选择性必修三 Unit 2 Reading and thinking Language points语言知识点 课件

(共22张PPT)
选择性必修三
Unit 2 Healthy Lifestyle
Reading and Thinking
Language Points
As引导的状语从句类型
01
状语从句的省略+
if的固定省略结构
02
Leave+宾语+宾补
03
不定式作主语
04
单个过去分词作后置定语
05
rather than
06
Aside from除了…外
07
暗喻读续仿写
08
不定式作主语
04
单个过去分词作后置定语
05
As teenagers grow up, they become more independent and start making their own decisions. However, during this period, it can be easy for some of them to form bad habits. These bad habits, if left unchecked, could lead to more serious ones when they become adults. For example, some of them may become involved in tobacco or alcohol abuse, which can lead to physical and mental health problems. To prevent harmful habits like these from dominating a teenager's life is essential. They must learn to recognise bad habits early and make appropriate changes.
as 引导时间状语从句
成长，长大
V-ing作宾语
make a decision 做决定
it be + adj. + for sb. + to do sth.
养成坏习惯
条件状语从句的省略，if后面省略了they are
导致
adj.未受约束的；未经检查的
置之不理，不加遏制
when 引导时间状语从句
参与...
which引导定语从句，作主语，修饰前面主句
prevent... from...阻止
to do作主语
v. 统治，支配
adj. 至关重要的
做出恰当的改变
Para.1
as 意为"随着"，引导时间状语从句。
1.As teenagers grow up , they become more independent and start making their own decisions .
在成长过程中，青少年会变得越来越独立，并且开始自己做决定。
1.Everyone likes you as you are so kind.
2.When in Rome do as the Romans do.
3.As students grow up, they are likely to develope develop their good habits of learning.
4.Happy as they were, there was something missing.
5.The task is not as tough as I thought.
"as ...as...”或"not so/as... as...”
As引导的状语从句类型
照……方式，就像
方式状语从句
时间状语从句
让步状语从句
比较状语从句
当……时，随着
虽然，尽管(though)
像……一样
原因状语从句
因为，由于
此句为复合句。if left unchecked是条件状语从句的省略，if后面省略了they are
状语从句的省略
2.These bad habits, if left unchecked, could lead to more serious ones when they become adults.
这些坏习惯如果不加以控制，可能会导致他们长大后有更严重的坏习惯
1) 可以省略成分的状语从句：时间、条件、让步、方式。
2) 状语从句省略成分的条件：其主语与主句主语一致，或从句主语是it,且从句谓语为系动词be时，从句的主语和动词be可省略。这种“连词+形容词/分词”的结构，令表达更为简洁、紧凑
3) 常见的连词：when, while, once, before, whenever, if, unless, though, although, as, as if。
4) 状语从句省略成分后常见的类型：连词+doing/done/ prep短语/ adj短语。
If involved in the case, you will be punished.
Once (she was) properly dressed, she immediately regained her confidence.
When (he was) asked the same question again and again, he became increasingly impatient.
Unless (they were) given enough time, they are not able to complete such a demanding task.
While (she was) walking along the river, she suddenly saw a beautiful rainbow over the bridge.
Please keep silent until (you are) spoken to.
Though (she is) young, she has already become a leading neurosurgeon
一旦穿上合适的衣服， 她马上重获自信。
当再三被问及同一个问题时，他变得越来越不耐烦。
除非给足时间，否则他们无法完成如此高难度的工作。
沿河边散步的时候，她忽然看到桥上方有一道美丽的彩虹。
没人和你说话之前请保持沉默。
虽然年经，但她已经成 为一名顶尖的医生。
语句翻译
在if 引导的条件状语从句中，当状语从句的主语是 it，且谓语动词是be 时，it 和 be 可以省略。
If (it is) possible, you should try to visit Washington, D.C.
Would you drop in at my house this afternoon if (it is) convenient to you
if 省略结构的固定结构：
It sounds like something is wrong with the car’s engine. If so, we’d better take it to the garage immediately.
Please tell her your feelings about the things around if possible.
Please let me know how many are coming, if any.
The most severe punishments are seldom, if ever, applied.
I’d say he was more like his father, if anything.
If neccessay, you can choose me to make the presentation.
③④如果有的话
⑤如果有什么不同的话
语法填空
1.You can have a wonderful view of the city if ________(stand ) on the
top of the building.
2. (2021·天津阅读理解改编)When___________ (start ) college , most students enjoy a week’s stay on campus before classes actually begin.
3.Misunderstanding arising from lack of communication, unless ____________（handle） properly, may lead to serious problems .
4.If the steps you take are working, keep it up. ______ (不然), take another look at other methods you could try.
5.The medicine will work best if ______ (take) according to the instructions.
