(共109张PPT)
Section Ⅲ Developing ideas
1
篇章助解·释疑难
目 录
4
课时检测·提能力
3
核心知识·巧突破
2
文本透析·剖语篇
篇章助解·释疑难
力推课前预习
1
Little White Lies
[1]Written more than two hundred years ago， these lines by Walter
Scott① remain② one of the most well-known excerpts③ of Scottish poetry
④：
Oh， [2]what a tangled⑤ web⑥ we weave⑦，
When first we practise to deceive⑧！
[1]过去分词短语作状语，write与句子主语these lines是逻辑上的
动宾关系。
[2]what引导感叹句，其结构为：What＋a/an＋形容词＋名词＋
主语＋谓语！
【读文清障】
①Walter Scott 沃尔特·司各特（英国著名的历史小说家和诗人）
②remain v.保持，仍是
③excerpt n.摘录，节选
④Scottish poetry 苏格兰诗歌
⑤tangled adj.纠结的；复杂的
⑥web n.蜘蛛网；错综复杂的事物
⑦weave v.编，织
⑧deceive v.欺骗
[3]We all know that honesty⑨ is an important value⑩ and that lying
is wrong， but who can honestly say that they’ve never told a lie ？
[4]Perhaps we comfort ourselves with the knowledge that most of the
lies we tell are “white lies ”： little lies that we tell to protect others
from the truth.
[3]本句为but连接的并列复合句。在but前面的句子中，know 后
面是that 引导的两个宾语从句，其中第二个that 不能省略；在but后面
的句子中，say 后面是that 引导的宾语从句。
[4]本句是复合句。knowledge 后面是that 引导的同位语从句；
we tell是定语从句； little lies后是that 引导的定语从句；to protect
others from the truth为动词不定式短语作目的状语。
⑨honesty n.诚实
⑩value n.价值
tell a lie 说谎
comfort vt.安慰
knowledge n.知识；知晓，了解
white lies 善意的谎言
protect v.保护
protect ...from ...保护……免遭……
[5]本句是复合句。that we don’t like为that 引导的定语从句，修
饰前面的先行词meal。
[6]and 连接前后并列的两个谓语动词lie和say，say 后面是that 引
导的宾语从句。
[5]We’ve all surely had the experience of someone cooking a
meal for us that we don’t like. [6]The majority of us of course don’t
tell the truth — we lie and say that the food is “delicious”.
experience n.经历
the majority of 大多数
tell the truth 说实话
[7]Or if a friend asks us what we think of their new haircut ， we
say “It’s great！”， even if we think it’s awful . But to what
extent can we justify telling white lies like these？
[7]本句为复合句。asks us后面是what引导的宾语从句；even if
引导让步状语从句。
haircut n.发型
even if＝even though 即使
awful adj.糟糕的
to ...extent 在……程度上
justify v.证明（别人认为不合理的事）有道理；为……辩护
One of the main reasons for telling a white lie is to try to make
others feel better.[8]However， when we lie and say that someone’s
haircut looks good， or when we say that we love a meal that we secretly
hate， are we really hoping to improve the situation for someone else？
Perhaps we are in fact lying to protect ourselves from the disappointment
and anger of others.
[8]本句是复合句。or 连接两个when 引导的时间状语从句，主句
是一般疑问句，使用了现在进行时。However后面必须要加逗号。
one of the main reasons 主要原因之一
situation n.情况，形势
in fact＝as a matter of fact 事实上
disappointment n.失望
disappoint vt.使失望
disappointed adj.失望的
disappointing adj.令人失望的
anger n.生气
angry adj.生气的
Another reason for telling a white lie is to give encouragement .Say
for example that your friend asks you what you think of his
singing.[9]You of course say that it’s wonderful， despite secretly
thinking that your cat can sing better. [10]Stop for a moment and
consider that perhaps your friend wants some frank comments from you
so that they can improve. Or perhaps， they need to know that they should
look for a different hobby.
[9]本句中despite 为介词，其后引导表示让步意义的短语结构，
意义相当于although your cat can sing better。
[10]本句是复合句。主句为祈使句；that引导宾语从句；so that
引导目的状语从句，从句中常用情态动词。
encouragement n.鼓励
encourage vt.鼓励
despite＝in spite of 尽管
for a moment 一会儿
frank adj.坦率的，坦诚的，直言不讳的
comment n.评论
Finally， we may also tell a white lie when we want to protect others
from bad news.If you’ve had a bad day， do you tell your parents about
it， or do you hide your tears and lie that your day was “fine”？ If the
latter ， don’t you think your parents would want to listen to you and
understand your feelings？ Wouldn’t it be better to respect their concern
for you and ask for their advice ？
[11]Going back to Walter Scott’s lines， we may find even white
lies have results we cannot know in advance .[12]Perhaps the meal you
said was “delicious” will be served every time you visit. Would your
friend trust your opinion again if he found out you had lied about his
“wonderful” singing？ How would you expect others to truly
understand your emotions if you only shared good news instead of bad？
Moreover ， how would you feel if you discovered that the people closest
to you had been hiding the truth from you？
[11]Going back to Walter Scott’s lines为动词-ing短语作状语，go
与句子的主语we是逻辑上的主谓关系。
[12]you said was “delicious”为省略了关系代词that或which的定
语从句，修饰先行词meal； every time 引导时间状语从句，意为“每
次……”。
tear n.眼泪，泪水
latter n.后者
ask for one’s advice 征求某人的意见
in advance 提前
serve v.提供，接待，服务
emotion n.情感
moreover adv.此外，而且
【参考译文】
善意的小小谎言
200多年前，沃尔特·司各特写下的这几行文字，如今依然是苏格
兰诗歌中最广为传诵的诗句之一：
啊，谎言一旦开始，
我们须得织就一张错综复杂的网！
我们都知道诚实是一项重要品质，也知道说谎是不对的。但是谁
又能诚实地说自己从来没有说过谎呢？或许我们可以安慰自己，我们
说过的大部分谎言都是“善意的谎言”，即为了保护他人不被真相伤
害而撒的小谎。
我们一定都有过这样的经历：别人为我们准备的菜肴不合我们的
口味。大多数人会理所当然地把真实想法隐藏起来——我们会撒谎说
这道菜“很好吃”。
或者有朋友问我们他的新发型怎么样，即使我们觉得剪得非常糟
糕，也会说“棒极了！”但是这些善意的谎言到底有多正当呢？
说善意的谎言，主要原因之一是为了照顾别人的感受。但是，当
我们撒谎说某人的发型很好看，或者说不合我们口味的菜很好吃时，
我们真的是在为别人着想吗？也许事实上，我们撒谎只是为了不让别
人失望和生气，以免殃及自身。
说善意的谎言的另一个原因是给予鼓励。比如说，你的朋友问你
觉得他的歌唱得怎么样。尽管你私下里认为他唱得还不如猫叫好听，
但还是说他的歌声很美妙。停下来想一想，也许你的朋友就是想听到
你的真实评价，从而改进和提高。又或者，应该让他知道自己需要换
一个爱好了。
最后，想要向别人隐瞒坏消息的时候，我们可能也会说善意的谎
言。假如你今天过得很糟糕，你是对你的父母说实话呢，还是偷偷擦
掉眼泪骗他们说今天过得“不错”？如果你选择隐瞒，难道你不觉得
其实父母希望听你倾诉从而理解你的真实感受吗？尊重他们对你的关
心，向他们寻求建议不是更好吗？
回到沃尔特·司各特的诗句，我们会发现，即使是善意的谎言，
也会带来无法预知的后果。也许被你评价为“很好吃”的菜肴会在你
每次到访时都出现在餐桌上。你的朋友发现你对歌声“很美妙”的评
价是个谎言后，还会继续信任你的看法吗？如果你只分享好消息而隐
瞒坏消息，你还能期望他人真正理解你的情绪吗？而且，当你发现身
边最亲近的人在对你隐瞒真相时，你又会有怎样的感受呢？
文本透析·剖语篇
助力语篇理解
2
第一步：析架构理清脉络
第二步：知细节明察秋毫
1. What is the function of the first paragraph？（ ）
A. To introduce the topic of the whole passage.
B. To deepen the understanding of white lies.
C. To remind the readers of the damage of white lies.
D. To analyse why people like telling white lies.
2. What can we learn from Paragraph 2？（ ）
A. Being honest means you are valuable.
B. We tell lies so as to protect others.
C. Honest men say they never tell lies.
D. White lies have a kind original intention.
3. Why do we have to tell a white lie sometimes？（ ）
A. Because white lies make ourselves feel better.
B. Because white lies are always encouraging.
C. Because white lies can protect others from bad emotions.
D. Because all the white lies are kind and understandable.
4. Which example is a white lie used to give encouragement？（ ）
A. Your haircut looks good.
B. You sing a wonderful song.
C. The meal you cooked is delicious.
D. My day is fine.Don’t worry.
5. What can we learn from the last paragraph？（ ）
A. All the white lies are good for our lives.
B. All the white lies are bad for our lives.
C. Sometimes a white lie has a result we can’t know in advance.
D. If we tell a white lie， we will lose our best friends.
6. What is the author’s attitude towards “telling white lies”？
（ ）
A. Approving. B. Disapproving.
C. Cautious. D. Neutral.
第三步：品语言妙笔生辉
Read the passage carefully and find the sentence containing quotes.
Written more than two hundred years ago， these lines by Walter Scott
remain one of the most well-known excerpts of Scottish poetry：
Oh， what a tangled web we weave，
When first we practise to deceive！
第四步：拓思维品质提升
1. Whether should we tell white lies？
2. In your opinion， what is a white lie？
It depends on what thing we will tell.If it brings some bad results， I
think we’d better tell the truth.
A white lie refers to a lie that is told in order to be polite or to stop
someone from being upset by the truth or to encourage someone.
3. Can you give an example of a white lie？
For example， whenever my mother cooks meat， she often says that
she doesn’t like eating meat.In fact， she says so to save the meat
and allow us to eat more.
第五步：析难句表达升级
1. We all know that honesty is an important value and that lying is
wrong， but who can honestly say that they’ve never told a lie？
句式分析 本句为but连接的并列复合句。第一个分句是复合句，that
honesty is an important value and that lying is wrong为由连词and连接
的并列的 从句。第二个分句也是复合句，that they’ve
never told a lie为that引导的 从句。
自主翻译
宾语
宾语
我们都知道诚实是一项重要品质，也知道说谎是不对
的。但是谁又能诚实地说自己从来没有说过谎呢？
2. However， when we lie and say that someone’s haircut looks good，
or when we say that we love a meal that we secretly hate， are we
really hoping to improve the situation for someone else？
句式分析 本句为主从复合句。when we lie and say that someone’s
haircut looks good和when we say that we love a meal that we secretly
hate均为when引导的 从句；that someone’s haircut
looks good和that we love a meal都是that引导的 从句；that
we secretly hate为that引导的 从句，修饰先行词 。
自主翻译
时间状语
宾语
定语
meal
但是，当我们撒谎说某人的发型很好看，或者说不合
我们口味的菜很好吃时，我们真的是在为别人着想吗？
3. Perhaps the meal you said was “delicious” will be served every time
you visit.
句式分析 本句为复合句。you said was “delicious”为
从句；every time you visit为every time引
导的 从句。
自主翻译
省略了关
系代词that/which的定语
时间状语
也许被你评价为“很好吃”的菜肴会在你每次到访时
都出现在餐桌上。
核心知识·巧突破
探究课堂重点
3
Part Ⅰ 核心词汇集释
frank adj.坦率的，坦诚的，直言不讳的
【教材原句】 Stop for a moment and consider that perhaps your friend
wants some frank comments from you so that they can improve.
停下来想一想，也许你的朋友就是想听到你的真实评价，从而改进和
提高。
（1）to be frank 坦白说；坦率地说
to be frank with sb 对某人坦白
（2）frankly adv. 坦诚地，坦白说
frankly speaking 坦白说；坦率地说
（3）to be honest＝honestly speaking 老实说
to tell the truth 说实话
【用法】
【佳句】 To be frank/Frankly speaking， I’d like to be your friend
and invite you to come to my house on weekends.
坦白说，我想做你的朋友，并邀请你周末来我家。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①To be frank you， I don’t really think you’ve got a
chance.
② （frank）， my father and I are extremely similar in
personality.
with
Frankly
【写美】 同义句转换
③To be honest， it was one of the best books I’ve ever read.
→ ， it was one of the best books I’ve ever read.
→ ， it was one of the best books I’ve ever read.
Honestly speaking
To tell the truth
tear n.眼泪，泪水 vt.（tore， torn）撕碎，扯破；扯掉
【教材原句】 If you’ve had a bad day， do you tell your parents
about it， or do you hide your tears and lie that your day was “fine”？
假如你今天过得很糟糕，你是对你的父母说实话呢，还是偷偷擦掉眼
泪骗他们说今天过得“不错”？
【用法】
（1）burst into tears＝burst out crying 突然大哭起来
hold back the tears 忍住眼泪
move sb to tears 使某人感动得流泪
in tears 哭着；流泪
（2）tear up＝tear ...into pieces 撕毁；撕碎
tear down 拆除；拆掉
tear ...in two＝tear ...into halves 把……撕成两半
【佳句】 Tears of happiness flowed down her cheeks.
幸福的泪水顺着她的脸颊流下来。（情感描写）
【练透】 单句语法填空
①During the time when he told the story， we were all listening
tears.
②The city will tear the old building and create a park here.
③She （tear） up the letter angrily and threw it into the dustbin.
in
down
tore
【写美】 补全句子
④When the teacher woke up in the hospital， she found herself
surrounded by her students and .当老师在医院醒
来时，发现自己被学生们围着，感动得哭了。（情感描写）
was moved to tears
apart adv.分离，分开adj.分开的，分离的
【教材原句】 As soon as they started to get closer， they hurt each
other with their quills， so they had to move apart.它们一开始靠近就互
相用棘刺伤了对方，所以它们不得不分开。
【用法】
apart from 除……之外；除了……外（还有）
take ...apart 将……拆卸开/拆分
tell ...apart 分辨出，辨别
tear ...apart 使某人不快；撕毁某物
fall apart 崩溃；土崩瓦解
set sb apart 使某人与众不同
【佳句】 The twins are so alike that it’s difficult to tell them apart.
这对双胞胎长得太像了，很难把他们区分开来。
【点津】 apart from表示“除……之外”时，相当于except， except
for；表示“除了……外（还有）”时，相当于besides， in addition
to。
【练透】 选用上面短语并用其适当形式填空
①It me to think I might have made her sad.
②He drives around in an old car that’s .
③Her unusual lifestyle her as a child.
④It is easy to the machine but it is difficult to put it
together.
【写美】 补全句子
⑤ ， it is also a
good opportunity for me to do some voluntary work.
除了以上原因，这也是一次我做一些志愿工作的好机会。（申请信）
tears
apart
falling apart
set
apart
take
apart
Apart from/Besides/In addition to the reasons above
Part Ⅱ 重点句型解构
句型公式：so that引导目的状语从句
【教材原句】 Stop for a moment and consider that perhaps your friend
wants some frank comments from you so that they can improve.Or
perhaps， they need to know that they should look for a different hobby.
停下来想一想，也许你的朋友就是想听到你的真实评价，从而改进和
提高。又或者，应该让他知道自己需要换一个爱好了。
【用法】
（1）so that引导目的状语从句时，从句常和情态动词may/might，
can/could， should， would等连用。
（2）so that还可以引导结果状语从句，意为“因此，所以”，主从
句之间可用逗号隔开。
【品悟】 We should read more books so that we can get more
knowledge.
我们应当多读书，以便可以获得更多知识。
【点津】 in order that也可以引导目的状语从句，相当于so that，如
果更正式，可以用“in order to＋动词原形”替换。
【写美】 微写作/一句多译
①我们很早就去了电影院，结果我们坐到了好位置。
We went to the cinema very early， .
②他每天努力学习以便能考试及格。
→He studies hard every day
.
→He studies hard every day .
→ ， he studies hard every day.
so that we got good seats
in order that/so that he can pass the
exam
in order to/so as to pass the exam
In order to pass the exam
句型公式：every time引导时间状语从句
【教材原句】 Perhaps the meal you said was “delicious” will be
served every time you visit.
也许被你评价为“很好吃”的菜肴会在你每次到访时都出现在餐
桌上。
【用法】
句中every time you visit为名词词组every time引导的时间状语从句，
every time相当于whenever，表示“每次……”。
名词词组作连词用，引导时间状语从句的还有：
（1）由time构成的名词词组：each time， the first/last time， next
time， any time等；
（2）the＋瞬间名词： the minute/instant/moment等；
（3）the＋时间名词：the day/week/year/spring/summer/autumn/winter
等。
【品悟】 I think of the happy time we spent together every time I see
these photos.
＝I think of the happy time we spent together each time I see these
photos.
每次看到这些照片，我都会想起我们一起度过的美好时光。
【写美】 微写作/句型转换
①第一次和简见面，我们就谈了很多关于学习的事，就好像是老朋友
一样。
， we talked a lot about study as if we had
been old friends.
The first time I met Jane
②每次我有麻烦的时候，他都会来帮我一把。
， he would come to help me out.
③上次我去拜访他时，他碰巧外出了。
He happened to be out .
④I was so familiar with him that I recognised his voice as soon as I picked
up the phone.
→I was so familiar with him that I recognised his voice
I picked up the phone.
Every time I was in trouble
last time I called on him
the
moment/instant/minute
课时检测·提能力
培育学科素养
4
维度一：品句填词
1. （编） and knitting are traditional cottage industries.
2. She was unable to （为……辩护） her action of leaving
the important document in her car.
3. Would you like to help me take （分开） the machine？
4. When they heard the bad news that their only son died in the
earthquake， the couple burst into （眼泪）.
Weaving
justify
apart
tears
5. The location of the apartment is perfect. （而且），
the rent is quite reasonable.
6. Tom is （独立的） — he never asks his parents’
opinion unless he wants their support.
7. The salesgirl was rude to the customer，so the l complained to
the manager about it.
8. I was invited to lots of delicious meals. But， to be f ， the
fireworks going off throughout the night were really annoying.
Moreover
independent
atter
rank
维度二：词形转换
1. Faced with so many problems arising from lack of communication， I
didn’t know how to deal with them
（independent）.
2. After reading the letter， she （tear） it to pieces and threw
them into the fire.
3. （frank） speaking， I am not sure whether I will pass
the coming examination.
independently
tore
Frankly
4. He described it as an extraordinarily （tangle） and
complicated tale.
5. As the goods were damaged， she felt fully
（justify） in asking for her money back.
tangled
justified/justifiable
维度三：固定搭配和句式
1. （每次他到家时） at the end of the
day， we’d greet him at the door.
2. We’ll support you forever
（即使你不成功）.
3. It occurred to me that I should tell you the exact time of my arrival
（提前）.
4. （你英语说得越多），the better
your English will become.
Every time he arrived home
even if/even though you don’t
succeed
in
advance
The more you speak English
5. I have to study hard （以便） I can keep up with my
classmates.
6. They set up a wildlife reserve to
（保护动物免遭猎杀）.
so that
protect animals from being hunted
维度四：课文语法填空
We all know that honesty is an important value and that 1.
（lie） is wrong， but who can 2. （honest） say that
they’ve never told a lie？Perhaps we comfort ourselves with the
knowledge that most of the lies we tell are “white lies”： little lies that
we tell 3. （protect） others from the truth.There are some
reasons for telling white lies.One reason for telling a white lie is to make
others feel 4.
lying
honestly
to protect
（good）.When we lie and say someone’s haircut looks good，
we are in fact lying to protect ourselves from the 5.
