(共95张PPT)
Section Ⅱ Using language
1
重难语法·要攻克
目 录
3
课时检测·提能力
2
知识要点·须拾遗
重难语法·要攻克
掌握核心语法
1
复习：非谓语动词作定语、状语和补语
①...I saw the ground so fantastically carpeted.
②...wake up to find yourself in another quite different， ...
③...I can see the children flattening their noses against the
window， ...
④...flattened my nose against the cold window to watch the falling
snow ...
⑤...last year I was out of the country，sweating in a hot climate， ...
【我的发现】
1. 以上句子中，句①和句③为非谓语动词作 。
2. 句②和句④中的动词不定式和句⑤中的动词-ing形式在句中作
；句②中的动词不定式作 状语，句④中的动词不定式
作 状语，句⑤中的动词-ing形式作 状语。
3. 句④中的动词-ing形式作 ，并与所修饰的名词之间是
关系。
宾语补足语
状
语
结果
目的
伴随
定语
主
谓
一、非谓语动词作定语
1. 动词不定式作定语
（1）动词不定式作定语，须放在被修饰的名词或代词的后面。
动词不定式与所修饰词一般存在主谓关系、动宾关系或同
位关系。
The man to help you is Mr Smith.（the man will help you）
要帮助你的人是史密斯先生。
I have a lot of work to do.（to do a lot of work）
我有许多工作要做。
The ability to express an idea is as important as the idea itself.
（the ability＝to express an idea）
表达观点的能力与观点本身同等重要。
名师点津
动词不定式作定语，且与被修饰词有逻辑上的动宾关系时，动词不定
式须用及物动词；如果作定语的动词不定式是不及物动词，或者动词
不定式所修饰的名词或代词是动词不定式动作的地点、工具等，动词
不定式后需要加相应的介词。
He has no pen to write with.
他没有钢笔写字。
（2）当中心词为序数词、形容词最高级、the last、the only等或被这
些词修饰时，常用动词不定式作定语。
It’s agreed that the last person to arrive pays for the meal.
大家一致同意最后到的人付餐费。
（3）有些抽象名词后常用动词不定式作定语，常见的这类名词有
ability， chance， opportunity， plan， attempt等。
The exhibition is a unique opportunity to see her later works.
这次展览是观看她后期作品的难得的机会。
2. 动词-ing形式和过去分词作定语
（1）动词-ing形式和过去分词作定语往往具有形容词的性质。单
个的动词-ing形式和过去分词作定语经常置于所修饰词之
前；动词-ing短语和过去分词短语作定语经常置于被修饰词
之后。
He poured some boiled water into the bottle.
他往瓶子里倒了一些开水。
The house standing on the north bank of the river was built in
1955.
河北岸的那所房子是1955年建的。
（2）动词-ing形式作定语表示被修饰名词的某种用途或性能，常
置于被修饰词的前面。
a walking stick 拐杖
a sleeping bag 睡袋
a parking lot 停车场
cooking oil 食用油
（3）动词-ing形式（短语）作定语，与被修饰词之间存在逻辑上
的主谓关系，表示事物存在的状态或动作正在进行。
They built a way leading to the mountain.
他们修了一条通往山里的路。
（4）过去分词（短语）作定语，与被修饰词之间存在逻辑上的动
宾关系，表示被动或完成。
The players selected from the whole country are expected to
bring us honour in this summer game.
这些从全国选拔出来的运动员有望在今年夏天的比赛中为我
们带来荣誉。
【即时演练1】 单句语法填空
①Fearful that he might have an intention （harm） her，
Helen started to run.
②The airport （complete） next year will help
promote tourism in this area.
③It is up to the （regulate） authority to put the measures
into effect.
④The research （conduct） recently shows that WeChat is
the most popular social networking tool among Chinese netizens.
to harm
to be completed
regulating
conducted
⑤Henry ran one hundred metres， jumped over a 1.2-metre fence， and
held out his arms to catch the （fall） child.
⑥Fitness Magazine recently ran an article （title） “Five
Reasons to Thank Your Workout Partner”.
falling
titled
二、非谓语动词作状语
非谓语动词作状语时，非谓语动词的逻辑主语必须与句子的主语保持
一致。
1. 动词不定式作状语
动词不定式可以起副词作用，在句中作状语。动词不定式可以作目
的状语、结果状语、原因状语等。
（1）动词不定式作目的状语
动词不定式作目的状语，意为“为了……；以便于……”，
常用to do， in order to do， so/such as to do等结构。
We will continue our campaign to prevent air pollution to make
our sky blue again.
我们将继续我们防止空气污染的运动，以使我们的天空再次
蔚蓝。
To avoid any delay， please phone your order directly.
为避免延误，请直接打电话订购。
名师点津
强调动词不定式所表示的目的时，可用in order to或 so as to接动词原
形，但so as to不用于句首。动词不定式作目的状语可转换为 so that/in
order that或so ...that ...引导的目的状语从句。
He got up early in order to catch the first bus.
他早起是为了赶上第一班公共汽车。
The bus stopped so as to pick up passengers.
公共汽车停下来以便搭载乘客。
He worked very hard to pass the exam.
→He worked so hard that he could pass the exam.
→He worked hard so that/in order that he could pass the exam.
他努力学习是为了通过考试。
（2）动词不定式作结果状语
动词不定式作结果状语常表示出乎意料的结果，常用于下列结
构中：only to do， enough to do， too ...to do ...，
so/such ...as to ...
I arrived at the shop only to find I’d left all my money at home.
我到达商店却发现钱全落在家里了。
He is too tired to stay up any longer.
他太累了以至于不能再熬夜了。
（3）动词不定式作原因状语
动词不定式在某些表示喜、怒、哀、乐等的形容词后作原因状
语，用以说明产生这种情绪的原因。常见的这类形容词有
sorry， surprised， glad， disappointed， excited， happy等。
He was glad to be home again.
再次回到家里，他感到很高兴。
2. 动词-ing形式和过去分词作状语
动词-ing形式和过去分词作状语表示时间、原因、结果、条件、让
步、方式或伴随情况，相当于状语从句。
（1）作时间状语
Seen from the hill， our town looks very beautiful.
从山上看，我们的城镇看起来很美。
When crossing street， you must be careful.
过街时，你必须小心。
（2）作原因状语
Being ill， he didn’t go to school yesterday.
由于生病，他昨天没去上学。
（3）作结果状语（过去分词无此用法）
Fifteen million trees had been blown down by the high winds，
blocking roads， paths and railway lines.
1，500万棵树被狂风刮倒，把大小道路和铁路线都堵塞了。
名师点津
动词-ing形式作结果状语表示自然而然的结果。
（4）作条件状语
Given more time， we could have done it better.
如果给我们更多的时间，我们会做得更好。
（5）作让步状语
Warned of the danger， he still went skating on the thin ice.虽然
被警告有危险，但他仍然去薄冰上滑冰。
（6）作方式或伴随状语
Mary stood at the school gate waiting for Betty.
玛丽站在学校门口等贝蒂。
【即时演练2】 单句语法填空
① （keep） his students occupied with an indoor sport on
rainy days， James Naismith created basketball.
②He hurried to the school， only （find） nobody was there.
③ （study） volcanoes for many years， I am still
amazed at their beauty as well as their potential to cause great damage.
④ （locate） on the third floor beside the online reading
rooms， it can be accessible from 8 am till 9 pm throughout the
weekdays.
⑤She burst into tears， （release） all her sorrowful
emotions.
To keep
to find
Having studied
Located
releasing
三、非谓语动词作补语
1. 作宾语补足语
（1）动词不定式作宾语补足语
下列动词或词组后面要跟动词不定式作宾语补足语：forbid，
advise， allow， ask， beg， cause， encourage， expect，
persuade， prefer， force， get， intend， invite， remind，
require， teach， tell， want， depend on等。
You are not allowed to smoke here.
这里不允许你抽烟。
The doctor warned him not to eat too much meat.
医生告诫他不要吃太多的肉。
名师点津
下列动词（短语）接省略to的动词不定式作宾语补足语：一感
（feel），二听（hear，listen to），三让（let， have， make），四看
（see， notice， observe， watch），五帮助（help）。
（2）动词-ing形式和过去分词（短语）作宾语补足语
动词-ing形式和过去分词一般只在两类动词（短语）后作宾语补
足语：
①感觉、感官、意愿动词（短语）：see， observe， notice，
watch， look at， hear， listen to， smell， feel， find， want，
wish等。
②使役动词：have， make， get， leave， keep， set等。
When I opened the door， I found the ground covered by fallen
leaves.
当我打开门时，我发现地上覆盖着落叶。
I saw him entering the bank.
我看见他正走进银行。
I had my bike repaired yesterday.
昨天我把我的自行车给修了。
2. 作主语补足语
动词不定式作主语补足语时，同句子的主语是主谓关系。分词作主
语补足语时，说明主语的状态、动作等。
He was considered to have prospects.
人们认为他有前途。
Tom was caught sleeping in class.
汤姆被抓到在课堂上睡觉。
名师点津
带有宾语补足语的句子变为被动句时，原来的宾语成为被动句的主
语，原来的宾语补足语也就变成主语补足语。若宾语补足语为省略to
的动词不定式，句子变为被动句时，动词不定式符号to需还原。
Someone observed him enter the reading room.
→He was observed to enter the reading room.
有人看见他进了阅览室。
【即时演练3】 单句语法填空
①One day， while driving near her home， she saw a dog
（wander） on the road， clearly lost.
②I have the same 24 hours in a day as you do，but I have made specific
choices that allow me （make） the most of every day.
③I need a new passport so I will have to have my photograph
（take）.
④Fat and salt are very important parts of a diet.They are required
（process） the food that we eat.
⑤With so much work （do）， I have to stay behind after
work.
wandering
to make
taken
to
process
to do
知识要点·须拾遗
关注高频词汇
2
句型公式：what引导的感叹句
【教材原句】 ...what a pleasant time it is！ ……多么愉快的
时光啊！
【用法】
what和how引导的感叹句结构如下：
（1）What＋a/an＋形容词＋可数名词单数（＋主语＋谓语）！
What ＋形容词＋可数名词复数（＋主语＋谓语）！
What＋形容词＋不可数名词（＋主语＋谓语）！
（2）How＋形容词/副词＋主语＋谓语（＋其他）！
How＋形容词＋a/an＋可数名词单数（＋主语＋谓语）！
【品悟】 Look！What a magnificent horse it is！
看！好一匹骏马！
【写美】 微写作/一句多译
①最后，我们走出了困住我们的森林。多么难忘的经历啊！事实证
明，只要我们保持冷静，就总有办法摆脱困境。（主旨升华）
Finally， we went out of the forest that trapped us.What
！ It turns out that there’s always a way out of
trouble as long as we stay calm.
②我们从山顶上看到的景色多么优美啊！（情感描写）
→What ！
→How ！
an
unforgettable experience
a beautiful view we see from the top of the hill
beautiful a view we see from the top of the hill
add ...to ... 把……加到……中
【教材原句】 Now think of more words in each category and add them
to the boxes.
现在想想每个类别中还有没有其他的词，把它们添加到方框中。
【用法】
（1）add to 增添；加入
add up 把……加起来；有意义，有道理
add up to 合计，总共
add that ... 补充说
（2）addition n. 增加，添加；添加物
（3）additional adj. 额外的，附加的
【佳句】 Her inspiring speech added a lot of confidence to the
students.
她鼓舞人心的演讲给学生们增添了许多信心。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①The dictionary is out of date.Many new words have been added
the language since it was published.
②He is good at maths. In （add）， his physics is also
quite excellent.
to
addition
【写美】 补全句子
③Please and I’m sure they will
.
