2026年云南省中考英语二轮专题复习-名词与冠词（含答案）

2026 届中考英语二轮专题复习
名词与冠词
【考情微观·近三年命题特点】
名词和冠词是中考英语的基础考点，每年在单项选择、语法填空、短文改错中都会出现。2023—2025年真题注重在语境中考查可数名词与不可数名词的区分、名词所有格、冠词的基本用法（定冠词与不定冠词的选择、零冠词的情况）。同时，名词词义辨析也常出现在完形填空中。本专题系统梳理名词与冠词的核心规则，并通过多样化练习帮助学生巩固。
【核心知识·名词与冠词全攻略】
一、名词的分类
1. 专有名词：表示特定的人、地方、机构等，首字母大写，如 China, Tom, the Great Wall。
2. 普通名词：
（1）可数名词：有单复数形式，如 book—books, child—children。
（2）不可数名词：没有复数形式，如 water, information, advice。不可数名词需要用量词表示数量，如 a piece of news。
二、可数名词复数的规则变化
1. 一般情况加 -s：book→books
2. 以 s, x, ch, sh 结尾加 -es：bus→buses, box→boxes, watch→watches, brush→brushes
3. 以“辅音字母+y”结尾，变 y 为 i 加 -es：city→cities, country→countries
4. 以 f/fe 结尾，一般变 f/fe 为 v 加 -es：leaf→leaves, knife→knives（少数直接加 -s 如 roof→roofs）
5. 以 o 结尾，有生命的加 -es（potato→potatoes, tomato→tomatoes），无生命的加 -s（photo→photos, piano→pianos）
三、不可数名词的量化表达
a piece of news/advice/information；a glass of water；a bowl of rice；two bags of milk 等。
四、名词所有格
1. 's 所有格：主要用于有生命的名词，如 my mother‘s bag；以 s 结尾的复数名词只加 ’，如 the teachers‘ office。
2. of 所有格：主要用于无生命的名词，如 the name of the school。
3. 双重所有格：a friend of my father’s（我父亲的一个朋友）
五、冠词的基本用法
1. 不定冠词 a/an：表示泛指“一个”，a 用于辅音音素开头的词前，an 用于元音音素开头的词前，如 a university, an hour。
2. 定冠词 the：表示特指，或上文提到过的人或物，或用于独一无二的事物前（the sun），乐器前（play the piano），序数词和最高级前（the first, the best）。
3. 零冠词：球类运动、三餐、学科、人名、地名、节日（一般）前不加冠词，如 play football, have breakfast, in Beijing。
六、易错点提醒
1. 集合名词如 family, class 强调整体时用单数，强调成员时用复数。
2. 有些名词单复数同形：sheep, deer, Chinese, Japanese。
3. 名词作定语通常用单数（a shoe shop），但 man, woman 作定语时随后名词变数（men teachers）。
4. 冠词与 such, what, half, rather 等词的连用位置：such a nice boy, half an hour。
【技法点拨·三步破题】
1. 确定空格处需要名词还是冠词：根据句子成分判断，名词通常作主、宾、表，冠词位于名词前。
2. 如果是名词：考虑可数/不可数、单复数、所有格形式；如果是冠词：考虑泛指/特指、发音、固定搭配。
3. 结合上下文语义和语法规则，选出正确答案。
【综合演练 分层突破】
第一部分 单项选择（共10小题，每题1分）
1. There is _______ “u” and _______ “s” in the word “us”.
A. a; a
B. a; an
C. an; a
D. an; an
2. — What would you like, sir
— I’d like two _______.
A. bottle of milk
B. bottles of milk
C. bottles of milks
D. bottle of milks
3. The _______ office is on the fifth floor.
A. teachers’
B. teacher’s
C. teacher
D. teachers
4. My sister plays _______ piano very well, but she doesn’t like playing _______ football.
A. the; the
B. the; /
C. /; the
D. /; /
5. Could you give me _______ on how to learn English well
A. an advice
B. some advice
C. some advices
D. an advices
6. This is _______ room. They live here happily.
A. Tom and Mike
B. Tom’s and Mike’s
C. Tom and Mike’s
D. Tom’s and Mike
7. He has _______ knowledge of computers.
A. a
B. an
C. the
D. /
8. They are _______ and they often help each other.
A. man teachers
B. men teachers
C. men teacher
D. man teacher
9. It’s about ten _______ walk from here to the park.
A. minute
B. minutes
C. minute’s
D. minutes’
10. What _______ fine weather we are having today!
A. a
B. an
C. the
D. /
第二部分 语法填空（共12小题，每题1分）
11. There are two _______ (knife) on the table.
12. The _______ (child) toys are all over the floor.
13. Would you like some _______ (bread) for breakfast
14. September 10th is _______ (teacher) Day.
15. My father is _______ (a) honest man.
16. _______ (sheep) are eating grass on the hill.
17. I have two _______ (cup) of tea every morning.
18. This is _______ (Tom and Jerry) bedroom.
19. It’s about twenty _______ (minute) ride from here.
20. The little girl likes playing _______ (violin).
21. My sister often goes to school by _______ (bike).
22. There is _______ (a) “l” in the word “apple”.
第三部分 完成句子（每空一词，共8小题，每题1.5分）
23. 他给了我一条有用的建议。
He gave me _______ useful piece of _______.
24. 那些是西红柿和土豆。
Those are _______ and _______.
25. 格林先生是我父亲的一个朋友。
Mr. Green is a friend of _______ _______.
26. 让我们花半小时读书吧。
Let’s spend _______ _______ reading books.
27. 你能告诉我去车站的路吗？
Can you tell me the _______ to the _______
28. 吉姆和汤姆的房间都很整洁。
_______ and _______ rooms are both tidy.
29. 我们都喜欢音乐，比如弹钢琴。
We all like music, such as playing _______ _______.
30. 这本字典是李老师的。
This dictionary is _______ _______.
第四部分 选词填空（用方框内词语的正确形式填空，共6小题，每题2分）
policeman, information, man teacher, orange, glass of water, Chinese
31. How many _______ are there in the police station
32. I’d like two _______, please. I’m very thirsty.
33. The _______ are discussing the math problem.
34. We can get a lot of useful _______ on the Internet.
35. These _______ come from Shanghai.
36. There are some _______ on the table. They are sweet.
第五部分 单句改错（每题只有一处错误，共6小题，每题2分）
37. My mother bought two fishes in the market.
改正：________________________
38. The boy is wearing a uniform and an useful dictionary.
改正：________________________
39. Miss Green is a friend of my mother.
改正：________________________
40. There is an “h” in the word “hour”, but we don’t pronounce it.
改正：________________________
41. He gave me some good advices yesterday.
改正：________________________
42. Look! Those sheeps are eating grass over there.
改正：________________________
【参考答案】
单选：1—5 B B A B B 6—10 C A B D D
语法填空：11. knives 12. children‘s 13. bread 14. Teachers’ 15. an 16. Sheep 17. cups 18. Tom and Jerry‘s 19. minutes’ 20. the violin 21. bike 22. an
完成句子：23. a; advice 24. tomatoes; potatoes 25. my father‘s 26. half an hour 27. way; station 28. Jim’s; Tom‘s 29. the piano 30. Mr. Li’s
选词填空：31. policemen 32. glasses of water 33. men teachers 34. information 35. Chinese 36. oranges
单句改错：37. fishes→fish 38. an→a 39. mother→mother‘s 40. an→a 41. advices→advice 42. sheeps→sheep