人教版高中英语选择性必修第四册UNIT 3 SEA EXPLORATION Section Ⅰ Reading and Thinking课件
文档属性
| 名称 | 人教版高中英语选择性必修第四册UNIT 3 SEA EXPLORATION Section Ⅰ Reading and Thinking课件 |
|
|
| 格式 | ppt | ||
| 文件大小 | 10.1MB | ||
| 资源类型 | 试卷 | ||
| 版本资源 | 人教版（2019） | ||
| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2026-03-18 00:00:00 | ||
图片预览
文档简介
(共88张PPT)
【导语】 深海之下，埋藏着无数岁月遗留的秘密——沉船、古城、未解之谜，皆诉说着人类探索的足迹。面对黑暗、深压与寒冷，我们仍未停步，期待揭开海洋深处那片未知的世界。
DIVING DEEP
Lying under waters across the globe are an estimated three million shipwrecks①.All of them represent attempts over the centuries to explore Earth's furthest corners.Among these is the Esmeralda，the earliest wreck from the age of the European exploration of Asia.Today，some 500 years after the Esmeralda set sail，there is little—if any—land on our planet left unexplored.We have more detailed maps of the Moon，and even of Venus and Mars，than we do of Earth's own sea bed.
[1]Given our limited knowledge，it is perhaps no surprise that exploration of the oceans continues to lead to discoveries in various scientific fields. As with the discovery of the Esmeralda，many archaeological finds are made in shallow waters near the coast.These may sometimes include whole cities buried beneath② the waves.One such find is the ancient Roman city of Neápolis，discovered off the coast of Tunisia.Believed to have been buried underwater by a tsunami in the fourth century AD，the ruins of Neápolis are almost 2，000 years old.The remaining streets and buildings offer a window into a fascinating③ period in our history.However，we are only beginning to overcome the challenges of pressure，darkness and extreme cold at vast depths.Fragments(碎片)of the past lying deep beneath the oceans are still waiting to be discovered.
...
Being a tough environment of complete darkness，enormous pressure and intense④ cold，the ocean depths have long been beyond the reach of⑤ human exploration.However，through closer international scientific，economic and cultural cooperation，we are all becoming part of a global mission to open up our planet's final frontier.[2]Humankind is entering a new age of oceanic discovery，and the world beneath the waves may one day be almost as familiar to us as the land we walk upon today.
由文积词汇 据文悟句式
①shipwreck n. 失事的船；沉船
②beneath prep. 在……下面
③fascinating adj. 极有吸引力的；
迷人的
④intense adj. 强烈的；紧张的
⑤beyond the reach of
超出(权力或能力)可及的范围 [1]：句中“Given our limited knowledge”为分词短语作原因状语；“it”为形式主语，而“that”引导的从句为真正的主语。
[2]：连词“and”连接两个并列的分句；第二分句为复合句，其中的“as familiar to us as...”是形容词原级比较结构，而“we walk upon today”为省略关系代词的定语从句，修饰先行词“the land”。
【原文呈现】
REACHING OUT ACROSS THE SEA
Trade and curiosity① have often formed the foundation of mankind's greatest achievements.[1]To complete the great map of the world was a strong passion for the people of early civilisations.Marco Polo's tales inspired European explorers to search② for sea routes from west to east.[2]However，merchants③ and explorers from the East set sail④ from east to west many years before Columbus first did.
[1]句中动词不定式短语作主语。
[2]before Columbus first did是时间状语从句，动词did代替前面的动词短语set sail。
【词汇积累】
①curiosity n.好奇，好奇心
②inspire sb to do sth激励某人做某事
③merchant/?m??t? nt/n.商人；批发商；店主adj.海上货运的
④set sail起航；开航(其后常用介词for)
In ancient times，silk from China found its way overland to⑤ India，the Middle East，and Rome，along what became known as the Silk Road.A trading route across the sea was also extended⑥ along the coasts of the Indian Ocean，centred around⑦ Ceylon (now Sri Lanka).[3]Here，merchants from China and many other places met to negotiate⑧ trade deals，which also led to more awareness of each other's cultures.[4]Over the centuries，further trading allowed more exploration of the regions to the west of China，as recorded in Du Huan's Record of My Travels⑨ in the eighth century.
[3]句中which引导非限制性定语从句。
[4]as recorded in Du Huan's Record of My Travels in the eighth century是关系代词as引导的非限制性定语从句，as后面省略了it was。
⑤find one's way to...找到去……的路
⑥extend vt.扩展；使伸长；延长
⑦centre around以……为中心
⑧negotiate vt.商定；达成(协议) vi.谈判；磋商；协商
⑨杜环，中国唐代旅行家，公元762年，他写了《经行记》一书，可惜已失传。
Later，the Ming Dynasty further developed relations with these regions.Between 1405 and 1433，seven large fleets sailed west on voyages of trade and exploration.These fleets were a sight to behold⑩ and were in a league of their own at that time.Under the command of Zheng He，they set sail from the South China Sea across the Indian Ocean to the mouth of the Red Sea，and then to the east coast of Africa.African royal families sent gifts such as giraffes as gestures of friendship in return for gold，silk，and spices.[5]Although China withdrew from further expeditions after 1433，these land and sea routes remained active channels between other cultures for centuries.
[5]句中Although引导让步状语从句。
⑩a sight to behold壮观的景象
as prep.作为
in return for作为对……的回报
withdraw/w? ?dr??/vi.& vt.(使)撤回；撤离；撤退
withdraw本身已包含了“……回”之意，故不再和back连用。具有类似用法的词还有：return，repay等。
To reach out across the sea remains a strong desire today.[6]The ancient sea routes travelled by Zheng He are being revisited with the 21st Century Maritime Silk Road，which is part of the Belt and Road Initiative .
[6]句中travelled by Zheng He是过去分词短语作后置定语。
revisit vt.重游；再访；重临n.再访问
initiative n.倡议；新方案；主动权；积极性
[7]The aim of this initiative is to encourage cooperation and trade across the historic Silk Road areas，and strengthen the bonds between China and the rest of the world.Trading has grown greatly in recent years，and will continue to do so in years to come.[8]China has invested billions in systems and services along these routes，which will help to greatly develop the whole area for the benefit of future trade and cultural exchange.
[7]句中to encourage cooperation and trade是动词不定式短语作表语。
[8]该句为复合句。which will help to...exchange是关系代词which引导的非限制性定语从句，which指代前面整个主句的内容。
for the benefit of为……的利益
China has also joined its friends across the sea on other important projects.Although the ancient sea routes of Zheng He have been travelled many times，there are still many other places left to explore.[9]In recent years，China has joined other nations on several expeditions to explore the Arctic.From a scientific point of view ，there is an urgent need to study the Arctic in order to understand climate change and its effects.
[9]句中to explore the Arctic是动词不定式短语作目的状语。
from a...point of view从一个……的角度来看
[10]Hundreds of years on ，and with the latest technology in hand，the need to trade and the desire to enhance relationships will drive China to reach out across the sea far into the future.
[10]句中with the latest technology in hand是“with＋宾语＋宾语补足语”复合结构。
hundreds of years on数百年后
enhance vt.提高；加强；增加
【参考译文】
跨海越洋
贸易和好奇心奠定了人类最伟大成就的基础。早期文明的人们对勾勒出完整的世界版图满怀激情。马可·波罗的故事激励了欧洲探险家去寻找由西方通往东方的海上航线。然而，在哥伦布首次起航之前的很多年，来自东方的商人和探险家就从东向西扬帆起航。
在古代，中国丝绸经由一条陆路运到印度、中东和罗马，这条路就是有名的“丝绸之路”。一条跨越海洋的贸易路线也沿着印度洋海岸延伸到以锡兰(现在的斯里兰卡)为中心的沿海地区。在这里，来自中国和许多其他地方的商人聚在一起洽谈贸易协议，也增进了对彼此文化的了解。几个世纪以来，随着贸易的进一步发展，中国西部地区得到了更多的探索，正如8世纪时，杜环在《经行记》中所记载的那样。
后来，明朝时的中国和这些地区的关系得到了进一步发展。1405年到1433年间，七支大型船队向西航行，进行贸易和探险活动。这些船队在当时蔚为壮观，独领风骚。在郑和的指挥下，他们从中国南海起航，穿过印度洋，到达红海入海口，然后到达了非洲东海岸。非洲皇室向船队赠送长颈鹿等礼物以示友谊，船队则回赠了黄金、丝绸和香料。虽然中国在1433年以后就停止了进一步的海上探索，但这些陆上和海上路线在接下来的几个世纪里仍然是其他文化之间进行交流的繁忙通道。
在今天，人们跨越海洋的愿望依然强烈。随着作为“一带一路”倡议组成部分的“21世纪海上丝绸之路”的提出，郑和航行过的古代航道而今再度受到关注。
这一倡议旨在促进具有历史意义的“丝绸之路”周边地区的合作和贸易，并加强中国与世界其他地区的联系。沿线贸易近年来大幅增长，并将在未来几年继续增长。中国已投资了数十亿元用以建设沿线的运输系统和服务设施，这将有助于推动整个地区大发展，促进未来的贸易和文化交流。
中国还与大洋彼岸的伙伴在其他重要项目上开展了合作。虽然郑和的古航路已经被重走了很多次，但还有很多其他地方有待探索。近年来，中国与其他国家一起进行了多次北极探险。从科学的角度来看，我们确实迫切需要研究北极，以了解气候变化及其影响。
数百年过去了，随着最新技术的掌握，贸易的需要和加强关系的愿望将推动中国跨越海洋走向遥远的未来。
Look at the four pictures and think about the two questions below.
