2026年江苏省无锡市-一模英语训练习（含答案）
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| 名称 | 2026年江苏省无锡市-一模英语训练习（含答案） |
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| 格式 | docx | ||
| 文件大小 | 33.6KB | ||
| 资源类型 | 教案 | ||
| 版本资源 | 人教版 | ||
| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2026-03-16 00:00:00 | ||
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文档简介
江苏省无锡市英语
中考一模训练卷
班级：____________ 姓名：____________ 得分：____________
第一部分：选择题（共25小题；每小题1分，满分25分）
一、单项填空（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
从 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
1. It’s reported that the new AI model can ___ human emotions through voice tone, which has raised both excitement and concern.
A. affect B. effect C. infect D. reflect
2. By the time the firefighters arrived, the house ___ to the ground.
A. had burned B. has burned C. was burning D. burned
3. —Look! Someone ___ the classroom. It’s spotless!
—It ___ be Li Hua. He’s always the first to arrive.
A. has cleaned; must B. cleaned; can’t C. had cleaned; could D. is cleaning; might
4. The book, ___ cover is torn, was written by a Nobel Prize winner.
A. whose B. which C. its D. that
5. Not only ___ interested in photography, but he also spends hours editing his photos every day.
A. Tom is B. is Tom C. Tom does D. does Tom
6. We were shocked to learn that the ancient temple, ___ for over 800 years, was destroyed in the earthquake.
A. having stood B. standing C. stood D. to stand
7. The government has taken measures to ___ the spread of fake news online, but challenges remain.
A. rise B. raise C. arouse D. arise
8. It was not until she reread his letter ___ she realized how deeply he cared.
A. when B. that C. as D. while
9. —Why didn’t you attend the meeting yesterday
—I ___ , but my car broke down on the way.
A. would B. had to C. was going to D. should
10. The project requires not only technical skills but also the ability to work under pressure, ___ many applicants lack.
A. what B. as C. which D. that
11. Despite the heavy rain, the farmers continued working in the field, ___ their crops from being flooded.
A. to save B. saving C. saved D. having saved
12. This electric car is not only powerful but also very ___ on energy, making it ideal for city driving.
A. economic B. economical C. economics D. economically
13. Had I known about your allergy, I ___ nuts in the cake.
A. wouldn’t put B. hadn’t put C. wouldn’t have put D. didn’t put
14. The committee suggested that the proposal ___ at the next meeting.
A. be discussed B. was discussed C. would be discussed D. had been discussed
15. Faced with so many choices, she found it hard to ___ which university to apply to.
A. adapt B. adopt C. adjust D. decide
二、完形填空（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
In an age of rapid technological advancement, the line between human creativity and artificial intelligence is increasingly blurred. While AI can now compose music, write poetry, and even generate visual art, many argue that true innovation still requires something uniquely human: emotional depth and lived experience.
Take the field of education, for example. Some schools have begun to ---16--- AI tutors to personalize learning. These systems can adapt to a student’s pace and provide instant feedback. However, they cannot replicate the empathy, encouragement, and moral guidance that a human teacher offers. As one educator put it, “Machines can deliver content, but only people can inspire.”
Similarly, in healthcare, AI algorithms are being used to diagnose diseases with remarkable accuracy. Yet patients consistently report feeling more ---17--- when speaking with a human doctor who listens, explains, and shows compassion. Technology should enhance care, not replace the human connection that lies at its core.
The environmental sector also benefits from smart tools. Drones now monitor deforestation, and sensors detect illegal fishing. But without local communities who understand the land and sea, these technologies risk becoming disconnected from reality. Data alone cannot ---18--- policy; it must be paired with wisdom and cultural context.
Moreover, as we rush to embrace digital solutions, we must guard against unintended consequences. The production of electronic devices consumes vast resources and generates e-waste, which often ends up in developing countries. Thus, being “high-tech” does not automatically mean being ---19--- friendly.
The key is not to reject technology, but to use it wisely. We must ---20--- tools that amplify human potential rather than diminish it. This requires critical thinking—a skill no algorithm can fully master. Students today need more than coding skills; they need ethics, creativity, and the ability to distinguish between what is possible and what is ---21---.
As society races forward, we must ask: Are we shaping technology, or is it shaping us The answer will determine whether AI serves humanity or the other way around. Ultimately, the future belongs not to those who merely adopt the latest gadgets, but to those who can thoughtfully integrate them into a life of purpose, ethics, and genuine human ---22---.
In a world of smart machines, perhaps the most valuable trait will be simple, old-fashioned ---23---—the kind that comes from reflection, not computation. After all, no machine has ever truly understood the weight of a sigh, the warmth of a handshake, or the quiet courage it takes to say “I don’t know.” And until it does, we must never ---24--- the irreplaceable value of being human. That is not nostalgia; it is ---25---.
16. A. adapt B. adopt C. adjust D. accept
17. A. anxious B. confused C. comfortable D. curious
18. A. influence B. inform C. create D. replace
19. A. economically B. environmentally C. technically D. socially
20. A. develop B. design C. choose D. invent
21. A. useful B. practical C. desirable D. available
22. A. interaction B. invention C. instruction D. interpretation
23. A. intelligence B. wisdom C. knowledge D. experience
24. A. overlook B. overestimate C. overcome D. undertake
25. A. hope B. responsibility C. necessity D. truth
第二部分：非选择题（共36分）
三、阅读理解（共4篇，每篇5小题；每小题2分，满分40分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
The Plastic Paradox in Our Oceans
Plastic pollution has become one of the most visible symbols of humanity’s environmental crisis. Every year, an estimated 11 million metric tons of plastic waste enter the oceans—equivalent to dumping a garbage truck of plastic into the sea every minute. This debris doesn’t just vanish; it breaks down into microplastics, which are now found everywhere from Arctic ice to deep-sea trenches, and even in human blood.
While beach cleanups and recycling campaigns raise awareness, they address only the symptoms, not the root cause: overproduction. Over 99% of plastics are made from fossil fuels, and global plastic production is projected to triple by 2060 if current trends continue. The problem is exacerbated by “single-use” culture—items like straws, bags, and packaging designed to be discarded after minutes of use.