句式升级
When it is seen from a distance, to tell the truth, the scenery appears more beautiful
__________________, to tell the truth, the scenery appears more beautiful
standing
starting
handled
When seen from a distance
taken
If not
1. (2010浙江,8) The experiment shows that proper amount of exercise, if _______ regularly, can improve our health.
A. being carried out B. carrying out C. carried out D. to carry out
2. (2003上海春,37) Unless ________ to speak, you should remain silent at the conference.
A. invited B. inviting C. being invited D. having invited
4. (2003上海,39) Generally speaking, ________ according to the directions, the drug has no side effect.
A. When taking B. When taken C. When to take D. When to be taken
5. (2004湖北,28) _______ with the size of the whole earth, the biggest ocean does not seem big at all.
A. Compare B. When compared C. Comparing D. When comparing
6. (2006浙江,5) When _______ different cultures, we often pay attention to the differences without noticing the many similarities.
A. compared B. being compared C. comparing D. having compared
C
A
B
B
C
高考链接
3. leave +sb/sth +宾补（done / doing / adj. / adv. /prep / to do sth. ）使...保留、处于…状态/位置；造成、留下...后果
An explosion at a chemical plant has left one worker_____ (die) and four ________ (injure).
I’ll just leave the engine _________ (run) while I go in.
I wish you’d stop leaving the lights _____ （亮着）and the door ______（开着）.
dead
injured
running
on
open
4.To prevent harmful habits like these from dominating a teenager’s life is essential. They must learn to recognise bad habits early and make appropriate changes.
防止像这样的有害习惯支配青少年的生活是至关重要的，他们必须学会及早发现坏习惯，并做出恰当的改变。
① It is a great honor to be invited to Mary’s birthday party.
② It was impossible for lost time to be made up.
有时为了保持句子平衡，经常将不定式短语放到句子后面，尤其当不定式形式为被动结构时。
③ 眼见为实.
④ 他真傻，犯这样的错误.
To see is to believe.
It was foolish of him to make such a mistake.
To change bad habits is never easy, even with many attempts. There is a famous saying based on the philosophy of Aristotle: "We are what we repeatedly do." In many ways, our lifestyle is the sum of choices we have made. We make a choice to do something, and then we repeat it over and over again. Soon that choice becomes automatic and forms a habit that is much harder to change. The good news is that we can change, if we understand how habits work.
to do作主语
V-ed作后置定语
what引导表语从句，what在句中作宾语
...的总和
定语从句，省略that / which，修饰choices
to do 作后置定语
一再地，反复地
that引导定语从句，作主语，修饰a habit
that引导表语从句
if 引导条件状语从句
how引导宾语从句
adj. 自动的
Para.2
based on在句中是过去分词短语作___________，放在被修饰的名词后面，它的作用相当于一个_________。
后置定语
定语从句
有一条基于亚里士多德哲学思想的著名谚语说道：“重复的行为造就了我们。”
5. There is a famous saying based on the philosophy of Aristotle: “We are what we repeatedly do.” (Para. 2)
1. 他们中的一些人，在农村出生并长大，从没到过北京。
2. 正在召开的这个会议很重要。
Some of them, born and brought up in rural villages, had never been to Beijing.
The meeting (which is) being held now is very important.
According to modern psychology, we must first learn about the "habit cycle", which works like this:
Firstly, there is a "cue", an action, event, or situation that acts as a signal to do something.
Secondly, there is a "routine", the regular action you take in response to the cue.
Thirdly, there is the "reward", the good thing or feeling we get from the routine.
Para.3
现代心理学
习惯循环
which引导非限制性定语从句，作主语，修饰habit cycle
v. 运转，运行
同位语
担当，充当
to do 作后置定语
that引导定语从句，作主语
n. 常规，惯例
同位语
定语从句，省略that / which，修饰thing or feeling
回答；答复
同位语
定语从句，省略that / which，修饰action
Para.4
For example, when we feel unhappy (cue), we eat lots of unhealthy snacks (routine), which makes us feel happy (reward). The reward makes us much more likely to continue the cycle, and the bad habit of relying on unhealthy snacks is formed.
To facilitate a positive change in our bad habits, we must first examine our bad habit cycles and then try to adapt them. We can do this by combining the information from our habit cycles with our own positive ideas.
when 引导时间状语从句
n. 零食，点心，小吃
which引导非限制性定语从句，作主语，修饰主句
make + 宾语 + 宾补（adj.）
make + 宾语 + 宾补（do）
依赖；依靠
to do 作目的状语
v. 促进，推动
by + V-ing作方式状语
把...和...结合起来
Para.5
Para.5
For example, we could try to replace a negative routine with something more positive. So, when we feel unhappy again (cue), rather than eat snacks, we could listen to some of our favourite music instead (routine), which will make us feel relaxed (reward). Aside from changing bad habits, we can also use the habit cycle to create good habits. For example, when we come to an escalator (cue), our normal routine is to ride it, but we could change this routine into something more positive by taking the stairs instead.
