Unit 4 Role Models 语法专项课件(共31张PPT) 反身代词、动名词与 used to课件 2025-2026学年北师大英语八年级上册

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名称 Unit 4 Role Models 语法专项课件(共31张PPT) 反身代词、动名词与 used to课件 2025-2026学年北师大英语八年级上册
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(共31张PPT)
教学课件
北师大英语八年级上册
Unit4语法专项——反身代词、动名词与 used to
全解精讲+分层练习
学习目标
掌握反身代词的形式、用法及固定搭配,能精准匹配主语使用
熟记后接动名词的核心动词,熟练运用动词+V-ing结构
理解used to的语义,掌握其肯、否、疑问句式的正确变换
综合运用三类语法完成不同题型,提升语境应用能力
反身代词-核心概念
反身代词又称反射代词,是有专属人称变化的特殊代词
使用前提:句中主语和宾语的指代对象完全一致
动作由主语发出,且直接作用于主语自身,才会使用该代词
在句中可作动词/介词的宾语,也常出现在固定搭配中
不可随意替换普通代词,也不能单独作句子主语
反身代词-人称对应形式表
人称 单数形式 复数形式
第一人称 myself ourselves
第二人称 yourself yourselves
第三人称 himself/herself/itself themselves
记忆规律:一、二人称为形物代+self/selves,三人称为宾格+self/selves
反身代词-作介词宾语的用法
反身代词跟在介词后作宾语,仍遵循“主宾指代一致”原则
常搭配介词:by、for、to、in,多表动作的方式、对象或目的
by+反身代词为高频用法,表“独自、亲自”,无需他人协助
例:He did the experiment by himself.(他独自做了这个实验)
例:I prepared a gift for myself.(我给自己准备了一份礼物)
反身代词-高频固定搭配表(一)
固定搭配 中文含义 例句
enjoy oneself 玩得开心 We enjoyed ourselves at the party.
help oneself to 随便吃/用 Help yourself to some fruit.
teach oneself 自学 He teaches himself math.
by oneself 独自地 She lives by herself.
关键:搭配中oneself需根据主语的人称和数,对应变换形式
反身代词-高频固定搭配表(二)
固定搭配 中文含义 例句
look after oneself 照顾自己 You should learn to look after yourself.
lose oneself in 沉迷于 He lost himself in reading.
dress oneself 自己穿衣服 The kid can dress himself now.
come to oneself 恢复意识 She came to oneself ten minutes later.
关键后接名词/动名词时,搭配整体不变,仅变换反身代词形式
反身代词-用法易错点提醒
反身代词不可单独作主语,避免Myself went to school的错误表达
主语与宾语指代不同时,禁用反身代词,如:I helped her(非herself)
复数主语必须搭配复数反身代词,如:children对应yourselves而非yourself
可作同位语表强调,如:I myself made the cake(我亲自做了这个蛋糕)
不可与普通代词混用,如:He bought it for him(表自己则用himself)
动词+V-ing结构-核心概念
动名词由“动词原形+ing”构成,兼具动词和名词的语法特征
特定动词后只能接动名词作宾语,不可接动词不定式,为固定用法
这类动词多表“喜好、练习、完成、避免、建议”等语义,有明显特征
动名词作宾语时,紧跟谓语动词后,是句子的核心宾语成分
该结构的关键是分类熟记后接动名词的动词,无通用变形规律
后接V-ing的动词-喜好感受类
动词 中文含义 例句
enjoy 喜欢 I enjoy listening to music.
mind 介意 Do you mind closing the door
hate 讨厌 She hates getting up early.
prefer 更喜欢 He prefers staying at home.
此类动词表说话人的主观喜好、态度或感受,后接动名词表具体动作
后接V-ing的动词-行动完成类
动词 中文含义 例句
finish 完成 We finished doing homework.
practice 练习 She practices playing the piano.
avoid 避免 You should avoid making mistakes.
keep 坚持 He keeps running every morning.
