人教版高中英语选择性必修第四册UNIT 2 ICONIC ATTRACTIONS Section Ⅱ Learning About Language课件

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复习过去分词
一、图解语法
二、观察感悟
阅读下面短文，感知加黑部分，并完成下面的练习。
Last week，①attracted by a particular article in a magazine，Anne bought the book ②written by Thomas Jason.Three days ago，to have her homework ③completed quickly，she copied part of the article without thinking.Her teacher was very ④satisfied with her homework.⑤Praised in class，she felt happy as well as ashamed.Then，the teacher wanted to enter her homework into a writing competition.⑥Shocked by the decision，Anne did not know what to do.If she told the truth，the whole class would look down on her.If she kept silent，maybe no one would ever find out.What should Anne do
[我的发现]
以上加黑部分为过去分词(短语)，可在句中作状语，如_______；作表语，如___；作定语，如___；作宾语补足语，如____。
①⑤⑥
④
②
③
一、过去分词的构成和意义
规则动词的过去分词是由“动词原形＋-ed”构成的，不规则动词则有特殊形式变化。过去分词在句子中与其逻辑主语之间构成被动关系；有些情况下仅表示完成的动作或状态而不表示被动。
二、过去分词的用法和功能
1.作表语
(1)过去分词作表语时，一般同时具备被动与完成的含义。这时过去分词多已转化为形容词，主要表示主语的状态(被动或完成)，所以不同于谓语动词的被动语态(主要表示被动动作)。
The door was closed by the caretaker.(被动语态，表示动作)
门被管理员关上了。
(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)In cold weather，the structure stays closed to protect the plants.(过去分词作表语，表示状态)
在寒冷的天气里，此结构是关着的，以保护植物。
(2)有些动词如 interest，bore，worry，surprise，frighten 等通常用-ed形式来修饰人，表示“感到……的”；用-ing 形式来修饰物，表示“令人……的”。
All of us were surprised at the sudden change in plans.(说明人的状态：感到……的)
我们所有人都惊讶于计划的突然变化。
The story was boring，so I fell asleep while reading it.(说明物的特点：令人……的)
这个故事很无聊，所以我在读的时候就睡着了。
2.作定语
(1)单个的过去分词作定语，常置于其所修饰的名词之前，称作前置定语。过去分词短语用作定语时，一般置于其所修饰的名词之后，相当于一个定语从句，称作后置定语。
The broken window needs to be fixed.(前置定语)
那扇破碎的窗户需要修理。
The book written by a famous author became a bestseller.(后置定语)
这本由著名作家写的书成了畅销书。
(2)单个的过去分词有时也可以作后置定语。后置的目的主要是突出分词的动词性或者暂时性，或者词义不同于作前置定语时的意义。
Between school and sports，he hardly has any free time left.
在学校和运动之间，他几乎没有剩余的空闲时间。
(3)用来修饰人的过去分词有时可以修饰与人有关的表情、面貌、举止行为以及感觉等，这时不能用动词-ing形式。
The disappointed look on her face showed she was upset.(说明“她”是失望的)
她脸上失望的表情表明她很难过。
The surprised expression on his face made everyone laugh.(说明“他”是吃惊的)
他脸上惊讶的表情让大家都笑了。
3.作状语
(1)过去分词作状语表示被动的或已完成的动作。
The room，decorated with beautiful flowers，looked amazing.
这间装饰着美丽花朵的房间看起来很棒。
(2)有些过去分词源于系表结构，作状语时常表示状态。此类过去分词及短语常见的有：lost(迷路的)、seated (坐下来的)、situated/located(位于；坐落于)、hidden(隐藏的)、lost/absorbed in (沉浸于)、born into (出生于)、dressed in (穿着)、tired of(厌烦) 等。
Lost in thought，he didn't notice the time passing.
沉浸在思考中，他没有注意到时间的流逝。
Seated comfortably，the guests enjoyed the meal.
舒适地坐着，客人们享用了美餐。
(3)过去分词作状语时，其逻辑主语为句子的主语。
Bought at a discount，the shoes were quite affordable.
以折扣价买的这些鞋子相当实惠。
(4)如果过去分词作状语时，前面有其逻辑主语，句子的主语就不再是分词的逻辑主语，这种有其逻辑主语的过去分词结构，实际上属于独立主格结构。
The doors locked，they left the office.
门锁好后，他们离开了办公室。
(5)过去分词可作时间、原因、条件、让步、方式或伴随状语，相当于对应的状语从句。
Shocked by the news，he left the room without a word.
＝Because he was shocked by the news，he left the room without a word.