请把这些数字加起来，我确信总数会超过100。
add up these numbers
add up to
more than 100
课时检测·提能力
培育学科素养
3
维度一：基础题型练
单句语法填空
1. Technological innovation， （combine） with good
marketing， will promote the sales of these products.
2. When we got a call （say） she was short listed， we
thought it was a joke.
combined
saying
3. （help） us learn more efficiently， the teacher suggested
reading through our notes on a weekly basis.
4. Ordinary soap， （use） correctly， can deal with bacteria
effectively.
5. I find some students in this school often （punish） by
the teachers.
6. The inspector spoke slowly and clearly so that he could make
himself （understand）.
To help
used
punished
understood
7. The stadium （build） at present in our city is intended
for the coming Asian Games.
8. I will have my bike （repair） tomorrow.
being built
repaired
维度二：语法与写作
补全句子
1. ， we’re
enjoying a happy life.
由于采取了许多有效措施来防止污染，我们正享受着幸福的生活。
2. Our teachers try to raise their voice .
我们的老师尽量提高声音以便自己能够被学生听到。
3. He hurried to the booking office， only that all the
tickets had been sold out.
他匆忙赶到售票处，却被告知票都卖光了。
With many effective measures taken to prevent pollution
to make themselves heard
to be told
4. ， we had no difficulty in finding his
home.
有那个男孩带路，我们毫不费力地找到了他的家。
5. He was very funny and all the way.
他非常滑稽，一路上逗得我们笑个不停。
6. After a long day， I finally got back to my small room，
.
漫长的一天过后，我终于回到了自己的小房间，感到疲惫不堪。
7. ， he was in low spirits.
受到了老师的惩罚，他情绪低落。
With the boy leading the way
had us laughing
feeling
exhausted
Punished by his teacher
8. When he woke up， he found himself
.
当他醒来时，他发现自己被困在了一座荒岛上。
trapped on a deserted
island
维度三：语法与语篇
用所给单词的适当形式完成下面短文。
There once was a goat and a donkey 1. （live） on a
farm.The donkey worked harder so the farmer fed it with more food.With
the donkey 2. （give） more food， this made the goat so
jealous that it began 3.
living
given
（plot） against （谋划对付） the donkey.“Hey， donkey，”
the goat said one day，“I think you do too much work on this farm.You
carry such heavy things from morning to night.Why don’t you pretend
4. （get） sick so you can take a day off？” The donkey
thought the goat had a great idea.So the next morning， the donkey lay in
the stable on its side with its eyes 5. （close）.Right away，
the farmer called a doctor.After 6. （look） at the donkey，
the doctor said it needed a special medicine 7. （make） from
the heart of a goat.So the farmer killed his goat.
plotting
to get
closed
looking
made
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
Next to a tall building， the Muziekplein forest is one of seven such
special and very small forests in the Dutch city of Utrecht， and 144 tiny
forests across the Netherlands.It’s about the size of a basketball
court.Before it was planted， the area was a parking lot.
By the end of this year， according to IVN Nature Education， an
organization leading the country’s plan， there will be 200 such small
forests in the Netherlands.In many other countries， communities are
creating such small-area and native forests in response to big
environmental challenges.The forests can be in any shape， but must be at
least four meters wide based on IVN’s instructions.A tiny forest can be
built under a year.And it generally includes between 20 and 40 different
tree species.
Since the first forest was planted in the Netherlands in 2015， the
idea has become popular.Daan Bleichrodt launched IVN’s Tiny Forest
plan with the goal of making it easier for children to know the significance
of protecting environment.He thinks it is popular because people are
becoming more and more aware of major environmental challenges.It’s a
very practical way for people to do something positive considering climate
change and loss of biodiversity.
Data released by Wageningen University researchers in April shows
that the forests hold a range of animal and plant species.Across the 11 tiny
forests in a study， volunteers observed 636 animal species.They also
recognized 298 plant species in addition to the original species planted in
the areas.Daily maintenance of the forests sometimes involves obliterating
unwanted weeds， but in general， new plant species， such as
wildflowers， are allowed to grow， according to Bleichrodt.
Suzanne Valkman， head of the World Wildlife Fund （WWF）
Netherlands forests unit， said，“I was just amazed to see so many
species were recognized.” A WWF report in 2020 found that wildlife
populations in the Netherlands had decreased by half over the last three
decades.Butterflies， birds and reptile species were particularly hard
hit.Valkman said， “The Tiny Forest data shows that the small project
can improve biodiversity in cities.”
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了荷兰通过建造小森
林来改善城市环境。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了荷兰通过建造小森
林来改善城市环境。
1. What is the feature of the Muziekplein forest？（ ）
A. It has a small size.
B. It includes only rare species.
C. It has an interesting shape.
D. It is beside a parking lot.
解析： 细节理解题。根据第一段中的such special and very small
forests和It’s about the size of a basketball court.可知，Muziekplein
森林的特点是尺寸很小。
2. What’s the purpose of creating tiny forests in the Dutch city？
（ ）
A. To make a great profit.
B. To raise the awareness of kids’ education.
C. To set an example to other countries.
D. To help improve the local environment.
解析： 推理判断题。根据第三段内容可知，建造这样的小森林
是为了让孩子们知道保护环境的重要性，并为防止气候变化和物种
多样性流失做一些事情。由此推知，在荷兰的城市里建造小森林的
目的是帮助改善当地环境。
3. What does the underlined word “obliterating” in Paragraph 4
probably mean？（ ）
A. Checking. B. Protecting.
C. Removing. D. Discovering.
解析： 词义猜测题。根据画线词后面的unwanted weeds可知，
obliterating unwanted weeds表示“清除不要的草”。画线词与
removing同义。
4. Why did the author mention Suzanne Valkman’s words？（ ）
A. To describe the situation of wildlife species.
B. To show the effects of the Tiny Forest plan.
C. To explain the importance of biodiversity.
D. To encourage all of us to plant more trees.
解析： 推理判断题。根据最后一段Suzanne Valkman说的“看到
这么多物种被认出，我实在是惊讶”和“小森林的数据表明，这个
小项目可以改善城市的生物多样性”可知，作者提到Suzanne
Valkman的话是为了展示小森林计划的效果很好。
B
Seventeen-year-old Quinterro stood at the edge of the mountain pass
high above the city of Lima， Peru.He aimed his binoculars （双筒望远
镜） at the city below.Quinterro scanned the streets and buildings，
letting the binoculars bring the busy place into focus for him.
Lowering the binoculars， Quinterro looked back at his family.He
sighed as he thought of his life， day after day， watching the llamas （美
洲驼）.Operating a llama caravan （旅行队） wasn’t exciting ...
“Quinterro！”his older brother Ireneo’s voice interrupted his
thoughts.“I’ve told you a million times to pay attention！”
Quinterro aimed the binoculars toward the mountain pass only to see
that another caravan had reached the clearing.The new llamas smelled the
other animals and ran wildly.Quinterro watched as a girl of his age chased
after one of the jumpy animals.Quinterro and Ireneo led the llamas back to
the clearing.Quinterro glanced around until he spotted the innocent girl he
had been watching earlier.She seemed to be making friends with the
llamas， saying something to the animals in a gentle voice.
“My name is Marta，” the girl said as Quinterro
approached.Quinterro introduced himself.“Do you do this all the
time？” she asked.
“My family does.I help out during school breaks，” Quinterro
said.
Marta smiled，“I live in the city.The prospect here is so beautiful
from below.”
Quinterro stared at her， disbelieving what he had heard.
“The city looks so different from up here，” Marta said as she
looked down.
Quinterro took the binoculars from around his neck，“Try these.”
He passed the binoculars to Marta and then turned to look down at the
city.When not magnified （放大）， the city looked smaller and duller.
“I think they’re broken，” Marta said.
Curious， Quinterro reached for the binoculars and held them to his
eyes.The bushes in front of him were huge like green mountains.He
aimed the binoculars at the llamas， at the mountain pass， and then at his
family.Everything seemed bigger， closer， and more defined.He could
even see the geese in the yard.
Next， he aimed the binoculars at the city below.It was completely
out of focus.Quinterro adjusted the lenses （镜头）.With a smile， he
handed the binoculars back to Marta.“They’re not broken.” Quinterro
said.“It depends on how you look through them.”
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Quinterro通过望远
镜从不同的视角见到了不一样的风景。
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Quinterro通过望远
镜从不同的视角见到了不一样的风景。
5. What was Quinterro doing in Paragraph 1？（ ）
A. Searching for lost llamas.
B. Talking to his older brother.
C. Watching the llamas.
D. Looking at the city.
解析： 细节理解题。根据第一段中的He aimed his binoculars
（双筒望远镜） at the city below.可知，在第一段中Quinterro在看
城市。
6. What can be inferred about Marta？（ ）
A. She enjoyed being with animals.
B. She was scared by a jumpy llama.
C. She was a bit shy around new people.
D. She would love to operate a llama caravan.
解析： 推理判断题。根据第四段中的making friends with the
llamas及in a gentle voice可推断，Marta喜欢和动物在一起。
7. What did Quinterro want to show Marta by passing her the binoculars？
（ ）
A. How he looked after the llamas.
B. The details of the mountains.
C. Why the city seemed dull.
D. A clear sight of the city.
解析： 推理判断题。根据倒数第四段内容可知，他把双筒望远
镜递给Marta，然后转过身来俯视这座城市。如果不放大，这座城
市看起来更小、更沉闷。由此可知，Quinterro把双筒望远镜递给
Marta是想向她展示城市的清晰景象。
8. What is the best title for the text？（ ）
A. A Different View
B. An Unexpected Visitor
C. A Pair of Broken Binoculars
D. A Life-changing Mountain Trip
解析： 标题归纳题。综合全文内容尤其是最后一段中的It
depends on how you look through them.可知，文章主要讲述了
Quinterro通过望远镜从不同的视角见到了不一样的风景。因此A项
（不同的视角）为文章最佳标题。
C
High on the top of White Mountains of the US， the hard conditions
make it difficult for life to take root.But for a certain type of tree — and
for those who have travelled here to study it — this place is a perfect
place.
These bristlecone pines are the oldest individual trees in the
world.Researchers like Andy Bunn have come to learn from the
ancients.“It’s remarkable to sit here and have your hand on one of these
trees and know that it was growing when the pyramids were built，”
Bunn added.
“By studying samples from the trunks， it’s possible to discover
their hidden precise history.Each tree ring is like a time capsule of the
environment for that year from which it was formed，” said Matt
Salzer， a scientist at the University of Arizona’s Laboratory of Tree-
Ring Research.“And it contains dozens of information — chemical
information， the information on growth， and climate information.”
“If you’re trying to look at people in the past through time， tree
rings give you a way to do it in a way that makes sense in a human
life，” said Charlotte Pearson，a professor in the University of
Arizona.She first became fascinated by the bristlecone pines after reading
about an ancient volcanic eruption on the Greek island of Santorini.“It
blew my mind that trees on the other side of the world could possibly be
used to date this thing within a single year，” she said excitedly.
The oldest known living bristlecone pine is estimated to be over 4，
800 years old.For Bunn， the climate record written in the tree rings
offers guidance for how we might think about what’s happening in the
present as we plan for the future.“What we’re seeing increasingly is
that a lot of climate events that we are experiencing and living through
right now have no example in the paleoclimate （古气候） record，” he
insisted.“So， we are really moving into an unknown field.”