此类动词表动作的“完成、练习、避免、持续、错过”,后接动名词表具体行为。
后接V-ing的动词-建议花费类
动词 中文含义 例句
suggest 建议 He suggested going for a walk.
imagine 想象 I can't imagine flying in the sky.
spend 花费 I spend an hour reading daily.
此类动词表“建议、想象、花费”,后接动名词为固定用法,无例外。
spend后接V-ing有固定结构:spend...(in) doing sth.,in可省略。
动词+V-ing结构-核心使用规则
动名词作宾语时,形式不随主语的人称、数变化,始终为V-ing
主语为三单时,仅谓语动词变三单形式,动名词保持不变
例:He practices playing football(practice变三单,play仍为playing)
疑问句中,谓语动词变相应形式,动名词依旧为V-ing,无需改动
否定式结构:don’t/doesn’t + 谓语动词原形 + V-ing
used to结构-核心概念
used to是特殊情态动词结构,后必须接动词原形,无形式变化
核心语义:表示过去常常做的事、存在的状态,现在已不再如此
使用的关键:突出“过去与现在的对比”,无对比则不用该结构
可表过去的习惯性动作,也可表过去的静态特征,适用范围广
例:I used to be short(我过去很矮),表过去的状态,现在已改变
used to-肯定句结构及用法
基本结构:主语 + used to + 动词原形
used to本身已表过去时态,后接动词原形,无需考虑三单、过去式
表过去习惯性动作:My father used to smoke(我爸爸过去经常抽烟)
表过去存在的状态:The river used to be clean(这条河过去很干净)
无需在动词原形后加任何后缀,这是该结构的核心使用原则
used to-否定句两种结构
结构形式 例句
主语 + didn’t use to + 动词原形 I didn’t use to like apples.
主语 + usedn’t to + 动词原形 She usedn’t to watch TV at night.
关键:否定句中,use需变回原形,后接的动词也始终为原形
used to-一般疑问句结构及回答
基本结构:Did + 主语 + use to + 动词原形?
疑问句中,used必须变回原形use,后接动词原形不变,无例外
肯定回答:Yes, 主语 + did.
否定回答:No, 主语 + didn’t.
例句:—Did you use to ride a bike to school —Yes, I did.
used to-特殊疑问句结构及用法
基本结构:疑问词 + Did + 主语 + use to + 动词原形?
常见疑问词:what/where/when/how/why,根据提问内容选择
疑问词在句首,后接一般疑问句语序,use为原形,后接动词原形
例句:What did you use to do on weekends (你过去周末常做什么?)
回答直接陈述过去的情况,无需再使用used to结构
used to-三大易混结构区分表
结构 中文含义 后接成分 例句
used to do 过去常常做某事 动词原形 I used to swim.
be used to doing 习惯于做某事 动名词(V-ing) I am used to swimming.
be used to do 被用来做某事 动词原形 Knives are used to cut things.
used to-用法易错点提醒
used to后必须接动词原形,避免used to doing的错误搭配
不可与一般过去时混淆,一般过去时无“现在不再如此”的语义
例:I played football(仅表过去踢足球,无现在不踢的含义)
主语为三单时,used to也无需变形式,始终为used to
否定/疑问句中,牢记将used变回use原形,这是最易出错的点
语法小练习(一)-反身代词填空
1.The little boy can wash ___________ now without his mom’s help.
2.We lost ___________ in the beautiful scenery of the mountain.
3.Boys and girls, help ___________ to some candies over there.
4.My brother taught ___________ to play the guitar when he was 15.
5.The cat hurt ___________ when it jumped off the wall.
himself
ourselves
yourselves
himself
itself
语法小练习(二)-动词+V-ing填空
1.She practices ___________ (sing) every morning to improve her voice.
2.Have you finished ___________ (read) the new book from the library
3.I suggest ___________ (go) to the cinema this weekend to watch a movie.