因为震惊于这个消息，他一句话也没说就离开了房间。
(6)状语从句转换成过去分词作状语时，有时可以保留连词，构成“连词＋过去分词”结构作状语。
When finished(＝When the project was finished)，the project will be submitted to the manager.
完成后，该项目将提交给经理。
(7)过去分词作状语时，常用逗号将其同其他成分隔开。
Taken by surprise，he couldn't say a word.
被震惊到，他一句话也说不出来。
4.作宾语补足语
能够接过去分词作宾语补足语的动词有以下三类：
(1)表示感觉或心理状态的动词，如 see、watch、observe、hear、feel、notice、find等。
She felt the window broken by the wind.
她发觉窗户被风打破了。
He noticed the book left on the table.
他注意到那本书被留在了桌子上。
(2)表示“使……处于某状态”时，如have/make/get/keep/leave sb/sth done中，多强调某动作被做。
I got my car washed yesterday.
我昨天把车洗了。
Please keep your shoes polished.
请让你的鞋子擦得亮亮的。
(3)“with＋宾语＋过去分词”结构中，过去分词用作介词 with的宾语补足语，这一结构通常在句中作时间、方式、条件、原因等状语。
With the project completed，we can finally relax.(表原因)
由于项目已完成，我们终于可以放松了。
With the food prepared，we can sit down to eat.(表条件)
饭菜准备好，我们就可以坐下来吃饭了。
With the report finished，the team took a break.(表时间)
报告完成后，团队休息了一会儿。
He sat quietly in the chair，with his hands folded neatly on his laps.(表伴随)
他静静地坐在椅子上，双手整齐地放在膝盖上。
The thief was brought in，with his hands tied.(表方式)
双手被绑住，小偷被带了进来。
[即时演练]　单句语法填空/完成句子/句型转换
①(2025·全国二卷)If you've never experienced the “sunshine scent” from a sheet or shirt ____(leave) to sun for a day，well，you're missing out on one of life's wonders.
②(2025·浙江卷)This clothing-as-service model follows the broader societal movement towards ______(share)economies.
③We were all _______(shock) at the news of his death.
④When ______(give) a medical examination，you should keep calm.
⑤She stood in front of him，with her eyes _______(fix) on his face.
⑥然而，在简洁的风格背后，是针对所有人的严肃寓意。
left
shared
shocked
given
fixed
(2023·全国甲卷)Behind the simple style，however，is a serious message___________
________.
⑦新环境把我弄得心烦意乱的，由于缺乏新鲜空气，我感觉受不了。
_____________________________，I was hit by the lack of fresh air.
⑧Caught in a heavy rain，he was all wet.
→_______________________________，he was all wet.
intended for
everyone
Confused by the new surroundings
Because he was caught in a heavy rain
1.entitle vt.给……命名(或题名)；使享有权利
[教材原句]　Ethnic minority groups in China are often entitled to special funds from the government to help protect their cultural heritage.在中国，少数民族通常有权从政府获得专项拨款，来帮助保护他们的文化遗产。
(1)be entitled to (do) sth 获得权利做某事
be entitled ... (书、戏剧等)被命名为……
entitle sb to sth 给予某人某种权利；使某人有资格获得某事物或做某事
(2)entitlement n. 权利；有资格
[即时训练]　单句语法填空/完成句子
①The novel _______(entitle) Journey to the West is so attractive that he can't tear himself away from it.
②It is well known that everyone is entitled ___their own opinion.
③They lose their ____________(entitle)to welfare when they start work.
④这位老师的辛勤工作使他有资格获得“年度最佳教育工作者”称号。
__________________________________________of “Best Educator of the Year”.(应用文写作之人物介绍)
entitled
to
entitlement
The teacher's hard work entitled him to the title
[写作积累]　The teacher entitled the project “Saving the Earth”，which was an interesting topic，and we were asked to write about environmental protection.(读后续写之事物介绍)老师给这个项目取名为“拯救地球”，这是一个有趣的话题，我们被要求写关于如何保护环境的内容。
2.freedom n.自由；不受……影响的状态
[教材原句]　Unfortunately，elephants are endangered in Thailand，but special parks have been set up to protect their safety and freedom.不幸的是，在泰国大象濒临灭绝，但为了保护它们的安全和自由，(人们)建立了专门的公园。
(1)the freedom to do... 做……的自由
freedom from... 没有……的情况；不受……影响的状态
(2)free adj. 自由的；不受……影响的；免费的
keep...free from/of 使……免受(影响、伤害等)
(3)freely adv. 自由地；随意地
[即时训练]　单句语法填空/完成句子
①We should encourage students to speak _______(free) during class discussions so they can learn to express themselves better.