（disappoint） and anger of others.Another reason for telling a white lie
is to give encouragement.Say for example that your friend asks you what
you think of his singing.You of course say that it’s wonderful，
6. secretly thinking that your cat can sing better.In fact，
perhaps what your friend needs are frank 7.
（comment）.Finally， we may also tell 8. white lie 9.
better
disappointment
despite
comments
a
we want to protect others from bad news.If you 10.
（have） a bad day， you may hide your tears and lie that your day was
“fine” so that your parents won’t worry about you.However，
wouldn’t it be better to respect their concern for you and ask for their
advice？One day， we may find even white lies have results we cannot
know in advance.
when
have had
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
I have quite a bit of experience with Toastmasters， an organization
aiming to help people overcome speech anxiety. I joined many years ago
with the hope of improving my public speaking. After one of my
speeches， the comments I received were harsh. Constructive or not， the
critique was hard to take. I felt my feelings were hurt.
I learned many things from my time with Toastmasters， and one was
the value of good feedback. Welcoming the critique of others is hard for
adults， even when it’s well-intentioned. So naturally， we can expect
that children will also struggle with it. But the feedback our children
receive from teachers and parents is important to their growth and
development. So as parents， we must learn how to deliver our feedback
effectively， and we’ll need to train our children on how to accept it with
openness and wisdom.
The way parents deliver their feedback is as important as the specific
words used. It’s possible to have good intentions， but when feedback is
poorly given， it can be harmful and not helpful.
It’s important to create a welcoming， safe environment in the
home for intaking and processing feedback. Especially between a child
and parent， the feedback needs to be healthy， constructive and regular.
The words used are also important. In a New York Times article
written by Dr Adam Grant， an organizational psychologist at the Wharton
School， he shares that it is “22 to 29 per cent more effective” to
encourage children with nouns than verbs， but when it comes to giving
negative feedback， it’s generally better to use verbs.
A parent’s feedback provides the scaffolding （脚手架） for how a
child will manage their inner monologue. Consider， as an example， a
discussion you may have with your child about their goals. Your feedback
can encourage them not just to focus on where they are now but to reflect
on how far they’ve come. This kind of feedback can spur them on to
reach the finish line.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了父母应该如何对孩
子进行有效的反馈。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了父母应该如何对孩
子进行有效的反馈。
1. Why does the author mention his experience with Toastmasters？
（ ）
A. To tell us what is good feedback.
B. To tell us to join Toastmasters.
C. To show the main function of feedback.
D. To show the necessity of proper feedback.
解析： 推理判断题。根据第二段第一句可以推断出，作者提到
他参加Toastmasters的经历是为了说明适当反馈的必要性。
2. Which of the following feedback is effective according to Dr Adam
Grant？（ ）
①You’re a big helper.
②You’re a poor math learner.
③You’ve been helpful this afternoon.
④You didn’t do well on this math test.
A. ①② B. ①④ C. ②③ D. ③④
解析： 推理判断题。根据第五段内容可知，①和④是有效
的反馈。
3. What does the underlined word “spur” in the last paragraph mean？
（ ）
A. Limit. B. Monitor.
C. Persuade. D. Inspire.
解析： 词义猜测题。根据画线词上句和画线词后的them on to
reach the finish line可知，画线词和上文的encourage意义一致。所
以，画线词和D项Inspire意义一致。
4. What is the best title for the passage？（ ）
A. The Way to Respond to Feedback
B. The Value of Accepting Feedback
C. How to Give Effective Feedback
D. How to Become a Better Speaker
解析： 标题归纳题。通读全文可知，文章主要介绍了父母应该
如何对孩子进行有效的反馈。
B
“Did you hear what happened to Adam last Friday？” Lindsey
whispers to Tori.
With her eyes shining，Tori brags，“You bet I did.Sean told me
two days ago.”
Who are Lindsey and Tori talking about？It just happened to be yours
truly，Adam Freedman.I can tell you that what they are saying is （a）
not nice and （b） not even true.Still，Lindsey and Tori aren’t very
different from most students here at Linton High School， including
me.Many of our conversations are gossip （闲话）.I have noticed three
effects of gossip：It can hurt people， it can give gossipers a strange kind
of satisfaction， and it can cause social pressures in a group.
An important negative effect of gossip is that it can hurt the person
being talked about.Usually，gossip spreads information about a topic —
breakups， trouble at home， even dropping out — that a person would
rather keep secret.The more embarrassing or shameful the secret is，the
juicier the gossip it makes.Probably the worst type of gossip is the
absolute lie.People often think of gossipers as harmless， but cruel lies
can cause pain.
If we know that gossip can be harmful， then why do so many of us
do it？The answer lies in another effect of gossip：the satisfaction it gives
us.Sharing the latest rumor （传言） can make a person feel important
because he or she knows something that others don’t.Similarly，hearing
the latest rumor can make a person feel like part of the “in group”.In
other words，gossip is satisfying because it gives people a sense of
belonging or even superiority （优越感）.
Gossip can also have a third effect： It strengthens unwritten，
unspoken rules about how people should act.Professor David Wilson
explains that gossip is important in policing behaviour in a
group.Translated into high school terms， this means that if everybody
you hang around with is laughing at what John wore or what Jane said，
then you can bet that wearing or saying something similar will get you the
same kind of negative attention.The dos and don’ts conveyed through
gossip will never show up in any student handbook.
The effects of gossip vary depending on the situation.The next time
you feel the urge to spread the latest news，think about why you want to
gossip and what effects your “juicy story” might have.
语篇解读：本文是一篇议论文。文章讨论了说闲话的影响，分析了
人们为什么喜欢传闲话。
语篇解读：本文是一篇议论文。文章讨论了说闲话的影响，分析了
人们为什么喜欢传闲话。
5. Why is a conversation given at the beginning of the passage？（ ）
A. To introduce a topic.
B. To present an argument.
C. To tell a story.
D. To clarify the writing purpose.
解析： 推理判断题。第一、二段描述了两个人说别人闲话的场
景。第三段叙述了说闲话这种事几乎人人都会做。下文接着叙述说
闲话的三个影响。由此推知，文章开头引用两人的交谈是为了引出
“说闲话”这个话题。
6. What important negative effect does gossip have？（ ）
A. Breaking up relationships.
B. Embarrassing the listeners.
C. Spreading information around.
D. Causing unpleasant experiences.
解析： 推理判断题。根据第四段的第一句可知，流言会伤害被
谈论的人。由此可推知，流言会给被谈论的人带来不愉快的经历。
7. Why do many people like to gossip？（ ）
A. It gives them a feeling of pleasure.
B. It helps them make more friends.
C. It makes them better at telling stories.
D. It enables them to meet important people.
解析： 细节理解题。根据第五段中的The answer lies in another
effect of gossip： the satisfaction it gives us.可知，散播流言能给人
带来满足感，即快乐的感觉。
8. Professor David Wilson thinks that gossip can .（ ）
A. provide students with written rules
B. make people watch their own behaviour
C. force school to improve student handbooks
D. attract the police’s attention to group behaviour
解析： 细节理解题。根据第六段中的Professor David Wilson
explains that gossip is important in policing behaviour in a group.可
知，流言在管理群体行为方面很重要。
C
So many things can keep you from seeing your loved ones in
person， from busy schedules to long distances. Fortunately， thanks to
modern technology， the people you miss are often only a phone call or a
text message away. According to science， if you want to feel more
connected to the people you’re talking to， you should call them instead
of texting.
In a study， researchers did various experiments. In one， they
asked 200 people to imagine what it would be like to reconnect with an old
friend by email or by phone， and they asked people to do one or the other
at random. Although people thought that a phone call would be more
mortifying， it actually made the experience better. “People reported
they did form a stronger bond with their old friends on the phone versus
email， and they did not feel uncomfortable，” co-author Amit Kumar
said.
In another experiment， researchers had strangers connect by
texting， talking over video chat， or talking using only audio （音频）.
They found that both forms of voice communication — whether video or
audio only — made the strangers feel more connected than when they
communicated via text.
Sabrina Romanoff， a psychologist， says people tend to text instead
of calling because of convenience， as they can organize information
exactly in the way they intend without unexpected additions by the other
person.
Romanoff says that in reality， texting can make it hard to determine
the true meaning behind a conversation. “A phone call is actually more
convenient considering the effects of the message，” she explains.
“Each part is more present， and therefore， it is able to figure out the
meaning behind the conversation quickly without thinking of the endless
possible meanings behind words.”
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。研究发现，如果想和交谈的人感觉
更亲近，应该给他们打电话而不是发短信。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。研究发现，如果想和交谈的人感觉
更亲近，应该给他们打电话而不是发短信。
9. What does the underlined word “mortifying” in Paragraph 2 mean？
（ ）
A. Puzzling. B. Exciting.
C. Embarrassing. D. Satisfying.
解析： 词义猜测题。根据Although可知，主从句之间为让步关
系，结合下文it actually made the experience better以及they did not
feel uncomfortable可知，尽管人们认为打电话会让人更难堪，但实
际上这让体验变得更好。所以画线词的意思是“令人尴尬的”。
10. What advantage does a phone call have over an email according to the
study？（ ）
A. It takes more patience.
B. It brings people closer.
C. It proves more relaxing.
D. It makes people more friendly.
解析： 细节理解题。根据第三段中的They found that both
forms ...they communicated via text.可知，根据这项研究，打电
话比发电子邮件有优势是因为它拉近了人们的距离。
11. Why do people consider texting convenient？（ ）
A. They can make themselves clear without being disturbed.
B. They would easily keep the messages for future use.
C. They can freely express their good or bad feelings.
D. They would avoid some unpleasant topics.
解析： 细节理解题。根据第四段中的as they can organize
information ...by the other person可知，人们认为发短信很方便是
因为他们可以在不被打扰的情况下把自己的意思表达清楚。
12. What can we infer from Romanoff’s words in the last paragraph？
（ ）
A. It is easy to express one’s meaning through texting.
B. It is necessary to guess the meaning behind words.
C. People can understand each other more easily by phone calls.
D. People should use simple words to express themselves in emails.
解析： 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的it is able to figure
out ...possible meanings behind words可知，人们可以通过电话更
容易地相互理解。
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
Talking to Teens About Friendships
Parents can’t choose their teenagers’ friends or control their
friendships.13.（ ） Here are some of the most important things
about friendships that parents should share with their teens.
Authentic （真实的） Connection
The best teen friendships allow teenagers to speak honestly and
openly about how they are feeling.14.（ ） This kind of authentic
connection will support them during adolescence （青春期） and beyond.
The Power of Listening
Friendships depend on listening as well as sharing.Strong teen
friendships depend on listening closely and responding with
encouragement and positive feedback.
Friendships Change
15. （ ） People change as they grow up， and then they may
grow apart.Parents can encourage teens to think about the qualities that are
important to them in a relationship.Friendships are more likely to last
when teens have similar values， and want the same things out of the
relationship.
Conflict （矛盾） Is Natural
It’s normal for teens to have fights and disagreements.16.（ ）
Teen friendships help adolescents learn how to deal with conflict and how
to recognize what they could do differently.Moreover， they learn how
important it is to say “I’m sorry.” and also how important it is to
pardon the other person.
In conclusion， teen friendships matter — a lot.17.（ ） By
sharing， parents can not only help their teens win true friends， but also
improve their parent-child relationships.
A. It can help friends stay calm.
B. Not all teen friendships last forever.
C. Parents should listen to what they say patiently.
D. They’re a huge part of growing into adulthood.
E. But that doesn’t mean the friendship has to end.
F. Moreover， they can do so without fear of being judged.
G. But they can talk to their teens about what friendship should feel like.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了父母应该告诉青少年关
于友情的一些事情。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了父母应该告诉青少年关
于友情的一些事情。
13. G 上文指出家长不能操控青少年的友情，下文介绍了父母应该
告诉青少年关于友情的一些事情。由此可知，设空处与上文内容形成
转折关系，且与家长和孩子就交友方面进行沟通有关，故G项符合语
境。G项中的they指代上文中的Parents， their teens呼应上文中的their
teenagers， friendship呼应上文中的friends和friendships。
14. F 本部分指出友情是一种真实的联系。F项与空前一句对这种真
实的联系作出了解释：让青少年开诚布公地说出自己的感受，且不用
担心被评价。F项中的they指代上文中的teenagers， do so指代上文中
的speak honestly and openly about how they are feeling。
15. B B项（并不是所有的青少年友情都能天长地久）呼应本部分小
标题Friendships Change，符合语境。B项中的teen， friendships， last
与下文中的teens， Friendships， last是原词复现关系。
16. E 本部分指出青少年之间有矛盾很正常，青少年的友情可以帮
助他们学会如何化解矛盾、谅解对方。由此可知，即使青少年之间有
了争执，也并不意味着友情会结束，故E项符合语境。E项中的that指
代上文中的have fights and disagreements。
17. D 本段是全文总结段，指出友情在青少年生活中很重要。根据
空前一句可知，设空处应该与青少年友情的重要性有关，D项（它们
是迈向成年的重要部分）符合语境。D项中的They指代上文中的teen
friendships。
Ⅲ.应用文写作
假定你校正在组织英语作文比赛。请以My Best Friend为题，写一
篇短文参赛，内容包括：
1. 简要介绍你最喜欢的朋友；
2. 说明你喜欢他/她的原因；
3. 朋友在我们生活中的重要性。
注意：1.写作词数应为 80 左右；
2. 请按如下格式作答。
My Best Friend
参考范文：
My Best Friend
It’s true that everyone has his or her best friend.My best friend is Li
Ping， who is a lively and easy-going girl in my class.Not only does she
do well in her academic subjects， but she is also ready to help others.
Undoubtedly， what brings us together are common interests and
hobbies.There are two things that we enjoy doing together： reading
literary works and listening to classical music.More importantly， we
share similar views on life and the world around us.
As emotional creatures， we human beings need family affection as
well as friendship.Without friends， our lives would be like a wild desert.(共21张PPT)
单元素养提升
◇本单元语法学了什么内容？ ◇自我评价
◇本单元写作练了哪个方面？ 回顾单元知识·提高语言能力
一、核心单词
1. n. 蒸汽，水蒸气
2. v. 使（船）沉没
3. n. 责任，过错
4. n. 计谋，策略；行动计划
5. n. 信号；暗号
6. n. 职责，义务；责任
7. n. 意外事件，偶然因素
8. v. 原谅，宽恕
steam
sink
fault
strategy
signal
duty
accident
forgive
9. n. 拳击（运动）
10. v. 证明（别人认为不合理的事）有道理；
为……辩护
11. n. 眼泪，泪水
12. adv. 此外，而且
13. adv. 分离，分开
14. n. 栅栏，围栏，篱笆
boxing
justify
tear
moreover
apart
fence
Ⅰ.选用上面单词并用其适当形式填空
1. Hearing the news， she closed her eyes tightly in an attempt to hold
back the .
2. Before the ship ， some of the passengers were able to leave
in time for the lifeboats.
3. The two girls are so alike that strangers find it difficult to tell
them .
4. When he apologised to his teacher for being late， the
teacher him immediately.
tears
sank
apart
forgave
5. According to the report presented by the police， the cause of the
car was given as an engine failure.
6. In school life， sometimes it’s not our when
misunderstandings occur among classmates.
7. While waiting for the opportunity to get promoted， Henry did his best
to perform his .
accident
fault
duty
二、拓展单词
1. adj.说话随便（轻率）的→loosely adv.宽松地；松散地
2. v.解决（问题、困难）→solve v.解决，处理
3. n.呼出的气→breathe v.呼吸
4. n.忧虑，担心→concerned adj.担心的→concerning
prep.关于
5. adj.恼怒的，烦恼的→annoy vt.使恼怒；使生气
→annoying adj.令人恼怒的
6. v.适应，（使）习惯→adjustment n.调整，调节
7. v.确保，保证→sure adj.确定的
loose
resolve
breath
concern
annoyed
adjust
ensure
8. n.复杂性，错综复杂→complex adj.复杂的
9. v.批评，指责→criticism n.批评，指责
10. n.尴尬，难为情→embarrass vt.使尴尬
→embarrassed adj.尴尬的
11. adj.坦率的，坦诚的，直言不讳的→frankly adv.坦率
地，坦诚地
12. adj.独立的→independence n.独立
complexity
criticise
embarrassment
frank
independent
Ⅱ.用所给单词的适当形式填空
1. Tom （frank） admitted his mistakes for being mean to his
best friend.
2. In times of crisis， it is crucial for emergency services to respond
promptly and efficiently to （sure） the safety of the
community.
3. ①Teenagers should try to be （depend） of their
parents， doing something on their own.
②The country has made great advances since
（independent）.
frankly
ensure
independent
independence
4. ①Team leaders must ensure that all members get over their natural
desire to avoid the （embarrass） associated with
making mistakes.
②It was the chief editor’s mean remarks that brought us into
an （embarrass） silence.
5. ①Your teacher seems to be （annoy）.Going to his
office now is to ask for trouble.
②It’s （annoy） that we didn’t know about this
before.
embarrassment
embarrassed
annoyed
annoying
三、重点短语
1. 帮一把
2. 使失望，辜负
3. 发泄怒火，宣泄情绪
4. 生……的气；对……发脾气
5. 一定要
6. 向……道歉
7. 与……交流
8. 做好分内事，尽责
9. 善意的谎言
help out
let down
let off steam
be angry with
be sure to
apologise to
communicate with
pull one’s weight
white lies
10. 撒谎
11. 保护……免受……的伤害
12. 说实话
13. 多大程度上
14. 即使
15. 瞒着某人某事
16. 吸一口气
tell a lie
protect ...from ...
tell the truth
to what extent
even if/though
hide sth from sb
take a breath
Ⅲ.选用上面短语并用其适当形式填空
1. Despite their hard work， the team felt by the lack of
recognition from the school for their achievements.
2. It took nearly a day before he realised his mistakes and
his friend Peter.
3. When the disease broke out， he headed back from abroad immediately
to .
4. They need to each other more than ever before
so they can understand one another at a time of rapid global change.
let down
apologised
to
help out
communicate with
5. In life， we sometimes tell to avoid hurting others’
feelings.
6. He wouldn’t leave the TV set， he was going to
have an important exam the next day.
7. When men ， they tend to shout； women， on the
other hand， express their feelings by weeping.
white lies
even if/though
let off steam
四、经典句式
1. 形容词短语作原因状语
（既尴尬又羞愧）， I can’t
concentrate on anything.
2. whatever引导宾语从句
Filled with anger， you tend to say
（你想到什么）.
Embarrassed and ashamed
whatever comes to your mind
3. so that引导目的状语从句
Stop for a moment and consider that perhaps your friend wants some
frank comments from you （从而他们能
改进）.
4. every time引导时间状语从句
Perhaps the meal you said was “delicious” will be served
（在你每次到访时）.
so that they can improve
every
time you visit
Ⅳ.补全句子
1. ， she can’t walk any further distance.
又累又渴，她再也走不动了。
2. Ray is a new graduate， and it seems that he has difficulty in dealing
with .
Ray刚刚大学毕业，他似乎难以处理出现的任何问题。
3. You must speak louder .
你必须再说大声点，以便大家都能听见你。
Tired and thirsty
whatever problems arise
so that everyone can hear you
4. ， she was checking our
homework carefully.
