Unit 5 语法专项 动词不定式 后缀构词法课件(共32张PPT)2025-2026学年译林版英语八年级上册

(共32张PPT)
教学课件
译林英语八年级上册
Unit5 语法专项 +Word Power
动词不定式+后缀-ing/-ness/-ion构词法
全解精讲+分层练习
学习目标
掌握动词不定式三种核心用法（作宾语、目的状语、宾补）及句型
熟记不定式作宾补时带to/不带to的动词分类，精准运用
理解-ing/-ness/-ion后缀构词规则，掌握高频派生词
能完成填空、句型转换、单选、短文填空等多样题型
能在语境中综合运用本单元语法和词汇知识
语法核心一：动词 + to-infinitive（不定式作宾语）
核心定义：部分动词后接“to + 动词原形”，表达意愿、计划、尝试等
本质：不定式作动词的宾语，说明动作的具体内容
常见核心动词：want、decide、try、begin、learn、plan、promise
核心特征：不定式符号to不可省略，否定形式在to前加not
不定式作宾语 句型结构
肯定结构：主语 + 核心动词 + to + 动词原形 + 其他成分
例句：He wants to visit the history museum this weekend.
否定结构：主语 + 核心动词 + not + to + 动词原形 + 其他成分
例句：She promised not to tell anyone about the secret.
注意：主语为第三人称单数时，核心动词需变相应形式
不定式作宾语 高频动词+例句拓展
want（想要）→ She wants to learn to play the piano.
decide（决定）→ We decided to go camping next month.
try（尝试）→ He tries to finish his homework before dinner.
begin（开始）→ The concert began to start when we arrived.
learn（学习）→ They are learning to speak French.
plan（计划）→ I plan to travel to Yunnan during the holiday.
语法核心二：to-infinitive 表目的（不定式作目的状语）
核心定义：用“to + 动词原形”说明主句动作的目的，意为“为了……”
强调形式：in order to + 动词原形，语气更正式，可放句首或句末
核心特征：不定式逻辑主语与主句主语一致，不可省略to
不定式表目的 句型结构
基本形式：主语 + 谓语动词 + 其他成分 + to + 动词原形
例句：We study hard to get good grades in the exam.
强调形式（句首）：In order to + 动词原形 + 逗号 + 主句
例句：In order to catch the early train, they got up at 5 o'clock.
强调形式（句末）：主句 + in order to + 动词原形
例句：She saved money for years in order to buy a new house.
不定式表目的 易错点辨析
1.不可用for + 动词原形表目的，for后需接名词/动名词
错误：We went there for see the old friend.
正确：We went there to see the old friend.
2.in order to放句首时，后接动词原形，需加逗号分隔主句
3.目的状语可置于句首或句末，位置不影响语义
语法核心三：动词 + 宾语 + infinitive（不定式作宾补）
核心定义：动词后接“宾语 + 不定式”，补充说明宾语的动作
分类依据：不定式是否带to，分为三类核心动词
核心作用：明确宾语的具体行为，使句子语义更完整
否定形式：否定词not加在to前（带to类），不带to类直接加not
不定式作宾补三类动词分类表
类型 核心动词 句型结构 例句
带to ask、tell、invite、advise 主语+动词+宾语+to+动原 The teacher asked us to hand in homework.
不带to let、make、have（使役）；hear、see、watch（感官） 主语+动词+宾语+动原 The story made us laugh loudly.
可带可不带to help 主语+动词+宾语+(to)+动原 She helped me (to) carry the heavy box.
带to类宾补动词 用法详解
常见动词：ask（要求）、tell（告诉）、invite（邀请）、advise（建议）
否定结构：动词 + 宾语 + not + to + 动词原形
例句：Mom told me not to play computer games too late.
注意：此类动词后to不可省略，否定词必须放在to之前
不带to类宾补动词 用法详解
使役动词：let（让）、make（使）、have（使）
例句：Let him help you with the project. / The movie made her cry.