②After the exam was over，I felt freedom _____the tension that had been bothering me for weeks.
③学校给予学生课后参加各种课外活动的自由，以便他们能探索自己的兴趣。
The school _______________________________________________________________
after classes to explore their interests.
freely
from
gives students the freedom to participate in various extracurricular activities
[写作积累]　After finishing my project，I together with my friends felt the freedom to spend time together，going to the park，playing games，and enjoying the fresh air.(读后续写之动作链)完成项目后，我和朋友们感到自由，可以一起度过时光，去公园，玩游戏，享受新鲜空气。
Ⅰ.单句语法填空(每小题1.5分，共15分)
1.He went into the room，__________ (support) by his wife.
2.With the problem _______(settle)，we all went home.
3._______ (plant) in the rich soil，these seeds can grow fast.
4.The pencils are made from _________(recycle) paper.
5.The instructions on the box are very _________(confuse).
(满分：77分)
supported
settled
Planted
recycled
confusing
6.The boy looked up with a _______(please) expression.
7.Her head _____(hold) high，she went by.
8.The cup was _______(break) by my little sister yesterday.
9.The manager was satisfied to see many new products fully ________(develop) after great effort.
10.Having been ________(warn) about the typhoon，the fishermen sailed for the nearest harbour.
pleased
held
broken
developed
warned
Ⅱ.语法与写作(用过去分词在句中作成分完成句子)(每小题3分，共15分)
1.他满意的表情表明他已经通过了这次考试。
_________________showed that he had passed this exam.(前置定语)
2.信丢了，寄件人感到沮丧，想知道它去哪儿了。
________________，and the sender was frustrated，wondering where it had gone.(表语)
3.因长时间徒步旅行而筋疲力尽，他们坐在草地上，感受着脸上的凉风。
________________________，they sat down on the grass，feeling the cool breeze on their faces.(状语)
His satisfied look
The letter was lost
Exhausted from the long hike
4.他们看见那座房子被暴风雨毁坏，留下了一片彻底毁坏的景象。
They __________________________by the storm，leaving behind a scene of complete devastation.(宾语补足语)
5.那座去年建成的房子，拥有现代化的设计和宽敞的房间，现在正在出售。
The house _____________，with modern designs and spacious rooms，is now for sale.(后置定语)
saw the house destroyed
built last year
Ⅲ.语法与语篇(每小题1.5分，共12分)
阅读下面短文，用所给动词的适当形式填空。
The letter，1._______ (write) by my teacher，was placed on my desk.2.________ (surprise) by the news，I opened it quickly，3.________ (hope) to understand the message.The room，4._______ (fill) with students，was quiet as everyone waited for the announcement.With the letter 5.______ (read)，I felt both 6._______ (relieve) and worried.The 7.________ (assign) homework had already been completed by most of us.8._______ (tire) from the long day，I left school，thinking about the important meeting tomorrow.
written
Surprised
hoping
filled
read
relieved
assigned
Tired
Ⅰ.阅读理解(每小题2.5分，共20分)
A
“Not only does our restaurant serve delicious Indian meals，” says Johnson Madamu，“but also creates an India-like atmosphere.”
Madamu is co-owner of India Spice House，a restaurant in Woodbury，Minnesota.It's one of the most popular Indian restaurants in the Minneapolis-St.Paul metropolitan area，which is known as the Twin Cities.
Madamu explained what drew diners to his restaurant，“When they hear Indian music or look around to find beautiful paintings of the Taj Mahal and other Indian paintings，they're reminded of India.”
At present，there are more than 7，800 Indian restaurants in the United States.Raghavan Iyer，who was born in Mumbai，helped to popularize Indian food in the US.In 2001，Iyer published a cookbook.He called it Betty Crocker's Indian Home Cooking，referring to a brand known for pancakes and other familiar American foods.
Iyer，who passed away last year，wanted to make Indian food available to cooks in the US.In 2017，he opened Pizz a Karma.The chain restaurant serves dishes that mix American and Indian cuisine.Mudamu said that Biryani and Butter Chicken are the two most-frequently ordered items in his restaurant.
Indian food dates back more than 5，000 years.Spices used vary across the country，and the ingredients are based on the region.“One of the main differences between North Indian and South Indian food is that more bread is used in the North，while the South chooses rice and coconut，” said my father，Abhishek Singh.He has lived in both areas of the South Asian country，which is home to more than 1.4 billion people.
My mother，Shivangi Singh，grew up in North India.Like many others from that region，she loves street food.“Indian restaurants here give me the feel of India，” she said.“When the menu has Samosa and Chaat，I'm reminded of New Delhi.Samosa is a potato-based snack that is fried，and Chaat is made with chickpeas，boiled potatoes and spices.They are delicious and both bring me back to my happy childhood.”
