Unit 5 Humans and Nature
[主题语境: 人与自然之人与环境、地球探索]
Part 1 Topic Talk
情境活动·听说演练
Ⅰ. 话题词汇
1. West London Wildlife 伦敦西部野生动物
2. all other living things 所有其他生物
3. climate change 气候变化
4. three million private gardens 三百万个私人花园
5. the greenhouse effect 温室效应
6. the title of the lecture 讲座的题目
7. natural landscapes 自然景观
8. environmental disasters 环境灾难
9. soil erosion 土壤侵蚀
10. make helpful comments 提出有益的意见
Ⅱ. 拓展词汇
1. crowd n. 人群 v. 挤满→crowded adj. 拥挤的; 挤满人的
2. shock vt. 使震惊; 使难以置信→shocking adj. 令人震惊的→shocked adj. 震惊的; 震撼的
3. volcano n. 火山→volcanic adj. 火山的; 由火山作用引起的
4. erupt v. (火山)爆发; (岩浆、烟等)喷出; 突然发生→eruption n. 爆发
5. live vi. 居住; 生存; 活着→living adj. 活的, 活着的
Ⅲ. 话题情境
根据情境和提示完成对话。
W: Oh, Steven, have you heard the news
M: 1. You mean the floods(你是说洪水) Yes, I’m just reading the newspaper. It is reported that there was a heavy rain in some places in the south.
W: I got the news on the radio 2. while driving to the office just now(刚才开车去办公室的时候). The news says it was raining hard for several days and the streets in many cities were covered with deep water.
M: What’s horrible is that 3. the rainwater flooded into many houses(雨水涌入了许多房子). Many families could not run away in time and had to wait for people to help them out of danger.
W: The broadcast says soldiers arrived in time, set them free and 4. helped settle them down in safe places(帮助他们在安的地安顿下来). And many volunteers also took part in it.
M: If we were there, we would be volunteers, too. Do you think so
W: Yes. 5. How about donating some money(捐些钱怎么样)
M: That’s a good idea. But where can we donate money
W: Just find the answer through the Internet.
M: Yes, let’s do it now.
要点精讲·核心突破
1. flood n. 洪水, 水灾 vi. 淹没, 大量涌入 vt. (使)灌满水, 淹没
A terrible flood hit the area, making thousands of people homeless.
一场可怕的洪水袭击了这个地区, 使成千上万的人无家可归。
(2023·国甲卷)Ask the tourists from around the world that flood into Yellowstone National Park what they most hope to see, and their answer is often the same: a grizzly bear.
问从世界各地涌入黄石国家公园的游客, 他们最希望看到什么, 他们的答案往往是一样的: 灰熊。
【精要必记】
(1)a flood of/floods of 大量的, 大批的
(2)flood in/into 涌入, 涌上
be flooded with 充满
flood over sb. 涌上心头
come flooding in one’s mind 如潮水般涌上心头
【基础·练透】 写出flood在句中的词性和汉语意思/单句语法填空
①Heavy rainfalls flooded the crops. v. 淹没
②Applications flooded into the office. v. 大量涌入
③There are a few villagers trapped by flood. n. 洪水
④The blogger wrote a favorable review and generated floods of comments.
⑤(读后续写之情绪描写)After he heard the good news, a sense of joy and happiness flooded over him.
【写作·提升】 完成句子
(读后续写之心理描写)站在后台, 我感到一阵紧张。
Standing backstage, nervousness came flooding in my mind.
2. comment n. 评论; 意见 vi. 发表评论; 发表意见
(经典例句)His comment struck me as strange.
他的评论使我感到奇怪。
(经典例句)No comment. I don’t know anything.
无可奉告。我什么也不知道。
Online comments should be taken with caution, especially those anonymous ones.
网络评论需要谨慎对待, 尤其是匿名评论。
【图解助记】
【基础·练透】 单句语法填空
①At the request of the reporter, the official made comments(comment)on the local economy.
②He commented that the two essays were rather similar.
③He handed me the document without comment.
【写作·提升】 一句多译
(应用文之观点表达)对某人的外表发表评论是不礼貌的。
→It’s bad manners to make a comment/comments on/about someone’s appearance. (comment n. )
→It’s bad manners to comment on/upon someone’s appearance. (comment v. )
3. crowded adj. 拥挤的; 挤满人的 (crowd vi. 挤满; 使拥挤 n. 人群; 观众)
There were so many people that the street was very crowded.
人太多了, 街道很拥挤。
No matter where she goes, there are crowds of people waiting to see her.
无论她走到哪里, 都有成群的人等着见她。
【精要必记】
(1)be crowded with. . . 挤满了……
(2)crowd in (想法、问题等)涌上心头/涌入脑海
crowd into/out of 挤进/挤出
crowd around 聚集在……的周围
a crowd of=crowds of 一群; 一堆; 许多
the crowd 人群, 观众, 群众
【基础·练透】 单句语法填空
①It is surprising that such a thing should occur in a crowded (crowd) street.
②Everything in my childhood crowded in my mind as if they had just happened.
③He pushed his way through the crowd.
【写作·提升】 完成句子
①(读后续写之动作、神情描写)我们都簇拥在它身旁, 而且都怀着极大的惊奇。
We all crowded around it with the same amount of wonder.
②他们看到一大群人在喊叫欢呼。
They noticed a crowd of/crowds of people shouting and cheering.
4. shock vt. 使震惊; 使难以置信 n. 震惊 (shocking adj. 令人吃惊的 shocked adj. 吃惊的)
When I recovered from the shock, I looked at my camera. 等我从震惊中恢复过来, 我查看了我的相机。
The news shocked the public, causing great concern about students’ safety at school. 这个消息使公众震惊, 引起(人们)对学生在校安的极大担忧。
【精要必记】
(1)be shocked at 对……感到吃惊
be shocked to do sth. 因做某事而震惊
(2)What shocks/shocked sb. be that. . .
=It shocks sb. that. . . =To one’s shock. . . .
令某人震惊的是……
【知识深一度】
shock作名词意为“令人震惊的人或事”时, 可用作可数名词, 可以与不定冠词连用。
【基础·练透】 单句语法填空
①They were shocked(shock)at the frightening news that they had been cheated of so much money.
②They were shocked to hear (hear) the bad news.
【写作·提升】 一句多译
令科学家震惊的是, 这只海豹因为找不到足够的食物而饿死。
→What shocked the scientists was that the seal starved to death because it couldn’t find enough food to eat.
→It shocked the scientists that the seal starved to death because it couldn’t find enough food to eat.
→To the scientists’ shock, the seal starved to death because it couldn’t find enough food to eat.
5. as a result 结果
As a result, these writers never get into the habit of crossing out chunks of their draft and writing revisions in the blank space.
因此, 这些作者从来没有形成在他们的草稿中划掉大部分内容并在空白的地写订正版的习惯。
【精要必记】
(1)as a result of (=because of) 因为; 由于……
(2)result in 导致; 造成
result from 由……产生; 因……引起
【知识宽一度】
巧辨result in与result from
result in“导致/造成……的结果”, 相当于lead to/cause/bring about, 后面跟表示结果的词; result from“由……发生/产生”, 相当于lie in, 后面跟表示原因的词。
【基础·练透】 用result的相关短语填空
①(读后续写之动作描写)As a result, her mother had to return to work and Jenny was left to look after herself.
②He drove his new car at an amazing speed, which resulted in a terrible accident.
③These problems often result from lack of knowledge or understanding.
【写作·提升】 同义词替换/完成句子
①(读后续写之动作、心理描写)He was extremely disappointed when the two invited families called and said they couldn’t make it to the celebration because of unexpected situations. as a result of
②由于司机的粗心大意, 事故造成了严重的后果。
The accident which resulted from the driver’s carelessness resulted in a heavy result.
6. turn one’s back (on sb. /sth. ) 对……置之不理, 对……撒手不管
(教材原句)Nature got hurt, felt pain, and finally turned its back on us.
大自然受伤了, 感到了痛苦, 最后背弃了我们。
She turned around and saw her old friend.
她转过身, 看见了她的老朋友。
【精要必记】
turn out 结果是; 生产; 出席(某项活动), 在场
turn around 转身, 翻转
turn on 打开(电视、收音机等)
turn off 关掉
turn down 调低; 拒绝
turn in 上交, 提交
turn to 求助于
turn over 翻转; 仔细考虑; 移交
turn up 出现, 调高
【基础·练透】 用turn的相关短语填空
The party was almost over, but Jane still didn’t turn up. Tom was very disappointed. He didn’t know why Jane didn’t turn down his invitation if she didn’t want to come. He turned over the bottles on
the tables, and the rest guests left the hall in shock. Tom turned off all the lights in the hall. No one could imagine how upset he was!
【写作·提升】 完成句子
(应用文之建议信) 既然他表现出和你和好的意愿, 我认为你不应该对他置之不理。
Since he shows that he would like to make up with you, I think you should not turn your back on him.
【要点拾遗】
million n. 百万
(2023 国甲卷)With millions of people likely to take on DIY projects over the coming weeks, new research shows that more than half of people are planning to make the most of the long, warm summer days to get jobs done. 未来几周, 数百万人可能会从事DIY项目, 新的研究显示, 超过一半的人计划充分利用漫长而温暖的夏日来完成工作。
【精要必记】
millions of 数百万
【知识深一度】
(1)当hundred, thousand, million以及 dozen, score等以复数形式存在时, 表示泛指的数量, 其后要加of, 但前面不能用表示具体数量的词修饰。
(2)当hundred, thousand, million 以及dozen, score等以单数形式存在时, 其前常用表示具体数量的词或several, some, many, a few等修饰。
【基础·练透】 单句语法填空
①Sports team owners spend millions (million) of dollars attracting top talents.
②Dozens of new theme cafes appear to change the situation.
【写作·提升】 完成句子
①(读后续写之背景描写)简的帖子导致她的身份暴露, 使得这个故事在互联网上被数百万人分享和点赞。
Jane’s post led to her identity being revealed, which resulted in the story being shared and liked by millions of people throughout the Internet.
②据报道, 世界上有几百万人因为食物缺乏而挨饿。
It is reported that several million people are starving in the world because of the shortage of food.
课时巩固训练, 请使用 “课时过性评价 五”Unit 5 Humans and Nature
Part 4 Writing Workshop & Viewing Workshop & Reading Club
读写结合·思维构建
一本小册子(A Brochure)
【文本研读】
Task 1 文本概览·厘清结构
1. Skim and reorder all the parts of a brochure.
①Conclusion ②Beginning ③Body
答案: ②③①
2. Read the passage and fill in the blanks.
Part 1: Introduce (1)some indoor surviving techniques when the earthquake happens.
Part 2: Introduce (2)some outdoor surviving techniques when the earthquake happens.
Part 3: Introduce (3)some surviving techniques in the car when the earthquake happens.
Task 2 佳句品味·语言表达
小册子的常用句子:
1. Stay calm in your car.
2. Don’t try to run out of the building during an earthquake.
3. Cover your head and neck with your hands, arms or hard objects.
【写作指导】
1. 题型解读
本单元的写作任务是写一本小册子, 属于应用文, 其写作要点如下:
(1)抓住该事物的特征。对事物特征客观地说明、描述, 使读者在短时间内获得足够的信息。
(2)遵循一定的逻辑顺序。此类文章通常以空间顺序为主, 时间顺序为辅。因此, 在介绍事件, 如一场地震灾害时, 需要详细介绍地震发生的地点及危害度等, 以便人们及时掌握灾害的情况, 采取必要的补救措施。
2. 篇章结构
【语料积累】
1. 话题词汇
(1)guidance n. 指导
(2)intend v. 打算, 想要
(3)satisfactory adj. 令人满意的
(4)prevention n. 预防, 防止
(5)experience v. 经历, 遭遇; 体会到, 感受到
(6)protect yourself as much as you can
尽可能多地保护你自己
(7)cover your whole body 覆盖你的身
(8)observe carefully before you move away
在你离开前要仔细观察
(9)stay calm in your car在你的车里保持冷静
(10)drive carefully 小心驾驶
2. 话题句式
(1)Then we should try to find a safe exit to escape. 然后我们应该找个安的出口逃跑。
(2)Follow the teachers’ guidance and keep our actions in order.
听从老师的指导, 保持我们的行为有序。
(3)The firemen had to break down the door to get into the burning house.
消防员不得不砸破门才能进入着火的房子。
(4)It is very important to know what to do when you are in dangerous situations such as in a fire.
当你在危险的情况下, 比如在火灾中, 知道该做什么是很重要的。
(5)When an earthquake happens, first we should calm down, which is the most important.
当地震发生时, 首先我们应该冷静下来, 这是最重要的。
(6)When a fire breaks out, call 119 at once and tell your detailed address so that the firefighters can get there in time.
当火灾发生时, 立即拨打119, 并告知你的详细地址, 以便消防员能及时赶到那里。
【实践应用】
地震是一种难以预测的自然灾难, 懂得必要的避震措施, 可以最大度减少地震对我们的危害。学校的公告栏正在征集宣传文章, 请根据以下提示写一篇文章:
1. 沉着冷静, 遇事不惊;
2. 室内要找到遮蔽物, 如桌子下面;
3. 室外应远离建筑物, 去开阔的地。
注意: 1. 词数80左右;
2. 可以适当增加细节, 以使行文连贯。
【写作思维流】
Step 1: 谋篇布局
Step 2: 遣词造句
1. 地震是难以预测和具有破坏性的。(unpredictable)
The earthquake is unpredictable and destructive.
2. 如果你行动得当, 你可以最大限度地减少损失。(properly, minimize, damage)
If you act properly, you can minimize the damage.
3. (一句多译)以下是地震期间你在学校应该做的事情。
(1)Here’s what you should do at school during an earthquake. (here句首倒装)
(2)The following is what you are supposed to do at school during an earthquake. (following)
4. 一定要保持冷静, 按照老师的指示去做。(calm)
Be sure to stay calm and follow teachers’ instructions.
5. 如果你在室内, 迅速躲到桌子底下, 直到地板停止晃动再移动。(indoors, cover)
If you are indoors, take cover under the desk quickly and do not move until the floor stops shaking.
6. 如果你在操场上, 待在原地, 蹲下, 保护好你的头。(playground, protect)
If you are on the playground, stay where you are, crouch and protect your head.
7. 不要站在高楼附近。(祈使句)
Don’t stand near high buildings.
8. 高楼可能会倒塌。(fall down)
The high buildings may fall down.
9. 不要跳楼。(jump off )
Don’t jump off the building.
10. 如果可以的话, 帮助你的同学, 一起挺过灾难。(go through)
Help your classmates if you can and try to go through the disaster together.
Step 3: 句式升级
11. 把第7、8、9句合并为主从复合句(用定语从句和and连接)
Don’t stand near high buildings that may fall down and don’t jump off the building.
Step 4: 完美成篇
The earthquake is unpredictable and destructive. However, if you act properly, you can minimize the damage. The following is what you are supposed to do at school during an earthquake.
First, be sure to stay calm and follow teachers’ instructions. If you are indoors, take cover under the desk quickly and do not move until the floor stops shaking. If you are on the playground, stay where you are, crouch and protect your head. Don’t stand near high buildings that may fall down and don’t jump off the building. Help your classmates if you can and try to go through the disaster together.
阅读体验·能力深化
Reading Clubs 1 & 2
Ⅰ. 阅读 New Zealand, 完成下面的空格
1. How many people are there in New Zealand
↓The number of population is nearly 5 million.
2. Where is New Zealand
↓New Zealand is located in the South Pacific.
3. What is New Zealand famous for
↓The country is famous for its birds and the most famous is the kiwi.
4. What things can visitors do
↓Visitors can go hiking and camping.
Ⅱ. 阅读New Zealand, 判断正(T)误(F)
1. There are many moa birds in New Zealand and they are very tall. ( F )
2. New Zealand has a total area of about 270, 000 square kilometres and has two large islands. ( T )
3. The kiwi is the symbol of New Zealand. ( T )
4. The best place to go hiking is the South Island. ( F )
Ⅲ. 阅读Wildlife on the Silver Screen, 简要谈谈人们喜欢电影Wolf Totem的原因(80词左右)
To sum up, the reasons why people enjoy the film Wolf Totem can be summarized as follows: First, it is an original story. Second, it is full of exciting scenes, especially the one where the horses are attacked by a pack of wolves. Third, it has many great shots, for example, the grasslands of Inner Mongolia look really beautiful. Finally, it can convey a strong environmental message.
摘录文章中的好词佳句, 并补汉语译文
1. New Zealand is home to more species of penguins than any other country.
新西兰是世界上企鹅种类最多的国家。
2. It has a total area of about 270, 000 square kilometres and has two large islands(the North Island and the South Island), as well as other smaller islands.
它的总面积为大约27万平千米, 有两个大岛(北岛和南岛), 以及其他较小的岛屿。
3. New Zealand has a varied climate that changes a lot from place to place.
新西兰不同的地有各种各样的气候。
4. New Zealand has a lot of unique native animals, including fish, insects, birds and frogs.
新西兰有许多独特的本土动物, 包括鱼、昆虫、鸟类和青蛙。
5. If you love skiing, the South Island is the best place to go.
如果你喜欢滑雪, 南岛是最好的去处。
要点精讲·核心突破
1. shelter n. 避难所
(教材原句)If possible, find a strong shelter nearby which will cover your whole body.
如果可能的话, 在附近找一个坚固的庇护所, 可以覆盖你的身。
Trees shelter the house from the wind.
树给房子挡住了风。
【精要必记】
take shelter from. . . 躲避……
give sb. shelter from. . . 庇护某人免于……
shelter sb. /sth. from. . . 保护某人/某物以避免……
【基础·练透】 单句语法填空
①They took shelter from the sun under a tree.
②Some people like to buy pets from breeders, while others believe that pets should be adopted from animal shelters(shelter)instead of buying.
【写作·提升】 句型转换
The protecting wall can protect our houses from being flooded.
→The protecting wall can shelter our houses from being flooded.
2. scary adj. 可怕的, 恐怖的 (scare vt. 使吃惊; 使害怕 scared adj. 惊恐的; 担惊受怕的 scaring adj. 令人恐惧的)
(教材原句)It looks like a big, scary grasshopper, but it is actually harmless. 它看起来像一只大而可怕的蚱蜢, 但它实际上是无害的。
It scared me to think I was alone in the building.
想到楼里只有我一个人, 怪害怕的。
【精要必记】
(1)scare sb. into doing sth. 恐吓某人做某事
(2)be scared 害怕做某事
a scared look/face 惊恐的表情
be scared to death 吓得要死
【基础·练透】 单句语法填空
①The salesman scared the old lady into signing the paper by threatening to take away the goods.
②(读后续写之心理描写) As night fell, panic set in, and scary(scare) thoughts went through my mind.
【写作·提升】 完成句子
真正的朋友不会害怕告诉你做错了什么。
A true friend is not scared to tell/of telling you what you’re doing wrong.
3. originality n. 独创性; 创造力 (origin n. 起源, 出身, 开端 originate vi. 发源)
This latest collection lacks style and originality.
这本最新选集既无风格, 又无创意。
【精要必记】
(1)the origin of. . . ……的起源, 出身, 开端
by origin 籍贯为……
(2)originate from. . . 发源于……
【基础·练透】 单句语法填空
What I especially like about the idea is its originality (original).
【写作·提升】 完成句子
所有的理论都来源于实践, 并反过来为实践服务。
All theories originate from practice and in turn serve practice.
4. fall down跌倒, 倒塌
Seeing the boy fall down, I rushed to help him to his feet. 看到那个男孩摔倒了, 我冲过去帮他站起来。
I’m afraid of the tent falling down during the night. 我担心帐篷在夜里倒塌。
This festival falls on the fourth day of the sixth month of the lunar calendar, usually lasting three days. 这一节日从每年农历六月初四开始, 通常持续三天。
【图解助记】
【基础·练透】 用fall的有关短语填空
①Andrew fell behind in his studies and failed the course.
②When a man is drunk, he often falls over his own feet.
③But Wang Hui, the last to run, fell down suddenly when he took the stick from another boy.
④(应用文之传统节日)The Mid-Autumn Festival falls on the fifteenth day of the eighth month in the lunar calendar.
