高考英语二轮复习专题二阅读七选五第二讲依据线索词汇解题课件
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| 名称 | 高考英语二轮复习专题二阅读七选五第二讲依据线索词汇解题课件 |
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| 格式 | ppt | ||
| 文件大小 | 1.5MB | ||
| 资源类型 | 试卷 | ||
| 版本资源 | 通用版 | ||
| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2026-03-17 00:00:00 | ||
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(共53张PPT)
【图解技巧】
【典例1】 (2024·全国甲卷节选)
What is moderation (适度) Basically, it means eating only as much food as your body needs.You should feel satisfied at the end of a meal, but not too full. 36 But it doesn't mean saying goodbye to the foods you love.
A.Eat properly throughout the day.
F.For many of us, moderation means eating less than we do now.
G.That won't lead to cheating or giving up on your new eating plan.
[自主解答] _____
[思路点拨] 本题可用原词复现法解题。首句“What is moderation？”提出问题，由空前“Basically, it means eating only as much food as your body needs.You should feel satisfied at the end of a meal, but not too full.”可知，适度饮食意味着只吃身体需要的食物，餐后感觉满足但不过量，由此可知，moderation是关键词。选项F进一步解释了适度饮食的含义。F选项中的moderation为原词复现。
F
【图解技巧】
|温馨提示|
近三年高考卷中出现的这类含有前缀的关键词还有oversampled，imperfect，unnecessary，unexpected，reconsider，unhurt，unavoidable，uneventful，unfortunate，uncomfortable，unafraid，misbehave，unwanted，unaccompanied等。
it指代单数可数名词、不可数名词或整个句子； they或them指代复数名词； one指代单数可数名词； that指代不可数名词或句子； this指代单数可数名词或句子； these或those指代复数名词。还有反身代词、关系代词等。
|温馨提示|
【典例2】 (2024·新课标Ⅰ卷节选)
Not all great writers are great spellers.If you want to be published，it's vital to submit a perfect，professionally presented manuscript (原稿). 36 No editor is likely to tolerate a writer who does not take the trouble to spell words correctly.
E.Of course，a dictionary is not only for spelling.
F.That means good grammar and no spelling mistakes.
G.Dictionaries don't always give you enough information.
[自主解答] _____
[思路点拨] 本题可用代词复现法解题。空前一句“如果你想发表，提交一份完美的、专业的手稿是至关重要的”提到了完美的、专业的手稿的重要性，手稿中不能有语法和拼写错误是专业的手稿的要求之一。F项“那这意味着语法正确，没有拼写错误”是对手稿要求的进一步解释说明，that指的是上文所表达的意思。
F
【图解技巧】
【典例3】 (2024·全国甲卷节选)
Eat with others whenever possible.Eating alone，especially in front of the TV or computer，often leads to mindless overeating.And be careful about the foods you keep at hand.It's more challenging to eat in moderation if you have unhealthy snacks at the ready，like cookies. 38
E.Instead，surround yourself with healthy choices.
F.For many of us，moderation means eating less than we do now.
G.That won't lead to cheating or giving up on your new eating plan.
[自主解答] _____
[思路点拨] 本题可用派生复现法解题。空前一句“如果你已经准备好了不健康的零食，比如饼干，那么适量食用就更具挑战性了”指出，吃不健康的食物不利于适度饮食，E项“相反，你应该选择健康的食物”符合语境，建议读者选择健康的食物。选项中的“healthy”与上文中的“unhealthy”相对应。
E
【图解技巧】
【典例4】 (2024·新课标Ⅱ卷节选)
Get creative.The best way to ease pressure on over-touristed destinations is to go somewhere else.Though overtourism is described as a problem affecting the entire world，it's actually concentrated to a small number of extremely popular spots.That means you have tons of less-visited options to choose from. 38 Why not try a regional alternative or check out a popular destination's lesser-known sights
E.You can still find relatively undiscovered places.
F.You'll find yourself virtually alone，or close to it.
[自主解答] ______
[思路点拨] 本题可用同义复现法解题。根据上文的“Though overtourism is described as a problem ...less-visited options to choose from.”可知，过度旅游只集中在少数非常受欢迎的地方，游客其实还有更多选择的空间。E项“你仍然可以找到相对未被发现的地方”承接上文。E项中的“undiscovered places”与上文的“less-visited options”为同义词复现。
E
【图解技巧】
【典例5】 (2023·新课标Ⅰ卷节选)
It's something of a cliché (陈词滥调) that most people learn not from their successes but their mistakes.The thing is，it's true. 40 We're all changing and learning all the time and mistakes are a positive way to develop and grow.
F.Whatever it is，no matter how small it might seem，write it down.
G.Whatever the mistake，remember it isn't a fixed aspect of your personality.
[自主解答] _______
[思路点拨] 本题可用反义复现法解题。设空前提到人是从错误中学习；设空后提到我们一直在改变和学习，而犯错是我们得以发展和成长的良好途径。G项“不管你犯了什么错误，记住这不是你性格中固定的一面”承上启下。G项中的fixed与下文的changing为反义词复现。
G
A
(2025·山东日照二模)In today's fast-paced society，the importance of time management is undeniable.Everyone strives to learn and work more efficiently within the limited time they have. 1 Here're some tips!
When you're busy，every moment in the day is precious. 2 When you're taking the bus or you're waiting for a lecture，you can get something done.Do some research for an important project and pin some online resources.Read part of the studying material you need to cover for the tests.
Make to-do lists every single day! Write a monthly plan and include all tests，papers and courses you need to cover.Then，translate that plan into weekly goals and create daily to-do lists that help you achieve them. 3 Start with the most important one.Use different colors to indicate the importance of the tasks on your list and act accordingly.If you have to postpone some of the tasks，you'll be relieved you're doing that with the less important ones.
If you find yourself struggling with the amount of work you have，talk to your professors immediately.American professors have office hours for students to ask questions and get help.They want you to succeed，so ask for help! There are also many campus resources that you can use，such as tutors and the writing center. 4 ,
Learn how to say no.You always enjoy hanging out with your friends，but sometimes that's not possible. 5 It's okay to say no.You have your life in front of you; you can still hang out with them.At this moment，it's important to do what's right.
A.Have your tablet with you at all times.
B.Have too many tasks on your to-do list
C.Never hesitate to get help when needed.
D.But how can this be achieved in universities
E.But why should we care about efficiency at all
F.Maybe you have a paper to write or you're simply too tired.
G.With your own effort，you will find tasks are easier to finish.
