Unit 5 Great inventions语法专项课件(共30张PPT) 一般过去时的被动语态-2025-2026学年冀教版英语八年级下册

(共30张PPT)
教学课件
冀教英语八年级下册
Unit5 语法专项—— 一般过去时的被动语态
全解精讲+分层练习
学习目标
掌握一般过去时被动语态的定义与适用场景
熟记肯定、否定、疑问三类基本句式结构
能熟练完成主动与过去时被动语态的转换
准确运用规则和不规则动词的过去分词
在不同题型中规范使用该语法知识点
一般过去时的被动语态定义
描述过去某个时间发生的被动动作
主语是动作的承受者，而非执行者
核心强调过去动作“被完成”的状态
区别于现在时被动：聚焦过去的动作或事实
常用时间标志：yesterday, last year, in the past, ago
一般过去时被动语态—肯定句
基本结构：主语 + was/were + 动词过去分词
单数主语/I/he/she/it 搭配was
复数主语/you/we/they 搭配were
例句：Paper was invented in ancient China.
例句：Many new parks were built in our city last year.
was/were选用小技巧
看主语单复数直接判定，无需考虑人称
单数名词、不可数名词作主语，用was
复数名词、复数代词作主语，用were
单个事物用was，多个事物用were
例句：The letter was sent yesterday. / The letters were sent yesterday.
一般过去时被动语态—否定句
基本结构：主语 + was/were + not + 动词过去分词
常用缩写：wasn’t = was not；weren’t = were not
表示过去某个动作未被执行
例句：Computers weren’t widely used in the 1980s.
例句：The problem wasn’t solved last week.
一般过去时被动语态—一般疑问句
基本结构：Was/Were + 主语 + 动词过去分词？
句首be动词随主语单复数变化
回答用Yes/No，后接简短形式呼应was/were
例句：Was the book written by a famous writer
肯定回答：Yes, it was. 否定回答：No, it wasn’t.
一般过去时被动语态—特殊疑问句
基本结构：疑问词 + was/were + 主语 + 动词过去分词？
常用疑问词：when/where/who/how/what
用于提问过去被动动作的时间、地点、执行者
例句：When was the telephone invented
例句：Where were these photos taken
核心用法一：描述过去完成的被动动作
不知道动作执行者时，使用该语态
动作执行者不重要，无需提及的时候
例句：An old bridge was built near the village many years ago.
例句：A new library was opened in our school last month.
核心用法二：描述过去的客观事实/历史事件
多用于历史、发明、科技、文化等话题
表述公认的、过去发生的客观事实
例句：The Great Wall was built in ancient China.
例句：TV was invented in the 20th century.
主动语态变过去时被动语态—转换原则
只改变语态，不改变时态和句子原意
时间、地点、方式等状语保持不变
可根据需要保留或省略动作执行者
转换后句子的逻辑主语为原句宾语
例句：People built this tower in 1990. → 宾语this tower变主语
主动变过去时被动—四步转换法
第一步：将主动句的宾语变为被动句的主语
第二步：根据新主语单复数选was或were
第三步：将主动句的动词变为过去分词形式
第四步：可选加by + 原主语，说明动作执行者
主动变被动—例句演示（单数主语）
主动句：A writer wrote this novel in 2000.
第一步：this novel 变主语
第二步：单数主语用was
第三步：wrote 变 written
第四步：加by a writer
被动句：This novel was written by a writer in 2000.
主动变被动—例句演示（复数主语）
主动句：They built many roads in this town last year.
第一步：many roads 变主语
第二步：复数主语用were
第三步：built 保持 built（过去分词同过去式）
第四步：加by them
被动句：Many roads were built by them in this town last year.
过去分词变化规则—规则动词（1）
一般情况：动词末尾直接加-ed
use → used clean → cleaned all → called help → helped
过去分词变化规则—规则动词（2）
以e结尾的动词：直接加-d
invent → invented like → liked live → lived change → changed
过去分词变化规则—规则动词（3）
辅音字母+y结尾：变y为i，再加-ed
study → studied try → tried worry → worried carry → carried
过去分词变化规则—规则动词（4）
重读闭音节结尾+末尾单辅音：双写辅音加-ed
stop → stopped plan → planned drop → dropped fit → fitted
常考不规则动词过去分词（必背）
write → written make → made
take → taken see → seen
do → done go → gone
eat → eaten give → given
build → built invent → invented
易混点区分—一般现在vs一般过去被动
一般现在被动：描述经常性、习惯性的被动动作
标志词：every day, often, usually, always
一般过去被动：描述过去发生的一次性被动动作
标志词：yesterday, last, in the past, ...ago
常见易错点（一）
混淆was/were的使用，单复数主语搭配错误
错误：The flowers was watered yesterday.