感官动词：hear（听见）、see（看见）、watch（观看）
例句：I saw her walk into the classroom.（强调动作全过程）
注意：此类动词后直接接动词原形，不可加to
help的特殊用法+宾补易错点
help后接不定式作宾补时，to可加可不加，两种形式均正确
例句：He helps his sister (to) do housework every weekend.
易错点1：make/let等不带to的动词，被动语态中需加to
例句：She was made to finish the work alone.（被动）
易错点2：感官动词see/hear等后接doing表正在进行，接do表全过程
Word Power 核心：后缀-ing/-ness/-ion构词法
三类后缀均用于将动词/形容词转化为名词
核心作用：拓展名词词汇量，明确词性转换逻辑
构词特征：不改变词根核心含义，仅改变词性
适用场景：书面表达、词汇填空等题型高频考查
后缀-ing 构词规则
构词基础：动词直接加-ing构成名词，表动作或动作结果
一般情况：动词 + -ing → reading（阅读）、writing（写作）
重读闭音节：双写末尾辅音字母 + -ing → shop→shopping、run→running
例句：Swimming is a good way to keep healthy.
注意：部分-ing形式可作动名词或现在分词，需结合语境判断
后缀-ness 构词规则
构词基础：形容词直接加-ness构成名词，表性质或状态
一般情况：形容词 + -ness → kindness（善良）、happiness（快乐）
以y结尾形容词：直接加-ness → sadness（难过）、laziness（懒惰）
例句：Her kindness and warmth made her popular among classmates.
注意：加后缀后词性变为名词，可作主语、宾语等成分
后缀-ion 构词规则
构词基础：多数动词去e加-ion，部分特殊变化
去e加-ion：act→action（行动）、protect→protection（保护）
特殊变化：decide→decision（决定）、invite→invitation（邀请）
例句：We need to take action to protect the environment.
注意：部分动词需先变拼写再加-ion，需单独记忆特殊变化
构词法高频派生词列表
后缀 词根（动/形） 派生词（名词） 例句
-ing read、play、swim reading、playing、swimming Reading broadens our horizons.
-ness kind、sad、happy kindness、sadness、happiness His happiness is contagious.
-ion act、decide、invite action、decision、invitation I received an invitation to the party.
语法小练1：不定式作宾语 填空
1.She ______________ (want, drink) a cup of milk.
2.He ________________ (decide, not join) the English club.
3.They ______________ (begin, prepare) for the exam last week.
4.We ______________ (try, solve) the problem together.
5.I ______________ (plan, visit) my aunt this summer vacation.
6.She _________________ (promise, help) me with my math.
wants to drink
decided not to join
began to prepare
try to solve
plan to visit
promised to help
语法小练2：不定式表目的 填空
1.They went to the library ______________ (borrow) some books.
2._________________ (improve) his speaking skills, he practices every day.
3.She stayed up late ______________ (finish) the report.
4.We planted many trees ______________ (make) the city greener.
5.He took a taxi ______________ (not be) late for the meeting.
6.In order to ______________ (save) energy, we turn off the lights.
to borrow
In order to improve
to finish
to make
not to be
save
语法小练3：不定式作宾补 填空
1.The teacher _________________ (tell, us, not be) late for class.
2.My parents let me ______________ (watch) TV for 30 minutes.
3.I heard her ______________ (sing) a beautiful song in the next room.
4.She ________________ (ask, him, help) her with the heavy bags.
5.The funny movie made us ______________ (laugh) a lot.
6.He ______________________ (help, me, (to) repair) my broken bike.
told us not to be
watch
sing
asked him to help
laugh
helped me (to) repair
词汇小练：构词法 填空
1.Her ______________ (kind) made everyone like her.
2.We need to take ______________ (act) before it's too late.
3.______________ (read) is my favorite hobby in my free time.
4.His ______________ (decide) to study abroad surprised his family.
5.The ______________ (happy) of the children is what we care about.