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了美国深山中生长的
一种松树。这是全世界最长寿的树种，其中最老的那棵树已经活了
超过四千八百年了。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了美国深山中生长的
一种松树。这是全世界最长寿的树种，其中最老的那棵树已经活了
超过四千八百年了。
9. Why did Bunn mention the pyramids in Paragraph 2？（ ）
A. To state the trees are very old.
B. To prove his discovery is important.
C. To attract readers’ attention.
D. To stress the hard living conditions of the trees.
解析： 推理判断题。根据第二段中的the oldest individual trees
in the world以及it was growing when the pyramids were built可知，提
到金字塔是为了说明这种松树非常古老。
10. What’s the third paragraph mainly about？（ ）
A. The result of the research.
B. The process of the research.
C. The method of the research.
D. The significance of the research.
解析： 段落大意题。根据第三段中的discover their hidden
precise history以及it contains dozens of information — chemical
information， the information on growth， and climate information可
知，研究这种树有很多益处。由此可知，第三段主要介绍了这项
研究的意义。
11. What does the underlined part “It blew my mind” in Paragraph 4
probably mean？（ ）
A. It puzzled me. B. It surprised me.
C. It defeated me. D. It disappointed me.
解析： 句意理解题。根据画线部分所在句的前一句可知，
此处是在介绍Charlotte Pearson教授对这种树着迷的相关情
况。再结合语境推测后边是说她对这种树着迷的原因。结合画
线部分所在句中的she said excitedly可知，B项与画线部分更
匹配，更符合语境。
12. What can we infer from the last paragraph？（ ）
A. The paleoclimate record is hard to find.
B. There are lots of unknown things about pines.
C. Studying the tree rings is important for climate research.
D. There were frequent occurrences of the extreme climate events.
解析： 细节理解题。根据最后一段第二句可知，写在年轮中
的气候记录为我们在计划未来时如何看待现在发生的事情提供了
指导。由此可知，研究树木年轮对气候研究很重要。
Ⅱ.完形填空
Natalie and Callie， both 13 years old， started raising monarch
butterflies for fun in 2020.
But after realizing the monarchs were an endangered species，
their 13 soon turned into a serious and passionate mission.
They learned that the population of monarch butterflies had 14
since the early 1990s， due to habitat 15 and the widespread use of
chemicals， which made the milkweed （马利筋） the
monarchs 16 for their main diet dangerous to eat.
So the girls teamed up with a national nonprofit group to plant a
native garden 17 for the monarchs.The garden grew organic
milkweed that 18 and kept the butterflies.To alert people to the
creature’s condition and help 19 the locals to sustain the monarch
population， they created an exhibition about the monarchs in the local
library.They also wanted to put up an educational sign in town， but
it 20 a lot.To cover the expense， they set up a stand at the farmers’
market to sell their 21 milkweed to people to plant.Although the
fundraising days were 22 ， they finally succeeded in earning enough
money with their hard work and people’s support.
The team has won the silver award for their 23 of taking care of
butterflies， but they are not 24 with their work.“Our next step is to
cut down on the use of 25 to guarantee a safe environment for the
monarchs，”said Natalie.In the award ceremony， their teacher
Brian 26 ，“I am so proud of them for their constant 27 .”
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了Natalie和Callie从养帝王
蝶的爱好到致力于保护帝王蝶的故事，她们的项目最终获奖且受到
好评。
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了Natalie和Callie从养帝王
蝶的爱好到致力于保护帝王蝶的故事，她们的项目最终获奖且受到
好评。
13. A. dream B. hobby
C. career D. decision
解析： 根据文章首句可知，Natalie和Callie以前是把养帝王蝶
作为一种爱好，但在意识到帝王蝶是濒危物种后，她们的爱好很
快就变成了一项严肃而具有强烈信念的任务。dream梦想；hobby
业余爱好；career事业；decision决定。
14. A. doubled B. faded
C. declined D. exploded
解析： 根据上文the monarchs were an endangered species可知，
由于种种原因，帝王蝶已经是濒危物种，数量应该是在减少。
double（使）加倍；fade逐渐消失；decline减少；explode爆炸。
15. A. management B. assessment
C. selection D. destruction
解析： 此处讲述帝王蝶数量减少的原因，帝王蝶栖息地遭到
破坏是其原因之一。management管理；assessment评估；selection
选择；destruction摧毁，破坏。
16. A. relied on B. kept off
C. broke down D. gave away
解析： 分析句子结构可知，the monarchs 16 for their
main diet为定语从句，修饰the milkweed，空处为定语从句的
谓语，此处指帝王蝶所依赖的主要食物是马利筋草。rely on依
赖；keep off与……保持距离；break down打破；分解；give
away泄露；赠送。
17. A. partly B. secretly
C. rarely D. specially
解析： 根据下文The garden grew organic milkweed可知，这个
本土花园种植着帝王蝶的主要食物马利筋草，因此是专门为帝王
蝶种植的本土花园。partly部分地；secretly秘密地；rarely很少；
specially专门地。
18. A. attracted B. protected
C. monitored D. enhanced
解析： 这个本土花园种植着帝王蝶的主要食物马利筋草，这
会吸引并留住帝王蝶。attract吸引；protect保护；monitor监视；
enhance改进，增强。
19. A. employ B. educate
C. force D. limit
解析： 根据下文they created an exhibition about the monarchs in
the local library可知，她们举办关于帝王蝶展览的目的是提醒人们
注意这种生物的现状，并帮助教育当地人维持帝王蝶的数量。
employ雇用；educate教育；force迫使；limit限制。
20. A. meant B. cost C. changed D. hurt
解析： 根据下文的To cover the expense和the fundraising days可
知，她们还想在镇上张贴一个教育标志，但这花费很大。mean意
味着；cost花费；change改变；hurt伤害。
21. A. dry B. medical
C. healthy D. wild
解析： 根据上文The garden grew organic milkweed可知，她们
种植的是有机的马利筋草，因此卖给人们种的马利筋草应该是健
康的。dry干燥的；medical医学的；healthy健康的；wild野生的。
22. A. pleasing B. light
C. long D. disappointing
解析： 根据下文they finally succeeded in earning enough money
with their hard work and people’s support可知，筹款并不顺利，持
续的日子很长。pleasing令人愉悦的；light明亮的；long漫长的；
disappointing令人失望的。
23. A. project B. concept
C. schedule D. assignment
解析： 她们为保护帝王蝶设立了一个花园，这是一个项目。
project项目；concept概念；schedule工作计划；assignment任务。
24. A. concerned B. connected
C. finished D. occupied
解析： 根据下文Our next step is ...可知，她们还有保护帝王
蝶的下一步计划，说明她们保护帝王蝶的工作尚未完成。be
finished with sth完成某事。
25. A. chemicals B. time
C. funds D. energy
解析： 根据第三段中的the widespread use of chemicals可知，
因化学制品的广泛使用，帝王蝶的生存环境不安全，所以此处表
示要减少化学品的使用，以保证帝王蝶拥有安全的环境。
chemical化学制品；time时间；fund基金；energy精力。
26. A. quoted B. continued
C. replied D. commented
解析： 根据下文的I am so proud of them for their
constant 27 .可知，这是她们的老师布莱恩对她们的评论。
quote引用；continue继续；reply答复；comment评论。
27. A. donations B. support
C. patience D. efforts
解析： 根据上文可知，二人为了保护帝王蝶，不仅给帝王蝶
种食物，做保护帝王蝶的宣传活动，还赚钱来实现目标。由此可
知，老师为她们的不断努力感到骄傲。donation捐赠；support支
持；patience耐心；effort努力。(共5张PPT)
UNIT 6 Nature in words
单元话题导入
本单元涉及的主题语境内容是不同文学形式中描写的自然，
介绍了不同作家笔下妙不可言的自然，包括Emily Dickinson的诗
歌、John Boynton Priestley 和Rachel Carson的散文、Charles
Dickens的小说等，旨在引导学生体会作者对自然的爱，更好地理
解人与自然的关系，树立欣赏和保护自然的意识，建立感恩自
然、珍视自然、关爱自然的信念。
看图感悟语境，选词填空。
sunshine， absolutely， recover， get ...ready for， by all means， be
full of， go back to
1. Birds sing among the trees， and begin to their nests
summer.
get
ready
for
2. Only by being close to nature can we our vitality and
our true selves.
3. I think the environment must be strictly protected
.
4. The days are warmer， for bright has come
again.Everything life and joy.
recover
go
back to
absolutely
by
all means
sunshine
is full of (共46张PPT)
Section Ⅳ
Writing a poem about nature
本单元的写作项目是写一首描绘自然的诗歌。
一、诗歌中常使用的修辞手法
1. 明喻
明喻是将两个不同的事物作比较，展示二者的相同之处。明喻一般
借助like或as这样的词来描绘相似之处。例如：
The mountains are like enormous shadows on the horizon.
群山就像地平线上巨大的阴影。
Her cheeks are red like a rose.
她的脸颊像玫瑰一样红。
2. 暗喻
暗喻是将两个不相关但具有某些共同特征的事物进行含蓄的、暗示
的或是隐含的比较。例如：
That test was a total breeze.
那次考试真是易如反掌。（breeze意为“微风”，也可以指代“轻
而易举的事”，因此，这句话表示那次考试并不难。）
3. 拟人
拟人是指把人类的情感、欲望、感觉、手势和语言等赋予人类
以外的事物。这些人类以外的事物可以是物体、事件、动植物
等。例如：
The sun was smiling.
太阳在微笑。
The branches waved in the wind.
树枝在风中摇曳。
二、英文格律诗较中文格律诗的优势
1. 以英语为依托，在世界范围内更易懂，受众群体更广泛。
2. 更容易表现和吸收其他文化元素。
3. 押韵方式更灵活，有abab， abba以及其他隔句押韵的方式。
三、写作方法指导
1. 进行发散思维：利用思维导图进行头脑风暴，构思自己要写的人、
物、景色。
2. 运用修辞手法：写作时要适当地运用比喻、拟人等修辞手法来突出
景物的特点与特征，要细致捕捉描写对象的颜色、形态、气味等，
把景物描写得更加生动、形象。
3. 采用灵活押韵：押韵方式有abab， abba以及其他隔句押韵的方式。
【佳作欣赏】
A Spring Morning
By Meng Haoran
This spring morning in bed I’m lying，
Not to awake till birds are crying.
After one night of wind and showers，
How many are the fallen flowers！
目 录
1
教材词汇·练续写
2
课时检测·提能力
教材词汇·练续写
体现学以致用
1
动作
描写 insist v.坚称，坚决认为；坚持
flush v.（使）发红；脸红
bend v.变弯曲
sweep v.吹过，掠过；打扫
enhance v.改进；增强
ban v.禁止，取缔
pile v.堆放，摞起
tremble v.颤抖，发抖
人物
描写 puzzled adj.困惑的，无法理解的
passionate adj.具有强烈信念的
elegance n.优美；简洁
elegant adj.优美的
gentle adj.轻柔的；温和的
gently adv.柔和地
环境
描写 bloom v.开花
wheat n.小麦
prospect n.开阔的景观，景色
请从以上语料中选择合适的词汇，并用适当的过渡词完成下
面语段。
在过去的两年里，因为我一直保持着冠军的地位，所以我被选中
参加比赛。我的老师坚持让我为比赛而练习。我撒谎说：“我喉咙有
点痛。”我甚至告诉Sara女士不要担心，因为我对任何事情都不困
惑。然而，当我走上舞台时，我的手掌大量出汗，声音颤抖。最终，
我走下舞台，羞愧得脸红。我对Sara女士说：“我本应该练习以提高
我的能力。” 她低下头，温柔地告诉我，为一切做好充分的准备是很
重要的。
Having held the championship for the past two years， I was
chosen to participate in the competition.My teacher insisted that I practice
for the contest.“I have a bit of sore throat，” I lied.I even told Ms Sara
not to worry as I was not puzzled about anything.However，when I
stepped on the stage，my palms sweated heavily and my voice
trembled.Finally，I walked off the stage and flushed with shame.“I
should have practiced to enhance my ability，” I said to Ms
Sara.Bending her head， she gently told me that getting well prepared for
everything was of great importance.