[语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了在美国的印度餐厅及其食物。
1.What attracts diners to India Spice House
A.The familiar atmosphere of India.
B.The beautiful paintings of landscapes.
C.The popular Indian food like pancakes.
D.The mix of American and Indian cuisine.
解析　A　细节理解题。根据第三段内容可知，India Spice House 营造的印度般的氛围吸引了食客前来就餐。故选A。
2.What can we learn about Raghavan Iyer
A.He published several cookbooks.
B.He made Indian food known globally.
C.He was skilled in cooking Indian food.
D.He tried to advance Indian food in the US.
解析　D　推理判断题。根据第四段中“Raghavan Iyer...Indian food in the US.”可知，Raghavan Iyer 在美国为推动印度菜的发展做出了很大的努力。故选D。
3.How does Shivangi Singh like Indian restaurants in the US
A.They originate from America.
B.They only serve Indian street food.
C.They bring past memories to her.
D.They have many dishes to choose from.
解析　C　细节理解题。根据最后一段中 Shivangi Singh 所说的话可知，Shivangi Singh 认为美国的印度餐厅给了她印度的感觉，一些菜把她带回到快乐的童年。故选C。
4.Where is this text probably taken from
A.A study on food.
B.A life magazine.
C.A travel brochure.
D.A geographic textbook.
解析　B　文章出处题。根据文章第一段“‘Not only does our restaurant...an India-like atmosphere.’”以及通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了在美国的印度餐厅及其食物，这些内容与生活有关，所以本文最有可能出自一本生活杂志。故选B。
B
As the vibrant colors of autumn blanket the landscape，the best time to admire China's stunning maple leaves begins.Among the country's top leaf viewing destinations are four famous spots：Xiangshan Park，Qixia Mountain，Tianping Mountain，and Yuelu Mountain.While Xiangshan Park's peak season is in late October，the another three southern locations reach their prime (鼎盛时期) for maple leaf viewing in mid-to-late November.
Located in the western suburbs of Beijing，Xiangshan Park is a former imperial garden known for its forested hills.The mountainside，covered with over 100，000 smoke trees，offers a breathtaking view as the red leaves create a dreamlike scene.
In east China's Jiangsu Province，Nanjing's Qixia Mountain is decorated with red maple leaves.With more than 10 varieties of red leaves and hundreds of centuries-old maple trees，Qixia Mountain's autumn view has long been celebrated in poems throughout history.
Also located in Jiangsu is Suzhou's Tianping Mountain，famous for its unique combination of strange rock formations，clear springs，and red maple trees，known as the “Three Wonders of Tianping Mountain”.The triangular-shaped leaves present a remarkable sight，with different colors appearing on the same tree.
Further south，Yuelu Mountain in Changsha，Hunan Province is both an iconic scenic spot and an outdoor “botanical museum” with nearly 1，000 species of plants.It is a top destination for maple viewing，as the red leaves in late autumn change the forest landscape into a breathtaking view with brilliant colors.
[语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国四个著名的枫叶观赏景点。
5.Which is the best place to go if a tourist is free in October
A.Qixia Mountain.
B.Tianping Mountain.
C.Yuelu Mountain.
D.Xiangshan Park.
解析　D　细节理解题。根据第一段“While Xiangshan Park's peak season...in mid-to-late November.”可知，如果游客在10月有空，香山公园是最好的旅游目的地。故选D。
6.What is special about Tianping Mountain's maple trees
A.They are the oldest in China.
B.They are famous for “Three Wonders”.
C.They are the only maple trees in Jiangsu.
D.They show various colors on the same tree.
解析　D　细节理解题。根据倒数第二段内容可知，天平山的枫树的特别之处在于在同一棵树上显示出不同的颜色。故选D。
7.What do Qixia Mountain and Yuelu Mountain have in common，according to the text
A.They have been written in poems.
B.They are called “botanical museums”.
C.They are ideal places to appreciate maple leaves.
D.They are both located in the eastern part of China.
解析　C　推理判断题。根据第三段以及最后一段可知，栖霞山和岳麓山的共同之处是欣赏枫叶的理想场所。故选C。
8.What makes Yuelu Mountain in Changsha a top destination for maple viewing
A.Its over 100，000 smoke trees.
B.The triangular-shaped leaves of the maple trees.
C.The brilliant colors of the red leaves in late autumn.
D.Its status as a former imperial garden.