6.She is interested in ______________ (shop) on weekends.
kindness
action
Reading
decision
happiness
shopping
句型转换小练
1.He wants to go to the cinema.（改为否定句）
He ______________ ______________ ______________ go to the cinema.
2.We work hard to support our family.（用in order to改写）
We work hard ______________ ______________ ______________ support our family.
3.The doctor told her to take medicine twice a day.（改为否定句）
The doctor told her ______________ ______________ ______________ medicine twice a day.
doesn't want to
in order to
not to take
4.She helps me (to) clean the room.（改为一般疑问句）
______________ she ______________ you (to) clean the room
5.I hope to climb the mountain.（对划线部分提问）
______________ ____________ you hope ______________ ______________
6.It's important to learn English well.（改为同义句）
We need ______________ ______________ English well.
Does help
What do to do
to learn
单项选择小练
1.She decided ______________ a part-time job during the holiday.
A. get B. getting C. to get D. got
2.They came early ______________ a good seat.
A. to get B. get C. getting D. got
3.The teacher asked us ______________ in class.
A. not talk B. not to talk C. don't talk D. not talking
4.The music made the baby ______________ quietly.
A. sleep B. to sleep C. sleeping D. slept
C
A
B
A
5.______________ improve his grades, he studies very hard.
A. In order to B. So that C. Because D. For
6.I saw him ______________ the ball into the basket.
A. throw B. to throw C. throwing D. thrown
7.She helps her mother ______________ housework every day.
A. do B. to do C. doing D. A and B
8.He promised ______________ the same mistake again.
A. not make B. not to make C. don't make D. not making
A
A
D
B
短文填空小练 用括号内单词的正确形式填空
We had a school trip last Friday. We wanted ______________ (visit) the science museum. Our teacher told us ______________ (not touch) the exhibits. We watched the scientists ______________ (do) experiments. In order to ______________ (learn) more, we asked many questions. We also learned about the ______________ (important) of science. Everyone enjoyed the trip and the ______________ (happy) on our faces was obvious.
to visit
not to touch
do
learn
importance
happiness
短文填空小练
Lisa is a hard-working student. She plans ______________ (enter) a good high school. In order to ______________ (achieve) her goal, she studies late every night. Her parents often tell her ______________ (not work) too hard. She tries ______________ (balance) study and rest. Her teacher helps her ______________ (improve) her weak subjects. She believes that her ______________ (decide) to keep trying will bring her success. Her ______________ (kind) to her classmates also makes her popular.
to enter
achieve
not to work
to balance
(to) improve
decision
kindness
改错题小练
1.He wants not to stay at home alone.
错误：______________ 改正：______________
2.We went to the park for have a picnic.
错误：______________ 改正：______________
3.The boss made the workers to work overtime.
错误：______________ 改正：______________
4.It's necessary learn to communicate with others.
错误：______________ 改正：______________
5.She decided not buying the expensive dress.
错误：______________ 改正：______________
6.His kind made all the people around him moved.
错误：______________ 改正：______________
wants not to doesn't want to
for have to have
to work work
necessary learn necessary to learn
not buying not to buy
kind kindness
单元重点 易混点辨析
1.不定式作宾语：核心动词后必须加to，否定式not在to前
2.不定式作宾补：使役/感官动词后不带to，被动语态需加to
3.表目的：to do = in order to do，不可用for do
4.构词法：-ing由动词构成，-ness由形容词构成，-ion多由动词去e构成
5.help的宾补：to可加可不加，两种形式均正确
单元核心 知识梳理
1.不定式：三种用法（宾语、目的状语、宾补），核心是to + 动词原形
2.宾补动词：分带to、不带to、可带可不带三类，特殊动词单独记
3.构词法：-ing/-ness/-ion将动/形转化为名词，特殊变化重点记
4.核心考点：不定式否定形式、宾补to的用法、构词后缀搭配
5.解题技巧：先判断句式/词性，再根据规则选择正确形式
教学课件
Unit5 语法专项 +Word Power
动词不定式+后缀-ing/-ness/-ion构词法
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