每次我在办公室看到马老师，她都在仔细检查我们的作业。
Every time I saw Miss Ma in the office
整合话题元素·增强思维品质
1. A good neighbor is better than a brother far off.
远亲不如近邻。
2. As you salute， you will be saluted.
敬人者，人敬之。
3. As distance tests a horse’s strength， so time reveals a person’s
heart.
路遥知马力，日久见人心。
4. It’s important for us to communicate with each other and share our
happiness and sorrow.
对我们来说，互相交流、分享快乐和悲伤很重要。
5. You can judge a person by the company he keeps.
近朱者赤，近墨者黑。
6. An ounce of praise is worth a pound of scolding.
良言一句三冬暖，恶语伤人六月寒。
7. Govern your thoughts when alone， and your tongue when in
company.
一人独处慎于思，与人相处慎于言。
8. Depend on your parents at home， and rely on your friends outside.
在家靠父母，出门靠朋友。(共8张PPT)
UNIT 1
Knowing me， knowing you
在人生不同的年龄段，我们会结交
不同的朋友，而在学生时代结交的朋友对我们来说更是弥足珍贵。本
文作者分享了她在高中时期的交友经历与感悟。一起来看看吧！
Senior high is a small part in your whole life but it has a huge impact
on who you will become and where you will go.As time goes on， the
number of friends you connect with after senior high slowly diminishes
（减少）.People begin different pathways and go in different
directions.Social media can be a key to maintaining friendly contacts after
senior high.However， social media cannot replace good face-to-face
relationships.Let’s learn what really matters in true friendship from
me.Helen， Class of 2016 graduate and now a senior high teacher.
I am currently in contact with two senior high friends.I think the
friendship experiences I had in senior high have shaped who I am today
because I learned to be open-minded and befriend all kinds of people.I
learned to see people for who they are， not what they wear or who they
hang out with.Most of all， I learned how to be a good friend.
Throughout my senior high life， one individual has shaped who I am
today.I met Lily in the second semester of Grade 2.She came into my life
after my chemistry teacher switched us to the same lab table.We became
friends almost immediately and connected on a deeper level.
Before I met Lily， I was dealing with one of the lowest points of my
life.And every day was a struggle for me when I got out of bed.However， she was there for me when my relationship with my family became difficult and my “friends” began spreading rumors about me.
Lily gave me the care and guidance to show me the way to be
happy.She saw me develop into a whole new person.Without her， I am
not sure where I would be today.I would not have got the joy she brought
to my school life in Grades 2 and 3.
【理解】
1. According to the first paragraph， what does the author think of social
media？
2. According to the text， what can we know about the author？
It is less important than face-to-face relationships.
She used to have difficulty facing each new day.
【积累】
1. have a huge impact on 对……有很大影响
2. replace vt. 代替
3. matter v. 要紧，有重大关系
4. shape vt. 塑造，使成形
5. hang out 闲逛
6. guidance n. 指导(共53张PPT)
Section Ⅳ Writing an essay
目 录
2
演练佳作·写美文
1
细品课文·学手法
3
教材词汇·练续写
4
课时检测·提能力
细品课文·学手法
培养思维品质
1
Step 1 品教材范文
The Porcupine Dilemma is written by German philosopher
Schopenhauer.The fable describes a group of porcupines gathering
together to keep warm.If they get too close， their quills hurt each other，
while if they move apart they feel cold.After trying several times， they
find the ideal distance.The fable teaches us that there should be boundaries
in interpersonal relationships.
Though it is an old fable， it casts a light on us even today.We all
value friendship， but have you considered that we need boundaries with
our friends？
One example from real life is like this.Once I thought friends should
get close to each other， the closer the better.Ma Jing is the first friend I
made at senior high.At first， I thought since we were friends， she had
to share the same ideas as mine.So I always followed her， wanted to
know her opinion on everything and tried to persuade her when she had a
different idea.Soon， we started quarrelling.“You’re so annoying！”
she shouted angrily after a quarrel.How could I become annoying？
I felt hurt and discussed it with another friend.Then I realised it was my
problem.I had been getting too close to her and leaving her no room for
herself.Since then， I stopped following her so much and I found our
friendship repaired.Now I have realised that friends need to have
boundaries and respect each other， no matter how close we are.
In conclusion， in order to make our friendship last long， we have
to find the proper distance between us and our friends， close enough to
understand each other， far enough to respect each other.
Step 2 析写作手法
学语言：
1. 使用连词while（然而）引出“如果分开，它们会感觉很冷”，与
上文形成对比，使表达更加形象。
2. 使用宾语从句总结出这则寓言的寓意，表达非常简洁、明了。
3. 使用从属连词Though引导的让步状语从句，引出自己的观点，使
下文的举例更加自然。
4. 使用At first， Soon， Then， Since then， Now等过渡性词语，使
故事的叙述更有逻辑。
5. no matter how ...让步状语从句的使用，强调了不管我们多么亲
密，朋友之间都应该有界限，应该互相尊重。
6. 文章末段用介词短语In conclusion对本文进行了总结，使文章结构
紧凑合理。
学结构：
Introduction： original author and summary of the fable → Main
body：viewpoint and supporting examples in real life → Conclusion
Step 3 背出彩佳句
精彩开头
1. This fable describes a story between a wolf and a goat.
这则寓言讲述了一匹狼和一只山羊的故事。
2. The story about Mr Ye and the dragon goes like this.
叶公与龙之间的故事是这样的。
3. We all know the story about the farmer and the snake.
我们都知道农夫与蛇的故事。
丰满主体
1. We have all surely had the experience of being cheated by people
around us.
我们肯定都有过被我们身边的人欺骗的经历。
2. One of the main reasons for doing so is that we trust others so easily.
这样做的其中一个主要原因就是我们太容易相信别人。
3. No one can prove to us to what extent we can believe it.
没人可以给我们证明我们可以在多大程度上相信它。
余味结尾
1. In conclusion， I’d like to point out that we should never show mercy
on people who are as evil as the snake.
总之，我想指出我们决不要可怜像蛇一样恶毒的人。
2. After reading it， I find every second in life is very precious.
读完后，我发现生命中的每一秒都是宝贵的。
3. We should spare no effort to study and overcome the difficulties before
us.
我们应该不遗余力地学习，并克服我们面前的困难。
演练佳作·写美文
奠定写作功底
2
读下面经典寓言故事《农夫与蛇》（The Farmer and the
Snake），请你写一篇文章，内容包括：
1. 你对这则寓言的理解；
2. 举例说明；
3. 总结并思考。
Once upon a time， on a cold winter day， the farmer who had gone
home from the market found a snake on the roadside.He thought it was
frozen and stiff （僵硬的）， so he put it in his arms and let it wake
up.The snake was frightened， and when it fully recovered， it
instinctively bit the farmer and finally killed the farmer.Before he died，
the farmer regretted very much and said sadly， “I want to do good， but
because of my shallow knowledge， I hurt my life， so I got this kind of
reward.”
注意：1.写作词数应为80左右；
2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
一、审题谋篇，结构分明
明确体裁 论说文——寓言读后感
确定时态 和人称 表达观点应用一般现在时，介绍自己的经历应以一
般过去时为主；
人称以第一人称为主
布局文章架构 第一段：开门见山，简要介绍寓言故事；
第二段：写出论点，并举出正面或者反面的例证；
第三段：得出结论并总结评论主题的相关意义
二、要点陈述，语言规范
1. 《农夫与蛇》给我留下了深刻的印象。
2. 一个农夫救了一条冻僵的蛇。
3. 蛇最终把他杀死了。
4. 我们许多人都有过被我们曾经帮一把的人伤害的经历。
I am deeply impressed with/by The Farmer and the Snake.
A farmer saved a frozen snake.
The snake killed him at last.
Many of us have had the experience of being hurt by the people we ever
helped out.
5. 有些老年人不感谢这些帮助他们的人。
6. 他们欺骗帮助他们的人，并伤害他们以此获利。
7. 这让公众很生气。
8. 但另一方面，一些处在困境中的人因缺少及时帮助而死去。
Some old people were not grateful to the people who helped them.
They deceived the people who helped them， hurt them and got a lot of
money.
It made the public very annoyed.
But on the other hand， some people in trouble died for lack of timely
help.
9. 坦率地说，伸出我们的援助之手是重要的。
10. 但记住去帮助真正需要帮助的人。
Frankly speaking，it is very important to extend our helping hands.
But remember to help the people who are really in need.
三、句间衔接，过渡自然
1. 用非限制性定语从句把要点2和3合成一个句子。
2. 用instead of 和定语从句合并要点5、6和7。
A farmer saved a frozen snake， which killed him at last.
Instead of being grateful to the people who helped them， some old
people deceived them， hurt them and got a lot of money， which
made the public very annoyed.
四、检查誊写，卷面整洁
I am deeply impressed with/by The Farmer and the Snake.The
fable goes like this：A farmer saved a frozen snake， which killed him at
last.
Many of us have had the experience of being hurt by the people we
ever helped out.Instead of being grateful to the people who helped them，
some old people deceived them， hurt them and got a lot of money，
which made the public very annoyed.But on the other hand， some people
in trouble died for lack of timely help.
Frankly speaking， it is very important to extend our helping
hands.But remember to help the people who are really in need.
教材词汇·练续写
体现学以致用
3
情感描写 agony n.痛楚，苦难
concern n.忧虑，担心
annoyed adj.恼怒的，烦恼的
embarrassment n.尴尬，难为情
tear n.眼泪，泪水
动作描写 help out 帮一把
take a breath 吸一口气
ensure v.确保，保证
forgive v.原谅，宽恕
criticise v.批评，指责
deceive v.欺骗
justify v.证明（别人认为不合理的事）有道理；为……辩护
sink v.使（船）沉没；（心情）变得沉重；（情绪）变低落
let down 使失望，辜负
let off steam 发泄怒火，宣泄情绪
人物性格描写 frank adj.坦率的，坦诚的，直言不讳的
independent adj.独立的
一、翻译句子
1. Tom快速走出商店，既开心又担心。
2. 他担心会让妈妈失望，担心妈妈会生气。
3. 思虑再三，他决定把书归还商店。
Tom walked out of the store quickly，happy and concerned.
He was concerned that he would let his mother down and his mother
would be annoyed.
Thinking twice， he resolved to return the book to the store.
4. 他深吸一口气，走进商店，尴尬地拿出书：“请原谅我没有付钱拿
走了这本书。”
5. 令他震惊的是，店主没有批评他，而是承诺把书送给他，条件是他
在店里打两天工。
He took a deep breath， walked into the store and took out the book in
embarrassment，“Please forgive me for taking the book without
paying the money.”
To his shock，the owner didn’t criticise him but promised to give the
book to him on condition that he would work in his store for two days.
6. 回到家，Tom把一切告诉了妈妈。妈妈抱住Tom，流下了愉快
的眼泪。
Arriving home，Tom told everything to his mother.The mother put her
arms around Tom，tears of joy rolling down.
二、连句成篇
Tom walked out of the store quickly， happy and concerned.He
was concerned that he would let his mother down and his mother would be
annoyed.Thinking twice， he resolved to return the book to the store.He
took a deep breath，walked into the store and took out the book in
embarrassment，“Please forgive me for taking the book without paying
the money.” To his shock， the owner didn’t criticise him but
promised to give the book to him on condition that he would work in his
store for two days.Arriving home，Tom told everything to his
mother.The mother put her arms around Tom， tears of joy rolling
down.
课时检测·提能力
培育学科素养
4
Ⅰ.完形填空
I had this girl in my class and I always considered her to be really
foolish.She’d ask a ton of questions in class， which I would 1 to
be “stupid” and “silly” and sometimes her question caused a storm
of 2 but she’d never stop asking.
However， the fact was that she’d almost always top the class
examinations and everyone was confused.Some students said she
was 3 because she wasn’t so 4 in class.Although nobody could
prove that she was actually cheating， they totally 5 that she did.
I was pretty socially awkward so I never really talked to her.She was
leaving school this year and I was truly 6 about how she was so good
during exams and how she didn’t let others’ remarks affect her.So
I 7 decided to find out what was up.She told me that her friend was
severely socially anxious and she’d fallen behind in studies because she
couldn’t dare to ask doubts in class or ask for 8 from others.So they
had this system where during lectures her friend would 9 any
questions she had， and then the girl would 10 them for her.With her
help， her friend made 11 ， though this girl suffered prejudice for
being stupid when she was actually really smart.
It was such a（n） 12 story that it really changed the way
I 13 people.I wouldn’t be quick to jump to conclusions.It also
taught me a 14 ： Standing beside our friends when they 15 us
isn’t always an easy choice.But when you care about them， it’s the
only choice.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了班级里的一名学生总是
在课堂上问愚蠢的问题，最后作者明白实际上她在课堂上问的问题
都是为了帮助一位因严重社交焦虑而不敢在课堂上提问的朋友。
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了班级里的一名学生总是
在课堂上问愚蠢的问题，最后作者明白实际上她在课堂上问的问题
都是为了帮助一位因严重社交焦虑而不敢在课堂上提问的朋友。
1. A. agree B. consider
C. remember D. doubt
解析： 根据上文I always considered her to be really foolish可知，
作者经常认为她很愚蠢。consider为原词复现。
2. A. noise B. sigh C. cry D. laughter
解析： 根据上文可知，那个女孩总是问很多愚蠢且荒唐的问
题，故而会引起一阵哄堂大笑。
3. A. cheating B. pretending
C. playing D. studying
解析： 根据下文Although nobody could prove that she was
actually cheating可知，没有人可以证实她的确是在作弊。由此可推
知，此处表示有同学说她是在作弊。cheating为原词复现。
4. A. active B. intelligent
C. hard-working D. easy-going
解析： 根据上文可知，那个女孩在课堂上问的都是一些愚蠢的
问题。由此可推知，她在课堂上看起来应该不是很聪明。
5. A. heard B. expected
C. believed D. agreed
解析： 根据语境可知，此处表示尽管没人可以证明她在考试中
作弊，但是每个人都完全相信她作弊。
6. A. curious B. worried
C. crazy D. excited
解析： 这名学生经常在课堂上问一些愚蠢的问题，但每次考试
都在班里名列前茅，作者对此感到好奇。
7. A. extremely B. finally
C. naturally D. obviously
解析： 作者对女孩为何总问愚蠢问题却能考得很好充满好奇，
最终决定找到原因。
8. A. leave B. advice
C. help D. permission
解析： 根据上文her friend was severely socially anxious可知，女
孩的朋友在课堂上不敢提问，也不敢向他人寻求帮助。
9. A. give up B. debate about
C. turn down D. write down
解析： 女孩的朋友社交焦虑程度很严重，不敢在课堂上提问，
由此可推知，她会把课堂上遇到的问题写下来，然后这个女孩再帮
她去问。
10. A. explain B. repeat C. ask D. solve
解析： 根据下文With her help可知，此处指女孩替她的朋友问
问题。上文多次出现的ask为原词复现。
11. A. mistakes B. sense
C. progress D. friends
解析： 根据语境可知，此处表示在女孩的帮助下，她的朋友
在学业上取得了进步。
12. A. annoying B. interesting
C. surprising D. touching
解析： 女孩帮助她有严重社交焦虑的朋友在课堂上提问，并
帮她取得了进步，而这个女孩却因为问愚蠢的问题而遭受偏见。
由此可推知，这是一个令人感动的故事。
13. A. judged B. described
C. taught D. introduced
解析： 作者刚开始认为那个女孩很傻，下文解释了女孩经常
问一些愚蠢问题的原因，作者深受感动。由此可推知，作者经过
这件事后改变了自己对他人的评判方式。
14. A. way B. lesson C. strategy D. result
解析： 根据下文可以推知，作者从这件事中也得到了一个经
验教训。teach sb a lesson为固定搭配，表示“给某人一个经验教
训”。
15. A. change B. need
C. refuse D. encourage
解析： 根据语境可知，作者从这个经历中感悟出来的道理
是：当朋友需要我们的时候，在他们身边给予支持并不总是一件
容易的事情。
Ⅱ.语法填空
Zwick could not hide her emotions when a kind-hearted stranger gave
up his first-class plane seat for her and her sick daughter.Though she did
not get to thank him properly on the plane， she 16.
（final） got her chance on social media after her Facebook post spread
quickly online.Zwick was flying from Orlando to Philadelphia with her
11-month-old daughter Lucy 17. （early） this
week.Since the baby suffered from lung disease， the two of them were
travelling to a children’s hospital in Philadelphia for 18. （treat）.
She was pushing a stroller （婴儿车）， had 19. big
bag on her arm and carried an oxygen machine for her daughter.As they
20. （settle） into their seats， however， Zwick was
surprised to be approached by a flight attendant， 21. said
that a man in first class wanted to switch seats with her.
“Not able to hold back 22. （tear）， I cried on the
seat while my daughter Lucy laughed，” wrote Zwick.“I smiled and
thanked you as we switched but didn’t get to thank you properly.Thank
you for 23. （care） about us and realizing that maybe
things are not always easy， for deciding you wanted 24.
（show） a random act of kindness to us.25. reminded me
how much good there is in this world.”
语篇解读： 本文是一篇记叙文。在去往费城的飞机上，一位好心人
给Zwick和她生病的女儿让出头等舱，这让Zwick感到这个世界非常
美好。
16. finally 考查词形转换。分析句子结构可知，这里修饰动词got，
应用副词。故填finally。
17. earlier 考查形容词的比较级。根据句意可知，此处表示“本周
早些时候”，应用比较级形式。故填earlier。
18. treatment 考查词形转换。介词for后应用名词。故填treatment。
语篇解读： 本文是一篇记叙文。在去往费城的飞机上，一位好心人
给Zwick和她生病的女儿让出头等舱，这让Zwick感到这个世界非常
美好。
19. a 考查冠词。分析句子结构可知，此处填冠词，泛指一个，且
big的发音以辅音音素开头。故填a。
20. settled 考查动词的时态。分析句子结构可知，此处在从句中作
谓语。根据主句中的谓语动词was surprised可知，此处用一般过去
时。故填settled。
21. who 考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，此处引导非限制性定
语从句，且在从句中作主语，又因为先行词是a flight attendant。故填
who。
22. tears 考查名词的单复数。hold back tears“忍住泪水”。故填
tears。
23. caring 考查非谓语动词。介词for后应用动词-ing形式。故填
caring。
24. to show 考查非谓语动词。want to do sth想要做某事。故填to
show。
25. It 考查代词。此处指代上文中的a random act of kindness，此空
位于句首，注意首字母大写。故填It。
Ⅲ.读后续写
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构
成一篇完整的短文。
One sunny morning， the sun began to rise， casting a warm golden
glow over the park. Two young men named Tom and Jerry， who were
lost in their own books， found themselves sitting on the opposite ends of
a bench. The air was filled with the sweet scent of blooming flowers and
the distant sound of children playing. Their eyes met for a brief moment
before they both bent down to pick up their pens. It seemed as if they had
known before. They quickly became friends and then began to spend
many happy times together. They played basketball， watched movies，
and spent many unforgettable days together. However， as time went
on， their lives changed， and their friendship was put to the test.
A few years later， Tom became a successful lawyer， while Jerry
chose a different path and became an artist. Despite different kinds of
changes in their lifestyles， they still kept in touch and would gather
together every once in a while to recall the good old days.
One day， Tom received a letter from Jerry. The letter said， “Dear
Tom， I hope you can come and visit my art exhibition. I know you may
not be interested in art， but I think you will like these works. They are all
paintings I made during the days we spent together. I hope you can feel
the friendship between us.”