1.What do you think of when you see the photos
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Corals，fish，sea voyages，sea exploitation，sea protection，the development of a harmonious relationship between humans and the sea...
2.Do you know any stories about sea voyages
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
(For example 1) Zheng He was a Chinese admiral and explorer who led seven expeditions to the Western Oceans.The first voyage began in the third year of the Yongle era (1405)，and the final voyage concluded in the eighth year of the Xuande era (1433)，totaling seven expeditions.Zheng He's treasure voyages are recognized as one of the greatest maritime achievements in world history.
(For example 2) Christopher Columbus was an Italian explorer whose journeys kicked off centuries of exploration and exploitation on the American continents.He discovered a new world in 1492.(Answers may vary.)
Ⅰ.Read for the main idea
1.What is the text mainly about
A.China's explorations and cultural exchange cross the sea from ancient times to now.
B.Marco Polo's travels inspired European explorations across the sea or overland.
C.China's ancient maritime expeditions led to significant cultural exchanges.
D.The Belt and Road Initiative strengthens China's trade relations with the rest of the world.
答案 A
2.Choose the main idea of each paragraph.
A.It focuses on the Silk Road，emphasizing both overland and maritime routes and the cultural exchanges.
B.It highlights contemporary efforts with the 21st Century Maritime Silk Road.
C.The paragraph discusses how trade and curiosity have historically driven exploration.
D.It introduces more expeditions by China with other nations.
E.China continues reaching out across the sea to enhance relationships.
F.This paragraph focuses on the Ming Dynasty's expansion of relations through maritime expeditions led by Zheng He.
Para.1：__ Para.2：__ Para.3：__ Para.4：__ Para.5：__ Para.6：__
C
A
F
B
D
E
Ⅱ.Read for the structure
reasons
ancient
Silk Road
West
today’s
Initiative
expeditions
future
Ⅲ.Read for details
1.What's the purpose of paragraph 1
A.To lay the groundwork for the following text.
B.To show the achievements of humans.
C.To show the reason for sea exploration.
D.To arouse people's interest in Marco Polo.
答案 A
2.How can we describe Zheng He's voyages at that time
A.Astonishing. B.Disappointing.
C.Frightening. D.Meaningless.
答案 A
3.How did African royal families show their friendship to China
A.By sending gifts such as giraffes.
B.By stopping the war and beginning trading.
C.By showing their friendship to Zheng He.
D.By rewarding the ambassador.
答案 A
4.What's the purpose of the Belt and Road Initiative
A.To transform the historic Silk Road.
B.To encourage trade and cooperation with other countries.
C.To create a worldwide trading atmosphere.
D.To search for new trading and cultural exchange partners.
答案 B
Ⅰ.长难句分析
1.Over the centuries，further trading allowed more exploration of the regions to the west of China，as recorded in Du Huan's Record of My Travels in the eighth century.
[句式分析] 此句是__________句。句子的主语为____________，谓语为________，as recorded in...为_________从句的省略结构，句子补全为___________________。
[自主翻译] ___________________________________________________________
________________________________________________
主从复合
further trading
allowed
方式状语
as it was recorded in...
几个世纪间，随着贸易的进一步发展，中国西部地区得到了更多的探索，正如8世纪时，杜环在《经行记》中所记载的那样。
2.The ancient sea routes travelled by Zheng He are being revisited with the 21st Century Maritime Silk Road，which is part of the Belt and Road Initiative.
[句式分析] 此句是_________句。句中travelled by Zheng He是过去分词短语作
__________，修饰___________________；which引导_______________从句，修饰先行词_______________________________。
[自主翻译] _____________________________________________________________
__________________________________________
主从复合
后置定语
The ancient sea routes
the 21st Century Maritime Silk Road
随着作为“一带一路”倡议组成部分的“21世纪海上丝绸之路”的提出，郑和航行过的古代航道而今再度受到关注。
非限制性定语
Ⅱ.教考衔接
Fill in the blanks according to the text.
It is well-known that mankind's greatest achievements have often resulted from trade and 1._______ (curious) and people of early civilisations had a strong desire 2.__________ (complete) the great map of the world.European explorers，3._______ (inspire) by Marco Polo's tales searched for sea routes from west to east.However，merchants and explorers from the East set sail from east to west many years before Columbus first 4.____ (do).In ancient times，Chinese merchants shipped silk to India，the Middle East，and Rome，along 5._____ became known as the Silk Road.Trade between merchants from China and other 6.______ (place) resulted in better understanding of each other's cultures.In the Ming
curiosity
to complete
inspired
did
what
places
Dynasty，seven large fleets led by Zheng He set sail from the South China Sea across the Indian Ocean to the mouth of the Red Sea，and then to the east coast of Africa for trade and exploration.To reach out across the sea remains 7.__ strong desire today.The ancient sea routes travelled by Zheng He are being revisited with the 21st Century Maritime Silk Road，part of the Belt and Road Initiative.Besides，by now China 8._________ (join) its friends across the sea on other important projects.With the 9._____ (late)technology in hand，the need to trade and the desire to enhance relationships will drive China to reach out across the sea far 10._____ the future.
a
has joined
latest
into
Ⅰ.写作单词
1.____ n. 故事；叙述
2.________ n. 商人；批发商
adj. 海上货运的
3.______ vt. (beheld，beheld)看；看见
4.______ n. 等级；水平；联合会；联赛
5._____ n. 纽带；关系
vt.&vi. 增强信任关系；使牢固结合
tale
merchant
behold
league
bond
Ⅱ.拓展单词
1.______ vt.扩展；使伸长；延长→extension n.延伸；扩大→extensive adj. 广泛的，大量的，广阔的
2._________ vt.商定；达成(协议)vi.谈判；磋商；协商→negotiation n.谈判；磋商；协商→negotiator n. 谈判者；协商者
3._______ adj.皇家的；王室的；高贵的→royalty n.王室，皇族→royally adv.奢华地；极其
4.______ n.(调味)香料→spicy adj.辣的
5.________ vi.& vt.( withdrew，withdrawn) (使)撤回；撤离→withdrawal n.撤回，撤离
extend
negotiate
royal
spice
withdraw
Ⅲ.阅读单词
1.fleet n. ________________
2.channel n. ________________
3.maritime adj. ____________________
舰队；机群；车队
航道；海峡；频道
海的；海运的；海事的
Ⅳ.核心短语
1.________ 寻找
2.______ 起航；开航
3.______ 导致；引起
4.___________________ 独领风骚
5.___________________ 在……的指挥下
6.in return for... ________________
7.withdraw from ___________
8.for the benefit of... ______________
9.from a scientific point of view _______________
10.in hand ________________
search for
set sail
lead to
in a league of one's own
under the command of...
作为对……的回报
退出；撤回
为了……的利益
从科学角度来看
在手头；可供使用
Ⅴ.经典句型
1.动词不定式短语作主语
_________________________________ was a strong passion for the people of early civilisations.
早期文明的人们对勾勒出完整的世界版图满怀激情。
2.what引导的宾语从句
In ancient times，silk from China found its way overland to India，the Middle East，and Rome，along _______________________________.
在古代，中国丝绸经由一条陆路运到印度、中东和罗马，这条路就是有名的“丝绸之路”。
To complete the great map of the world
what became known as the Silk Road
3.which引导非限制性定语从句
The ancient sea routes travelled by Zheng He are being revisited with the 21st Century Maritime Silk Road，___________________________________.
随着作为“一带一路”倡议组成部分的“21世纪海上丝绸之路”的提出，郑和航行过的古代航道而今再度受到关注。
4.there is an urgent need to...意为“迫切需要……”
From a scientific point of view，_________________________ the Arctic in order to understand climate change and its effects.
从科学的角度来看，我们确实迫切需要研究北极，以了解气候变化及其影响。
which is part of the Belt and Road Initiative
there is an urgent need to study
5.with复合结构
Hundreds of years on，and ____________________________，the need to trade and the desire to enhance relationships will drive China to reach out across the sea far into the future.
数百年过去了，随着最新技术的掌握，贸易的需要和加强关系的愿望将推动中国跨海越洋走向遥远的未来。
with the latest technology in hand
词汇精研
1.extend vt.扩展；使伸长；延长
[教材原句] A trading route across the sea was also extended along the coasts of the Indian Ocean，centred around Ceylon (now Sri Lanka).一条跨越海洋的贸易路线也沿着印度洋海岸延伸到以锡兰(现在的斯里兰卡)为中心的沿海地区。
(1)extend...to 延长到
extend...by 延长了
extend sth to sb 向某人提供/给予某物
(2)extension n. 延长；扩大
[即时训练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①The teacher gave me an _________(extend) on the assignment deadline because I had been sick for several days.
②The deadline for submitting the report has been extended __ next Friday due to the holiday.
③The game was extended ___ another 10 minutes because the score was tied.
