人教版高中英语选择性必修第四册UNIT 4 SHARING Section Ⅱ Learning About Language课件

(共64张PPT)
复习短语
一、图解语法
二、观察感悟
阅读下面短文，感知加黑部分，并完成下面的练习。
When I was ①in my primary school，I ②had an opportunity to appreciate a music festival in my school.That was the first time I had watched ③a live musical performance.I felt ④quite happy.
I asked my parents to allow me to ⑤take up a piano lesson for beginners.In the beginning，it was ⑥rather difficult to read the notes.However，it did not demoralize(使泄气) me.I spent most of my leisure hours practicing the piano ⑦very hard.Although my fingers were painful，I felt satisfied when I could play a piece of music completely.Even though I do not pursue it as ⑧my life career，I will still ⑨continue learning and playing the piano as my hobby.It is simply because music is the best medication for my soul.
[我的发现]
　英语短语是具有实际意义的一个重要单位，分为动词短语、介词短语、名词短语、形容词短语、副词短语等。其中__是介词短语；______是动词短语；_____是名词短语；_____是形容词短语；___是副词短语。
①
②⑤⑨
③⑧
④⑥
⑦
短语(Phrases)是由两个或两个以上的词组合起来构成的表达方式(也称词组或词块)，是具有一定意义但不构成独立从句或句子的一组词。短语的种类主要有：名词短语、动词短语、介词短语、形容词短语和副词短语。
一、名词短语(Noun Phrase，简称NP)
名词短语是指以一个名词为中心的短语，可以搭配不同修饰结构组成短语词块，在句中作多种成分。
1.名词短语与名词功能相似，一般用作主语、宾语、表语、宾语补足语等。
(2024·北京卷)I am firmly convinced that these topics will provide a comprehensive view of China's journey and its impact on the world stage.(依次作主语、宾语)
我坚信这些话题将全面展示中国的发展历程及其在世界舞台上的影响。
My best friend is a talented singer with a beautiful voice.(表语)
我最好的朋友是一位拥有美丽嗓音的才华横溢的歌手。
They made him the team captain after he showed great leadership during the practice.(宾语补足语)
在他在训练中展现出很强的领导能力后，他们让他做了队长。
2.两个或多个名词可以由 and等并列连词连接，构成名词短语。
I bought a book and a pencil from the store.(由and连接的名词短语，作宾语)
我从商店买了一本书和一支铅笔。
My sister and my cousin are coming to visit us this weekend.(由and连接的名词短语，作主语)
我的姐姐和表弟这个周末要来看我们。
3.“冠词＋名词”或者“名词＋介词短语”构成的名词短语。
A cat is sitting by the window，watching the birds outside with great interest.(冠词＋名词分别作主语、宾语)
一只猫正坐在窗边，饶有兴趣地观看着外面的鸟儿。
The friend of mine is coming over later，and we plan to watch a movie together.(名词＋介词短语，作主语；冠词＋名词，作宾语)
我一个朋友稍后要过来，我们计划一起看电影。
4.名词本身作修饰语，可与后面的名词构成名词短语。
The computer screen is too bright，so I will adjust the brightness to make it more comfortable for my eyes.(名词本身作修饰语)电脑屏幕太亮了，所以我将调整亮度，让它令我的眼睛更加舒适。
5.形容词作修饰语，可与后面的名词构成名词短语。
The small dog is running in the yard，chasing after a ball and wagging its tail happily.(形容词作修饰语)
那只小狗正在院子里跑，追着球并开心地摇着尾巴。
6.非谓语动词结构作修饰语，可与名词构成名词短语。
I found a broken vase on the floor，with pieces scattered everywhere.(非谓语动词结构作修饰语)
我在地板上发现了一个破碎的花瓶，碎片散落一地。
The running dog is very fast and playful，jumping around with excitement.(非谓语动词结构作修饰语)
这只奔跑的狗非常快且活泼，兴奋地四处跳跃。
She gave me a book to read during the trip，which was full of adventure.(非谓语动词结构作修饰语)
她给了我一本在旅行中阅读的书，书中充满了冒险故事。
[即时演练1]　写出下列加黑名词短语的构成类型/完成句子
①Football and basketball are my favorite sports._____________
②I don‘t know the woman in white.___________
③We love our great motherland very much.____________