After reading the letter， Tom immediately decided to attend Jerry’s
art exhibition. He bought a bunch of flowers as a gift and arrived at the
exhibition site. When he walked into the exhibition hall， he was shocked
by what he saw. The walls were filled with Jerry’s works， each
painting full of life and emotion. He saw scenes of them playing
basketball in the park， watching movies together， and walking in the
rain. These paintings made him feel the deep friendship between them.
注意：1.续写词数应为150左右；
2. 请按如下格式作答。
At the exhibition， Tom met many old friends.
With the bunch of flowers， Tom still kept looking for
Jerry.
参考范文：
At the exhibition， Tom met many old friends. They all came to
support Jerry， and they were all impressed by Jerry’s works. Tom felt
happy and proud to see how much Jerry had accomplished. They spent the
whole day at the exhibition， talking and laughing， recalling the good
old days they had spent together. Some of Jerry’s paintings reminded
Tom of specific memories， and he shared those stories with their
friends， making everyone laugh.
With the bunch of flowers， Tom still kept looking for Jerry. He
finally found Jerry in a corner， busy signing autographs for his fans.
Jerry looked up and saw Tom.His eyes widened with surprise and delight.
Tom walked up to Jerry and handed him the flowers， saying，
“Congratulations， Jerry. Your works are amazing.” Jerry thanked him
and hugged him tightly. They stood there for a moment， enjoying the
warmth of their friendship. Before leaving， Tom promised Jerry that he
would always be there for him， no matter what.Jerry smiled and thanked
him once again， knowing that their friendship would always be a source
of strength and inspiration for both of them.(共114张PPT)
Section Ⅰ
Starting out & Understanding ideas
1
篇章助解·释疑难
目 录
2
文本透析·剖语篇
4
课时检测·提能力
3
核心知识·巧突破
篇章助解·释疑难
力推课前预习
1
Absolute agony！
Our Agony Aunt answers your questions.
Dear Agony Aunt，
I’m in a total mess① here — [1]hope you can help me out②！
[1]本句是祈使句。
I’m 17， and a member of our school basketball team.I’m crazy
about③basketball， and pretty good at④it too， [2]which is probably why
I was so mad when we lost our last match.We played well， but I felt the
team were let down⑤ by one member， our point guard.The point guard is
a key player， but it was like⑥ he wasn’t even on the court⑦！
[3]Disappointed by his behaviour， I said all this to my best friend.I was
just letting off steam⑧ really， [4]because I was so angry， but then my
friend went and told everyone else [5]what I’d said.
[2]which 引导非限制性定语从句，补充说明前面的句子；该从句
中why引导表语从句，when引导时间状语从句。
[3]过去分词短语作原因状语。
[4]because 引导原因状语从句。
[5]what引导宾语从句，并在从句中作said的宾语。
【读文清障】
①in a mess 一团糟
②help sb out 帮某人一把
③be crazy about 为……疯狂，对……着迷
④be good at 擅长
⑤let down 使失望，辜负
⑥like prep.像……
⑦on the court 在球场上
⑧steam n.蒸汽，水蒸气
let off steam 发泄怒火，宣泄情绪
This is so totally awkward.I’m really angry with⑨ my friend —
what should I say to him？And should I say anything at all to my
teammate？
Embarrassed and ashamed， I can’t concentrate on⑩ anything.Please help！
Ben
Dear Ben，
There is an old American saying ，“Loose lips sink ships .”
This means [6]that if you speak too much about something， especially to
people who you don’t know so well， it’ll cause all kinds of trouble.
[6]that引导宾语从句。从句也是主从复合句，其中if引导条件状
语从句；who引导定语从句，修饰先行词people；it’ll cause all kinds
of trouble 是主句。
⑨be angry with sb 对某人生气；对某人发火
⑩concentrate on 集中注意力于
saying n.谚语
loose lips sink ships祸从口出
The situation here is so much worse because the “loose lips” were
your best friend’s.[7]Treated this way， you’re sure to feel hurt —
we should always be able to trust those [8]closest to us， and it hurts
even more when we find we can’t.
But I have to say [9]that it’s partly your fault ， isn’t it？ You
admit that you were “letting off steam”.It is understandable in that
situation， but we should always think before we speak.
[7]过去分词短语作原因状语。
[8]形容词短语作后置定语，修饰those。
[9]that 引导宾语从句；isn’t it 为反意疑问句。
hurt adj.受伤的；受伤害的
be sure to feel hurt 一定会感到很受伤
be sure to 一定会
be able to 能够
fault n.责任，过错
admit v.承认
admit doing sth 承认做过某事
understandable adj.可以理解的
[10]Here’s what you need to do.First， apologise to your
teammate.If you ever want to win any more basketball games （and I’m
sure you do！）， you need to work together ， and that means
communicating with each other clearly and resolving conflicts.So have a
chat with your teammate.[11]Tell him directly and honestly that you
were talking without thinking.
[10]完全倒装句。what引导的从句是句子的主语。
[11]祈使句。that引导宾语从句，作前面Tell的直接宾语。
apologise to sb 向某人道歉
work together一起工作，一起共事
resolve v.解决（问题、困难）
have a chat with sb和某人聊天
directly adv.直接地
honestly adv.诚实地，诚恳地
Then， talk to your friend.Friendship should be one of the greatest
things in the world， but sometimes it can be difficult.Again， your
strategy is clear communication.Tell your friend you’re angry with him
for repeating [12]what you said and [13]making the situation worse， but
[14]that you want to move on .[15]Approached in this way， your
friendship will soon be repaired.
[12]what引导宾语从句，并在从句中作said的宾语。
[13]此处为“make＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构。worse是bad的比
较级，此处作宾语补足语。
[14]that 引导宾语从句。
[15]过去分词短语作条件状语。
strategy n.计谋，策略；行动计划
move on 开始做别的事；换话题
approach v.着手处理；接近，靠近
Thirdly， and perhaps most importantly ，think about your own
behaviour.Don’t say too much when you’re angry！[16]Filled with
anger， you tend to say [17]whatever comes to your mind.This gives
people the wrong signal .Take a deep breath ， calm down ， and
always remember： think first， speak later.If you feel one of your
teammates isn’t pulling their weight ， then raise your concerns in a
professional way with your team coach.
If you think about other people’s feelings as well as your own，
you’ll soon find everything works out .
[16]Filled with anger是过去分词短语作状语，be filled with意为
“充满着”，作定语或状语时通常省略be。
[17]whatever引导宾语从句，此处不可以改成no matter what。
Good luck！
Agony Aunt
most importantly 最重要的是
tend to倾向于
signal n.信号；暗号
breath n.一口气
take a deep breath深吸一口气
calm down 冷静下来
pull one’s weight 做好分内事，尽责
concern n.忧虑，担心 v.涉及；使关心，使担忧
in a professional way用专业的方式
think about 考虑，想到
as well as 如同，和……一样
work out 进展顺利，如期发生
【参考译文】
深陷痛苦！知心阿姨为你答疑解惑
尊敬的知心阿姨：
我这儿一团糟，希望您能帮我一把！
我今年17岁，是学校篮球队的一员。我酷爱打篮球，打得也很
好，也许正因如此，在我们队输掉了最近的比赛时我相当恼怒。我们
打得不错，但我感觉整个团队都被一个队友拖累了，那就是我们的控
球后卫。控球后卫是队里的关键球员，但他却好像不在场上似的！我
对他的所作所为感到失望，就把这些全部告诉了我最好的朋友。我其
实只是想发泄一下怒气，因为我太生气了，可我的朋友随后却把我的
话告诉了所有人。
这太让人难堪了。我对朋友气恼不已，我应该对他说些什么？另
外，我是否应该对我的队友说点什么？
我既尴尬又羞愧，做什么事都无法集中精力。请您帮帮我吧！
本
亲爱的本：
美国有一句老话：“祸从口出。”意思是说如果你对某件事谈论
得过多，尤其是跟你不太了解的人谈论，会招来各种各样的麻烦。
你的情况更为糟糕，因为“口风不紧”的人是你最好的朋友。被
这样对待，你一定觉得受到了伤害——我们应该一直能够信赖最亲近
的人，当我们发现他们不能信赖时，就更伤心了。
不过我不得不说你也有一部分责任，不是吗？你承认了你“只是
想发泄一下怒气”。这在当时的情况下可以理解，但我们在说话前应
该先想清楚。
现在你应该这么做。第一步，向你的队友道歉。如果你们以后篮
球比赛还想赢球（我肯定你们一定想赢！），你们就必须团结合作，
这就意味着你们彼此之间必须沟通清楚，解决矛盾。所以，找你那位
队友聊聊吧，直接诚恳地告诉他你当时的话没有经过认真考虑。
第二步，和你的朋友聊聊吧。友谊应该是世上最好的事物之
一了，但有时也会有些麻烦。同样，你的策略是进行清楚明确的
沟通。告诉你的朋友，他传话的行为让情况更糟糕了，你对此很
生气，但你想让事情就此过去。通过这个方式处理，你们的友谊
很快就会被修复。
第三步，也许是最重要的一点，你要反思自己的行为。生气的时
候不要说太多话！满腔怒火的时候，你往往想到什么就说什么。这会
给别人错误的信号。深呼吸，冷静下来，并时刻记住：先思而后言。
如果你觉得某个队友没有尽职尽责，那你要以更专业的方式向教练提
出你的担心。
如果你能在考虑自己感受的同时也考虑别人的感受，很快你就会
发现情况将逐渐好转。
祝你好运！
知心阿姨
文本透析·剖语篇
助力语篇理解
2
第一步：析架构理清脉络
第二步：知细节明察秋毫
1. Why did Ben’s team lose the match？（ ）
A. The members played badly.
B. Ben is very fond of playing basketball.
C. The point guard wasn’t on the court.
D. The point guard didn’t perform well.
2. How did Ben let off steam when he was very angry？（ ）
A. He told his best friend the bad performance of the point guard.
B. He told everyone else his team lost the last match.
C. He couldn’t concentrate on anything.
D. He apologised to his teammate and had a chat with him.
3. What does “that” in the third sentence of Paragraph 4 in the second
letter refer to？（ ）
A. Winning any basketball game.
B. Apologising to your teammate.
C. Working together.
D. Winning more basketball games.
4. What does Agony Aunt think of Ben’s behaviour？（ ）
A. Favorable.
B. Opposed.
C. Understandable.
D. Admirable.
5. What is the most important to Ben according to Agony Aunt？
（ ）
A. Thinking about his own behaviour.
B. Making a clear communication.
C. Saying his mind clearly in anger.
D. Giving other people a correct signal.
6. What is the main purpose of the second letter？ （ ）
A. To introduce how to repair friendship.
B. To propose the column Agony Aunt.
C. To give suggestions to Ben.
D. To present some ways to resolve conflicts.
第三步：品语言妙笔生辉
1. Read the passage carefully and find the sentences describing the mood.
（1）I’m crazy about basketball， and pretty good at it too， which
is probably why I was so mad when we lost our last match.
（2）We played well，but I felt the team were let down by one
member， our point guard.
（3）Disappointed by his behaviour， I said all this to my best friend.
（4）I was just letting off steam really， because I was so angry， but
then my friend went and told everyone else what I’d said.
（5）Embarrassed and ashamed， I can’t concentrate on anything.
2. Read the passage carefully and find the sentences which show
consideration before giving suggestions.
（1）Treated this way， you’re sure to feel hurt — we should always
be able to trust those closest to us， and it hurts even more when we
find we can’t.
（2）It is understandable in that situation， but we should always think
before we speak.
3. Read the passage carefully and find the sentences containing quotes.
（1）There is an old American saying， “Loose lips sink ships.”
（2）The situation here is so much worse because the “loose lips”
were your best friend’s.
（3）You admit that you were “letting off steam”.
第四步：拓思维品质提升
1. What’s your understanding of the saying “Loose lips sink
ships.”？
If one speaks carelessly about private or sensitive information，
someone could hear and use it to damage or ruin something important.
2. Have you ever had a similar experience？Please share your own story
with your classmates.
Yes.I was once very angry with my deskmate for breaking my favourite
cup by accident.I complained to my friend about it.Unfortunately，
my friend told others my complaint， which made me very
embarrassed.I realise that I shouldn’t say too much when I am angry.
第五步：析难句表达升级
1. I was just letting off steam really， because I was so angry， but then
my friend went and told everyone else what I’d said.
句式分析 because I was so angry为because引导的 从
句，what I’d said为what引导的 从句。
自主翻译
原因状语
宾语
我其实只是想发泄一下怒气，因为我太生气了，可我
的朋友随后却把我的话告诉了所有人。
2. If you ever want to win any more basketball games （and I’m sure
you do！），you need to work together， and that means
communicating with each other clearly and resolving conflicts.
句式分析 If you ever want to win any more basketball games为If引导
的 从句，communicating with each other clearly and
resolving conflicts是由and连接的两个动词-ing短语作动词means
的 。
自主翻译
条件状语
宾语
如果你们以后篮球比赛还想赢球（我肯定你们一定想
赢！），你们就必须团结合作，这就意味着你们彼此之间必须沟通
清楚，解决矛盾。
3. Filled with anger， you tend to say whatever comes to your mind.
句式分析 Filled with anger为过去分词短语作 ，
whatever comes to your mind为whatever引导的 从句。
自主翻译
原因状语
宾语
满腔怒火的时候，你往往想到什么就说什么。
核心知识·巧突破
探究课堂重点
3
Part Ⅰ 核心词汇集释
in a mess 杂乱不堪；陷入困境
【教材原句】 I’m in a total mess here — hope you can help me out！
我这儿一团糟，希望您能帮我一把！
【用法】
（1）make a mess of 把……搞得一塌糊涂
get sb into a mess 使某人陷入困境
a mess of 许多，大量
（2）mess up 搞乱；搞糟
mess around/about 瞎闹；闲逛
（3）messy adj. 凌乱的；脏的
a messy job 一项脏的工作
【佳句】 We had hoped to go outing， but the weather made a mess of
our plans.
我们本来希望去郊游，但天气把我们的计划搞砸了。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①It took me ages to get this right — I don’t want some idiots to mess
it .
②She’d got herself into mess， of which he was certain.
③As the work tends to be a bit （mess）， you’ll need to
wear old clothes.
up
a
messy
【写美】 补全句子
④His mother was angry with him because his room was .
他的妈妈很生他的气，因为他的房间杂乱不堪。
in a mess
help out 帮一把
【教材原句】 I’m in a total mess here — hope you can help me out！
我这儿一团糟，希望您能帮我一把！
【用法】
（1）help sb with sth/in doing sth/（to） do sth帮助某人（做）某事
can’t help doing sth 情不自禁地做某事
can’t help but do sth 别无选择只好做某事
（2）with the help of 在……的帮助下
be of help＝be helpful 有帮助
【佳句】 They will remain in trouble if we don’t help them out.
如果我们不帮他们一把，他们将继续处于困境中。
【点津】 help out既可以作及物动词短语，也可以作不及物动词短
语。作及物动词短语时，宾语若是代词，只能位于help与out之间。
【练透】 单句语法填空/补全句子
①You can’t help （wonder） how hard it was for the
people then to put all those rocks into place.
②If you have some spare cash， time or goods， it is an opportunity to
help others .
③Sometimes， we bravely and learn
from it.
有时候，我们别无选择只好勇敢面对失败，并从中学习。
wondering
out
can’t help but face failure
【写美】 一句多译
④她在会上说的话对我有很大帮助。
→What she said at the meeting to me.
→What she said at the meeting to me.
is of great help
is very helpful
let down 使失望，辜负
【教材原句】 We played well， but I felt the team were let down by
one member， our point guard.
我们打得不错，但我感觉整个团队都被一个队友拖累了，那就是我们
的控球后卫。
【用法】
let alone 不干涉；不管；更不用说
let out 放掉；发出（叫声等）；泄露（秘密等）
let off 使爆炸；允许离开；使免受处罚
let in 放进，让……进来；容许；许可
let off steam 发泄怒火，宣泄情绪
let go （of） 放手，松手，放开；使自由
【佳句】 He said before the competition that he wouldn’t let off
steam， but he let us down.
他在比赛前说过他不会发火，但他让我们失望了。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①Don’t let go my hand or we’ll get separated.
②There isn’t enough room for us， let any guests.
③“It’s awesome！” he let a cry with excitement when his
favourite player kicked a goal.
of
alone
out
【写美】 补全句子
④I’m sorry I .Something went wrong， so I couldn’t
meet you.
很抱歉我让你失望了。出了一些事，因此我没能去见你。 （道
歉信）
let you down
fault n.责任，过错
【教材原句】 But I have to say that it’s partly your fault， isn’t it？
不过我不得不说你也有一部分责任，不是吗？
【用法】
（1）find fault with 挑……的毛病，对……吹毛求疵
at fault 有责任，出毛病
it is one’s own fault 那是某人自己的错
for all one’s faults 尽管有这么多缺点
far outweigh one’s faults 远远大于缺陷
（2）faulty adj. 不完美的；错误的；有缺陷的
【佳句】 He lost his job the other day， but it was his own fault for
telling lies to the hotel manager.
前几天他丢了工作，但那是他自己向酒店经理撒谎的错。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①The new software was （fault）， causing data loss and
delays in the project.
②We failed to explain that to the public and we are fault in that.
③Dear students， I love all of you all your faults.
faulty
at
for
【写美】 补全句子
④I can’t the new restaurant： the food is good and
the service is excellent.
我无法对那家新餐馆吹毛求疵：食品很好，服务也是一流的。
find fault with
breath n.一口气；呼吸
【教材原句】 Take a deep breath， calm down， and always
remember：think first， speak later.
深呼吸，冷静下来，并时刻记住：先思而后言。
【用法】
（1）take sb’s breath away 令人惊叹
hold sb’s breath 屏息；屏气
take a deep breath 深吸一口气
lose sb’s breath 喘不过气来
（be） out of breath 喘不过气来
（2）breathe v. 呼吸；使喘息
breathe in/out 吸气/呼气
（3）breathless adj. 喘不过气来的
【佳句】 If you run too fast， you will lose your breath.
如果你跑得太快，你会喘不过气来。
【练透】 用breath的相关短语填空
①Desperately trying to keep calm， he and let out
a sigh.
②When the housemaid was about to let out her secret， all the family
members .
③My first view of the mountain from the air .
took a deep breath
held their breath
took my breath away
【写美】 补全句子
④Ann ran all the way to school， .
安一路跑到学校，上气不接下气。（动作描写）
out of breath/breathless
concern n.忧虑，担心 vt.涉及；使担忧；与……有关
【教材原句】 If you feel one of your teammates isn’t pulling their
weight， then raise your concerns in a professional way with your team
coach.
如果你觉得某个队友没有尽职尽责，那你要以更专业的方式向教练提
出你的担心。
【用法】
（1）concern oneself about ... 关心……
（2）express/show concern about/for ...对……表示关心/担心
raise concerns about ... 提出对……的担心
（3）concerned adj. 担心的；关切的
be concerned about/for ... 关心/担忧……
be concerned with/in ... 与……有关
as/so far as ...be concerned 就……而言
【佳句】 Concerned about your illness， we’d like to know how you
are feeling at the present time.
我们担忧你的病情，想知道你目前感觉怎么样了。（慰问信）
【练透】 单句语法填空
①My English teacher showed great concern me and I felt
very warm.
②At the meeting， they raised （concern） about wildlife
protection.
③All the difficulties （concern） with the project were
solved one by one.
about/for
concerns
concerned
【写美】 补全句子
④ ， online learning is convenient and
time-saving， allowing us to learn anytime and anywhere we like.