⑤When I was riding my bike, I accidentally fell off and scraped my knee.
【写作·提升】 完成句子
从上周起, 我在工作中就落后了。
I have fallen behind in my work since last week.
5. the+比较级, the+比较级
(教材原句)Generally, the further south you go, the colder it will be.
通常, 你向南走得越远, 天气就越冷。
[句型解构]
本句中含有“the+比较级, the+比较级”结构, 表示“越……, 就越……”。第一个“the+比较级”相当于条件状语从句, 通常用一般现在时代替将来时; 第二个“the+比较级”相当于主句, 通常用一般将来时。
【基础·练透】 单句语法填空
①The more you practise, the better(well) your spoken English will be.
②The harder(hard) you work, the greater progress you will make.
【写作·提升】 完成句子
你说得越多, 他就越不注意听你讲话。
The more you talk, the less attention he will pay to you.
6. with复合结构
(教材原句)That leaves the wolves with nothing to eat so they start attacking the farmers’ animals.
狼没什么吃的了, 所以它们开始攻击农夫的动物。
[句型解构]
本句中with nothing to eat是“with+宾语+宾语补足语”组成的with复合结构, 在句中作宾语补足语。with复合结构还常充当状语, 表示行为式、伴随情况、时间、原因或条件等。
with+宾语+
【基础·练透】 单句语法填空
①With all the things bought(buy), she went home happily.
②(读后续写之动作描写)He stood there, with his bright eyes looking(look) at the sky.
③With so many problems to settle (settle), he won’t be able to spare time for a holiday.
【写作·提升】 完成句子
美丽的月亮高挂在天空, 我们坐在一起吃月饼、吃水果并且分享我们的故事。
With the beautiful moon up in the sky, we sit together and eat mooncakes and fruit, sharing our stories.
课时巩固训练, 请使用 “课时过性评价 八”
“单元素养培优(二)”Unit 5 Humans and Nature
读后续写高分进阶
动作描写(二)—— 描写与“眼睛、嘴”有关的动作
一主题词汇
动词 look 看(指注意或有意识地看) see 看到(强调看的结果) watch 观察, 聚精会神地看 gaze 凝视, 注视 stare 凝视, 盯着看 peer仔细看 glare 怒目而视, 瞪着 peek 偷看, (通过孔隙)窥视 scan 扫视, 浏览 glance 一瞥, 瞥一眼 glimpse 瞥见 peep 窥视, 偷看 gape 目瞪口呆地凝视 lower 低垂 shut 关闭 narrow 眯起来 roll翻动 sip 小口喝; 抿 bite 咬 spit 吐出 chew 咀嚼 taste 品尝 swallow 吞, 咽下 eat/consume 吃
形容词 open-mouthed 目瞪口呆的 tongue-tied 舌头打结的 mouth-watering 垂涎欲滴的
二主题词块
1. catch sight of 看见
2. fall on/land on. . . (目光) 落在……
3. be filled with 充满
4. come into sight 映入眼帘
5. look out of 朝……外看去
6. look around 环顾四周
7. stare at 凝视着……
8. gaze straight ahead 直视前
9. blur one’s eyes 模糊某人的双眼
10. fix one’s eyes on 盯着, 凝视
11. well up in one’s eyes 从某人眼里涌出来
12. glare at 怒视
13. narrow one’s eyes 眯起眼睛
14. steal a glance at 偷看一眼
15. raise/lift one’s eyes 抬起眼睛
16. take a bite 咬一口
17. wipe one’s mouth 擦嘴
18. open one’s mouth 张开嘴
19. close/shut one’s mouth 闭上嘴
20. bite her lower lip 咬她的下嘴唇
21. burn one’s mouth 烫了嘴
22. rinse one’s mouth 漱口
23. keep one’s mouth shut 闭嘴/守口如瓶
24. mouth dropped/hung wide open
张大嘴巴
25. pig out/wolf down/eat like a wolf
狼吞虎咽
26. fill/stuff one’s mouth with. . . 用……填满/塞满嘴巴
27. chew one’s food well before swallowing it
细嚼慢咽
三主题句式
1. Her eyes sparkled/twinkled with pleasure.
她的眼里闪烁着喜悦的光芒。
2. Tina squeezed her eyes shut and bit her lip.
蒂娜紧闭双眼, 咬着嘴唇。
3. She looked her father straight in the eye and answered his question truthfully.
她直视父亲的眼睛, 如实地回答了他的问题。
4. He seemed unwilling to meet my eyes.
他似乎不愿意与我的目光接触。
5. Her eyes brimmed with/filled with tears.
她的眼里充满泪水。
6. She tried to sit up, her eyes fixed on Jean’s face.
她试图坐起来, 目光紧盯着琼的脸。
7. His eyes scanned the room as he entered.
他进入时眼睛扫视了整个房间。
8. Her eyes dropped to her lap as she answered.
她回答时她垂下眼睛看着她的膝盖。
9. Tears blurred her eyes/vision.
泪水模糊了她的双眼/视线。
10. I felt tears well up in my eyes.
我感到泪水在眼里涌出来。
11. He smiled suddenly, exposing a set of amazingly white teeth.
他突然笑了起来, 露出一口洁白的牙齿。
12. My mouth started watering when I smelled the food.
闻到食物的香味, 我开始流口水了。
13. He straightened up and looked at me, open-mouthed.
他直起身, 目瞪口呆地看着我。
14. Emily abruptly covered her wide-opened mouth, feeling as if her heart would jump out.
艾米丽突然捂住她张得大大的嘴, 觉得心都要跳出来了。
【情境应用】
Ⅰ. 完成句子
1. They laughed, their eyes shining with excitement.
他们笑了, 眼里闪烁着兴奋的光芒。
2. The boy was standing up, his eyes fixed on Mother’s face.
男孩站起来, 目光紧盯着妈妈的脸。
3. He raised his eyes and looked out of the window.
他抬起眼睛并望向窗外。
4. I was worried that I won’t get along with the new classmates. Sometimes I hardly dare open my mouth.
我担心我和新同学相处不好。有时我几乎不敢开口。
5. You need to spit out the skins and seeds when eating grapes.
吃葡萄时, 你需要把皮和籽吐出来。
6. The boy’s mouth dropped wide open, but he made no response, sitting there with his mouth hanging open, wide-eyed.
男孩张大了嘴, 可是没有回应, 他目瞪口呆地坐在那里。
7. He still stood behind his cash register stuffing his mouth with popcorn.
他仍站在收银机后, 嘴里塞满了爆米花。
Ⅱ. 翻译句子
1. 听到这个好消息, 她的眼睛兴奋地发亮。
Hearing the good news, her eyes lit up with excitement.
2. 简怒视着她的丈夫, 脸气得通红。
Jane glared at her husband and flushed with anger.
3. 我觉得每个人都在盯着我看, 让我很紧张。
I felt that everyone was staring at me, making me nervous.
4. 她看了一眼表就匆忙去上班了。
She glanced at her watch and went to work hurriedly.
5. 她向他挤了挤眼睛。
She narrowed her eyes at him.
Ⅲ. 片段续写
根据以下情境, 使用表示“眼部”动作的词汇和句式, 写一篇80词左右的短文。
情境提示: 安妮为减轻父亲的压力, 偷偷在外兼职赚钱, 却被爸爸误解。父亲在想到底发生了什么事。这时安妮进来, 告诉了他真相。得知真相后, 父亲感动得眼泪顺着脸颊流下来。
Anne’s father narrowed his eyes, wondering what had happened. Then, he turned his eyes to the door when he heard the handle turning. Eyeing Anne come in, her father eyed her up and down, confused. Though her blue eyes were full of tears, she kept an eye on her father’s expression. Anne looked at her father straight in the eye and told him the truth. When learning the truth, he squeezed his eyes shut and bit his lip, with tears running/rolling/streaming down his cheeks.
阶段综合测评, 请使用 “单元形成性评价(二)”Unit 5 Humans and Nature
Part 3 Lesson 2 & Lesson 3
必备知识·自主导学
Ⅰ. 重点词块—速记
1. one of my recent attempts 我最近的一次尝试
2. sorry for interrupting again 抱歉再次打断(你)
3. hard to measure 难以衡量
4. search and rescue vehicles 搜救车
5. breathe in a dangerous amount of dust
吸入大量有害的灰尘
6. cause death and other loss and damage
造成死亡及其他损失和损害
7. a very challenging process 一个非常具有挑战性的过
8. a battle against time 一场与时间的斗争
9. reduce suffering and the loss of life
减少痛苦和生命的损失
10. conduct an experiment 做实验
11. the total darkness of the polar winter
漆黑的极地冬夜
12. the continent of Antarctica 南极洲
Ⅱ. 活用单词—拓展
1. breath n. 呼吸的空气→breathe vi. &vt. 呼吸
2. die vi. 死亡→death n. 死; 死亡→dying adj. 垂死的
3. operate vi. 工作; 运转; 做手术 vt. 操作; 经营→operation n. 操作; 行动, 活动; 手术→operator n. 操作人员, 接线员
4. protect v. 保护, 防卫→protection n. 保护, 防护→protective adj. 防护的; 保护的
5. explore v. 探险, 冒险→explorer n. 探险者; 勘察者→exploration n. 探险
6. prepare vt. 准备; 预备→preparation n. 准备
7. anxious adj. 忧虑的, 担心的→anxiously adv. 焦虑地; 不安地→anxiety n. 忧虑, 焦虑
8. cheer v. 欢呼; (使)高兴起来→cheerful adj. 高兴的; 兴高采烈的→cheerfully adv. 高高兴兴地
9. distant adj. 遥远的→distance n. 距离
10. honest adj. 诚实的→honesty n. 坦诚; 诚实, 正直→honestly adv. 真诚地; 公正地
11. sincere adj. 真诚的; 诚挚的; 真实的→sincerity n. 真挚, 诚实; 真诚→sincerely adv. 真诚地; 由衷地, 诚恳地
12. brave adj. 勇敢的, 无畏的→bravery n. 勇敢的行为; 勇气→bravely adv. 勇敢地; 华丽地
Ⅲ. 核心短语—互译
1. on the way to. . . 在去……的途中
2. breathe in 吸气
3. in preparation for 为……做准备
4. make rapid progress 进展迅速; 取得很快的进步
5. break down 出故障, 停止运转
6. after a while 不久
7. ahead of 在……之前
8. run out of 用完, 耗尽
9. put on 穿上; 上演
10. at one time 曾经; 一度
11. have difficulty in doing sth.
做某事有困难
Ⅳ. 经典句式—悟通
1. Then came the total darkness of the polar winter. (完倒装)
接着漆黑的极地冬夜来临了。
2. He had teams of dogs pulling the sledges and all his men were on skis. (have+宾语+宾语补足语)
他让成群的狗拉着雪橇, 所有人都坐在滑雪板上。
3. Amundsen was the first to leave on 8 September, 1911. (动词不定式作定语)
1911年9月8日, 阿蒙森第一个动身。
4. The next to go was Captain Oates, who was having great difficulty walking. (have difficulty (in) doing sth. 做某事有困难)
下一个离开的是奥茨上校, 他行走困难。
5. Pulling on foot gear in the morning is getting slower and slower. . . (动词-ing形式作主语)
我们早上穿鞋越来越慢了……
6. Scott had failed to win the race to the Pole, but the great courage shown by Scott and his men made them heroes. (过去分词作后置定语)
尽管斯科特输掉了奔向南极的比赛, 但他和他的队员们所表现出来的非凡勇气使他们成为英雄。
语篇精读·互动探究
Task 1 宏观建构·把握文脉
Skim the text and fill in the blanks.
Race to the Pole
Task 2 微观剖析·细节理解
Choose the best answer.
1. Why did Amundsen succeed while Scott not
A. Amundsen reached the Pole first.
B. Scott’s companions died half way.
C. It was too cold in Antarctica.
D. Scott’s sledges broke down and his horses disagreed with the cold and the snow there.
2. Which of the following is a fact about the team of Captain Scott
A. The whole team died from hunger.
B. Captain Scott set out earlier than Roald Amundsen.
C. Captain Scott started on 1 June 1910 and marched non-stop till 17 January, 1912.
D. On their way back, they carried 20 kilos of rocks all the way with them.
3. What may lead to the death of Scott
A. Starvation. B. Being too tired.
C. A terrible storm. D. Low spirits.
4. What’s the writer’s attitude towards Captain Scott and his team
A. He is mildly critical.
B. He is strongly critical.
C. He has full respect for them.
D. His attitude is not clear.
5. What does the story mainly tell us
A. An experience of the race to the South Pole.
B. The lesson from Captain Scott.
C. The way to the South Pole can be too hard.
D. Enough food will ensure us to go.
答案: 1~5. DDACA
Task 3 阅读升华·拓展思维
1. Would you say that Scott and his team were losers Why or why not
I never say they are losers. Although they had failed to win the race to the Pole, the extraordinary courage shown by Captain Scott and his men made them heroes.
2. How do you understand Amundsen’s saying about Scott’s death “Captain Scott left a record, for honesty, for sincerity, for bravery, for everything that makes a man”
He didn’t win the race to the Pole, but his spirit made him a real hero, which inspires others to explore again.
3. What preparations do explorers need to make when exploring
In my opinion, both material and spiritual preparations are needed before the expedition.
Task 4 长句难句·释疑解难
We knew that poor Oates was walking to his death, but though we tried to dissuade him, we knew it was the act of a brave man and an English gentleman.
[句式分析]本句中but连接两个并列分句, 两个分句中各含有一个that(第二个that省)引导的宾语从句; 第二个分句中还含有一个though引导的让步状语从句。
[自主翻译]我们知道可怜的奥茨正走向死亡, 尽管我们曾试图阻止他, 但我们都知道这是一个勇敢的人、一个英国绅士的行为。
Task 5 语篇总结·主题深化
The race to the South Pole was between Captain Scott and the Norwegian explorer Roald Amundsen. Captain Scott left London to begin his journey to Antarctica on 1 June, 1910. On his way to Antarctica, he received a message from Amundsen 1. which/that said he was going south, too. Then the race began.
To get prepared for their journeys the next year, both teams organised their food 2. bases(base)during the polar summer of 1910—1911. Then came the total 3. darkness(dark) of the polar winter. The two explorers waited 4. anxiously(anxious) for spring. The first to leave was Amundsen, who set off on 8 September, 1911, with teams of dogs 5. pulling(pull) the sledges. All his men were on skis. Because of this, he made rapid progress. On 1 November, Scott left and soon 6. had(have) problems. His two sledges broke down and then the horses began to have serious difficulties with the snow and the cold. As 7. a result, Scott and his men had to push the sledges 8. themselves(them). So, when Scott and his four team members finally arrived at the Pole, they were shocked to see the Norwegian flag there. They realised that they had failed to win the race.
Then, they prepared for the return journey. It was one of 9. the worst(bad) in the history of exploration. They had to face 800 miles of hard pushing. They were soon very tired and what was worse, they were running out 10. of food. Unfortunately, they didn’t make it to their food bases. The news of Scott’s death was really shocking. But the great courage shown by Scott and his team members made them heroes.
要点精讲·核心突破
1. rescue n. &vt. 营救; 救援
They were eventually rescued by helicopter.
他们最后被直升机救走了。
【精要必记】
rescue sb. /sth. from. . . 把某人/某物从……营救出来
come to sb. ’s rescue(=rescue sb. )援救某人
【基础·练透】 单句语法填空
Helicopters rescued nearly 20 people from the roof of the burning building.
【写作·提升】 完成句子
我们来救他, 把他从河里拉了出来。
We came to his rescue and pulled him out of the river.
2. trap vt. 困住; 使陷于危险中 n. 圈套; 陷阱
(2025·新高考Ⅰ卷)You try to lead the opponent into your trap and force them to follow your “guidance” till they lose. 你试图引导对手进入你的陷阱, 强迫他们听从你的“指引”, 直到他们失败。
【精要必记】
(1)be trapped in. . . 被困于……中,
陷入……中
trap sb. into doing sth. 诱骗某人做某事
(2)set a trap for 给……设圈套
fall into a trap 落入陷阱, 落入圈套
【基础·练透】 单句语法填空
①The two men died when they were trapped in a burning building.
②They trapped her into telling where the gift was hidden.
【写作·提升】 完成句子
(读后续写之动作描写)想了一会儿, 我们终于决定给这只生病的狗设个陷阱, 然后它被抓住了。
After thinking for a while, we finally decided to set a trap for the sick dog, and then it was caught.
3. attempt n. &vt. 努力, 尝试, 企图 (attempted adj. 未遂的; 企图的)
It is worthwhile to make an attempt at the digital imaging technology, which helps to improve efficiency.
数字成像技术值得尝试, 有助于提高工作效率。
【精要必记】
(1)make an attempt to do/at doing sth.
试图做某事
at one’s/the first attempt 第一次尝试
in an attempt to do 企图做, 尝试做
(2)attempt to do/at doing sth. 尝试做某事
【基础·练透】 单句语法填空
①Not many people can answer this question at the first attempt.
②(读后续写之动作描写)We were practically jogging in an attempt to keep up with the boys ahead of us.
【写作·提升】 完成句子
(应用文之申请信)得知你们要举办中国画展览, 我尝试申请成为这次活动的志愿者。
Hearing you are hosting a Chinese painting exhibition, I attempt to apply to be a volunteer for the event.
4. damage n. 伤害, 损伤, 损害 vt. 损害; 损毁
(经典例句)Strong winds had caused serious damage to the roof. 大风使屋顶严重受损。
Once, when trying a certain trick on the beam, I fell onto the stones, damaging a nerve in my hand.
有一次, 当我在横杆上尝试某种技巧时, 我摔到了石头上, 损坏了我手上的神经。
She was psychologically damaged by her experiences.
她的经历对她的心理造成了伤害。
【精要必记】
do/cause damage to 给……带来/造成毁坏
be badly damaged 遭受严重损害
damage one’s health 损害某人的健康
[巧学助记]图解“破坏”各不同
[易混辨析]
destroy 指彻底毁坏, 所带来的损坏是不能修复的, 强调以具有摧毁或杀伤性的力量把某物彻底毁掉; 也可用于比喻, 表示希望破灭、计划落空等
damage 表示“损害, 损坏”, 度较轻, 所带来的损伤是可修复的
ruin 指彻底毁掉, 多用于美好的事物, 这种毁坏多是由自然力量、个人疏忽等造成的, 但这种破坏不指使某物彻底消失, 而是指长期损坏的结果
【基础·练透】 单句语法填空
The flood in August has caused great damage to our country.
【写作·提升】 完成句子/句式升级
①所有的科学证据都表明, 在农业中使用越来越多的化学品正在危害着我们的健康。
All the scientific evidence shows that increasing use of chemicals in farming is damaging our health.
②(应用文之环境保护)Earthquakes have happened in many places recently and did/caused significant damage.
→Earthquakes have happened in many places recently, doing/causing significant damage.
5. measure vt. 估量, 衡量; 测量 n. 措施; 尺寸; 度
(教材原句)As you know, natural disasters like earthquakes, floods and landslides can cause death and other loss and damage that is hard to measure.
如你所知, 地震、洪水和山体滑坡等自然灾害可能会导致死亡和其他难以衡量的损失和损害。
【精要必记】
be measured by/in. . . 用……来计算/衡量
make. . . to one’s measure 按某人的尺寸定做……
take measures (to do sth. ) 采取措施(做某事)
【知识深一度】
巧用measure两提醒
(1)measure表示“措施”之意时, 常用其复数形式measures。
(2)measure表示“量; 有……长(宽、高等)”时, 是连系动词, 后跟量的结果, 不用被动语态及进行时态; 作定语时要用现在分词。
【基础·练透】 写出下列句中measure的含义
①We must pay attention to these problems and take effective measures to solve them. 措施
②This line measures four times as long as that one. 量度为
③It seemed as if the suit was made to his own measure. 尺寸
④This smart keyboard precisely measures the cadence (节奏) with which one types and the pressure fingers apply to each key. 测量
【写作·提升】 完成句子
(应用文之观点表达)我们必须采取有效措施防止当地村民砍伐森林里的树木。
We must take effective measures to prevent local villagers (from) cutting down the trees in the forest.
