(共10张PPT)
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阅读七选五主要考查考生对语篇知识的整体把握。考生在做阅读七选五时的最大不足是缺乏对语篇的整体把握，这会导致考生在分析局部句子关系时迷失方向。做阅读七选五的思维过程是：首先整体把握语篇主旨、段落主旨和段间逻辑关系，据此定方向；然后细读每段，明确句间微逻辑，据此定选项。整体看，阅读信息还原依托语言逻辑。具体而言，语言逻辑表现在主旨引领、词汇衔接(名词、代词的指示关系、转折词等)、句子和段落信息的展开方式中。
易错点1 偏离主旨：忽视主旨的引领关系
词汇复现虽然是阅读七选五解题的一大线索，但仅依靠词汇复现解题往往会掉入命题人设置的陷阱，这就要求考生在找到复现信息的基础上结合段落主旨进行判断，具体可以采取以下三步。
第一步：通读全文明主旨。快速阅读整篇文章，要特别注意每一段的中心思想和主要观点，以便于后续的分析和理解。
第二步：细读选项明特点。仔细阅读每一个选项，找出其中的关键词，并且明确每个选项的核心含义。
第三步：主旨特征巧匹配。将第一步中确定的每一段的主旨与第二步中明确的每个选项的关键含义进行匹配，找出最符合文章主旨的选项。
【典例】 (2025·全国一卷节选)
Need a break between classes or just a quick pick-me-up in the morning The College Cafe has just that，and more. 36 .
Catherine Murphy，a cafe worker in a green shirt and black hat，makes sure that each customer gets exactly what they order.She goes back and forth between machines to make the drinks.37.After finishing an order，she calls out the name on the cup. As the customer grabs the drink from her hand，she smiles and says，“Hello，how is your day？”Even when the line is getting longer，she doesn't let it get in the way of her genuine conversations.
A.The cafe closes at 9 p.m.every day.
B.She has two children aged eight and four.
C.Sometimes she arrives early to serve the students early.
E.Not only does this cafe serve up drinks，it also serves up smiles.
[解题思维] 第一段通过设问引出咖啡馆，主旨句需概括其“提供饮品＋优质服务”的双重价值，E项以递进结构精准匹配这一核心，同时为下文描述员工的服务细节埋下伏笔。
[错因分析] 尽管A项中的The cafe是上文The College Cafe的词汇复现，但咖啡馆每天晚上9点关门，属于营业时间细节，与第一段“介绍咖啡馆特色”的主旨无关。
易错点2 逻辑不清：忽视词汇间的衔接关系
为了保持句子之间衔接紧密、行文逻辑严谨，句中通常会用一些代词替代上文的内容，形成一致的相互指代关系。通过代词还原，代入验证上下文语义是否相符、结构是否完整、逻辑是否合理，可以大大提高解题准确率，起到事半功倍的效果。
【典例】 (2025·浙江1月卷节选)
Don't use ten words when one will do.
Even the most engaged and committed audience will eventually get bored.Keeping your message simple and clear will make it easier for people to understand. 38 However，they're hearing it for the first time.Keep it simple.
C.The best messages are often simple.
G.As the speaker，you already know what you're going to say.
[解题思维] 根据下文中的However可知，空后一句“然而，他们是第一次听到这些”与设空句之间是转折关系。G项“作为演讲者，你已经知道你要说什么了”与下文构成转折，演讲者自己熟悉内容，但听众是初次接触，同时，G项中的“what you're going to say”与下文中指示代词it构成指代关系，上下文逻辑连贯。故选G。
[错因分析] 上文强调“保持信息简单清晰(Keeping your message simple and clear)”，下文转折“However，they're hearing it for the first time.”。下文they指代听众，it指代信息(message)。若选 C，空前一句核心为“messages are simple”，但下文it为单数，与messages复数形式矛盾，导致指代混乱。
易错点3 结构不明：忽视语篇和句子结构特征
句子与句子之间的关系是句际关系，可能是显性的，也可能是隐性的。显性的句际关系有明显的标志词出现，这会为理解文章的发展脉络带来很大方便。隐性的句际关系则需要根据上下文的句意来推断。句际关系主要有五种：并列关系、顺承关系、转折/对比关系、例证关系、因果关系，巧妙利用这些关系可以快速、准确地得出答案。
【典例】 (2025·浙江1月卷节选)
Consider the best method to deliver your message.
