已经被使用了20年。
______________________________________________________________________________
2.这些问题还没有被解决。
______________________________________________________________________________
3.你们班的所有作业都已经被老师批改完了吗？
______________________________________________________________________________
4.这些旧教学楼究竟被改造成(transform)什么了？
______________________________________________________________________________
5.为什么这位作家的作品还没有被引入我 们的教材（textbook）？
______________________________________________________________________________
四、高考真题改编
用括号内动词的适当形式填空：
1. The letters_______________(send) for months, but I haven’t received a single reply. (2024·全国卷Ⅰ改编，)
2. Since the new rules _______________ (carry out), the number of accidents has dropped greatly. (2023·浙江卷改编)
3. —When will the project be finished
—It_______________(finish) already. We just need to check the details. (2022·全国卷Ⅱ改编)
Despite the previous rounds of talks, no agreement _______________ (reach) so far by the two sides.(2015天津卷)
5. The virus_______________ (spread) quickly across the country, so strict measures _______________ (take) to stop its spread up to now. (2020·江苏卷改编)
6. This online course ____________(update), but you can still access and use the original version. (2024天津卷)
7. —Has the meeting been cancelled
—No. It ______________ (cancel) because of the bad weather, but now it’s back on schedule. (2018·浙江卷改编)
8. Every year, millions of plastic bottles _____________ (throw) away, which causes great pollution. But recently, a new type of bottle _____________ (develop) that can be easily recycled. (2017·全国卷Ⅰ改编)
9. It is the first time that the Nobel Prize for Chemistry ______________(award) to a women-only team.
10. —Did you enjoy the party
—Yes. We ____________ (treat) well by our hosts. (2015·新课标卷Ⅱ改编)
练习答案详解
基础练习题
1. have been built（现在完成时被动，since引导时间状语）
2. has finished（现在完成时主动，already提示）
3. hasn't been repaired（现在完成时被动否定，yet提示）
4. are sent（一般现在时被动，every year提示）
5. Has; been posted（现在完成时被动一般疑问）
6. was stolen（一般过去时被动，yesterday提示）
7. have been explained（现在完成时被动，three times提示）
8. have visited（现在完成时主动，twice提示）
9. have been washed（现在完成时被动，already提示）
10. has been made（现在完成时被动，in the past decade提示）
提高练习题
1. has been worked out（短语动词work out的现在完成时被动）
2. has won（现在完成时主动，three times提示）
3. has been taken care of（短语动词take care of的现在完成时被动）
4. has been set up（短语动词set up的现在完成时被动）
5. hasn't replied to（现在完成时主动，yet提示）
6. have been protected（现在完成时被动，for hundreds of years提示）
7. was told（一般过去时被动，just now提示）
8. has been put off（短语动词put off的现在完成时被动）
9. have been taught（带复合宾语的现在完成时被动，teach sb. to do被动还原to）
10. have prepared（现在完成时主动，for a month提示）
高考真题改编
1. have been sent 2. have been carried out 3. has been finished 4.has been reached 5. has spread; have been taken 6. has been updated 7. was cancelled 8. are thrown; has been developed 9. has been awarded 10. were treated
翻译题
1. This bridge has been used for 20 years.
2. These problems haven’t been solved yet.
3. Have all the homework in your class been corrected by the teacher
4. What have these old teaching buildings been transformed into exactly
5. Why hasn't this writer's works been introduced into our textbooks
知识精炼
基础过关
能力提升
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