[语篇解读] 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要就大学如何更高效地学习提出了一些建议。
1.D 根据下文主要介绍了在大学如何有效学习的建议可知，D项“但是这在大学里怎样才能实现呢？”符合语境。故选D。
2.A 根据空前一句以及下文“When you're taking the bus or you're waiting for a lecture...you need to cover for the tests.”可知，下文提到了在线资源，由此推测，本句主要说明获取在线资源的方式。A项“随时带着平板电脑”符合语境。故选A。
3.B 根据上文“Make to-do lists every single day! Write a monthly plan and...that help you achieve them.”以及下文“Start with the most important one.Use different colors to indicate...with the less important ones.”可知，下文提到了如何开始完成任务，本句为过渡句，引出如何完成任务的问题。B项“你的待办事项清单上有太多的任务吗？”符合语境。故选B。
4.C 根据上文“If you find yourself struggling with the amount of work...such as tutors and the writing center.”可知，本段主要建议及时求助，C项中的“get help”对应上文“ask for help”。C项“需要帮助时，不要犹豫”符合语境。故选C。
5.F 根据空前一句可知，本句承接上文，说明不可能和朋友出去玩的原因。F项“也许你有论文要写，或者你太累了”符合语境。故选F。
B
(2025·安徽芜湖二模)As technology continues to advance at an unbelievable pace，the role of AI has expanded into our daily life，influencing how we work，create and even relax.
6 Imagine a world where AI handles your household chores.Smart appliances equipped with AI can sort wash and fold laundry，while others take care of the dishes and clean the floors.
These applications can save us time.By freeing us from the routine tasks，AI allows us to spend time and energy on what truly inspires us. 7 It enriches human life by allowing us to focus on what truly matters.
AI also has the potential to bring about changes to the way we work，perhaps giving us the opportunity to work less. 8 In this way，perhaps you can trial a five-hour workday instead of working the traditional eight hours.
While AI offers numerous advantages，there is a risk associated with over-reliance on these technologies. 9 When AI becomes the primary source of ideas and innovation，the uniqueness of human creativity may be lost.
The use of AI in our lives should be approached with a balance between human well-being and creativity.While AI handles the ordinary，humans need to thrive in areas that require critical thinking and innovation. 10 .
A.The demand for workplace skills will also improve.
B.The balance ensures AI serves humans，rather than as opponents.
C.AI holds endless possibilities for more fulfilling life in the future.
D.AI can do simple and routine tasks you perform as part of your job.
E.Dependence on AI for creative work can decrease human creativity.
F.This transforms AI from a tool into an enabler of a more fulfilling life.
G.The essence of AI is to take over repetitive and time-consuming tasks.
[语篇解读] 本文是一篇说明文。文章探讨了人工智能如何通过接管日常任务提升人类生活质量，同时也警示过度依赖人工智能可能削弱创造力，强调人机协作的平衡至关重要。
6.G 下文“Imagine a world where AI handles your household chores...take care of the dishes and clean the floors.”举例说明人工智能如何帮助处理家务，此处作为段首句，应该是概括性的句子，点明人工智能的本质，因此G项符合语境，统领下文，其中的“repetitive and time-consuming tasks”和下文的“household chores”相呼应。故选G。
7.F 空前一句指出人工智能节省时间，让人专注于真正重要的事，空后一句提到人工智能丰富人类生活，此处应该是人工智能如何提升生活质量的过渡句，因此F项“这使人工智能从工具转变为更充实生活的推动者”符合语境，强调人工智能的角色转变，承上启下，F项中的This指代空前一句内容。故选F。
8.D 空前一句指出人工智能改变工作方式，空后一句举例5小时工作制，此处需说明人工智能如何实现这一点，因此D项符合语境，解释人工智能接管常规任务，承上启下。故选D。
9.E 空前一句指出过度依赖人工智能有风险，空后一句具体说明人类创造力有消失的风险，此处应点明对创造力的危害，因此E项符合语境，承上启下，其中的Dependence和上文的over-reliance呼应，human creativity在下文有原词复现。故选E。
10.B 上文“The use of AI in our lives should be approached with...and innovation.”指出需平衡人工智能的使用，此处应陈述平衡的意义，因此B项符合语境，承接上文，其中的balance在上文有原词复现。故选B。
A篇 核心单词 1.undeniable adj.不可否认的
2.strive v.努力；奋斗
3.efficiently adv.高效地
4.postpone v.推迟；延期
5.relieved adj.宽慰的；放心的
熟词生义 pin (生) vt.固定，标记(在线资源)；(熟) n.别针
核心短语 hang out with与……闲逛
长难句
分析 If you find yourself struggling with the amount of work you have，talk to your professors immediately.
分析： 本句为主从复合句。if引导条件状语从句；you have为定语从句，修饰先行词work。
译文：如果你发现自己的工作量太大，马上和你的教授谈谈。
B篇 核心单词 1.routine adj.日常的；常规的
2.potential n.潜力；可能性
3.primary adj.主要的；首要的
熟词生义 trial (生) vt.尝试，试行；(熟) n. 试验，审判
核心短语 1.at an unbelievable pace以惊人的速度
2.free sb from...使某人摆脱……
3.bring about带来；引发
4.be associated with与……相关
长难句
分析 While AI handles the ordinary，humans need to thrive in areas that require critical thinking and innovation.
分析：本句为主从复合句。While引导让步状语从句；that引导定语从句。
译文：虽然人工智能可以处理日常事务，但人类需要在需要批判性思维和创新的领域茁壮成长。
A
(2025·南京六校联合调研)We all need to give and receive feedback for our work，which sometimes can be tricky.In fact，Confucius，way back in 551 BCE，talked about the importance of expressing difficult messages well.However，a recent survey found that only 26 percent of subjects strongly agree that the feedback they get is effective and useful for their work.Either the feedback is so indirect and soft that the brain doesn't even recognize it or it's just too direct that it makes the other person unhappy and defensive. 1 ,
Ask micro-yes questions.
Propose your feedback by asking a question that is short but important.For instance，you can ask “Do you have five minutes for a brief discussion？” 2 First，it lets the other person know that feedback is about to be given.Second，it offers some space for the other to refuse.
Avoid blurred (模糊不清的) words.
3 To change this，try to say “You said you'd get that email to me by 11 a.m.，and I still don' t have it yet at 4 p.m.” instead of “You aren't reliable.”
The reason for that is that you want to specify exactly what you want the other person to do.
State the impact.
4 For example，you might say，“Because I didn't get the message，I was blocked on my work and couldn't move forward” or “I really liked how you added those stories，because it helped me grasp the concepts faster.” It gives others a sense of purpose and meaning and logic between the points.
Wrap the feedback with a question.
Great feedback givers tend to ask something like，“Well，how do you see it？” or “This is what I'm thinking，but what are your thoughts on it？” 5 Instead，try to make it a joint problem-solving situation.
Now that you know this approach，you can mix and match it to make it work for any difficult conversation.