④即使他身处困境，他也会向我伸出援手。因此，我要向他表示衷心的感谢。
Even if he is in trouble，he will_________________________.So I would like to_________ ____________________.
[写作积累] I would like to extend my thanks to all our teachers，parents and families，who have done so much for us over the years.(应用文写作之感谢信)我要向所有的老师、父母和家人表示感谢，这些年来为我们付出了很多。
extension
to
by
extend his helping hand to me
extend my
heartfelt gratitude to him
2.negotiate vt.商定；达成(协议) vi.谈判；磋商；协商
[教材原句] Here，merchants from China and many other places met to negotiate trade deals，which also led to more awareness of each other's cultures.在这里，来自中国和其他许多地方的商人聚一起洽谈贸易协议，这也增进了对彼此文化的了解。
(1)negotiate with sb for/about sth＝negotiate sth with sb
与某人商议/谈判某事
(2)negotiation n. 谈判；协商
(3)negotiator n. 谈判者
[即时训练] 单句语法填空/一句多译
①Nowadays countries all over the world have entered into _________ (negotiate) with each other concerning how to protect oceans more efficiently.
②As a skilled _________ (negotiate)，she was able to convince both sides to agree on the terms of the contract.
③父母不得不与校长商议孩子提前毕业的事情，因为他的表现非常出色。
→The parents ______________________________________ their child's early graduation because of his excellent performance.
→The parents ________________________________________ the school principal because of his excellent performance.
negotiations
negotiator
had to negotiate with the school principal about
had to negotiate their child's early graduation with
[写作积累] During lunch，we will negotiate how to organize the upcoming school event，including decorations and food.(读后续写之动作描写)午餐时间，我们将协商如何组织即将到来的学校活动，包括装饰和食物。
withdraw from 退出，撤回
withdraw sth from 从……中提出某物
withdraw to 撤退到
3.withdraw vi.& vt.(使)撤回；撤离；从银行账户等提(款)；取(钱)
[教材原句] Although China withdrew from further expeditions after 1433，these land and sea routes remained active channels between other cultures for centuries.虽然中国在1433年以后就停止了进一步的海上探索，但这些陆上和海上路线在接下来的几个世纪里仍然是其他文化之间进行交流的繁忙通道。
[即时训练] 完成句子
①Feeling embarrassed after giving the wrong answer in class，she wanted to________
_____ (退出) the discussion.
②When the storm approached，the hikers had to ____________(撤退到) the nearest shelter for safety.
③他们需要从储蓄中提取一大笔钱来支付修理费用。
They needed to ____________________________________________to cover the cost of the repairs.(读后续写之动作描写)
[写作积累] Due to the heavy rain，the school decided to withdraw all students from the outdoor activities.(读后续写之动作描写)由于大雨，学校决定撤离所有参加户外活动的学生。
withdraw
from
withdraw to
withdraw a large amount of money from their savings
at hand 在手边；在附近
at first hand 第一手；亲自
by hand 用手
hand in hand 手拉手
4.in hand在手头；可供使用
[教材原句] Hundreds of years on，and with the latest technology in hand，the need to trade and the desire to enhance relationships will drive China to reach out across the sea far into the future.数百年过去了，随着最新技术的掌握，贸易的需要和加强关系的愿望将推动中国跨海越洋走向遥远的未来。
[即时训练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①To make it easier to get in touch with us，you'd better keep this card ___ hand.
②The washing machine was broken，so we had to wash our clothes ___ hand.
③俗话说：“成功与失败如影随形。”
As the old saying goes，“Success and failure always______________”.
④手里拿着她最喜欢的书，她坐在窗边享受阳光明媚的下午。
_________________________，she sat down by the window to enjoy the sunny afternoon.
[写作积累] Before the final exam，I had all my study materials in hand and felt confident that I could do well.(读后续写之心理描写)在期末考试之前，我将所有学习材料准备好，感到有信心考得很好。
at
by
go hand in hand
With her favorite book in hand
t
(1)what引导的宾语从句放在介词或动词之后，从句中使用陈述语序。
(2)what在从句中作主语、宾语或表语，表示“……的事物”。
句式剖析
1.句型公式：what引导的宾语从句
[教材原句] In ancient times，silk from China found its way overland to India，the Middle East，and Rome，along what became known as the Silk Road.在古代，中国丝绸经由一条陆路运到印度、中东和罗马，这条路就是有名的“丝绸之路”。
[即时训练] 完成句子/句式升级
①我对周末我们要做什么感到好奇，于是我向朋友们询问意见。
I was curious about _______________________________，so I asked my friends for ideas.
②我们得不到的似乎比我们所拥有的要好。
_______________ seems better than ____________.
③A tall building arose in a place which was wasteland.
→A tall building arose in _________________.(what引导的宾语从句)
[写作积累] He wondered what the teacher would ask in the final exam，and hoped he had studied enough.(读后续写之心理描写)他在想老师期末考试会问什么，希望自己已经足够准备。
what we would do during the weekend
What we can't get
what we have
what was wasteland
with复合结构在句中作状语，主要构成如下：
2.句型公式：with复合结构
[教材原句] Hundreds of years on，and with the latest technology in hand，the need to trade and the desire to enhance relationships will drive China to reach out across the sea far into the future.数百年过去了，随着最新技术的掌握，贸易的需要和加强关系的愿望将推动中国跨海越洋走向遥远的未来。
[即时训练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①With the bell _______ (ring) loudly，the students rushed out of the classroom to start their lunch break.
②(2025·浙江卷)With human inputs dramatically _______ (reduce)，the garden's ecology can develop well.
③He sat down on the bench in the park，with a book ______ (read) in his hand，enjoying the peaceful atmosphere.
④他走进房间时脸上带着开心的微笑，让每个人都感到高兴。
He walked into the room _______________________，making everyone feel happy.(读后续写之心理描写)
ringing
reduced
to read
with a big smile on his face
[写作积累] She entered the classroom with her hands full of books，looking a little tired but determined.(读后续写之人物描写)她走进教室时手里拿着一堆书，看起来有些疲惫，但依然坚定。
1.withdraw
①I wanted to withdraw $2，000 from the nearby bank.____
②The tennis player withdrew from several tournaments as a result of injury.____
③Aware of his mistake，the minister withdrew his former statement later.____
2.The chairman extended a warm welcome to the guest speaker.____________
3.Complaints must be made through the proper and legal channels.____________
C
A
B
vt.提供；给予
n.途径；渠道
A.vi.退出 B.vt.收回(发言、意见等) C.vt.提取(存款等)
Ⅰ.单词拼写(每小题1分，共10分)
1.The ______ (皇家的) family lives in a huge palace and attends important events.
2.The navy's _____ (舰队) of ships sailed across the ocean to protect the country.
3.The two schools formed a ______ (联盟) to organize annual sports events together.
4.The strong _____ (关系)between the two friends was built on trust and shared experiences.
5.The teacher _________ (延长) the deadline for the project by one week.
(满分：72.5分)
royal
fleet
league
bond
extended
6.We watched the movie on the Discovery ________(频道) last night.
7.The two countries are trying to ________(谈判) a peace agreement to end the conflict.
8.She b_____ the beautiful sunset as she stood by the beach.
9.The m______ sold beautiful silk clothes in the marketplace.
10.My grandmother often tells me an interesting t___ about her childhood.
Channel
negotiate
eheld
erchant
ale
Ⅱ.单句语法填空(每小题1.5分，共15分)
1.The __________ (merchant) in the market were selling fresh fruits and vegetables to customers.
2.I don't understand _____ he is trying to explain in his presentation.
3.As we reached the top of the mountain，we ______(behold)a breathtaking view of the entire city.
4.He decided to withdraw _____ the competition after realizing he wasn't ready.
5.He sat with his arms _______(cross)，looking tired after the long meeting.
merchants
what
beheld
from
crossed
6.She has developed a strong bond ____ her classmates over the years of studying together.
7.They have been negotiating ____ the supplier for a better price on the materials.
8.The ________ (extend) of the school's library hours has made it easier for students to find a proper place to study after class.
9.I have a few assignments __ hand，but I will complete them by tomorrow.
10.The deadline for the assignment was extended __ one week to give students more time to finish their work.
with
with
extension
in
by
Ⅲ.完成句子(每小题3分，共15分)
1.最后，我们拍了一张合影，手里端着茶杯，记录了这次难忘的经历。
In the end，we took a group photo，_________________________，to record this unforgettable experience.(with复合结构)
2.派对如期望的那样顺利而愉快地结束了。
The party ended up ____________，smoothly and joyfully.(as)
3.没必要担心，因为你的新电脑在保修期内。
______________________，for your new computer is under guarantee.[there is no need (for sb ) to do sth]
with cups of tea in our hands
as expected
There is no need to worry
4.我认为发生这种事该受责备的是你而不是你妹妹。
I think that it is you rather than your younger sister that is to blame for________________.
(what引导名词性从句)
5.这位善良的女士向这位无家可归的男子伸出了援助之手，为他提供食物和住所。
The kind-hearted lady _______________________________________，offering him food and shelter.(extend)
what has happened
extended her helping hand to the homeless man
Ⅰ.阅读理解(每小题2.5分，共20分)
A
When Roger Payne first heard the curious underwater sounds of a humpback whale，he was so moved that he cried.