4.You should avoid ___________ (talk) loudly in the library.
5.Do you mind ___________ (open) the window It’s a little hot here.
singing
reading
going
talking
opening
语法小练习(三)-used to句式变换
根据要求变换句式,注意used to的变形规则
1.He used to play computer games.(改为否定句)
2.She used to live in a small village.(改为一般疑问句并作否定回答)
3.They used to go fishing on Sundays.(对划线部分提问)
He didn’t use to play computer games.
—Did she use to live in a small village —No, she didn’t.
What did they use to do on Sundays
综合练习(一)-单项选择
1.My sister enjoys ___________ pictures in her free time.
A. draw B. drawing C. to draw D. drew
2.—Did you ___________ to play tennis —Yes, I did. But now I play basketball.
A. use B. used C. using D. to use
3.The students finished ___________ their report before Friday.
A. write B. to write C. writing D. wrote
4.He didn’t ___________ to like spicy food, but now he loves it.
A. use B. used C. using D. uses
5.Help ___________ to some meat, Tom. It’s very delicious.
A. you B. yourself C. yourselves D. your
B
A
C
A
B
综合练习(二)-用所给词适当形式填空
综合考查反身代词、动词+V-ing、used to三类语法
1.They enjoyed ___________ (they) at the New Year’s party last night.
2.My father used to ___________ (drink) tea, but now he drinks coffee.
3.Do you mind me ___________ (sit) next to you
4.She taught ___________ (she) Japanese and can speak it well now.
5.We finished ___________ (clean) the classroom at 5 o’clock yesterday.
themselves
drink
sitting
herself
cleaning
综合练习(三)-完成句子
1.我过去常常步行去上学,但现在我坐公交车。
I ___________ ___________ go to school on foot, but now I take a bus.
2.他喜欢在晚上听故事。
He enjoys ___________ ___________ stories at night.
3.莉莉独自完成了她的家庭作业。
Lily finished her homework all by ___________.
4.你介意把音乐调小一点吗?
Do you mind ___________ ___________ the music
5.他们过去常在周末去爬山。
They ___________ ___________ climb mountains on weekends.
used to
listening to
herself
turning down
used to
综合练习(四)-句型转换
1.I used to go to the park every day.(改为否定句)
2.She enjoys cooking for her family.(对划线部分提问)
3.They finished doing their homework.(改为一般疑问句)
4.He taught himself English.(改为同义句)
5.Did your mother use to watch TV after dinner (作肯定回答)
I didn’t use to go to the park every day.
What does she enjoy doing for her family
Did they finish doing their homework
He learned English by himself.
Yes, she did.
语法知识梳理-反身代词
核心:主宾指代一致,表动作反射到自身,有专属人称形式
两大用法:作动词宾语、作介词宾语,均遵循核心原则
高频考点:固定搭配(enjoy/help/teach oneself等),需匹配主语变换形式
易错点:不可单独作主语,不可与普通代词混用,单复数对应一致
同义转换:teach oneself = learn...by oneself,考试常考转换
语法知识梳理-动词+V-ing
核心:特定动词后只能接动名词作宾语,不可接不定式
动词分类:喜好感受类、行动完成类、建议花费类,分类记忆更高效
使用规则:动名词形式不变,仅谓语动词随主语/句式变形
高频考点:mind/suggest/finish/practice的固定搭配,疑问句/否定式用法
易混点:与be used to doing区分,与可接不定式的动词区分
语法知识梳理-used to
核心:表过去的习惯/状态,现在已改变,突出过去与现在的对比
句式结构:肯定句直接用,否定/疑问句将used变回use原形
三大句式:肯定(used to do)、否定(didn’t use to do)、疑问(Did...use to do)
高频考点:与be used to doing/do的区分,句式变换,语境运用
易错点:后接动词原形,不可变形式,不与一般过去时混淆
教学课件
Unit4语法专项——反身代词、动名词与 used to
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