6. operation n. 行动, 活动; 手术; 操作 (operator n. 操作人员; 技工; 接线员; 经营者)
Doctors performed an emergency operation on him last night. 昨晚医生给他做了紧急手术。
The young woman is operating a store of her own, so she has rather flexible working hours. 这位年轻女子经营着自己的商店, 所以她的工作时间相当灵活。
【图解助记】
【基础·练透】 单句语法填空
①When the machine is in operation, keep away from it.
②Having seen the X-ray, the doctor decided to operate on the patient.
【写作·提升】 完成句子
①新规定从下周起实施。
The new rules come/go into operation from next week.
②这是一个很好的计划, 而他正是实施这个计划的人选。
It’s a wonderful scheme, and he’s just the man to bring/put it into operation.
7. protection n. 保护; 防护 (protect vt. 保护)
(教材原句)You’ve told us a lot about how you conduct rescue attempts, but could you please tell us more about protection
你已经告诉了我们很多关于你是如何进行救援尝试的, 但你能告诉我们更多关于保护的信息吗
【精要必记】
(1)under the protection of sb. =under sb. ’s protection 在某人的保护下
(2)protect. . . against/from. . . 保护……免受……
[巧学助记]
图文助记protect, guard和defend
[易混辨析]
protect 指采取一定措施, 使用某些器具以保护人或物免遭损害, 使用广泛
defend 着重指用武力抵御攻击和侵犯。另表示“为……辩护”
guard 强调通过看守警戒, 以确保安
【基础·练透】 单句语法填空
①Little children live under the protection of their parents.
②They huddled together to protect themselves from the wind.
③In a word, each of us should attach more importance to the sight protection(protect).
【写作·提升】 完成句子
(读后续写之动作描写)她用手遮住太阳以保护她的眼睛。
She protected her eyes from the sun with her hands.
8. breathe vi. &vt. 呼吸 (breath n. 呼吸)
(教材原句)This is because shouting can cause you to breathe in a dangerous amount of dust.
这是因为大喊大叫会让你吸入大量危险的灰尘。
When we paused to catch our breath, Steve got down on one knee.
当我们停下来喘口气时, 史蒂夫单膝跪地。
【精要必记】
(1)breathe in 吸气
breathe out 呼气
(2)hold one’s breath 屏住呼吸
catch one’s breath 喘息; 屏息
lose one’s breath 喘不过气来
take a deep breath 深呼吸
(3)out of breath 上气不接下气
【基础·练透】 单句语法填空
①The higher they went, the more difficult it was to breathe (breath).
②We lifted our heads to breathe in the fresh, clear air.
③By the time I got to the top of the hill, I was quite out of breath.
【写作·提升】 完成句子
①那位老人上楼时总是气喘吁吁的。
While climbing up the stairs the old man always loses his breath.
②埃文斯先生宣读考试成绩时, 我们都屏息静听。
We all held our breath while Mr Evans read the exam results.
9. break down停止运转, 出故障; (身体等)垮掉; 失败; 使分解
(教材原句)First, his two sledges broke down and then the horses began to have serious difficulties with the snow and the cold. 先是他的两辆雪橇坏了, 后来马匹开始在大雪和严寒的天气下出现严重问题。
The plastic can take hundreds of years to break down. 塑料需要几百年才能分解。
Armed conflict may break out at any moment.
武装冲突一触即发。
There was no one nearby who might see him trying to break into the house.
附近没有人可能会看见他试图闯入房子里。
【图解助记】
【基础·练透】 写出下列句中break down的含义/用break的有关短语填空
①His health broke down at last; I think it was because he had overworked. 垮掉
②The two countries are going to meet to break down some barriers to trade between them. 消除
③Sugar and starch(淀粉)are broken down in the stomach. 分解
④For example, if you were late because your car broke down, maybe you need to have your car examined more regularly. 出故障
⑤He predicted that a war would break out.
⑥They broke in and made off with all the furniture.
⑦They had no choice but to break up.
10. 完倒装
(教材原句)Then came the total darkness of the polar winter. 接着漆黑的极地冬夜来临了。
[句型解构]
该句为完倒装语序, 主语为the total darkness of the polar winter, 谓语为came。
所谓完倒装, 就是将谓语动词置于主语前。构成完倒装的条件:
(1)表示地点的副词here, there, up, down, out, in, away; 表示时间的副词now, then; 表语以及表示地点的介词短语位于句首。
(2)句子的谓语动词是系动词be或come, go, lie, stand等不及物动词。
(3)句子的主语是名词。
【知识延伸】
(1)这种完倒装结构的时态只限于一般现在时或一般过去时。
(2)谓语动词的单复数视后面主语的单复数而定。
(3)主语为代词时句子不使用完倒装。
【基础·练透】 单句语法填空
①Standing(stand) inside the classroom is my English teacher.
②At the foot of the mountain lies(lie) an old village which has a beautiful view.
【写作·提升】 完成句子
①在桥的附近有两间古老的茅舍。
Near the bridge were two old cottages.
②当我们中国人在国外需要帮助的时候, (记得)我们身后永远有一个强大的祖国。
When we Chinese need help in a foreign land, at our back stands a strong motherland forever.
11. have+宾语十宾语补足语
(教材原句)He had teams of dogs pulling the sledges and all his men were on skis.
他让成群的狗拉着雪橇, 所有人都坐在滑雪板上。
[句型解构]
本句使用了“have+宾语+宾语补足语”, 其中have是使役动词, 意为“使, 叫, 让”。
【基础·练透】 单句语法填空
①Doctors tried to have him breathing(breathe), but it was too late.
②As we left we had a photograph taken(take)together.
【写作·提升】 完成句子
(读后续写之动作、神情描写)Richard在听到这个坏消息后很沮丧, 双臂交叉。
Richard felt upset and had his arms crossed after hearing the bad news.
【要点拾遗】
1. conduct vt. 实施; 进行; 执行 vi. & vt. 指挥 n. 行为举止; 实施办法
(应用文之活动报道)Recently, we conducted a survey on short-sightedness among the fifty students in our class. 最近, 我们在我们班的50名学生中进行了一项关于近视的调查。
We condemned him for his bad conduct.
我们因为他行为不良而指责他。
【图解助记】
【基础·练透】 单句语法填空
①The orchestra is conducted(conduct)by John Williams.
②He conducted himself(he)far better than expected.
【写作·提升】 完成句子
①此外, 我想对潜在买家进行调查。
Moreover, I would like to conduct a survey on the potential buyers.
②孩子们因品行端正而受奖励。
The children were rewarded for good conduct.
2. preparation n. 预备, 准备 (prepare vt. 把……准备好 prepared adj. 准备好的; 愿意(做……)的)
(教材原句)During the polar summer of 1910—1911, both teams organised food bases in preparation for their journeys the next year.
在1910—1911年的极地的夏季, 两支队伍都建了食品储备点, 为来年的旅做准备。
I used to keep hens when I was younger and had to prepare their breakfast each morning before I went to school.
我过去小时候养过母鸡, 每天早晨上学前都要为它们准备早餐。
【精要必记】
(1)make preparations for 为……做准备
in preparation for 准备
(2)prepare for 为……做准备
prepare sb. for sth. 使某人为某事做准备
be prepared for 为……做准备
【基础·练透】 单句语法填空
①Students are busy reviewing their lessons in preparation for the final exams.
②We are making preparations (prepare) for the coming exam.
③Studying hard isn’t always fun, but I’ll be well prepared (prepare) for university or whatever else comes in the future.
④Knowing you are still wondering how to prepare for the Chinese song contest, I would like to give some advice.
【写作·提升】 完成句子
虽然这些单词很难, 但我已经做好了充分的准备去记忆它们。
Although the words are difficult, I am well prepared to remember them.
3. run out(of)用完; 耗尽
(教材原句)Well, I’d love to know more, but, unfortunately, we’ve run out of time. 嗯, 我很想知道更多, 但不幸的是, 我们已经没有时间了。
【精要必记】
run across 偶然遇到
run after 追逐; 追踪
run into 撞上; 偶然碰见
【基础·练透】 单句语法填空
①(读后续写之背景描写)I lasted over a week, living in a dirty hotel until my money started to run out.
②The taxi ran into the bike and the man on the bike was thrown off.
③I ran across one of my old friends when I was walking in the street the other day.
【词汇要点微练】
Ⅰ. 熟词生义
1. The sport has a strict code of conduct. 行为规范
2. Most of the food we buy is processed in some way. 加工; 处理
Ⅱ. 词缀微练
-ly常用于形容词后构成副词
1. 根据构词法和所给例词填空
anxious adj. →anxiously adv. 焦虑地; 不安地
(1)short adj. →shortly adv. 不久, 很快
(2)immediate adj. →immediately adv. 立即, 马上
(3)ultimate adj. →ultimately adv. 最终, 最后
2. 根据构词法填写所给词的正确形式
(1)(2024·新高考Ⅰ卷·阅读理解B)“I am not crazy, ” says Dr. William Farber, shortly(short)after performing acupuncture (针灸)on a rabbit.
(2)(2025·八省联考·阅读理解D)Half of the exercisers did circuit training on an exercise bike for 35 minutes immediately (immediate)after the test.
(3)(2024·北京高考·阅读理解C)The 18th-century philosopher Kant argued that the universe ultimately(ultimate) consists of things-in-themselves that are unknowable.
Ⅲ. 翻译句子
1. (2023·新高考Ⅰ卷·阅读理解C)You’ll hear these participants’ stories and learn what strategies worked well for them, and what traps they encountered that you should avoid.
你将会听到这些参与者的故事, 并了解到哪些策对他们很有效, 以及他们遇到了哪些你应该避免的陷阱。
2. (2022·新高考Ⅱ卷·阅读理解C)Yet the problem, by just about any measure, appears to be getting worse.
然而, 以任何衡量标准, 问题似乎都变得越来越糟。
3. (2022·国甲卷·完形填空)And then in late November, Tilly had an operation on her leg.
11月下旬, 蒂莉的腿做了手术。
4. (2024·国甲卷·阅读理解C)The annual arrival of the Saint Lukas is another attempt to improve the situation.
圣卢卡斯号每年的抵达是改善这种情况的又一尝试。
语法精研·学思悟透
后缀(Suffixes)
【教材自主探究】
观察下列课文原句中的黑体词的构成并仿照填空
1. What preparations do they need to make
(prepare v. +-ation→preparation n. )
2. Scott and Amundsen waited anxiously for spring.
(anxious adj. +-ly→anxiously adv. )
3. The return journey was one of the worst in the history of exploration.
(explore v. +-ation→exploration n. )
4. . . . we are unendlingly cheerful, but what each man feels in his heart I can only guess.
(cheer n. +-ful→cheerful adj. )
【语法精要点拨】
后缀是一种重要的构词法, 通过后缀常常可以判断出一个词的词性。一个英语单词可以分为三个部分: 前缀(prefix), 词干(stem)及后缀(suffix)。单词中位于词干前面的部分就是前缀。前缀, 可以改变单词的意思。在语言学里, 后缀, 又称词尾, 是一种后置于其他词素后的词缀。常见的后缀有:
名词后缀 Example
-ability, -ibility 表示“性能, 性质” possibility 可能性 probability 可能性
-er/-ar/-ur/-eer/-ier 表示“……的人/物” fighter 战士, 战斗机 radar 雷达
-hood 表示“身份, 状况, 性质” childhood 儿童期 brotherhood 手足之情
manhood 男子气概 neighborhood 邻里
-ion/-ation表示“情况, 状态” indication 指示 relaxation 放松
-ism表示“……主义, 行为, ……学, ……派” capitalism 资本主义 adventurism 冒险主义
realism 现实主义 tourism 旅游
-ist表示“……者, ……家” romanticist 浪漫主义作家 economist 经济学家
socialist 社会主义者 dentist 牙科医生
-ment表示“行为, 状态, 性质” improvement 改良, 进步 government 政府
movement 运动 management 管理
-ness表示“状态, 性质” eagerness 渴望 carelessness 粗心
darkness 黑暗 kindness 仁慈
-ship表示“状态, 状况, 身份, 技艺, 技能” friendship 友谊 partnership 合作伙伴
hardship 苦难 doctorship 博士学位
动词后缀 Example
-en表示“使变成” harden使变硬 shorten使变短
形容词后缀 Example
-able表示 “可……的, 能……的” acceptable 可接受的 readable 可读(认)的
estimable值得敬重的
-al表示“具 有……性质的” colonial 殖民的 natural 自然的
personal 个人的 professional 专业的
-ant, -ent表示“……的” distant 遥远的 different 不同的
-ful表示“充满……” colorful 丰富多彩的 grateful 感谢的
-ish表示 “像……一般的” childish 幼稚的 bookish 书生气的
-ive表示“有……性质的, 有……作用的” instructive 有教育意义的 offensive 进攻性的
protective保护的 productive 生产的
-less表示“没 有……的” jobless 失业的 tireless 不倦的
fearless 无畏的 useless 无用的
-like表示“有……性质的, 像……的” childlike 孩子般的 warlike 好战的
dreamlike 梦一般的 humanlike 像人类的
-ly表示“如……的, 有……特性的” manly 男子气概的 lovely 可爱的
lively 有生气的, 精力充沛的 friendly 友好的
-some表示“易于……的, 有……倾向的” burdensome 累赘的, 沉重的 troublesome 麻烦的
wholesome 有益健康的 lonesome 孤独的
-y表示“充满, 包含” clumsy 笨拙的 tricky 狡猾的
irony 钢铁般的 rainy 下雨的
副词后缀 Example
-ly表示“以……式” happily高兴地 successfully 成功地
-ward, -wards 表示“向” upwards 向上 outwards 向外
【即学活用】 用所给单词的适当形式填空
(1)Mary was very sad at the news, so she looked sadly at her husband, her eyes full of sadness. (sad)
(2)He played football very well and he was one of the best players in yesterday’s football match. (play)
(3)Edison was a great inventor. During his life he had many inventions. (invent)
(4)You are so kind to help me. Thank you for your kindness. (kind)
(5)(2022·新高考Ⅱ卷)I had brought a children’s book to read. It had simple words and colorful(color)pictures—a perfect match for his age.
(6)(2022·国甲卷)Knowing some tips will help ensure that you have an enjoyable(enjoy)meal with friends or family—no matter where you are in the world.
(7)I practised singing in the bedroom every day to remain at my best and be competitive(compete)for roles; my brother would meditate on a window seat.
(8)By planning ahead and keeping calm during an earthquake, you can greatly increase your chances of survival(survive)without injury.
(9)Suddenly there was a small movement(move).
(10)People were amazed by the endless(end)view in front of our eyes, so was I.
(11)I had to help her regain her ability(able)to restart an independent life.
【语法要点微练】
Ⅰ. 写出下列加黑词的词性及后缀
1. (2023·新高考Ⅰ卷·阅读理解D)Most frequently, the groups reported that they “shared arguments and reasoned together. ” 名词, -ment
2. (2023·新高考Ⅱ卷·阅读理解D)They surveyed several hundred park-goers, asking them to submit a written summary online of a meaningful interaction they had with nature in the park. 形容词, -ful
3. (2024·新高考Ⅰ卷·阅读理解C)Audio (音频) and video can feel more engaging than text, and so university teachers increasingly turn to these technologies. 副词, -ly
Ⅱ. 单句语法填空
1. (2025·八省联考·七选五)As a Friend, your membership provides essential annual support to help sustain the continued excellence and diversity (diverse) of the Museum’s educational programs.
2. (2024·国甲卷·七选五)Eating alone, specially in front of the TV or computer, often leads to mindless (mind)overeating.
3. (2024·新高考Ⅱ卷·完形填空)Each town has its own traditional (tradition)dish, and every family keeps a recipe passed from one generation to another.
4. (2024·新高考Ⅰ卷· 语法填空)The latest engineering techniques are applied to create this protective (protect)functional structure that is also beautiful.
Ⅲ. 单句写作
1. (2023·国甲卷· 语法填空)Different from traditional fables, Carson’s story ends with an accusation instead of a moral.
与传统寓言不同, 卡森的故事以指控而不是道德结束。
2. (2023·新高考Ⅰ卷·完形填空)Bailey took her arm to see if she could walk forward with aid.
贝利挽着她的胳膊, 看看她能不能在帮助下向前走。
3. (2023·新高考Ⅰ卷·阅读理解B)You put organisms in new relationships and observe what’s happening.
你把生物体放在新的关系中, 然后观察正在发生的事情。
4. (2022·国乙卷·阅读理解C)The more regularly they can be inspected, the more railway safety, reliability and on-time performance will be improved.
铁路越定期被检查, 它们的安性、可靠性和准点率就会越高。
课时巩固训练, 请使用 “课时过性评价 七”(共29张PPT)
Unit 5 Humans and Nature
[主题语境: 人与自然之人与环境、地球探索]
Part 1 Topic Talk
01
02
情境活动·听说演练
要点精讲·核心突破
01
情境活动·听说演练
Ⅰ. 话题词汇
1. West London ________ 伦敦西部野生动物
2. all other ______ things 所有其他生物
3. _______ change 气候变化
4. three _______ private gardens 三百万个私人花园
5. the ___________ effect 温室效应
6. the ____ of the _______ 讲座的题目
7. natural __________ 自然景观
Wildlife
living
climate
million
greenhouse
title
lecture
landscapes
8. environmental ________ 环境灾难
9. ____ erosion 土壤侵蚀
10. make helpful __________ 提出有益的意见
disasters
soil
comments
Ⅱ. 拓展词汇
1. ______ n. 人群 v. 挤满→________ adj. 拥挤的; 挤满人的
2. ______ vt. 使震惊; 使难以置信→shocking adj. 令人震惊的→________
adj. 震惊的; 震撼的
3. volcano n. 火山→________ adj. 火山的; 由火山作用引起的
4. erupt v. (火山)爆发; (岩浆、烟等)喷出; 突然发生→________ n. 爆发
5. live vi. 居住; 生存; 活着→______ adj. 活的, 活着的
crowd
crowded
shock
shocked
volcanic
eruption
living
Ⅲ. 话题情境
根据情境和提示完成对话。
W: Oh, Steven, have you heard the news
M: 1. __________________(你是说洪水) Yes, I’m just reading the newspaper. It is
reported that there was a heavy rain in some places in the south.
W: I got the news on the radio 2. _______________________________(刚才开车去办公
室的时候). The news says it was raining hard for several days and the streets in many cities
were covered with deep water.
M: What’s horrible is that 3. ___________________________________(雨水涌入了许多
房子). Many families could not run away in time and had to wait for people to help them
out of danger.
You mean the floods
while driving to the office just now
the rainwater flooded into many houses
W: The broadcast says soldiers arrived in time, set them free and 4. _______
____________________________(帮助他们在安的地安顿下来).
And many volunteers also took part in it.
M: If we were there, we would be volunteers, too. Do you think so
W: Yes. 5. ______________________________(捐些钱怎么样)
M: That’s a good idea. But where can we donate money
W: Just find the answer through the Internet.
M: Yes, let’s do it now.
helped
settle them down in safe places
How about donating some money
02
要点精讲·核心突破
1. flood n. 洪水, 水灾 vi. 淹没, 大量涌入 vt. (使)灌满水, 淹没
A terrible flood hit the area, making thousands of people homeless.
一场可怕的洪水袭击了这个地区, 使成千上万的人无家可归。
(2023·国甲卷)Ask the tourists from around the world that flood into
Yellowstone National Park what they most hope to see, and their answer is
often the same: a grizzly bear.
问从世界各地涌入黄石国家公园的游客, 他们最希望看到什么, 他们的答
案往往是一样的: 灰熊。
【精要必记】
(1)a flood of/floods of 大量的, 大批的
(2)flood in/into 涌入, 涌上
be flooded with 充满
flood over sb. 涌上心头
come flooding in one’s mind 如潮水般涌上心头
【基础·练透】 写出flood在句中的词性和汉语意思/单句语法填空
①Heavy rainfalls flooded the crops. _______
②Applications flooded into the office. ___________
③There are a few villagers trapped by flood. _______
④The blogger wrote a favorable review and generated floods ___ comments.
⑤(读后续写之情绪描写)After he heard the good news, a sense of joy and happiness
flooded _____ him.