adj. 作后置定语
adj. 负面的，消极的
replace...with... 用...代替...
when 引导时间状语从句
而不是
adv. 代替
which引导非限制性定语从句，作主语，修饰主句
make + 宾语 + 宾补（do）
除...以外
V-ing作宾语
to do 作目的状语
when 引导时间状语从句
n. 自动扶梯
adj. 平常的，通常的
to do作表语
by + V-ing作方式状语
6. So, when we feel unhappy again ( cue ), rather than eat snacks , we could listen to some of our favourite music instead ( routine ), which will make us feel relaxed ( reward ). ( Page 15)
因此，当我们再次感到不高兴时(触发因素)，我们可以听几首最喜爱的音乐(惯常行为)而不是吃零食，这会使我们感到放松(回报)。
★ rather than 而不是；与其……（不如）
1. rather than 连接两个并列成分(名词、代词、形容词、介词短语、动名词、分词、不定式及动词等)，意为"而不是"。
2. rather than 连接两个主语时，谓语动词应与 rather than 前面的主语在人称和数上保持一致。
3.
would do ... rather than do ...
would rather do ... than do ...
prefer to do ... rather than do ...
宁愿做......也不愿做......
用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
(1) She’d rather die than _____ (lose) the children.
(2) He is an explorer rather than a ______ (sail).
(3) You rather than I _____ (be) going to go camping.
(4) The sweater she bought was beautiful rather than ______ (cheaply).
(5) She enjoys singing rather than ________ (dance).
(6) We will have the meeting in the classroom rather than ____ the great hall.
(7) I decide to write rather than ______________ (telephone).
(8) He came running rather than __________ (walk).
(9)The young student rather than his classmates ( be ) going to travel tomorrow
(10)是文化而不是语言使他难以适应国外的新环境。 (强调句)
lose
sailor
are
cheap
dancing
in
(to) telephone
walking
is
It was the culture, rather than the language, that made it hard for him to adapt to the new environment abroad.
7.Aside from changing bad habits, we can also use the habit cycle to create good habits.
A. 除…之外, 还有 （包括在内，常与also, other, another连用）
=besides, as well as, in addition to
B. 除...之外，没有 （不包括在内，常与no, any, all, every连用）
=except
C. 除了之外（整体中指出不足, 例外，无上述同类语）
=except for
aside/apart from sb/sth/doing sth
翻译句子：
（1）除了定期运动，健康饮食也是一个控制体重的方法。
Aside from/apart from/Besides doing sports regularly,eating healthily is also a way to take control of weight.
（2）教室里除了一个坐在窗边的男孩之外，别无他人。
The classroom was empty aside from/apart from /except for a boy seated by the window.
Many of us try to change bad habits quickly, and if we are not successful straight away, we often become pessimistic and give up. In fact, the most successful way to change is not suddenly, but over a period of time. As the Chinese philosopher Lao Zi wrote, "A journey of a thousand miles begins with a single step." One step seems small, but it is essential. To reach the goal of change, a person must show some discipline and repeatedly take many small steps. After all, it is not easy to break bad habits.
if 引导条件状语从句
立即，马上
adj. 悲观的
放弃
to do 作后置定语
经过一段时间；在一段时间内
Para.6
as引导非限制性定语从句，作宾语，修饰主句
千里之行，始于足下
中国哲学家
it be + adj. + to do sth.，做某事是...，
it为形式主语，to do为真正的主语
to do 作目的状语
n. 自制力，自律能力
adv. 重复地，再三地
改掉坏习惯
8.However, there is no "magic pill” or delete button that will help you
然而，能帮助你的“魔 力丸”或删除键并不存在……
magic pill意为“灵丹妙药”。delete button意为“删除键”。这里magic pill和delete button均是暗喻用法，意指“快速改变坏习惯的良策”。暗喻是英语表达中最常见的修辞手法之一。此处的暗喻运用巧妙，让quick and effective way的直白意义顿时形象生动起来，给文字平添一分感染力
②经历了如坐过山车般跌宕起伏的一日，他决定给自己做一顿大餐。
①在蓬松柔软的"雪毯”尽头，远远出现了一只小红狐。
After a day “on a roller coaster”，he decided to cook himself a big dinner.
Far beyond the end of the soft, fluffy “snow blanket” appears a tiny red fox.
句子仿写
For young people, there is plenty of time to change bad habits. However, there is no "magic pill" or delete button that will help you; you have to think about your bad habits and decide on some changes. You have the power to build a happy and healthy life full of good habits!
大量，很多
to do 作后置定语
删除键
that引导定语从句，作主语
to do 作后置定语
决定
adj.短语作后置定语