Some governments are taking bold steps. The European Union has banned certain single-use plastics, and Kenya enforces one of the world’s strictest plastic bag bans, with fines up to $40,000. Meanwhile, innovations like biodegradable alternatives and chemical recycling offer hope, but scalability remains a challenge.
Critically, individual actions alone cannot solve this systemic issue. As marine scientist Dr. Jenna Jambeck states, “We need upstream solutions—reducing production, redesigning products, and rethinking our relationship with materials.” Without binding international agreements and corporate accountability, ocean cleanup efforts may be little more than a drop in the bucket.
The paradox is clear: plastic was invented to save resources (e.g., replacing ivory), yet its misuse now threatens planetary health. Reversing this trend requires not just better waste management, but a fundamental shift toward a circular economy—where nothing is wasted, and everything is reused.
26. What does the author emphasize by comparing plastic waste to “a garbage truck every minute”
A. Ocean currents move waste quickly.
B. The scale of pollution is enormous.
C. Recycling trucks are inefficient.
D. Beach cleanups are too frequent.
27. According to the passage, what is the “root cause” of plastic pollution
A. Lack of public awareness
B. Inadequate recycling technology
C. Overproduction of plastic
D. Weak government enforcement
28. The word “exacerbated” (Paragraph 2) most likely means ______.
A. caused
B. reduced
C. worsened
D. ignored
29. What can be inferred about biodegradable alternatives
A. They are already widely used worldwide.
B. They completely solve the plastic problem.
C. They face challenges in large-scale application.
D. They are cheaper than conventional plastics.
30. What is the author’s main purpose in writing this passage
A. To promote beach cleanup events
B. To criticize individual consumers
C. To advocate for systemic change
D. To introduce new recycling methods
B
Rewilding Europe’s Lost Landscapes
In the heart of Romania’s Carpathian Mountains, a quiet transformation is underway. Once intensively farmed or logged, abandoned fields are returning to wilderness. Wolves and lynx roam freely, bison have been reintroduced after a century-long absence, and forests regenerate without human intervention. This is rewilding—not restoration to a historical state, but the active recovery of ecological processes through minimal human interference.
Unlike traditional conservation that protects static reserves, rewilding embraces dynamism. It focuses on keystone species whose presence reshapes entire ecosystems. For example, beavers create wetlands that support fish, birds, and insects; wild boars turn soil, aiding seed germination. These “ecosystem engineers” trigger cascading benefits far beyond their numbers.
The movement is gaining momentum across Europe. In Spain, rewilding projects have revived populations of Iberian lynx. In the Netherlands, Oostvaardersplassen reserve uses hardy herbivores like Konik horses to maintain open landscapes naturally. Even urban areas are joining in—Berlin now protects wildflower meadows instead of manicured lawns.
Yet rewilding faces resistance. Farmers worry about livestock predation; hunters fear game decline. Some ecologists caution against romanticizing “wilderness,” noting that Europe’s landscapes have always been shaped by humans. True rewilding, they argue, must include local communities in planning—not impose top-down visions.
Despite debates, the core idea endures: nature, when given space and time, can heal itself. As climate change accelerates, resilient, self-sustaining ecosystems may be our best defense. Rewilding isn’t about erasing people—it’s about making room for coexistence.
31. How does rewilding differ from traditional conservation
A. It aims to recreate historical landscapes exactly.
B. It relies on continuous human management.
C. It prioritizes dynamic ecological processes.
D. It focuses only on endangered species.
32. Why are beavers mentioned in Paragraph 2
A. To show how they damage crops
B. To illustrate their role as ecosystem engineers
C. To compare them with wild boars
D. To highlight their economic value
33. The word “cascading” (Paragraph 2) suggests that the benefits are ______.
A. immediate and short-lived
B. spreading and multiplying
C. limited to one species
D. difficult to measure
34. What concern do farmers have about rewilding
A. Increased tourism will disrupt wildlife
B. Predators may attack their animals
C. Wildflowers will replace crops
D. Government funding is insufficient
35. What is the author’s attitude toward rewilding
A. Skeptical—it ignores human needs
B. Enthusiastic—it offers ecological hope
C. Neutral—it has equal pros and cons
D. Critical—it is based on false history
C
The Hidden Water Footprint of Your Diet
When we think about saving water, we picture shorter showers or turning off taps. But the largest share of our daily water use isn’t visible—it’s hidden in the food we eat. Producing one kilogram of beef requires approximately 15,000 liters of water, mostly to grow feed crops. In contrast, vegetables like potatoes need only 250 liters per kilogram.
This “water footprint” includes green water (rainfall), blue water (surface and groundwater), and grey water (pollution dilution). Animal-based foods generally have far higher footprints than plant-based ones because livestock consume vast amounts of feed, which itself requires water to grow.
Climate change intensifies the problem. Droughts in key agricultural regions—from California to India—are reducing water availability just as global food demand rises. In water-stressed countries like South Africa, exporting water-intensive crops (e.g., avocados, almonds) raises ethical questions: should scarce water be used to grow luxury exports
Solutions exist at multiple levels. Farmers can adopt drip irrigation and drought-resistant crops. Consumers can shift toward more plant-rich diets—even one meatless day per week reduces water use significantly. Policymakers can implement “virtual water” trade policies, encouraging imports of water-heavy goods from water-abundant regions.
Ultimately, water scarcity isn’t just about supply—it’s about how we allocate a finite resource. As environmentalist Sandra Postel notes, “The future of water security lies not in finding new sources, but in using every drop more wisely.” Our forks, it turns out, are powerful tools for conservation.
36. What is the main purpose of Paragraph 1
A. To compare showering and farming water use
B. To introduce the concept of “hidden” water use
C. To promote vegetarianism aggressively
D. To criticize beef producers
37. According to the passage, why do animal-based foods have high water footprints
A. Animals drink large amounts of water directly
B. Their feed crops require substantial water
C. Processing meat uses industrial water
D. Livestock farming causes water pollution
38. The phrase “water-stressed countries” (Paragraph 3) refers to nations that ______.
A. export most of their freshwater
B. face severe water shortages
C. rely on desalination plants
D. have polluted rivers
39. What solution does the passage suggest for consumers
A. Install water meters at home
B. Avoid all imported foods
C. Eat less meat occasionally
D. Grow their own vegetables
40. What does the author imply by calling forks “powerful tools”
A. Eating utensils affect digestion
B. Dietary choices impact water conservation
C. Governments should regulate cutlery
D. Food technology saves water
D
Can AI Help Save Endangered Languages
Of the world’s roughly 7,000 languages, nearly half are at risk of disappearing by the end of this century. When a language dies, it takes with it unique knowledge systems, cultural identity, and oral histories. Traditionally, linguists documented endangered languages through fieldwork—but this is slow, expensive, and often begins too late.