Payne realized that the whale songs could be used as part of the novel movement to protect the mammals from extinction.In 1970 he released Songs of the Humpback Whale，an LP that sold 125，000 copies on first launch and remains the bestselling environmental album of all time.Accompanying the album was a 40-page booklet which impressed the need to conserve the world's whale populations.
When asked how whale songs should be heard，Payne said，“Attentively.You should listen silently.You should listen with nothing else to distract you.That's the way to listen.”
His own dream of learning “whaleish”，as he called it，was only half-complete；he believed that such knowledge draws us closer to the animal kingdom.It troubled him that he would not be alive to help in the fight to protect animals on the brink of extinction.“I find myself at 88 years of age，” he wrote in an article for TIME magazine，“very close to the end of a long life，coming to terms with the fact that I will not be around to find out what we learn.”
Payne was always curious，with a childlike delight in the natural world and his interests were wide-ranging.Astronomy，giant clams and cellular biology，to name a few.He was also a practical man who spent many of his waking hours working with machinery in a messy workshop.
“We have learnt that all men are created equal，” said Payne after showing the beauty of whale songs to the world，“but the whales remind us that all species are created equal—that every organism on Earth，whether large or small，has an inalienable right to life.”
[语篇解读] 本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了生物学家Roger Payne如何通过记录座头鲸歌声推动全球鲸类保护运动。他发行的鲸歌专辑引发轰动，倡导人类专注聆听自然之声，并且毕生致力于探索动物语言与生态保护。
1.What impact did Roger Payne's album Songs of the Humpback Whale have
A.It became the bestselling album of all time.
B.It raised the awareness of whale conservation.
C.It led to a significant increase in humpback whale populations.
D.It featured a 40-page booklet about other marine animals.
解析 B 细节理解题。根据第二段内容可知，Roger Poyne的专辑《座头鲸之歌》提高了人们保护鲸鱼的意识。故选B。
2.According to Roger Payne，how should whale songs be listened to
A.By scientifically analyzing the acoustic patterns.
B.While multitasking，such as reading or writing.
C.With background sounds to enhance the experience.
D.Listening intently and without any distractions.
解析 D 细节理解题。根据第三段内容可知，Roger Payne认为鲸歌应该专心听，不受任何干扰。故选D。
3.What difficulty did Roger Payne have learning “whaleish”？
A.He feared that his efforts would be in vain.
B.He worried about the impact of his work on the animal kingdom.
C.He might not live long enough to see the results.
D.He was concerned about the limitations of human understanding.
解析 C 推理判断题。根据第四段“It troubled...what we learn.”可知，Roger Payne在学习“鲸语”方面遇到的困难是他可能活不到看到结果的时候。故选C。
4.Which words best describe Roger Payne
A.Curious and enthusiastic.
B.Practical and generous.
C.Knowledgeable and diverse.
D.Compassionate and diligent.
解析 D 推理判断题。根据第一段内容可知，Roger Payne听到鲸鱼的歌声后感动地哭了，再根据第二段“Payne realized...from extinction.”可知，他保护鲸鱼体现出他富有同情心；第三段“Attentively...the way to listen.”体现了他的细心。故选D。
B
Over 400 endangered olive ridley sea turtles have been washed ashore near Chennai，India，in just two weeks—a death event that hasn't been seen in over 20 years.These migratory turtles，known to travel thousands of miles to nest (筑巢) on India's eastern coast，face combined threats from habitat loss，illegal fishing and climate pressures.
Shravan Krishnan，a conservation volunteer，noted Chennai's coastline typically records 100－200 adult turtle deaths annually.“This year，we've already crossed 200 deaths in two weeks，” he said，adding that only four nests have been found this season because the eggs are damaged by beach-goers or eaten by dogs.Meanwhile，Odisha state—home to the mass nesting phenomenon Arribada—hosts over 500，000 turtles yearly，yet merely 0.1% of baby turtles survive to adulthood.
Experts blame the sudden rise in deaths on illegal trawl (拖网) fishing.Despite a 2016 rule limiting trawlers within five miles of shore during nesting season and requiring turtle excluder devices (TEDs) in nets，people don't follow the rules well.“TEDs reduce catch efficiency，so fishers throw them away，” said marine (海洋的) specialist Shantanu Kalambi.Trawl nets trap turtles underwater，killing them by making them unable to breathe underwater within hours.
Olive ridleys，already at risk，face existential threats：decreasing nesting beaches，plastic pollution，and rising temperatures that change the number of male and female baby turtles.Light pollution further confuses newborns，leading them away from the sea.Wildlife guardian Manish Meena emphasized efforts to educate fishers and send out coastguards，but enforcement gaps continue.
The species' survival is critical to marine ecosystems.By eating jellyfish，olive ridleys prevent rapid increases in the jellyfish population that could upset the balance of fishing industries.“They've lived well for millions of years，” Kalambi warned，“yet human actions now push them toward extinction.”
With over 900 turtle deaths recorded in 2014，the current crisis highlights the need for stronger laws and habitat protection.Even as conservationists work to save nests and stop illegal fishing，the future of these ancient creatures remains uncertain.
[语篇解读] 本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了印度钦奈附近出现了大量死亡的橄榄绿丽龟，分析了其死亡原因，并强调了保护这种海龟对海洋生态系统的重要性。
5.What do figures in paragraph 2 indicate about the turtles
A.Their behaviors are complex.
B.Their nesting sites are well-protected.
C.They face severe survival conditions.
D.They are seldom affected by humans.
解析 C 推理判断题。根据第二段“Chennai's coastline...baby turtles survive to adulthood.”可知，第二段中的数字表明了海龟面临着严峻的生存条件。故选C。
6.What is the function of TEDs in trawl nets
A.To reduce plastic pollution.
B.To increase catch efficiency.
C.To protect turtles from being trapped.
D.To make fishers follow the fishing rules.
解析 C 细节理解题。根据第三段“Despite a 2016 rule...follow the rules well.”可知，TEDs的作用是保护海龟以免被捕鱼网捕捞。故选C。
7.Why does the author mention jellyfish
A.To argue against fishing industries.
B.To show turtles' role in marine balance.
C.To highlight climate impact on jellyfish.
D.To compare jellyfish to other turtle threats.
解析 B 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“By eating jellyfish...the balance of fishing industries.”可知，作者提到水母是为了展示海龟在海洋平衡中的作用。故选B。
8.What can we infer from the text
A.Current protection laws are not strictly enforced.
B.Most baby turtles survive to adulthood in Odisha.
C.Trawl fishing has decreased significantly since 2016.
D.Government policies have successfully protected turtles.
解析 A 推理判断题。根据第三段“Despite a 2016 rule...follow the rules well.”和最后一段“With over 900 turtle deaths...and habitat protection.”可推知，现行的保护法律没有得到严格执行。故选A。
Ⅱ.阅读七选五(每小题2.5分，共12.5分)
Like space exploration，deep sea exploration requires new instruments and technology.The ocean depths are cold and dark and are under high pressure. 1 .
Finding the Bottom
In the 8th century，lead weights which were attached to ropes are dropped to measure water depth.Beginning in the 19th century，researchers used wire rather than rope to take sounding measurements.In the modern era，acoustic (声学的) depth measurement devices are widely used. 2 .
Human Exploration
Once people knew where the sea floor was， 3 .Science has progressed way beyond the diving bell，a huge bottle containing air that could be lowered into the water.The first submarine was built by Cornelius Drebbel in 1623.The first underwater breathing device was invented in 1865.In 1964，Alvin was tested.Alvin was built by General Mills and operated by the US Navy.Alvin allowed three people to remain underwater for as long as nine hours and as deep as 14，800 feet.Modern submarines can travel as deep as 20，000 feet.
Robotic Exploration
While humans have visited the bottom of the Mariana Trench， 4 .Further exploration relies on modern robotic systems.
Remotely operated vehicles (ROVs) are controlled by researchers on a ship.ROVs typically carry cameras，manipulator (操作) arms，sonar equipment，and sample containers.
Autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs) operate without human control. 5 .Some vehicles，such as the Nereus，act as either a ROV or AUV.
A.But diving deep never ends
B.Humans are curious about the sea
C.they have made a lot of discoveries
D.they wanted to visit and examine it
E.the trips only allowed limited exploration
F.Basically，they produce a loud sound and listen for echoes to measure distance
G.They generate maps，measure temperature and chemicals，and take photographs
[语篇解读] 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了人类对深海的探索从未停止过，人类利用了各种方式来探测深海的底部有多深。
1.A 根据上下文可知，尽管深海又黑又冷，但是人类一直在尝试各种方式来去探测深海，因此选项A与上文构成转折关系，同时引起下文，符合语境。故选A。
2.F 根据上文可知，研究者们通过测量声音来判断海底的深度，选项F中的“a loud sound”与上文的“take sounding measurements”相对应，F选项符合语境，they指代上文的acoustic depth measurement devices。故选F。
3.D 根据下文可知，人们发明和创造了很多东西来帮助自己去探索深海，因此可知人们对于深海是充满了兴趣和好奇的，一旦确定深海在哪，他们一定去看看深海是怎么样的。故选项D引起下文内容，符合语境。故选D。
4.E 根据下文可知，人类探索的能力有限，更进一步的探索需要借助现代的机器人系统，故选项E说明了人类探索的局限性，同时引出下文借助机器人系统来探索的重要性。故选E。
5.G 根据上下文可知，这些远程操控的机器有携带摄像机、机械臂、声呐设备和样本容器等能够实现诸如拍照等多种功能，故选项G符合语境。故选G。
【导语】 深海之下，埋藏着无数岁月遗留的秘密——沉船、古城、未解之谜，皆诉说着人类探索的足迹。面对黑暗、深压与寒冷，我们仍未停步，期待揭开海洋深处那片未知的世界。
DIVING DEEP
Lying under waters across the globe are an estimated three million shipwrecks①.All of them represent attempts over the centuries to explore Earth's furthest corners.Among these is the Esmeralda，the earliest wreck from the age of the European exploration of Asia.Today，some 500 years after the Esmeralda set sail，there is little—if any—land on our planet left unexplored.We have more detailed maps of the Moon，and even of Venus and Mars，than we do of Earth's own sea bed.