④We elected him monitor of our class.______________
⑤明天要举行的会议非常重要。
____________________________ is very important.(非谓语动词修饰)
⑥正在升起的太阳把天空涂上了美丽的色彩，把温暖的金色阳光洒在平静的大海和安静的沙滩上。
____________ painted the sky with beautiful colors，casting a warm golden light over the calm ocean and the quiet beach.(非谓语动词修饰)
名词＋and＋名词
冠词＋名词
形容词＋名词
名词＋介词短语
The meeting to be held tomorrow
The rising sun
二、动词短语(Verb Phrase，简称VP)
动词短语是指以动词为中心的词块表达，动词短语可以由动词搭配副词、形容词、介词短语、名词或代词等构成。
构成 例词
动词＋副词 put away收起，look back回顾，break down出故障，turn up出现
动词＋介词 think of 想起，bring about引起，look into调查，get over克服，insist on坚持
动词＋副词＋介词 add up to总计，keep away from远离，look down on轻视，keep up with赶上
动词＋名词＋介词 catch sight of看见，瞥见，make use of利用，pay attention to注意，make sense of理解
动词＋形容词＋介词 be fond of爱好，be familiar with熟悉，be suitable for适合于，be late for迟到，be good at擅长于，be afraid of害怕
He works hard to improve his skills，spending hours each day practicing and studying new techniques.(动词＋副词)
他努力工作来提高自己的技能，每天花好几个小时练习和学习新技术。
(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)Till today，every time I see the photo，I think of the cold，wet and unforgettable evening when a stranger offered his trust and kindness! (动词＋介词)
直到今天，每次看到那张照片，我都会想起那个寒冷、湿漉、令人难忘的晚上，当时一个陌生人给予了我他的信任和善意！
He looks forward to spending time with his family during the holidays.(动词＋副词＋介词)
他期待着假期和家人共度时光。
It's important to take care of your health，which can be achieved by eating well and exercising regularly.(动词＋名词＋介词)
照顾好你的健康是很重要的，而这可以通过良好的饮食和定期锻炼来实现。
He felt nervous about the exam，as it was his final test before graduation.(动词＋形容词＋介词)
他对考试感到紧张，因为这是他毕业前的最后一场考试。
[即时演练2]　写出下列黑体动词短语的构成类型
①They seem excited about the upcoming concert.___________________
②He brought up his children strictly.___________
③We must work hard to make up for lost time._________________
④(2025·全国二卷)After all，I did care about how others would think of me.
__________
⑤Keep an eye on the baby while I am out._________________
动词＋形容词＋介词
动词＋副词
动词＋副词＋介词
动词＋介词
动词＋名词＋介词
三、介词短语(Preposition Phrase，简称PP)
介词短语是介词和其他代词或名词或词组搭配形成的短语，在句中作状语、表语、宾语补足语、定语等。
构成 例词
介词＋名词 at the door，into the bag
介词＋代词 for me，of others
介词＋动词-ing形式 in doing so，to my saying that
介词＋连接副词/连接代词＋从句 over what he had better do
介词＋连接副词/连接代词＋动词不定式 on how to do this
介词＋介词短语 from across the street，until after dinner
介词＋副词 from below
with复合结构 with the light on
介词(but/except)＋动词不定式 ...did nothing but (to) sleep
The keys are on the table.(介词＋名词)
钥匙在桌子上。
She is sitting beside me.(介词＋代词)
她正坐在我旁边。
He apologized for being late.(介词＋动词-ing形式)
他为迟到而道歉。
She is unsure about when to leave for the trip.(介词＋连接副词/连接代词＋动词不定式)
她不确定什么时候离开去旅行。
[即时演练3]　写出下列加黑介词短语的构成类型/完成句子
①The cat is under the chair near the door.__________
②He jumped over there to grab the ball.__________
③I found everything in good condition.__________________
④她拿着一本书走进房间。
She entered the room ___________________.(with复合结构)
⑤他整个周末都在学习。
He ___________________ for the entire weekend.