解析　C　细节理解题。最后一段提到，岳麓山在晚秋时节，红叶将森林景观转变为色彩斑斓的美景，使其成为枫叶观赏的顶级景点。故选C。
Ⅱ.完形填空(每小题1分，共15分)
An 18-year-old named Vanessa Macedo in California knew how hard her dad worked to take care of her and her brothers and sisters.Her father had been 1 injured and was now selling fruit to support his 2 .
As prom (高中毕业舞会)，which is a big 3 for both teens and their parents，was -4 ，she didn't want to ask him for anything.She asked her brother for help in buying her dress so that her dad didn't feel 5 .
Still，the father knew prom was approaching. 6 ，prom was on a weekend，and that happened to be the 7 time at the fruit stand.So he unwillingly 8 the fact that he could only see Macedo dressed up and looking beautiful in the photos later on.
Secretly，Macedo knew how 9 her dad was to see her，so she 10 a plan.After getting dressed up for the big night，she went 25 miles out of her way to 11 him at the stand and surprised him with a touching 12 .“My dad has always been 13 and I'm blessed to have a dad like him，” she said.
Macedo could easily have not 14 that her father had to work.Instead，she went out of her way to create a special 15 that she and her father will probably treasure for the rest of their lives.
[语篇解读]　 本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了女孩Vanessa Macedo为了让父亲见证自己的毕业舞会而精心安排惊喜的故事。
1.A.previously B.regularly
C.eventually D.normally
解析　A　根据下文“injured and was now selling fruit”可知，父亲以前受过伤，所以现在才靠卖水果维持家庭。故选A。
2.A.education B.family
C.business D.employment
解析　B　根据上文“now selling fruit to support his”可知，父亲受伤后靠卖水果来支撑家庭。故选B。
3.A.idea B.surprise
C.deal D.attitude
解析　C　根据上文“As prom”和下文“both teens and their parents”可知，毕业舞会对青少年和他们的父母来说都是一件大事。故选C。
4.A.out of control B.on the way
C.behind the scene D.above the law
解析　B　根据下文“the father knew prom was approaching”可知，毕业舞会即将来临。故选B。
5.A.shocked B.discouraged
C.relaxed D.pressured
解析　D　根据上文“she didn't want to ask him for anything.She asked her brother for help in buying her dress so that her dad didn't feel”可知，她让哥哥帮她买裙子，是不想让父亲有压力。故选D。
6.A.However B.Therefore
C.Otherwise D.Meanwhile
解析　A　根据上文“Still，the father knew prom was approaching”和下文“prom was on a weekend，and that happened to be the time at the fruit stand”可知，前面说父亲知道舞会快到了，这里又说舞会时间和水果摊最忙的时间冲突，前后是转折关系，所以用However。故选A。
7.A.happiest B.longest
C.busiest D.darkest
解析　C　根据上文“prom was on a weekend”和下文“time at the fruit stand”可知，周末是水果摊最忙的时候。故选C。
8.A.trusted B.accepted
C.remembered D.mentioned
解析　B　根据下文“he could only see Macedo dressed up and looking beautiful in the photos later on.”可知，父亲不情愿地接受了这个事实。故选B。
9.A.nervous B.careful
C.eager D.brave
解析　C　根据上文“he could only see Macedo dressed up and looking beautiful in the photos later on.”和下文“her dad was to see her”可知，父亲渴望见到女儿穿礼服的样子。故选C。
10.A.gave up B.figured out
C.broke away from D.came up with
解析　D　根据下文“a plan”可知，她想出了一个计划。故选D。
11.A.follow B.help
C.visit D.guide
解析　C　根据“she went 25 miles out of her way”可知，她绕了25英里的路去摊位看望父亲。故选C。
12.A.discovery B.influence
C.choice D.moment
解析　D　根据上文“him at the stand and surprised him with a touching ”可知，Macedo出现在水果摊让父亲看到她的那一刻是一个感人的时刻。故选D。
13.A.hard-working B.curious
C.confused D.absent-minded
解析　A　根据上文“Her father had been injured and was now selling fruit to support his”可知，父亲受伤后还努力卖水果养家，可知父亲是努力的。故选A。
14.A.learnt B.noticed
C.imagined D.cared
解析　D　根据下文“that her father had to work.Instead，she went out of her way to create a special”可知，这里说的是Macedo本可以不考虑父亲工作忙不能参加舞会这件事，而只关注自己的舞会，但她没有，而是去考虑了父亲的感受。故选D。
15.A.change B.memory
C.comparison D.need
解析　B　根据上文“she went 25 miles out of her way to him at the stand and surprised him with a touching ”和下文“that she and her father will probably treasure for the rest of their lives”可知，她创造了一个她和父亲会珍惜一生的特别记忆。故选B。