[1]Given our limited knowledge，it is perhaps no surprise that exploration of the oceans continues to lead to discoveries in various scientific fields. As with the discovery of the Esmeralda，many archaeological finds are made in shallow waters near the coast.These may sometimes include whole cities buried beneath② the waves.One such find is the ancient Roman city of Neápolis，discovered off the coast of Tunisia.Believed to have been buried underwater by a tsunami in the fourth century AD，the ruins of Neápolis are almost 2，000 years old.The remaining streets and buildings offer a window into a fascinating③ period in our history.However，we are only beginning to overcome the challenges of pressure，darkness and extreme cold at vast depths.Fragments(碎片)of the past lying deep beneath the oceans are still waiting to be discovered.
...
Being a tough environment of complete darkness，enormous pressure and intense④ cold，the ocean depths have long been beyond the reach of⑤ human exploration.However，through closer international scientific，economic and cultural cooperation，we are all becoming part of a global mission to open up our planet's final frontier.[2]Humankind is entering a new age of oceanic discovery，and the world beneath the waves may one day be almost as familiar to us as the land we walk upon today.
由文积词汇 据文悟句式
①shipwreck n. 失事的船；沉船
②beneath prep. 在……下面
③fascinating adj. 极有吸引力的；
迷人的
④intense adj. 强烈的；紧张的
⑤beyond the reach of
超出(权力或能力)可及的范围 [1]：句中“Given our limited knowledge”为分词短语作原因状语；“it”为形式主语，而“that”引导的从句为真正的主语。
[2]：连词“and”连接两个并列的分句；第二分句为复合句，其中的“as familiar to us as...”是形容词原级比较结构，而“we walk upon today”为省略关系代词的定语从句，修饰先行词“the land”。
【原文呈现】
REACHING OUT ACROSS THE SEA
Trade and curiosity① have often formed the foundation of mankind's greatest achievements.[1]To complete the great map of the world was a strong passion for the people of early civilisations.Marco Polo's tales inspired European explorers to search② for sea routes from west to east.[2]However，merchants③ and explorers from the East set sail④ from east to west many years before Columbus first did.
[1]句中动词不定式短语作主语。
[2]before Columbus first did是时间状语从句，动词did代替前面的动词短语set sail。
【词汇积累】
①curiosity n.好奇，好奇心
②inspire sb to do sth激励某人做某事
③merchant/?m??t? nt/n.商人；批发商；店主adj.海上货运的
④set sail起航；开航(其后常用介词for)
In ancient times，silk from China found its way overland to⑤ India，the Middle East，and Rome，along what became known as the Silk Road.A trading route across the sea was also extended⑥ along the coasts of the Indian Ocean，centred around⑦ Ceylon (now Sri Lanka).[3]Here，merchants from China and many other places met to negotiate⑧ trade deals，which also led to more awareness of each other's cultures.[4]Over the centuries，further trading allowed more exploration of the regions to the west of China，as recorded in Du Huan's Record of My Travels⑨ in the eighth century.
[3]句中which引导非限制性定语从句。
[4]as recorded in Du Huan's Record of My Travels in the eighth century是关系代词as引导的非限制性定语从句，as后面省略了it was。
⑤find one's way to...找到去……的路
⑥extend vt.扩展；使伸长；延长
⑦centre around以……为中心
⑧negotiate vt.商定；达成(协议) vi.谈判；磋商；协商
⑨杜环，中国唐代旅行家，公元762年，他写了《经行记》一书，可惜已失传。
Later，the Ming Dynasty further developed relations with these regions.Between 1405 and 1433，seven large fleets sailed west on voyages of trade and exploration.These fleets were a sight to behold⑩ and were in a league of their own at that time.Under the command of Zheng He，they set sail from the South China Sea across the Indian Ocean to the mouth of the Red Sea，and then to the east coast of Africa.African royal families sent gifts such as giraffes as gestures of friendship in return for gold，silk，and spices.[5]Although China withdrew from further expeditions after 1433，these land and sea routes remained active channels between other cultures for centuries.
[5]句中Although引导让步状语从句。
⑩a sight to behold壮观的景象
as prep.作为
in return for作为对……的回报
withdraw/w? ?dr??/vi.& vt.(使)撤回；撤离；撤退
withdraw本身已包含了“……回”之意，故不再和back连用。具有类似用法的词还有：return，repay等。
To reach out across the sea remains a strong desire today.[6]The ancient sea routes travelled by Zheng He are being revisited with the 21st Century Maritime Silk Road，which is part of the Belt and Road Initiative .
[6]句中travelled by Zheng He是过去分词短语作后置定语。
revisit vt.重游；再访；重临n.再访问
initiative n.倡议；新方案；主动权；积极性
[7]The aim of this initiative is to encourage cooperation and trade across the historic Silk Road areas，and strengthen the bonds between China and the rest of the world.Trading has grown greatly in recent years，and will continue to do so in years to come.[8]China has invested billions in systems and services along these routes，which will help to greatly develop the whole area for the benefit of future trade and cultural exchange.
[7]句中to encourage cooperation and trade是动词不定式短语作表语。
[8]该句为复合句。which will help to...exchange是关系代词which引导的非限制性定语从句，which指代前面整个主句的内容。
for the benefit of为……的利益
China has also joined its friends across the sea on other important projects.Although the ancient sea routes of Zheng He have been travelled many times，there are still many other places left to explore.[9]In recent years，China has joined other nations on several expeditions to explore the Arctic.From a scientific point of view ，there is an urgent need to study the Arctic in order to understand climate change and its effects.
[9]句中to explore the Arctic是动词不定式短语作目的状语。
from a...point of view从一个……的角度来看
[10]Hundreds of years on ，and with the latest technology in hand，the need to trade and the desire to enhance relationships will drive China to reach out across the sea far into the future.
[10]句中with the latest technology in hand是“with＋宾语＋宾语补足语”复合结构。
hundreds of years on数百年后
enhance vt.提高；加强；增加
【参考译文】
跨海越洋
贸易和好奇心奠定了人类最伟大成就的基础。早期文明的人们对勾勒出完整的世界版图满怀激情。马可·波罗的故事激励了欧洲探险家去寻找由西方通往东方的海上航线。然而，在哥伦布首次起航之前的很多年，来自东方的商人和探险家就从东向西扬帆起航。
在古代，中国丝绸经由一条陆路运到印度、中东和罗马，这条路就是有名的“丝绸之路”。一条跨越海洋的贸易路线也沿着印度洋海岸延伸到以锡兰(现在的斯里兰卡)为中心的沿海地区。在这里，来自中国和许多其他地方的商人聚在一起洽谈贸易协议，也增进了对彼此文化的了解。几个世纪以来，随着贸易的进一步发展，中国西部地区得到了更多的探索，正如8世纪时，杜环在《经行记》中所记载的那样。
后来，明朝时的中国和这些地区的关系得到了进一步发展。1405年到1433年间，七支大型船队向西航行，进行贸易和探险活动。这些船队在当时蔚为壮观，独领风骚。在郑和的指挥下，他们从中国南海起航，穿过印度洋，到达红海入海口，然后到达了非洲东海岸。非洲皇室向船队赠送长颈鹿等礼物以示友谊，船队则回赠了黄金、丝绸和香料。虽然中国在1433年以后就停止了进一步的海上探索，但这些陆上和海上路线在接下来的几个世纪里仍然是其他文化之间进行交流的繁忙通道。
在今天，人们跨越海洋的愿望依然强烈。随着作为“一带一路”倡议组成部分的“21世纪海上丝绸之路”的提出，郑和航行过的古代航道而今再度受到关注。
这一倡议旨在促进具有历史意义的“丝绸之路”周边地区的合作和贸易，并加强中国与世界其他地区的联系。沿线贸易近年来大幅增长，并将在未来几年继续增长。中国已投资了数十亿元用以建设沿线的运输系统和服务设施，这将有助于推动整个地区大发展，促进未来的贸易和文化交流。
中国还与大洋彼岸的伙伴在其他重要项目上开展了合作。虽然郑和的古航路已经被重走了很多次，但还有很多其他地方有待探索。近年来，中国与其他国家一起进行了多次北极探险。从科学的角度来看，我们确实迫切需要研究北极，以了解气候变化及其影响。
数百年过去了，随着最新技术的掌握，贸易的需要和加强关系的愿望将推动中国跨越海洋走向遥远的未来。
Look at the four pictures and think about the two questions below.