A.This can do two things for you.
B.This makes your feedback effective.
C.Make the conversation no longer a monologue (独白).
D.Name exactly how the other person has influenced you.
E.The following four methods can be employed to make your feedback direct.
F.There's a mistaken tendency that we use vague，or not specific words for feedback.
G.Here comes a four-part approach that you can adopt to say any difficult message well.
[语篇解读] 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了如何很好地传达反馈。
1.G 上文讲到调查发现，强烈认为反馈有效和有用的人占比较小，不恰当的反馈会让被反馈者甚至意识不到该反馈或者让对方不高兴、变得怀有戒心。下文给出了更好地传达反馈的几点做法，所以此处应该承上启下；再结合最后一段中的“Now that you know this approach”可知，下面介绍的四点是一个方法的四个步骤，所以G项(以下是一个四步方法，你可用来很好地传达任何困难的信息)符合语境。
2.A 前面提到要问简短但是重要的问题并举例说明，空后讲了两点好处，所以此处应该说这种做法可以带来双重好处。A项(这可以为你做两件事)描述了这个方法的好处，起承上启下的作用。其中的This指代上文问这种问题的做法。
3.F 根据下文的“To change this”可知，空处应说明某种做法是错误的，应该避免；结合本段小标题可知，此处应该表示使用模糊不清的词汇是错误的，所以F项(在反馈中使用模糊不清的、不明确的词汇是错误的倾向)符合语境。
4.D 本段小标题讲到要陈述影响，下文也举例说明了应该怎么样去表述对方给自己带来的影响，所以D项(确切地说明对方是如何影响你的)符合语境。
5.C 根据下文“Instead，try to make it a joint problem-solving situation.”可知，此处应该讲到要让对话不再是单方面的独白，而是变成一个共同的问题解决过程。所以C项(使对话不再是一段独白)符合语境。
核心
单词 feedback n.反馈 subject n.接受试验者，实验对象 propose v.提议，建议 specify v.具体说明，明确规定，详述，详列 concept n.概念 joint adj.联合的，共同的
B
(2025·长沙新高考适应性考试)According to scientist Shirley Mueller，collecting feeds the pleasure center of the brain，but without the drawbacks of alcohol or smoking.“ 6 ，” says Mueller.“And it's also a way for the collector to temporarily let go of the burdens in their lives and find joy in the moment.”
7 .More than 100，000 years ago，our ancestors searched for stones，shells，and other useless objects just as they hunted for food.In modern times，while some people collect as a statement of who they are，others collect as an investment or a source of pleasure.
Collecting requires attaining knowledge.You have to figure out where you can find the desired items，what they're worth，and how you will organize and display your collections.Those activities stimulate areas of the brain involved in its functioning，skills that include working memory，multitasking，and controlling impulse (冲动). 8 .
On a physiological level，research in Frontiers in Human Neuroscience shows that physical objects have unique effects on brain functions specifically related to memory.Meanwhile，visualizing objects stimulates many areas of the brain.Each object is associated with a person，experience，or moment in time，and you can better recall those things because you have a reminder. 9 .Each item is a clue for your memory.
10 .Collectors often report that the friendship of other collectors is one of the most rewarding aspects of collecting.Interacting with sellers，other collectors，or even admirers of your collection can also serve as a foundation for relationship-building.
It can develop both a sense of belonging and individuality.
A.Of course，collecting is not a new phenomenon
B.It is a bit challenging and tiring for us to display
C.Collecting can be a form of exercise for the mind
D.In that way，collections act as a physical time machine
E.Collecting is a way to feel a sense of safety and comfort
F.Collecting also seems to hit fundamental relationship needs
G.It takes a long time for people to form the habit of collecting
[语篇解读] 本文是一篇议论文。文章主要介绍收藏给人在身体和心理上都带来了很多益处；能让收藏家暂时放下生活负担，刺激与大脑功能有关的区域，也可以与其他收藏家们建立友谊。
6.E 空前提到收藏可以满足大脑的快乐中心，但没有酒精或吸烟的缺点。空后“And it's also a way for the collector...find joy in the moment.”中的also a way 说明此处也在说收藏的好处。E项“收藏是一种获得安全感和舒适感的方式”承上启下，符合语境，故选E。
7.A 段落主旨句。根据空后的“More than 100，000 years ago，our ancestors...as they hunted for food.”可知，10万年前，我们的祖先就像寻找食物一样，寻找石头、贝壳和其他无用的东西。所以收藏不是新现象，而是10万年前就已经出现了的。A项“当然，收藏并不是一个新现象”能概括本段内容，故选A。
8.C 根据空前信息可知，这些活动会刺激与大脑功能有关的区域，包括工作记忆、多任务处理和控制冲动等技能。C项“收藏可以是一种锻炼思维的方式”符合语境，故选C。
9.D 根据上文并结合选项可知，因为有了提示物，你可以更好地回忆起与收藏品有关的事情，所以从这个意义上来讲，收藏品就像一台时光机，每一项都是你记忆的线索，故选D。
10.F 段落主旨句。根据空后一句可知，收藏可以加强人际关系。F项“收藏似乎也触及了基本的关系需求”，其中“relationship”与空后的“relationship-building”是同义复现，点明收藏触及基本的关系需求，故选F。
核心单词 drawback n.缺点，不利条件 burden n.重担，负担 stimulate v.刺激，鼓励 visualize v.使形象化，想象，构思，设想 rewarding adj.值得做的，有益的 A项：phenomenon n.现象
核心短语 let go of放弃，松开 be related to...与……有关 be associated with...与……相联系
C
(2025·东北三省三校联考)Glitter (闪光纸屑) is widely used to decorate clothing，arts，and so on.During festivals and celebrations，it brings joy and excitement，creating a dazzling atmosphere that unites people in the celebration. 11 It is necessary to know why.
12 The glitter you used for your decorations a decade ago probably still exists now.And it makes products that you may normally wish to recycle，such as wrapping paper，no longer recyclable.This is why the UK government has banned to put shiny or glittery cards or wrapping paper in recycling bags.
Besides，due to its size，lots of plastic glitter will unavoidably make its way into water，rivers，and eventually the oceans. 13 This has been shown to significantly impact the reproduction rates of oyster (牡蛎) and make other animals less active，more likely to be eaten and less likely to thrive.
Glitter also contributes to the increasing microplastics inside human bodies. 14 Aside from directly finding its way into our food from glittery cards and decorations，it's consumed by fish，shellfish，seabirds and other marine life，thus passing through the food chain and eventually reaching us and harming our health.
While restricting glitter is only an extremely small step in addressing the broader microplastic problem，the European Union has taken the lead in this.Leading UK retailer (零售商) such as Morrisons should be praised for taking a stand and going completely glitter free. 15 But if we are to protect our planet，no step is too small.