【写作·提升】 完成句子
(读后续写之心理描写)站在后台, 我感到一阵紧张。
Standing backstage, nervousness _______________________.
v. 淹没
v. 大量涌入
n. 洪水
of
over
came flooding in my mind
2. comment n. 评论; 意见 vi. 发表评论; 发表意见
(经典例句)His comment struck me as strange.
他的评论使我感到奇怪。
(经典例句)No comment. I don’t know anything.
无可奉告。我什么也不知道。
Online comments should be taken with caution, especially those anonymous
ones.
网络评论需要谨慎对待, 尤其是匿名评论。
【图解助记】
【基础·练透】 单句语法填空
①At the request of the reporter, the official made __________(comment)on the
local economy.
②He commented ____ the two essays were rather similar.
③He handed me the document ________ comment.
【写作·提升】 一句多译
(应用文之观点表达)对某人的外表发表评论是不礼貌的。
→It’s bad manners to __________________________________________
___________. (comment n. )
→It’s bad manners to ____________________________________. (comment v. )
comments
that
without
make a comment/comments on/about someone’s
appearance
comment on/upon someone’s appearance
3. crowded adj. 拥挤的; 挤满人的 (crowd vi. 挤满; 使拥挤 n. 人群; 观众)
There were so many people that the street was very crowded.
人太多了, 街道很拥挤。
No matter where she goes, there are crowds of people waiting to see her.
无论她走到哪里, 都有成群的人等着见她。
【精要必记】
(1)be crowded with. . . 挤满了……
(2)crowd in (想法、问题等)涌上心头/涌入脑海
crowd into/out of 挤进/挤出
crowd around 聚集在……的周围
a crowd of=crowds of 一群; 一堆; 许多
the crowd 人群, 观众, 群众
【基础·练透】 单句语法填空
①It is surprising that such a thing should occur in a ________ (crowd) street.
②Everything in my childhood crowded ___ my mind as if they had just happened.
③He pushed his way through ____ crowd.
【写作·提升】 完成句子
①(读后续写之动作、神情描写)我们都簇拥在它身旁, 而且都怀着极大的惊奇。
We all _________________ with the same amount of wonder.
②他们看到一大群人在喊叫欢呼。
They noticed _________________________ shouting and cheering.
crowded
in
the
crowded around it
a crowd of/crowds of people
4. shock vt. 使震惊; 使难以置信 n. 震惊 (shocking adj. 令人吃惊的
shocked adj. 吃惊的)
When I recovered from the shock, I looked at my camera. 等我从震惊中恢复
过来, 我查看了我的相机。
The news shocked the public, causing great concern about students’ safety at
school. 这个消息使公众震惊, 引起(人们)对学生在校安的极大担忧。
【精要必记】
(1)be shocked at 对……感到吃惊
be shocked to do sth. 因做某事而震惊
(2)What shocks/shocked sb. be that. . .
=It shocks sb. that. . . =To one’s shock. . . .
令某人震惊的是……
【知识深一度】
shock作名词意为“令人震惊的人或事”时, 可用作可数名词, 可以与不定冠
词连用。
【基础·练透】 单句语法填空
①They were ________(shock)at the frightening news that they had been cheated of so much
money.
②They were shocked _______ (hear) the bad news.
【写作·提升】 一句多译
令科学家震惊的是, 这只海豹因为找不到足够的食物而饿死。
→________________________________ the seal starved to death because it couldn’t find
enough food to eat.
→_________________________ the seal starved to death because it couldn’t find enough food
to eat.
→____________________, the seal starved to death because it couldn’t find enough food to eat.
shocked
to hear
What shocked the scientists was that
It shocked the scientists that
To the scientists’ shock
5. as a result 结果
As a result, these writers never get into the habit of crossing out chunks of
their draft and writing revisions in the blank space.
因此, 这些作者从来没有形成在他们的草稿中划掉大部分内容并在空白的
地写订正版的习惯。
【精要必记】
(1)as a result of (=because of) 因为; 由于……
(2)result in 导致; 造成
result from 由……产生; 因……引起
【知识宽一度】
巧辨result in与result from
result in“导致/造成……的结果”, 相当于lead to/cause/bring about, 后面跟表示
结果的词; result from“由……发生/产生”, 相当于lie in, 后面跟表示原因的词。
【基础·练透】 用result的相关短语填空
①(读后续写之动作描写)__________, her mother had to return to work and Jenny
was left to look after herself.
②He drove his new car at an amazing speed, which __________ a terrible accident.
③These problems often ___________ lack of knowledge or understanding.
As a result
resulted in
result from
【写作·提升】 同义词替换/完成句子
①(读后续写之动作、心理描写)He was extremely disappointed when the two
invited families called and said they couldn’t make it to the celebration
because of unexpected situations. ____________
②由于司机的粗心大意, 事故造成了严重的后果。
The accident which _____________ the driver’s carelessness __________ a
heavy result.
as a result of
resulted from
resulted in
6. turn one’s back (on sb. /sth. ) 对……置之不理, 对……撒手不管
(教材原句)Nature got hurt, felt pain, and finally turned its back on us.
大自然受伤了, 感到了痛苦, 最后背弃了我们。
She turned around and saw her old friend.
她转过身, 看见了她的老朋友。
【精要必记】
turn out 结果是; 生产; 出席(某项活动), 在场
turn around 转身, 翻转
turn on 打开(电视、收音机等)
turn off 关掉
turn down 调低; 拒绝
turn in 上交, 提交
turn to 求助于
turn over 翻转; 仔细考虑; 移交
turn up 出现, 调高
【基础·练透】 用turn的相关短语填空
The party was almost over, but Jane still didn’t ________. Tom was very disappointed.
He didn’t know why Jane didn’t __________ his invitation if she didn’t want to come.
He ___________ the bottles on the tables, and the rest guests left the hall in shock.
Tom __________ all the lights in the hall. No one could imagine how upset he was!
【写作·提升】 完成句子
(应用文之建议信) 既然他表现出和你和好的意愿, 我认为你不应该对他置之不理。
Since he shows that he would like to make up with you, I think you should not
____________________.
turn up
turn down
turned over
turned off
turn your back on him
【要点拾遗】
million n. 百万
(2023 国甲卷)With millions of people likely to take on DIY projects over
the coming weeks, new research shows that more than half of people are
planning to make the most of the long, warm summer days to get jobs done. 未
来几周, 数百万人可能会从事DIY项目, 新的研究显示, 超过一半的人计划
充分利用漫长而温暖的夏日来完成工作。
【精要必记】
millions of 数百万
【知识深一度】
(1)当hundred, thousand, million以及 dozen, score等以复数形式存在时, 表示
泛指的数量, 其后要加of, 但前面不能用表示具体数量的词修饰。
(2)当hundred, thousand, million 以及dozen, score等以单数形式存在时, 其前
常用表示具体数量的词或several, some, many, a few等修饰。
【基础·练透】 单句语法填空
①Sports team owners spend ________ (million) of dollars attracting top talents.
②Dozens ___ new theme cafes appear to change the situation.
【写作·提升】 完成句子
①(读后续写之背景描写)简的帖子导致她的身份暴露, 使得这个故事在互联网上被
数百万人分享和点赞。
Jane’s post led to her identity being revealed, which resulted in the story being shared
and liked by ________________ throughout the Internet.
②据报道, 世界上有几百万人因为食物缺乏而挨饿。
It is reported that ____________________ are starving in the world because of the
shortage of food.
millions
of
millions of people
several million people(共63张PPT)
Unit 5
Humans and Nature
Part 2 Lesson 1
01
02
04
03
必备知识·自主导学
语篇精读·互动探究
语法精研·学思悟透
要点精讲·核心突破
01
必备知识·自主导学
Ⅰ. 重点词块—速记
1. fight the waves 抵御_____
2. try to escape 试图_____
3. tie myself to a ______ to help me _____
把我自己绑在桶上, 让我浮起来
4. the interesting _________ of the underwater world
海底世界有趣的神秘事物
5. all sorts of ________ situations 各种可怕的情况
6. my body and _____ 我的身体和灵魂
海浪
逃跑
barrel
float
mysteries
horrible
soul
7. the horrible _____ of the _________
可怕的旋涡边缘
8. two objects of equal ______ 两个同等面积的物体
9. like a _____ 像一根管子
edge
whirlpool
extent
tube
Ⅱ. 活用单词—拓展
1. _______ vi. &vt. 活下来; 幸存→survival n. 幸存, 生存→survivor n. 幸存者,
生还者
2. frighten vt. (使)惊恐→__________ adj. 害怕的; 受惊的→frightening adj. 令
人惊恐的, 骇人的
3. _______ adj. 好奇的→curiously adv. 好奇地; 奇怪地→curiosity n. 好奇心
4. observe vt. 观察, 观测→observer n. 观察者→___________ n. 观察; 观察
结果
5. ______ adj. 相等的; 相同的→equally adv. 平等地→equality n. 相等; 平等
survive
frightened
curious
observation
equal
6. poem n. 诗, 韵文→poet n. 诗人→_______ n. 诗歌; 作诗的艺术
7. horror n. 恐怖; 战栗→________ adj. 可怕的, 吓人的, 令人恐惧的
→horribly adv. 可怕地; 恐怖地; 极其
poetry
horrible
Ⅲ. 核心短语—互译
1. __________ 突然
2. __________ 接某人
3. ________ 少于
4. ______________ 被……覆盖
5. ________________ 朝……向
6. in the end _____
7. come back from ___________
all at once
pick sb. up
less than
be covered with
in the direction of
最后
从……回来
8. fall into __________
9. cry out _________
10. on the edge of ________________________
落入; 分成
大声呼喊
在……边缘; 某事快要发生
Ⅳ. 经典句式—悟通
1. _________________________ to change my hair from black to white.
(it takes/took sb. +时间+to do sth. 做某事花费某人多少时间)
不到一天的时间我的头发就从黑色变成了白色。
2. Some time after I left the boat, ___________________, it was pulled into the
bottom of the whirlpool. (with复合结构)
在我离开船后过了一会儿, 那艘载着我哥哥的船被卷入旋涡底部。
It took less than a single day
with my brother in it
3. One day, my two brothers and I were coming back from the islands ______
____________________ and got more fish than others. (where引导定语从句)
有一天, 我和我的两个兄弟从岛上归来, 那是我们经常冒险前往, 并能比其
他人捕到更多鱼的地。
where
we often risked going
02
语篇精读·互动探究
【新课导入】
Discuss and answer the following question.
Do you know any stories about people and the sea Please describe it and share
your thoughts.
_______________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________
Through reading Chinese and foreign classics, I have learned a lot about
people and the sea, such as The Old Man and the Sea. The story centres on
an aging fisherman who engages in a battle to catch a giant fish. It tells
me that man and nature are actually interdependent.
Task 1 宏观建构·把握文脉
1. Skim the text and fill in the blanks.
Para. 1: Summarize the (1)_____ generally
Paras. 2~4: The (2)_______ of something terrible
Para. 5: The (3)______ of something terrible
2. What’s the main idea of the text
A. A terrible experience at sea.
B. Something terrible happened about three years ago.
C. The writer got rescued from the sea.
D. The writer’s brothers died in the sea.
story
process
result
Task 2 微观剖析·细节理解
Choose the best answer.
1. What made the writer’s hair change from black to white
A. Medicine. B. Sorrow.
C. Something terrible. D. The old age.
2. What were the writer and his two brothers doing when they were caught in the storm
A. They were fishing.
B. They were playing on the islands.
C. They were returning home.
D. They were swimming in the sea.
3. What does the phrase “All at once”mean in the second paragraph
A. Suddenly. B. Only once.
C. At one time. D. At a time.
4. What did the writer mean by writing the last sentence of the passage
A. He was not sure that the readers would believe him.
B. He was sure that the readers would believe him, though the fishermen didn’t.
C. He was sure that the readers would believe half of his story.
D. He expected the readers would believe him rather than the fishermen.
5. What can we learn from the last paragraph
A. The writer made the right decision and he survived.
B. Soon after the writer’s brother was pulled into the bottom of the whirlpool,
the whirlpool became wilder.
C. When the writer was saved, the fishermen recognised him.
D. The fishermen believed the writer’s story.
Task 3 阅读升华·拓展思维
1. What does the writer mean by “it took only six hours to break my body and soul”
_________________________________________________________________
________________
2. What is the story trying to say about the relationship between human beings and
nature
______________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________
He means that the storm is very horrible and frightening, and leaves him a
deep impression.
The force of nature is huge. Human beings should keep calm in the face
of natural disasters and try to solve them. At the same time, human
beings should adapt to the laws of nature, protect the natural environment,
and learn to live in harmony with nature.
Task 4 长句难句·释疑解难
1. It may appear strange, but at that moment, when we were on the edge of the
whirlpool, I felt calmer than when we were moving towards it.
[句式分析]本句中but连接两个并列分句。其中, 第二个分句中的第一个
when引导_________从句; 第二个when引导_________。
[自主翻译]____________________________________________________
_______________________________
时间状语
宾语从句
看起来可能很奇怪, 但在那一刻, 当我们在旋涡边缘的时候,
我觉得自己比向它移动时更平静。
2. I began to think how amazing a thing it was to die in such a way, and how
wonderful it was to see the power of nature.
[句式分析]本句为主从复合句。本句中and连接两个由how引导的_________。
[自主翻译]_________________________________________________________
_______
3. As you can see, the reason why I’m here to tell the story is that I made the right
decision.
[句式分析]本句为主从复合句。As引导非限制性定语从句, 意为“__________”;
why引导_________, 修饰先行词reason; ____引导表语从句。
[自主翻译]____________________________________________________________
宾语从句
我开始想, 这样死去是多么令人惊奇, 能看到大自然的力量是多么
奇妙。
正如, 正像
定语从句
that
正如你所看到的, 我在这里讲这个故事的原因是我做了正确的决定。
Task 5 语篇总结·主题深化
About three years ago, something terrible happened to me. Those six hours of
1. ______ (terrible) have broken my body and soul.
One day, my two brothers and I were coming back from the islands. All 2. ___
once, the sky 3. ___________(cover) with dark clouds and in less than a minute we
were in 4. __ terrible storm.
It may seem strange, but at that moment, when we 5. _____(be) on the edge of
the whirlpool, I felt 6. _______(calm) than when we were moving towards it. I tied
myself to a barrel 7. ______ could help me float. And without 8. _______(wait), I
dived into the sea to try and escape.
terror
at
was covered
a
were
calmer
which
waiting
As you can see, I did escape. In the end, a boat picked 9. ____(I) up. I was
very tired. The fishermen were my old friends, but they were unable
10. ___________ (recognise) me. When I told them the story, they did not
believe it.
me
to recognise
03
要点精讲·核心突破
1. escape vi. &vt. 逃离; 逃避
For them, there’s something highly exciting about escaping someone else’s
glance and making oneself unable to be seen.
对他们来说, 逃避别人的目光, 让自己不被发现是一件非常令人兴奋的事
情。
【图解助记】
【基础·练透】 单句语法填空
①A fire broke out in the building and some people managed to escape _____ it.
②(读后续写之动作描写) The two dogs refused to leave each other’s side, even
while trying to escape ____________(catch).
【写作·提升】 完成句子
①当一辆车撞上他们的车时, 他们死里逃生。
They ___________________ when a car crashed into their car.
②摇晃一停, 布朗老师就意识到这是班同学逃生的最佳时机。
Miss Brown sensed it was the best time for the class to ___________________
once the shaking stopped.
from
being caught
had a narrow escape
make their/an escape
2. survive vi. &vt. 活下来; 幸存 (survivor n. 幸存者 survival n. [U]幸存;
[C]残存物)
(2022·国甲卷)The New Theatre is Cardiff’s oldest surviving traditional
theatre.
新剧院是加的夫现存最古老的传统剧院。
His positive attitude to life is very important for his survival.
他积极的生活态度对他的生存至关重要。
【图解助记】
【知识宽一度】
串记survive及其派生词
After the old man survived the earthquake, he became one of the few
survivors of the family and his survival made his old friends very happy.
这位老人在地震中幸存下来之后, 成了这个家庭中少数几个幸存者之一。
他的幸存使他的老朋友们很高兴。
【基础·练透】 单句语法填空
①This is a story that is about growth and ________(survive).
②_________(survive) of the accident were rushed to the nearest hospital in no
time.
③As far as I know, the old man survived the disaster, but nobody knew how he
survived. Finally, he survived his wife ___ 10 years.
survival
Survivors
by
【写作·提升】 完成句子/句式升级
①(读后续写之动作描写)除了等待救援, 他们在洪水中挣扎求生。
Other than waiting for help, they struggled to ____________________.
②After we survived that night, we were confident that everything else would
be all right.
→_______________ that night, we were confident that everything else would
be all right.
survive from the flood
Having survived
3. frightened adj. 受惊的, 害怕的
(教材原句)The moment I heard the word I became very frightened. 一听到这
个词, 我恐惧至极。
【图解助记】
[巧学助记]
形象助记 frightened与frightening
【知识宽一度】
frightened与frightening的含义与用法
frightened “感到害怕的”, 常用来修饰人; frightening “令人害怕的”, 常用来
修饰物。
【基础·练透】 单句语法填空
①The bird came to the window, but I moved suddenly and frightened it
________.
②They frightened the small boy into ______ (tell) them the secret.
③So __________(frighten)was Farhan that he had no idea how to stop the
bicycle.
④(应用文之报道)Last year, a ___________(frighten) flood struck my
hometown, leaving a number of houses being flooded.
away/off
telling
frightened
frightening
【写作·提升】 句式升级
She was frightened by the frightening scene. She got so nervous that she
trembled from head to foot.
→_______________________________, she got so nervous that she trembled
from head to foot. (过去分词作状语)
Frightened by the frightening scene
4. curious adj. 好奇的 (curiosity n. 好奇心; 求知欲 curiously adv. 好奇地)
(教材原句)After a while, I became curious about the whirlpool itself.
过了一会儿, 我对旋涡本身产生了好奇。
Curiosity drove Mary to open her husband’s letter though she knew it was
wrong.
好奇心驱使玛丽打开了她丈夫的信, 尽管她知道这是错的。
【精要必记】
(1)be curious about 对……感到好奇
be curious to do sth. 好奇做某事
(2)out of curiosity 出于好奇
meet/satisfy one’s curiosity 满足某人的好奇心
with curiosity 好奇地
【基础·练透】 单句语法填空
①She was curious ______ how the experts did it.
②Filled with ________(curious), the artist packed his bags and left.
③She eagerly opened the parcel, curious ______ (see)what was in it.
【写作·提升】 完成句子
①出于好奇, 他冲出房间去看发生了什么事。
_______________, he rushed out of the room to see what was going on.
②他的答复丝毫没有满足我的好奇心。
His answer did not __________________ at all.
about
curiosity
to see
Out of curiosity
satisfy my curiosity
5. observation n. 观察; 观察结果 (observe vt. 观察; 观测; 遵守 observer n.
观察者)
(教材原句)I then made three important observations.
然后我做了三个重要的观察。
She observed that all the chairs were already occupied.
她发现所有的椅子都有人坐了。
【精要必记】
(1)under observation 在观察中, 在监视中
(2)observe sb. /sth. 看到/注意到某人/某物
observe sb. /sth. do sth. 看到某人/某物做某事
observe sb. /sth. doing sth. 看到某人/某物正在做某事
observe that. . . 看到/注意到……
be observed to do sth. 被看到做某事
【基础·练透】 单句语法填空/熟词生义
①If it’s convenient, would you please have a close ___________(observe)of the poor
animals and offer your assistance as well as measures to prevent them from dying out
completely
②She observed a man ________(walk) on the opposite side of the street.
③He has been observed ________(make) trouble in every possible way.
