人教版高中英语选择性必修第四册UNIT 3 SEA EXPLORATION Section Ⅳ 双写培优课课件

(共36张PPT)
——写一篇关于海洋探索的英文议论文
学语言 学结构
1.对比论证
[教材原句]　(Text 1)：The sea is home to life, not human beings' possessions.
[分析]　通过对比“home to life”与“human beings' possessions”，强调海洋的生态价值而非经济属性。这种手法在应用文中可强化观点，在读后续写中能突出角色价值观冲突。 　　这两篇文章均采用“总—分—总”结构，表达的观点对立。
Text 1 先总述海洋开发引发问题，后分述海洋污染、资源开采与过度捕捞的危害，末段呼吁保护海洋，强调海洋探索弊大于利；
学语言 学结构
2.因果链式逻辑
[教材原句]　(Text 1)：Because of climate change，there is less ice... we can look for more fossil fuels... the ice will melt more...
[分析]　通过因果链条揭示恶性循环，适合应用文分析复杂问题或读后续写推动情节发展。
3.衔接过渡
[教材原句]　(Text 2)：Of course, there are still environmental risks. However, these should be balanced with economic needs.
[分析]　先承认对立观点，再转折强化自身立场。应用文中可体现客观性，读后续写中适合角色内心挣扎。 　　
Text 2 开篇点明海洋探索必要性，分论科研价值、资源开发及人口需求，末段承认环境风险但主张平衡经济需求，结构清晰，例证与说理结合。
学语言 学结构
4.展望式结尾
[教材原句]　(Text 2)：Hopefully, as technology improves, we may have more options for managing this balance.
[分析]　以希望或警示收尾，引发读者思考。应用文可增强号召力，读后续写可铺垫续写内容。 这两篇短文均以海洋探索为核心，但立场相反，前者警示破坏，后者强调发展需求。
第一段：点明辩论的主题
1.When it comes to ocean exploration，people hold different opinions.
当谈到海洋探索时，人们持有不同的观点。
2.The opinion on whether to further explore the ocean varies from person to person.
关于是否进一步探索海洋的观点因人而异。
3.Our class had a heated discussion about the phenomenon.Opinions are mainly divided into two groups.
我们班对这种现象进行了热烈讨论，主要有两种观点。
第二段：用简洁的语言陈述双方的观点，然后再分条陈述理由
1.Some people hold the view that ocean exploration may do damage to some marine life.
一些人认为海洋探索可能会对一些海洋生物造成伤害。
2.Some people support/are in favour of ocean exploration because rich resources in the ocean may help solve the problem of energy shortages.
一些人支持海洋探索，因为丰富的海洋资源可以帮助解决能源短缺的问题。
3.A majority of people approve of the idea because fish can provide us with rich nutrients.
大多数人赞成这个观点，因为鱼可以给我们提供丰富的营养。
4.Through ocean exploration，we can know more about the ocean and better understand the reason why the environment changes.
通过海洋探索，我们可以更多地了解海洋，更好地了解环境变化的原因。
5.Information from ocean exploration is very important，which helps us to predict earthquakes and tsunamis.
来自海洋探索的信息很重要，它有助于我们预测地震和海啸。
6.However，some people hold a different opinion.They think that human's overfishing may not only cause pollution but also destroy the deep-sea ecosystem.
然而，一些人持有不同的观点。 他们认为人类的过度捕捞不仅会造成污染，还会破坏深海生态系统。
第三段：表达自己的观点
1.Personally speaking，there are some good and bad effects caused by ocean exploration.
就我个人而言，海洋探索既有好的影响也有坏的影响。
2.As far as I'm concerned，moderate ocean exploration is worth investing because it can inspire humans to find new energy.
在我看来，适度的海洋探索是值得投资的，因为它可以激励人类去发现新能源。
假定你是李华，最近你们班就“人类是否应该进行海洋探索”进行了讨论。请你根据讨论结果，写一封信给某英文报社投稿。
赞成的理由 反对的理由 你的看法
1.获取更多的海洋资源；
2.提高对地球上生命的理解。 1.造成海洋污染，最终导致海洋生物死亡；
2.破坏生态系统。 ……
　　注意：写作词数应为80个左右。
Dear Editor，
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours，
Li Hua
[审题谋篇]
第一段：提出论点——赞成开发利用海洋。
第二段：从三个方面论证观点。
第三段：得出结论。
[遣词造句]
1.人们应该广泛探索海洋吗？(explore；extensively)
__________________________________
2.昨天，我们班对此进行了热烈的讨论。(a heated discussion)
__________________________________________
3.海洋探索使我们有可能发现新的食物和能量来源。(it作形式宾语)
____________________________________________________________________
4.海洋探索能提高我们对地球上生命的理解。(our understanding of)
___________________________________________________
5.这也许会带来更多的污染并对水下生态系统造成破坏。(bring about；ecosystem)
_________________________________________________________________
Should people explore oceans extensively
Our class had a heated discussion about it yesterday.
Sea exploration makes it possible for us to discover new sources of food and energy.
Sea exploration can improve our understanding of life on Earth.