If the information you're communicating isn't urgent，consider sending an email.Written communication will give your audience more time to review it，think it over，and follow up with questions. 40 .
Building effective communication skills takes time，but the effects are worth the effort.
E.You may be surprised by what your listeners offer.
F.It will also give them a handy record to refer back to.
[解题思维] 上文说明了发邮件这种书面沟通的好处，F项“这也将会给他们提供一个方便的记录以便再次查阅”进一步补充了发邮件的另一个好处，与上文逻辑紧密。
[错因分析] 上文：“书面沟通让听众有时间回顾信息”(因果关系：因为是书面的，所以可回顾)；下文需延续优势，应为顺承补充关系(如also，additionally)。E项转向“听众反馈”，与“书面沟通优势”主题脱节，未通过顺承标志词(如 also，meanwhile)衔接。(共7张PPT)
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谓语动词指的是在句子中可以单独作谓语的动词，主要包括实义动词和动词短语。非谓语动词包括动词不定式、动名词、现在分词和过去分词，在句中除了不能独立作谓语外，可以充当其他所有的句子成分。非谓语动词有其自身的时态和语态。时态指的是它所表示的动作与句子谓语的动作存在时间上的先后关系；语态指的是它与逻辑主语之间存在主谓或动宾关系。那么如何识别谓语动词和非谓语动词呢？
技巧1 看功能
谓语动词连接了主语和宾语、表语等成分，是句子的核心；非谓语动词在句中不能作谓语，当句中已有谓语动词，且不需要并列谓语的情况下，要使用非谓语动词形式。
【典例1】 (2023·浙江1月卷节选)
In the Ming Dynasty，the center was the Forbidden City，58. (surround) in concentric (同心的) circles by the Inner City and Outer City.Citizens of higher social classes 59. (permit) to live closer to the center of the circles.
[分析]
58.第一步：确定是作谓语还是非谓语动词
分析句子成分可知，句中已有系表结构“was the Forbidden City”充当谓语部分，且句中不存在连接并列谓语的连词，而逗号不能连接两个句子，故要考虑填非谓语动词。
第二步：确定非谓语动词的形式
结合句意“在明朝，中心就是紫禁城，它被内城和外城包围，形成同心圆的样貌”可知，surround与the Forbidden City之间构成逻辑上的动宾关系，应用过去分词形式作后置定语，故填surrounded。
59.第一步：确定是作谓语还是非谓语动词
分析句子结构可知，此处为简单句，Citizens是句子的主语，空处应填谓语动词。
第二步：确定时态、语态和主谓一致
根据上文“In the Ming Dynasty”可知，此处描述的是过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时；再结合语境可知，此处表示“被允许”，permit与主语之间为被动关系，应用被动语态；又因主语Citizens是复数，故填were permitted。
技巧2 看位置与数量
如果一个句子里只有一个动词，则它一定是谓语动词。
如果出现两个动词：(1)两个动词之间用并列连词(and，but，or，so等)来连接，则这两个动词都作谓语；(2)将两个动词分别放在主句和从句中，则这两个动词都作谓语；(3)句中无并列连词，也无从属连词，将两个动词按照句意进行主次划分，起主要作用的作谓语，起次要作用的作非谓语。
【典例2】 The 2021 World Winter Sports (Beijing) Expo 1. (hold) in China National Convention Center and the Shougang Industrial Park in Sep.2021，with over 500 brand exhibitors from about 20 countries and regions 2. (show) their rich resources in winter sports.