Now, artificial intelligence offers new hope. Researchers are training AI models on audio recordings of native speakers to build speech recognition and translation tools for languages with few written records. For example, Google’s “Endangered Languages Project” uses machine learning to analyze patterns in pronunciation and grammar, even from fragmented data.
In Canada, the First Peoples’ Cultural Council partnered with tech firms to develop an app that teaches Indigenous youth their ancestral tongues using AI-powered chatbots. Similarly, in Australia, elders are recording stories in Aboriginal languages, which AI then transcribes and archives for future generations.
However, challenges remain. AI requires large datasets, but many endangered languages have only hours of recorded speech. There’s also the risk of cultural appropriation if technology is developed without community consent. As linguist Dr. Mary Linn warns, “Technology should serve the community, not the other way around.”
The most successful projects prioritize collaboration. Speakers lead the process, deciding how their language is recorded, stored, and taught. AI becomes a bridge—not a replacement—for intergenerational transmission. In the race against time, these digital tools may help ensure that linguistic diversity, like biodiversity, survives for centuries to come.
41. What happens when a language disappears, according to the passage
A. Its speakers lose legal rights
B. Unique cultural knowledge is lost
C. Global communication improves
D. New languages emerge immediately
42. How does AI assist in language preservation
A. By creating new words for modern concepts
B. By analyzing speech patterns from recordings
C. By replacing human linguists entirely
D. By translating all texts into English
43. The example of Canada (Paragraph 3) shows that AI can ______.
A. replace traditional teaching methods
B. engage young learners in language revival
C. eliminate the need for native speakers
D. standardize grammar rules globally
44. What is a major limitation of using AI for this purpose
A. AI cannot understand emotional tone
B. Many languages lack sufficient data
C. Recording devices are too expensive
D. Governments ban language apps
45. What is essential for successful AI-assisted preservation
A. Corporate sponsorship
B. Community leadership and consent
C. International copyright laws
D. Faster internet connections
四、词汇运用（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）
A) 用方框中所给单词的适当形式填空（每词限用一次）。
protect, pollute, responsible, recycle, increase
46. The government has introduced stricter laws to __________ rivers from industrial waste.
47. Plastic __________ is harming marine life at an alarming rate.
48. Everyone has a __________ to reduce their carbon footprint.
49. We should __________ paper, glass, and metals instead of throwing them away.
50. The __________ in extreme weather events is linked to climate change.
B) 根据句意及首字母提示，写出单词的正确形式。
51. Coral reefs are very s__________ to changes in water temperature.
52. E__________ cars produce zero tailpipe emissions, helping improve air quality.
53. Many cities are building bike lanes to e__________ cycling as a green transport option.
54. The Amazon rainforest a__________ about 20% of the world’s oxygen.
55. It’s i__________ to act now to prevent irreversible damage to our planet.
五、阅读回答问题（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）
阅读下面短文，并根据短文内容用完整的句子回答问题。
The “Seed Guardians” of the Himalayas
In the remote villages of Nepal’s Himalayan region, a quiet revolution is taking place—not with machines or money, but with seeds. For generations, farmers here saved and exchanged seeds adapted to their harsh mountain climate. But in recent decades, hybrid and commercial seeds flooded the market, promising higher yields. Many farmers switched, only to find these new seeds required expensive fertilizers, couldn’t survive local frosts, and had to be bought anew each year.
Now, local women are leading a movement to bring back traditional seeds. They’ve formed “seed guardians” groups, collecting, cleaning, drying, and storing heirloom varieties of rice, millet, beans, and vegetables in community seed banks. These seeds are not only resilient—they’re free, renewable, and deeply tied to cultural identity.
One leader, Maya Gurung, explains: “Our ancestors grew food that thrived here. We lost that knowledge when we chased quick profits. Now we’re reclaiming it.” The seed banks also serve as learning centers where elders teach youth how to select the best seeds after harvest—a skill once common, now rare.
Thanks to their efforts, over 30 villages have stopped relying on outside seeds. Crop diversity has increased, diets have improved, and farmers no longer fear debt from buying inputs. As climate change brings unpredictable weather, these locally adapted seeds may be the key to food security in the mountains.
Answer the following questions in complete sentences.
