2026年中考英语二轮专题复习·讲练测-动词与动词短语（含答案）

2026 届中考英语二轮专题复习·讲练测
动词与动词短语
【考情微观·近三年命题特点】
动词及动词短语是中考语法填空、完形及单选的重中之重。2023—2025年真题趋向在真实语境中考查动词辨析、短语搭配及情态动词表推测。特别关注“一词多义”和“介词+动词”构成的短语在语篇中的理解。本专题系统梳理所有核心考点并配以多样化练习。
【核心知识·动词全攻略】
一、动词的基本分类
1. 实义动词 (Notional Verb)：及物(vt.) 必须接宾语，如 love, eat, buy；不及物(vi.) 不可直接接宾语，需加介词，如 look, arrive, listen。及物性与不及物性是语法填空的常考点。
2. 连系动词 (Linking Verb)：用来连接主语和表语，常见有 be, become, get, turn, grow, keep, seem, appear, feel, look, smell, taste, sound。连系动词后常接形容词作表语，且无被动语态。如：The soup tastes delicious. (不能写成 is tasted)
3. 助动词 (Auxiliary Verb)：be, do, have, will, shall, would 等，帮助构成时态、语态、否定、疑问。
4. 情态动词 (Modal Verb)：can/could, may/might, must, need, should, had better, would, shall 等。注意：must 表示“必须”或“肯定推测”；can’t 表示“不可能”；may/might 表示“可能”；need 既可作情态动词也可作实义动词。
二、动词短语六大高频结构
动词+介词 (look after, belong to, hear from) —— 宾语置于介词后。
动词+副词 (turn off, give up, put away) —— 名词宾语可放副词前后，代词必须放中间。
动词+副词+介词 (come up with, look forward to, run out of) —— 整体相当于及物动词。
动词+名词+介词 (take care of, pay attention to, make fun of) —— 常为固定短语。
be+形容词+介词 (be interested in, be proud of, be good at) —— 系表结构后接宾语。
固定搭配：used to do (过去常常), be used to doing (习惯于), make sb. do, help sb. (to) do 等。
三、极易混淆的动词辨析
▲ spend/cost/take/pay：人+spend+时间/钱+on sth./(in) doing；物+cost+人+钱；It takes+人+时间+to do；人+pay+钱+for sth.
▲ wear/put on/dress/in：wear 表状态；put on 表动作；dress + 人 (给…穿衣)；be in + 颜色/衣服。
▲ speak/say/tell/talk：speak 说语言/发言；say 说内容；tell 告诉/讲述；talk 交谈/谈论。
▲ arrive/reach/get to：arrive at/in 地点；reach 直接+地点；get to+地点。
▲ borrow/lend/keep：borrow from 借入；lend to 借出；keep 借(延续性)。
▲ win/beat：win+奖品/比赛；beat+对手/队伍。
四、动词的语境化用法
近年中考常将动词放在传统文化、劳动教育、校园生活等情境中。务必注意主语与动词的“人称数”一致、时态呼应以及主动表被动现象（如 sell well, write smoothly）。情态动词+have done 表推测也是高频难点。
【技法点拨·三步破题】
① 找标志词（时态状语、固定句式）；② 判定及物性与语态；③ 代入语义排除干扰。尤其对于短语动词，要结合上下文推断含义。
【综合演练 分层突破】
第一部分 单项选择（共10小题，每题1分）
1. — Who is singing in the next room It _______ so beautiful.
— It must be Lucy, our new neighbor.
A. listens B. hears C. sounds D. strikes
2. The old man _______ the bus, but unluckily it had just left.
A. hoped to catch B. hoped catching C. hopes catch D. hopes catching
3. — Must we finish the project before Friday
— No, you _______. You can hand it in next Monday.
A. mustn’t B. can’t C. needn’t D. shouldn’t
4. My mother _______ some story books for me yesterday.
A. buy B. bought C. has bought D. will buy
5. Look! The boys _______ basketball on the playground.
A. play B. played C. are playing D. were playing
6. The little girl _______ her mother and asked for a doll.
A. looked like B. looked after C. looked at D. looked up
7. This kind of cloth _______ very soft and smooth.
A. feels B. is felt C. is feeling D. feel
8. We should try our best to _______ the people in need.
A. help B. to help C. helping D. helped
9. The meeting _______ because of the heavy rain yesterday.
A. put off B. was put off C. has put off D. was putting off
10. He _______ up at 6 o‘clock every morning, but he stayed in bed this morning.
A. used to get B. is used to get C. used to getting D. was used to get
第二部分 语法填空（共12小题，每题1分）
11. I ______ (have) a great time at the party last night.
12. They ______ (build) a new school in my hometown every year.
13. Look! The cat ______ (climb) the tree.
14. If it ______ (rain) tomorrow, we will stay at home.
15. The film ______ (be) on for ten minutes when I arrived.
16. My brother ______ (wash) his car at 3 pm yesterday.
17. More trees ______ (plant) next spring.
18. He always ______ (go) to the library on weekends.
19. By the end of last term, we ______ (learn) over 2000 words.
20. The old man needs ______ (take) good care of.
21. She couldn’t help ______ (cry) when she heard the bad news.
22. I prefer ______ (read) books to ______ (watch) TV.
第三部分 完成句子（每空一词，共8小题，每题1.5分）
23. 请把这些书拿走。
Please _______ _______ these books.
24. 她每天花一个小时读英语。
She _______ an hour _______ English every day.
25. 我们应当好好利用时间。
We should _______ good _______ of time.
26. 昨天直到雨停他才离开。
He _______ leave _______ the rain stopped yesterday.
27. 这位科学家因他的发明而闻名。
The scientist is _______ _______ his inventions.
28. 别担心，我会照顾你的宠物。
Don’t worry. I will _______ _______ your pet.
29. 去年这本小说被翻译成了20种语言。
This novel _______ _______ into 20 languages last year.
30. 你介意我把门打开吗？
Would you _______ my _______ the door
第四部分 选词填空（用方框内短语的正确形式填空，共5小题，每题2分）
take part in, look forward to, get along with, pay attention to, come up with
31. Everyone should _______ the traffic rules when crossing the road.
32. We _______ hearing from you soon.
33. He _______ a good idea to solve the problem yesterday.
34. How do you _______ your new classmates
35. More than 100 students _______ the sports meeting last month.
第五部分 单句改错（每题只有一处错误，共5小题，每题2分）
36. I look forward to hear from you soon.
改正：________________________
37. She spent two hours to finish the homework.
改正：________________________
38. The book is worth being read.
改正：________________________
39. He asked me don’t be late again.
改正：________________________
40. Not only he but also I are going to the park.
改正：________________________
【参考答案】
单选：1—5 CACBC 6—10 CAABA
语法填空：11. had 12. build 13. is climbing 14. rains 15. had been 16. was washing 17. will be planted 18. goes 19. had learned 20. to be taken 21. crying 22. reading; watching
完成句子：23. take away 24. spends; reading 25. make; use 26. didn't; until 27. famous/known for 28. take care of / look after 29. was translated 30. mind; opening
选词填空：31. pay attention to 32. are looking forward to 33. came up with 34. get along with 35. took part in
单句改错：36. hear→hearing 37. to finish→finishing 38. being read→reading 39. don't→not to 40. are→is