[分析]
1.第一步：确定是作谓语还是非谓语动词
句中有两个动词，无并列连词，也无从属连词，“The 2021 World Winter Sports (Beijing) Expo”是句子的主语，句子缺谓语，应填谓语动词。
第二步：确定时态、语态和主谓一致
根据时间状语in Sep.2021可知，动作发生在过去，应用一般过去时，hold和主语之间为被动关系，且主语为第三人称单数，故填was held。
2.第一步：确定是作谓语还是非谓语动词
第二空位于with复合结构中，exhibitors作介词with的宾语，“2. (show) their rich resources in winter sports”作宾语补足语，应填非谓语动词。
第二步：确定非谓语动词的形式
exhibitors与show之间为逻辑上的主谓关系，应使用动词 ing形式，故填showing。(共9张PPT)
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在完形填空题型中，词类活用与熟词生义是两大核心难点，也是考查考生语言深度运用能力的关键抓手。词类活用打破常规词性限制，如名词作动词、形容词作副词等，需结合语境判断语法功能；熟词生义则依托考生熟悉的词汇外壳，赋予全新含义。二者常交叉出现，既要求考生夯实词汇基础，又须具备灵活分析语境、推断语义的能力，是拉开完形填空得分差距的重要环节。
策略1 分析词性和语境，活用词类得新意
在高考完形填空试题中，词类活用现象非常多见，尤其是动词、名词和形容词的活用。一般而言，它们和常见的词性不同，但转换后的词义往往和原义密切相关，也有部分单词转换后的词义和原义差别较大。考生在做题时，针对此类词汇活用，首先可以从其充当的句子成分入手，准确判断其词性，然后根据语境确定其准确含义。
【典例1】 (2025·江苏南京二模)
My life used to be like every minute was rushing. My thoughts were controlled by a schedule of 41.endless tasks. However hard I tried, there was never enough time to 42.catch up.
Six years ago, I was blessed with a stop-and-smell-the-roses type of child.When I 43 . to leave, she'd slowly choose her purse.When I needed to 44.grab a quick lunch, she'd chat with strangers.My 45.constant phrase to her was “Hurry up！”
43.A.hesitated B.claimed
C.dreamed D.rushed
[分析] 根据上文“My life used to be like every minute was rushing.”可知，作者过去生活节奏很快，所以这里应该是“急着”离开，与下文女儿的slowly形成对比。rush常用作名词，此处用作动词，表示“匆忙”。故选D。
【典例2】 (2025·山东滨州二模)
Back in the day, George would 43.repeatedly ask for my cell phone number and write it down.He'd call a bunch of times and then abruptly stop because he had 44.lost the piece of paper with my 45.number on it.He calls me 10 times a day, 365 days a year.Though I love him quite a bit, I just 46 two of those phone calls a day.
46.A.answer B.recall
C.pay D.ignore
[分析] 根据上文“He calls me 10 times a day”和下文“two of those phone calls a day”可知，作者一天只接两次电话。answer常用作名词，意为“答案”，此处用作动词，表示“接(电话)”。故选A。
【典例3】 (2025·浙江杭州二模)
For me, writing has been the one hobby I've regularly returned to，49.in spite of moments of self-doubt.I've taken creative writing classes and seen significant improvement, but the constant 50 for perfection turns writing from a 51.passion into a chore.I've come to realize that this mindset 52.robs me of the joy I once found in it.
We need to recognize that it's 53.okay not to be great at something. Perfection is often 54.subjective, and more often than not, we are our toughest critics...
50.A.drive B.doubt
C.supply D.Imagination
[分析] 下文“for perfection”和“we are our toughest critics”指作者对于完美的追求。drive常用作动词，意为“驾驶”，此处用作名词，表示“追求”。故选A。
策略2 分析语境和词义，破解高频熟词生义
就完形填空对熟词生义词语的考查来讲，频次最高的是动词(短语)，其次为名词和形容词，偶见其他词性，考生备考时应有所侧重。2025年高考完形填空涉及考查熟词生义词语的情况如下：
2025
全国一卷 1.stuffed adj.塞满的 2.spare v.省得；免去 3.race into 冲进
2025
全国二卷 1.discover v.萌生；培养(兴趣)
2.down to 归因于；取决于 3.lift up v.鼓舞；激励(抽象意义上的支持)
2025
浙江卷 1.charge v.收费，要价 2.pair v.配对
3.course n.一道菜 4.platform n.平台，机会
备考策略 考生备考时可以从词汇的熟义出发，进行语义的拓展和延伸，尤其要关注多义词的生僻义，努力做到词不离句、句不离篇，提升在语境中解读词汇、把握词义的能力
【典例1】 (2025·全国一卷)
49.Encouraged, I posted more.My daily posts and the 50.visits I received became a precious ray of light in the chaos of my house.Each exchange provided a chance to 51 the landfill and to please another person I might not otherwise have 52.encountered.