56. What problem did Nepalese farmers face after switching to commercial seeds
57. Who is leading the movement to revive traditional seeds
58. What do the “seed guardians” do with heirloom seeds
59. How do the seed banks help preserve cultural knowledge
60. Why are traditional seeds important for food security under climate change
六、书面表达（共1小题；满分20分）
假设你是李华，你校英文报正在举办以“Small Actions, Big Impact”为主题的征文活动。请你写一篇短文投稿，内容包括：
你或身边人做过的一件环保小事（如节约用水、垃圾分类、绿色出行等）；
这件事带来的积极影响；
你的感悟或倡议。
注意：
词数 80–100；
可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
文中不得出现真实姓名和校名。
第四部分：参考答案
题号 答案 简析
1 A affect（动词，“影响”）；effect 作名词；infect 感染；reflect 反映。句意：AI 影响人类情绪。
2 A 过去完成时（by the time... arrived → had burned），表示“到达前已烧毁”。
3 A 第一空：现在完成时（刚打扫完，结果可见）；第二空：must 表肯定推测（一定是李华）。
4 A whose 引导定语从句，修饰 the book，表示“书的封面”。
5 B Not only 开头倒装：Not only + 助动词 + 主语 + 动词 → is Tom。
6 A having stood（现在分词完成式），表示“在被毁前已矗立800年”。
7 B raise（及物动词，“提高、阻止”）；rise 不及物；arise 出现；arouse 唤起。此处指“采取措施遏制传播”。
8 B 强调句型：It was not until... that...（直到……才……）。
9 C was going to 表示“原打算去”，但因车坏未成行。
10 C which 引导非限制定语从句，指代前面整个主句内容。
11 B 现在分词作伴随状语（saving = 同时拯救），表主动、同时发生。
12 B economical（adj. “节约的、省油的”）；economic 指“经济的”。句意：这车很省能源。
13 C 虚拟语气（对过去事实的假设）：Had I known... → would have done。
14 A suggest 表“建议”时，宾语从句用 (should) do，should 可省略 → be discussed。
15 D decide（决定）；adapt/adopt/adjust 均不接“which university”作宾语。
16 B adopt 意为“采纳、采用”（如技术、方法）；adapt 指“适应”，adjust 指“微调”，accept 指“接受”，均不符“引入AI导师”的语境。
17 C comfortable（舒适的）符合语境：患者面对有人情味的医生时感觉更安心；anxious/confused 与 compassion 矛盾。
18 B inform 在此意为“为……提供依据”，inform policy 是固定搭配，指“数据指导政策制定”；influence 侧重“影响”，不如 inform 准确。
19 B environmentally friendly（环保的）是固定短语，与前文“消耗资源、产生电子垃圾”形成逻辑对比。
20 C choose tools 强调“有意识地选择”能增强人类能力的工具，呼应后文“wisely use”；develop/design/invent 均偏重创造而非选用。
21 C desirable（值得做的、可取的）与 possible（可能的）构成伦理对比：技术能做 ≠ 应该做。
22 A human interaction（人际互动）紧扣全文“human connection”核心主题，其他选项（invention等）偏离主旨。
23 B wisdom（智慧）指基于经验与反思的判断力，区别于 intelligence（智力）或 knowledge（知识），契合“非计算所得”的语境。
24 A overlook（忽视）符合句意：“绝不能忽视人性的不可替代价值”；overestimate（高估）、overcome（克服）语义不符。
25 D truth（真理/事实）作总结：尊重人性不是怀旧，而是认清现实；responsibility/hope 虽积极，但不如 truth 与“not nostalgia”形成直接对立。
题号 答案 简析
26 B 细节推断题。用“每分钟一垃圾车”强调污染规模巨大（enormous scale），非指清洁频率或效率。
27 C 细节定位题。第二段明确指出“root cause: overproduction”（过度生产是根源）。
28 C 词义猜测题。“exacerbated by single-use culture”意为“被一次性文化加剧/恶化”，C项正确。
29 C 推理判断题。第三段末句“scalability remains a challenge”说明可降解材料难以大规模应用。
30 C 主旨大意题。全文呼吁“systemic change”（系统性变革），如减产、循环经济，非仅靠个人。
31 C 细节对比题。第二段首句：rewilding “embraces dynamism”，重在动态生态过程，传统保护则静态。
32 B 举例目的题。以海狸为例说明其作为“ecosystem engineers”能重塑生态系统。
33 B 词义推断题。“cascading benefits”指效益如瀑布般层层扩散、倍增。
34 B 细节理解题。第四段：“Farmers worry about livestock predation”（牲畜被掠食者攻击）。
35 B 作者态度题。末段“resilient ecosystems may be our best defense”体现积极支持态度。
36 B 段落目的题。首段通过牛肉 vs 土豆用水量引出“hidden water footprint”（隐含水足迹）概念。
37 B 因果细节题。第二段：“livestock consume feed crops that require water to grow”。
38 B 词组释义题。“water-stressed countries”指面临严重缺水的国家（如南非）。
39 C 细节建议题。第四段：“even one meatless day per week reduces water use significantly”。
40 B 句意推断题。用“forks are powerful tools”比喻饮食选择对节水有重大影响。
41 B 细节事实题。首段：“takes with it unique knowledge systems, cultural identity…”。
42 B 技术作用题。第二段：“AI models analyze patterns in pronunciation and grammar from recordings”。
43 B 例证目的题。加拿大案例强调 AI 聊天机器人帮助青少年学习祖辈语言，促进传承。
44 B 局限性题。第四段：“AI requires large datasets… many languages have only hours of recordings”。
45 B 观点态度题。末段强调：“Speakers lead the process… community consent”是成功关键。
题号 答案 简析
46 protect 固定搭配：protect… from…（保护……免受……）
47 pollution 名词作主语，“塑料污染”为不可数名词
48 responsibility have a responsibility to do（有责任做某事）
49 recycle 情态动词 should 后接动词原形
50 increase 名词作主语，“极端天气事件的增加”
51 sensitive be sensitive to…（对……敏感），描述珊瑚特性
52 Electric 句首首字母大写，electric cars（电动车）
53 encourage encourage cycling（鼓励骑行），to 后接动词原形
54 absorbs 主语 rainforest 为单数，一般现在时用 absorbs
55 important It’s important to act…（行动很重要），形容词作表语
题号 答案 简析
46 protect 固定搭配：protect… from…（保护……免受……）
47 pollution 名词作主语，“塑料污染”为不可数名词
48 responsibility have a responsibility to do（有责任做某事）
49 recycle 情态动词 should 后接动词原形
50 increase 名词作主语，“极端天气事件的增加”
51 sensitive be sensitive to…（对……敏感），描述珊瑚特性
52 Electric 句首首字母大写，electric cars（电动车）
53 encourage encourage cycling（鼓励骑行），to 后接动词原形
54 absorbs 主语 rainforest 为单数，一般现在时用 absorbs
55 important It’s important to act…（行动很重要），形容词作表语
| 56 | They found that commercial seeds required expensive fertilizers, couldn’t survive local frosts, and had to be bought every year. | 三点原因：需化肥、不耐寒、每年购买 |
| 57 | Local women (or “seed guardians”) are leading the movement. | 明确主体：当地女性 / 种子守护者 |
| 58 | They collect, clean, dry, and store heirloom seeds in community seed banks. | 动作完整：收集、清理、晾干、储存 |
| 59 | Elders teach young people how to select the best seeds after harvest in the seed banks. | 体现“代际传承”+具体技能 |
| 60 | Because they are locally adapted and resilient to unpredictable weather caused by climate change. | 关键词：locally adapted, resilient, climate change |
参考范文（92词）：
Small Actions, Big Impact
Last month, I started taking reusable bags when shopping. At first, I often forgot them, but I kept trying. Soon, my family followed me, and we stopped using plastic bags completely.