④Do they observe the Spring Festival (observe vt. _____)
【写作·提升】 完成句子
在医院里, 她将一直受到观察。
In the hospital she’ll be _________________ all the time.
observation
walking
to make
庆祝
under observation
6. equal adj. 相等的, 相同的 vt. 与……相同或相等 n. 同等的人; 相等物
(equally adv. 相等地, 相同地 equality n. 平等, 同等; 均等)
(教材原句)The second, between two objects of equal extent, round objects fell
down more rapidly. 第二, 在两个同等面积的物体之间, 圆形物体落得更快。
When it comes to wildlife protection, all species—the good, the bad, and the
ugly—should be treated equally. 当谈到野生动物保护时, 所有的物种——
好的、 坏的、丑的——都应该得到平等的对待。
【精要必记】
be equal to (doing) sth. (in . . . ) (在……面)与……相等; 能胜任……
equal sb. /sth. in (doing) sth. 在(做)某事上比得过、敌得过某人/物
without equal 无与伦比
【基础·练透】 单句语法填空
①(读后续写之动作描写) He always told his staff members to treat the rich and the
poor _______(equal).
②It is universally acknowledged that ________(equal)and freedom are the principles
of justice.
③We must bear in mind that wasting time is equal to ________(waste) our life.
equally
equality
wasting
【写作·提升】 完成句子/词汇升级
①他的画在西世界无人能及。
His paintings are _____________ in the Western world.
②The manager isn’t fit for his position.
→The manager ____________ his position.
without equal
isn’t equal to
7. pick up拾起, 捡起; 收拾, 整理; (偶然)学会; 用车接某人; 收听到; 身体好
转; 取回
(教材原句)In the end, a boat picked me up.
最后, 一条船上的人把我救了起来。
(读后续写之动作描写)He quickly picked out the biggest, roundest and
reddest apple and gave it to Kitty. 他很快挑出那个最大、最圆、最红的苹果,
给了凯蒂。
【精要必记】
pick on 故意刁难挑剔, 闹别扭
pick oneself up (跌倒后)站起来
pick out 挑出; 辨别出
【基础·练透】 写出下列句中pick up的意思
①When is the weather going to pick up It’s been bad for weeks. _____
②I’ll pick you up at the school gate. _______
③He is beginning to pick up after the operation, which delights his family. _________
④She soon picked up Russian when she went to live in Russia. _____
⑤My radio made in Shanghai can pick up CRI very clearly. __________
好转
开车接
恢复健康
学会
收听(节目)
8. where引导定语从句
(教材原句)One day, my two brothers and I were coming back from the islands
where we often risked going and got more fish than others.
有一天, 我和我的两个兄弟从岛上归来, 那是我们经常冒险前往, 并能比其
他人捕到更多鱼的地。
[句型解构]
本句为主从复合句, where引导定语从句, 修饰名词islands。
在使用where引导定语从句时, 需要注意: 其先行词一般是表示地点的名词,
它在定语从句中作地点状语, 此时where相当于at/in/on+which。
【基础·练透】 单句语法填空
①It’s one of the few countries ______ people drive on the left.
②This zoo is not the only place where(=___ which) the animal can be seen.
【写作·提升】 完成句子
她开始在当地的一个动物收容所做志愿者, 在那里她能够对被遗弃的宠物
的生活产生积极的影响。
She started volunteering at a local animal shelter, _________________________
__________________________________________.
where
at
where she was able to make
a positive impact on the lives of abandoned pets
【词汇要点微练】
Ⅰ. 一词多义
1. wave
A. n. 海浪 B. n. 挥手 C. n. 心潮 D. v. 挥手指引
(1)Surfers flocked to the beach to ride the waves. _______
(2)A wave of panic spread through the crowd. _______
(3)He gave us a wave as the bus drove off. _______
(4)I showed my pass to the security guard and he waved me through. _______
A
C
B
D
2. extent
A. n. 面积 B. n. 度
(1)You can’t see the full extent of the beach from here. _______
(2)To a certain extent, we are all responsible for this tragic situation. _______
3. edge
A. n. (微弱的)优势 B. v. 徐徐移动 C. n. 边缘
(1)Don’t put that glass so near the edge of the table. _______
(2)The company needs to improve its competitive edge. _______
(3)I edged nervously past the dog. _______
A
B
C
A
B
Ⅱ. 词缀微练
-ible常用于名词后构成形容词
1. 根据构词法和所给例词填空
horror n. →horrible adj. 可怕的, 吓人的, 令人恐惧的
(1)terror n. →_______ adj. 可怕的
(2)access n. →_________ adj. 易接近的
(3)flex n. →_______ adj. 灵活的; 柔韧的, 易弯曲的
terrible
accessible
flexible
2. 根据构词法填写所给词的正确形式
(1)(2024·新高考Ⅰ卷·阅读理解B)He became interested in alternative
treatments 20 years ago when he suffered from _______ (terror)back pain.
(2)(2024·新高考Ⅱ卷·阅读理解A)Emmanuel Chappard, an experienced guide,
has a passion for making the great outdoors _________ (access)to all.
(3)(2024·国甲卷·应用文写作)First of all, the shared bicycle has brought
great convenience to our short-distance travel, making it more _______(flex)
and environmentally friendly.
terrible
accessible
flexible
Ⅲ. 翻译句子
1. (2021·国甲卷· 语法填空)The Xi’an City Wall is the most complete city
wall that has survived China’s long history.
_________________________________________________
2. (2020·浙江高考·读后续写)Although frightened, Elli and I took some
pictures of the mad bear.
______________________________________________________
3. (2024·新高考Ⅰ卷·阅读理解C)But equally important is the mental aspect.
_________________________
西安城墙是中国悠久历史上保存下来的最完整的城墙。
虽然很害怕, 但我和埃莉还是给这只疯狂的熊拍了一些照片。
但同样重要的是心理面。
04
语法精研·学思悟透
关系副词引导的定语从句(Relative clauses guided by relative adverbs)
【教材自主探究】
分析以下课文句子并思考黑体部分的组成及功能
1. That was the day when it took only six hours to break my body and soul.
2. As you can see, the reason why I’m here to tell the story is that I made the right decision.
3. I was still tied to the barrel and the waves soon carried me to an area where the other
fishermen were.
探究:
以上句子中关系副词when, why和where引导定语从句, 分别修饰先行词_______,
__________和_______。
the day
the reason
an area
【语法精要点拨】
1. when引导的定语从句
当先行词是表示时间的名词(如time, day, year, month, week等), 且关系词在
从句中作时间状语时, 定语从句要用when引导。
*We are living in the digital age when people use social media to make new
friends. 我们生活在数字化时代, 人们利用社交媒体来交新朋友。
*(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)Some of our memories are funny, especially from the early
years when our children were little.
我们的一些记忆是有趣的, 尤其是在我们的孩子还小的那几年。
2. where引导的定语从句
当先行词是表示地点的名词(如place, room, mountain等), 且关系词在从句
中作地点状语时, 定语从句要用where引导。
*(2025·新高考Ⅱ卷)The shape creates a perfect market where goods could be shipped and received using the river as a highway.
(河流的)这种形状造就了一个完美的市场, 在这里, 货物可以使用河流作为运输通道来运输和接收。
*Have you ever been to the house where Lu Xun once lived
你去过鲁迅的故居吗
【知识深一度】
如果先行词为表示抽象地点的名词(如case, state, condition, point,
situation等), 且定语从句中成分完整时, 用关系副词where引导从句。
*We have reached a point where a change is needed.
我们到了必须改变的地步。
*He gets into a situation where it is hard to decide what is right and wrong.
他陷入一种难以分辨是非的局面。
*It puts me in a position where I can’t afford to take the job.
这使我陷入一种承担不起此项工作的境地。
3. why引导的定语从句
当先行词是表示原因的名词reason, 且关系词在从句中作原因状语时, 定语
从句要用why引导。
*This is the reason why he leaves so soon.
这就是他匆匆离开的原因。
【即学活用】 单句语法填空/完成句子
(1)The girl refused to tell us the reason _____ she became interested in this film.
(2)I went to the beach ______ we watched some people play volleyball.
(3)I can never forget the day ______ I first saw you.
(4)He wants to find a job ______ his skills can be put to good use.
(5)我有一个温暖的家庭, 在那里, 家庭成员们互相关心。
I have a warm family _____________________________________.
(6)我认为你总是生气的原因可能是学习压力太大。
I think the reason _______________________ may be the high pressure of study.
why
where
when
where
where the members care about each other
why you are always angry
【语法要点微练】
Ⅰ. 单句语法填空
1. (2024·浙江1月高考·读后续写)Then she concentrated on jogging to the spot
______ the track curved (拐弯).
2. (2022·国甲卷·阅读理解A)Every weekend this is “Wales” premier comedy club
______ having a great time is the order for both audiences and comedy stars alike.
3. (2025·八省联考·阅读理解D) A new study has taken this information one step
further and found the best time ______ exercise can help maximize learning.
where
where
when
Ⅱ. 单句写作
1. (2023·国乙卷·阅读理解A)Born to a Jewish family in Florence, she moved to Paris
_____________________________ and performed surgery.
她出生在佛罗伦萨的一个犹太家庭, 后来搬到巴黎, 在那里成为了一名医生并做外科手
术。
2. (2021·新高考Ⅰ卷·阅读理解B)But like all performances, there are moments ___________
_________.
但是像所有的表演一样, 也有出错的时候。
3. (2024·新高考Ⅰ卷·完形填空)The roads there went through large valleys ____________
____________________ at a time.
那里的路穿过很大的山谷, 我每次都要骑上坡好几英里。
where she worked as a physician
when things
go wrong
where I’d be
riding uphill for miles
Ⅲ. 用关系副词引导的定语从句改写句子
1. I joined the organization on that day. I will never forget the day.
→I will never forget the day ___________________________.
2. The pupils came to the new playground. They played football until seven
there.
→The pupils came to the new playground ____________________________
______.
when I joined the organization
where they played football until
seven
3. Scientists worked together day and night to rescue the temple because they
wanted to preserve it for the next generation.
→The reason ___________________________________________________
_______ was that they wanted to preserve it for the next generation.
4. Today, we’ll discuss a number of cases. Beginners of English fail to use the
language properly in the cases.
→Today, we’ll discuss a number of cases ___________________________
__________________________.
why scientists worked together day and night to rescue the
temple
where beginners of English fail
to use the language properlyUnit 5 Humans and Nature
Part 2 Lesson 1
必备知识·自主导学
Ⅰ. 重点词块—速记
1. fight the waves 抵御海浪
2. try to escape 试图逃跑
3. tie myself to a barrel to help me float
把我自己绑在桶上, 让我浮起来
4. the interesting mysteries of the underwater world
海底世界有趣的神秘事物
5. all sorts of horrible situations 各种可怕的情况
6. my body and soul 我的身体和灵魂
7. the horrible edge of the whirlpool
可怕的旋涡边缘
8. two objects of equal extent 两个同等面积的物体
9. like a tube 像一根管子
Ⅱ. 活用单词—拓展
1. survive vi. &vt. 活下来; 幸存→survival n. 幸存, 生存→survivor n. 幸存者, 生还者
2. frighten vt. (使)惊恐→frightened adj. 害怕的; 受惊的→frightening adj. 令人惊恐的, 骇人的
3. curious adj. 好奇的→curiously adv. 好奇地; 奇怪地→curiosity n. 好奇心
4. observe vt. 观察, 观测→observer n. 观察者→observation n. 观察; 观察结果
5. equal adj. 相等的; 相同的→equally adv. 平等地→equality n. 相等; 平等
6. poem n. 诗, 韵文→poet n. 诗人→poetry n. 诗歌; 作诗的艺术
7. horror n. 恐怖; 战栗→horrible adj. 可怕的, 吓人的, 令人恐惧的→horribly adv. 可怕地; 恐怖地; 极其
Ⅲ. 核心短语—互译
1. all at once 突然
2. pick sb. up 接某人
3. less than 少于
4. be covered with 被……覆盖
5. in the direction of 朝……向
6. in the end 最后
7. come back from 从……回来
8. fall into 落入; 分成
9. cry out 大声呼喊
10. on the edge of 在……边缘; 某事快要发生
Ⅳ. 经典句式—悟通
1. It took less than a single day to change my hair from black to white. (it takes/took sb. +时间+to do sth. 做某事花费某人多少时间)
不到一天的时间我的头发就从黑色变成了白色。
2. Some time after I left the boat, with my brother in it, it was pulled into the bottom of the whirlpool. (with复合结构)
在我离开船后过了一会儿, 那艘载着我哥哥的船被卷入旋涡底部。
3. One day, my two brothers and I were coming back from the islands where we often risked going and got more fish than others. (where引导定语从句)
有一天, 我和我的两个兄弟从岛上归来, 那是我们经常冒险前往, 并能比其他人捕到更多鱼的地。
语篇精读·互动探究
【新课导入】
Discuss and answer the following question.
Do you know any stories about people and the sea Please describe it and share your thoughts.
Through reading Chinese and foreign classics, I have learned a lot about people and the sea, such as The Old Man and the Sea. The story centres on an aging fisherman who engages in a battle to catch a giant fish. It tells me that man and nature are actually interdependent.
Task 1 宏观建构·把握文脉
1. Skim the text and fill in the blanks.
Para. 1: Summarize the (1)story generally
Paras. 2~4: The (2)process of something terrible
Para. 5: The (3)result of something terrible
2. What’s the main idea of the text
A. A terrible experience at sea.
B. Something terrible happened about three years ago.
C. The writer got rescued from the sea.
D. The writer’s brothers died in the sea.
答案: A
Task 2 微观剖析·细节理解
Choose the best answer.
1. What made the writer’s hair change from black to white
A. Medicine. B. Sorrow.
C. Something terrible. D. The old age.
2. What were the writer and his two brothers doing when they were caught in the storm
A. They were fishing.
B. They were playing on the islands.
C. They were returning home.
D. They were swimming in the sea.
3. What does the phrase “All at once”mean in the second paragraph
A. Suddenly. B. Only once.
C. At one time. D. At a time.
4. What did the writer mean by writing the last sentence of the passage
A. He was not sure that the readers would believe him.
B. He was sure that the readers would believe him, though the fishermen didn’t.
C. He was sure that the readers would believe half of his story.
D. He expected the readers would believe him rather than the fishermen.
5. What can we learn from the last paragraph
A. The writer made the right decision and he survived.
B. Soon after the writer’s brother was pulled into the bottom of the whirlpool, the whirlpool became wilder.
C. When the writer was saved, the fishermen recognised him.
D. The fishermen believed the writer’s story.
答案: 1~5. CCAAA
Task 3 阅读升华·拓展思维
1. What does the writer mean by “it took only six hours to break my body and soul”
He means that the storm is very horrible and frightening, and leaves him a deep impression.
2. What is the story trying to say about the relationship between human beings and nature
The force of nature is huge. Human beings should keep calm in the face of natural disasters and try to solve them. At the same time, human beings should adapt to the laws of nature, protect the natural environment, and learn to live in harmony with nature.
Task 4 长句难句·释疑解难
1. It may appear strange, but at that moment, when we were on the edge of the whirlpool, I felt calmer than when we were moving towards it.
[句式分析]本句中but连接两个并列分句。其中, 第二个分句中的第一个when引导时间状语从句; 第二个when引导宾语从句。
[自主翻译]看起来可能很奇怪, 但在那一刻, 当我们在旋涡边缘的时候, 我觉得自己比向它移动时更平静。
2. I began to think how amazing a thing it was to die in such a way, and how wonderful it was to see the power of nature.
[句式分析]本句为主从复合句。本句中and连接两个由how引导的宾语从句。
[自主翻译]我开始想, 这样死去是多么令人惊奇, 能看到大自然的力量是多么奇妙。
3. As you can see, the reason why I’m here to tell the story is that I made the right decision.
[句式分析]本句为主从复合句。As引导非限制性定语从句, 意为“正如, 正像”; why引导定语从句, 修饰先行词reason; that引导表语从句。
[自主翻译]正如你所看到的, 我在这里讲这个故事的原因是我做了正确的决定。
Task 5 语篇总结·主题深化
About three years ago, something terrible happened to me. Those six hours of 1. terror (terrible) have broken my body and soul.
One day, my two brothers and I were coming back from the islands. All 2. at once, the sky 3. was covered(cover) with dark clouds and in less than a minute we were in 4. a terrible storm.
It may seem strange, but at that moment, when we 5. were(be) on the edge of the whirlpool, I felt 6. calmer(calm) than when we were moving towards it. I tied myself to a barrel 7. which could help me float. And without 8. waiting(wait), I dived into the sea to try and escape.
As you can see, I did escape. In the end, a boat picked 9. me(I) up. I was very tired. The fishermen were my old friends, but they were unable 10. to recognise (recognise) me. When I told them the story, they did not believe it.
要点精讲·核心突破
1. escape vi. &vt. 逃离; 逃避
For them, there’s something highly exciting about escaping someone else’s glance and making oneself unable to be seen.
对他们来说, 逃避别人的目光, 让自己不被发现是一件非常令人兴奋的事情。
【图解助记】
【基础·练透】 单句语法填空
①A fire broke out in the building and some people managed to escape from it.
②(读后续写之动作描写) The two dogs refused to leave each other’s side, even while trying to escape being caught(catch).
【写作·提升】 完成句子
①当一辆车撞上他们的车时, 他们死里逃生。
They had a narrow escape when a car crashed into their car.
②摇晃一停, 布朗老师就意识到这是班同学逃生的最佳时机。
Miss Brown sensed it was the best time for the class to make their/an escape once the shaking stopped.
2. survive vi. &vt. 活下来; 幸存 (survivor n. 幸存者 survival n. [U]幸存; [C]残存物)
(2022·国甲卷)The New Theatre is Cardiff’s oldest surviving traditional theatre.
新剧院是加的夫现存最古老的传统剧院。
His positive attitude to life is very important for his survival.
他积极的生活态度对他的生存至关重要。
【图解助记】
【知识宽一度】
串记survive及其派生词
After the old man survived the earthquake, he became one of the few survivors of the family and his survival made his old friends very happy.
这位老人在地震中幸存下来之后, 成了这个家庭中少数几个幸存者之一。他的幸存使他的老朋友们很高兴。
【基础·练透】 单句语法填空
①This is a story that is about growth and survival(survive).
②Survivors(survive) of the accident were rushed to the nearest hospital in no time.
③As far as I know, the old man survived the disaster, but nobody knew how he survived. Finally, he survived his wife by 10 years.
【写作·提升】 完成句子/句式升级
①(读后续写之动作描写)除了等待救援, 他们在洪水中挣扎求生。
Other than waiting for help, they struggled to survive from the flood.
②After we survived that night, we were confident that everything else would be all right.
→Having survived that night, we were confident that everything else would be all right.
3. frightened adj. 受惊的, 害怕的
(教材原句)The moment I heard the word I became very frightened. 一听到这个词, 我恐惧至极。
【图解助记】
[巧学助记]
形象助记 frightened与frightening
【知识宽一度】
frightened与frightening的含义与用法
frightened “感到害怕的”, 常用来修饰人; frightening “令人害怕的”, 常用来修饰物。
【基础·练透】 单句语法填空
①The bird came to the window, but I moved suddenly and frightened it away/off.
②They frightened the small boy into telling (tell) them the secret.
③So frightened(frighten)was Farhan that he had no idea how to stop the bicycle.
④(应用文之报道)Last year, a frightening(frighten) flood struck my hometown, leaving a number of houses being flooded.
【写作·提升】 句式升级
She was frightened by the frightening scene. She got so nervous that she trembled from head to foot.
→Frightened by the frightening scene, she got so nervous that she trembled from head to foot. (过去分词作状语)
4. curious adj. 好奇的 (curiosity n. 好奇心; 求知欲 curiously adv. 好奇地)
(教材原句)After a while, I became curious about the whirlpool itself.
过了一会儿, 我对旋涡本身产生了好奇。
Curiosity drove Mary to open her husband’s letter though she knew it was wrong.
好奇心驱使玛丽打开了她丈夫的信, 尽管她知道这是错的。
【精要必记】
(1)be curious about 对……感到好奇
be curious to do sth. 好奇做某事
(2)out of curiosity 出于好奇
meet/satisfy one’s curiosity 满足某人的好奇心
with curiosity 好奇地
【基础·练透】 单句语法填空
①She was curious about how the experts did it.
②Filled with curiosity(curious), the artist packed his bags and left.
③She eagerly opened the parcel, curious to see (see)what was in it.
【写作·提升】 完成句子
①出于好奇, 他冲出房间去看发生了什么事。
Out of curiosity, he rushed out of the room to see what was going on.
②他的答复丝毫没有满足我的好奇心。
His answer did not satisfy my curiosity at all.