课时检测·提能力
培育学科素养
2
Ⅰ.完形填空
On an early summer day in the fascinating landscape of Jiulong Peak
Reserve， deep in Anhui Province， Du Minghui， working in the
reserve， was taking a group of 20 students on a study 1 .With the
symphony of birdsong 2 through the air， they went on the journey，
winding their way through the forest to 3 the secrets and wonders of
wildflowers and trees.
The tours primarily 4 nature education.They aim to allow
children to gain a profound understanding of nature by acquiring
knowledge of the animals and plants in the 5 .Throughout the tour，
students have the opportunity to acquire essential 6 skills in the
wild， such as learning to tie knots and 7 simple stretchers （担
架）.
In recent years， the reserve has strengthened partnerships with
scientific institutions， making use of its advantages to develop 8
tours and ecotourism.During the first three days of June， Du and his
colleagues 9 three groups of students.With summer vacation
approaching， they 10 a flood of children to appreciate the appealing
beauty of nature.
The 11 in study tours is closely linked to the 12 environment
of the mountains.In the past four years， the reserve has captured nearly
350，000 13 of wild animals.With the environment becoming
better， people are 14 to witness the return of animal species that had
been 15 for years.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。安徽省九龙峰自然保护区通过加强
与科研机构的合作，利用其优势发展教育旅游和生态旅游，让学生
了解自然。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。安徽省九龙峰自然保护区通过加强
与科研机构的合作，利用其优势发展教育旅游和生态旅游，让学生
了解自然。
1. A. schedule B. task
C. tour D. experience
解析： 根据下文they went on the journey可知，这是一个由20名
学生组成的游学团。schedule时刻表；task任务；tour旅行；
experience经历。
2. A. playing B. echoing
C. releasing D. composing
解析： 根据through the air可知，鸟的叫声在空中回响。play
玩；echo重复；回响；release释放；compose创作。
3. A. keep B. leak C. spread D. unlock
解析： 根据the secrets and wonders of wildflowers and trees可
知，此处指通过这次游学旅程，发现野花和树木的秘密和奇迹。
keep保持；leak泄露；spread传播；unlock打开；发现。
4. A. center around B. rely on
C. cope with D. take over
解析： 根据下文They aim to allow children to gain a profound ...
the animals and plants可知，这次游学主要以自然教育为中心。
center around以……为中心；rely on依赖；cope with应付，处理；
take over接管。
5. A. zoos B. mountains
C. villages D. cities
解析： 此处指通过了解山上的动物和植物，让这些学生对自然
有一个深刻的了解。zoo动物园；mountain山脉；village村庄；city
城市。
6. A. writing B. weaving
C. survival D. withdrawal
解析： 根据skills in the wild， such as learning to tie knots
and 7 simple stretchers可知，这些技能，对于人们在野外生存
是必要的。writing写作；weaving编织；survival生存；withdrawal取
款；撤回。
7. A. lifting B. building
C. sending D. borrowing
解析： 根据learning to tie knots and可知，这里指学习打结和搭
建简单担架的技巧。lift举起；build建造；send发送；borrow借用。
8. A. recreational B. commercial
C. educational D. medical
解析： 根据上文The tours primarily 4 nature education.可
知，这里指保护区加强与科研机构的合作，利用其优势发展教育旅
游。recreational娱乐的；消遣的；commercial商业的；educational
教育的；medical医疗的。
9. A. hosted B. assessed
C. sponsored D. rewarded
解析： 根据上文Du Minghui， working in the reserve， was
taking a group of 20 students on a study 1 可知，在游学活动中，
杜作为领队带领孩子，所以此处指他们接待了三组学生。host举
办；作为主人组织（聚会）；assess评定；评估；sponsor发起；赞
助；reward奖励。
10. A. persuade B. anticipate
C. require D. allow
解析： 此处指他们预想会有很多学生来参加游学活动。
persuade说服；劝说；anticipate预感；期望；require要求；
allow允许。
11. A. contest B. prejudice
C. reform D. boom
解析： 根据上文a flood of children to appreciate the
appealing beauty of nature可知，参加游学的学生数量很多，
说明游学活动在日益繁荣。contest竞争；prejudice偏见；
reform改革；boom繁荣。
12. A. improved B. mixed
C. disturbed D. exploited
解析： 根据下文With the environment becoming better可知，游
学团的兴起与山区环境改善密切相关。improved改善的；mixed混
合的；disturbed烦恼的；心神不安的；exploited开发过的。
13. A. feelings B. images
C. sounds D. shapes
解析： 根据captured nearly 350，000可知，此处指拍摄了
350，000张野生动物的照片。feeling情感；image形象；图像；
sound声音；shape形状。
14. A. confused B. moved
C. delighted D. shocked
解析： 根据下文witness the return of animal species可知，在人
们看到好多年不见的动物又出现在保护区里时，心情自然是高兴
的。confused困惑的；moved感动的；delighted高兴的；shocked震
惊的。
15. A. free B. diverse
C. extinct D. absent
解析： 参见上题解析。free自由的；diverse多样的；extinct灭
绝的；absent缺席的；不存在的。
Ⅱ.语法填空
Over the years， human activities have unintentionally caused great
damage to the environment， leading 16. climate change，
global warming， pollution， and many more issues.Therefore，
protecting the environment has become an important yet critical challenge
for the human race.It is high time for us 17. （repair） the
environment.But how？One of the solutions to these environment-related
issues is nanotechnology.
Nanotechnology is a branch of science and technology
18. deals with dimensions of less than 100
nanometers.19. concept was discovered in 1959 by Dr
Richard P. Feynman， and the term nanotechnology
20. （coin） in 1974 by Norio
Taniguchi.Nanotechnology can be used across all the other science
21. （field）， such as chemistry， physics，
engineering， and biology.It is even used to reduce and prevent damage
and repair the environment.
Nanotechnology has the potential to have a（n） 22.
（significance） impact on the environment.For example， it can help us
to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.Methods for the separation of carbon
dioxide from gasses are 23. （extreme） expensive and not
competitive for large-scale applications.However， nanomaterials can
work in the same yet cost-effective way without even 24.
（produce） additional compounds （化合物）.
Today， nanotechnology is becoming more and more
real.Nanotechnology can cause positive changes to air quality， water
quality， and sustainable （可持续的） energy 25.
（generate）， and help us to repair the environment and save it.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了解决环境问题的途径之
一——纳米技术。
16. to 考查介词。lead to表示“导致”。
17. to repair 考查非谓语动词。it is high time for sb to do sth表示“某
人早就应该做某事”，故填to repair。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了解决环境问题的途径之
一——纳米技术。
18. that/which 考查定语从句。设空处引导定语从句，指代先行词a
branch of science and technology，且在从句中作主语，故填
that/which。
19. The 考查冠词。“设空处＋concept”特指上文提到的
Nanotechnology，应用定冠词，故填The。
20. was coined 考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。the term
nanotechnology与coin之间为被动关系，且根据空后的in 1974 可知，
设空处应用一般过去时，故填was coined。
21. fields 考查名词的单复数。field是可数名词，表示“领域”，且
前面有all the other修饰，故填其复数形式fields。
22. significant 考查形容词。设空处作定语，修饰impact，表示“重
大的”，应用形容词形式，故填significant。
23. extremely 考查副词。设空处作状语，修饰形容词expensive，应
用副词，表示“非常”，故填extremely。
24. producing 考查非谓语动词。设空处作介词without的宾语，应用
动词-ing形式，故填producing。
25. generation 考查名词。“sustainable （可持续的） energy＋设空
处”与air quality和water quality并列作介词to的宾语，故填名词
generation。
Ⅲ.读后续写
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构
成一篇完整的短文。
（2024·山东潍坊高二上期末）
Swim Buddies
I leaned over the side of the boat and stared at the clear blue
water.This was my last chance， I thought.“I hope you find a green
turtle （乌龟） today， Alexa， and realize your dream of swimming
with it.” Dad said， as if reading my thought.“Me， too，” my
brother， Jonah， said.“I want to see one， too！”
I lifted my head up， turned toward Jonah， and glared.Why did he
always insist on following me everywhere， doing everything I did？
Make your own friends.I wanted to scream at him.Find your own green
sea turtle！ But I said nothing.Ever since Jonah was a little kid and they
discovered he acted so differently because he had autism （自闭症）， I
had been trained to show understanding for him， trained to put up with a
lot， including his shouts at the top of his lungs.
“We’ll stop here， and if we are lucky enough to see turtles，”
Father said， “remember not to get too close， or they will be scared
away.Do the ‘dead man’s float’ and wait.If they’re curious
enough， they’ll check you out.”
Jonah said — too loudly， of course， so everyone on the boat could
hear him — “That turtle sounds just like me.It wants to be friends but
doesn’t know how， like me.I really， really， really want to see one，
Dad.”
Putting the mouthpiece into my mouth， I dived into the water.I
swam in a different direction and searched the seafloor.Suddenly， I saw
a huge green turtle chewing on the seaweed.Excited as I was， I did the
dead man’s float， lying as still as possible.“Come on， buddy （伙
伴）.” I said to myself， “Come swim with me！”
As I watched that lonely turtle， I couldn’t help but think of
Jonah’s words about friends — Jonah didn’t have friends.He
functioned well enough to be in a regular class， but he was still strange
enough that the other kids stayed away from him.This turtle might be the
only one we could find today.And I knew that Jonah had got his heart set
on seeing one， just like I did.Even though Jonah made my life really
hard， I understood how he felt.I swam to Jonah.
注意：1.续写词数应为150左右；
2. 请按如下格式作答。
Together， we swam back toward my turtle.
Emerging from the water， Jonah shouted，“The turtle is our
friend now！”
参考范文：
Together， we swam back toward my turtle.We stopped.I went into
dead man’s mode and Jonah followed.Silently， we watched it eat.And
finally， the turtle began to move up toward the surface， toward us.We
moved apart as the turtle broke the surface right between us.It took a
breath， then slowly swam away.Jonah and I swam along on either side of
the turtle for several minutes.I almost couldn’t believe it， I actually
swam with a green sea turtle！ My dream came true.
Emerging from the water， Jonah shouted，“The turtle is our friend
now！” Instead of embarrassment at his shouting， I smiled at my
brother.“Sure，” I agreed.“Wouldn’t it be nice if it was always so
easy to make friends？” Jonah was too excited to hear my question.But
my dad heard me and smiled.“Thank you， Alexa，” he said.I
shrugged.Sure， whatever， for a few minutes today， my brother and a
turtle and I were swim buddies， and that was sure to become an awesome
memory — maybe not for the turtle， but definitely for Jonah and me.(共109张PPT)
Section Ⅰ
Starting out & Understanding ideas
1
篇章助解·释疑难
目 录
2
文本透析·剖语篇
4
课时检测·提能力
3
核心知识·巧突破
篇章助解·释疑难
力推课前预习
1
First Snow
Mr Robert Lynd once said of Jane Austen’s characters①： “They
are people in whose lives a slight② fall of snow is an event.” Even at the
risk of③ appearing to this fair and witty④reviewer⑤ as another Mr
Woodhouse， I must insist⑥ that last night’s fall of snow here was an
event.[1]I was nearly as excited about it this morning as the children，
whom I found all looking through the window at the magic outside and
talking away⑦ as excitedly as if Christmas had suddenly come round⑧
again. [2]The fact is， however， that the snow was as strange and
fascinating⑨ to me as it was to them.
[3]It is the first fall we have had here this winter， and last year I was out
of the country， sweating⑩ in a hot climate， during the snowy season，
so that it really does seem an age since I saw the ground so fantastically
carpeted .