This small habit reduced our plastic waste greatly. Our neighbors even asked for tips! Now, more people in our community bring their own bags.
I’ve learned that individual actions can inspire others. If everyone makes one green choice, we’ll build a cleaner, healthier world together. Start small—your effort matters!
中考一模训练卷
班级：____________ 姓名：____________ 得分：____________
第一部分：选择题（共25小题；每小题1分，满分25分）
一、单项填空（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
从 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
1. It’s reported that the new AI model can ___ human emotions through voice tone, which has raised both excitement and concern.
A. affect B. effect C. infect D. reflect
2. By the time the firefighters arrived, the house ___ to the ground.
A. had burned B. has burned C. was burning D. burned
3. —Look! Someone ___ the classroom. It’s spotless!
—It ___ be Li Hua. He’s always the first to arrive.
A. has cleaned; must B. cleaned; can’t C. had cleaned; could D. is cleaning; might
4. The book, ___ cover is torn, was written by a Nobel Prize winner.
A. whose B. which C. its D. that
5. Not only ___ interested in photography, but he also spends hours editing his photos every day.
A. Tom is B. is Tom C. Tom does D. does Tom
6. We were shocked to learn that the ancient temple, ___ for over 800 years, was destroyed in the earthquake.
A. having stood B. standing C. stood D. to stand
7. The government has taken measures to ___ the spread of fake news online, but challenges remain.
A. rise B. raise C. arouse D. arise
8. It was not until she reread his letter ___ she realized how deeply he cared.
A. when B. that C. as D. while
9. —Why didn’t you attend the meeting yesterday
—I ___ , but my car broke down on the way.
A. would B. had to C. was going to D. should
10. The project requires not only technical skills but also the ability to work under pressure, ___ many applicants lack.
A. what B. as C. which D. that
11. Despite the heavy rain, the farmers continued working in the field, ___ their crops from being flooded.
A. to save B. saving C. saved D. having saved
12. This electric car is not only powerful but also very ___ on energy, making it ideal for city driving.
A. economic B. economical C. economics D. economically
13. Had I known about your allergy, I ___ nuts in the cake.
A. wouldn’t put B. hadn’t put C. wouldn’t have put D. didn’t put
14. The committee suggested that the proposal ___ at the next meeting.
A. be discussed B. was discussed C. would be discussed D. had been discussed
15. Faced with so many choices, she found it hard to ___ which university to apply to.
A. adapt B. adopt C. adjust D. decide
二、完形填空（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
In an age of rapid technological advancement, the line between human creativity and artificial intelligence is increasingly blurred. While AI can now compose music, write poetry, and even generate visual art, many argue that true innovation still requires something uniquely human: emotional depth and lived experience.
Take the field of education, for example. Some schools have begun to ---16--- AI tutors to personalize learning. These systems can adapt to a student’s pace and provide instant feedback. However, they cannot replicate the empathy, encouragement, and moral guidance that a human teacher offers. As one educator put it, “Machines can deliver content, but only people can inspire.”
Similarly, in healthcare, AI algorithms are being used to diagnose diseases with remarkable accuracy. Yet patients consistently report feeling more ---17--- when speaking with a human doctor who listens, explains, and shows compassion. Technology should enhance care, not replace the human connection that lies at its core.
The environmental sector also benefits from smart tools. Drones now monitor deforestation, and sensors detect illegal fishing. But without local communities who understand the land and sea, these technologies risk becoming disconnected from reality. Data alone cannot ---18--- policy; it must be paired with wisdom and cultural context.
Moreover, as we rush to embrace digital solutions, we must guard against unintended consequences. The production of electronic devices consumes vast resources and generates e-waste, which often ends up in developing countries. Thus, being “high-tech” does not automatically mean being ---19--- friendly.
The key is not to reject technology, but to use it wisely. We must ---20--- tools that amplify human potential rather than diminish it. This requires critical thinking—a skill no algorithm can fully master. Students today need more than coding skills; they need ethics, creativity, and the ability to distinguish between what is possible and what is ---21---.
As society races forward, we must ask: Are we shaping technology, or is it shaping us The answer will determine whether AI serves humanity or the other way around. Ultimately, the future belongs not to those who merely adopt the latest gadgets, but to those who can thoughtfully integrate them into a life of purpose, ethics, and genuine human ---22---.
In a world of smart machines, perhaps the most valuable trait will be simple, old-fashioned ---23---—the kind that comes from reflection, not computation. After all, no machine has ever truly understood the weight of a sigh, the warmth of a handshake, or the quiet courage it takes to say “I don’t know.” And until it does, we must never ---24--- the irreplaceable value of being human. That is not nostalgia; it is ---25---.
16. A. adapt B. adopt C. adjust D. accept
17. A. anxious B. confused C. comfortable D. curious
18. A. influence B. inform C. create D. replace
19. A. economically B. environmentally C. technically D. socially
20. A. develop B. design C. choose D. invent
21. A. useful B. practical C. desirable D. available
22. A. interaction B. invention C. instruction D. interpretation
23. A. intelligence B. wisdom C. knowledge D. experience
24. A. overlook B. overestimate C. overcome D. undertake
25. A. hope B. responsibility C. necessity D. truth
第二部分：非选择题（共36分）
三、阅读理解（共4篇，每篇5小题；每小题2分，满分40分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
The Plastic Paradox in Our Oceans
Plastic pollution has become one of the most visible symbols of humanity’s environmental crisis. Every year, an estimated 11 million metric tons of plastic waste enter the oceans—equivalent to dumping a garbage truck of plastic into the sea every minute. This debris doesn’t just vanish; it breaks down into microplastics, which are now found everywhere from Arctic ice to deep-sea trenches, and even in human blood.
While beach cleanups and recycling campaigns raise awareness, they address only the symptoms, not the root cause: overproduction. Over 99% of plastics are made from fossil fuels, and global plastic production is projected to triple by 2060 if current trends continue. The problem is exacerbated by “single-use” culture—items like straws, bags, and packaging designed to be discarded after minutes of use.
Some governments are taking bold steps. The European Union has banned certain single-use plastics, and Kenya enforces one of the world’s strictest plastic bag bans, with fines up to $40,000. Meanwhile, innovations like biodegradable alternatives and chemical recycling offer hope, but scalability remains a challenge.