A.This means it gets everywhere.
B.Life in these water bodies often mistakes it for food.
C.But it is now officially banned in the European Union.
D.The materials used to make glitter are known to harm human health.
E.Growing research suggests glitter ends up back on our dinner tables.
F.Banning glitter obviously won't completely save the climate or animals.
G.The problem with glitter is that it is a microplastic that doesn't break down naturally.
[语篇解读] 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了闪光纸屑虽常用于装饰以及增添节目氛围，但因其难以降解、污染环境、危害生物和人体健康等负面影响，已被欧盟和一些零售商禁用。文章呼吁限制使用闪光纸屑，保护地球环境。
11.C 根据上文“During festivals and celebrations，it brings joy and excitement...celebration.”可知，闪光纸屑在节日和庆祝活动中给人们带来欢乐和兴奋；根据下文“It is necessary to know why.”和下文讲述的闪光纸屑的危害以及欧盟对其的限制措施可知，设空处应表示转折，引出闪光纸屑现在被限制使用的情况。C项(但它现在已在欧盟被正式禁用)承上启下，符合语境。选项中的it指代上文提到的 Glitter。故选C。
12.G 设空处位于段首，应总结概括下文内容。根据下文“The glitter you used for your decorations a decade ago probably still exists now...no longer recyclable.”可知，闪光纸屑难以降解，会影响部分产品的回收利用。G项(闪光纸屑的问题在于，它是一种无法自然分解的微塑料)概括了该段的核心内容，符合语境。故选G。
13.B 根据上文“Besides，due to its size，lots of plastic glitter will unavoidably make its way into water，rivers，and eventually the oceans.”可知，闪光纸屑会进入水体；下文“This has been shown...less likely to thrive.”指出闪光纸屑对海洋生物产生了负面影响。由此可推知，设空处应解释闪光纸屑进入水体后影响生物的原因；B项(这些水体中的生物常把它误当作食物)承上启下，符合语境。故选B。
14.E 根据上文“Glitter also contributes to the increasing microplastics inside human bodies.”可知，闪光纸屑会导致人体中的微塑料不断增加；下文介绍了闪光纸屑进入人体的两种方式，即直接进入食物和通过食物链最终进入人体内。 E项(越来越多的研究表明，闪光纸屑最终会出现在我们的餐桌上)承接上文，符合语境。故选E。
15.F 上文“the European Union has taken the lead in this...and going completely glitter free.”说明欧盟已在限制闪光纸屑方面带头，英国的一些零售商采取了完全不使用闪光纸屑的行动；下文“But if we are to protect our planet，no step is too small.”强调为了保护地球，任何行动都有意义。F项(禁止闪光纸屑显然不会完全拯救气候或动物)既承接了上文禁止闪光纸屑的行动，又通过转折与下文强调小行动也具有重大意义相呼应，符合语境。故选F。
核心单词 decorate vt.装饰 dazzling adj.耀眼的 unavoidably adv.不可避免地 thrive vi.茁壮成长 microplastic n.微塑料 consume vt.吃，喝，消费 marine adj.海洋的
核心短语 make one's way into 进入 contribute to有助于，促成 aside from...除了……之外 pass through 经过 take the lead带头，领先
D
(2025·深圳一模)Green roofs have been around for thousands of years，long before modern housing was developed.From the simple grass-covered roofs above caves to the famous Hanging Gardens of Babylon,they remained an important part of architecture. 16 , They bring enormous environmental benefits and offer solutions to some pressing ecological challenges of our time.
In the design of a green roof，there are key factors that count.The first step is to install (安装) a protective layer over the roof to prevent water damage. 17 It's essential to choose high-quality materials，as once the green roof is completed and the building is in use，replacing the protective layer becomes difficult and expensive.
Next a drainage (排水) layer，which is often made of pebbles or a special mat，is placed on top.It helps water flow off the roof instead of pooling on it.Then，a growing medium，like soil or other similar materials，is spread over the drainage layer. 18 ,
Now it's time to choose plants for the roof.Some plants have shallow root systems and don't need much water. 19 Sedum and chives are good examples of such plants.They are not only water-efficient but tough and long-lasting.
20 It's important to think about your budget.On average，it costs $25 to $30 per square foot to install a green roof.This doesn't include the cost of installing or repairing the normal roof underneath.And there is labour cost to cover.If a traditional roof costs $30 per square foot，installing a green roof could easily double that expense.
A.This is where the plants will grow.
B.However，green roofs come at a high cost.
C.Today，green roofs are gaining more attention.
D These features make them ideal for green roofs.
E.As a result，they led to the popularity of green roofs.
F.Green roof materials can range from grass to solar panels.
G.The layer also stops plant roots growing into the roof structure.
[语篇解读] 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了绿色屋顶在现代的重要性，以及其设计过程中的关键因素，包括防护层、排水层、生长介质、植物选择等，还提到了绿色屋顶的成本问题。
16.C 根据上文“Green roofs have been around for thousands of years...they remained an important part of architecture.”以及下文“They bring enormous...challenges of our time.”可知，绿色屋顶历史悠久，在我们的时代又有重要的环境效益，所以现在它越来越受到关注。C项(如今，绿色屋顶受到更多的关注)承上启下，符合语境。故选C。
17.G 根据上文“The first step is to install a protective layer over the roof to prevent water damage.”可知，此段围绕绿色屋顶防护层展开。G项(该层还能阻止植物根系生长到屋顶结构中)中的The layer指代上文的a protective layer，also 表明是对防护层作用的进一步说明，与上文prevent water damage相呼应，符合语境。故选G。
18.A 根据上文“Then，a growing medium，like soil or other similar materials，is spread over the drainage layer.”和下文“Now it's time to choose plants for the roof.”可知，空前提到在绿色屋顶上铺生长介质，空后提到在绿色屋顶上种植物。A项(这就是植物生长的地方)承接上文，引出下文，符合语境，且选项中的This指代上文的a growing medium，说明生长介质是植物生长的地方。故选A。
19.D 根据上文“Some plants have shallow root systems and don't need much water.”可知，有些植物根系较浅，不需要太多水，D项(这些特征使它们成为绿色屋顶的理想选择)承接上文，符合语境，且选项中的These features指代上文提到的have shallow root systems and don't need much water，them指代上文提到的Some plants。故选D。
20.B 根据下文内容可知，下文围绕绿色屋顶的成本展开，并强调安装绿色屋顶除了需要考虑安装成本外，还需支付普通屋顶的安装和维修的费用以及人工成本，总费用可能远超传统屋顶。B项(然而，绿色屋顶成本高昂)中的However 表示转折，引出下文关于绿色屋顶成本高的讨论，符合语境。故选B。
核心
单词 protective adj.保护的，防护的 medium n.介质，媒介 shallow adj.浅的 tough adj.坚强的；艰难的，严厉的 budget n.预算
【图解技巧】
【典例1】 (2024·全国甲卷节选)
What is moderation (适度) Basically, it means eating only as much food as your body needs.You should feel satisfied at the end of a meal, but not too full. 36 But it doesn't mean saying goodbye to the foods you love.