[1]whom引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词the children；as if
引导方式状语从句。
[2]that引导表语从句；as引导比较状语从句。
[3]we have had here this winter为省略了关系代词that的定语从
句，修饰先行词the first fall；动词-ing短语sweating in ...作伴随状
语；so that引导结果状语从句；since引导时间状语从句。
The first fall of snow is not only an event but it is a magical
event.You go to bed in one kind of world and wake up to find yourself in
another quite different， and if this is not magic， then where is it to be
found？ The very secrecy and quietness of the thing makes it more
magical.
When I got up this morning the world was a cold place of dead white
and pale blues.[4]The light that came through the windows was very
strange， and it made the familiar business of splashing and shaving and
brushing and dressing very strange too. Then the sun came out ， and by
the time I had sat down to breakfast it was shining bravely and flushing
the snow with delicate pinks.The dining-room window had been
transformed into a lovely Japanese print.The little plum tree outside，
with the faintly flushed snow lining its branches and artfully disposed
along its trunk， stood in full sunlight.
An hour or two later everything was a cold sparkle of white and
blue.The world had completely changed again.The little Japanese prints
had all disappeared.I looked out of my study window， over the
garden， the field， to the low hills beyond， and the ground went on and
on， the sky was thick grey， and all the trees so many black and
threatening shapes.There was indeed something curiously disturbing
about the whole prospect .[5]It was as if our kindly countryside， close
to the very heart of England， had been turned into a cruel grassland.At
any moment， it seemed， a body of horsemen might be seen breaking
out from the black trees， so many weapons might be heard and some
distant spot of snow be reddened .It was that kind of landscape .
[4]本句为and连接的并列句；that引导定语从句，修饰先行词
The light。
[5]as if引导表语从句，且as if引导的从句使用了虚拟语气。
Now it has changed again.The glare has gone and no touch of the
disturbing remains .But the snow is falling heavily， in great soft flakes
， so that you can hardly see across the shallow valley， and the roofs
are thick and the trees all bending ， and the weathercock of the village
church， still to be seen through the grey loaded air ， has become some
creature out of Hans Andersen.From my study， which is apart from the
house and faces it， I can see the children flattening their noses against
the window， and there is running through my head a rhyme I used to
repeat when I was a child and flattened my nose against the cold window
to watch the falling snow：
Snow， snow faster：
White alabaster！
Killing geese in Scotland，
Sending feathers here！
（Adaptation from First Snow by John Boynton Priestley）
【读文清障】
①character n.人物
②slight adj.小的，轻微的
③at the risk of冒着……的风险
④witty adj.机智的；言辞诙谐的；巧妙的
⑤reviewer n.评论家
review v.评论
⑥insist v.坚称，坚决认为
insist on坚持
⑦talk away不停地说
⑧come round再度发生，再次出现
⑨fascinating adj.迷人的
fascinate v.迷住，深深吸引
fascination n.魅力；入迷
⑩sweat v.出汗；流汗
carpet v.把……厚厚地覆盖
wake up醒来，唤醒
secrecy n.保密，秘密状态
shaving n.刮胡子
come out 出来，出现
flush v.（使）发红
delicate adj.柔和的；淡雅的
transform ...into ...把……转变成……
faintly adv.微弱地；模糊地
dispose v.排列，布置
sparkle n.闪耀，闪光
study n.书房
threatening adj.恐吓的，威胁的
prospect n.开阔的景观，景色
spot n.斑点
redden v.（使）变红
landscape n.风景，景色
glare n.刺眼的强光
remain v.继续存在
flake n.小薄片
shallow adj.浅的
bend v.变弯曲
the grey loaded air灰蒙蒙的空气
flatten v.（使）变平，把……弄平
rhyme n.儿歌，童谣
goose n.[pl.geese]鹅
【参考译文】
初雪
罗伯特·林德先生曾这样评论过简·奥斯汀笔下的人物：“在这些
人的生命里，场场小雪皆是大事。”在这位公正睿智的评论家面前，
即便是冒着让自己看起来像伍德豪斯先生那样的风险，我也得坚持
说：“昨晚这儿的那场雪是件大事。”对于这场雪，我今早近乎像孩
子们那样兴奋。我发现孩子们在透过窗子看着外面奇妙的世界，兴奋
地说个不停，就像圣诞节突然又要来了一般。事实上，这场雪于我而
言，也是同样的奇异，同样的迷人。这是今年冬天我们在这里的第一
场雪，而在去年的雪季，我身在异国，在酷热的天气里汗流不止，所
以离我上次欣赏到这银装素裹的世界，着实过了些时日了。
这场初雪不仅是一件大事，而且还是一件具有魔力的大事。入睡
时，世界是一个模样，醒来则是完全不同的另一番模样，若非有魔
力，如何才能这般？神秘，悄然，这给雪又添了几分魔力。
今早我起床时，世界是一片寂然的白色与浅淡的蓝色，到处清清
冷冷。窗子透进来的光线很是怪异，使得洗脸、刮胡子、刷牙、穿衣
服这些熟悉的日常行为也显得离奇古怪。接着太阳出来了，等到我坐
下来吃早餐时，太阳的光彩已是绚烂夺目，给雪地添了一抹柔和的粉
红色。餐厅的窗户成了一幅可爱的日本版画。在阳光的普照之下，屋
外的李子树的树干和枝丫被淡粉的积雪精致巧妙地装点着。
一两个小时过后，一切都闪着或白或蓝的微光。世界又彻底改变
了模样。小小的日本版画都消失不见了，我从书房看向窗外，越过花
园、田野，再望向远处低矮的小山，沿着不断向前延伸的地面望去，
天空成了厚重的灰色，所有的树木都显出一副黑黢黢和凶神恶煞的样
子。整个景象确实会给人带来一种奇怪的、不安的感受。就好像我们
这个靠近英格兰中心位置的亲切小乡村变成了暴躁的草原；仿佛随时
可能看见一群骑兵从黑黝黝的树丛中冲出，可能听见武器的交错响
声，最后好像看见远处的白雪一点点被血液染红。这幅景象就是给人
这种感觉。
现在，一切又变了。炫目的日光已然消失，也不再有那种紧张不
安感。大片柔软的雪花铺天盖地地飘落，遮挡了你的视线，让你几乎
看不到浅浅的山谷，屋顶上存了厚厚的雪，树木被压得弯下腰来，村
庄教堂的风信鸡在灰蒙蒙的空气中依稀可见，像是从安徒生童话里走
出来的活物。我的书房是和房子独立开来的，书房在房子的对面。从
书房看去，可以看到孩子们把鼻子抵在窗户上看雪的样子，我的脑海
里出现了一首儿歌，那是我小时候将鼻子抵在冰凉的窗户上看雪时会
一直重复哼着的歌：
下雪吧，下快一点吧：
石膏一样的雪白！
在苏格兰宰些鹅，
把雪白的羽毛送到这儿来吧！
（改编自约翰·博因顿·普里斯特利的《初雪》）
文本透析·剖语篇
助力语篇理解
2
第一步：析架构理清脉络
Read the passage quickly and then fill in the blanks.
第二步：知细节明察秋毫
Read the passage carefully and choose the best answers.
1. What does “They” in Paragraph 1 refer to？（ ）
A. Mr Robert Lynd and Jane Austen.
B. Jane Austen’s characters.
C. Mr Robert Lynd and his friends.
D. People living in my hometown.
2. How did the writer find the first fall of snow here？（ ）
A. Magical. B. Quiet.
C. Strange. D. Common.
3. What happened to the dining-room window？（ ）
A. It was flushed with delicate pinks.
B. It became a lovely Japanese print.
C. It was covered by the faintly flushed snow.
D. It was artfully disposed in full sunlight.
4. What made the writer hardly see the shallow valley clearly？（ ）
A. The grey sky.
B. The white and blue light.
C. The falling great flakes.
D. The bending trees.
5. What kind of style does this passage belong to？（ ）
A. A scenery essay.
B. A story.
C. An argumentative writing.
D. A letter.
第三步：拓思维品质提升
Discuss the following questions with your partner.
1. How should humans treat nature？
We， humans， are also a part of nature， but we tend to distinguish
ourselves from nature and do the things， which may harm
nature.Therefore， respect nature and its resources， show some
compassion towards it.It is the responsibility of a human being to
protect nature.We， as humans， should refrain from doing any harm
to nature if we need to provide a good natural environment to the future
generations.Just as Charles Darwin puts it， “Everything， what is
against nature， will not last for long.”
2. What do you think of the beauty of nature？
When I think about the beauty of nature， the first thing that comes
to my mind may be greenery.But the beauty of nature is more than the
greenery.Everything I feel and see around， including mountains，
forests， rivers， birds， plants， animals， air， etc.— all are a part
of the beauty of nature.
第四步：品语言妙笔生辉
1. Read the passage carefully and find the sentences describing the
landscape.
（1）When I got up this morning the world was a cold place of dead
white and pale blues.
（2）The little plum tree outside， with the faintly flushed snow
lining its branches and artfully disposed along its trunk， stood in full
sunlight.
（3）But the snow is falling heavily， in great soft flakes， so that
you can hardly see across the shallow valley， and the roofs are thick
and the trees all bending， and the weathercock of the village church，
still to be seen through the grey loaded air， has become some creature
out of Hans Andersen.
2. Read the passage carefully and find the sentences using similes or
metaphors.
3. Read the passage carefully and find the sentence using personification.
（1）The dining-room window had been transformed into a lovely
Japanese print.
（2）It was as if our kindly countryside， close to the very heart of
England， had been turned into a cruel grassland.
Then the sun came out， and by the time I had sat down to breakfast
it was shining bravely and flushing the snow with delicate pinks.
第五步：析难句表达升级
1. I was nearly as excited about it this morning as the children， whom I
found all looking through the window at the magic outside and talking
away as excitedly as if Christmas had suddenly come round again.
句式分析 本句为主从复合句。主句为I was nearly as excited ...as
the children，其中使用了 结构；whom引导
从句，修饰先行词 ；as if引导
从句。
自主翻译
as ...as ...
非限
制性定语
the children
方式状
语
对于这场雪，我今早近乎像孩子们那样兴奋。我发现
孩子们在透过窗子看着外面奇妙的世界，兴奋地说个不停，就像圣
诞节突然又要来了一般。
2. It is the first fall we have had here this winter， and last year I was out
of the country， sweating in a hot climate， during the snowy season，
so that it really does seem an age since I saw the ground so fantastically
carpeted.
句式分析 we have had here this winter为省略了关系代词 的
定语从句；sweating in a hot climate为动词-ing短语作伴随状语；so
that引导 从句，在此从句中，since引导
从句。
自主翻译
that
结果状语
时间状语
这是今年冬天我们在这里的第一场雪，而在去年的雪
季，我身在异国，在酷热的天气里汗流不止，所以离我上次欣赏到
这银装素裹的世界，着实过了些时日了。
核心知识·巧突破
探究课堂重点
3
Part Ⅰ 核心词汇集释
inspector n.检查员，巡视员
【教材原句】 Priestley wrote many successful articles， essays，
novels and plays， but is best remembered for his play An Inspector
Calls.
普里斯特利写了许多成功的文章、散文、小说和戏剧，但他因他的戏
剧《侦探来访》而成名。
【用法】
（1）inspect v. 检查；视察
inspect sb/sth for sth 因某物而检查某人/某物
（2）inspection n. 检查；视察
on closer inspection 经进一步检查
【佳句】 He worked as an inspector in a factory when young.他年轻
时在一家工厂当检查员。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①Education officials have been using another two vehicles to inspect
schools structural damage.
②On closer （inspect）， the painting exposes serious
social problems.
③All the passengers are to （inspect） before boarding
the subway.
for
inspection
be inspected
insist v.坚称，坚决认为
【教材原句】 ...I must insist that last night’s fall of snow here was
an event.