Critically, individual actions alone cannot solve this systemic issue. As marine scientist Dr. Jenna Jambeck states, “We need upstream solutions—reducing production, redesigning products, and rethinking our relationship with materials.” Without binding international agreements and corporate accountability, ocean cleanup efforts may be little more than a drop in the bucket.
The paradox is clear: plastic was invented to save resources (e.g., replacing ivory), yet its misuse now threatens planetary health. Reversing this trend requires not just better waste management, but a fundamental shift toward a circular economy—where nothing is wasted, and everything is reused.
26. What does the author emphasize by comparing plastic waste to “a garbage truck every minute”
A. Ocean currents move waste quickly.
B. The scale of pollution is enormous.
C. Recycling trucks are inefficient.
D. Beach cleanups are too frequent.
27. According to the passage, what is the “root cause” of plastic pollution
A. Lack of public awareness
B. Inadequate recycling technology
C. Overproduction of plastic
D. Weak government enforcement
28. The word “exacerbated” (Paragraph 2) most likely means ______.
A. caused
B. reduced
C. worsened
D. ignored
29. What can be inferred about biodegradable alternatives
A. They are already widely used worldwide.
B. They completely solve the plastic problem.
C. They face challenges in large-scale application.
D. They are cheaper than conventional plastics.
30. What is the author’s main purpose in writing this passage
A. To promote beach cleanup events
B. To criticize individual consumers
C. To advocate for systemic change
D. To introduce new recycling methods
B
Rewilding Europe’s Lost Landscapes
In the heart of Romania’s Carpathian Mountains, a quiet transformation is underway. Once intensively farmed or logged, abandoned fields are returning to wilderness. Wolves and lynx roam freely, bison have been reintroduced after a century-long absence, and forests regenerate without human intervention. This is rewilding—not restoration to a historical state, but the active recovery of ecological processes through minimal human interference.
Unlike traditional conservation that protects static reserves, rewilding embraces dynamism. It focuses on keystone species whose presence reshapes entire ecosystems. For example, beavers create wetlands that support fish, birds, and insects; wild boars turn soil, aiding seed germination. These “ecosystem engineers” trigger cascading benefits far beyond their numbers.
The movement is gaining momentum across Europe. In Spain, rewilding projects have revived populations of Iberian lynx. In the Netherlands, Oostvaardersplassen reserve uses hardy herbivores like Konik horses to maintain open landscapes naturally. Even urban areas are joining in—Berlin now protects wildflower meadows instead of manicured lawns.
Yet rewilding faces resistance. Farmers worry about livestock predation; hunters fear game decline. Some ecologists caution against romanticizing “wilderness,” noting that Europe’s landscapes have always been shaped by humans. True rewilding, they argue, must include local communities in planning—not impose top-down visions.
Despite debates, the core idea endures: nature, when given space and time, can heal itself. As climate change accelerates, resilient, self-sustaining ecosystems may be our best defense. Rewilding isn’t about erasing people—it’s about making room for coexistence.
31. How does rewilding differ from traditional conservation
A. It aims to recreate historical landscapes exactly.
B. It relies on continuous human management.
C. It prioritizes dynamic ecological processes.
D. It focuses only on endangered species.
32. Why are beavers mentioned in Paragraph 2
A. To show how they damage crops
B. To illustrate their role as ecosystem engineers
C. To compare them with wild boars
D. To highlight their economic value
33. The word “cascading” (Paragraph 2) suggests that the benefits are ______.
A. immediate and short-lived
B. spreading and multiplying
C. limited to one species
D. difficult to measure
34. What concern do farmers have about rewilding
A. Increased tourism will disrupt wildlife
B. Predators may attack their animals
C. Wildflowers will replace crops
D. Government funding is insufficient
35. What is the author’s attitude toward rewilding
A. Skeptical—it ignores human needs
B. Enthusiastic—it offers ecological hope
C. Neutral—it has equal pros and cons
D. Critical—it is based on false history
C
The Hidden Water Footprint of Your Diet
When we think about saving water, we picture shorter showers or turning off taps. But the largest share of our daily water use isn’t visible—it’s hidden in the food we eat. Producing one kilogram of beef requires approximately 15,000 liters of water, mostly to grow feed crops. In contrast, vegetables like potatoes need only 250 liters per kilogram.
This “water footprint” includes green water (rainfall), blue water (surface and groundwater), and grey water (pollution dilution). Animal-based foods generally have far higher footprints than plant-based ones because livestock consume vast amounts of feed, which itself requires water to grow.
Climate change intensifies the problem. Droughts in key agricultural regions—from California to India—are reducing water availability just as global food demand rises. In water-stressed countries like South Africa, exporting water-intensive crops (e.g., avocados, almonds) raises ethical questions: should scarce water be used to grow luxury exports
Solutions exist at multiple levels. Farmers can adopt drip irrigation and drought-resistant crops. Consumers can shift toward more plant-rich diets—even one meatless day per week reduces water use significantly. Policymakers can implement “virtual water” trade policies, encouraging imports of water-heavy goods from water-abundant regions.
Ultimately, water scarcity isn’t just about supply—it’s about how we allocate a finite resource. As environmentalist Sandra Postel notes, “The future of water security lies not in finding new sources, but in using every drop more wisely.” Our forks, it turns out, are powerful tools for conservation.
36. What is the main purpose of Paragraph 1
A. To compare showering and farming water use
B. To introduce the concept of “hidden” water use
C. To promote vegetarianism aggressively
D. To criticize beef producers
37. According to the passage, why do animal-based foods have high water footprints
A. Animals drink large amounts of water directly
B. Their feed crops require substantial water
C. Processing meat uses industrial water
D. Livestock farming causes water pollution
38. The phrase “water-stressed countries” (Paragraph 3) refers to nations that ______.
A. export most of their freshwater
B. face severe water shortages
C. rely on desalination plants
D. have polluted rivers
39. What solution does the passage suggest for consumers
A. Install water meters at home
B. Avoid all imported foods
C. Eat less meat occasionally
D. Grow their own vegetables
40. What does the author imply by calling forks “powerful tools”
A. Eating utensils affect digestion
B. Dietary choices impact water conservation
C. Governments should regulate cutlery
D. Food technology saves water
D
Can AI Help Save Endangered Languages
Of the world’s roughly 7,000 languages, nearly half are at risk of disappearing by the end of this century. When a language dies, it takes with it unique knowledge systems, cultural identity, and oral histories. Traditionally, linguists documented endangered languages through fieldwork—but this is slow, expensive, and often begins too late.