A.Eat properly throughout the day.
F.For many of us, moderation means eating less than we do now.
G.That won't lead to cheating or giving up on your new eating plan.
[自主解答] _____
[思路点拨] 本题可用原词复现法解题。首句“What is moderation？”提出问题，由空前“Basically, it means eating only as much food as your body needs.You should feel satisfied at the end of a meal, but not too full.”可知，适度饮食意味着只吃身体需要的食物，餐后感觉满足但不过量，由此可知，moderation是关键词。选项F进一步解释了适度饮食的含义。F选项中的moderation为原词复现。
F
【图解技巧】
|温馨提示|
近三年高考卷中出现的这类含有前缀的关键词还有oversampled，imperfect，unnecessary，unexpected，reconsider，unhurt，unavoidable，uneventful，unfortunate，uncomfortable，unafraid，misbehave，unwanted，unaccompanied等。
it指代单数可数名词、不可数名词或整个句子； they或them指代复数名词； one指代单数可数名词； that指代不可数名词或句子； this指代单数可数名词或句子； these或those指代复数名词。还有反身代词、关系代词等。
|温馨提示|
【典例2】 (2024·新课标Ⅰ卷节选)
Not all great writers are great spellers.If you want to be published，it's vital to submit a perfect，professionally presented manuscript (原稿). 36 No editor is likely to tolerate a writer who does not take the trouble to spell words correctly.
E.Of course，a dictionary is not only for spelling.
F.That means good grammar and no spelling mistakes.
G.Dictionaries don't always give you enough information.
[自主解答] _____
[思路点拨] 本题可用代词复现法解题。空前一句“如果你想发表，提交一份完美的、专业的手稿是至关重要的”提到了完美的、专业的手稿的重要性，手稿中不能有语法和拼写错误是专业的手稿的要求之一。F项“那这意味着语法正确，没有拼写错误”是对手稿要求的进一步解释说明，that指的是上文所表达的意思。
F
【图解技巧】
【典例3】 (2024·全国甲卷节选)
Eat with others whenever possible.Eating alone，especially in front of the TV or computer，often leads to mindless overeating.And be careful about the foods you keep at hand.It's more challenging to eat in moderation if you have unhealthy snacks at the ready，like cookies. 38
E.Instead，surround yourself with healthy choices.
F.For many of us，moderation means eating less than we do now.
G.That won't lead to cheating or giving up on your new eating plan.
[自主解答] _____
[思路点拨] 本题可用派生复现法解题。空前一句“如果你已经准备好了不健康的零食，比如饼干，那么适量食用就更具挑战性了”指出，吃不健康的食物不利于适度饮食，E项“相反，你应该选择健康的食物”符合语境，建议读者选择健康的食物。选项中的“healthy”与上文中的“unhealthy”相对应。
E
【图解技巧】
【典例4】 (2024·新课标Ⅱ卷节选)
Get creative.The best way to ease pressure on over-touristed destinations is to go somewhere else.Though overtourism is described as a problem affecting the entire world，it's actually concentrated to a small number of extremely popular spots.That means you have tons of less-visited options to choose from. 38 Why not try a regional alternative or check out a popular destination's lesser-known sights
E.You can still find relatively undiscovered places.
F.You'll find yourself virtually alone，or close to it.
[自主解答] ______
[思路点拨] 本题可用同义复现法解题。根据上文的“Though overtourism is described as a problem ...less-visited options to choose from.”可知，过度旅游只集中在少数非常受欢迎的地方，游客其实还有更多选择的空间。E项“你仍然可以找到相对未被发现的地方”承接上文。E项中的“undiscovered places”与上文的“less-visited options”为同义词复现。
E
【图解技巧】
【典例5】 (2023·新课标Ⅰ卷节选)
It's something of a cliché (陈词滥调) that most people learn not from their successes but their mistakes.The thing is，it's true. 40 We're all changing and learning all the time and mistakes are a positive way to develop and grow.
F.Whatever it is，no matter how small it might seem，write it down.
G.Whatever the mistake，remember it isn't a fixed aspect of your personality.
[自主解答] _______
[思路点拨] 本题可用反义复现法解题。设空前提到人是从错误中学习；设空后提到我们一直在改变和学习，而犯错是我们得以发展和成长的良好途径。G项“不管你犯了什么错误，记住这不是你性格中固定的一面”承上启下。G项中的fixed与下文的changing为反义词复现。
G
A
(2025·山东日照二模)In today's fast-paced society，the importance of time management is undeniable.Everyone strives to learn and work more efficiently within the limited time they have. 1 Here're some tips!
When you're busy，every moment in the day is precious. 2 When you're taking the bus or you're waiting for a lecture，you can get something done.Do some research for an important project and pin some online resources.Read part of the studying material you need to cover for the tests.
Make to-do lists every single day! Write a monthly plan and include all tests，papers and courses you need to cover.Then，translate that plan into weekly goals and create daily to-do lists that help you achieve them. 3 Start with the most important one.Use different colors to indicate the importance of the tasks on your list and act accordingly.If you have to postpone some of the tasks，you'll be relieved you're doing that with the less important ones.
If you find yourself struggling with the amount of work you have，talk to your professors immediately.American professors have office hours for students to ask questions and get help.They want you to succeed，so ask for help! There are also many campus resources that you can use，such as tutors and the writing center. 4 ,
Learn how to say no.You always enjoy hanging out with your friends，but sometimes that's not possible. 5 It's okay to say no.You have your life in front of you; you can still hang out with them.At this moment，it's important to do what's right.
A.Have your tablet with you at all times.
B.Have too many tasks on your to-do list
C.Never hesitate to get help when needed.
D.But how can this be achieved in universities
E.But why should we care about efficiency at all
F.Maybe you have a paper to write or you're simply too tired.
G.With your own effort，you will find tasks are easier to finish.