就我而言，网络学习方便省时，可以让我们随时随地学习。（发
言稿）
As/So far as I’m concerned
Part Ⅱ 重点句型解构
句型公式：形容词短语作原因状语
【教材原句】 Embarrassed and ashamed， I can’t concentrate on
anything.
我既尴尬又羞愧，做什么事都无法集中精力。
句中Embarrassed and ashamed为形容词短语作原因状语，说明主语的
状态。
（1）形容词（短语）作状语，说明句子主语的特点或处于某种状
态，可以表示方式、原因或伴随状况等，可位于句首、句末或句
中，常用逗号与句子其他部分隔开。
（2）形容词（短语）作状语时，常用来说明句子主语的状态，即和
主语构成主系表结构。如果用来修饰句子的谓语动词或整个句子，
则应用副词作状语。
【用法】
【品悟】 Jack stared at the footprints， full of fear.
杰克盯着脚印，充满恐惧。
【写美】 微写作/句式升级
①由于急于改进耕作条件，他们大面积地试种了这种新庄稼。
farming conditions，they tried out this new crop on
a large area.
②玛丽的父亲既惊讶又高兴，开始对他的妻子和女儿大喊大叫。
， Mary’s father began to shout at his wife and
daughter.
Eager to improve
Surprised and happy
句型公式：before引导时间状语从句
【教材原句】 It is understandable in that situation， but we should
always think before we speak.
这在当时的情况下可以理解，但我们在说话前应该先想清楚。
before引导时间状语从句时，基本含义是“在……之前”，又可以根
据不同语境灵活翻译成“还没来得及……就……”“……之后
才……”“在……之前”“（不久）就……”“以免……”“趁着
（还没有）……”。before常用于以下句型：
（1）It will be＋时间段＋before ...（从句用一般现在时）
要过……才……
（2）It won’t be＋时间段＋before ...（从句用一般现在时）
过不了……就……
（3）It was not long before ...（从句用一般过去时） 没过多久
就……
（4）It was＋时间段＋before ...（从句用一般过去时） 过
了……时间才……
【用法】
【品悟】 It was three years before we met by accident in the street. It
was not surprising that we had changed beyond recognition.
三年后我们在街上偶然相遇。我们变化很大，无法相认，这并不
奇怪。
【写美】 语境辨义/微写作
①He told me a helicopter was on the way， but it would be 30 minutes
before it arrived.
②Before I could say anything more， Holmes had rushed off towards the
station.
③要过半年我才回来。
……之后才……
还没来得及……就……
I come back.
④没过多久，他们就离开了自己的村庄。
they left their village.
⑤过了很长一段时间我才认识到真相。
I realised the truth.
⑥学生们要先完成作业才能回家。
The students they finish their homework.
⑦在你做决定之前，你最好征求一下你父母的意见。
You’d better ask your parents for advice
.
It will be half a year before
It wasn’t long before
It was a long time before
won’t go home before
before you make a
decision
句型公式：whatever引导宾语从句
【教材原句】 Filled with anger， you tend to say whatever comes to
your mind.
满腔怒火的时候，你往往想到什么就说什么。
句中whatever comes to your mind为whatever引导的宾语从句，
whatever相当于anything that。
（1）whatever可以引导名词性从句，还可以引导让步状语从句，相
当于no matter what。
（2）whatever/whoever/whichever这一类词既可以引导名词性从句，
也可以引导让步状语从句；而however/wherever/whenever一般只引导
让步状语从句。
【用法】
【品悟】 Whatever I do is none of your business.
我做什么都与你无关。
【写美】 微写作/一句多译
①谁先爬到山顶，谁就会得奖。
will receive a prize.
②无论你做什么，你都不能违背自然规律。
→ ， you can’t go against the law of nature.
→ ， you can’t go against the law of nature.
Whoever climbs to the top of the hill first
Whatever you do
No matter what you do
课时检测·提能力
培育学科素养
4
维度一：品句填词
1. If you continue to heat the water， it will boil and turn into
（蒸汽）.
2. Don’t tell him your opinion because he has （说话随便
的） lips.
3. In other words， （解决） an argument cuts your
negative feelings by half.
steam
loose
resolving
4. His （策略） proved to be successful in dealing with the
pollution.
5. After being educated by his father， Tom finally admitted his
（过错） yesterday.
6. He is the guy whose name is on everyone’s l at the moment.
7. As is known to all， traffic s tell drivers and pedestrians when
to stop and go.
8. With the ship s slowly， many passengers jumped into the
water.
strategy
fault
ips
ignals
inking
维度二：词形转换
1. We had great difficulty in （breathe）， for the air was
thin at the top of the hill.
2. （concern） about the student， the teacher called his
parents to find out why he was so often absent from class.
3. I couldn’t remember his name while talking with him， which made
me very （embarrass）.
4. If the sensor is （fault）， this temperature will usually be
quite high.
breathing
Concerned
embarrassed
faulty
5. Mum makes me clean up my （mess） room when she is
cooking.
6. Adding fuel to the flames， of course it would make the
situation （bad）.
7. We have to admit that we were wrong，and
（apology） to you for what happened.
messy
worse
apologise
维度三：固定搭配和句式
1. A swimmer can’t swim under water very long， because he
must （深呼吸）.
2. He is a reliable person， and always willing to
（帮他的朋友们一把） when they are in trouble.
3. Bob has never （做好他的分内事）， and we
all have to work harder to make up for his laziness.
4. Tom is determined to work hard this term， for he doesn’t want
to （让他的父母失望） again.
take a deep breath
help his friends out
pulled his weight
let his parents down
5. Many Internet companies encourage their workers to take exercise after
work to （宣泄情绪）.
6. He had measured me （我还没来得及
插话）.
7. We will accept ultimate responsibility for （发
生的任何事情）.
8. I （迷恋） popular songs.I have a large collection
of albums.
let off steam
before I could get in a word
whatever happens
am crazy about
维度四：课文语法填空
Ben， 17， is a member of the school basketball team.He is crazy
1. basketball and pretty good at it， but his team 2.
（lose） the last match.In Ben’s opinion， the point guard was 3.
（blame）.4. （disappoint） by his
behaviour， Ben told this to his best friend.However， his best friend told
everyone else 5. he’d said.Ben didn’t know what to do， so
he asked Agony Aunt for help.
about
lost
to
blame
Disappointed
what
As far as Agony Aunt 6. （concern）， it is mainly
his friend’s loose lips that make the situation worse.But it’s
7. （part） Ben’s fault.She suggests that Ben should
apologise to his teammate first.Secondly， Ben should talk to his friend
and tell him that he is angry with him for 8. （repeat）
what he said and making the situation worse， 9. that he wants to
move on.Thirdly， Ben should think about his own behaviour and always
remember：think first， speak later.If he feels one of his teammates
isn’t pulling their 10. （weigh）， then he should raise his
concerns in a professional way with his team coach.
is concerned
partly
repeating
but
weight
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
Friendship is a beautiful relationship. While some friendships tend to
come to an end as we grow in life， there are some rare and special ones
that are meant to last forever. No matter how many years pass by， the
connection stays alive.
Two childhood best friends who were “joined at the hip” as kids
were reunited over a half century later — when they least expected it.
Irene Gresty and Janet Henderson were neighbours in the 1940s，
growing up in England， but like many friends， they lost touch over the
years. After getting married， Gresty moved with her husband who was in
the navy and was shipped to many foreign places. However， Gresty，
despite living in many countries， loved her own country. Gresty said，
“I loved the area where I grew up， so I wanted to settle down to enjoy
retirement （退休）.” Thanks to an event hosted by Bield Housing and
Care， a non-profit organization devoted to supporting residents over 55
years old， finally they met each other.
Gresty said， “We sat down beside each other and she turned to me and
said ‘Is that you Irene？’ and I just laughed and said ‘Yes. Are you
Janet？’” They couldn’t believe that they were meeting each other
after so long. They spent the rest of the afternoon talking to each other.
Henderson said that it is usual in life for people to often move away
from the area and lose contact. As their family names changed，
Henderson couldn’t recognize her friend’s name despite being told
about her. The two have promised to never stay long without seeing each
other. They exchanged numbers so they could meet in the future. They
have many years to catch up on everything they have missed.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。Gresty和Henderson两人从小是好朋
友，由于某种原因，两人失去了联系，但是半个世纪后两人重聚
了。
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。Gresty和Henderson两人从小是好朋
友，由于某种原因，两人失去了联系，但是半个世纪后两人重聚
了。
1. What does the underlined part “joined at the hip” in Paragraph 2
probably mean？（ ）
A. Grow fast. B. Work hard.
C. Hang around. D. Stay together.
解析： 词义猜测题。根据画线短语所在句子可知，半个世纪后
两人重聚了，这说明两个人在小时候就是朋友，即两人小时候就待
在一起。由此可知，画线短语joined at the hip意为“待在一起”。
2. What made Gresty return to England？（ ）
A. Her friends’ invitation.
B. Her husband’s new job.
C. Her interest in traveling.
D. Her love for her hometown.
解析： 细节理解题。根据第三段中的Gresty said， “I loved the
area where I grew up ...to enjoy retirement （退休）.”可知，
Gresty对家乡的热爱使她回到英格兰。
3. Which of the following best describes Gresty and Henderson’s
reunion？（ ）
A. Unexpected. B. Resultless.
C. Long-planned. D. Well-organized.
解析： 推理判断题。根据第三段中的Thanks to an event
hosted ...each other after so long.可推知，Gresty和Henderson的重
聚是出乎意料的。
4. What did Gresty and Henderson promise to do next？（ ）
A. Keep in touch. B. Travel abroad.
C. Post their stories. D. Make more friends.
解析： 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的The two have
promised ...they have missed.可推知，Gresty和Henderson承诺接下
来两人会保持联系。
B
When you are a kid， gaining a best friend forever can happen in a
single play date. But when you grow up to be an adult， making and
maintaining friendships gets harder. So how much quality time （优质时
光） do you need before that stranger becomes your friend？ A study
recently found that， on average， it takes about 50 hours with someone
before you consider them a casual （感情不深的） friend， about 90
hours before you become real friends， and about 200 hours to become
close friends.
The study’s author Jeffrey Hall， a communications professor，
invited adults who are eager to make friends to take part in two
experiments — people who had just moved to a new city in the past six
months and college freshmen. He asked them to rate and track the degree
of closeness and time spent together with a new person. “Results suggest
that the chance of changing from casual friend to real friend is greater than
50％ after around 80－100 hours together，” said Hall.
The study found that the amount of time spent talking together， or
the fact that you spent time at school or work with them， was unrelated to
friendship closeness. “It is really easy to spend a lot of time with people
as they are routinely in the same place at the same time as you，” Hall
said. “However， my study shows you can have workmates you spend
hundreds and hundreds of hours with and still not develop a friendship.”
You do not need to become best friends with your workmates to
develop meaningful relationships with them. But for those of us hoping to
change from “girl who I eat lunch at work with” to “friend I can
depend on”， Hall suggests that you need to take the relationship out of
the workplace for it to become a friendship. The participants who did
activities outside of work with someone， such as being invited to have
lunch in their home， were more likely to develop deeper relationships
with them.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章告诉我们一个成年人需要多长
时间才能交到一个新朋友，并且建议要想发展成为朋友需要将这种
关系带出工作场所。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章告诉我们一个成年人需要多长
时间才能交到一个新朋友，并且建议要想发展成为朋友需要将这种
关系带出工作场所。
5. What is the study mainly about？（ ）
A. Ways of making friends in a new environment.
B. Why people need to make different friends.
C. Different levels of friendship.
D. How long it takes to develop a friendship.
解析： 推理判断题。根据第一段最后一句及第二段第二句可推
知，该研究主要是研究发展一段友谊需要多长时间。
6. What do we know about the participants in the study？（ ）
A. They knew each other before.
B. They had difficulty in making new friends.
C. They were in great need of friends.
D. They started their new life in the same city.
解析： 细节理解题。根据第二段第一句可知，研究者邀请渴望
交朋友的成年人参加了两个实验。由此可知，这项研究的参与者都
是希望交朋友的人。
7. What does the underlined word “routinely” in Paragraph 3 probably
mean？（ ）
A. Usually. B. Actively.
C. Seldom. D. Confidently.
解析： 词义猜测题。根据画线词后的in the same place at the
same time as you可知，作为学生或者同事，在一起很容易的原因是
人们经常同时出现在同一个场所。由此可知，画线词的意思与
usually意义相近。
8. Which can help people build deeper relationships with workmates
according to Hall？（ ）
A. Joining the same work team.
B. Having lunch at work with them.
C. Inviting them to your home after work.
D. Sharing work experience with each other.
解析： 细节理解题。根据最后一段最后一句可知，下班之后，
邀请同事到你的家里有助于和他们建立更深的关系。
C
Hundreds of friends on Facebook can’t replace a handful of close
friends in real life， a study has found.In a recent study， researchers
discovered that people with only a few friends were at least as happy as
those with far more if many of theirs were online.
Social media， the researchers said， has encouraged younger people
to have larger but more impersonal networks of “friends”.But instead of
trying to amass friends， they added， a better cure for loneliness might
be spending time with those you’re closest to.
Scientists from the University of Leeds did their study using data from
two online surveys on 1，496 people by a non-profit research
organization.People taking part in the study showed their ages， the
make-up of their social networks， how often they had different types of
social interactions， and their own feelings of well-being.They included
details of how often and how they interacted with families or neighbors，
and whether they included people who provided services to them in their
networks.
The number of close friends someone had appeared to be the only
thing which influenced how satisfied they were with their social life.
“Loneliness has less to do with the number of friends you have，
and more to do with how you feel about your friends，” said Dr W ndi
Bruine de Bruin.Actually， it’s often the younger adults who admit to
having a bad opinion of their friends.
If you feel lonely， it may be more helpful to make a positive
connection with a friend than to try and seek out new people to meet.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。一项研究发现，亲密朋友的数量似
乎是影响一个人对社交生活满意度的唯一因素。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。一项研究发现，亲密朋友的数量似
乎是影响一个人对社交生活满意度的唯一因素。
9. Which of the following can replace the underlined word “amass” in
Paragraph 2？（ ）
A. play the role of B. think highly of
C. take advantage of D. increase the number of
解析： 词义猜测题。根据画线词上文可知，研究人员表示，社
交媒体鼓励年轻人拥有更大但更非个人的“朋友”网络。But表示
转折，下文研究人员补充说，治疗孤独的更好方法可能是花时间和
你最亲近的人在一起，而不是试图增加朋友的数量。由此可知，画
线词意为“增加数量”。
10. What can be learned from the scientists’ study？（ ）
A. Scientists did one online survey on 1，496 people.
B. People surveyed mentioned new forms of social networks.
C. People surveyed showed their ways to interact with families.
D. The number of friends was the only cause of people’s happiness.
解析： 细节理解题。根据第三段中的They included details of
how often ... who provided services to them in their networks.可
知，从研究中可以看出被调查的人和家人之间互动交流的方式。
11. What makes people happy in social life？（ ）
A. Living alone.
B. Having close friends.
C. Having good appearance.
D. Making as many friends as possible.
解析： 细节理解题。根据倒数第三段可知，拥有亲密的朋友
让人们在社交生活中感到快乐。
12. What’s the author’s purpose in writing the text？（ ）
A. To advise us to make friends online.
B. To show us the importance of friends.
C. To present us with the findings of a study.
D. To tell us the problems caused by loneliness.
解析： 写作意图题。文章第一段指出一项研究发现，接着介
绍了这项研究的展开过程和研究结果。由此可推知，作者写本文
的目的是向我们展示一项研究的结果。
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
People disagree about meaningful and small matters on a daily basis.
Sometimes you know if you speak your mind you will upset someone.
However， you often must express your opinion even if you know others
will disagree. By choosing your words carefully you can avoid long-term
offense （冒犯）.
·Ask people about their perspective （观点）. Before being honest
about how you feel， it’s important to know their perspective. This
gives you a chance to show genuine interest and have a conversation.13.
（ ） They may even end their explanation with a request to hear your
perspective.
·Put yourself in their shoes. One of the simplest ways to avoid hurting
feelings is to imagine how they will respond to your statements.14.
（ ） Practise imagining how they view their own opinion and yours.
Just because their perspective is different doesn’t mean it’s wrong.
·15.（ ） Be careful with your honesty. You want to speak the
truth in kindness. That means avoiding obvious negative behaviors such as
making a face or making fun of their ideas.
·Be polite in your responses. Whenever you try to avoid hurting
others， it is best to speak with kindness. Simple acts of kindness can
make a big difference. They convey respect and show that you value the
other person. This situation isn’t all about you speaking your mind.16.
（ ）
·Express your perspective as opinion， not fact. This shows you
value their perspective， even if you know the facts back you up. If they
have an open mind， facts will change their perspective. If they do not
have an open mind， facts will feel like personal attacks.17.（ ）
Allow them to discover the truth in their own way， not yours.
A. They have a right to be incorrect.
B. It’s about them feeling valued.
C. Control your words and body language.
D. If they said that to you， would you be upset？
E. Listening to others’ opinion is a very powerful way.
F. Use facts and try to avoid letting your emotions run high.
G. This may also give you opportunities to speak up and be honest.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章告诉我们几条关于如何在不伤
害他人感情的情况下保持诚实的建议。
13. G 空前后两句说明询问别人观点带来的好处。G项（这也会给你
机会说出自己的想法，做到诚实）符合语境。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章告诉我们几条关于如何在不伤
害他人感情的情况下保持诚实的建议。
14. D 根据上文可知，要站在别人的角度考虑问题。避免伤感情的
最简单的方法之一就是想象一下他们会对你的话有何反应。D项（如
果他们那样对你说，你会生气吗？）符合语境。
15. C 空处为段落主题句。根据下文making a face和making fun of
their ideas可知，C项（控制你的言语和肢体语言）符合语境。
16. B 根据空前一句可知，这种情况不完全是说出你的想法。B项
（而是让他们感到被重视）符合语境。
17. A 根据上下文可知，认为你说的不对是他们的权利，允许他
们用自己的方式去发现真相。A项（他们有认为你不对的权利）符
合语境。(共86张PPT)
Section Ⅱ Using language
1
重难语法·要攻克
目 录
3
课时检测·提能力
2
知识要点·须拾遗
重难语法·要攻克
掌握核心语法
1
过去分词（短语）作状语
①Embarrassed and ashamed， I can’t concentrate on anything.
②Treated this way， you’re sure to feel hurt ...
③Filled with anger， you tend to say whatever comes to your mind.
④Although wounded all over， the brave soldiers continued to fight.
⑤Followed by his wolf-dog， the hunter walked slowly in the forest.
⑥He was found lying on the ground， his hands tied.
【我的发现】
1. 句①－⑤中的过去分词分别在句中作 状语、 状
语、 状语、 状语和 状语。
2. 过去分词表示 或 的动作。作状语时，可
以 使用，如句①、句②、句③和句⑤；也可以在其前面加
上适当的 ，如句④。
3. 过去分词的逻辑主语必须与句子的主语 ，如果不一
致，我们常在过去分词前加上其逻辑主语，构成
，如句⑥。
原因
条件
时间
让步
方式
被动
已经完成
单独
连词
保持一致
独立主格结
构
一、过去分词（短语）作状语的用法
1. 过去分词（短语）作状语的类型
过去分词（短语）表示被动，表示动作已经完成，其逻辑主语往往
为句子的主语。过去分词（短语）作状语时，可单独使用，也可以
在其前面加上适当的连词，可表示原因、条件、让步、时间、方
式、伴随等。过去分词作方式状语或伴随状语时可以变为并列分
句，作其他状语时可以变为相应的状语从句。
状语类型 例句
原因状语 Encouraged by his teacher， the naughty boy began to
concentrate on class.