Now, artificial intelligence offers new hope. Researchers are training AI models on audio recordings of native speakers to build speech recognition and translation tools for languages with few written records. For example, Google’s “Endangered Languages Project” uses machine learning to analyze patterns in pronunciation and grammar, even from fragmented data.
In Canada, the First Peoples’ Cultural Council partnered with tech firms to develop an app that teaches Indigenous youth their ancestral tongues using AI-powered chatbots. Similarly, in Australia, elders are recording stories in Aboriginal languages, which AI then transcribes and archives for future generations.
However, challenges remain. AI requires large datasets, but many endangered languages have only hours of recorded speech. There’s also the risk of cultural appropriation if technology is developed without community consent. As linguist Dr. Mary Linn warns, “Technology should serve the community, not the other way around.”
The most successful projects prioritize collaboration. Speakers lead the process, deciding how their language is recorded, stored, and taught. AI becomes a bridge—not a replacement—for intergenerational transmission. In the race against time, these digital tools may help ensure that linguistic diversity, like biodiversity, survives for centuries to come.
41. What happens when a language disappears, according to the passage
A. Its speakers lose legal rights
B. Unique cultural knowledge is lost
C. Global communication improves
D. New languages emerge immediately
42. How does AI assist in language preservation
A. By creating new words for modern concepts
B. By analyzing speech patterns from recordings
C. By replacing human linguists entirely
D. By translating all texts into English
43. The example of Canada (Paragraph 3) shows that AI can ______.
A. replace traditional teaching methods
B. engage young learners in language revival
C. eliminate the need for native speakers
D. standardize grammar rules globally
44. What is a major limitation of using AI for this purpose
A. AI cannot understand emotional tone
B. Many languages lack sufficient data
C. Recording devices are too expensive
D. Governments ban language apps
45. What is essential for successful AI-assisted preservation
A. Corporate sponsorship
B. Community leadership and consent
C. International copyright laws
D. Faster internet connections
四、词汇运用（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）
A) 用方框中所给单词的适当形式填空（每词限用一次）。
protect, pollute, responsible, recycle, increase
46. The government has introduced stricter laws to __________ rivers from industrial waste.
47. Plastic __________ is harming marine life at an alarming rate.
48. Everyone has a __________ to reduce their carbon footprint.
49. We should __________ paper, glass, and metals instead of throwing them away.
50. The __________ in extreme weather events is linked to climate change.
B) 根据句意及首字母提示，写出单词的正确形式。
51. Coral reefs are very s__________ to changes in water temperature.
52. E__________ cars produce zero tailpipe emissions, helping improve air quality.
53. Many cities are building bike lanes to e__________ cycling as a green transport option.
54. The Amazon rainforest a__________ about 20% of the world’s oxygen.
55. It’s i__________ to act now to prevent irreversible damage to our planet.
五、阅读回答问题（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）
阅读下面短文，并根据短文内容用完整的句子回答问题。
The “Seed Guardians” of the Himalayas
In the remote villages of Nepal’s Himalayan region, a quiet revolution is taking place—not with machines or money, but with seeds. For generations, farmers here saved and exchanged seeds adapted to their harsh mountain climate. But in recent decades, hybrid and commercial seeds flooded the market, promising higher yields. Many farmers switched, only to find these new seeds required expensive fertilizers, couldn’t survive local frosts, and had to be bought anew each year.
Now, local women are leading a movement to bring back traditional seeds. They’ve formed “seed guardians” groups, collecting, cleaning, drying, and storing heirloom varieties of rice, millet, beans, and vegetables in community seed banks. These seeds are not only resilient—they’re free, renewable, and deeply tied to cultural identity.
One leader, Maya Gurung, explains: “Our ancestors grew food that thrived here. We lost that knowledge when we chased quick profits. Now we’re reclaiming it.” The seed banks also serve as learning centers where elders teach youth how to select the best seeds after harvest—a skill once common, now rare.
Thanks to their efforts, over 30 villages have stopped relying on outside seeds. Crop diversity has increased, diets have improved, and farmers no longer fear debt from buying inputs. As climate change brings unpredictable weather, these locally adapted seeds may be the key to food security in the mountains.
Answer the following questions in complete sentences.