5. observation n. 观察; 观察结果 (observe vt. 观察; 观测; 遵守 observer n. 观察者)
(教材原句)I then made three important observations.
然后我做了三个重要的观察。
She observed that all the chairs were already occupied.
她发现所有的椅子都有人坐了。
【精要必记】
(1)under observation 在观察中, 在监视中
(2)observe sb. /sth. 看到/注意到某人/某物
observe sb. /sth. do sth. 看到某人/某物做某事
observe sb. /sth. doing sth. 看到某人/某物正在做某事
observe that. . . 看到/注意到……
be observed to do sth. 被看到做某事
【基础·练透】 单句语法填空/熟词生义
①If it’s convenient, would you please have a close observation(observe)of the poor animals and offer your assistance as well as measures to prevent them from dying out completely
②She observed a man walking(walk) on the opposite side of the street.
③He has been observed to make(make) trouble in every possible way.
④Do they observe the Spring Festival (observe vt. 庆祝)
【写作·提升】 完成句子
在医院里, 她将一直受到观察。
In the hospital she’ll be under observation all the time.
6. equal adj. 相等的, 相同的 vt. 与……相同或相等 n. 同等的人; 相等物 (equally adv. 相等地, 相同地 equality n. 平等, 同等; 均等)
(教材原句)The second, between two objects of equal extent, round objects fell down more rapidly. 第二, 在两个同等面积的物体之间, 圆形物体落得更快。
When it comes to wildlife protection, all species—the good, the bad, and the ugly—should be treated equally. 当谈到野生动物保护时, 所有的物种——好的、 坏的、丑的——都应该得到平等的对待。
【精要必记】
be equal to (doing) sth. (in . . . ) (在……面)与……相等; 能胜任……
equal sb. /sth. in (doing) sth. 在(做)某事上比得过、敌得过某人/物
without equal 无与伦比
【基础·练透】 单句语法填空
①(读后续写之动作描写) He always told his staff members to treat the rich and the poor equally(equal).
②It is universally acknowledged that equality(equal)and freedom are the principles of justice.
③We must bear in mind that wasting time is equal to wasting(waste) our life.
【写作·提升】 完成句子/词汇升级
①他的画在西世界无人能及。
His paintings are without equal in the Western world.
②The manager isn’t fit for his position.
→The manager isn’t equal to his position.
7. pick up拾起, 捡起; 收拾, 整理; (偶然)学会; 用车接某人; 收听到; 身体好转; 取回
(教材原句)In the end, a boat picked me up.
最后, 一条船上的人把我救了起来。
(读后续写之动作描写)He quickly picked out the biggest, roundest and reddest apple and gave it to Kitty. 他很快挑出那个最大、最圆、最红的苹果, 给了凯蒂。
【精要必记】
pick on 故意刁难挑剔, 闹别扭
pick oneself up (跌倒后)站起来
pick out 挑出; 辨别出
【基础·练透】 写出下列句中pick up的意思
①When is the weather going to pick up It’s been bad for weeks. 好转
②I’ll pick you up at the school gate. 开车接
③He is beginning to pick up after the operation, which delights his family. 恢复健康
④She soon picked up Russian when she went to live in Russia. 学会
⑤My radio made in Shanghai can pick up CRI very clearly. 收听(节目)
8. where引导定语从句
(教材原句)One day, my two brothers and I were coming back from the islands where we often risked going and got more fish than others.
有一天, 我和我的两个兄弟从岛上归来, 那是我们经常冒险前往, 并能比其他人捕到更多鱼的地。
[句型解构]
本句为主从复合句, where引导定语从句, 修饰名词islands。
在使用where引导定语从句时, 需要注意: 其先行词一般是表示地点的名词, 它在定语从句中作地点状语, 此时where相当于at/in/on+which。
【基础·练透】 单句语法填空
①It’s one of the few countries where people drive on the left.
②This zoo is not the only place where(=at which) the animal can be seen.
【写作·提升】 完成句子
她开始在当地的一个动物收容所做志愿者, 在那里她能够对被遗弃的宠物的生活产生积极的影响。
She started volunteering at a local animal shelter, where she was able to make a positive impact on the lives of abandoned pets.
【词汇要点微练】
Ⅰ. 一词多义
1. wave
A. n. 海浪 B. n. 挥手 C. n. 心潮 D. v. 挥手指引
(1)Surfers flocked to the beach to ride the waves. A
(2)A wave of panic spread through the crowd. C
(3)He gave us a wave as the bus drove off. B
(4)I showed my pass to the security guard and he waved me through. D
2. extent
A. n. 面积 B. n. 度
(1)You can’t see the full extent of the beach from here. A
(2)To a certain extent, we are all responsible for this tragic situation. B
3. edge
A. n. (微弱的)优势 B. v. 徐徐移动 C. n. 边缘
(1)Don’t put that glass so near the edge of the table. C
(2)The company needs to improve its competitive edge. A
(3)I edged nervously past the dog. B
Ⅱ. 词缀微练
-ible常用于名词后构成形容词
1. 根据构词法和所给例词填空
horror n. →horrible adj. 可怕的, 吓人的, 令人恐惧的
(1)terror n. →terrible adj. 可怕的
(2)access n. →accessible adj. 易接近的
(3)flex n. →flexible adj. 灵活的; 柔韧的, 易弯曲的
2. 根据构词法填写所给词的正确形式
(1)(2024·新高考Ⅰ卷·阅读理解B)He became interested in alternative treatments 20 years ago when he suffered from terrible (terror)back pain.
(2)(2024·新高考Ⅱ卷·阅读理解A)Emmanuel Chappard, an experienced guide, has a passion for making the great outdoors accessible (access)to all.
(3)(2024·国甲卷·应用文写作)First of all, the shared bicycle has brought great convenience to our short-distance travel, making it more flexible(flex)and environmentally friendly.
Ⅲ. 翻译句子
1. (2021·国甲卷· 语法填空)The Xi’an City Wall is the most complete city wall that has survived China’s long history.
西安城墙是中国悠久历史上保存下来的最完整的城墙。
2. (2020·浙江高考·读后续写)Although frightened, Elli and I took some pictures of the mad bear.
虽然很害怕, 但我和埃莉还是给这只疯狂的熊拍了一些照片。
3. (2024·新高考Ⅰ卷·阅读理解C)But equally important is the mental aspect.
但同样重要的是心理面。
语法精研·学思悟透
关系副词引导的定语从句(Relative clauses guided by relative adverbs)
【教材自主探究】
分析以下课文句子并思考黑体部分的组成及功能
1. That was the day when it took only six hours to break my body and soul.
2. As you can see, the reason why I’m here to tell the story is that I made the right decision.
3. I was still tied to the barrel and the waves soon carried me to an area where the other fishermen were.
探究:
以上句子中关系副词when, why和where引导定语从句, 分别修饰先行词the day, the reason和an area。
【语法精要点拨】
1. when引导的定语从句
当先行词是表示时间的名词(如time, day, year, month, week等), 且关系词在从句中作时间状语时, 定语从句要用when引导。
*We are living in the digital age when people use social media to make new friends. 我们生活在数字化时代, 人们利用社交媒体来交新朋友。
*(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)Some of our memories are funny, especially from the early years when our children were little.
我们的一些记忆是有趣的, 尤其是在我们的孩子还小的那几年。
2. where引导的定语从句
当先行词是表示地点的名词(如place, room, mountain等), 且关系词在从句中作地点状语时, 定语从句要用where引导。
*(2025·新高考Ⅱ卷)The shape creates a perfect market where goods could be shipped and received using the river as a highway.
(河流的)这种形状造就了一个完美的市场, 在这里, 货物可以使用河流作为运输通道来运输和接收。
*Have you ever been to the house where Lu Xun once lived
你去过鲁迅的故居吗
【知识深一度】
如果先行词为表示抽象地点的名词(如case, state, condition, point, situation等), 且定语从句中成分完整时, 用关系副词where引导从句。
*We have reached a point where a change is needed.
我们到了必须改变的地步。
*He gets into a situation where it is hard to decide what is right and wrong.
他陷入一种难以分辨是非的局面。
*It puts me in a position where I can’t afford to take the job.
这使我陷入一种承担不起此项工作的境地。
3. why引导的定语从句
当先行词是表示原因的名词reason, 且关系词在从句中作原因状语时, 定语从句要用why引导。
*This is the reason why he leaves so soon.
这就是他匆匆离开的原因。
【即学活用】 单句语法填空/完成句子
(1)The girl refused to tell us the reason why she became interested in this film.
(2)I went to the beach where we watched some people play volleyball.
(3)I can never forget the day when I first saw you.
(4)He wants to find a job where his skills can be put to good use.
(5)我有一个温暖的家庭, 在那里, 家庭成员们互相关心。
I have a warm family where the members care about each other.
(6)我认为你总是生气的原因可能是学习压力太大。
I think the reason why you are always angry may be the high pressure of study.
【语法要点微练】
Ⅰ. 单句语法填空
1. (2024·浙江1月高考·读后续写)Then she concentrated on jogging to the spot where the track curved (拐弯).
2. (2022·国甲卷·阅读理解A)Every weekend this is “Wales” premier comedy club where having a great time is the order for both audiences and comedy stars alike.
3. (2025·八省联考·阅读理解D) A new study has taken this information one step further and found the best time when exercise can help maximize learning.
Ⅱ. 单句写作
1. (2023·国乙卷·阅读理解A)Born to a Jewish family in Florence, she moved to Paris where she worked as a physician and performed surgery.
她出生在佛罗伦萨的一个犹太家庭, 后来搬到巴黎, 在那里成为了一名医生并做外科手术。
2. (2021·新高考Ⅰ卷·阅读理解B)But like all performances, there are moments when things go wrong.
但是像所有的表演一样, 也有出错的时候。
3. (2024·新高考Ⅰ卷·完形填空)The roads there went through large valleys where I’d be riding uphill for miles at a time.
那里的路穿过很大的山谷, 我每次都要骑上坡好几英里。
Ⅲ. 用关系副词引导的定语从句改写句子
1. I joined the organization on that day. I will never forget the day.
→I will never forget the day when I joined the organization.
2. The pupils came to the new playground. They played football until seven there.
→The pupils came to the new playground where they played football until seven.
3. Scientists worked together day and night to rescue the temple because they wanted to preserve it for the next generation.
→The reason why scientists worked together day and night to rescue the temple was that they wanted to preserve it for the next generation.
4. Today, we’ll discuss a number of cases. Beginners of English fail to use the language properly in the cases.
→Today, we’ll discuss a number of cases where beginners of English fail to use the language properly.
课时巩固训练, 请使用 “课时过性评价 六”(共39张PPT)
Unit 5 Humans and Nature
Part 4 Writing Workshop & Viewing Workshop & Reading Club
01
02
03
读写结合·思维构建
阅读体验·能力深化
要点精讲·核心突破
01
读写结合·思维构建
一本小册子(A Brochure)
【文本研读】
Task 1 文本概览·厘清结构
1. Skim and reorder all the parts of a brochure.
①Conclusion ②Beginning ③Body
答案: ②③①
2. Read the passage and fill in the blanks.
Part 1: Introduce (1)______________________________ when the earthquake
happens.
Part 2: Introduce (2)_______________________________ when the earthquake
happens.
Part 3: Introduce (3)________________________________ when the
earthquake happens.
some indoor surviving techniques
some outdoor surviving techniques
some surviving techniques in the car
Task 2 佳句品味·语言表达
小册子的常用句子:
1. Stay calm in your car.
2. Don’t try to run out of the building during an earthquake.
3. Cover your head and neck with your hands, arms or hard objects.
【写作指导】
1. 题型解读
本单元的写作任务是写一本小册子, 属于应用文, 其写作要点如下:
(1)抓住该事物的特征。对事物特征客观地说明、描述, 使读者在短时间内
获得足够的信息。
(2)遵循一定的逻辑顺序。此类文章通常以空间顺序为主, 时间顺序为辅。
因此, 在介绍事件, 如一场地震灾害时, 需要详细介绍地震发生的地点及危
害度等, 以便人们及时掌握灾害的情况, 采取必要的补救措施。
2. 篇章结构
【语料积累】
1. 话题词汇
(1)guidance n. 指导
(2)intend v. 打算, 想要
(3)satisfactory adj. 令人满意的
(4)prevention n. 预防, 防止
(5)experience v. 经历, 遭遇; 体会到, 感受到
(6)protect yourself as much as you can
尽可能多地保护你自己
(7)cover your whole body 覆盖你的身
(8)observe carefully before you move away
在你离开前要仔细观察
(9)stay calm in your car 在你的车里保持冷静
(10)drive carefully 小心驾驶
2. 话题句式
(1)Then we should try to find a safe exit to escape. 然后我们应该找个安的出口
逃跑。
(2)Follow the teachers’ guidance and keep our actions in order.
听从老师的指导, 保持我们的行为有序。
(3)The firemen had to break down the door to get into the burning house.
消防员不得不砸破门才能进入着火的房子。
(4)It is very important to know what to do when you are in dangerous situations such
as in a fire.
当你在危险的情况下, 比如在火灾中, 知道该做什么是很重要的。
(5)When an earthquake happens, first we should calm down, which is the most
important.
当地震发生时, 首先我们应该冷静下来, 这是最重要的。
(6)When a fire breaks out, call 119 at once and tell your detailed address so that
the firefighters can get there in time.
当火灾发生时, 立即拨打119, 并告知你的详细地址, 以便消防员能及时赶
到那里。
【实践应用】
地震是一种难以预测的自然灾难, 懂得必要的避震措施, 可以最大
度减少地震对我们的危害。学校的公告栏正在征集宣传文章, 请根据以下
提示写一篇文章:
1. 沉着冷静, 遇事不惊;
2. 室内要找到遮蔽物, 如桌子下面;
3. 室外应远离建筑物, 去开阔的地。
注意: 1. 词数80左右;
2. 可以适当增加细节, 以使行文连贯。
【写作思维流】
Step 1: 谋篇布局
Step 2: 遣词造句
1. 地震是难以预测和具有破坏性的。(unpredictable)
____________________________________________
2. 如果你行动得当, 你可以最大限度地减少损失。(properly, minimize, damage)
____________________________________________
3. (一句多译)以下是地震期间你在学校应该做的事情。
(1)____________________________________________________(here句首倒装)
(2)____________________________________________________________________
(following)
The earthquake is unpredictable and destructive.
If you act properly, you can minimize the damage.
Here’s what you should do at school during an earthquake.
The following is what you are supposed to do at school during an earthquake.
4. 一定要保持冷静, 按照老师的指示去做。(calm)
_______________________________________________
5. 如果你在室内, 迅速躲到桌子底下, 直到地板停止晃动再移动。(indoors,
cover)
_____________________________________________________________
_________________________
6. 如果你在操场上, 待在原地, 蹲下, 保护好你的头。(playground, protect)
________________________________________________________________
______
Be sure to stay calm and follow teachers’ instructions.
If you are indoors, take cover under the desk quickly and do not move
until the floor stops shaking.
If you are on the playground, stay where you are, crouch and protect your
head.
7. 不要站在高楼附近。(祈使句)
_____________________________
8. 高楼可能会倒塌。(fall down)
______________________________
9. 不要跳楼。(jump off )
_________________________
10. 如果可以的话, 帮助你的同学, 一起挺过灾难。(go through)
_________________________________________________________________
Don’t stand near high buildings.
The high buildings may fall down.
Don’t jump off the building.
Help your classmates if you can and try to go through the disaster together.
Step 3: 句式升级
11. 把第7、8、9句合并为主从复合句(用定语从句和and连接)
_________________________________________________________________
_________
Don’t stand near high buildings that may fall down and don’t jump off the
building.
Step 4: 完美成篇
____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
__________________________________
____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________
The earthquake is unpredictable and destructive. However, if you act
properly, you can minimize the damage. The following is what you are supposed
to do at school during an earthquake.
First, be sure to stay calm and follow teachers’ instructions. If you are
indoors, take cover under the desk quickly and do not move until the floor stops
shaking. If you are on the playground, stay where you are, crouch and protect
your head. Don’t stand near high buildings that may fall down and don’t jump
off the building. Help your classmates if you can and try to go through the
disaster together.
02
阅读体验·能力深化
Reading Clubs 1 & 2
Ⅰ. 阅读 New Zealand, 完成下面的空格
1. How many people are there in New Zealand
↓The number of population is _______________.
2. Where is New Zealand
↓New Zealand is located __________________.
3. What is New Zealand famous for
↓The country is famous for ________ and the most famous is the kiwi.
4. What things can visitors do
↓Visitors can _____________________.
nearly 5 million
in the South Pacific
its birds
go hiking and camping
Ⅱ. 阅读New Zealand, 判断正(T)误(F)
1. There are many moa birds in New Zealand and they are very tall. ( )
2. New Zealand has a total area of about 270, 000 square kilometres and has
two large islands. ( )
3. The kiwi is the symbol of New Zealand. ( )
4. The best place to go hiking is the South Island. ( )
F
T
T
F
Ⅲ. 阅读Wildlife on the Silver Screen, 简要谈谈人们喜欢电影Wolf Totem的
原因(80词左右)
___________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
_____________________
To sum up, the reasons why people enjoy the film Wolf Totem can be
summarized as follows: First, it is an original story. Second, it is full of
exciting scenes, especially the one where the horses are attacked by a pack
of wolves. Third, it has many great shots, for example, the grasslands of
Inner Mongolia look really beautiful. Finally, it can convey a strong
environmental message.
摘录文章中的好词佳句, 并补汉语译文
1. New Zealand is home to more species of penguins than any other country.
新西兰_________________最多的国家。
2. It has a total area of about 270, 000 square kilometres and has two large
islands(the North Island and the South Island), as well as other smaller islands.
它的_________大约27万平千米, 有两个大岛(北岛和南岛), _____其他较
小的岛屿。
3. New Zealand has a varied climate that changes a lot from place to place.
新西兰___________有各种各样的气候。
是世界上企鹅种类
总面积为
以及
不同的地
4. New Zealand has a lot of unique native animals, including fish, insects,
birds and frogs.
新西兰有许多独特的本土动物, _________________________。
5. If you love skiing, the South Island is the best place to go.
如果你喜欢滑雪, 南岛是___________。
包括鱼、昆虫、鸟类和青蛙
最好的去处
03
要点精讲·核心突破
1. shelter n. 避难所
(教材原句)If possible, find a strong shelter nearby which will cover your whole
body.
如果可能的话, 在附近找一个坚固的庇护所, 可以覆盖你的身。
Trees shelter the house from the wind.
树给房子挡住了风。
【精要必记】
take shelter from. . . 躲避……
give sb. shelter from. . . 庇护某人免于……
shelter sb. /sth. from. . . 保护某人/某物以避免……
【基础·练透】 单句语法填空
①They took shelter _____ the sun under a tree.
②Some people like to buy pets from breeders, while others believe that pets
should be adopted from animal ________(shelter)instead of buying.
【写作·提升】 句型转换
The protecting wall can protect our houses from being flooded.
→The protecting wall can _____________________ being flooded.
from
shelters
shelter our houses from
2. scary adj. 可怕的, 恐怖的 (scare vt. 使吃惊; 使害怕 scared adj. 惊恐的;
担惊受怕的 scaring adj. 令人恐惧的)
(教材原句)It looks like a big, scary grasshopper, but it is actually harmless. 它
看起来像一只大而可怕的蚱蜢, 但它实际上是无害的。
It scared me to think I was alone in the building.
想到楼里只有我一个人, 怪害怕的。
【精要必记】
(1)scare sb. into doing sth. 恐吓某人做某事
(2)be scared 害怕做某事
a scared look/face 惊恐的表情
be scared to death 吓得要死
【基础·练透】 单句语法填空
①The salesman scared the old lady ____ signing the paper by threatening to
take away the goods.
②(读后续写之心理描写) As night fell, panic set in, and ______(scare) thoughts
went through my mind.
【写作·提升】 完成句子
真正的朋友不会害怕告诉你做错了什么。
A true friend _____________________________ what you’re doing wrong.
into
scary
is not scared to tell/of telling you
3. originality n. 独创性; 创造力 (origin n. 起源, 出身, 开端 originate vi. 发
源)
This latest collection lacks style and originality.