It may bring about more pollution and this can destroy the underwater ecosystem.
[句式升级]
6.用whether引导的宾语从句改写句1和句2。
_________________________________________________________________________________
7.用not only...but also...将句3和句4合并为并列句。
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
8.用定语从句改写句5。
__________________________________________________________________
Yesterday our class had a heated discussion about whether people should explore oceans extensively.
Not only does sea exploration make it possible for us to discover new sources of food and energy，but it can also improve our understanding of life on Earth.
It may bring about more pollution，which can destroy the underwater ecosystem.
[连句成篇]
Dear editor，
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours，
Li Hua
[参考范文]
Dear editor，
Yesterday our class had a heated discussion about whether people should explore oceans extensively.
Some are in favour of sea exploration.In their opinion，not only does sea exploration make it possible for us to discover new sources of food and energy，but it can also improve our understanding of life on Earth.Opponents of sea exploration think that it may bring about more pollution，which can destroy the underwater ecosystem.Besides，people are killing marine animals without mercy，leading to the extinction of many species.
Personally，environmental risks should be balanced with economic needs and we are sure to manage this balance.
Yours，
Li Hua
1.海洋的现状
单词 pollution n.污染；plastic n.塑料；ecosystem n.生态系统；biodiversity n.生物多样性；species n.物种；endangered adj.濒危的；overfishing n.过度捕鱼；salinity n.盐度；marine adj.海产的；waste n.废物
词块 see marine life struggling目睹海洋生物艰难求生；water quality drop sharply水质急剧下降；an alarming discovery惊人的发现；the balance of life in the ocean海洋中生命的平衡；support marine conservation支持海洋保护；sustainable fishing可持续捕鱼；oil spills油污泄漏；rising sea levels海平面上升
句型 ①In recent years，overfishing and pollution have put the world's oceans in great danger.
近年来，过度捕捞和污染已使世界海洋处于极大的危险之中。
②The rising sea levels are a result of global warming，which affects many coastal areas.
海平面上升是全球变暖的结果，它影响了许多沿海地区。
③Plastic waste in the ocean is not only harmful to animals but also affects the entire ecosystem.
海洋中的塑料废物不仅对动物有害，还影响整个生态系统。
2.保护海洋的措施
单词 conservation n.保护 recycling n.回收 protection n.保护 sustainability n.可持续性 reserve n.保护区awareness n.意识emissions n.排放 regulations n.规定clean-up n.清理 eco-friendly adj.环保的
词块 protect vast amounts of resources under the ocean保护海洋下的大量资源；arouse the awareness of protecting the ocean唤起保护海洋的意识；clean up ocean pollution清理海洋污染；ban over-fishing strictly严格禁止过度捕捞；maintain the balance of ecology维持生态平衡；promote ocean conservation efforts促进海洋保护工作peaceful ocean home宁静的海洋家园；monitor ocean health监测海洋健康
句型 ①We should support sustainable fishing practices to ensure the long-term health of marine species.我们应该支持可持续的捕鱼方式，以确保海洋物种的长期健康。
②We need to enforce stricter laws to prevent overfishing and protect fish populations.
我们需要实施更严格的法律，以防止过度捕鱼并保护鱼类种群。
③Raising awareness about the importance of ocean conservation is essential for protecting marine ecosystems.
对于保护海洋生态系统，提高人们对海洋保护重要性的意识是至关重要的。
3.保护海洋的意义
单词 balance v.&n.平衡conservation n.保护health n.健康 resources n.资源 vital adj.至关重要的 survival n.生存 protection n.保护 restoration n.恢复
词块 clean environment清洁环境；planet health地球健康；be rich in natural resources自然资源丰富；clean up and protect the ocean for future generations为子孙后代清理和保护海洋；further develop relations with...进一步发展与……的关系；encourage cooperation and trade across the historic Silk Road areas鼓励历史悠久的丝绸之路地区的合作与贸易；natural balance自然平衡
句型 ①The ocean not only provides us with abundant sea food，but also plays a vital part in maintaining the balance of our ecosystem.
海洋不仅为我们提供了丰富的海洋食物，而且在维持生态系统的平衡方面起着至关重要的作用。
②The ocean plays a key role in regulating the climate and producing oxygen，making its protection essential for life on Earth.
海洋在调节气候和产生氧气方面发挥着关键作用，因此保护海洋对地球上的生命至关重要。
③Conserving the ocean is not only crucial for marine life，but also for the well-being of humans and the economy.保护海洋不仅对海洋生物至关重要，对人类的福祉和经济也同样重要。
1.鱿鱼先生的海洋历险(鱿鱼先生在快乐游泳→注意到海洋污染带来的问题→鱿鱼先生的觉悟及决心)
Mr Squid was swimming happily when he noticed ① __________________________
(塑料废物和海洋污染) everywhere.②____________________________ (水质急剧下降)，and he saw marine life struggling.He was shocked by ③______________________ (惊人的发现)of oil spills and plastic pollution.He realized ④_________________________ (海洋中生命的平衡) was being destroyed.Mr Squid decided to ⑤____________________________