56. What problem did Nepalese farmers face after switching to commercial seeds
57. Who is leading the movement to revive traditional seeds
58. What do the “seed guardians” do with heirloom seeds
59. How do the seed banks help preserve cultural knowledge
60. Why are traditional seeds important for food security under climate change
六、书面表达（共1小题；满分20分）
假设你是李华，你校英文报正在举办以“Small Actions, Big Impact”为主题的征文活动。请你写一篇短文投稿，内容包括：
你或身边人做过的一件环保小事（如节约用水、垃圾分类、绿色出行等）；
这件事带来的积极影响；
你的感悟或倡议。
注意：
词数 80–100；
可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
文中不得出现真实姓名和校名。
第四部分：参考答案
题号 答案 简析
1 A affect（动词，“影响”）；effect 作名词；infect 感染；reflect 反映。句意：AI 影响人类情绪。
2 A 过去完成时（by the time... arrived → had burned），表示“到达前已烧毁”。
3 A 第一空：现在完成时（刚打扫完，结果可见）；第二空：must 表肯定推测（一定是李华）。
4 A whose 引导定语从句，修饰 the book，表示“书的封面”。
5 B Not only 开头倒装：Not only + 助动词 + 主语 + 动词 → is Tom。
6 A having stood（现在分词完成式），表示“在被毁前已矗立800年”。
7 B raise（及物动词，“提高、阻止”）；rise 不及物；arise 出现；arouse 唤起。此处指“采取措施遏制传播”。
8 B 强调句型：It was not until... that...（直到……才……）。
9 C was going to 表示“原打算去”，但因车坏未成行。
10 C which 引导非限制定语从句，指代前面整个主句内容。
11 B 现在分词作伴随状语（saving = 同时拯救），表主动、同时发生。
12 B economical（adj. “节约的、省油的”）；economic 指“经济的”。句意：这车很省能源。
13 C 虚拟语气（对过去事实的假设）：Had I known... → would have done。
14 A suggest 表“建议”时，宾语从句用 (should) do，should 可省略 → be discussed。
15 D decide（决定）；adapt/adopt/adjust 均不接“which university”作宾语。
16 B adopt 意为“采纳、采用”（如技术、方法）；adapt 指“适应”，adjust 指“微调”，accept 指“接受”，均不符“引入AI导师”的语境。
17 C comfortable（舒适的）符合语境：患者面对有人情味的医生时感觉更安心；anxious/confused 与 compassion 矛盾。
18 B inform 在此意为“为……提供依据”，inform policy 是固定搭配，指“数据指导政策制定”；influence 侧重“影响”，不如 inform 准确。
19 B environmentally friendly（环保的）是固定短语，与前文“消耗资源、产生电子垃圾”形成逻辑对比。
20 C choose tools 强调“有意识地选择”能增强人类能力的工具，呼应后文“wisely use”；develop/design/invent 均偏重创造而非选用。
21 C desirable（值得做的、可取的）与 possible（可能的）构成伦理对比：技术能做 ≠ 应该做。
22 A human interaction（人际互动）紧扣全文“human connection”核心主题，其他选项（invention等）偏离主旨。
23 B wisdom（智慧）指基于经验与反思的判断力，区别于 intelligence（智力）或 knowledge（知识），契合“非计算所得”的语境。
24 A overlook（忽视）符合句意：“绝不能忽视人性的不可替代价值”；overestimate（高估）、overcome（克服）语义不符。
25 D truth（真理/事实）作总结：尊重人性不是怀旧，而是认清现实；responsibility/hope 虽积极，但不如 truth 与“not nostalgia”形成直接对立。
题号 答案 简析
26 B 细节推断题。用“每分钟一垃圾车”强调污染规模巨大（enormous scale），非指清洁频率或效率。
27 C 细节定位题。第二段明确指出“root cause: overproduction”（过度生产是根源）。
28 C 词义猜测题。“exacerbated by single-use culture”意为“被一次性文化加剧/恶化”，C项正确。
29 C 推理判断题。第三段末句“scalability remains a challenge”说明可降解材料难以大规模应用。
30 C 主旨大意题。全文呼吁“systemic change”（系统性变革），如减产、循环经济，非仅靠个人。
31 C 细节对比题。第二段首句：rewilding “embraces dynamism”，重在动态生态过程，传统保护则静态。
32 B 举例目的题。以海狸为例说明其作为“ecosystem engineers”能重塑生态系统。
33 B 词义推断题。“cascading benefits”指效益如瀑布般层层扩散、倍增。
34 B 细节理解题。第四段：“Farmers worry about livestock predation”（牲畜被掠食者攻击）。
35 B 作者态度题。末段“resilient ecosystems may be our best defense”体现积极支持态度。
36 B 段落目的题。首段通过牛肉 vs 土豆用水量引出“hidden water footprint”（隐含水足迹）概念。
37 B 因果细节题。第二段：“livestock consume feed crops that require water to grow”。
38 B 词组释义题。“water-stressed countries”指面临严重缺水的国家（如南非）。
39 C 细节建议题。第四段：“even one meatless day per week reduces water use significantly”。
40 B 句意推断题。用“forks are powerful tools”比喻饮食选择对节水有重大影响。
41 B 细节事实题。首段：“takes with it unique knowledge systems, cultural identity…”。
42 B 技术作用题。第二段：“AI models analyze patterns in pronunciation and grammar from recordings”。
43 B 例证目的题。加拿大案例强调 AI 聊天机器人帮助青少年学习祖辈语言，促进传承。
44 B 局限性题。第四段：“AI requires large datasets… many languages have only hours of recordings”。
45 B 观点态度题。末段强调：“Speakers lead the process… community consent”是成功关键。
题号 答案 简析
46 protect 固定搭配：protect… from…（保护……免受……）
47 pollution 名词作主语，“塑料污染”为不可数名词
48 responsibility have a responsibility to do（有责任做某事）
49 recycle 情态动词 should 后接动词原形
50 increase 名词作主语，“极端天气事件的增加”
51 sensitive be sensitive to…（对……敏感），描述珊瑚特性
52 Electric 句首首字母大写，electric cars（电动车）
53 encourage encourage cycling（鼓励骑行），to 后接动词原形
54 absorbs 主语 rainforest 为单数，一般现在时用 absorbs
55 important It’s important to act…（行动很重要），形容词作表语
题号 答案 简析
46 protect 固定搭配：protect… from…（保护……免受……）
47 pollution 名词作主语，“塑料污染”为不可数名词
48 responsibility have a responsibility to do（有责任做某事）
49 recycle 情态动词 should 后接动词原形
50 increase 名词作主语，“极端天气事件的增加”
51 sensitive be sensitive to…（对……敏感），描述珊瑚特性
52 Electric 句首首字母大写，electric cars（电动车）
53 encourage encourage cycling（鼓励骑行），to 后接动词原形
54 absorbs 主语 rainforest 为单数，一般现在时用 absorbs
55 important It’s important to act…（行动很重要），形容词作表语
| 56 | They found that commercial seeds required expensive fertilizers, couldn’t survive local frosts, and had to be bought every year. | 三点原因：需化肥、不耐寒、每年购买 |
| 57 | Local women (or “seed guardians”) are leading the movement. | 明确主体：当地女性 / 种子守护者 |
| 58 | They collect, clean, dry, and store heirloom seeds in community seed banks. | 动作完整：收集、清理、晾干、储存 |
| 59 | Elders teach young people how to select the best seeds after harvest in the seed banks. | 体现“代际传承”+具体技能 |
| 60 | Because they are locally adapted and resilient to unpredictable weather caused by climate change. | 关键词：locally adapted, resilient, climate change |
参考范文（92词）：
Small Actions, Big Impact
Last month, I started taking reusable bags when shopping. At first, I often forgot them, but I kept trying. Soon, my family followed me, and we stopped using plastic bags completely.
This small habit reduced our plastic waste greatly. Our neighbors even asked for tips! Now, more people in our community bring their own bags.
I’ve learned that individual actions can inspire others. If everyone makes one green choice, we’ll build a cleaner, healthier world together. Start small—your effort matters!
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