→As the naughty boy was encouraged by his teacher， he
began to concentrate on class.
由于受到老师的鼓舞，这个淘气的男孩开始集中精力听课
了。
状语类型 例句
条件状语 Given more time，we could help the injured man out.
→If we were given more time， we could help the injured
man out.
如果多给我们点时间，我们会帮这位伤员摆脱困境。
让步状语 Wounded seriously，the brave soldier didn’t let out screams
of pain.
→Although he was wounded seriously，the brave soldier
didn’t let out screams of pain.
尽管受伤严重，那位勇敢的战士也未发出痛苦的叫声。
状语类型 例句
时间状语 Discussed many times，the problems were settled at last.
→After they were discussed many times，the problems were
settled at last.
多次讨论之后，这些问题终于被解决了。
方式状语 The old man walked into the room，supported by his son.
→The old man walked into the room and was supported by his
son.
这位老人在儿子的搀扶下走进了房间。
状语类型 例句
伴随状语 Mrs Wu rushed in breathlessly，followed by her daughter.
→Mrs Wu rushed in breathlessly and she was followed by her
daughter.
吴太太上气不接下气地冲了进来，她的女儿紧跟其后。
2. 过去分词（短语）作状语的位置
过去分词（短语）作状语时，通常放在句首或句末，有时也可放在
句中，常用逗号与句子其他部分隔开。
He stood there silently， moved to tears.
＝Moved to tears， he stood there silently.
他静静地站在那里，被感动地热泪盈眶。
【即时演练1】 写出下列句中蓝体部分所充当的状语类型
①Clearly and thoughtfully written， the book inspires confidence in
students who wish to seek their own answers.
②Time， used correctly， is money in the bank.
③Seated at the table， his father and he were talking about his job.
④When given a medical examination， you should keep calm.
原因状语
条件状语
方式状语
时间状语
二、过去分词（短语）作状语的注意事项
1. 过去分词（短语）作状语时，有时为了强调，前面可带有连词，
如： when， while， if， though， as if， unless等，构成“连词＋
过去分词”结构，以使句意表达得更清楚。
Unless constantly repeated， the English words are easily forgotten.
这些英语单词很容易忘记，除非不断地重复（记忆）。
When asked why she came here， the girl kept silent.
当被问到为何来这儿时，那个女孩保持沉默。
He began to cry as if bitten by a snake.
他开始大叫起来，好像被蛇咬了。
2. 过去分词（短语）作状语时，其逻辑主语必须与句子的主语保持一
致，否则需加上自己的主语构成独立主格结构。
Employed in reading， he didn’t notice me come in.他专心读书，
没有注意到我进来。
He was listening attentively in class， his eyes fixed on the
blackboard.
他课上专心听讲，眼睛紧盯着黑板。（his eyes fixed on the
blackboard为独立主格结构，fix的逻辑主语是his eyes）
3. 有些形容词化的过去分词，作状语时不强调被动而重在描述主语的
状态。这样的过去分词（短语）常见的有lost（迷失的），seated
（坐下来的），hidden （隐藏的），lost/absorbed in （沉浸于），
dressed in （穿着），tired of （厌烦）等。
Lost in thought， he didn’t hear the bell.
由于陷入沉思之中，他没有听到铃声。
【即时演练2】 补全句子
① ， the scientist didn’t give up.
尽管再次被打败了，但这位科学家并没有放弃。
②Children， ， are allowed to
enter the stadium.
孩子们由他们的父母陪同时才可以进入这个体育场。
③ ， he couldn’t fall asleep.
由于担心儿子的安全，他难以入眠。
④ ， the bus started at once.
信号一发出，公共汽车就立刻开动了。
Although defeated again
when accompanied by their parents
Concerned about his son’s safety
The signal given
三、过去分词与现在分词作状语的区别
过去分
词作状
语 过去分词所表示的动
作与句子主语之间是
逻辑上的动宾关系，
即表示被动 过去分词所表示的动作往往发生于谓
语动词所表示的动作之前，或表示
“一种状态”，与谓语动词所表示的
动作同时发生或存在
现在分
词作状
语 现在分词所表示的动
作与句子的主语之间
是逻辑上的主谓关
系，即表示主动 现在分词的一般式表示的动作与谓语
动词所表示的动作同时发生或几乎同
时发生；现在分词的完成式表示的动
作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前
Seen from the top of the tower， our city looks more beautiful.
从塔顶上看，我们的城市看起来更漂亮。（主语our city和see之间是
被动关系）
Seeing from the top of the tower，we can get a wonderful view of our
city.
从塔顶我们可以饱览城市的美景。（主语we和see之间是主动关系）
名师点津
过去分词与现在分词的完成被动式（having been done）作状语时，都
具有被动意义，有时可以互换，但是having been done结构强调动作先
于句子的谓语动词所表示的动作。
Examined carefully， the patient was sent to the operation room.
＝Having been examined carefully， the patient was sent to the operation
room.
仔细检查之后，那个病人被送进了手术室。
【即时演练3】 单句语法填空
① （hesitate） over whether to leave or not， the child
stayed where he was.
② （inspire） by his words， they have decided to try their
best to achieve what they want.
③Through his whole life， Charles Dickens created a sea of literary
works， （reveal） a wide range of social issues in Great
Britain in the 19th century.
Hesitating
Inspired
revealing
知识要点·须拾遗
关注高频词汇
2
annoyed adj.恼怒的，烦恼的
【教材原句】 Prevented from playing her role in Riley’s emotional
development， Sadness feels annoyed.
由于无法在莱利的情感发展过程中起主导作用，悲伤感到很烦恼。
【用法】
（1）be annoyed with sb 对某人生气
be annoyed at/about sth 因某事而生气
be annoyed to do/that ... 因为……而生气
（2）annoy vt. 使恼怒；打扰
annoying adj. 令人恼怒的，令人烦恼的
（3）annoyance n. 烦恼；令人烦恼的事；打扰
to one’s annoyance 令某人生气的是
【佳句】 She was annoyed at/about being disturbed in the middle of
the night.
她因半夜被打扰感到很恼火。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①The news was so （annoy） that it ruined my whole day.
②He was annoyed （learn） that the train would be delayed.
③Meg was annoyed me because I forgot to stop and buy bread
on my way home.
annoying
to learn
with
【写美】 补全句子
④ ， he found his friend hadn’t waited for him.
让他生气的是，他发现他的朋友没有等他。
To his annoyance
adjust v.适应，（使）习惯；调整
【教材原句】 When Riley moves to a new city， she has a hard time
adjusting to her new surroundings.
当莱利搬到一个新城市时，她很难适应新环境。
【用法】
（1）adjust ...to ... 调整……以适应……
adjust to （doing） sth 适应于（做）某事
adjust oneself to 使自己适应于……
（2）adjustment n. 调整；调节；适应
make adjustments/an adjustment to 对……作出调整
（3）adjustable adj. 可调节的
an adjustable chair 一把可调节的椅子
【佳句】 This kind of desk can be adjusted to the height you need.
这种桌子可以根据你的需要调节高度。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①It clearly showed that while likability can lead to
healthy （adjust）， high status has just the opposite
effect on us.
②When a child is studying abroad， he must learn to adjust to
（live） on his own.
adjustment
living
【写美】 补全句子
③You’d better learn some basic Chinese before you come.That way，
you can in Beijing soon.
你最好在来之前学习一些基本的汉语，那样你就能很快地适应北京的
生活。（建议信）
adjust yourself to the life
by accident 偶然，意外地
【教材原句】 Sadness wants to do her duty but by accident causes the
loss of Riley’s happy core memories with Joy.
悲伤想尽自己的责任，但却意外地让莱莉的快乐核心记忆丧失。
【用法】
by chance＝accidentally 偶然，意外地
by design＝on purpose 有意地，故意地
by mistake 错误地
【佳句】 What you should remember is that success in your life
doesn’t happen by accident； it’s actually the result of your hard
work.
你应该记住：你人生中的成功不是偶然发生的，它实际上是你努力的
结果。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①You sometimes hurt your family members or friends accident
but I’m sure you don’t hurt them purpose.
②Our English teacher （accident） found the
headmaster attending her lecture.
【写美】 补全句子
③I took someone else’s bag at the station yesterday.
昨天在车站我误拿了别人的包。
by
on
accidentally
by mistake
forgive v.原谅，宽恕
【教材原句】 Try to forgive someone when they apologise.
当别人道歉时，试着原谅他们。
【用法】
（1）forgive sb sth 宽恕某人某事
forgive sb for （doing） sth 原谅某人（做）某事
forgive one’s doing sth 原谅某人做某事
forgive and forget 不念旧恶；不记仇
（2）forgiveness n. 原谅
【佳句】 We forgave him for his rudeness as he was so young.
因为他如此年轻，我们原谅了他的无礼。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①Forgive my （interrupt）， but I really don’t agree
with you.
②The shy girl didn’t know how to ask for her
mother’s （forgive）.
【写美】 补全句子
③It is a virtue to .
不记仇是一种美德。
interrupting
forgiveness
forgive and forget
embarrassment n.尴尬，难为情
【教材原句】 It’s not a good idea to criticise someone in front of
others.This can cause embarrassment.
当着别人的面批评人是不对的。这会引起尴尬。
【用法】
（1）to one’s embarrassment 令某人尴尬的是
（2）embarrass v. 使尴尬
（3）embarrassed adj. 尴尬的；陷入困境的
be embarrassed about/at ... 对……感到难为情
be embarrassed to do sth 对做某事感到尴尬
（4）embarrassing adj. 令人尴尬的；使人难堪的
【佳句】 We should learn to communicate in a kinder way with people
who are sensitive about what others say to avoid embarrassment.
我们应该学会以一种更友善的方式与那些对别人说的话很敏感的人交
流，以避免尴尬。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①As he entered the room， all the people became silent， which made
him very （embarrass）.
②His sudden appearance made me in an （embarrass）
situation.
③Her face turned red with （embarrass） when I
asked when she would marry.
embarrassed
embarrassing
embarrassment
【写美】 补全句子
④ ， she couldn’t understand the instructions
on the bottle.
令她尴尬的是，她不能理解瓶子上的说明。
To her embarrassment
课时检测·提能力
培育学科素养
3
维度一：基础题型练
品句填词
1. What we should remember is that our （义务） is to serve
the people heart and soul.
2. We must （确保） that all patients have access to high-
quality care.
duty
ensure
3. Some speakers argued that （拳击） was less dangerous
than rugby.
4. I didn’t mean to break the window — it was an （意外
事件）.
5. Concern for the environment is at the （核心） of our
policies.
6. The house was small and dark inside so it took a long time for our eyes
to （适应）.
boxing
accident
core
adjust
7. We （原谅） his bad temper because we knew that his
son’s illness had put him under great stress.
8. To her e ， she couldn’t remember his name when she
met an old friend in the street.
9. She’s always c her friends for being selfish.
10. The headteacher was a to find some teenagers smoking after
school.
forgave
mbarrassment
riticising
nnoyed
维度二：语法与写作
补全句子
1. ， the city looks like a beautiful garden.
从山上看，这个城市就像一个美丽的花园。
2. ， Philip said he
found it very interesting and rewarding.
当被问到对他的教学工作的观点时，菲利普说他觉得既有趣又
有意义。
Seen from the hill
When asked for his views about his teaching job
3. ， John didn’t notice evening
approaching.
约翰全神贯注于这道难题，没有注意到夜幕降临了。
4. My uncle came to our New Year party， as Donald
Duck.
我叔叔来参加我们的新年晚会，打扮成唐老鸭的样子。
5. ， the papers were handed out.
被老师批改完后，试卷被分发下去。
6. ， the worker took a day’s leave.
得到经理的允许，这个工人休了一天的假。
Absorbed in the tough question
dressed up
Corrected by the teacher
Permitted by his manager
7. ， my flat is
comfortable to live in.
我的公寓装饰了新家具和壁纸，住起来很舒服。
8. ， he said， “It was like seeing colour for
the first time.”
被这段音乐打动了，他说：“那种感觉就如同第一次看见色彩一
样。”
9. The boy started as if .
这个男孩猛地一惊，好像从梦中惊醒了似的。
Decorated with new furniture and wallpaper
Moved by this music
awakened from a dream
10. ， the old man felt
happy.
身边围着一群年轻人，老人感到很高兴。
Surrounded by a group of young people
维度三：语法与语篇
用所给单词的适当形式完成下面短文。
The newly designed robot can aid people with physical tasks and
many other social services.For example， 1. （give） a certain
instruction， a service robot can help move objects from one place to
another within a house.It can also help the person to contact his or her
doctor or give the person daily reminders.2. （employ）
by families with children， a service robot can make the time parents
spend doing household chores 3. （reduce）.It might also
make parents less worried， because they know that glassware， for
example， won’t possibly be broken by children when 4.
（collect） by a service robot.
given
Employed
reduced
collected
5. （design） with such functions， service robots are
gaining wide popularity in the world.
Designed
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
Have you ever been in mid-conversation with someone， when you
look over and find them standing in the same position as you or holding the
same facial expression？ It may seem like they have consciously （有意
识地） copied you， but it is much more likely that it is the chameleon
（变色龙） effect at play.
The chameleon effect is the unconscious imitation of another
person’s gestures or behaviour.Just as a chameleon attempts to match
any environment’s colours， people acquire the behaviour of others to
bring them closer together and help make their interactions smooth.
The chameleon effect was confirmed in an experiment by
psychologists John Bargh and Tanya Chartrand in 1999.The first part of
their experiment included 78 people， who each spoke with an
experimenter.During the test， Bargh and Chartrand studied whether
participants would copy the actions of someone they hadn’t met before，
like moving the foot and touching the face.The second part measured the
impact that copying someone has on the person being imitated.
In the first stage， participants increased their face touching by 20％
and their foot movement by 50％ while in conversation about a photograph
with the experimenter.The individuals weren’t aware of what they were
being studied for， and the photograph was used to catch their attention to
ensure unconscious acts.The second stage involved half of the participants
being copied， and then rating the likeability of the experimenter.The
results showed that those who were imitated scored the experimenter
higher.It has shown that when someone copies our behaviour， we
develop more positive feelings about them.These interactions could be a
person unconsciously willing to be liked， and forming a moment of
connection.
The main reasons behind humans’ imitation are
positive.However， when people carry this chameleon effect to the
extreme， they can lose their sense of self.Those who change their entire
personalities in different groups often go undetected.But more common
signs of the chameleon effect are easier to notice.Next time you are in a
social gathering， take a look around and you might just see some
chameleons for yourself.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一项关于变色龙效应的
研究，告诉我们人们通过习得他人的行为来拉近彼此之间的距离。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一项关于变色龙效应的
研究，告诉我们人们通过习得他人的行为来拉近彼此之间的距离。
1. Why do people acquire others’ behavior？（ ）
A. To match the environment’s colours.
B. To attract others’ attention.
C. To establish a connection with others.
D. To adapt to the surroundings.
解析： 细节理解题。根据第二段中的people acquire the
behaviour of others to bring them closer together and help make their
interactions smooth可知，人们为了与他人建立联系，会习得他人的
行为。
2. How did the experimenter guarantee participants’ unconscious
behaviour？（ ）
A. By directing their attention to a photo.
B. By keeping a close eye on their actions.
C. By telling them the purpose of the study.
D. By evaluating the impacts of their imitation.
解析： 细节理解题。根据第四段中的The individuals weren’t
aware of what they were being studied for， and the photograph was
used to catch their attention to ensure unconscious acts.可知，实验者
用一张照片吸引参与者的注意力来保证他们的无意识行为。
3. What conclusion can be drawn from the experiment？（ ）
A. Too much of the chameleon effect can be beneficial.
B. People tend to like those who imitate their behaviour.
C. People imitating others are not easy to be detected.
D. The copied movements help people to feel relaxed.
解析： 推理判断题。根据第四段中的It has shown that when
someone copies our behaviour， we develop more positive feelings
about them.可推断出，实验表明人们倾向于那些喜欢模仿自己行为
的人。
4. Which of the following shows the chameleon effect according to the
passage？（ ）
A. A comedian copies a celebrity vividly on stage.
B. Students adopt teachers’ accents for fun after class.
C. People change their habits to please others on purpose.
D. A husband and his wife share similar behaviour over time.
解析： 推理判断题。根据第二段中变色龙效应的定义可知，随
着时间的推移，丈夫和妻子有相似的行为是变色龙效应，这是因为
他们经常在一起相处，会无意识地互相模仿。
B
Living in a modern society has its advantages and disadvantages. One
disadvantage is that you often have to live closer to other people than you
would like to. Sometimes， your neighbours make noise that you are not
comfortable with.
The best way to solve this problem is to talk with your neighbour
first. You should be very polite and ask your neighbour if he knows how
thin the walls of your homes are. This way doesn’t criticise （批评） his
behaviour； it simply points out that he may not realise how far his sound
travels. Tell him that you know that sometimes you make noise as well，
but that you do your best to keep it down. Often this will solve the
problem right away， but sometimes the neighbour may become angry.
If your neighbour becomes angry with you， there are some more
steps you can take. You might write a letter to the neighbourhood
committee. Make sure you write down the source of the noise and the time
in the letter. They will review the situation and decide whether your
neighbour is out of line. Some noise is considered to be reasonable， even
if it bothers you. So you may prepare a good pair of earplugs （耳塞）.
Even if your neighbour makes too much noise， you don’t have to
live your life in discomfort. It’s always a good idea to be friendly with
your neighbours. You may clean the rubbish in front of his door. He’s
sure to appreciate behaviour like this and be more open to your suggestions
about the noise level.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了在现代社会中与邻居相
处时可能遇到的噪音问题，并提出了解决这一问题的方法。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了在现代社会中与邻居相
处时可能遇到的噪音问题，并提出了解决这一问题的方法。
5. What is the first step to deal with the noisy neighbour？（ ）
A. To buy a good pair of earplugs.
B. To offer suggestions to the neighbour.
C. To ask the neighbourhood committee for help.
D. To tell the neighbour how bad his behaviour is.
解析： 细节理解题。根据第二段内容可知，应对吵闹的邻居的
第一步是礼貌地和他们交谈，委婉地给他们提出建议。
6. What does the underlined word “reasonable” in Paragraph 3 probably
mean？（ ）
A. Terrible. B. Loud.
C. Proper. D. Useful.
解析： 词义猜测题。画线词所在句中even if引导让步状语从
句，表明主从句之间的转折关系，结合下文建议自己戴耳塞可推
知，即使有些声音打扰了你，但它们是“合理的”。所以
reasonable与proper同义，意为“合理的”。
7. What does the last paragraph mainly talk about？（ ）
A. You should control your noise as well.
B. You can live comfortably even if there is noise.
C. Your neighbour may be more friendly than you think.
D. You should offer some suggestions to your neighbour.
解析： 段落大意题。根据最后一段第一句可知，即使有噪音，
你也可以舒适地生活。
8. What’s the author’s purpose in writing the passage？ （ ）
A. To tell us why we should get on well with neighbours.
B. To tell us how to relax ourselves in modern society.
C. To tell us how to become known among neighbours.
D. To tell us what we should do with our noisy neighbours.
解析： 写作目的题。通读全文，结合第二、三段内容可知，本
文的主要目的是告诉读者应该如何处理与吵闹邻居之间的关系，以
维护良好的居住环境。
Ⅱ.完形填空
The first day of school our primary Mrs Miller introduced herself and
challenged us to get to know someone we didn’t already know.I stood up
to 9 around when a pretty girl came into my sight.She said， “Hi，
my name is Katie.”