正确：The flowers were watered yesterday.
错误：A new school were built last year.
正确：A new school was built last year.
常见易错点（二）
缺少was/were，直接用过去分词作谓语
错误：The letter sent by my mother yesterday.
正确：The letter was sent by my mother yesterday.
错误：Many trees planted in the park last spring.
正确：Many trees were planted in the park last spring.
常见易错点（三）
误用动词过去式代替过去分词
错误：The book was write by Lu Xun.
正确：The book was written by Lu Xun.
错误：The photo was take last summer.
正确：The photo was taken last summer.
单项选择
1.The old building ______ in 1950. A. build B. was built C. is built
2.______ this song ______ by a young singer last year
A. Was; sung B. Did; sing C. Is; sung
3.These photos ______ in Beijing on my trip last month.
A. take B. were taken C. are taken
4.The problem ______ by the teacher ten minutes ago.
A. was solved B. solved C. is solved
5.The letter ______ by my father because he was busy.
A. wasn’t send B. weren’t sent C. wasn’t sent
B
A
B
A
C
6.When ______ the first train ______ in China
A. was; invent B. was; invented C. is; invented
7.Many new books ______ to the school library last week.
A. were given B. gave C. are given
8.—Who ______ the classroom yesterday —It ______ by Tom.
A. cleaned; was cleaned B. clean; is cleaned
9.The window ______ broken by a little boy just now. A. was B. were C. is
10.Rice ______ in the north of China many years ago.
A. wasn’t grown B. didn’t grow C. isn’t grown
B
A
A
A
A
用所给动词的正确形式填空
1.A new hospital ___________ (build) in our city last year.
2.The little girl ___________ (save) by a policeman yesterday.
3.These books _______________ (not read) by students last month.
4.___________ the film ___________ (direct) by a famous director
5.The letter ___________ (send) by my sister three days ago.
was built
was saved
weren’t read
Was directed
was sent
6.Many trees _____________ (plant) along the road last spring.
7.The problem ___________ (solve) by Tom with his friend last week.
8.This novel ______________ (write) by a famous writer in 1998.
9.The old photo ______________ (not take) in Shanghai.
10.The children ___________ (tell) a story by their teacher yesterday.
were planted
was solved
was written
wasn’t taken
were told
将主动句改为被动句
1.People invented the wheel in ancient times.
2.My mother bought a new watch for me yesterday.
3.The teacher corrected our homework after class.
4.They held a sports meeting in our school last week.
5.A famous artist drew this picture in 2010.
The wheel was invented in ancient times by people.
A new watch was bought for me by my mother yesterday.
Our homework was corrected by the teacher after class.
A sports meeting was held in our school last week by them.
This picture was drawn by a famous artist in 2010.
填空
Last summer, I visited a small village. A lot of changes 1.____________ (happen) there. Many new houses 2.___________ (build) by the villagers. A new road 3.___________ (make) between the village and the town. A small hospital 4.___________ (open) in the village, too. All these changes 5.___________ (bring) a better life to the villagers.
happened
were built
was made
was opened
brought
单元核心总结（一）
一般过去时被动语态核心结构：主语+was/were+过去分词
否定式：was/were+not+过去分词；
疑问式：Was/Were+主语+过去分词
was搭配单数主语，were搭配复数主语
核心用途：描述过去被动动作、过去客观历史事实
单元核心总结（二）
主动变被动四步法：宾变主→选was/were→变过去分词→加by（可选）
牢记规则动词过去分词变化，熟记不规则动词过去分词
避免三大易错点：was/were混用、缺be动词、过去式代过去分词
时间标志词是判断时态的关键，注意区分现在/过去被动
教学课件
Unit5 语法专项—— 一般过去时的被动语态
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