……我也得坚持说：“昨晚这儿的那场雪是件大事。”
【用法】
insist on/upon （doing） sth 坚决要求（做）某事
insist that ... （should） do sth
坚持主张……（应该）做某事
【佳句】 You should respect the views of others， and at the same time
insist on what you think is right.
你应该尊重别人的观点，同时坚持自己认为正确的观点。
【点津】 当insist表示“坚持说，坚决认为”时，其后的宾语从句用
陈述语气。
【练透】 同义句转换
①We insisted that the Browns should use our car， but they refused.
→We the Browns our car， but they refused.
insisted on lending
【写美】 补全句子
②I insisted that he at once， but
he insisted that he then.
我坚持立即把他送到医院，但他坚持说他当时感觉相当好。
（should） be sent to the hospital
was feeling quiet well
talk away 不停地说，喋喋不休
【教材原句】 I was nearly as excited about it this morning as the
children， whom I found all looking through the window at the magic
outside and talking away as excitedly as if Christmas had suddenly come
round again.
对于这场雪，我今早近乎像孩子们那样兴奋。我发现孩子们在透过窗
子看着外面奇妙的世界，兴奋地说个不停，就像圣诞节突然又要来了
一般。
【用法】
talk down to sb 以高人一等的口气说话
talk sb into （doing） sth 说服某人（做）某事
talk sb out of （doing） sth 说服某人不（做）某事
talk off 说得天花乱坠；说得烦死人
【佳句】 Nobody’s listening， but she just keeps talking away.
没人在听，但她就是不停地说。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①She talked her husband having a holiday in France.
②You can talk my head ， but you can’t change wrong into
right.
into
off
【写美】 补全句子
③The manager tried to .
经理极力劝他不要走。
talk him out of leaving
come round 再度发生，再次出现；苏醒；顺道拜访
【教材原句】 ... as if Christmas had suddenly come round again.
……就像圣诞节突然又要来了一般。
【用法】
come about 发生；造成
come across （偶然）遇见；碰见
come out 出来；出版；发行
come up 走近；被提出
come up with 提出；想出
come to 总计；达到（某状况）；苏醒
When it comes to ... 当涉及/谈到……时
【佳句】 By the time the summer came round， Kelly was feeling
much better.
当夏天来临的时候，凯莉感觉好多了。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①How did the accident come since he drove at a speed of sixty
miles per hour？
②It is said that he is focusing on writing a book on space exploration.But
when it will come is up in the air.
about
out
【写美】 补全句子
③She on a sunny Sunday.
她在一个晴朗的星期天来看了我。
came round to see me
bend v.变弯曲 n.弯道，拐弯
【教材原句】 But the snow is falling heavily， in great soft flakes， so
that you can hardly see across the shallow valley， and the roofs are thick
and the trees all bending ...大片柔软的雪花铺天盖地地飘落，遮挡了
你的视线，让你几乎看不到浅浅的山谷，屋顶上存了厚厚的雪，树木
被压得弯下腰来……
【用法】
（1）bend down/over 弯下腰来；弯腰
bend forwards 向前弯曲
bend one’s head 低下头
bend sb to （doing） sth 迫使某人（做）某事
bend one’s mind/efforts to sth 致力于某事，专心致志于某事
（2）a sharp bend 一个急转弯
【佳句】 The road bends sharply to the right.
这条路向右急转弯。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①When the boy caught sight of Poppy， he went rushing towards the dog
and bent to give her a big hug.
②Eric bent himself to （persuade） them to donate some
blankets.
down/over
persuading
【写美】 补全句子
③When she ， she could always do it well.
当她专心工作时，她总是可以做好。
bent her mind to her work
Part Ⅱ 重点句型解构
句型公式：find＋宾语＋宾语补足语
【教材原句】 You go to bed in one kind of world and wake up to find
yourself in another quite different， and if this is not magic， then
where is it to be found？
入睡时，世界是一个模样，醒来则是完全不同的另一番模样，若非有
魔力，如何才能这般？
【用法】
此句中的find yourself in another quite different属于“find＋宾语＋宾
语补足语”结构。
（1）find＋宾语＋形容词/介词短语/动词-ing形式（表主动或正在进
行）/过去分词（表被动或完成）
（2）“find＋oneself＋宾语补足语”结构指某人不知不觉地发现自
己处于某种状态，常表示意料之外的情况。
（3）在“find it＋形容词/名词＋to do ...”结构中，it是形式宾语，
后面的to do ...是真正的宾语。
【品悟】 Meanwhile， I find myself looking back at my senior
year， and thinking about all the wonderful things that have happened.
同时，我发觉自己在回顾自己高中最后一年的时光，追忆所有发生过
的美好往事。
【写美】 微写作
①不幸的是，我发现我自己被卡在大南瓜里了。
Unfortunately， I in the huge pumpkin.
②当他醒来时，他发现自己在一个陌生的房间里。
When he awoke， he .
③我发现我的大多数同学和老师都很友好。
I .
found myself stuck
found himself in a strange room
found most of my classmates and teachers friendly
④我们经常发现意识到别人的缺点比意识到我们自身的缺点更容
易些。
We often other people’s weaknesses
than our own.
find it much easier to recognise
句型公式：by the time引导的时间状语从句
【教材原句】 Then the sun came out， and by the time I had sat down
to breakfast it was shining bravely and flushing the snow with delicate
pinks.
接着太阳出来了，等到我坐下来吃早餐时，太阳的光彩已是绚烂夺
目，给雪地添了一抹柔和的粉红色。
【用法】
（1）by the time＋从句（一般过去时），主句时态为过去完成时。
（2）by the time＋从句（一般现在时），主句时态为一般将来时或
将来完成时。
（3）by the end of＋过去的时间，句子时态为过去完成时。
（4）by the end of＋将来的时间，句子时态为将来完成时。
【品悟】 By the time he was 14， Mozart had composed many pieces
for the harpsichord， piano and violin， as well as for orchestras.
莫扎特到14岁的时候，不仅已经谱写了很多管弦乐曲，还谱写了许多
拨弦键琴曲、钢琴曲和小提琴曲。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①By the time we got there， the play （begin） already.
②By the time the course ends， we
（learn） a lot about Britain.
③By the end of last month， the new building
（complete） ahead of time.
had begun
will have learned/will learn
had been completed
【写美】 句型转换
④Next year he will be 18 and he will graduate from Guangming High
School.
→ ， he will graduate from Guangming
High School.
By the time he is 18 next year
课时检测·提能力
培育学科素养
4
维度一：品句填词
1. The nursery （童谣） reminds me of my happy childhood
spent with my grandparents.
2. To reduce food waste， some restaurants （坚持） their
customers should take away the leftover food after their meals.
3. The bird has grey （羽毛） with a lighter collar.
rhyme
insist
feathers
4. He hurried on with his （刮胡子）， cutting his chin
twice.
5. Notre Dame stands in the very heart of Paris and is one of the
famous （教堂） in the world.
6. One of the main characters of this plastic is its ability to b without
breaking.
7. The w schedule may make you more aware of how you spend
your time.
8. Standing on the top of the mountain， we can enjoy a delightful
p of the lake.
shaving
churches
end
eekly
rospect
维度二：词形转换
1. They hope this new evidence will prove her
（innocent）.
2. The （inspect） said that standards at the school had to
be raised.
3. On the bench a large light bulb was glowing （faint）.
4. We have made many （enhance） to the software
that will strengthen system security.
5. The leaves turn yellow， and the maples （red）.So
beautiful and so graceful！
innocence
inspector
faintly
enhancements
redden
维度三：固定搭配和句式
1. They （不停地说） as if they hadn’t seen each
other for a long time.
2. When she （醒来） in the morning， the sun was
streaming through the windows.
3. They prevented a serious railway accident （冒
着……的风险） their own lives.
4. The movie had begun （到我们到达那儿
时）.
talked away
woke up
at the risk of
by the time we got there
5. Nervous and frightened， I felt
（如坐针毡）.
6. I walked along the street， and about 30 minutes later，
（我发现自己来到了学校大门口）。
as if I were sitting on pins and
needles
I found
myself at the school gate
维度四：课文语法填空
It is the first time that I have seen snow this year.It is not only
1. event but a magical event.You go to bed in one kind of world
and wake up 2. （find） yourself in another completely
different.The secrecy and 3. （quiet） of the thing makes it
more magical.When I 4.
an
to find
quietness
（get） up this morning， I found the world dead white and pale
blues.The light coming through the windows was very strange，
5. made the familiar business of splashing and shaving and
brushing and dressing strange too.When the sun came out， the snow
became pink.The little plum tree stood in full sunlight.An hour 6.
two later， everything was a cold sparkle of white and blue.The little
Japanese prints had disappeared.The ground went on and on， the sky was
thick grey， and all the trees were in black and 7.
got
which
or
（threaten） shapes.Now the snow is falling 8.
（heavy） in great soft flakes so that you can hardly see across the shallow
valley.The 9. （roof） are thick and the trees are all bent.I can
see the children 10. （flatten） their noses against the
window to watch the falling snow.
threatening
heavily
roofs
flattening
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
（2024·山东青岛二中高二上期末）Never has there been a primate
as big as Gigantopithecus blacki.Adults of this ancient ape （猿） stood
about 10 feet tail and could weigh more than 500 pounds， wandering the
thick forests of ancient China during the last Ice Age.
Why this impressive animal went extinct has puzzled scientists since
the ape was discovered nearly a century ago.But now， a new analysis
suggests that the primate’s unique lifestyle left it vulnerable.
The new study combines geological dates， pollen records， and
clues preserved inside fossil teeth to present a detailed timeline of when，
and how， Gigantopithecus blacki went extinct.The results reveal the
creature’s decline and ultimate demise in fine detail.
Kira Westaway， lead author of the new study and a geochronologist
at Macquarie University in Sydney， worked to come up with more
accurate dates for the sediments （沉积物） that Gigantopithecus fossils
have been found in.Studies of fossil pollen from the Gigantopithecus sites
also allowed researchers to study how the animal’s habitat was
changing.Prior to 700，000 years ago， both Gigantopithecus and Pongo
weidenreichi， another ancient ape， lived in forests where they ate
leaves， fruits， and flowers available much of the year round.Due to the
environmental changes， dense forests of pines，
birches and chestnut relatives gave way to more open habitats with larger
patches of grassland.However， Gigantopithecus had a difficult time
finding preferred foods.Meanwhile Pongo weidenreichi changed its diet to
live on-fibrous-plants that were more readily available.
“It was the response of G， blacki to these changes that sealed its
fate，” Westaway says.“The giant apes were so big that they had to
move on the ground and were limited in how far they could venture，
trying to make the most of twigs， bark， and other tough foods that were
still accessible.It wasn’t enough.”
Yet knowing the ending of the ape’s story hardly closes the case on
the giant primate.Did these huge primates follow the same path to
extinction， or did the story vary by location？ This research opens new
questions even as it explains the disappearance of Earth’s most huge ape.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项新的研究揭示
了步氏巨猿灭绝的原因以及时间。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项新的研究揭示
了步氏巨猿灭绝的原因以及时间。
1. What does the new research aim to do？（ ）
A. To study the climate changes of ancient China.
B. To analyze the geological features of the last Ice Age.
C. To solve the mystery of the Gigantopithecus blacki’s extinction.
D. To present some detailed findings of the Gigantopithecus blacki’s
habitat.