After class we became 10 friends.Every day for the next 8 years
we studied together and talked nonstop.We were 11 to our
classmates， and everyone knew that if you saw one of us， you’d likely
see the other.
But when we started high school， things began to
change.Katie 12 the cheerleading team and started hanging out with a
new group of friends.But I joined the robotics club， and spent most of
my time 13 with machines and coding.We still saw each other at
school， but our schedules became 14 and we had less time to hang
out.
One day， Katie told me she’d been having a 15 time with her
cheerleading coach.Her coach had been criticizing her 16 and telling
her that she wasn’t good enough.She wanted to give it up.
Katie’s words reminded me of a time when I was working on a robot
and couldn’t get it to function 17 .As I felt like giving up， Katie
said to me， “I know you dream of being a robotics engineer.When
you 18 your dream， you die.You can do anything if you put your
mind to it.” It was my turn to help her out.I told her that she was an
amazing 19 ， and that she could overcome any obstacle with hard
work and 20 .
After the chat Katie started to feel better about herself.She even tried
out for the team captain position.She didn’t get the role， but she
was 21 of herself for trying.
Years later， Katie and I were still best friends.We realized that while
our new friends were fun， they didn’t 22 us the way we did.We
pursued different paths， but we helped each other believe in ourselves，
and showed each other the power of 23 ， determination， and
support.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述的是作者回忆自己与
好友相互鼓励、相互支持的故事。
9. A. expect B. show C. look D. come
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述的是作者回忆自己与
好友相互鼓励、相互支持的故事。
解析： 根据下文when a pretty girl came into my sight可知，此处
指的是作者环顾四周，看到一个漂亮的女孩。“环顾四周”应为
look around。
10. A. instant B. old C. strange D. false
解析： 根据上文She said， “Hi， my name is Katie.”可知，
这是两个人初次见面，结合空前的After class可知，作者和Katie立
刻成了朋友。
11. A. inseparable B. competitive
C. independent D. indifferent
解析： 根据下文everyone knew that if you saw one of us，
you’d likely see the other可知，此处指的是作者和Katie形影
不离。
12. A. observed B. led
C. joined D. moved
解析： 根据下文But I joined the robotics club可知，作者加入了
机器人俱乐部，而Katie加入了拉拉队。
13. A. comparing B. tinkering
C. fighting D. bargaining
解析：B 机器人俱乐部应该是每天都在修补机器和编程。
14. A. busier B. lazier
C. smarter D. shorter
解析： 根据下文we had less time to hang out可知，作者和Katie
没时间闲逛了。由此可知，她们两个都很忙。
15. A. careful B. tough
C. sensible D. ridiculous
解析： 根据下文Her coach had been criticizing her可知，教练总
批评Katie，所以她与教练关系不好。tough意为“困难的”，符合
语境。
16. A. endings B. songs
C. grades D. moves
解析： 根据上文Katie加入了拉拉队可知，教练的批评应该是
与动作相关。
17. A. properly B. tightly
C. perfectly D. beautifully
解析： 根据上文I was working on a robot and couldn’t get it to
function可知，作者在修理机器人时遇到了麻烦。由此可知，此处
指的是不能使机器人正常地运行。
18. A. shake B. believe
C. express D. lose
解析： 此处指的是失去梦想，你就死了。
19. A. dreamer B. dancer
C. cheerleader D. friend
解析： Katie加入的是拉拉队，所以此处指的是拉拉队队员。
20. A. determination B. regret
C. excitement D. satisfaction
解析： 根据上文that she could overcome any obstacle with hard
work可知，此处与hard work并列，且结合语境可知，克服障碍需
要的是努力和决心。
21. A. delightful B. proud
C. optimistic D. thankful
解析： 根据上文After the chat Katie started to feel better
about herself.She even tried out for the team captain position.
可知，Katie虽然没有成为队长，但自己努力过，所以此处指
的是为此感到自豪。
22. A. hope B. promise
C. support D. teach
解析： 根据下文but we helped each other believe in ourselves可
知，作者和Katie帮助彼此相信自己，所以此处指的是支持。
23. A. confidence B. kindness
C. generosity D. friendship
解析： 作者与Katie相识多年，相互支持，这是本文的中心主
题，所以此处指的是友谊的力量。
Ⅲ.语法填空
Would you like 24. （get） in touch with your
friends？ Do you send a text 25. make a phone call？ A
new study in the Journal of Experimental Psychology suggests that you
26. （call） instead of 27. （send） a
text.Calling makes you feel more connected with your friends.
Scientists asked 200 people to reconnect with an old friend by email
or by phone.Many people 28. （think） that a phone call
would be more awkward.But 29. （actual）， hearing
someone’s voice made the experience 30. （good）.
According to the study， people like to text because they can have
more control.They can think about their message before they send it， and
they won’t be cut off or interrupted while messaging.
But 31. the other hand， texting can make
32. hard to understand the true meaning of a
conversation.Making a phone call is more natural.You don’t need to
overthink the possible meanings behind the words and punctuation
33. can be used in a text.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一项新研究，建议人们
和朋友联系时应该打电话而不是发短信。
24. to get 考查非谓语动词。would like to do sth想要做某事。故填to
get。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一项新研究，建议人们
和朋友联系时应该打电话而不是发短信。
25. or 考查连词。send a text和make a phone call之间为选择关系。故
填or。
26. （should） call 考查虚拟语气。suggest作“建议”讲时，其后的
宾语从句要用虚拟语气，即谓语用“（should＋）动词原形”的形
式，其中should可以省略。故填（should） call。
27. sending 考查非谓语动词。根据空前的instead of可知，此处要用
动词-ing形式作宾语。故填sending。
28. thought 考查动词的时态。结合上文的asked可知，此处要用一般
过去时。故填thought。
29. actually 考查词形转换。分析句子可知，此处修饰整个句子，应
用副词。故填actually。
30. better 考查形容词的比较级。根据上文a phone call would be more
awkward可知，此处表示“听到某人的声音会使和朋友联系的体验更
好”，暗含比较，应用比较级。故填better。
31. on 考查介词。on the other hand“另一方面”。故填on。
32. it 考查代词。make＋it＋adj.＋to do sth为固定结构，it为形式宾
语，真正的宾语为动词不定式短语to understand the true meaning of a
conversation。故填it。
33. that/which 考查定语从句。设空处引导限制性定语从句，先行词
为the words and punctuation，指物，定语从句中缺少主语，所以用that
或which引导定语从句。故填that或which。(共97张PPT)
单元质量检测（一）
Knowing me， knowing you
（满分150分，时间120分钟）
第一部分 听力（共两节，满分30分）
第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三
个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回
答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1. Who do the speakers wait for？（ ）
A. Nobody. B. Jason. C. Tom.
2. What is the woman going to do finally？（ ）
A. Call for service.
B. Ask John for help.
C. Repair the machine.
3. What is the man doing？（ ）
A. Buying fruit.
B. Packaging apples.
C. Weighing apples.
4. What does Jaden mean？（ ）
A. He dislikes travelling.
B. He has to save money.
C. He can’t afford the trip.
5. What are the speakers talking about？（ ）
A. A life story.
B. A newspaper.
C. An advertisement.
第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中
所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你
将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟
的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
6. What was Jason doing in the daytime on the most unforgettable day？
（ ）
A. Staying at home.
B. Chatting with neighbours.
C. Having classes at school.
7. Why did Jason’s neighbours come to his home？（ ）
A. To visit his parents.
B. To tell the news to his brother.
C. To express their congratulations.
听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。
8. What does Susan do these days？（ ）
A. Play with Jack.
B. Work in the park.
C. Read in the library.
9. What is the woman going to do next？（ ）
A. Go to the park.
B. Go to see an exhibition.
C. Chat with the man at home.
听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。
10. What does Jim plan to do tonight at first？（ ）
A. Cook at home.
B. Watch TV at home.
C. Go to the cinema alone.
11. What kind of movie will the speakers watch？（ ）
A. A comedy.
B. A horror movie.
C. An action movie.
12. How will the speakers probably get to the cinema？（ ）
A. By subway. B. By taxi. C. By bus.
听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。
13. What will Ted prepare for his mother’s birthday？（ ）
A. A picture. B. A book. C. A handbag.
14. Why did Ted’s father go to New York City？（ ）
A. To attend a meeting.
B. To prepare a surprise.
C. To celebrate his wife’s birthday.
15. When is Ted’s mum’s birthday？（ ）
A. This Friday.
B. This Saturday.
C. This Sunday.
16. What will Ted’s grandma do next？（ ）
A. Go to sleep.
B. Read a magazine.
C. Call the man’s father.
听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。
17. What does the boy’s family think of him at first？（ ）
A. Kind. B. Boring. C. Bad-looking.
18. What does the boy enjoy doing？（ ）
A. Inventing new things.
B. Playing with other kids.
C. Observing stars.
19. What does the boy learn at last？（ ）
A. To accept himself.
B. To respect his family.
C. To develop some interests.
20. Who is probably telling the story？（ ）
A. A teacher. B. A student. C. A radio host.
听力原文：
（Text 1）
M：Linda， has everybody arrived？
W：Jason and Tom haven’t arrived yet.
M：Oh， Jason is in the restroom now.
W：OK， everyone is here except Tom. Let’s just wait for him.
（Text 2）
W：The machine doesn’t work again. I’ll call for service.
M：It’s unnecessary. John knows how to repair it. He used to be a
repairman.
W：Great. I’ll tell him about the problem.
（Text 3）
M：These apples look nice. How much are they？
W：A small bag is three dollars and a large one is eight dollars.
M：Can I buy just two apples？
W：Certainly. But I need to weigh them.
（Text 4）
W：Jaden， I’d like to take a trip to China during the summer vacation.
Do you want to come along？
M：I really want to， but you know， a trip to China can be very costly.
（Text 5）
W：Why do you like reading this newspaper？
M：Well， I can learn what happened locally. Also there are life stories
about local people.
W：Don’t you read the ads？ They can be helpful.
M：Not for me！
（Text 6）
W：Jason， what’s the most unforgettable day in your life？
M：Well， it must be the day when I knew my older brother was admitted
to a key university.
W：Wow， that was good news.
M：Yes. I remember clearly that when I reached home from school in the
evening， many neighbours were at my house to congratulate us and
praise my brother for his hard work. My whole family all felt very
excited.
W：I see. I guess your brother must be a hard-working guy.
M：Yes. I’m very proud of him.
（Text 7）
M：Hi， Susan. How is everything？
W：Nothing special. I’m just reading in the library every day.
M：You know， all work and no play makes Jack a dull boy. You should
do something for fun to relax this afternoon. Would you like to go to an art
exhibition？
W：I’d rather not. I just want to chat with you.
M：Then what about going to the park？ We can chat as we enjoy the
warm sunshine.
W：Good idea. It’s a lovely day after all.
（Text 8）
W：Jim， what do you want to do tonight？
M：I plan to stay at home and watch TV.
W：How about going to the cinema？ There’s a great movie on now
named Men in Black： International. I heard it’s well-received.
M：What kind of movie is it？ An action movie， a horror movie or a
comedy？
W：The first kind.
M：Oh， it sounds good. I’ll go with you.
W：Great. By the way， how will we get there？
M：The cinema is in the city centre. It’s easy to get there by bus or by
taxi.
W：That’s true， but I guess taking a subway may be the best choice to
avoid the heavy traffic.
M：I couldn’t agree more.
（Text 9）
W：Ted， your mom’s birthday is around the corner.
M：Goodness me！ I’ve almost forgotten it.I haven’t prepared a
present yet.
W：Really？
M：Yes，but don’t worry， Grandma.I’ve got an idea now.I think I
can get a red handbag for Mom.
W：Why do you decide to buy a handbag for her？
M：I saw her reading a magazine last Sunday.She stared at the picture of
that handbag for quite a while.I’m sure she’ll love it.
W：Oh， you are such a caring boy.
M：Will Dad come back in time for Mom’s birthday？
W：I don’t think so. He’s still attending a meeting in New York
City.It won’t be over until this Saturday.But your mother’s birthday is
right on this Friday.
M：I’m afraid Mom will be disappointed.
W：But I believe your father has already prepared a surprise for her.OK.
It’s late.Time to go to bed.
M：OK， good night.
（Text 10）
M：Good evening， everyone. Tonight I’ll recommend a children’s
book called Hiznobyuti.The book was written by Claude Ponti.It is about
a boy named Hiznobyuti.He is not good-looking.His parents and brothers
and sisters always say， “He’s no beauty！”They say it so often that
Hiznobyuti thinks it is his name.Wherever he goes， only embarrassment
and shame await him. Later， Hiznobyuti hides himself away， working
on his inventions， until one day he receives a message from the stars.
After a fight with his family， Hiznobyuti decides to run away.
During a beautiful adventure， he learns the secrets of the universe： how
to communicate with trees and birds， how to wake up the sun， and how
to see himself for who he truly is！ When he returns from his journey，
Hiznobyuti’s family apologises for not understanding him. The book
costs $16.79.It is suitable for children aged from 5 to 9. Altogether there
are 35 pages. That’s all for tonight’s program. Thank you for your
listening.
第二部分 阅读（共两节，满分50分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳
选项。
A
Three Books for a More Honest View of Parents
Nowadays， it seems there are two ways to write about parenthood. I
am heartily sick of both. This year I’ve decided to hug books that are
inspiring and honest， yet do not avoid the pleasures of parenthood.
Life Among the Savages Shirley Jackson price：$15
Shirley Jackson， author of one of the most amazingly sinister novels
of all time and of the short story The Lottery， also wrote two charming
novels about raising her four children in an old farmhouse in rural
Vermont. In Life Among the Savages， Jackson’s humor is as thrilling as
her horror， and her children seem never to inspire in her anything worse
than fond exasperation （恼怒）.
A Blind Man Can See How Much I Love You Amy Bloom
price：$13.95
A Blind Man Can See How Much I Love You contains one of the most
absolute expressions of a mother’s love in fiction. Much of it takes place
in the waiting room of a gender-reassignment surgeon. It’s about a
woman who is determined to be the mother that her child needs her to be.
In this collection ordinary women rise to the occasion demanded by
motherhood. They make mistakes but they generally succeed in making up
for them.
Family Man Calvin Trillin price：$18
In his memoir （回忆录） Family Man， Calvin Trillin writes with
humor about his wife and daughters. He gives what I think is the single
most useful piece of parenting advice “Getting advice on the best way to
bring up children is like getting advice on the best way to breathe sooner or
later you’re probably going to forget it and go back to your regular old in-
and-out.” Trillin gives the impression of being the best kind of husband.
语篇解读：本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了三本关于父母之道的书
籍。
语篇解读：本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了三本关于父母之道的书
籍。
21. Which book tells a story of raising children in the countryside？
（ ）
A. The Lottery.
B. Family Man.
C. Life Among the Savages.
D. A Blind Man Can See How Much I Love You.
解析： 细节理解题。根据Life Among the Savages部分中的
Shirley Jackson， author of ...in rural Vermont.可知， Life Among
the Savages讲述了雪莉·杰克逊在乡下抚养孩子的故事。
22. What is Calvin Trillin’s Family Man all about？（ ）
A. A humorous mother.
B. An operation.
C. Offering advice.
D. Being a kind husband.
解析： 细节理解题。根据Family Man部分的第二句可知，卡
尔文·特里林的Family Man提供了育儿建议。
23. What do the three books have in common？（ ）
A. They share a theme.
B. They target the same audience.
C. They were written by the same author.
D. They were published in the same year.
解析： 细节理解题。通读全文可知，这三本书无论是关于在
乡下抚养孩子，还是关于母亲坚定不移的爱，还是关于家庭生活
的幽默思考，都以家人和亲人关系作为共同的主题。
B
When my daughter Sara was in the fifth grade， she came to me with
a problem. “Marcy hates me！” she cried “Because Kathy is my
friend， too. She wants me to be her friend and nobody else’s. You talk
to Marcy. You tell her that I want to be her friend， but I can have other
friends， too！”
Oh！ I looked at her for a few moments， wondering how I got into
this mess （困境）， when suddenly an idea came to me.
Picking up two baskets from the living room， I explained， “When
everyone is born， he or she has a little basket.This little one here is
yours. The big one is mine. As you grow，so does the basket. You can
see your little basket is inside mine because when you were born， there
were too many things you couldn’t do for yourself. I did everything you
couldn’t do on your own.”
She nodded.
“Well， as you grew older and began to do some things on your
own， I began placing a few more things in your basket. When you
learned to tie your shoes， that went in your basket.”
She said softly， “I can tie my own shoes.”
“Right. As you grow older， there will be more and more things
you must do on your own.” As I spoke， I gradually took her basket out
of mine and handed it to her. “You will finally carry your own basket
with things only you can do.”
She looked up at me and said， “I understand. There are some
things that I have to do by myself because they are in my basket.”
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。作者的女儿在处理和朋友之间的关
系时遇到了一个棘手的问题，作者用一种开导的方法鼓励女儿去自
己解决自己的问题。
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。作者的女儿在处理和朋友之间的关
系时遇到了一个棘手的问题，作者用一种开导的方法鼓励女儿去自
己解决自己的问题。
24. What did the author feel when she heard her daughter’s problem？
（ ）
A. Angry. B. Happy.
C. Proud. D. Helpless.
解析： 推理判断题。根据第二段内容可知，对于女儿的哭
诉，作者一时不知道怎么办，感到无能为力。由此可推知，当作
者听到女儿的问题时，她是感到无助的。
25. What was Sara’s problem？（ ）
A. She didn’t have a basket.
B. She couldn’t deal with her friendship.
C. She didn’t want her own basket.
D. Her mother was too hard on her.
解析：B 细节理解题。根据第一段内容可知，Sara遇到的问题是
Marcy讨厌她，因为Marcy只想要Sara做她一个人的朋友，即Sara
遇到的问题是不能合理地处理友谊（问题）。
26. What did the baskets in the passage refer to？（ ）
A. The gifts given by God when everyone is born.
B. Something that people use to keep vegetables.
C. The growing abilities as you grow up.
D. The friendship that needs repairing.
解析： 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段可知，作者把一个孩子
能独立做的事比喻成可放在篮子的东西。随着孩子的长大，自己
能独立做的事就越来越多，篮子就越来越大。由此可推知，文章
中提到的篮子指的是随着你的成长而增长的能力。
27. What can we infer from the passage？（ ）
A. Sara would talk to Marcy herself.
B. Sara wouldn’t make friends with Kathy.
C. Sara was too young to deal with anything.
D. Sara managed to persuade her mother to help her.
解析： 推理判断题。根据最后一段可知，Sara在作者的开导下
决定自己解决自己的问题。由此可推知，Sara可能会亲自和Marcy
谈话。
C
Young adults often have a lot to learn in school. However，
occasionally， the life skills needed for them to become successful outside
of school aren’t learned. This may be why the years after high school can
sometimes be the most uneasy and tense times for young adults.
Some may say that life skills are to be taught by their parents rather
than school， but that’s not exactly true. Some students don’t have a
parent figure to teach them the necessary knowledge needed. As a result，
they rely on school to provide them with those. This is why related courses
should be set up in high schools.