介词＋名词
介词＋副词
介词＋形容词＋名词
with a book in her hand
did nothing but study
四、形容词短语(Adjective Phrase，简称Adj.P)
形容词短语是以形容词为中心的词块表达，一般可由形容词搭配副词、介词短语等构成。该类短语作形容词使用，修饰名词或代词，用作定语、表语、状语或宾语补足语。
1.两个或多个形容词可以由 and，but等并列连词连接，构成形容词短语。
The cake looks delicious and soft.
这个蛋糕看起来既美味又松软。
The task was difficult but rewarding.
这项任务虽困难但值得。
2.quite，very，enough等程度副词作修饰语，可与形容词构成形容词短语。
The exam was very difficult，but I found it quite manageable in the end.
这场考试非常难，但最后我觉得它是可以应对的。
She was confident enough to speak in front of the whole class.
她足够自信，在全班面前发言。
3.介词短语放在形容词后构成形容词短语。
He is afraid of speaking in public.
他害怕在公众场所演讲。
She is proud of her achievements in the field of science.
她为自己在科学领域的成就感到自豪。
4.动词不定式在形容词后作修饰语，与形容词一起构成形容词短语。
They are glad to share their experiences with the new team members.
他们很高兴与新团队成员分享他们的经验。
[即时演练4]　单句语法填空/完成句子
①Your room is large and _________ (beauty)，while my room is small and _____(dirt).
②He is anxious _______ (know) the result of the exam.
③这部电影值得所有的赞扬。
The movie was ___________________ it received.
beautiful
dirty
to know
worthy of all the praise
五、副词短语(Adverb Phrase，简称Adv.P)
副词短语以副词为核心词，一般由几个副词并列或者添加其他修饰语构成的短语，用来修饰动词、形容词或副词，在句子中作状语，表示时间、地点、方式等意义，还可作表语、定语和宾语补足语等。
1.两个或多个副词可以由 and，but等连接构成副词短语。
She speaks fluently and confidently in English.
她说起英语既流利又自信。
The teacher explained the lesson clearly and thoroughly.
老师解释得既清楚又透彻。
2.very，quite，extremely 等程度副词作修饰语，可与其他副词构成副词短语。
They arrived very early for the meeting.
为了开会，他们早早地就到了。
She danced extremely well in the competition.
她在比赛中跳得极好。
[即时演练5]　完成句子
①尽管他个子不高，但是他跑得很快。
Although he is short，he ________________.
②对这个新设计他工作得更加认真。
He _________________________ on the new design.
③我一次又一次地尝试，希望这次能成功。
I _________________ ，hoping that this time I would succeed.
runs extremely fast
worked much more carefully
tried again and again
deserve vt.值得；应得；应受
[教材原句]　“...I think everyone deserves the right to be happy，” she said.她说：“……我认为每个人都应有幸福的权利。”
deserve to do sth　 应该做某事；值得做某事
deserve to be done＝deserve doing ……值得被做
deserve consideration/attention 值得考虑/注意
deserve sth 值得……
[即时训练]　单句语法填空/完成句子/一句多译
①Tom deserves ______ (win) the competition because he practiced every day for months.
②气候变化，作为一个紧迫且日益严重的问题，确实值得公众给予更多关注，因为它直接影响到我们的未来。
Climate change，as an urgent and growing concern，___________________ from the public，as it directly impacts our future.(应用文写作之演讲稿)
③那本书确实值得一读，因为它提供了许多关于如何克服生活挑战的宝贵见解。
→_____________________________ because it offers a lot of valuable insights on how to overcome challenges in life.
→_____________________________ because it offers a lot of valuable insights on how to overcome challenges in life.
to win
deserves more attention
That book really deserves to be read
That book really deserves reading
[写作积累]　(2023·浙江1月卷)What a kind bird! Even animals know returning.