[语篇解读] 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要就大学如何更高效地学习提出了一些建议。
1.D 根据下文主要介绍了在大学如何有效学习的建议可知，D项“但是这在大学里怎样才能实现呢？”符合语境。故选D。
2.A 根据空前一句以及下文“When you're taking the bus or you're waiting for a lecture...you need to cover for the tests.”可知，下文提到了在线资源，由此推测，本句主要说明获取在线资源的方式。A项“随时带着平板电脑”符合语境。故选A。
3.B 根据上文“Make to-do lists every single day! Write a monthly plan and...that help you achieve them.”以及下文“Start with the most important one.Use different colors to indicate...with the less important ones.”可知，下文提到了如何开始完成任务，本句为过渡句，引出如何完成任务的问题。B项“你的待办事项清单上有太多的任务吗？”符合语境。故选B。
4.C 根据上文“If you find yourself struggling with the amount of work...such as tutors and the writing center.”可知，本段主要建议及时求助，C项中的“get help”对应上文“ask for help”。C项“需要帮助时，不要犹豫”符合语境。故选C。
5.F 根据空前一句可知，本句承接上文，说明不可能和朋友出去玩的原因。F项“也许你有论文要写，或者你太累了”符合语境。故选F。
B
(2025·安徽芜湖二模)As technology continues to advance at an unbelievable pace，the role of AI has expanded into our daily life，influencing how we work，create and even relax.
6 Imagine a world where AI handles your household chores.Smart appliances equipped with AI can sort wash and fold laundry，while others take care of the dishes and clean the floors.
These applications can save us time.By freeing us from the routine tasks，AI allows us to spend time and energy on what truly inspires us. 7 It enriches human life by allowing us to focus on what truly matters.
AI also has the potential to bring about changes to the way we work，perhaps giving us the opportunity to work less. 8 In this way，perhaps you can trial a five-hour workday instead of working the traditional eight hours.
While AI offers numerous advantages，there is a risk associated with over-reliance on these technologies. 9 When AI becomes the primary source of ideas and innovation，the uniqueness of human creativity may be lost.
The use of AI in our lives should be approached with a balance between human well-being and creativity.While AI handles the ordinary，humans need to thrive in areas that require critical thinking and innovation. 10 .
A.The demand for workplace skills will also improve.
B.The balance ensures AI serves humans，rather than as opponents.
C.AI holds endless possibilities for more fulfilling life in the future.
D.AI can do simple and routine tasks you perform as part of your job.
E.Dependence on AI for creative work can decrease human creativity.
F.This transforms AI from a tool into an enabler of a more fulfilling life.
G.The essence of AI is to take over repetitive and time-consuming tasks.
[语篇解读] 本文是一篇说明文。文章探讨了人工智能如何通过接管日常任务提升人类生活质量，同时也警示过度依赖人工智能可能削弱创造力，强调人机协作的平衡至关重要。
6.G 下文“Imagine a world where AI handles your household chores...take care of the dishes and clean the floors.”举例说明人工智能如何帮助处理家务，此处作为段首句，应该是概括性的句子，点明人工智能的本质，因此G项符合语境，统领下文，其中的“repetitive and time-consuming tasks”和下文的“household chores”相呼应。故选G。
7.F 空前一句指出人工智能节省时间，让人专注于真正重要的事，空后一句提到人工智能丰富人类生活，此处应该是人工智能如何提升生活质量的过渡句，因此F项“这使人工智能从工具转变为更充实生活的推动者”符合语境，强调人工智能的角色转变，承上启下，F项中的This指代空前一句内容。故选F。
8.D 空前一句指出人工智能改变工作方式，空后一句举例5小时工作制，此处需说明人工智能如何实现这一点，因此D项符合语境，解释人工智能接管常规任务，承上启下。故选D。
9.E 空前一句指出过度依赖人工智能有风险，空后一句具体说明人类创造力有消失的风险，此处应点明对创造力的危害，因此E项符合语境，承上启下，其中的Dependence和上文的over-reliance呼应，human creativity在下文有原词复现。故选E。
10.B 上文“The use of AI in our lives should be approached with...and innovation.”指出需平衡人工智能的使用，此处应陈述平衡的意义，因此B项符合语境，承接上文，其中的balance在上文有原词复现。故选B。
A篇 核心单词 1.undeniable adj.不可否认的
2.strive v.努力；奋斗
3.efficiently adv.高效地
4.postpone v.推迟；延期
5.relieved adj.宽慰的；放心的
熟词生义 pin (生) vt.固定，标记(在线资源)；(熟) n.别针
核心短语 hang out with与……闲逛
长难句
分析 If you find yourself struggling with the amount of work you have，talk to your professors immediately.
分析： 本句为主从复合句。if引导条件状语从句；you have为定语从句，修饰先行词work。
译文：如果你发现自己的工作量太大，马上和你的教授谈谈。
B篇 核心单词 1.routine adj.日常的；常规的
2.potential n.潜力；可能性
3.primary adj.主要的；首要的
熟词生义 trial (生) vt.尝试，试行；(熟) n. 试验，审判
核心短语 1.at an unbelievable pace以惊人的速度
2.free sb from...使某人摆脱……
3.bring about带来；引发
4.be associated with与……相关
长难句
分析 While AI handles the ordinary，humans need to thrive in areas that require critical thinking and innovation.
分析：本句为主从复合句。While引导让步状语从句；that引导定语从句。
译文：虽然人工智能可以处理日常事务，但人类需要在需要批判性思维和创新的领域茁壮成长。
A
(2025·南京六校联合调研)We all need to give and receive feedback for our work，which sometimes can be tricky.In fact，Confucius，way back in 551 BCE，talked about the importance of expressing difficult messages well.However，a recent survey found that only 26 percent of subjects strongly agree that the feedback they get is effective and useful for their work.Either the feedback is so indirect and soft that the brain doesn't even recognize it or it's just too direct that it makes the other person unhappy and defensive. 1 ,
Ask micro-yes questions.
Propose your feedback by asking a question that is short but important.For instance，you can ask “Do you have five minutes for a brief discussion？” 2 First，it lets the other person know that feedback is about to be given.Second，it offers some space for the other to refuse.
Avoid blurred (模糊不清的) words.
3 To change this，try to say “You said you'd get that email to me by 11 a.m.，and I still don' t have it yet at 4 p.m.” instead of “You aren't reliable.”
The reason for that is that you want to specify exactly what you want the other person to do.
State the impact.
4 For example，you might say，“Because I didn't get the message，I was blocked on my work and couldn't move forward” or “I really liked how you added those stories，because it helped me grasp the concepts faster.” It gives others a sense of purpose and meaning and logic between the points.
Wrap the feedback with a question.
Great feedback givers tend to ask something like，“Well，how do you see it？” or “This is what I'm thinking，but what are your thoughts on it？” 5 Instead，try to make it a joint problem-solving situation.
Now that you know this approach，you can mix and match it to make it work for any difficult conversation.
A.This can do two things for you.
B.This makes your feedback effective.
C.Make the conversation no longer a monologue (独白).
D.Name exactly how the other person has influenced you.
E.The following four methods can be employed to make your feedback direct.