1.What do you think of when you see the photos
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Corals，fish，sea voyages，sea exploitation，sea protection，the development of a harmonious relationship between humans and the sea...
2.Do you know any stories about sea voyages
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
(For example 1) Zheng He was a Chinese admiral and explorer who led seven expeditions to the Western Oceans.The first voyage began in the third year of the Yongle era (1405)，and the final voyage concluded in the eighth year of the Xuande era (1433)，totaling seven expeditions.Zheng He's treasure voyages are recognized as one of the greatest maritime achievements in world history.
(For example 2) Christopher Columbus was an Italian explorer whose journeys kicked off centuries of exploration and exploitation on the American continents.He discovered a new world in 1492.(Answers may vary.)
Ⅰ.Read for the main idea
1.What is the text mainly about
A.China's explorations and cultural exchange cross the sea from ancient times to now.
B.Marco Polo's travels inspired European explorations across the sea or overland.
C.China's ancient maritime expeditions led to significant cultural exchanges.
D.The Belt and Road Initiative strengthens China's trade relations with the rest of the world.
答案 A
2.Choose the main idea of each paragraph.
A.It focuses on the Silk Road，emphasizing both overland and maritime routes and the cultural exchanges.
B.It highlights contemporary efforts with the 21st Century Maritime Silk Road.
C.The paragraph discusses how trade and curiosity have historically driven exploration.
D.It introduces more expeditions by China with other nations.
E.China continues reaching out across the sea to enhance relationships.
F.This paragraph focuses on the Ming Dynasty's expansion of relations through maritime expeditions led by Zheng He.
Para.1：__ Para.2：__ Para.3：__ Para.4：__ Para.5：__ Para.6：__
C
A
F
B
D
E
Ⅱ.Read for the structure
reasons
ancient
Silk Road
West
today’s
Initiative
expeditions
future
Ⅲ.Read for details
1.What's the purpose of paragraph 1
A.To lay the groundwork for the following text.
B.To show the achievements of humans.
C.To show the reason for sea exploration.
D.To arouse people's interest in Marco Polo.
答案 A
2.How can we describe Zheng He's voyages at that time
A.Astonishing. B.Disappointing.
C.Frightening. D.Meaningless.
答案 A
3.How did African royal families show their friendship to China
A.By sending gifts such as giraffes.
B.By stopping the war and beginning trading.
C.By showing their friendship to Zheng He.
D.By rewarding the ambassador.
答案 A
4.What's the purpose of the Belt and Road Initiative
A.To transform the historic Silk Road.
B.To encourage trade and cooperation with other countries.
C.To create a worldwide trading atmosphere.
D.To search for new trading and cultural exchange partners.
答案 B
Ⅰ.长难句分析
1.Over the centuries，further trading allowed more exploration of the regions to the west of China，as recorded in Du Huan's Record of My Travels in the eighth century.
[句式分析] 此句是__________句。句子的主语为____________，谓语为________，as recorded in...为_________从句的省略结构，句子补全为___________________。
[自主翻译] ___________________________________________________________
________________________________________________
主从复合
further trading
allowed
方式状语
as it was recorded in...
几个世纪间，随着贸易的进一步发展，中国西部地区得到了更多的探索，正如8世纪时，杜环在《经行记》中所记载的那样。
2.The ancient sea routes travelled by Zheng He are being revisited with the 21st Century Maritime Silk Road，which is part of the Belt and Road Initiative.
[句式分析] 此句是_________句。句中travelled by Zheng He是过去分词短语作
__________，修饰___________________；which引导_______________从句，修饰先行词_______________________________。
[自主翻译] _____________________________________________________________
__________________________________________
主从复合
后置定语
The ancient sea routes
the 21st Century Maritime Silk Road
随着作为“一带一路”倡议组成部分的“21世纪海上丝绸之路”的提出，郑和航行过的古代航道而今再度受到关注。
非限制性定语
Ⅱ.教考衔接
Fill in the blanks according to the text.
It is well-known that mankind's greatest achievements have often resulted from trade and 1._______ (curious) and people of early civilisations had a strong desire 2.__________ (complete) the great map of the world.European explorers，3._______ (inspire) by Marco Polo's tales searched for sea routes from west to east.However，merchants and explorers from the East set sail from east to west many years before Columbus first 4.____ (do).In ancient times，Chinese merchants shipped silk to India，the Middle East，and Rome，along 5._____ became known as the Silk Road.Trade between merchants from China and other 6.______ (place) resulted in better understanding of each other's cultures.In the Ming
curiosity
to complete
inspired
did
what
places
Dynasty，seven large fleets led by Zheng He set sail from the South China Sea across the Indian Ocean to the mouth of the Red Sea，and then to the east coast of Africa for trade and exploration.To reach out across the sea remains 7.__ strong desire today.The ancient sea routes travelled by Zheng He are being revisited with the 21st Century Maritime Silk Road，part of the Belt and Road Initiative.Besides，by now China 8._________ (join) its friends across the sea on other important projects.With the 9._____ (late)technology in hand，the need to trade and the desire to enhance relationships will drive China to reach out across the sea far 10._____ the future.
a
has joined
latest
into
Ⅰ.写作单词
1.____ n. 故事；叙述
2.________ n. 商人；批发商
adj. 海上货运的
3.______ vt. (beheld，beheld)看；看见
4.______ n. 等级；水平；联合会；联赛
5._____ n. 纽带；关系
vt.&vi. 增强信任关系；使牢固结合
tale
merchant
behold
league
bond
Ⅱ.拓展单词
1.______ vt.扩展；使伸长；延长→extension n.延伸；扩大→extensive adj. 广泛的，大量的，广阔的
2._________ vt.商定；达成(协议)vi.谈判；磋商；协商→negotiation n.谈判；磋商；协商→negotiator n. 谈判者；协商者
3._______ adj.皇家的；王室的；高贵的→royalty n.王室，皇族→royally adv.奢华地；极其
4.______ n.(调味)香料→spicy adj.辣的
5.________ vi.& vt.( withdrew，withdrawn) (使)撤回；撤离→withdrawal n.撤回，撤离
extend
negotiate
royal
spice
withdraw
Ⅲ.阅读单词
1.fleet n. ________________
2.channel n. ________________
3.maritime adj. ____________________
舰队；机群；车队
航道；海峡；频道
海的；海运的；海事的
Ⅳ.核心短语
1.________ 寻找
2.______ 起航；开航
3.______ 导致；引起
4.___________________ 独领风骚
5.___________________ 在……的指挥下
6.in return for... ________________
7.withdraw from ___________
8.for the benefit of... ______________
9.from a scientific point of view _______________
10.in hand ________________
search for
set sail
lead to
in a league of one's own
under the command of...
作为对……的回报
退出；撤回
为了……的利益
从科学角度来看
在手头；可供使用
Ⅴ.经典句型
1.动词不定式短语作主语
_________________________________ was a strong passion for the people of early civilisations.
早期文明的人们对勾勒出完整的世界版图满怀激情。
2.what引导的宾语从句
In ancient times，silk from China found its way overland to India，the Middle East，and Rome，along _______________________________.
在古代，中国丝绸经由一条陆路运到印度、中东和罗马，这条路就是有名的“丝绸之路”。
To complete the great map of the world
what became known as the Silk Road
3.which引导非限制性定语从句
The ancient sea routes travelled by Zheng He are being revisited with the 21st Century Maritime Silk Road，___________________________________.
随着作为“一带一路”倡议组成部分的“21世纪海上丝绸之路”的提出，郑和航行过的古代航道而今再度受到关注。
4.there is an urgent need to...意为“迫切需要……”
From a scientific point of view，_________________________ the Arctic in order to understand climate change and its effects.
从科学的角度来看，我们确实迫切需要研究北极，以了解气候变化及其影响。
which is part of the Belt and Road Initiative
there is an urgent need to study
5.with复合结构
Hundreds of years on，and ____________________________，the need to trade and the desire to enhance relationships will drive China to reach out across the sea far into the future.
数百年过去了，随着最新技术的掌握，贸易的需要和加强关系的愿望将推动中国跨海越洋走向遥远的未来。
with the latest technology in hand
词汇精研
1.extend vt.扩展；使伸长；延长
[教材原句] A trading route across the sea was also extended along the coasts of the Indian Ocean，centred around Ceylon (now Sri Lanka).一条跨越海洋的贸易路线也沿着印度洋海岸延伸到以锡兰(现在的斯里兰卡)为中心的沿海地区。
(1)extend...to 延长到
extend...by 延长了
extend sth to sb 向某人提供/给予某物
(2)extension n. 延长；扩大
[即时训练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①The teacher gave me an _________(extend) on the assignment deadline because I had been sick for several days.
②The deadline for submitting the report has been extended __ next Friday due to the holiday.
③The game was extended ___ another 10 minutes because the score was tied.
④即使他身处困境，他也会向我伸出援手。因此，我要向他表示衷心的感谢。
Even if he is in trouble，he will_________________________.So I would like to_________ ____________________.