Apparently，a good deed deserves another one.(读后续写之心理、动作描写)多么善良的鸟儿！连动物都懂得回报。显然，善有善报。
Ⅰ.请写出下列加黑短语的构成类型(每小题2分，共18分)
1.Please put away your toys before dinner.____________
2.The police will look into the case to find out what happened.___________
3.He tends to look down on people who are less educated than him.________________
4.I caught sight of an old friend in the crowd._________________
5.I am familiar with the new software，so I can help you use it.____________
(满分：95分)
动词＋副词
动词＋介词
动词＋副词＋介词
动词＋名词＋介词
形容词＋介词
6.She baked this cake for me because it's my birthday.__________
7.He helped the team complete the project，and in doing so，he gained their respect.
__________________
8.I saw her waving at me from across the street.______________
9.She entered the room with a big smile on her face._____________
介词＋代词
介词＋动词-ing形式
介词＋介词短语
with复合结构
Ⅱ.语法与写作(每小题3分，共18分)
1.我在市中心看到了一座高楼，它是该地区最高的建筑之一。
I saw ___________________________，and it was one of the tallest structures in the area.(名词短语＋介词短语)
2.听到这个消息他既高兴又兴奋。
He __________________ when hearing the news.(形容词＋and＋形容词)
3.她在市场上买了苹果和橙子，还买了一些熟透的番茄。
She bought _________________ at the market，where she also bought some ripe tomatoes.(名词＋and＋名词)
a tall building in the city center
felt happy and excited
apples and oranges
4.这部电影相当有趣，剧情中的意外转折令我坐立不安。
The movie was _______________，with an unexpected plot twist that kept me on the edge of my seat.(副词＋形容词)
5.他还不够大，不能开车，所以他每天都乘公交车上学。
He isn't ___________to drive a car，so he takes the bus to school every day.(形容词＋副词)
6.许多人害怕黑暗，尤其是当他们独自一人待在陌生的地方的时候。
Many people are __________the dark，especially when they are alone at night in unfamiliar places.(形容词＋介词)
quite interesting
old enough
afraid of
Ⅲ.语法与语篇(每小题1.5分，共9分)
阅读下面短文，根据汉语提示用恰当的短语填空。
He enjoys reading old books 1._____________ (在他空闲时)，especially 2._______
_______________________ (历史小说和冒险故事).Yesterday，while browsing the shelf in his room，he 3.______________________ (发现了一本有趣的书) that he had never read before.4._____________________ (读完书后)，he felt 5._____________ (非常满意) and quickly finished his homework.So he had some time to 6._____________ (出去散步).The weather was quite cold，but he had a good time in the fresh air.
in his free time
historical
novels and adventure stories
found an interesting book
After finishing the book
quite satisfied
go out for a walk
Ⅰ.阅读理解(每小题2.5分，共20分)
A
Ben was eleven years old when he spotted his neighbour，Julie，working in her garden.He popped his head over the fence，and said to her，“I've seen you're very good with a lawn mower (割草机) and gardening tools.The hedge (树篱) over the pathway near here has become so overgrown that I am planning to cut it back myself.Would you like to help out？”
Julie loved the idea of helping Ben and their community.They agreed to cut the hedge the following Sunday.Ben's brother Josh，aged 8 at the time，also came along to help.All three of them tackled away at it until they reduced it.
They posted photos of their handiwork on “Our Malmesbury”，their local social media Group.The community reaction was amazing.The comments and reactions just kept on coming.The whole town of Malmesbury seemed to embrace their team spirit and felt inspired to follow their lead.Many people raised their hands to volunteer and do more to keep their town tidy.With many willing hands，their town has transformed.Before，the town looked a bit run down，but now，the place looks cleaner and tidier.
To keep the projects going，Ben created a Internet page and website to support their projects.Their Internet Page “Helping The Community Of Malmesbury” currently sits at 669 members and is a place for all the locals to share what litter picking and cleaning up they have been up to.Ben also managed to sort funding through local businesses and associations.The funding has helped them obtain trees，plants，tools，and gardening equipment.When community members plan a clean-up，they can contact them via the website to access any tools and equipment they need to complete a project.
Ben is so pleased that 6 years later，the clean-up campaign is still in full-swing.He has just been so overwhelmed with the support over the years that he cannot thank the community enough.Their mission will not stop.