F.There's a mistaken tendency that we use vague，or not specific words for feedback.
G.Here comes a four-part approach that you can adopt to say any difficult message well.
[语篇解读] 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了如何很好地传达反馈。
1.G 上文讲到调查发现，强烈认为反馈有效和有用的人占比较小，不恰当的反馈会让被反馈者甚至意识不到该反馈或者让对方不高兴、变得怀有戒心。下文给出了更好地传达反馈的几点做法，所以此处应该承上启下；再结合最后一段中的“Now that you know this approach”可知，下面介绍的四点是一个方法的四个步骤，所以G项(以下是一个四步方法，你可用来很好地传达任何困难的信息)符合语境。
2.A 前面提到要问简短但是重要的问题并举例说明，空后讲了两点好处，所以此处应该说这种做法可以带来双重好处。A项(这可以为你做两件事)描述了这个方法的好处，起承上启下的作用。其中的This指代上文问这种问题的做法。
3.F 根据下文的“To change this”可知，空处应说明某种做法是错误的，应该避免；结合本段小标题可知，此处应该表示使用模糊不清的词汇是错误的，所以F项(在反馈中使用模糊不清的、不明确的词汇是错误的倾向)符合语境。
4.D 本段小标题讲到要陈述影响，下文也举例说明了应该怎么样去表述对方给自己带来的影响，所以D项(确切地说明对方是如何影响你的)符合语境。
5.C 根据下文“Instead，try to make it a joint problem-solving situation.”可知，此处应该讲到要让对话不再是单方面的独白，而是变成一个共同的问题解决过程。所以C项(使对话不再是一段独白)符合语境。
核心
单词 feedback n.反馈 subject n.接受试验者，实验对象 propose v.提议，建议 specify v.具体说明，明确规定，详述，详列 concept n.概念 joint adj.联合的，共同的
B
(2025·长沙新高考适应性考试)According to scientist Shirley Mueller，collecting feeds the pleasure center of the brain，but without the drawbacks of alcohol or smoking.“ 6 ，” says Mueller.“And it's also a way for the collector to temporarily let go of the burdens in their lives and find joy in the moment.”
7 .More than 100，000 years ago，our ancestors searched for stones，shells，and other useless objects just as they hunted for food.In modern times，while some people collect as a statement of who they are，others collect as an investment or a source of pleasure.
Collecting requires attaining knowledge.You have to figure out where you can find the desired items，what they're worth，and how you will organize and display your collections.Those activities stimulate areas of the brain involved in its functioning，skills that include working memory，multitasking，and controlling impulse (冲动). 8 .
On a physiological level，research in Frontiers in Human Neuroscience shows that physical objects have unique effects on brain functions specifically related to memory.Meanwhile，visualizing objects stimulates many areas of the brain.Each object is associated with a person，experience，or moment in time，and you can better recall those things because you have a reminder. 9 .Each item is a clue for your memory.
10 .Collectors often report that the friendship of other collectors is one of the most rewarding aspects of collecting.Interacting with sellers，other collectors，or even admirers of your collection can also serve as a foundation for relationship-building.
It can develop both a sense of belonging and individuality.
A.Of course，collecting is not a new phenomenon
B.It is a bit challenging and tiring for us to display
C.Collecting can be a form of exercise for the mind
D.In that way，collections act as a physical time machine
E.Collecting is a way to feel a sense of safety and comfort
F.Collecting also seems to hit fundamental relationship needs
G.It takes a long time for people to form the habit of collecting
[语篇解读] 本文是一篇议论文。文章主要介绍收藏给人在身体和心理上都带来了很多益处；能让收藏家暂时放下生活负担，刺激与大脑功能有关的区域，也可以与其他收藏家们建立友谊。
6.E 空前提到收藏可以满足大脑的快乐中心，但没有酒精或吸烟的缺点。空后“And it's also a way for the collector...find joy in the moment.”中的also a way 说明此处也在说收藏的好处。E项“收藏是一种获得安全感和舒适感的方式”承上启下，符合语境，故选E。
7.A 段落主旨句。根据空后的“More than 100，000 years ago，our ancestors...as they hunted for food.”可知，10万年前，我们的祖先就像寻找食物一样，寻找石头、贝壳和其他无用的东西。所以收藏不是新现象，而是10万年前就已经出现了的。A项“当然，收藏并不是一个新现象”能概括本段内容，故选A。
8.C 根据空前信息可知，这些活动会刺激与大脑功能有关的区域，包括工作记忆、多任务处理和控制冲动等技能。C项“收藏可以是一种锻炼思维的方式”符合语境，故选C。
9.D 根据上文并结合选项可知，因为有了提示物，你可以更好地回忆起与收藏品有关的事情，所以从这个意义上来讲，收藏品就像一台时光机，每一项都是你记忆的线索，故选D。
10.F 段落主旨句。根据空后一句可知，收藏可以加强人际关系。F项“收藏似乎也触及了基本的关系需求”，其中“relationship”与空后的“relationship-building”是同义复现，点明收藏触及基本的关系需求，故选F。
核心单词 drawback n.缺点，不利条件 burden n.重担，负担 stimulate v.刺激，鼓励 visualize v.使形象化，想象，构思，设想 rewarding adj.值得做的，有益的 A项：phenomenon n.现象
核心短语 let go of放弃，松开 be related to...与……有关 be associated with...与……相联系
C
(2025·东北三省三校联考)Glitter (闪光纸屑) is widely used to decorate clothing，arts，and so on.During festivals and celebrations，it brings joy and excitement，creating a dazzling atmosphere that unites people in the celebration. 11 It is necessary to know why.
12 The glitter you used for your decorations a decade ago probably still exists now.And it makes products that you may normally wish to recycle，such as wrapping paper，no longer recyclable.This is why the UK government has banned to put shiny or glittery cards or wrapping paper in recycling bags.
Besides，due to its size，lots of plastic glitter will unavoidably make its way into water，rivers，and eventually the oceans. 13 This has been shown to significantly impact the reproduction rates of oyster (牡蛎) and make other animals less active，more likely to be eaten and less likely to thrive.
Glitter also contributes to the increasing microplastics inside human bodies. 14 Aside from directly finding its way into our food from glittery cards and decorations，it's consumed by fish，shellfish，seabirds and other marine life，thus passing through the food chain and eventually reaching us and harming our health.
While restricting glitter is only an extremely small step in addressing the broader microplastic problem，the European Union has taken the lead in this.Leading UK retailer (零售商) such as Morrisons should be praised for taking a stand and going completely glitter free. 15 But if we are to protect our planet，no step is too small.
A.This means it gets everywhere.
B.Life in these water bodies often mistakes it for food.
C.But it is now officially banned in the European Union.