________________ (支持海洋保护和可持续捕鱼) to protect the ocean and its creatures.
plastic waste and ocean pollution
The water quality dropped sharply
the alarming discovery
the balance of life in the ocean
support marine conservation and
sustainable fishing
2.鱿鱼先生保护海洋的故事(鱿鱼先生快乐的生活→发现问题→行动)
Mr Squid ① _________________________(喜欢他宁静的海洋家园)，but he saw
plastic waste and oil spills harming the sea.The ocean's health was in danger.②__________
______________________ (为了促进海洋保护工作)，he decided to ③______________
___________________ (提高海洋保护意识).He joined efforts to ④______________
______________________________(清理海洋污染和严格禁止过度捕捞).By supporting marine conservation，he ⑤_______________________________________________ (帮助保护海洋下的大量资源) and encouraged others to do the same，ensuring the ocean's future.
loved his peaceful ocean home
To promote
ocean conservation efforts
arouse awareness
about ocean protection
clean up ocean
pollution and ban over-fishing strictly
helped protect vast amounts of resources under the sea
Ⅰ.应用文写作(满分15分)
假定你是某中学的高二学生李华，你刚刚做了一个关于“保护海洋”的科学课题，请你给你的英国朋友Jim写信向他介绍相关内容：
1.目前海洋面临的问题；
2.问题出现的原因；
3.解决措施。
注意：写作词数应为80个左右。
(满分：40分)
Dear Jim，
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours，
Li Hua
[参考范文]
Dear Jim，
How is everything going Recently，I just have finished my science subject which is about Ocean Conservancy.It is said that our oceans are facing great pollution.Abundant marine resources are decreasing，and artificial waste kills countless ocean lives every year.
There are two main reasons for these problems.First of all，the discharge of untreated industrial waste water is one of the main causes of serious pollution of coastal marine water quality.Secondly，overfishing in the fishing industry destroys the ocean life chain.
Therefore，I think the government should strengthen the supervision of the coastal enterprises and set up the closed season to ensure the fish breeding.
Yours，
Li Hua
Ⅱ.读后续写(满分25分)
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Tom was a skilled teenage surfer.He had always been attracted by the ocean and the challenge of riding its waves.He had trained tirelessly for years，sharpening his skills and perfecting his technique.He had participated in many competitions and won several titles.But one day，his world was turned upside down.
It was a routine training day.While Tom was concentrating on his training in the sea，a shark came in through the broken shark-proof net and approached him.The animal knocked over Tom's surfboard and bit his right leg，tearing through his flesh (肉体) and causing massive damage.Despite the seriousness of his injuries，Tom was lucky to survive the attack.He was rushed to the hospital，where he received an emergency operation.With the efforts of doctors，his leg was saved.
Tom's recovery was long and painful，but he refused to give up on his dream of surfing.At first，his progress was slow.He had to learn to walk again，and then to run，and then to jump.Every movement was a struggle.But with the help of his family and friends，as well as his own fierce determination，Tom gradually began to make progress.He spent hours every day in the gym，doing strength and balance exercises to rebuild his body.
Finally，after months of hard work，Tom was ready to get back into the water.His first training was incredibly difficult，as he struggled to overcome his fear of the ocean and the memory of the shark attack.But gradually，he began to regain his confidence and his love for surfing.As his strength and skills returned，Tom set his sights on competing once again.He trained tirelessly，working with a coach to perfect his technique and improve his performance.And finally，the day of the competition arrived.
注意：续写词数应为150个左右。
Standing in front of the starting line again，Tom felt nervous. ___________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Tom fell into the sea. ___________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
[前文大意]　本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了汤姆是一个冲浪高手，但是曾经遭遇了鲨鱼袭击。汤姆的康复过程漫长而痛苦，但他拒绝放弃冲浪的梦想。当再一次比赛的时候，汤姆克服了内心的恐惧，实现了他的梦想。
[续写思路]
1.段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“再次站在起跑线前，汤姆感到紧张。”可知，第一段可描写汤姆紧张的原因以及比赛时的表现。
②由第二段首句内容“汤姆掉进了海里 ”可知，第二段可描写汤姆战胜了恐惧，实现了梦想。
2.续写线索：
感到紧张——专注任务——开始比赛——冷静应对——取得胜利——实现梦想
[参考范文]
Standing in front of the starting line again，Tom felt nervous.The memories of the shark attack flashed through his mind，but he pushed them aside and focused on the task at hand.He took a deep breath and reminded himself of all the hard work he had put in to get to this point.As the starting signal sounded，Tom paddled out to the wave with determination.He felt the familiar rush of adrenaline as he caught the wave and stood up on his surfboard.
Tom fell into the sea.But instead of panicking，he stayed calm and quickly climbed back onto his surfboard.He knew that setbacks were part of the sport and that he couldn't let them discourage him.He paddled back out to the wave and tried again.This time，he rode the wave all the way to the shore，feeling the thrill of victory as he emerged from the water.The crowd cheered as Tom walked up the beach，knowing that he had overcome a huge obstacle and achieved his dream once again.