[语篇解读]　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Ben和他的邻居Julie以及弟弟Josh一起修剪树篱，并通过社交媒体激发了整个社区的清洁行动，最终使他们的城镇变得更加整洁的故事。
1.What did Ben invite Julie to do
A.Mow the lawn.
B.Cut the hedge.
C.Repair the fence.
D.Help the neighbor.
解析　B　细节理解题。根据文章第一段“The hedge over the pathway...help out？”可知，Ben邀请Julie帮忙修剪树篱。故选B。
2.What did the community do after seeing their post
A.They cleaned their town.
B.They shared more photos.
C.They embraced each other.
D.They stood by doing nothing.
解析　A　细节理解题。根据文章第三段“The whole town...keep their town tidy.”可知，社区在看到他们的帖子后，开始清洁城镇。故选A。
3.What is paragraph 4 mainly about
A.Ways to raise funds.
B.Efforts to run the projects.
C.Scenes of doing cleaning.
D.Feelings of managing the projects.
解析　B　段落大意题。本段主要讲述了Ben为维持项目运行所做的努力。故选B。
4.What can we learn from the text
A.No pains，no gains.
B.You reap what you sow.
C.More haste，less speed.
D.Many hands make light work.
解析　D　推理判断题。文章主要讲述了Ben和他的邻居Julie以及弟弟Josh一起修剪树篱，并通过社交媒体激发了整个社区的清洁行动，最终使他们的城镇变得更加整洁的故事。所以能从短文中学到的是“众人拾柴火焰高”。故选D。
B
Reading opens a world of possibilities.Books about self-improvement，DIY home repair or novels that engage your imagination can be transformative.But for people who are food insecure，going to a bookstore or a library is not a priority (优先事项).That's why a charity in Britain is now serving books at local food banks.
The charity，Bookbanks，was founded by Emily Rhodes，a London-based writer who has been surrounded by books in her entire life.She was a keen reader，studied English in university，and worked in publishing and bookselling before becoming a journalist.
In 2022，Rhodes began volunteering at a community food center in Newington Green，in northeast London.There she realized that bringing books into the center could not only enrich people's lives with reading but it could also help people make connections and socialize.“People think of a book as a solitary thing，but I think there's another side to books that makes them amazing connectors and community builders，” Rhodes said.
Rhodes started small by setting up a table with a few hundred books at the food bank in Newington Green.At first，Rhodes gave books from her own collection but as her project grew，she started to get donations from bookstores，libraries and publishers.
Then she and her co-director Hattie Garlick officially launched Bookbanks as a charity and began to expand in the city.Since three percent of people use food banks，this is a great opportunity to get books into the hands of people that cannot afford to own books.
Yusuf，53，a food bank user，said that he took books to read with his son.“It's the best time；we are quiet together.We haven't got money，but we have books.The books are full of knowledge and knowledge is good，” he said.
There are currently four Bookbanks locations，according to the organization，and to date，more than 3，000 books have been given away.There are plans to open four-to-six more locations in food banks in 2026.And the food banks have the potential to be a community space of socializing and learning and not just a place to be fed.
[语篇解读]　本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了伦敦作家Emily Rhodes创办慈善组织Bookbanks，在当地的“食物银行”设置摊位，鼓励人们阅读书籍。
5.What is the purpose of Bookbanks
A.To inspire kids' love for story books.
B.To make an advertisement for food banks.
C.To provide a quiet environment for writers.
D.To offer the poor a chance to read books.
解析　D　细节理解题。根据第一段中“But for people...at local food banks.”可知，慈善组织Bookbanks的目的是给穷人提供阅读书籍的机会。故选D。
6.What does the underlined word “solitary” in paragraph 3 probably mean
A.Strange. B.Funny.
C.Separate. D.Different.
解析　C　词义猜测题。根据画线词的下文“but I think...community builders”可知，前后有转折，Rhodes认为书籍能起到连接及构建社群的作用，由此推知，人们通常认为读书是单独的事，画线词意思应该是“单独的，独自的”，与Separate“单独的，分开的”意思最接近。故选C。
7.How did Emily Rhodes start her project in the first place
A.By donating her own books.