[写作积累] I would like to extend my thanks to all our teachers，parents and families，who have done so much for us over the years.(应用文写作之感谢信)我要向所有的老师、父母和家人表示感谢，这些年来为我们付出了很多。
extension
to
by
extend his helping hand to me
extend my
heartfelt gratitude to him
2.negotiate vt.商定；达成(协议) vi.谈判；磋商；协商
[教材原句] Here，merchants from China and many other places met to negotiate trade deals，which also led to more awareness of each other's cultures.在这里，来自中国和其他许多地方的商人聚一起洽谈贸易协议，这也增进了对彼此文化的了解。
(1)negotiate with sb for/about sth＝negotiate sth with sb
与某人商议/谈判某事
(2)negotiation n. 谈判；协商
(3)negotiator n. 谈判者
[即时训练] 单句语法填空/一句多译
①Nowadays countries all over the world have entered into _________ (negotiate) with each other concerning how to protect oceans more efficiently.
②As a skilled _________ (negotiate)，she was able to convince both sides to agree on the terms of the contract.
③父母不得不与校长商议孩子提前毕业的事情，因为他的表现非常出色。
→The parents ______________________________________ their child's early graduation because of his excellent performance.
→The parents ________________________________________ the school principal because of his excellent performance.
negotiations
negotiator
had to negotiate with the school principal about
had to negotiate their child's early graduation with
[写作积累] During lunch，we will negotiate how to organize the upcoming school event，including decorations and food.(读后续写之动作描写)午餐时间，我们将协商如何组织即将到来的学校活动，包括装饰和食物。
withdraw from 退出，撤回
withdraw sth from 从……中提出某物
withdraw to 撤退到
3.withdraw vi.& vt.(使)撤回；撤离；从银行账户等提(款)；取(钱)
[教材原句] Although China withdrew from further expeditions after 1433，these land and sea routes remained active channels between other cultures for centuries.虽然中国在1433年以后就停止了进一步的海上探索，但这些陆上和海上路线在接下来的几个世纪里仍然是其他文化之间进行交流的繁忙通道。
[即时训练] 完成句子
①Feeling embarrassed after giving the wrong answer in class，she wanted to________
_____ (退出) the discussion.
②When the storm approached，the hikers had to ____________(撤退到) the nearest shelter for safety.
③他们需要从储蓄中提取一大笔钱来支付修理费用。
They needed to ____________________________________________to cover the cost of the repairs.(读后续写之动作描写)
[写作积累] Due to the heavy rain，the school decided to withdraw all students from the outdoor activities.(读后续写之动作描写)由于大雨，学校决定撤离所有参加户外活动的学生。
withdraw
from
withdraw to
withdraw a large amount of money from their savings
at hand 在手边；在附近
at first hand 第一手；亲自
by hand 用手
hand in hand 手拉手
4.in hand在手头；可供使用
[教材原句] Hundreds of years on，and with the latest technology in hand，the need to trade and the desire to enhance relationships will drive China to reach out across the sea far into the future.数百年过去了，随着最新技术的掌握，贸易的需要和加强关系的愿望将推动中国跨海越洋走向遥远的未来。
[即时训练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①To make it easier to get in touch with us，you'd better keep this card ___ hand.
②The washing machine was broken，so we had to wash our clothes ___ hand.
③俗话说：“成功与失败如影随形。”
As the old saying goes，“Success and failure always______________”.
④手里拿着她最喜欢的书，她坐在窗边享受阳光明媚的下午。
_________________________，she sat down by the window to enjoy the sunny afternoon.
[写作积累] Before the final exam，I had all my study materials in hand and felt confident that I could do well.(读后续写之心理描写)在期末考试之前，我将所有学习材料准备好，感到有信心考得很好。
at
by
go hand in hand
With her favorite book in hand
t
(1)what引导的宾语从句放在介词或动词之后，从句中使用陈述语序。
(2)what在从句中作主语、宾语或表语，表示“……的事物”。
句式剖析
1.句型公式：what引导的宾语从句
[教材原句] In ancient times，silk from China found its way overland to India，the Middle East，and Rome，along what became known as the Silk Road.在古代，中国丝绸经由一条陆路运到印度、中东和罗马，这条路就是有名的“丝绸之路”。
[即时训练] 完成句子/句式升级
①我对周末我们要做什么感到好奇，于是我向朋友们询问意见。
I was curious about _______________________________，so I asked my friends for ideas.
②我们得不到的似乎比我们所拥有的要好。
_______________ seems better than ____________.
③A tall building arose in a place which was wasteland.
→A tall building arose in _________________.(what引导的宾语从句)
[写作积累] He wondered what the teacher would ask in the final exam，and hoped he had studied enough.(读后续写之心理描写)他在想老师期末考试会问什么，希望自己已经足够准备。
what we would do during the weekend
What we can't get
what we have
what was wasteland
with复合结构在句中作状语，主要构成如下：
2.句型公式：with复合结构
[教材原句] Hundreds of years on，and with the latest technology in hand，the need to trade and the desire to enhance relationships will drive China to reach out across the sea far into the future.数百年过去了，随着最新技术的掌握，贸易的需要和加强关系的愿望将推动中国跨海越洋走向遥远的未来。
[即时训练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①With the bell _______ (ring) loudly，the students rushed out of the classroom to start their lunch break.
②(2025·浙江卷)With human inputs dramatically _______ (reduce)，the garden's ecology can develop well.
③He sat down on the bench in the park，with a book ______ (read) in his hand，enjoying the peaceful atmosphere.
④他走进房间时脸上带着开心的微笑，让每个人都感到高兴。
He walked into the room _______________________，making everyone feel happy.(读后续写之心理描写)
ringing
reduced
to read
with a big smile on his face
[写作积累] She entered the classroom with her hands full of books，looking a little tired but determined.(读后续写之人物描写)她走进教室时手里拿着一堆书，看起来有些疲惫，但依然坚定。
1.withdraw
①I wanted to withdraw $2，000 from the nearby bank.____
②The tennis player withdrew from several tournaments as a result of injury.____
③Aware of his mistake，the minister withdrew his former statement later.____
2.The chairman extended a warm welcome to the guest speaker.____________
3.Complaints must be made through the proper and legal channels.____________
C
A
B
vt.提供；给予
n.途径；渠道
A.vi.退出 B.vt.收回(发言、意见等) C.vt.提取(存款等)
Ⅰ.单词拼写(每小题1分，共10分)
1.The ______ (皇家的) family lives in a huge palace and attends important events.
2.The navy's _____ (舰队) of ships sailed across the ocean to protect the country.
3.The two schools formed a ______ (联盟) to organize annual sports events together.
4.The strong _____ (关系)between the two friends was built on trust and shared experiences.
5.The teacher _________ (延长) the deadline for the project by one week.
(满分：72.5分)
royal
fleet
league
bond
extended
6.We watched the movie on the Discovery ________(频道) last night.
7.The two countries are trying to ________(谈判) a peace agreement to end the conflict.
8.She b_____ the beautiful sunset as she stood by the beach.
9.The m______ sold beautiful silk clothes in the marketplace.
10.My grandmother often tells me an interesting t___ about her childhood.
Channel
negotiate
eheld
erchant
ale
Ⅱ.单句语法填空(每小题1.5分，共15分)
1.The __________ (merchant) in the market were selling fresh fruits and vegetables to customers.
2.I don't understand _____ he is trying to explain in his presentation.
3.As we reached the top of the mountain，we ______(behold)a breathtaking view of the entire city.
4.He decided to withdraw _____ the competition after realizing he wasn't ready.
5.He sat with his arms _______(cross)，looking tired after the long meeting.
merchants
what
beheld
from
crossed
6.She has developed a strong bond ____ her classmates over the years of studying together.
7.They have been negotiating ____ the supplier for a better price on the materials.
8.The ________ (extend) of the school's library hours has made it easier for students to find a proper place to study after class.
9.I have a few assignments __ hand，but I will complete them by tomorrow.
10.The deadline for the assignment was extended __ one week to give students more time to finish their work.
with
with
extension
in
by
Ⅲ.完成句子(每小题3分，共15分)
1.最后，我们拍了一张合影，手里端着茶杯，记录了这次难忘的经历。
In the end，we took a group photo，_________________________，to record this unforgettable experience.(with复合结构)
2.派对如期望的那样顺利而愉快地结束了。
The party ended up ____________，smoothly and joyfully.(as)
3.没必要担心，因为你的新电脑在保修期内。
______________________，for your new computer is under guarantee.[there is no need (for sb ) to do sth]
with cups of tea in our hands
as expected
There is no need to worry
4.我认为发生这种事该受责备的是你而不是你妹妹。
I think that it is you rather than your younger sister that is to blame for________________.
(what引导名词性从句)
5.这位善良的女士向这位无家可归的男子伸出了援助之手，为他提供食物和住所。
The kind-hearted lady _______________________________________，offering him food and shelter.(extend)
what has happened
extended her helping hand to the homeless man
Ⅰ.阅读理解(每小题2.5分，共20分)
A
When Roger Payne first heard the curious underwater sounds of a humpback whale，he was so moved that he cried.
Payne realized that the whale songs could be used as part of the novel movement to protect the mammals from extinction.In 1970 he released Songs of the Humpback Whale，an LP that sold 125，000 copies on first launch and remains the bestselling environmental album of all time.Accompanying the album was a 40-page booklet which impressed the need to conserve the world's whale populations.