这本最新选集既无风格, 又无创意。
【精要必记】
(1)the origin of. . . ……的起源, 出身, 开端
by origin 籍贯为……
(2)originate from. . . 发源于……
【基础·练透】 单句语法填空
What I especially like about the idea is its __________ (original).
【写作·提升】 完成句子
所有的理论都来源于实践, 并反过来为实践服务。
All theories _____________________ and in turn serve practice.
originality
originate from practice
4. fall down跌倒, 倒塌
Seeing the boy fall down, I rushed to help him to his feet. 看到那个男孩摔倒
了, 我冲过去帮他站起来。
I’m afraid of the tent falling down during the night. 我担心帐篷在夜里倒塌。
This festival falls on the fourth day of the sixth month of the lunar calendar,
usually lasting three days. 这一节日从每年农历六月初四开始, 通常持续三
天。
【图解助记】
【基础·练透】 用fall的有关短语填空
①Andrew __________ in his studies and failed the course.
②When a man is drunk, he often _________ his own feet.
③But Wang Hui, the last to run, _________ suddenly when he took the stick from another
boy.
④(应用文之传统节日)The Mid-Autumn Festival _______ the fifteenth day of the eighth
month in the lunar calendar.
⑤When I was riding my bike, I accidentally _______ and scraped my knee.
【写作·提升】 完成句子
从上周起, 我在工作中就落后了。
__________________ in my work since last week.
fell behind
falls over
fell down
falls on
fell off
I have fallen behind
5. the+比较级, the+比较级
(教材原句)Generally, the further south you go, the colder it will be.
通常, 你向南走得越远, 天气就越冷。
[句型解构]
本句中含有“the+比较级, the+比较级”结构, 表示“越……, 就越……”。第一
个“the+比较级”相当于条件状语从句, 通常用一般现在时代替将来时; 第二
个“the+比较级”相当于主句, 通常用一般将来时。
【基础·练透】 单句语法填空
①The more you practise, the ______(well) your spoken English will be.
②The _______(hard) you work, the greater progress you will make.
【写作·提升】 完成句子
你说得越多, 他就越不注意听你讲话。
_________ you talk, _______________ he will pay to you.
better
harder
The more
the less attention
6. with复合结构
(教材原句)That leaves the wolves with nothing to eat so they start attacking the farmers’
animals.
狼没什么吃的了, 所以它们开始攻击农夫的动物。
[句型解构]
本句中with nothing to eat是“with+宾语+宾语补足语”组成的with复合结构, 在句中作宾
语补足语。with复合结构还常充当状语, 表示行为式、伴随情况、时间、原因或条
件等。
with+宾语+
【基础·练透】 单句语法填空
①With all the things _______(buy), she went home happily.
②(读后续写之动作描写)He stood there, with his bright eyes _______(look) at the
sky.
③With so many problems ________ (settle), he won’t be able to spare time for a
holiday.
【写作·提升】 完成句子
美丽的月亮高挂在天空, 我们坐在一起吃月饼、吃水果并且分享我们的故事。
_________________________________, we sit together and eat mooncakes and
fruit, sharing our stories.
bought
looking
to settle
With the beautiful moon up in the sky(共16张PPT)
Unit 5 Humans and Nature
读后续写高分进阶
动作描写(二)—— 描写与“眼睛、嘴”有关的动作
一主题词汇
动词 look 看(指注意或有意识地看) see 看到(强调看的结果) watch 观察, 聚
精会神地看 gaze 凝视, 注视 stare 凝视, 盯着看 peer仔细看 glare 怒
目而视, 瞪着 peek 偷看, (通过孔隙)窥视 scan 扫视, 浏览 glance 一瞥,
瞥一眼 glimpse 瞥见 peep 窥视, 偷看 gape 目瞪口呆地凝视 lower
低垂 shut 关闭 narrow 眯起来 roll翻动 sip 小口喝; 抿 bite 咬
spit 吐出 chew 咀嚼 taste 品尝 swallow 吞, 咽下 eat/consume 吃
形容词 open-mouthed 目瞪口呆的 tongue-tied 舌头打结的 mouth-watering 垂涎
欲滴的
二主题词块
1. catch sight of 看见
2. fall on/land on. . . (目光) 落在……
3. be filled with 充满
4. come into sight 映入眼帘
5. look out of 朝……外看去
6. look around 环顾四周
7. stare at 凝视着……
8. gaze straight ahead 直视前
9. blur one’s eyes 模糊某人的双眼
10. fix one’s eyes on 盯着, 凝视
11. well up in one’s eyes 从某人眼里涌出来
12. glare at 怒视
13. narrow one’s eyes 眯起眼睛
14. steal a glance at 偷看一眼
15. raise/lift one’s eyes 抬起眼睛
16. take a bite 咬一口
17. wipe one’s mouth 擦嘴
18. open one’s mouth 张开嘴
19. close/shut one’s mouth 闭上嘴
20. bite her lower lip 咬她的下嘴唇
21. burn one’s mouth 烫了嘴
22. rinse one’s mouth 漱口
23. keep one’s mouth shut 闭嘴/守口如瓶
24. mouth dropped/hung wide open
张大嘴巴
25. pig out/wolf down/eat like a wolf
狼吞虎咽
26. fill/stuff one’s mouth with. . . 用……填满/塞满嘴巴
27. chew one’s food well before swallowing it
细嚼慢咽
三主题句式
1. Her eyes sparkled/twinkled with pleasure.
她的眼里闪烁着喜悦的光芒。
2. Tina squeezed her eyes shut and bit her lip.
蒂娜紧闭双眼, 咬着嘴唇。
3. She looked her father straight in the eye and answered his question
truthfully.
她直视父亲的眼睛, 如实地回答了他的问题。
4. He seemed unwilling to meet my eyes.
他似乎不愿意与我的目光接触。
5. Her eyes brimmed with/filled with tears.
她的眼里充满泪水。
6. She tried to sit up, her eyes fixed on Jean’s face.
她试图坐起来, 目光紧盯着琼的脸。
7. His eyes scanned the room as he entered.
他进入时眼睛扫视了整个房间。
8. Her eyes dropped to her lap as she answered.
她回答时她垂下眼睛看着她的膝盖。
9. Tears blurred her eyes/vision.
泪水模糊了她的双眼/视线。
10. I felt tears well up in my eyes.
我感到泪水在眼里涌出来。
11. He smiled suddenly, exposing a set of amazingly white teeth.
他突然笑了起来, 露出一口洁白的牙齿。
12. My mouth started watering when I smelled the food.
闻到食物的香味, 我开始流口水了。
13. He straightened up and looked at me, open-mouthed.
他直起身, 目瞪口呆地看着我。
14. Emily abruptly covered her wide-opened mouth, feeling as if her heart
would jump out.
艾米丽突然捂住她张得大大的嘴, 觉得心都要跳出来了。
【情境应用】
Ⅰ. 完成句子
1. They laughed, ______________________________.
他们笑了, 眼里闪烁着兴奋的光芒。
2. The boy was standing up, ___________________________.
男孩站起来, 目光紧盯着妈妈的脸。
3. He _____________ and looked out of the window.
他抬起眼睛并望向窗外。
their eyes shining with excitement
his eyes fixed on Mother’s face
raised his eyes
4. I was worried that I won’t get along with the new classmates. Sometimes I hardly
dare ______________.
我担心我和新同学相处不好。有时我几乎不敢开口。
5. You need to _______ the skins and seeds when eating grapes.
吃葡萄时, 你需要把皮和籽吐出来。
6. The boy’s mouth _________________, but he made no response, sitting there with
his mouth hanging open, wide-eyed.
男孩张大了嘴, 可是没有回应, 他目瞪口呆地坐在那里。
7. He still stood behind his cash register _____________________ popcorn.
他仍站在收银机后, 嘴里塞满了爆米花。
open my mouth
spit out
dropped wide open
stuffing his mouth with
Ⅱ. 翻译句子
1. 听到这个好消息, 她的眼睛兴奋地发亮。
________________________________________________
2. 简怒视着她的丈夫, 脸气得通红。
_____________________________________________
3. 我觉得每个人都在盯着我看, 让我很紧张。
___________________________________________________
Hearing the good news, her eyes lit up with excitement.
Jane glared at her husband and flushed with anger.
I felt that everyone was staring at me, making me nervous.
4. 她看了一眼表就匆忙去上班了。
_______________________________________________
5. 她向他挤了挤眼睛。
___________________________
She glanced at her watch and went to work hurriedly.
She narrowed her eyes at him.
Ⅲ. 片段续写
根据以下情境, 使用表示“眼部”动作的词汇和句式, 写一篇80词左右的
短文。
情境提示: 安妮为减轻父亲的压力, 偷偷在外兼职赚钱, 却被爸爸误解。
父亲在想到底发生了什么事。这时安妮进来, 告诉了他真相。得知真相后,
父亲感动得眼泪顺着脸颊流下来。
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
______________________________________
Anne’s father narrowed his eyes, wondering what had happened. Then,
he turned his eyes to the door when he heard the handle turning. Eyeing
Anne come in, her father eyed her up and down, confused. Though her blue
eyes were full of tears, she kept an eye on her father’s expression. Anne
looked at her father straight in the eye and told him the truth. When
learning the truth, he squeezed his eyes shut and bit his lip, with tears
running/rolling/streaming down his cheeks.(共85张PPT)
Unit 5 Humans and Nature
Part 3 Lesson 2 & Lesson 3
01
02
04
03
必备知识·自主导学
语篇精读·互动探究
语法精研·学思悟透
要点精讲·核心突破
01
必备知识·自主导学
Ⅰ. 重点词块—速记
1. one of my recent attempts 我最近的一次_____
2. sorry for interrupting again 抱歉再次_____(你)
3. hard to measure 难以_____
4. search and rescue ________ 搜救车
5. ________ in a dangerous amount of _____
吸入大量有害的灰尘
6. cause death and other ____ and ________
造成死亡及其他损失和损害
尝试
打断
衡量
vehicles
breathe
dust
loss
damage
7. a very challenging _______ 一个非常具有挑战性的过
8. a ______ against time 一场与时间的斗争
9. reduce _________ and the _____of life
减少痛苦和生命的损失
10. ________ an experiment 做实验
11. the total darkness of the ______ winter
漆黑的极地冬夜
12. the _________ of Antarctica 南极洲
process
battle
suffering
loss
conduct
polar
continent
Ⅱ. 活用单词—拓展
1. breath n. 呼吸的空气→________vi. &vt. 呼吸
2. die vi. 死亡→______ n. 死; 死亡→dying adj. 垂死的
3. operate vi. 工作; 运转; 做手术 vt. 操作; 经营→_________ n. 操作; 行动,
活动; 手术→operator n. 操作人员, 接线员
4. protect v. 保护, 防卫→__________ n. 保护, 防护→protective adj. 防护
的; 保护的
5. _______ v. 探险, 冒险→________ n. 探险者; 勘察者→exploration n. 探险
6. prepare vt. 准备; 预备→____________n. 准备
breathe
death
operation
protection
explore
explorer
preparation
7. anxious adj. 忧虑的, 担心的→_________ adv. 焦虑地; 不安地→anxiety n. 忧虑,
焦虑
8. cheer v. 欢呼; (使)高兴起来→________ adj. 高兴的; 兴高采烈的→cheerfully
adv. 高高兴兴地
9. _______ adj. 遥远的→________ n. 距离
10. honest adj. 诚实的→________ n. 坦诚; 诚实, 正直→honestly adv. 真诚地; 公正地
11. sincere adj. 真诚的; 诚挚的; 真实的→________ n. 真挚, 诚实; 真诚→sincerely
adv. 真诚地; 由衷地, 诚恳地
12. brave adj. 勇敢的, 无畏的→________ n. 勇敢的行为; 勇气→bravely adv. 勇敢
地; 华丽地
anxiously
cheerful
distant
distance
honesty
sincerity
bravery
Ⅲ. 核心短语—互译
1. _______________ 在去……的途中
2. __________ 吸气
3. ________________ 为……做准备
4. ___________________ 进展迅速; 取得很快的进步
5. ___________ 出故障, 停止运转
6. ____________ 不久
7. ahead of ___________
8. run out of __________
on the way to. . .
breathe in
in preparation for
make rapid progress
break down
after a while
在……之前
用完, 耗尽
9. put on __________
10. at one time __________
11. have difficulty in doing sth.
_____________
穿上; 上演
曾经; 一度
做某事有困难
Ⅳ. 经典句式—悟通
1. __________ the total darkness of the polar winter. (完倒装)
接着漆黑的极地冬夜来临了。
2. He _______________________ the sledges and all his men were on skis.
(have+宾语+宾语补足语)
他让成群的狗拉着雪橇, 所有人都坐在滑雪板上。
3. Amundsen was _______________ on 8 September, 1911. (动词不定式作定
语)
1911年9月8日, 阿蒙森第一个动身。
Then came
had teams of dogs pulling
the first to leave
4. The next to go was Captain Oates, who was ___________________________.
(have difficulty (in) doing sth. 做某事有困难)
下一个离开的是奥茨上校, 他行走困难。
5. _______________________________ is getting slower and slower. . . (动词-ing形
式作主语)
我们早上穿鞋越来越慢了……
6. Scott had failed to win the race to the Pole, but the great courage ______________
___________ made them heroes. (过去分词作后置定语)
尽管斯科特输掉了奔向南极的比赛, 但他和他的队员们所表现出来的非凡勇气
使他们成为英雄。
having great difficulty walking
Pulling on foot gear in the morning
shown by Scott
and his men
02
语篇精读·互动探究
Task 1 宏观建构·把握文脉
Skim the text and fill in the blanks.
Race to the Pole
Task 2 微观剖析·细节理解
Choose the best answer.
1. Why did Amundsen succeed while Scott not
A. Amundsen reached the Pole first.
B. Scott’s companions died half way.
C. It was too cold in Antarctica.
D. Scott’s sledges broke down and his horses disagreed with the cold and the
snow there.
2. Which of the following is a fact about the team of Captain Scott
A. The whole team died from hunger.
B. Captain Scott set out earlier than Roald Amundsen.
C. Captain Scott started on 1 June 1910 and marched non-stop till 17 January,
1912.
D. On their way back, they carried 20 kilos of rocks all the way with them.
3. What may lead to the death of Scott
A. Starvation. B. Being too tired.
C. A terrible storm. D. Low spirits. 、
4. What’s the writer’s attitude towards Captain Scott and his team
A. He is mildly critical.
B. He is strongly critical.
C. He has full respect for them.
D. His attitude is not clear.
5. What does the story mainly tell us
A. An experience of the race to the South Pole.
B. The lesson from Captain Scott.
C. The way to the South Pole can be too hard.
D. Enough food will ensure us to go.
Task 3 阅读升华·拓展思维
1. Would you say that Scott and his team were losers Why or why not
_____________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
2. How do you understand Amundsen’s saying about Scott’s death “Captain Scott left a
record, for honesty, for sincerity, for bravery, for everything that makes a man”
__________________________________________________________________
____________________________
3. What preparations do explorers need to make when exploring
________________________________________________________________
______________
I never say they are losers. Although they had failed to win the race to the Pole,
the extraordinary courage shown by Captain Scott and his men made them heroes.
He didn’t win the race to the Pole, but his spirit made him a real hero, which
inspires others to explore again.
In my opinion, both material and spiritual preparations are needed before
the expedition.
Task 4 长句难句·释疑解难
We knew that poor Oates was walking to his death, but though we tried to
dissuade him, we knew it was the act of a brave man and an English gentleman.
[句式分析]本句中but连接两个并列分句, 两个分句中各含有一个that(第二
个that省)引导的_________; 第二个分句中还含有一个though引导的
_____________。
[自主翻译]___________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
宾语从句
让步状语从句
我们知道可怜的奥茨正走向死亡, 尽管我们曾试图阻止他,
但我们都知道这是一个勇敢的人、一个英国绅士的行为。
Task 5 语篇总结·主题深化
The race to the South Pole was between Captain Scott and the Norwegian
explorer Roald Amundsen. Captain Scott left London to begin his journey to
Antarctica on 1 June, 1910. On his way to Antarctica, he received a message
from Amundsen 1. __________ said he was going south, too. Then the race
began.
To get prepared for their journeys the next year, both teams organised their
food 2. ______(base)during the polar summer of 1910—1911. Then came the
total 3. _________(dark) of the polar winter. The two explorers waited
which/that
bases
darkness
4. _________(anxious) for spring. The first to leave was Amundsen, who set off
on 8 September, 1911, with teams of dogs 5. _______(pull) the sledges. All his
men were on skis. Because of this, he made rapid progress. On 1 November,
Scott left and soon 6. ____(have) problems. His two sledges broke down and
then the horses began to have serious difficulties with the snow and the cold.
As 7. __ result, Scott and his men had to push the sledges 8. __________(them).
So, when Scott and his four team members finally arrived at the Pole, they
were shocked to see the Norwegian flag there. They realised that they had
failed to win the race.
anxiously
pulling
had
a
themselves
Then, they prepared for the return journey. It was one of 9. _________(bad)
in the history of exploration. They had to face 800 miles of hard pushing. They
were soon very tired and what was worse, they were running out 10. ___ food.
Unfortunately, they didn’t make it to their food bases. The news of Scott’s
death was really shocking. But the great courage shown by Scott and his team
members made them heroes.
the worst
of
03
要点精讲·核心突破
1. rescue n. &vt. 营救; 救援
They were eventually rescued by helicopter.
他们最后被直升机救走了。
【精要必记】
rescue sb. /sth. from. . . 把某人/某物从……营救出来
come to sb. ’s rescue(=rescue sb. )援救某人
【基础·练透】 单句语法填空
Helicopters rescued nearly 20 people _____ the roof of the burning building.
【写作·提升】 完成句子
我们来救他, 把他从河里拉了出来。
We ________________ and pulled him out of the river.
from
came to his rescue
2. trap vt. 困住; 使陷于危险中 n. 圈套; 陷阱
(2025·新高考Ⅰ卷)You try to lead the opponent into your trap and force them to follow your “guidance” till they lose. 你试图引导对手进入你的陷阱, 强迫他们听从你的“指引”, 直到他们失败。
【精要必记】
(1)be trapped in. . . 被困于……中, 陷入……中
trap sb. into doing sth. 诱骗某人做某事
(2)set a trap for 给……设圈套
fall into a trap 落入陷阱, 落入圈套
【基础·练透】 单句语法填空
①The two men died when they were trapped ___ a burning building.
②They trapped her ____ telling where the gift was hidden.
【写作·提升】 完成句子
(读后续写之动作描写)想了一会儿, 我们终于决定给这只生病的狗设个陷
阱, 然后它被抓住了。
After thinking for a while, we finally decided to _______________________,
and then it was caught.
in
into
set a trap for the sick dog
3. attempt n. &vt. 努力, 尝试, 企图 (attempted adj. 未遂的; 企图的)
It is worthwhile to make an attempt at the digital imaging technology, which helps
to improve efficiency.
数字成像技术值得尝试, 有助于提高工作效率。
【精要必记】
(1)make an attempt to do/at doing sth.
试图做某事
at one’s/the first attempt 第一次尝试
in an attempt to do 企图做, 尝试做
(2)attempt to do/at doing sth. 尝试做某事
【基础·练透】 单句语法填空
①Not many people can answer this question ___ the first attempt.
②(读后续写之动作描写)We were practically jogging in ___ attempt to keep
up with the boys ahead of us.
【写作·提升】 完成句子
(应用文之申请信)得知你们要举办中国画展览, 我尝试申请成为这次活动
的志愿者。
Hearing you are hosting a Chinese painting exhibition, I _________________
_____________ for the event.
at
an
attempt to apply to
be a volunteer
4. damage n. 伤害, 损伤, 损害 vt. 损害; 损毁
(经典例句)Strong winds had caused serious damage to the roof. 大风使屋顶
严重受损。
Once, when trying a certain trick on the beam, I fell onto the stones, damaging
a nerve in my hand.
有一次, 当我在横杆上尝试某种技巧时, 我摔到了石头上, 损坏了我手上的
神经。
She was psychologically damaged by her experiences.