B.By purchasing used books.
C.By opening bookstores.
D.By working with publishers.
解析　A　细节理解题。根据第四段中“At first...libraries and publishers.”可知，在项目初期，Emily Rhodes捐赠自己的书。故选A。
8.What is Yusuf's attitude to Bookbanks
A.Doubtful. B.Positive.
C.Unclear. D.Unconcerned.
解析　B　观点态度题。根据第六段中Yusuf所说的话“It's the best time...and knowledge is good”可知，Yusuf觉得和儿子一起阅读非常美好，让他们彼此相伴，获取知识。由此可知，他对Bookbanks的态度是肯定的。故选B。
Ⅱ.完形填空(每小题1分，共15分)
No one is willing to fall ill，especially in a foreign country alone. 1 ，such was exactly what happened to me.
A few months ago，while I was engaged in a volunteering project in Mwanza，Tanzania，something 2 happened—I fell ill.Despite my 3 to take medicines and avoid unboiled water，I was hit hard.I was 4 to a clinic with a high fever and severe body pain.Alone and terrified，I even thought，at a certain moment，that it was the 5 .
6 a battery of tests，I received a diagnosis (诊断) of serious malaria.The doctor gave me injections and tablets， 7 I wouldn't have to be admitted to the hospital.I 8 taking the tablets，and desperately thinking “keep these down，keep these down！”，but nothing worked and I had to be 9 .
Tears coursed down my cheeks.I was 10 with fear.Then，a kind nurse 11 .She remained by my side for a full-eight hour even after her shift 12 ，gently holding my hand.Her presence was really a great 13 .Had it not been for her，I can't imagine how I could have 14 that night.The medicines gradually took effect and soon I was released.
I never learned her name，yet the nurse has left a deep mark.It serves as a reminder that in the darkest times，a simple act of kindness can make a difference，crossing 15 and bringing warmth to strangers in need.
[语篇解读]　 本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者独自在异国他乡做志愿者时意外生病得到陌生人的照料的经历，表明小小的善意就可以产生很大的影响。
1.A.Regrettably B.Constantly
C.Originally D.Consequently
解析　A　根据上文“No one is willing to fall ill，especially in a foreign country alone.”和下文“such was exactly what happened to me”可知，没人愿意生病，尤其是独自在国外，而这样的事情却发生在作者身上了，所以应是遗憾地，故选A。
2.A.awkward B.strange
C.unrecorded D.undesired
解析　D　根据下文“I fell ill”可知，此处是不希望发生的事情，故选D。
3.A.failure B.opportunity
C.ambition D.effort
解析　D　根据Despite和下文“I was hit hard”可知，上下文为转折关系，表示尽管作者努力吃药，还是病得很重，故选D。
4.A.recommended B.rushed
C.assigned D.returned
解析　B　根据下文“with a high fever and severe body pain”可知，发高烧，身体剧烈疼痛，所以应该是紧急送去诊所，rushed符合语境，故选B。
5.A.choice B.wisdom
C.end D.truth
解析　C　根据上文“with a high fever and severe body pain”和“Alone and terrified”可知，作者病得很重，并且还孤独、害怕，所以甚至以为到了末日，也就是生命的终点，故选C。
6.A.Patient with B.Subsequent to
C.Dependent on D.Concerned about
解析　B　根据下文“I received a diagnosis (诊断) of serious malaria”可知，作者被诊断患有严重的疟疾，所以是检查之后，故选B。
7.A.replying B.apologizing
C.promising D.assuming
解析　C　根据上文“The doctor gave me injections and tablets”和下文“I wouldn't have to be admitted to the hospital”可知，如果作者可以打针和吃药，医生就承诺作者不必住院，故选C。
8.A.kept B.forgot
C.delayed D.quit
解析　A　根据上文“_________ I wouldn't have to be admitted to the hospital”和下文“and desperately thinking ‘keep these down，keep these down！’可知，如果作者能吃药，医生承诺不用住院，所以作者不停地吃药，故选A。
9.A.investigated B.dismissed
C.hospitalized D.distinguished