Over the course of history， students generally go to an educational
institution of some sort to find themselves spending their entire time
learning math and science， instead of what is required for real world —
communication， which is through behaviors and manners. Manners are
important when having a conversation with family， friends， teachers
perhaps or even employers.High schools should find a way to teach
manners as a way for students to have respect and be open-minded when it
comes to other individuals.
In addition， how to deal with finances is one of the major life skills
for students. For people， especially young people， to live in today’s
financial environment， knowledge of personal finance is a must. For
example， schools educating students about building credit scores and
keeping up with a credit card is helpful. However， educational
institutions do not spend a good amount of time talking about the topic of
money managing： paying taxes， mortgage， bills， insurance， etc. It
is time to extend financial knowledge by making personal finance a
required course at high schools and universities.
With the essential instructions of communication and financial
management provided to the young adults， they will be more successful
in their future lives.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了学校向学生传授生
活技能的必要性，学校应向年轻人提供沟通和财务管理的基本指
导，使他们在未来的生活中获得更大的成功。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了学校向学生传授生
活技能的必要性，学校应向年轻人提供沟通和财务管理的基本指
导，使他们在未来的生活中获得更大的成功。
28. What does the underlined word “those” in Paragraph 2 refer to？
（ ）
A. Life skills. B. Parent figures.
C. Subject courses. D. Adult experiences.
解析： 代词指代题。根据第二段第一、二句可知，有些人认
为生活技能应该由父母而不是学校教授，但有些学生不能得到家
长的教育。因此画线词所在句表示他们便会习惯性地依赖学校向
他们传授那些生活技能。those指代上文提到的life skills。
29. What does the author advise schools to teach students？（ ）
A. Skills of making money.
B. The communication ability.
C. The history of their country.
D. Ways to study math and science.
解析： 细节理解题。根据第三段和最后一段内容可知，作者
认为学校应该找到一种方法来教授礼仪，因为在现实生活中沟通
能力很重要，因此作者是在建议学校教学生沟通能力。
30. What can be inferred from Paragraph 4？（ ）
A. It is easy to survive in today’s financial environment.
B. Most of the students don’t need to build credit scores.
C. Students are lacking in instructions of financial management.
D. Educational institutions spend much time on money managing.
解析： 推理判断题。根据第四段最后两句可知，在财务管理
方面，教育机构为学生做得并不够，现在是时候通过将个人理财
作为高中和大学的必修课程来扩展金融知识了。由此可以推断
出，学生缺乏财务管理方面的指导。
31. What is the best title for the text？（ ）
A. What Have Students Learned in School？
B. Why Should Parents Teach Kids Life Skills？
C. How Can Students Behave Well in Daily Life？
D. Why Should Life Skills Be Taught in School？
解析： 标题归纳题。通读全文，尤其是根据第一段可知，学
校向学生传授生活技能是很有必要的。再由最后一段可知，生活
技能主要包括沟通能力的培养和财务管理的基本指导两方面，以
使学生获得更大的成功。因此D项（为什么要在学校教授生活技
能？）为文章的最佳标题。
D
Who needs friends？ According to most psychologists， we all do，
especially nowadays when so many other aspects of modern life are
changing. It seems that having friends keeps us both healthy and happy.
The number of TV series about groups of friends shows just how
important friendship is to us. Psychologist Dorothy Rowe says that many
of us now turn to our friends， instead of our families， for advice and
comfort. One woman named Rebecca she interviewed even told her that if
she had got to choose between her husband and her friend， she would
choose her friend.
Since our friends mean so much to us， it is not surprising that the
happiest marriages are also friendships. “Once the romantic stage of a
relationship has passed， it is friendship that holds people together，”
says Rowe. “If the couple do not make some changes， they will either
get tired of each other and break up or stay together and look for friendship
with others.”
For men， friendship is usually based on doing things together rather
than the private conversations that are typical of women friends. Men
share time and activities like building a business or playing football
together， but they don’t often share their feelings. Although many
women find their relationship with a husband or boyfriend is not enough，
many men say that their partner is their best friend. Even women who are
very happily married are likely to become very unhappy without a close
friend and can even find the break-up of a close friendship as painful as the
end of a marriage.
Lasting friendships can provide a lot of the same support that families
provided in the past， but the perfect situation is to have your family there
for you as well. Friendships and family relationships can both change，
but a friend will not consider you when making really important decisions
in the same way that a family member will.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了朋友的重要性。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了朋友的重要性。
32. The example of Rebecca in Paragraph 2 shows that some people
think .（ ）
A. one friend is more than enough
B. friends are just like their family
C. friends matter more than family
D. friends make them more comfortable
解析： 推理判断题。根据第二段可知，许多人寻求建议和安
慰时会选择朋友，而不是家人；Rebecca在选择丈夫和朋友的问题
上会选择朋友。由此可推测出，有些人认为朋友比家人更重要。
33. What can we learn from the third paragraph？（ ）
A. Couples tend to be friends in a good marriage.
B. Couples will have new friendship after they get married.
C. Friendship helps couples build healthy relationships.
D. Friendship holds couples together when love has passed.
解析： 推理判断题。根据第三段中Rowe说的话可推知，婚姻
中夫妻两人做彼此的朋友是婚姻长久之道。
34. What is the main difference between men’s and women’s
friendship？（ ）
A. Women often do things together with friends.
B. Men seldom talk to their friends about their feelings.
C. Women often talk about business with friends.
D. Men often talk to their friends about work and family.
解析： 细节理解题。根据第四段前两句可知，男性的友谊基
于共事，不太经常分享个人情感。
35. What can be inferred from the last paragraph？（ ）
A. Friendship cannot replace family relationships.
B. Friendship can last longer than family relationships.
C. Friendship and family relationships are both changeable.
D. Family members help you make better decisions than friends do.
解析： 推理判断题。根据最后一段第一句可知，虽然朋友能
够提供家庭般的支持，但家人最好也能在身边提供支持。由此可
推知，友谊不能取代家庭关系。
第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选
项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Raising teenagers can be both difficult and rewarding.They are
becoming young adults.Almost all teenagers will have some behavioral
outbursts （爆发） with their families during this period of life.36.
（ ） Here are some ideas that may create positive experiences for
teens and parents.
Have meals together.Mealtime is when we check in with each
other.37.（ ） Eating meals together offers a way for parents and
kids to share what is on their minds.It brings families closer by creating
trust and understanding to help guide children through the challenges of the
teen years.
38. （ ） As teens develop their own sense of independence， it
gets harder to find time to talk.Talk in the car together， when doing
dishes together， or any time you have a chance.Remember that no matter
how big their problems seem， what most teens want is love and
support.Help them connect with their families and communities.During
these years， help teens learn that their words and actions matter.39.
（ ） Others may find connection through spiritual communities or
from having more responsibilities at home.Connecting with families and
communities also helps keep teens safe from riskier activities.
Find time to have fun together！ What do you both enjoy？Playing
chess？Going to the ballet？Volunteering in your community？Take time
to have fun and enjoy each other’s company.No one wants the attention
of people they love to be focused only on what not to do.This is true for
teenagers， too.40.（ ）
A. Talk with your teen.
B. Never try to control your child.
C. Parents have a role in keeping their teens safe.
D. Relaxing together helps them feel loved and valued.
E. This can be hard to do with busy schedules， but it is important.
F. Some teens learn this by playing in music bands or team sports.
G. But strong relationships can help teens and their parents through hard
times.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了牢固的亲子关系可
以帮助青少年顺利度过叛逆期，并提出一些可以为青少年和父母创
造积极体验的建议。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了牢固的亲子关系可
以帮助青少年顺利度过叛逆期，并提出一些可以为青少年和父母创
造积极体验的建议。
36. G 空前一句提及了青少年的“叛逆期”，他们会与家人发生一
些行为上的冲突。设空处应呼应上文，继续讲述叛逆期，且提及如何
度过这一时期。G项中的hard times指“叛逆期”，并提出牢固的关系
可以帮助青少年和他们的父母度过困难时期，且在逻辑上与上文构成
转折。
37. E 根据段落主旨句Have meals together.可知，该段的核心是“一
起吃饭”，空后两句具体解释了家人一起吃饭对于青少年的重要性或
者意义。E项（这在繁忙的日程中可能很难做到，但这很重要）符合
语境，且E项中的This呼应上文，且but后的句子是下文的总结，与下
文构成解释关系。
38. A 设空处为该段主旨句。根据空后一句可知，随着青少年独立
意识的发展，找时间交谈变得越来越困难，需找机会聊天。由此可
知，A项（和你的孩子谈谈）符合该段主旨。
39. F 空后一句提到了其他人的做法，其他人可能通过心灵社区或在
家里承担更多的责任而找到联系。F项中Some与空后的Others相呼
应，并与下文构成并列关系，且F项中的this指代上文的their words and
actions matter。
40. D 本段首句提到了“共度欢乐时光”。空前两句提到了青少年
也不喜欢自己所爱的人只关注不该做的事情。因此设空处应讲他们喜
欢什么。D项（一起放松能让他们感受到被爱和被重视）符合语境，
D项中的Relaxing together呼应本段主题，且D项解释了青少年喜欢
“被爱”和“被重视”。
第三部分 语言运用（共两节，满分30分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文， 从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳
选项。
Marcus is a handsome and athletic kid.He plays tennis and 41
the state tournament every year.Marcus’s neighbour， Conrad， is
also 42 to compete， but he has rheumatoid arthritis （类风湿性关节
炎）.Although it pains him just to walk， he 43 painful days at
school walking to the sports field.He loves watching his school compete
so he doesn’t 44 a game.
Marcus has known Conrad since primary school.They’ve always
been 45 .He sees Conrad in pain and his 46 at not being able to
play sports.So， every day after school， Marcus 47 his classmates
to go to Conrad’s for a moment of discussion about the game
competition.The discussion is as 48 as a real high school game，
which makes Conrad forget the hurt.
Finally， the doctors found a new 49 to reduce the pain.Conrad
walks without much pain， and then begins running， but he still has to
learn the 50 of running.After a childhood of walking carefully and
taking 51 steps， Conrad has to train his walking like a kid again and
stay in shape.He pushes himself every day，building his lungs and doing
leg lifts repeatedly for his leg 52 .He knows what pain feels like， but
running for Conrad is no longer 53 .
To Conrad’s delight， he gets a chance to join the cross country
team.Conrad doesn’t win， not once， but Marcus is there， 54 for
him who always finishes in the middle of the competitors， breathing in
wind and waving his hands 55 .
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。Conrad因病不能参加体育运动，他
的朋友Marcus一直用自己的行动鼓励和帮助他。
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。Conrad因病不能参加体育运动，他
的朋友Marcus一直用自己的行动鼓励和帮助他。
41. A. gives up B. competes in
C. hears of D. breaks through
解析： 根据下文the state tournament every year可知，此处指
Marcus每年都参加州锦标赛。
42. A. able B. lucky C. eager D. calm
解析： 根据上下文的转折关系可知，Marcus的邻居Conrad也
渴望参加比赛。
43. A. bears B. counts
C. forgets D. escapes
解析： 根据上文he has rheumatoid arthritis （类风湿性关节
炎）可知，他却忍受着疼痛，走到运动场看比赛。
44. A. accept B. enjoy C. lose D. miss
解析： 根据上文He loves watching his school compete可知，他
喜欢看学校打比赛，所以他不会错过比赛。
45. A. strangers B. enemies
C. friends D. teachers
解析： 根据上文Marcus has known Conrad since primary school.
可推断，他们一直都是朋友。
46. A. surprise B. sadness
C. impatience D. tiredness
解析： 根据上文他渴望参加比赛可知，他不能参加体育活动
是悲伤的。
47. A. promises B. asks
C. drives D. forces
解析： 根据语境可知，Marcus会让他的同学们去Conrad家讨
论比赛。
48. A. long B. noisy
C. boring D. interesting
解析： 根据下文which makes Conrad forget the hurt可知，讨论
应该很有趣。
49. A. treatment B. excuse
C. period D. topic
解析： 根据语境可知，医生应该是找到新的治疗方法来减轻
Conrad的疼痛。
50. A. goal B. style C. speed D. skill
解析： 根据语境可知，Conrad的疼痛得以缓解，然后他开始
跑步，但他仍然需要学习跑步的技巧。
51. A. suitable B. serious
C. small D. comfortable
解析： 根据上文可知，Conrad患有类风湿性关节炎，走路时
会感到疼痛，所以应该是走小步。
52. A. strength B. show
C. shape D. advantage
解析： 根据上文doing leg lifts repeatedly可知，他这样做是为
了增强腿部力量。
53. A. relaxing B. beneficial
C. painful D. meaningful
解析： 根据上文Conrad渴望参加运动，但是因为类风湿性关
节炎不能参加体育运动，而现在可以运动了，他应该开心，所以
跑步不会让他感到痛苦。
54. A. queuing B. arguing
C. running D. cheering
解析： Conrad一次都没有赢，但Marcus总是兴奋地挥着双手
为他欢呼。根据上下文的转折关系可知，Marcus应该是为Conrad
欢呼。
55. A. excitedly B. curiously
C. anxiously D. actively
解析： 根据语境可知，他应该是兴奋地挥手。
第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正
确形式。
My wife and I moved to a small town along the coast.Our three-
bedroom， two-bath home can 56. （comfortable）
accommodate a total of about eight people， us 57.
（include）.
Here is the problem： We have some close friends who occasionally
come to visit.On one previous visit， they announced at dinner that a
close friend of 58. （they） would be “dropping by” the
following day.
The next day， their friend showed up with her two children， her
older sister and her dog.It was obvious 59. they intended to
stay with us， because they dragged in pillows from their car.
My wife welcomed them with open arms.We then set about
60. （try） to find space for them， many of whom slept
on the floor or the sofa.This brought 61. number of people
from 7 to 11， plus an additional dog.
When everyone left 62. the end of the three-day
holiday， my wife and I had a long discussion about what
63. （happen） and what we would do about it.We agreed
that our friends took advantage of us， and we decided 64.
（change） the visiting rules.
As a result， our friends’ visits are less frequent， which makes my
wife 65. （happy）.She wants to throw the new rules
out.I totally disagree.What is the way out？
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。作者的朋友们的来访打搅了作者一
家的生活，于是他改变了来访规则，结果朋友们来的次数减少，这
又让妻子不高兴，她想要改变规则，但作者不同意，事情陷入僵
局。
fortably 考查词形转换。修饰动词accommodate应用副词作状
语。故填comfortably。
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。作者的朋友们的来访打搅了作者一
家的生活，于是他改变了来访规则，结果朋友们来的次数减少，这
又让妻子不高兴，她想要改变规则，但作者不同意，事情陷入僵
局。
57. included 考查非谓语动词。句中已有谓语动词，此处是非谓语动
词，include与逻辑主语us之间是动宾关系，应用动词-ed形式，故填
included。
58. theirs 考查名词所有格。根据句意可知，句中使用了双重所有格
“限定词＋名词＋of＋名词所有格/名词性物主代词”，表示“……
的……”，应用名词性物主代词作宾语。故填theirs。
59. that 考查名词性从句。it是形式主语，设空处为主语从句，从句
句意完整，成分齐全。故填that。
60. trying 考查非谓语动词。set about doing sth开始做某事。故填
trying。
61. the 考查冠词。the number of ...“……的人数”。故填the。
62. at 考查介词。at the end of“在……的结尾”。故填at。
63. had happened 考查动词的时态。 “发生”这一动作发生在“进
行讨论”之前，表示“过去的过去”应用过去完成时。故填had
happened。
64. to change 考查非谓语动词。decide to do sth决定做某事。故填to
change。
65. unhappy 考查词形转换。设空处作使役动词make的宾语补足
语，用形容词，结合句意，应用其反义词unhappy。故填unhappy。
第四部分 写作（共两节，满分40分）
第一节（满分15分）
假定你是李华，最近与好朋友Mike吵架了，现在给外教Mr Green
写封邮件请求帮助。邮件内容包含：
1. 吵架的原因；
2. 吵架后的心情；
3. 请求Mr Green给出解决办法。
注意：1.写作词数应为80左右；
2. 请按如下格式作答。
Dear Mr Green，
Yours，
Li Hua
参考范文：
Dear Mr Green，
The reason why I am writing to you is that I quarreled with my good
friend Mike and I need your help now.
The quarrel occurred when we were discussing whether we should go
shopping last weekend. Because of the coming examination， he insisted
on studying at school while I opposed strongly. After the incident， we
have not chatted any more， causing me great depression. I am sincerely
sorry to see things going like this and I have been feeling frustrated ever
since.
I really don’t want to lose such a good friend. Could you please
offer me some effective and practical advice？ Looking forward to your
early reply.
Yours，
Li Hua
第二节（满分25分）
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构
成一篇完整的短文。
Jenny was the only child in her family. She had a quarrel with her
mother that afternoon and she ran out of the house angrily. She couldn’t
help weeping sorrowfully when she thought of the scolding from her
mother. Having wandered aimlessly in the street for hours， she felt a
little hungry and wished for something to eat. She stood beside a stand
（货摊） for a while， watching the middle-aged seller busy doing his
business. However， with no money in hand， she gave a sigh and had to
leave.
The seller behind the stand noticed the young girl and asked，
“Hey， girl， you want to have the noodles？”
“Oh， yes， but I don’t have money on me，” she replied.
“That’s nothing. I’ll treat you today，” said the man，
“Come in.”
The seller brought her a bowl of noodles， whose smell was so
attractive. As she was eating， Jenny cried silently.
“What is it？” asked the man kindly.
“Nothing. Actually， I was just touched by your kindness！” said
Jenny as she wiped her tears. “Even a stranger on the street will give me
a bowl of noodles， while my mother drove me out of the house. She
showed no care for me. She is so merciless compared to a stranger！”
Hearing the words， the seller smiled， “Girl， do you really think
so？ I only gave you a bowl of noodles and you thanked me a lot. But it is
your mother who has raised you since you were a baby. Can you
remember the times she cooked for you？ Have you expressed your
gratitude to her？”
Jenny sat there， speechless and numb with shock： she remembered
her mother’s familiar face and weathered hands. “Why didn’t I think
of that？ A bowl of noodles from a stranger made me feel grateful. Why
haven’t I thanked my mum for what she has done for me？”
On the way home， Jenny made up her mind to make an apology to
her mother for her rudeness as soon as she arrived home.
注意：1.续写词数应为150左右；
2. 请按如下格式作答。
Nearing the doorway， Jenny took a deep breath.
At that time， her mother came back and touched her hair
gently， which called her mind back.
参考范文：
Nearing the doorway， Jenny took a deep breath. When she pushed
the door open and entered the house， she found her mother was not in.
Tired and sad， she sank down into the sofa. “Where could my mother
be？” she wondered. “Was she still angry with me？” Again， the
scene of the quarrel appeared in her mind. She remembered her rudeness
to her mother. Realizing that all the scolding from her mother was due to
the fact that her mother really cared a lot about her， she felt rather
ashamed， tears rolling down her cheeks.
At that time， her mother came back and touched her hair gently，
which called her mind back. She raised her head and saw the familiar face
of her mother. “Here you come！ I’ve been looking for you，” she
said， fatigued but relieved. Jenny couldn’t help throwing herself into
her mother’s arms. “Mum， I’m so sorry and thank you for all you
have done for me.” she expressed her sincere apology and great
gratitude. Hearing this， her mother smiled， patting her back gently. It
dawned on Jenny that Mum’s love was invisible and intangible， but
always surrounded us.