When asked how whale songs should be heard，Payne said，“Attentively.You should listen silently.You should listen with nothing else to distract you.That's the way to listen.”
His own dream of learning “whaleish”，as he called it，was only half-complete；he believed that such knowledge draws us closer to the animal kingdom.It troubled him that he would not be alive to help in the fight to protect animals on the brink of extinction.“I find myself at 88 years of age，” he wrote in an article for TIME magazine，“very close to the end of a long life，coming to terms with the fact that I will not be around to find out what we learn.”
Payne was always curious，with a childlike delight in the natural world and his interests were wide-ranging.Astronomy，giant clams and cellular biology，to name a few.He was also a practical man who spent many of his waking hours working with machinery in a messy workshop.
“We have learnt that all men are created equal，” said Payne after showing the beauty of whale songs to the world，“but the whales remind us that all species are created equal—that every organism on Earth，whether large or small，has an inalienable right to life.”
[语篇解读] 本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了生物学家Roger Payne如何通过记录座头鲸歌声推动全球鲸类保护运动。他发行的鲸歌专辑引发轰动，倡导人类专注聆听自然之声，并且毕生致力于探索动物语言与生态保护。
1.What impact did Roger Payne's album Songs of the Humpback Whale have
A.It became the bestselling album of all time.
B.It raised the awareness of whale conservation.
C.It led to a significant increase in humpback whale populations.
D.It featured a 40-page booklet about other marine animals.
解析 B 细节理解题。根据第二段内容可知，Roger Poyne的专辑《座头鲸之歌》提高了人们保护鲸鱼的意识。故选B。
2.According to Roger Payne，how should whale songs be listened to
A.By scientifically analyzing the acoustic patterns.
B.While multitasking，such as reading or writing.
C.With background sounds to enhance the experience.
D.Listening intently and without any distractions.
解析 D 细节理解题。根据第三段内容可知，Roger Payne认为鲸歌应该专心听，不受任何干扰。故选D。
3.What difficulty did Roger Payne have learning “whaleish”？
A.He feared that his efforts would be in vain.
B.He worried about the impact of his work on the animal kingdom.
C.He might not live long enough to see the results.
D.He was concerned about the limitations of human understanding.
解析 C 推理判断题。根据第四段“It troubled...what we learn.”可知，Roger Payne在学习“鲸语”方面遇到的困难是他可能活不到看到结果的时候。故选C。
4.Which words best describe Roger Payne
A.Curious and enthusiastic.
B.Practical and generous.
C.Knowledgeable and diverse.
D.Compassionate and diligent.
解析 D 推理判断题。根据第一段内容可知，Roger Payne听到鲸鱼的歌声后感动地哭了，再根据第二段“Payne realized...from extinction.”可知，他保护鲸鱼体现出他富有同情心；第三段“Attentively...the way to listen.”体现了他的细心。故选D。
B
Over 400 endangered olive ridley sea turtles have been washed ashore near Chennai，India，in just two weeks—a death event that hasn't been seen in over 20 years.These migratory turtles，known to travel thousands of miles to nest (筑巢) on India's eastern coast，face combined threats from habitat loss，illegal fishing and climate pressures.
Shravan Krishnan，a conservation volunteer，noted Chennai's coastline typically records 100－200 adult turtle deaths annually.“This year，we've already crossed 200 deaths in two weeks，” he said，adding that only four nests have been found this season because the eggs are damaged by beach-goers or eaten by dogs.Meanwhile，Odisha state—home to the mass nesting phenomenon Arribada—hosts over 500，000 turtles yearly，yet merely 0.1% of baby turtles survive to adulthood.
Experts blame the sudden rise in deaths on illegal trawl (拖网) fishing.Despite a 2016 rule limiting trawlers within five miles of shore during nesting season and requiring turtle excluder devices (TEDs) in nets，people don't follow the rules well.“TEDs reduce catch efficiency，so fishers throw them away，” said marine (海洋的) specialist Shantanu Kalambi.Trawl nets trap turtles underwater，killing them by making them unable to breathe underwater within hours.
Olive ridleys，already at risk，face existential threats：decreasing nesting beaches，plastic pollution，and rising temperatures that change the number of male and female baby turtles.Light pollution further confuses newborns，leading them away from the sea.Wildlife guardian Manish Meena emphasized efforts to educate fishers and send out coastguards，but enforcement gaps continue.
The species' survival is critical to marine ecosystems.By eating jellyfish，olive ridleys prevent rapid increases in the jellyfish population that could upset the balance of fishing industries.“They've lived well for millions of years，” Kalambi warned，“yet human actions now push them toward extinction.”
With over 900 turtle deaths recorded in 2014，the current crisis highlights the need for stronger laws and habitat protection.Even as conservationists work to save nests and stop illegal fishing，the future of these ancient creatures remains uncertain.
[语篇解读] 本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了印度钦奈附近出现了大量死亡的橄榄绿丽龟，分析了其死亡原因，并强调了保护这种海龟对海洋生态系统的重要性。
5.What do figures in paragraph 2 indicate about the turtles
A.Their behaviors are complex.
B.Their nesting sites are well-protected.
C.They face severe survival conditions.
D.They are seldom affected by humans.
解析 C 推理判断题。根据第二段“Chennai's coastline...baby turtles survive to adulthood.”可知，第二段中的数字表明了海龟面临着严峻的生存条件。故选C。
6.What is the function of TEDs in trawl nets
A.To reduce plastic pollution.
B.To increase catch efficiency.
C.To protect turtles from being trapped.
D.To make fishers follow the fishing rules.
解析 C 细节理解题。根据第三段“Despite a 2016 rule...follow the rules well.”可知，TEDs的作用是保护海龟以免被捕鱼网捕捞。故选C。
7.Why does the author mention jellyfish
A.To argue against fishing industries.
B.To show turtles' role in marine balance.
C.To highlight climate impact on jellyfish.
D.To compare jellyfish to other turtle threats.
解析 B 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“By eating jellyfish...the balance of fishing industries.”可知，作者提到水母是为了展示海龟在海洋平衡中的作用。故选B。
8.What can we infer from the text
A.Current protection laws are not strictly enforced.
B.Most baby turtles survive to adulthood in Odisha.
C.Trawl fishing has decreased significantly since 2016.
D.Government policies have successfully protected turtles.
解析 A 推理判断题。根据第三段“Despite a 2016 rule...follow the rules well.”和最后一段“With over 900 turtle deaths...and habitat protection.”可推知，现行的保护法律没有得到严格执行。故选A。
Ⅱ.阅读七选五(每小题2.5分，共12.5分)
Like space exploration，deep sea exploration requires new instruments and technology.The ocean depths are cold and dark and are under high pressure. 1 .
Finding the Bottom
In the 8th century，lead weights which were attached to ropes are dropped to measure water depth.Beginning in the 19th century，researchers used wire rather than rope to take sounding measurements.In the modern era，acoustic (声学的) depth measurement devices are widely used. 2 .
Human Exploration
Once people knew where the sea floor was， 3 .Science has progressed way beyond the diving bell，a huge bottle containing air that could be lowered into the water.The first submarine was built by Cornelius Drebbel in 1623.The first underwater breathing device was invented in 1865.In 1964，Alvin was tested.Alvin was built by General Mills and operated by the US Navy.Alvin allowed three people to remain underwater for as long as nine hours and as deep as 14，800 feet.Modern submarines can travel as deep as 20，000 feet.
Robotic Exploration
While humans have visited the bottom of the Mariana Trench， 4 .Further exploration relies on modern robotic systems.
Remotely operated vehicles (ROVs) are controlled by researchers on a ship.ROVs typically carry cameras，manipulator (操作) arms，sonar equipment，and sample containers.
Autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs) operate without human control. 5 .Some vehicles，such as the Nereus，act as either a ROV or AUV.
A.But diving deep never ends
B.Humans are curious about the sea
C.they have made a lot of discoveries
D.they wanted to visit and examine it
E.the trips only allowed limited exploration
F.Basically，they produce a loud sound and listen for echoes to measure distance
G.They generate maps，measure temperature and chemicals，and take photographs
[语篇解读] 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了人类对深海的探索从未停止过，人类利用了各种方式来探测深海的底部有多深。
1.A 根据上下文可知，尽管深海又黑又冷，但是人类一直在尝试各种方式来去探测深海，因此选项A与上文构成转折关系，同时引起下文，符合语境。故选A。
2.F 根据上文可知，研究者们通过测量声音来判断海底的深度，选项F中的“a loud sound”与上文的“take sounding measurements”相对应，F选项符合语境，they指代上文的acoustic depth measurement devices。故选F。
3.D 根据下文可知，人们发明和创造了很多东西来帮助自己去探索深海，因此可知人们对于深海是充满了兴趣和好奇的，一旦确定深海在哪，他们一定去看看深海是怎么样的。故选项D引起下文内容，符合语境。故选D。
4.E 根据下文可知，人类探索的能力有限，更进一步的探索需要借助现代的机器人系统，故选项E说明了人类探索的局限性，同时引出下文借助机器人系统来探索的重要性。故选E。
5.G 根据上下文可知，这些远程操控的机器有携带摄像机、机械臂、声呐设备和样本容器等能够实现诸如拍照等多种功能，故选项G符合语境。故选G。