解析　C　根据上文“I _________ taking the tablets，and desperately thinking ‘keep these down，keep these down！’，but nothing worked”可知，作者不停地吃药，是因为不想住院，但是却没有起效，所以最后不得不住院，故选C。
10.A.consumed B.equipped
C.compared D.impressed
解析　A　根据“Tears coursed down my cheeks.”可知，作者知道不得不住院后哭了，所以推断是被恐惧吞噬，be consumed with意为“被……吞噬”，故选A。
11.A.departed B.emerged
C.passed D.called
解析　B　根据下文“She remained by my side for a full-eight hour”可知，一位好心的护士出现了，故选B。
12.A.increased B.continued
C.occurred D.concluded
解析　D　根据上文“a kind nurse”和上文 “She remained by my side for a full eight hours”可知，这位护士很善良，为了安慰和照顾作者，即使在轮班结束后仍然待了整整8小时，故选D。
13.A.trick B.relief
C.reminder D.success
解析　B　根据下文“Had it not been for her，I can't imagine how I could have that night.”可知，这位护士的出现给了作者安慰，故选B。
14.A.weathered B.described
C.witnessed D.enjoyed
解析　A　根据上文“Her presence was really a great _______.”可知，这位善良护士的出现给了作者安慰，所以没有她，作者不知该怎样渡过那一晚，weather在此意为“平安渡过”，故选A。
15.A.ages B.races
C.boundaries D.genders
解析　C　根据文章开头“No one is willing to fall ill，especially in a foreign country alone”可知，作者在国外，所以应是一个简单的善举能产生影响，即使跨越国界，故选C。
Ⅲ.语法填空(每小题1.5分，共15分)
Some students at a primary school organized an activity to raise money for the society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals(SPCA).Due to their efforts，they eventually managed 1. (raise) $3，500 in total.The students，together with their parents and teachers，then went to 2. supermarket to buy things to donate to the non-profit 3. (organize).They bought items 4. (list)on the SPCA's wish list and filled up nine carts with kitty litter，bird food，paper towels，dog 5. (toy)，etc.However，when the teacher Mrs Carneiro was paying for the remaining items，she found that the school's credit card 6. (refuse) as the amount charged was above the
card limit.Unfortunately，Mrs Carneiro didn't take her wallet.And the parents were outside 7. (load) the items into the car.To her surprise，after seeing her problem，the kindhearted cashier Phyllis Collins 8. (generous) offered to use her own credit card to pay for $648 worth of items.They were all touched by Phyllis' kindness and returned the money to Phyllis later that day.When asked 9. she did that，Phyllis said that she wanted to contribute 10. the children's initiative.
[语篇解读]　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述一群小学生为SPCA组织筹集了3 500美元的善款，然后他们和老师以及家长去超市用善款购买这家组织愿望清单上的东西，老师在付钱时发现超出了限额，令人惊讶的是收银员用自己的钱支付了648美元的东西，她也想贡献自己的一份力量。
1.to raise　考查非谓语动词。manage to do sth“设法完成某事”，故填to raise。
2.a　考查冠词。此处泛指“一家超市”，使用不定冠词，supermarket首字母的发音为辅音音素。故填a。
3.organization　考查名词。空处作宾语，前面有形容词修饰，应填名词形式，此处特指SPCA组织，应用名词单数，故填organization。
4.listed　考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，设空处用非谓语动词形式，list和items之间是被动关系，使用过去分词作定语，故填listed。
5.toys　考查名词的单复数。toy是可数名词，结合前面的并列短语“paper towels”可知，此处应用复数形式泛指多个玩具，故填toys。
6.was refused　考查时态、语态和主谓一致。主语credit card和refuse之间是被动关系，且句子是描述过去发生的事情，使用一般过去时的被动语态，且主语表示单数意义，故填was refused。
7.loading　考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知，load和逻辑主语parents之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，使用动词-ing形式作状语，故填loading。
8.generously　考查副词。空处修饰动词offered，应用副词形式，故填generously。
9.why　考查名词性从句。空处引导宾语从句，结合句意可知表示“为什么”，使用连接副词why引导，故填why。
10.to　考查介词。contribute to“为……做贡献”，故填to。