解析： 细节理解题。根据第二段内容可知，这项新研究的目的
是找出步氏巨猿灭绝的原因。
2. What does the underlined word “demise” in the third paragraph
mean？（ ）
A. Change. B. Removal.
C. Adaptation. D. Extinction.
解析： 词义猜测题。根据第三段首句可知，这项新研究结合了
地质年代、花粉记录和保存在牙齿化石中的线索，揭示了步氏巨猿
什么时候以及怎样灭绝的。所以画线单词意为“灭绝”。
3. What do we know about the study？（ ）
A. The timing of the giant ape’s disappearance was worked out.
B. Another ape was included to show their common habitat.
C. The environmental shift had little impact on the giant ape’s habitat.
D. Some fossil pollen were studied to reveal the giant ape’s diet
preference.
解析： 细节理解题。根据第三段中的The results reveal the
creature’s decline and ultimate demise in fine detail.以及最后一段
中的This research opens new questions even as it explains the
disappearance of Earth’s most huge ape.可知，这项新研究确定了
步氏巨猿消失的时间。
4. What can be suggested from Westaway’s words about the giant ape？
（ ）
A. The giant ape responded to the change of its habitat easily.
B. The inability to adapt quickly caused its disappearance.
C. The giant ape had sufficient food resources on the grassland.
D. The forested habitat was still accessible to the giant ape.
解析： 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中Westaway说的关于巨猿
的话可知，步氏巨猿无法快速适应环境的改变，从而导致了灭绝。
B
To understand how much we rely on ecosystem services， imagine a
world where humans are the only species — perhaps in a spaceship far
from the Earth.
There are no plants releasing oxygen， so you have to engineer a way
to make it yourself. So straight away you need a chemical processing plant
on board your ship. That same plant will have to make water too.
There is also nothing to eat， so you must artificially make food.You
could synthesise （人工合成） chemicals like sugars and fats， but
making it delicious would be extremely hard.As of 2015， we can’t
even make an artificial burger that everyone finds convincing.
Let’s not even get started on the microorganisms （微生物） living
in your gut， many of which are beneficial. The point is that， while we
could in theory do all these things artificially， it is far easier to let the
existing wildlife do them for us.
The scale of these ecosystem services， when you add them up，
turns out to be extraordinarily large.
In 1997， ecologist Robert Costanza and his colleagues estimated that
the ecosystem provides services worth around $33 trillion a year.For
comparison， they noted that the entire global economy at the time
produced around $18 trillion a year.
Five years later， the team took the argument a step further by asking
how much we would gain by conserving biodiversity.They concluded that
the benefits would outweigh the costs by a factor of 100.In other words，
conserving nature is an unbelievably good investment.
By contrast， letting species decline and go extinct looks like a bad
move.A 2010 study concluded that unchecked species loss would wipe
18% off global economic output by 2050.
You may perhaps be feeling that all this talk of economics and growth
is strange.It’s all rather cold and heartless， without any of the love for
the natural world that we were talking about earlier.Well， many
environmentalists feel the same way.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。生态系统和生物多样性对人类究竟
有多重要？文章从经济效益的角度对此进行了说明。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。生态系统和生物多样性对人类究竟
有多重要？文章从经济效益的角度对此进行了说明。
5. How does the author begin the passage？（ ）
A. By drawing a conclusion.
B. By offering an argument.
C. By providing an example.
D. By making an assumption.
解析： 篇章结构题。根据第一段内容可知，作者为了帮助我们
理解生态系统的重要性，首先作出了一个假设：想象一个只有人类
的世界。
6. What does the author want to tell us by mentioning an artificial burger
in Paragraph 3？（ ）
A. Artificial things are similar to natural ones.
B. Artificial things can hardly be the same as natural ones.
C. We have a long way to go to develop artificial things.
D. We can hardly distinguish artificial things from natural ones.
解析： 细节理解题。根据第三段内容可知，作者首先指
出：我们可以人工合成糖和脂肪，但很难使其味道可口；接下
来又说直到2015年人们还没有人工合成出令人满意的汉堡。由
此可知，作者提到人工汉堡，主要是说明人工合成食物跟真实
天然的食物还有差距。
7. What’s the main problem with doing many things artificially？
（ ）
A. Its high costs. B. Its negative effects.
C. Its being difficult. D. Its being impossible.
解析： 细节理解题。根据第四段内容可知，作者认为，虽然人
工合成食物在理论上是可能的，但问题在于让食物在大自然天然生
长要容易得多。
8. What’s the author’s purpose of writing the passage？（ ）
A. To prove the value of biodiversity.
B. To stress the importance of the environment.
C. To tell us how the ecosystem works.
D. To teach us how to protect the ecosystem.
解析： 写作意图题。综合全文内容可知，作者主要介绍了生态
系统的重要性，尤其是生物多样性的价值。
C
（2024·浙江嘉兴高二上期末）In times of intense stress， people
sometimes let it out with a scream and a new study suggests that plants
might do the same.Researchers at Tel Aviv University in Israel has found
that plants let out ultrasonic （超声的） screams when damaged or
stressed by drought.
The noises， falling within a range of 20 to 100 kilohertz， are too
high-frequency for humans to hear， but other plants and some animals
perceive them.Insects might be listening for sounds from stressed plants to
assess their condition before laying eggs on their leaves.A moth （蛾）
may decide against laying eggs on a plant that sounds water-stressed.
Researchers attached recording devices directly to plants to listen for
secret sounds inside their stems （茎）.In drought， air bubbles
formed， burst and caused vibrations （振动） within the tissue that
normally carries water up the plants’ stems.The process was picked up
by the attached recording devices， but researchers wanted to know if any
plant sounds could travel through the air.
So the team placed microphones 10 centimetres from stressed-out
tomato and tobacco plants.They subjected one set of crops to drought and
another to physical damage.A third group was untouched.
The microphones did pick up distinct sounds.On average， drought-
stressed tomato plants let out about 35 ultrasonic screams per hour， while
those with cut stems made about 25.Drought-stressed tobacco plants let
out about 11 screams per hour， and cut crops made about 15 sounds in
the same time.The average number of sounds from untouched plants fell
below one per hour.
The researchers also attempted to identify each plant group just based
on its screams.Using a type of artificial intelligence calculations， the
team picked out distinct features in each set of sounds and successfully
sorted their plants into three kinds： “dry， cut or untouched”.
If it is not too costly to set up the recording in a field situation，
farmers might be able to hear these stress signals， too.In future，
enabling farmers to listen for water-stressed plants could “open a new
direction”， which will be increasingly important as climate change
exposes more areas to drought.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。当植物受到损伤或受到干旱的压力
时，会发出超声波尖叫。
9. Why is the moth mentioned in Paragraph 2？（ ）
A. To show moths need enough water when laying eggs.
B. To show some animals are able to hear plants scream.
C. To show some insects are picky about their surroundings.
D. To show wildlife species depend on each other when stressed.
解析： 推理判断题。根据第二段第二、三句可知，第二段提到
了飞蛾，以表明一些动物能够听到植物的尖叫。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。当植物受到损伤或受到干旱的压力
时，会发出超声波尖叫。
10. What can we learn from the research？（ ）
A. Plants’ sounds couldn’t be detected by humans.
B. Plants can be grouped according to their features.
C. Plants’ screams are related to stress types in a way.
D. Air bubbles contribute to the lack of water in plants.
解析： 推理判断题。根据第五段中列举的数据可知，同种植
物压力类型不同，尖叫次数不同。由此推知，植物的尖叫在某种
程度上与压力类型有关。
11. What does the last paragraph focus on？（ ）
A. Supporting evidence for the research result.
B. Potential application of the research findings.
C. A further explanation of the research methods.
D. A reasonable doubt about the research process.
解析： 根据最后一段第二句可知，这一新发现可以让农民能
够听到缺水植物的声音，农民就可以快速判断植物当前处于缺水
的状况。由此推知，这一段重点介绍了研究结果的潜在应用。
12. What can be a suitable title for the text？（ ）
A. Plants’ Vibrations： Way to React to Stress
B. Stress Signals： Secret Newly Found in Plants
C. Green Screams： Plants Make Noises When Stressed
D. Ultrasonic Screams： Discovery Opens a New Chapter
解析： 标题归纳题。通读全文可知，植物在受到损伤或受到
干旱的压力时，它们会发出声音。因此，C项（绿色尖叫：植物
在受到压力时会发出响声）适合作为文章的标题。
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
As summer approaches， many are refreshing their gardens to reflect
the change in the season.As we become more eco-conscious， enhancing
biodiversity （生物多样性） tops our to-do list.13.（ ）.
◆Grow plants for pollinators.
Pollinators like bees can see the colour purple more clearly than any
other， so planting purple colour flowers like lavender will lead to a bee-
filled paradise （乐园）.Herbs also attract butterflies and bees if you
allow them to flower.A key tip to remember is that most roses aren’t
ideal for pollinators.14.（ ）.
◆Just add water.
Add running water to your garden.15.（ ）.Such additions can
make it more appealing to birds and wildlife.Adding a bird bath or a small
water feature can attract a whole new range of wildlife， from frogs to
dragonflies.Add small rocks into your water feature to prevent insects or
animals drowning.
◆16.（ ）.
Home-grown plants adapt to local soil and environmental
conditions， meaning that they require less care.They also promote
biodiversity and decrease soil erosion （侵蚀）， while also reducing the
use of chemical fertilizers （化肥） — a true win-win situation.By
buying home-grown plants you can help to prevent foreign species
reaching your garden and the countryside.Although these species are often
harmless in their native habitats， they can cause disease and competition
in a new environment.
◆Create homes for wildlife.
17. （ ）.So consider building bee hotels and bird houses，
placing planting pots upside down， or even letting leaves and sticks pile
up in the garden to provide a safe place for wildlife.And before you
commit yourself to a neatly polished space， consider leaving room for a
little chaos.
A. Stick to native plants
B. Grow domestic vegetables
C. Thoughtful structures in gardens are ideal shelters
D. It helps purify the air and provide drinking water for local wildlife
E. Don’t feel discouraged if the wildlife shelter is empty at first
F. It is difficult for the bees to get to the center of the flower to feed
G. Here are some tips to help strike the balance between beauty and
biodiversity
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一些做园艺时在美和生
物多样性之间寻求平衡的方法。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一些做园艺时在美和生
物多样性之间寻求平衡的方法。
13. G 上文提到了许多人想要让花园焕然一新以及有提高生物多样
性的环保意识。结合下文分条列出的建议可知，设空处起到承上启下
的作用，G项（这里有一些有助于在美和生物多样性之间取得平衡的
建议）符合语境。
14. F 空前一句提到了大多数玫瑰对传粉者来说并不理想，接下来应
对此进行解释，F项（蜜蜂很难到达花朵的中心觅食）符合语境。
15. D 空前一句建议给花园浇水，这里应解释这么做的好处，D项
（它有助于净化空气并为当地野生动物提供饮用水）承接上文，符合
语境。
16. A 结合其他几处的小标题可知，此处应用祈使句。根据下文多
次提到的Home-grown plants和整段内容可知，本段主要介绍了种本地
植物的好处，故A项（坚持种本地植物）符合语境。
17. C 根据Create homes for wildlife.可知，本段主要讲述了如何给
野生动物筑窝。C项（花园中周密的建筑物是理想的庇护所）符合语
境，C项中的ideal shelters与小标题中的homes相呼应。(共124张PPT)
Section Ⅲ Developing ideas
1
篇章助解·释疑难
目 录
4
课时检测·提能力
3
核心知识·巧突破
2
文本透析·剖语篇
篇章助解·释疑难
力推课前预习
1
Silent Spring
There was a strange stillness①.The birds， for example — where had
they gone？[1]Many people spoke of them， puzzled and disturbed.The
feeding stations in the backyards were deserted.The few birds seen
anywhere were moribund； they trembled② violently and could not fly.It
was a spring without voices.On the mornings that had once throbbed with
the dawn chorus③ of robins， catbirds， doves， jays， wrens， and
scores of other bird voices there was now no sound； only silence lay over
the fields and woods and marsh.