D.The materials used to make glitter are known to harm human health.
E.Growing research suggests glitter ends up back on our dinner tables.
F.Banning glitter obviously won't completely save the climate or animals.
G.The problem with glitter is that it is a microplastic that doesn't break down naturally.
[语篇解读] 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了闪光纸屑虽常用于装饰以及增添节目氛围，但因其难以降解、污染环境、危害生物和人体健康等负面影响，已被欧盟和一些零售商禁用。文章呼吁限制使用闪光纸屑，保护地球环境。
11.C 根据上文“During festivals and celebrations，it brings joy and excitement...celebration.”可知，闪光纸屑在节日和庆祝活动中给人们带来欢乐和兴奋；根据下文“It is necessary to know why.”和下文讲述的闪光纸屑的危害以及欧盟对其的限制措施可知，设空处应表示转折，引出闪光纸屑现在被限制使用的情况。C项(但它现在已在欧盟被正式禁用)承上启下，符合语境。选项中的it指代上文提到的 Glitter。故选C。
12.G 设空处位于段首，应总结概括下文内容。根据下文“The glitter you used for your decorations a decade ago probably still exists now...no longer recyclable.”可知，闪光纸屑难以降解，会影响部分产品的回收利用。G项(闪光纸屑的问题在于，它是一种无法自然分解的微塑料)概括了该段的核心内容，符合语境。故选G。
13.B 根据上文“Besides，due to its size，lots of plastic glitter will unavoidably make its way into water，rivers，and eventually the oceans.”可知，闪光纸屑会进入水体；下文“This has been shown...less likely to thrive.”指出闪光纸屑对海洋生物产生了负面影响。由此可推知，设空处应解释闪光纸屑进入水体后影响生物的原因；B项(这些水体中的生物常把它误当作食物)承上启下，符合语境。故选B。
14.E 根据上文“Glitter also contributes to the increasing microplastics inside human bodies.”可知，闪光纸屑会导致人体中的微塑料不断增加；下文介绍了闪光纸屑进入人体的两种方式，即直接进入食物和通过食物链最终进入人体内。 E项(越来越多的研究表明，闪光纸屑最终会出现在我们的餐桌上)承接上文，符合语境。故选E。
15.F 上文“the European Union has taken the lead in this...and going completely glitter free.”说明欧盟已在限制闪光纸屑方面带头，英国的一些零售商采取了完全不使用闪光纸屑的行动；下文“But if we are to protect our planet，no step is too small.”强调为了保护地球，任何行动都有意义。F项(禁止闪光纸屑显然不会完全拯救气候或动物)既承接了上文禁止闪光纸屑的行动，又通过转折与下文强调小行动也具有重大意义相呼应，符合语境。故选F。
核心单词 decorate vt.装饰 dazzling adj.耀眼的 unavoidably adv.不可避免地 thrive vi.茁壮成长 microplastic n.微塑料 consume vt.吃，喝，消费 marine adj.海洋的
核心短语 make one's way into 进入 contribute to有助于，促成 aside from...除了……之外 pass through 经过 take the lead带头，领先
D
(2025·深圳一模)Green roofs have been around for thousands of years，long before modern housing was developed.From the simple grass-covered roofs above caves to the famous Hanging Gardens of Babylon,they remained an important part of architecture. 16 , They bring enormous environmental benefits and offer solutions to some pressing ecological challenges of our time.
In the design of a green roof，there are key factors that count.The first step is to install (安装) a protective layer over the roof to prevent water damage. 17 It's essential to choose high-quality materials，as once the green roof is completed and the building is in use，replacing the protective layer becomes difficult and expensive.
Next a drainage (排水) layer，which is often made of pebbles or a special mat，is placed on top.It helps water flow off the roof instead of pooling on it.Then，a growing medium，like soil or other similar materials，is spread over the drainage layer. 18 ,
Now it's time to choose plants for the roof.Some plants have shallow root systems and don't need much water. 19 Sedum and chives are good examples of such plants.They are not only water-efficient but tough and long-lasting.
20 It's important to think about your budget.On average，it costs $25 to $30 per square foot to install a green roof.This doesn't include the cost of installing or repairing the normal roof underneath.And there is labour cost to cover.If a traditional roof costs $30 per square foot，installing a green roof could easily double that expense.
A.This is where the plants will grow.
B.However，green roofs come at a high cost.
C.Today，green roofs are gaining more attention.
D These features make them ideal for green roofs.
E.As a result，they led to the popularity of green roofs.
F.Green roof materials can range from grass to solar panels.
G.The layer also stops plant roots growing into the roof structure.
[语篇解读] 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了绿色屋顶在现代的重要性，以及其设计过程中的关键因素，包括防护层、排水层、生长介质、植物选择等，还提到了绿色屋顶的成本问题。
16.C 根据上文“Green roofs have been around for thousands of years...they remained an important part of architecture.”以及下文“They bring enormous...challenges of our time.”可知，绿色屋顶历史悠久，在我们的时代又有重要的环境效益，所以现在它越来越受到关注。C项(如今，绿色屋顶受到更多的关注)承上启下，符合语境。故选C。
17.G 根据上文“The first step is to install a protective layer over the roof to prevent water damage.”可知，此段围绕绿色屋顶防护层展开。G项(该层还能阻止植物根系生长到屋顶结构中)中的The layer指代上文的a protective layer，also 表明是对防护层作用的进一步说明，与上文prevent water damage相呼应，符合语境。故选G。
18.A 根据上文“Then，a growing medium，like soil or other similar materials，is spread over the drainage layer.”和下文“Now it's time to choose plants for the roof.”可知，空前提到在绿色屋顶上铺生长介质，空后提到在绿色屋顶上种植物。A项(这就是植物生长的地方)承接上文，引出下文，符合语境，且选项中的This指代上文的a growing medium，说明生长介质是植物生长的地方。故选A。
19.D 根据上文“Some plants have shallow root systems and don't need much water.”可知，有些植物根系较浅，不需要太多水，D项(这些特征使它们成为绿色屋顶的理想选择)承接上文，符合语境，且选项中的These features指代上文提到的have shallow root systems and don't need much water，them指代上文提到的Some plants。故选D。
20.B 根据下文内容可知，下文围绕绿色屋顶的成本展开，并强调安装绿色屋顶除了需要考虑安装成本外，还需支付普通屋顶的安装和维修的费用以及人工成本，总费用可能远超传统屋顶。B项(然而，绿色屋顶成本高昂)中的However 表示转折，引出下文关于绿色屋顶成本高的讨论，符合语境。故选B。
核心
单词 protective adj.保护的，防护的 medium n.介质，媒介 shallow adj.浅的 tough adj.坚强的；艰难的，严厉的 budget n.预算