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教学课件
冀教英语八年级上册
Unit1 语法专项—— 简单句
全解精讲+分层练习
学习目标
理解简单句的定义与基本特征
熟练掌握简单句五大基本结构
准确判断句子所属句型
熟练进行句型转换与句子仿写
能用简单句描述班级、朋友与日常
什么是简单句
由一个主语和一个谓语构成
只表达一个完整的意思
是并列句和复合句的构成基础
可带有状语、定语等修饰成分
修饰成分不改变简单句的基本属性
句型一 主语+谓语(SV)
谓语动词为不及物动词,后面不能直接跟宾语
句子意思完整,可添加时间、地点等状语
常见不及物动词:run、come、go、rise、laugh
例句:The sun rises.
例句:They laugh loudly.
句型二 主语+谓语+表语(SP)
谓语为系动词,表语用于说明主语的特征或状态
表语常由形容词、名词、介词短语充当
核心系动词:be、look、feel、sound、taste
例句:Friendship is important.
例句:The music sounds wonderful.
SP结构常用系动词
be动词:am、is、are、was、were
感官类系动词:look、sound、smell、taste、feel
变化类系动词:become、get、turn
保持类系动词:keep、stay
例句:The food tastes delicious.
句型三 主语+谓语+宾语(SVO)
谓语动词为及物动词,必须跟宾语语义才完整
宾语是动作的承受者,可表示人或事物
常见及物动词:like、read、learn、help、finish
例句:I like my best friend.
例句:He reads English every morning.
句型四 主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语(SVOO)
间接宾语表示人,直接宾语表示事物
可互换为:动词+直接宾语+to/for+间接宾语
高频双宾语动词:give、send、buy、tell、lend
例句:Mary sent her mother some flowers.
例句:I bought my sister a new pen.
SVOO结构转换规则
give sb. sth. = give sth. to sb.
buy sb. sth. = buy sth. for sb.
send sb. sth. = send sth. to sb.
tell sb. sth. = tell sth. to sb.
双宾语位置可换,语义保持不变
句型五 主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语(SVOC)
宾语补足语用于补充说明宾语的动作或状态
缺少宾补,句子语义不完整
高频动词:make、find、call、ask、keep
宾补可由形容词、名词、动词原形等充当
例句:We found the book interesting.
SVOC结构常见宾补形式
形容词作宾补:make the classroom clean
名词作宾补:call him a hero
动词原形作宾补:let him go
现在分词作宾补:find her reading
例句:They made their classroom clean.
五大句型快速对比
句型 结构特点 核心标志
SV 主谓完整,无宾语 不及物动词
SP 主系表,说明状态 系动词
SVO 动宾结构,动作有对象 及物动词
SVOO 动作涉及人+物 双宾语
SVOC 补充说明宾语状态 宾语补足语
句型判断技巧
看到系动词,优先判断为SP结构
动词后接人+物两个宾语,为SVOO
动词后仅接动作对象,为SVO
宾语后有补充说明成分,为SVOC
动词本身语义完整,为SV
SVOO与SVOC易混辨析
SVOO:两个宾语相互独立,可拆分互换
SVOC:宾补依附宾语,不可拆分
测试方法:宾语+be+宾补,语句通顺则为SVOC
例句:We made him happy. → He is happy.
例句:I gave him a book. (双宾语,不可用此测试)
基础练习一 句型判断
1.We are good friends. ( ) A. SV B. SP C. SVO D. SVOO
2.He runs every morning. ( )A. SV B. SP C. SVO D. SVOC
3.She teaches us English. ( )A. SV B. SVO C. SVOO D. SVOC
4.They made the desk clean. ( )A. SV B. SP C. SVO D. SVOC
5.I like fresh fruit. ( )A. SV B. SP C. SVO D. SVOO
B
A
C
D
C
基础练习一 句型判断
6.The cake tastes sweet. ( )A. SV B. SP C. SVO D. SVOC
7.He told me a story. ( )A. SV B. SP C. SVOO D. SVOC
8.Birds fly in the sky. ( )A. SV B. SP C. SVO D. SVOO
9.We call her Lily. ( )A. SV B. SP C. SVO D. SVOC
10.She finishes homework on time. ( )A. SV B. SP C. SVO D. SVOO
B
C
A
D
C
提升练习二 句型转换
1.改为SVOO:He gave a gift to me.
2.改为SP:She looks beautiful.
3.改为SVOC:I think that he is clever.
4.改为SVO:He is a good student.
5.改为SVOO:I bought a bag for her.
He gave me a gift.
She is beautiful.
I find him clever.
I like the good student.
I bought her a bag.
提升练习二 句型转换
6.改为SVOC:We find that the game is fun.
7.改为SP:The milk feels cold.
8.改为SVO:She is my good deskmate.
9.改为SVOO:She showed a picture to us.
10.改为SVOC:They know that she is honest.
We find the game fun.
The milk is cold.
I know my good deskmate.
She showed us a picture.
They know her honest.
应用练习三 按要求写句子
1.用SV结构写校园生活句子
2.用SP结构描述朋友
3.用SVO结构表达个人喜好
4.用SVOO结构写赠送物品句子
5.用SVOC结构表达个人感受
Class begins at eight.
My friend is kind.
I enjoy playing basketball.
I gave my friend a card.
I find the lesson easy.
应用练习三 按要求写句子
6.用SV结构写班级活动句子
7.用SP结构描述学科特点
8.用SVO结构写新学期计划
9.用SVOO结构写分享物品句子
10.用SVOC结构评价自己的班级
We play games after class.
English is useful.
I will study hard.
I shared my cake with her.
We make our class warm.
拓展练习四 单句改错
1.He go to school early every day.
2.She feel very happy today.
3.I bought a book to him yesterday.
4.They made the room cleanly.
5.The music sound beautiful.
go→goes
feel→feels
to→for
cleanly→clean
sound→sounds
拓展练习五 选择填空
6.The story _________ interesting.(is/are)
7.He _________ me a nice present last week.(give/gave)
8.We find the movie _________.(excited/exciting)
9.She taught _________ English.(we/us)
10.Keep your room _________.(clean/cleaning)
is
gave
exciting
us
clean
综合练习七 翻译句子
我们的友谊很珍贵。
他每天努力学习。
妈妈给我买了一件新外套。
我们发现这个故事很有趣。
我喜欢我的新同学。
Our friendship is precious.
He studies hard every day.
My mother bought me a new coat.
We find the story very interesting.
I like my new classmates.
总结
系动词后必须接表语,不接宾语
双宾语动词后接人再接物,介词用to或for
宾补常用形容词,不用副词修饰
不及物动词不能直接加宾语
主谓一致,注意动词第三人称单数课堂小结
简单句只有一套主谓结构
教学课件
Unit1 语法专项—— 简单句
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