她的经历对她的心理造成了伤害。
【精要必记】
do/cause damage to 给……带来/造成毁坏
be badly damaged 遭受严重损害
damage one’s health 损害某人的健康
[巧学助记]图解“破坏”各不同
[易混辨析]
destroy 指彻底毁坏, 所带来的损坏是不能修复的, 强调以具有摧毁
或杀伤性的力量把某物彻底毁掉; 也可用于比喻, 表示希望
破灭、计划落空等
damage 表示“损害, 损坏”, 度较轻, 所带来的损伤是可修复的
ruin 指彻底毁掉, 多用于美好的事物, 这种毁坏多是由自然力量、
个人疏忽等造成的, 但这种破坏不指使某物彻底消失, 而是
指长期损坏的结果
【基础·练透】 单句语法填空
The flood in August has caused great damage ___ our country.
【写作·提升】 完成句子/句式升级
①所有的科学证据都表明, 在农业中使用越来越多的化学品正在危害着我们的健康。
All the scientific evidence shows that increasing use of chemicals in farming
_____________________.
②(应用文之环境保护)Earthquakes have happened in many places recently and
did/caused significant damage.
→Earthquakes have happened in many places recently, ______________________
________.
to
is damaging our health
doing/causing significant
damage
5. measure vt. 估量, 衡量; 测量 n. 措施; 尺寸; 度
(教材原句)As you know, natural disasters like earthquakes, floods and
landslides can cause death and other loss and damage that is hard to measure.
如你所知, 地震、洪水和山体滑坡等自然灾害可能会导致死亡和其他难以
衡量的损失和损害。
【精要必记】
be measured by/in. . . 用……来计算/衡量
make. . . to one’s measure 按某人的尺寸定做……
take measures (to do sth. ) 采取措施(做某事)
【知识深一度】
巧用measure两提醒
(1)measure表示“措施”之意时, 常用其复数形式measures。
(2)measure表示“量; 有……长(宽、高等)”时, 是连系动词, 后跟量的结果,
不用被动语态及进行时态; 作定语时要用现在分词。
【基础·练透】 写出下列句中measure的含义
①We must pay attention to these problems and take effective measures to
solve them. _____
②This line measures four times as long as that one. _______
③It seemed as if the suit was made to his own measure. _____
④This smart keyboard precisely measures the cadence (节奏) with which one
types and the pressure fingers apply to each key. _____
措施
量度为
尺寸
测量
【写作·提升】 完成句子
(应用文之观点表达)我们必须采取有效措施防止当地村民砍伐森林里的树
木。
We must _______________________________________________________
_____________ in the forest.
take effective measures to prevent local villagers (from) cutting
down the trees
6. operation n. 行动, 活动; 手术; 操作 (operator n. 操作人员; 技工; 接线员;
经营者)
Doctors performed an emergency operation on him last night. 昨晚医生给他
做了紧急手术。
The young woman is operating a store of her own, so she has rather flexible
working hours. 这位年轻女子经营着自己的商店, 所以她的工作时间相当灵
活。
【图解助记】
【基础·练透】 单句语法填空
①When the machine is ___ operation, keep away from it.
②Having seen the X-ray, the doctor decided to operate ___ the patient.
【写作·提升】 完成句子
①新规定从下周起实施。
The new rules _____________________ from next week.
②这是一个很好的计划, 而他正是实施这个计划的人选。
It’s a wonderful scheme, and he’s just the man __________________________.
in
on
come/go into operation
to bring/put it into operation
7. protection n. 保护; 防护 (protect vt. 保护)
(教材原句)You’ve told us a lot about how you conduct rescue attempts, but
could you please tell us more about protection
你已经告诉了我们很多关于你是如何进行救援尝试的, 但你能告诉我们更
多关于保护的信息吗
【精要必记】
(1)under the protection of sb. =under sb. ’s protection
在某人的保护下
(2)protect. . . against/from. . . 保护……免受……
[巧学助记]
图文助记protect, guard和defend
[易混辨析]
protect 指采取一定措施, 使用某些器具以保护人或物免遭损害, 使
用广泛
defend 着重指用武力抵御攻击和侵犯。另表示“为……辩护”
guard 强调通过看守警戒, 以确保安
【基础·练透】 单句语法填空
①Little children live ______ the protection of their parents.
②They huddled together to protect themselves _____ the wind.
③In a word, each of us should attach more importance to the sight
__________(protect).
【写作·提升】 完成句子
(读后续写之动作描写)她用手遮住太阳以保护她的眼睛。
She ____________________________ with her hands.
under
from
protection
protected her eyes from the sun
8. breathe vi. &vt. 呼吸 (breath n. 呼吸)
(教材原句)This is because shouting can cause you to breathe in a dangerous
amount of dust.
这是因为大喊大叫会让你吸入大量危险的灰尘。
When we paused to catch our breath, Steve got down on one knee.
当我们停下来喘口气时, 史蒂夫单膝跪地。
【精要必记】
(1)breathe in 吸气
breathe out 呼气
(2)hold one’s breath 屏住呼吸
catch one’s breath 喘息; 屏息
lose one’s breath 喘不过气来
take a deep breath 深呼吸
(3)out of breath 上气不接下气
【基础·练透】 单句语法填空
①The higher they went, the more difficult it was to ________ (breath).
②We lifted our heads to breathe ___ the fresh, clear air.
③By the time I got to the top of the hill, I was quite ____ of breath.
【写作·提升】 完成句子
①那位老人上楼时总是气喘吁吁的。
While climbing up the stairs the old man always ______________.
②埃文斯先生宣读考试成绩时, 我们都屏息静听。
We all ______________ while Mr Evans read the exam results.
breathe
in
out
loses his breath
held our breath
9. break down停止运转, 出故障; (身体等)垮掉; 失败; 使分解
(教材原句)First, his two sledges broke down and then the horses began to have
serious difficulties with the snow and the cold. 先是他的两辆雪橇坏了, 后来马匹
开始在大雪和严寒的天气下出现严重问题。
The plastic can take hundreds of years to break down. 塑料需要几百年才能分解。
Armed conflict may break out at any moment.
武装冲突一触即发。
There was no one nearby who might see him trying to break into the house.
附近没有人可能会看见他试图闯入房子里。
【图解助记】
【基础·练透】 写出下列句中break down的含义/用break的有关短语填空
①His health broke down at last; I think it was because he had overworked. _____
②The two countries are going to meet to break down some barriers to trade between
them. _____
③Sugar and starch(淀粉)are broken down in the stomach. _____
④For example, if you were late because your car broke down, maybe you need to
have your car examined more regularly. _______
⑤He predicted that a war would _________.
⑥They ________ and made off with all the furniture.
⑦They had no choice but to _________.
垮掉
消除
分解
出故障
break out
broke in
break up
10. 完倒装
(教材原句)Then came the total darkness of the polar winter. 接着漆黑的极地冬夜
来临了。
[句型解构]
该句为完倒装语序, 主语为the total darkness of the polar winter, 谓语为came。
所谓完倒装, 就是将谓语动词置于主语前。构成完倒装的条件:
(1)表示地点的副词here, there, up, down, out, in, away; 表示时间的副词now, then;
表语以及表示地点的介词短语位于句首。
(2)句子的谓语动词是系动词be或come, go, lie, stand等不及物动词。
(3)句子的主语是名词。
【知识延伸】
(1)这种完倒装结构的时态只限于一般现在时或一般过去时。
(2)谓语动词的单复数视后面主语的单复数而定。
(3)主语为代词时句子不使用完倒装。
【基础·练透】 单句语法填空
①_________(stand) inside the classroom is my English teacher.
②At the foot of the mountain ____(lie) an old village which has a beautiful view.
Standing
lies
【写作·提升】 完成句子
①在桥的附近有两间古老的茅舍。
___________________ two old cottages.
②当我们中国人在国外需要帮助的时候, (记得)我们身后永远有一个强大
的祖国。
When we Chinese need help in a foreign land, at our back ______________
___________ forever.
Near the bridge were
stands a strong
motherland
11. have+宾语十宾语补足语
(教材原句)He had teams of dogs pulling the sledges and all his men were on
skis.
他让成群的狗拉着雪橇, 所有人都坐在滑雪板上。
[句型解构]
本句使用了“have+宾语+宾语补足语”, 其中have是使役动词, 意为“使, 叫,
让”。
【基础·练透】 单句语法填空
①Doctors tried to have him _________(breathe), but it was too late.
②As we left we had a photograph ______(take)together.
【写作·提升】 完成句子
(读后续写之动作、神情描写)Richard在听到这个坏消息后很沮丧, 双臂交
叉。
Richard felt upset and ___________________ after hearing the bad news.
breathing
taken
had his arms crossed
【要点拾遗】
1. conduct vt. 实施; 进行; 执行 vi. & vt. 指挥 n. 行为举止; 实施办法
(应用文之活动报道)Recently, we conducted a survey on short-sightedness
among the fifty students in our class. 最近, 我们在我们班的50名学生中进行
了一项关于近视的调查。
We condemned him for his bad conduct.
我们因为他行为不良而指责他。
【图解助记】
【基础·练透】 单句语法填空
①The orchestra ____________(conduct)by John Williams.
②He conducted _______(he)far better than expected.
【写作·提升】 完成句子
①此外, 我想对潜在买家进行调查。
Moreover, I would like to ________________ on the potential buyers.
②孩子们因品行端正而受奖励。
The children _____________________________.
is conducted
himself
conduct a survey
were rewarded for good conduct
2. preparation n. 预备, 准备 (prepare vt. 把……准备好 prepared adj. 准备
好的; 愿意(做……)的)
(教材原句)During the polar summer of 1910—1911, both teams organised
food bases in preparation for their journeys the next year.
在1910—1911年的极地的夏季, 两支队伍都建了食品储备点, 为来年的旅
做准备。
I used to keep hens when I was younger and had to prepare their breakfast
each morning before I went to school.
我过去小时候养过母鸡, 每天早晨上学前都要为它们准备早餐。
【精要必记】
(1)make preparations for 为……做准备
in preparation for 准备
(2)prepare for 为……做准备
prepare sb. for sth. 使某人为某事做准备
be prepared for 为……做准备
【基础·练透】 单句语法填空
①Students are busy reviewing their lessons ___ preparation for the final exams.
②We are making ____________ (prepare) for the coming exam.
③Studying hard isn’t always fun, but I’ll be well _________ (prepare) for university
or whatever else comes in the future.
④Knowing you are still wondering how to prepare ____ the Chinese song contest,
I would like to give some advice.
【写作·提升】 完成句子
虽然这些单词很难, 但我已经做好了充分的准备去记忆它们。
Although the words are difficult, I ________________________________.
in
preparations
prepared
for
am well prepared to remember them
3. run out(of)用完; 耗尽
(教材原句)Well, I’d love to know more, but, unfortunately, we’ve run out of
time. 嗯, 我很想知道更多, 但不幸的是, 我们已经没有时间了。
【精要必记】
run across 偶然遇到
run after 追逐; 追踪
run into 撞上; 偶然碰见
【基础·练透】 单句语法填空
①(读后续写之背景描写)I lasted over a week, living in a dirty hotel until my
money started to run ____.
②The taxi ran ____ the bike and the man on the bike was thrown off.
③I ran ______ one of my old friends when I was walking in the street the other
day.
out
into
across
【词汇要点微练】
Ⅰ. 熟词生义
1. The sport has a strict code of conduct. _________
2. Most of the food we buy is processed in some way. __________
行为规范
加工; 处理
Ⅱ. 词缀微练
-ly常用于形容词后构成副词
1. 根据构词法和所给例词填空
anxious adj. →anxiously adv. 焦虑地; 不安地
(1)short adj. →_______ adv. 不久, 很快
(2)immediate adj. →____________ adv. 立即, 马上
(3)ultimate adj. →__________ adv. 最终, 最后
shortly
immediately
ultimately
2. 根据构词法填写所给词的正确形式
(1)(2024·新高考Ⅰ卷·阅读理解B)“I am not crazy, ” says Dr. William Farber,
_______(short)after performing acupuncture (针灸)on a rabbit.
(2)(2025·八省联考·阅读理解D)Half of the exercisers did circuit training on
an exercise bike for 35 minutes ____________ (immediate)after the test.
(3)(2024·北京高考·阅读理解C)The 18th-century philosopher Kant argued
that the universe __________(ultimate) consists of things-in-themselves that
are unknowable.
shortly
immediately
ultimately
Ⅲ. 翻译句子
1. (2023·新高考Ⅰ卷·阅读理解C)You’ll hear these participants’ stories and
learn what strategies worked well for them, and what traps they encountered
that you should avoid.
你将会听到这些参与者的故事, 并了解到哪些策对他们很有效, 以及
_______________________________。
2. (2022·新高考Ⅱ卷·阅读理解C)Yet the problem, by just about any
measure, appears to be getting worse.
然而, _______________, 问题似乎都变得越来越糟。
他们遇到了哪些你应该避免的陷阱
以任何衡量标准
3. (2022·国甲卷·完形填空)And then in late November, Tilly had an
operation on her leg.
11月下旬, 蒂莉的腿_________。
4. (2024·国甲卷·阅读理解C)The annual arrival of the Saint Lukas is
another attempt to improve the situation.
圣卢卡斯号每年的抵达_________________________。
做了手术
是改善这种情况的又一尝试
04
语法精研·学思悟透
后缀(Suffixes)
【教材自主探究】
观察下列课文原句中的黑体词的构成并仿照填空
1. What preparations do they need to make
(prepare v. +-ation→preparation n. )
2. Scott and Amundsen waited anxiously for spring.
(_______________→anxiously adv. )
3. The return journey was one of the worst in the history of exploration.
(________________→exploration n. )
anxious adj. +-ly
explore v. +-ation
4. . . . we are unendlingly cheerful, but what each man feels in his heart I can
only guess.
(____________→cheerful adj. )
cheer n. +-ful
【语法精要点拨】
后缀是一种重要的构词法, 通过后缀常常可以判断出一个词的词性。
一个英语单词可以分为三个部分: 前缀(prefix), 词干(stem)及后缀(suffix)。
单词中位于词干前面的部分就是前缀。前缀, 可以改变单词的意思。在语
言学里, 后缀, 又称词尾, 是一种后置于其他词素后的词缀。常见的后缀有:
名词后缀 Example -ability, -ibility 表示“性能, 性质” possibility 可能性 probability
可能性
名词后缀 Example -er/-ar/-ur/-eer/-ier 表示 “……的人/物” fighter 战士, 战斗机 radar 雷达
-hood 表示“身份, 状况 , 性质” childhood 儿童期 brotherhood
手足之情
manhood 男子气概 neighborhood
邻里
-ion/-ation表示“情况, 状态” indication 指示 relaxation
放松
名词后缀 Example -ism表示“……主义, 行为, ……学, ……派” capitalism 资本主义 adventurism
冒险主义
realism 现实主义 tourism 旅游
-ist表示“……者, ……家” romanticist 浪漫主义作家 economist
经济学家
socialist 社会主义者 dentist
牙科医生
名词后缀 Example -ment表示“行为, 状态, 性质” improvement 改良, 进步 government
政府
movement 运动 management 管理
-ness表示“状态, 性质” eagerness 渴望 carelessness 粗心
darkness 黑暗 kindness 仁慈
-ship表示“状态, 状况, 身份, 技艺, 技能” friendship 友谊 partnership
合作伙伴
hardship 苦难 doctorship 博士学位
动词后缀 Example -en表示“使变成” harden使变硬 shorten使变短
形容词后缀 Example -able表示“可……的, 能……的” acceptable 可接受的 readable
可读(认)的
estimable值得敬重的 -al表示“具 有……性质的” colonial 殖民的 natural自然的
personal 个人的 professional 专业的
-ant, -ent表示 “……的” distant 遥远的 different不同的
形容词后缀 Example -ful表示“充满……” colorful 丰富多彩的 grateful
感谢的
-ish表示 “像……一般的” childish 幼稚的 bookish书生气的
-ive表示“有……性 质的, 有……作用的” instructive 有教育意义的 offensive
进攻性的
protective保护的 productive生产的
形容词后缀 Example -less表示“没 有……的” jobless 失业的 tireless不倦的
fearless 无畏的 useless无用的
-like表示“有……性 质的, 像……的” childlike 孩子般的 warlike好战的
dreamlike 梦一般的 humanlike
像人类的
-ly表示“如……的, 有……特性的” manly 男子气概的 lovely可爱的
lively 有生气的, 精力充沛的 friendly友好的
形容词后缀 Example -some表示“易于…… 的, 有……倾向的” burdensome 累赘的, 沉重的 troublesome
麻烦的
wholesome 有益健康的 lonesome
孤独的
-y表示“充满, 包含” clumsy 笨拙的 tricky 狡猾的
irony 钢铁般的 rainy 下雨的
副词后缀 Example -ly表示“以…… 式” happily高兴地 successfully
成功地
-ward, -wards 表示 “向” upwards 向上 outwards 向外
【即学活用】 用所给单词的适当形式填空
(1)Mary was very ____ at the news, so she looked ______ at her husband, her eyes full
of ________. (sad)
(2)He _______ football very well and he was one of the best _______ in yesterday’s
football match. (play)
(3)Edison was a great ________. During his life he had many __________. (invent)
(4)You are so _____ to help me. Thank you for your _________. (kind)
(5)(2022·新高考Ⅱ卷)I had brought a children’s book to read. It had simple words
and ________(color)pictures—a perfect match for his age.
sad
sadly
sadness
played
players
inventor
inventions
kind
kindness
colorful
(6)(2022·国甲卷)Knowing some tips will help ensure that you have an
_________(enjoy)meal with friends or family—no matter where you are in the world.
(7)I practised singing in the bedroom every day to remain at my best and be
___________(compete)for roles; my brother would meditate on a window seat.
(8)By planning ahead and keeping calm during an earthquake, you can greatly
increase your chances of ________(survive)without injury.
(9)Suddenly there was a small __________(move).
(10)People were amazed by the _______(end)view in front of our eyes, so was I.
(11)I had to help her regain her _______(able)to restart an independent life.
enjoyable
competitive
survival
movement
endless
ability
【语法要点微练】
Ⅰ. 写出下列加黑词的词性及后缀
1. (2023·新高考Ⅰ卷·阅读理解D)Most frequently, the groups reported that they
“shared arguments and reasoned together. ”___________
2. (2023·新高考Ⅱ卷·阅读理解D)They surveyed several hundred park-goers, asking
them to submit a written summary online of a meaningful interaction they had with
nature in the park. ____________
3. (2024·新高考Ⅰ卷·阅读理解C)Audio (音频) and video can feel more engaging
than text, and so university teachers increasingly turn to these technologies. ________
名词, -ment
形容词, -ful
副词, -ly
Ⅱ. 单句语法填空
1. (2025·八省联考·七选五)As a Friend, your membership provides essential annual
support to help sustain the continued excellence and ________ (diverse) of the
Museum’s educational programs.
2. (2024·国甲卷·七选五)Eating alone, specially in front of the TV or computer,
often leads to _________ (mind)overeating.
3. (2024·新高考Ⅱ卷·完形填空)Each town has its own ___________(tradition)dish,
and every family keeps a recipe passed from one generation to another.
4. (2024·新高考Ⅰ卷· 语法填空)The latest engineering techniques are applied to
create this __________ (protect)functional structure that is also beautiful.
diversity
mindless
traditional
protective
Ⅲ. 单句写作
1. (2023·国甲卷· 语法填空)_____________________________, Carson’s
story ends with an accusation instead of a moral.
与传统寓言不同, 卡森的故事以指控而不是道德结束。
2. (2023·新高考Ⅰ卷·完形填空)Bailey took her arm to see _______________
________________.
贝利挽着她的胳膊, 看看她能不能在帮助下向前走。
Different from traditional fables
if she could walk
forward with aid
3. (2023·新高考Ⅰ卷·阅读理解B)You put organisms __________________ and
observe what’s happening.
你把生物体放在新的关系中, 然后观察正在发生的事情。
4. (2022·国乙卷·阅读理解C)The more regularly they can be inspected,
___________________________________________________________
_________.
铁路越定期被检查, 它们的安性、可靠性和准点率就会越高。
in new relationships
the more railway safety, reliability and on-time performance will be
improved