51.A.remove B.spare
C.find D.check
[分析] 根据上文语境以及下文“the landfill”可推知，此处指作者用免费送旧物来代替丢掉旧物垃圾填埋。spare常用作形容词，意为“空闲的；多余的”，此处spare用作动词，引申为“免去”，表示免得去垃圾填埋场丢东西。故选B。
【典例2】 (2025·江西上饶二模)
I am not 52.opposed to change, but I am uncomfortable with change when its 53.pace has me hanging on by my fingernails.I once joked to a friend that if I were to awaken from a five-year 54 ， I'd have no idea what people were talking about.I just wouldn't understand the language.
54.A.adventure B.mission
C.dream D.trip
[分析] 根据上文“awaken from”可知，作者假设自己从沉睡中醒来。dream常用作名词，意为“梦；梦想”，或用作动词，意为“做梦；梦见”。在此意为“沉睡”。故选C。(共15张PPT)
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高考阅读理解的选项设置蕴含着命题者的思维逻辑，对选项进行“透视”可帮助考生洞悉出题规律，提升解题准确率。
特征1 同义转述
在阅读理解的题目中，命题人有时会将文中的一个或多个信息点换一种方式表达出来，即同义转述。同义转述可能会出现在题干中，也可能出现在选项中，转述的方式也是多种多样的，如通过同义词、反义词、近义词或派生词的形式等。借助“同义转述”，考生可以快速锁定答案。
一、正确选项两个特征
【典例】 (2025·全国二卷阅读B)
Ho recognizes the psychological benefit of helping kids keep up with their peers (同龄人) outside the hospital.“I actually think the medicine is only a small piece for some problems，”says Julie Good，director of pain management services at LPCH.“It's about problem-solving around what it means to have a full life.Those kids have dreams.School can keep those dreams alive by giving kids a way to learn and grow.”
27.How does the hospital school benefit the students according to Good
A.It eases peer pressure. B.It helps them live in hope.
C.It frees them from aches. D.It entertains them with stories.
[分析] B项中的“helps them live in hope”是文中“keep those dreams alive”的同义转述。故选B。
特征2 简化概括
高考阅读理解不仅考查考生提取文本中表层信息(文本中直接陈述的事实与观点)的能力，同时也会考查考生的深层理解能力，要求考生理解散落在文本各处的信息点并进行归纳整理，从而得出文章的深层含义。因此，一些题目的正确选项就是对文中碎片信息的整合与概括。
【典例】 (2024·新课标Ⅰ卷阅读C)
But equally important is the mental aspect.Reading researchers have proposed a theory called“shallowing hypothesis (假说).”According to this theory，people approach digital texts with a mindset suited to social media，which are often not so serious，and devote less mental effort than when they are reading print.
29.What does the shallowing hypothesis assume
A.Readers treat digital texts lightly.
B.Digital texts are simpler to understand.
C.People select digital texts randomly.
D.Digital texts are suitable for social media.
[分析] A项中的“treat digital texts lightly”是对原文信息句“people approach digital texts with a mindset suited to social media，which are often not so serious，and devote less mental effort than when they are reading print”的简化概括。故选A。
陷阱1 偷换概念
干扰项的表达中，仅有部分词汇在原文中没有体现或与原文不一致，这容易给考生造成“似是而非”的错觉，从而导致误选。这种干扰项常常偷换了动作的发出者、动作的承受者、动作本身，或是混淆语义的积极与消极色彩等。
二、干扰选项五大伪装陷阱
【典例】 (2025·浙江1月卷阅读C)
The concept was born when German city planners sought to plant large areas of parkland after World War II in a reproducible way that would need minimal maintenance.Planners created planting mixes that could be used modularly (模块化).In a matrix garden，plants with similar cultural needs are grouped so that they will grow together above and below ground，forming a cooperative ecosystem that conserves water and discourages weeds.
Q：Why was the idea of matrix planting introduced
干扰项：C.To conserve soil and water resources.
[分析] C项偷换了“目的”与“结果”。选文中最后一句中的“conserves water”是“矩阵式”种植方式的结果，而非规划者引入该理念的初衷，属于因果关系偷换。
陷阱2 曲解原意
干扰项来自文章中的某一句或某几句话，看似与文章表达的意思一致，其实是对原句意思的曲解。针对此类选项，考生在解题时要根据题干中的关键词定位回原文，认真分析原文相关语句，仔细比对选项与原文信息，从而避免误选。
【典例】 (2024·新课标Ⅱ卷阅读C)
...Also，there is a convenient app that provides growing data in real time.Because the system is automated，it significantly reduces the amount of water needed to grow plants.Rather than watering rows of soil，the system provides just the right amount to each plant.After harvest，users simply replace the plants with a new pre-seeded pod (容器) to get the next growth cycle started.
Q：What information does the convenient app offer
干扰项：D.Availability of pre-seeded pods.
[分析] D项中的pre-seeded pods与文中的信息是一致的，但是忽略了原文中的“users simply replace the plants with”，是用户直接用提前育种的容器替换，而不是该应用程序提供提前育种的容器的可用性信息，所以曲解了文义。
陷阱3 过度推断或以偏概全
有时作者仅简单、客观地叙述事实，并未作出评论，而一些选项却扩大作者的叙述范围，进行过度推断；或者一些选项仅针对原文中某一句话进行推断，而忽略了其他信息，造成以偏概全。
【典例】 (2023·新课标Ⅰ卷阅读B)
The task John set for himself was to remove harmful substances from some sludge(污泥).First，he constructed a series of clear fiberglass tanks connected to each other.Then he went around to local ponds and streams and brought back some plants and animals.He placed them in the tanks and waited.Little by little，these different kinds of life got used to one another and formed their own ecosystem.After a few weeks，John added the sludge.
He was amazed at the results.The plants and animals in the eco-machine took the sludge as food and began to eat it！Within weeks，it had all been digested，and all that was left was pure water.
Q：Why did John put the sludge into the tanks
干扰项：
A.To feed the animals.
B.To build an ecosystem.
[分析] 引文的第一段首句为该段主题句，说明John是怎样清理污泥里的有害物质的。首先建造一个生态水箱，然后他在水箱里放了一些动植物，最后加入污泥。第二段说明了第一段实验的效果：污泥被水箱里的动植物当成食物吃掉了，只剩下了净水。由此可以得出，John把污泥加入水箱中的目的是观察生态机器的处理效果。A项“为了给动物喂食”不是John的目的，为过度推断；B项“为了建造一个生态系统”是John为达到目的做实验的过程，属于以偏概全。
陷阱4 主观臆断
某些选项没有基于原文进行推断，而是主观猜测想象或根据常识进行猜测。
【典例】 (2023·全国乙卷阅读B)
One time my friends and I drove three hours to Devil's Lake，Wisconsin，to climb the purple quartz (石英) rock around the lake.After we found a crazy-looking road that hung over a bunch of rocks，we decided to photograph the scene at sunset.The position enabled us to look over the lake with the sunset in the background.We managed to leave this spot to climb higher because of the spare time until sunset.However，we did not mark the route (路线) so we ended up almost missing the sunset entirely.Once we found the place，it was stressful getting lights and cameras set up in the limited time.Still，looking back on the photos，they are some of my best shots though they could have been so much better if I would have been prepared and managed my time wisely.
Q：What can we infer from the author's trip with friends to Devil's Lake
干扰项： A.They went crazy with the purple quartz rock.
[分析] 作者并没有提到他们对紫色石英岩石有任何特别的情感反应，他们去那里的主要目的是攀爬和摄影，所以A项为主观臆断型错误。
陷阱5 颠倒是非
颠倒是非是基于原文信息得出错误的、偏离或有悖于原文的结论，命题人据此设置干扰项，干扰考生思考。
【典例】 (2024·浙江1月卷阅读C)
...Due to the lack of scientific proof concerning their impacts，no one has succeeded in winning a lawsuit against cloud-seeding companies.Hence，private climate engineering can proceed in relative legal safety.
Q：What can we infer from the last paragraph
干扰项：
B.Private climate engineering is illegal in Canada.
C.The doubt about cloud seeding has disappeared.
[分析] 选文最后一句信息是“私营的气候工程公司可以在相对合法的安全环境中继续进行”，而B项“在加拿大，私营气候工程公司是非法的”就是颠倒是非，推理错误；选文第一句信息是“没有人成功地打赢了对人工降雨公司的诉讼”，而C项“对人工降雨的质疑已经消失”也是颠倒是非，推断错误。