[1]puzzled and disturbed为形容词短语作状语。
【读文清障】
①stillness n.安静，静止
still adj.静止的
②tremble v.颤抖，发抖
③chorus n.合唱曲
Rachel Carson was a scientist by profession④， but these lines from
the opening chapter of her 1962 book Silent Spring， “A Fable for
Tomorrow”， show her talent as a writer.By imagining a world without
birds， she aimed to alert⑤ not only the scientific community but also the
general public to the damaging effects of human activity on natural
ecosystems — in particular⑥， to the harmful use of pesticides， such as
DDT. She believed that the chemical industry was knowingly⑦ causing
harm to⑧ plants， animals and even humans， and wished to see
pesticides used in a more responsible， limited and carefully monitored⑨
way.
Carson urged⑩ people to make themselves aware of the facts and do
something about the situation.Silent Spring contains a lot of scientific
research and case studies.The book details the gypsy moth eradication
programme， which killed birds， in addition to gypsy moths.Another
case study was the fire-ant programme that killed cows， but not fire
ants.[2]The book also gives dozens of other examples of eradication
programmes that did nothing to reduce the problems they were originally
designed to solve.[3]The 50 or so pages at the end of the book list
Carson’s sources， showing how thorough and precise she was as a
scientist.
[2]that引导定语从句；they were originally designed to solve为定
语从句，省略了关系代词that或which。
[3]how引导宾语从句。
④by profession职业上
⑤alert v.提醒，使（某人）意识到
alert ...to 使意识到，使认识到
⑥in particular尤其，特别
particularly adv.尤其，特别
⑦knowingly adv.故意地
⑧cause harm to对……造成伤害
⑨monitor v.监督，监视
⑩urge v.敦促；催促
urge sb to do sth 敦促某人做某事
detail v.详细说明 n.细节
eradication n.消灭
originally adv.最初地，原来地
be designed to 旨在，设计用于
thorough adj.仔细的；缜密的
thoroughly adv.彻底，完全；缜密地
precise adj.精确的；一丝不苟的
precisely adv.精确地
Carson’s message was very alarming ， causing a great increase in
environmental awareness.Its impact was immediate and far-reaching ：
the use of DDT was banned and the Environmental Protection Agency
（EPA） was established in the US. Silent Spring was therefore regarded
as a milestone in the launch of the green movement in the Western
world.It also earned Carson a posthumous Presidential Medal of
Freedom and put her face on the 17-cent US stamp.
Silent Spring was not， however， received positively by
everyone.[4]Though Carson’s research was strong and was supported
by most scientists who reviewed her work， the book quickly became a
target for critics in the pesticide industry.They said that Carson did not
understand the science behind her arguments because she was a marine
biologist rather than a chemist.Some also said that her work was more
emotional than scientific.These were attempts to damage Carson’s
reputation and stop her work from influencing public policy， but she
remained determined to stand by her research.Carson appeared in
public and on television to defend her claims — and today， more than 50
years after it was published， the voice of Silent Spring is still ringing loud
and clear.
[4]Though引导让步状语从句；who引导定语从句。
alarming adj.令人惊恐的，令人恐慌的
alarm n.惊恐，惊慌；警报
v.使惊恐，使害怕
far-reaching adj.影响深远的
ban v.禁止，取缔 n.禁令
ban ...from ... 禁止……做……
place/put/impose a ban on 颁布对……的禁令
milestone n.里程碑，重要事件
launch n.推出，发起
posthumous adj.死后获得的
become a target for 成为……的目标
critic n.批评家
criticize v.批评
criticism n.批评，批判
marine adj.海洋的
rather than而不是
emotional adj.情绪的
attempt to ……的努力/尝试
reputation n.名誉，名望
remain determined to do sth 仍然决心做某事
stand by支持
Personally ， I enjoy Carson’s book.She made a crucial but
potentially difficult-to-understand subject interesting and accessible to
millions of people.[5]This is not so much because of the quality of her
arguments， strong though they are， but because of the beauty and
elegance of her writing.Her book not only changed the world； half a
century later [6]it remains a book that deserves to be reread today， so
that we can once again feel ourselves warm to the fire of its passionate
message.[7]For unless we do listen to Rachel Carson’s warning， one
day we may wake up to the strange and quiet horror of another silent
spring.
[5]not ...but ...连接并列的表语；though引导让步状语从句，
此处为倒装句。
[6]that引导定语从句；so that引导目的状语从句。
[7]unless引导条件状语从句。
personally adv.就本人而言
crucial adj.关键的，至关重要的
elegance n.优美；简洁
elegant adj.优美的；简洁的
passionate adj.具有强烈信念的
passion n.激情，强烈情感
passion for 对……的热情，对……的激情
【参考译文】
寂静的春天
“一片古怪的寂静笼罩着这里。小鸟都飞到哪里去了？许多人
谈论着，茫然困惑、惴惴不安。后院的饲养站已经被遗弃，为数不多
的几只鸟也奄奄一息；它们浑身打战，无法飞翔。这是一个寂静的春
天。原本喧闹的清晨，再也没有了知更鸟、北美猫鸟、鸽子、松鸦、
鹪鹩的奏鸣曲以及其他小鸟的鸣叫声：只留下一片寂静，笼罩在田
野、树林和沼泽的上空。”
蕾切尔·卡森本是一位科学家，但是1962年，她在《寂静的春
天》一书的开篇章节“明天的寓言”中的这段描写，展现了她作为作
家的天赋。通过想象一个没有鸟儿的世界，她想要警告科学界，提醒
公众，人类活动已经对自然界生态系统造成了破坏性的后果，尤其是
使用DDT之类的杀虫剂给自然界带来了严重的危害。她认为化学工业
正在明目张胆地对动植物，甚至对人类本身造成伤害，她希望人们在
使用杀虫剂时能够更加负责、节制，并且严加监管。
卡森督促人们认清事实，并且为此做出努力。《寂静的春天》
中含有大量的科学研究和真实案例。在灭除舞毒蛾项目这一案例中，
她细致讲述了人们在消灭舞毒蛾的同时，也杀死了鸟类；另一个案例
则是在开展消灭火蚁计划时，人们杀死的是奶牛，而非火蚁。书中还
讲了几十个其他灭除计划的案例，都未能像预期那样解决问题。这本
书最后的五十几页列出了卡森的资料来源，显示出她作为一名科学家
的周密和严谨。
卡森所述的事实让人们十分担忧，大大提升了人们保护环境的
意识。这本书的效果立竿见影，并且影响深远：DDT被禁用；环境保
护署也在美国成立。《寂静的春天》因此被视为西方发起绿色运动的
里程碑。这使卡森在去世后获得了“总统自由勋章”的荣誉，美国17
美分的邮票上也印上了她的头像。
但并不是所有人都支持《寂静的春天》。虽然卡森的研究很有
说服力，而且得到多数审阅过这本书的科学家的支持，但是这本书很
快成了杀虫剂行业批判的对象。他们说卡森并不理解她论证背后的科
学原理，因为她是一位海洋生物学家，而非化学家。还有一些人说她
的作品过于情感化，科学性并不强。他们想要通过破坏卡森的名声来
削减她的作品对公共政策的影响，但卡森仍然坚持自己的研究，在公
众面前、在电视节目中捍卫自己的观点。时至今日，《寂静的春天》
已经出版五十多年了，但它的影响力依旧深远绵长。
而我个人也十分喜欢卡森的书。她把一个至关重要但十分复杂
的问题用简单有趣的方式传达给了数百万人。这并不都是因为她书中
高质量的论点是多么强有力，而是因为她美丽和高雅的文笔让读者喜
欢。她的书不仅在当时改变了世界，就是在半个世纪后的今天，它仍
然值得人们重新阅读，以感受她充满感情的文字带给我们如火焰般的
温暖。因为如果我们不听从卡森的劝告，可能有一天在我们醒来之
后，真的会面对一个古怪而又相当恐怖的寂静的春天。
文本透析·剖语篇
助力语篇理解
2
第一步：析架构理清脉络
Read the passage quickly
and then fill in the blanks.
第二步：知细节明察秋毫
Read the passage carefully and choose the best answers.
1. Why did many people get puzzled and disturbed？（ ）
A. Because they didn’t speak of birds again.
B. Because the feeding stations were destroyed.
C. Because birds’ voices were unusual.
D. Because most birds were gone.
2. What does Rachel Carson think of the use of pesticides？（ ）
A. The use of pesticides should be totally banned.
B. The use of pesticides does little harm to human.
C. Pesticides should be used in a more reasonable way.
D. Pesticides should be widely used in plants and animals.
3. What caused a great increase in the awareness of protecting the
environment？（ ）
A. Carson’s scientific research.
B. The fire-ant program.
C. The green movement.
D. Some gypsy moths.
4. What is the author’s attitude to Carson’s book？（ ）
A. Critical. B. Indifferent.
C. Supportive. D. Unfavourable.
第三步：拓思维品质提升
Discuss the following questions with your partner.
1. What is the significance of the book Silent Spring on today’s
environmental awareness and green movement？
Today， environmentalists and the green movement argue that many
silent chemical and radioactive toxins， as well as carbon emissions，
pollute the earth， the effects of which we will not feel until it is too
late and the damage has been done.We need to pay attention now，
they say， or pay the price.
2. Is Rachel Carson’s opinion in Silent Spring still relevant today？
The book is relevant because it carefully compiles scientific evidence
to make its case.It shows that even though the impact of pesticides
seems invisible， it is real， and it shows how all of the earth is
interwoven ecologically.Damaging the soil or water damages animals
（Carson focuses on birds） and humans.
In these days， the political debate about climate change is
fierce.We debate， despite overwhelming evidence and consensus
among scientists， whether climate change is really happening in the
world.Her book will provide some ideas for these global problems.
第四步：析难句表达升级
1. She believed that the chemical industry was knowingly causing harm to
plants， animals and even humans， and wished to see pesticides used
in a more responsible， limited and carefully monitored way.
句式分析 句中that引导 从句，第二个and连接并列谓
语 和 ；see pesticides ...way为“see＋宾语
＋宾语补足语”结构。
自主翻译
宾语
believed
wished
她认为化学工业正在明目张胆地对动植物，甚至对人
类本身造成伤害，她希望人们在使用杀虫剂时能够更加负责、节
制，并且严加监管。
2. Though Carson’s research was strong and was supported by most
scientists who reviewed her work， the book quickly became a target
for critics in the pesticide industry.
句式分析 句中Though引导 从句，从句中又包含一个
who引导的 从句。
自主翻译
让步状语
定语
虽然卡森的研究很有说服力，而且得到多数审阅过
这本书的科学家的支持，但是这本书很快成了杀虫剂行业批判
的对象。
核心知识·巧突破
探究课堂重点
3
Part Ⅰ 核心词汇集释
ban v.（banned， banned， banning） 禁止，取缔 n.禁令
【教材原句】 Now banned in many countries， it is still used in some
for malaria control.
（杀虫剂）现在在许多国家已经被禁止，但在一些国家仍然用于控制
疟疾。
【用法】
（1）ban sb from （doing） sth 禁止某人（做）某事
（2）a ban on 对……的禁令
lift/remove a ban （on） 解除（对……的）禁令
impose/put/place a ban （on） 颁布（对……的）禁令
【佳句】 In my opinion， taking cellphones with the students should
not be banned， but should be limited to certain areas.依我看来，学生
带手机不应该被禁止，但应该被限制在某些区域内。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①To develop the habit of saving food， everyone is banned
littering everywhere and wasting food.
②The president supports a total ban cigarette advertising.
from
on
【写美】 补全句子
③In this country， for people under the
age of 18.
在这个国家，禁止18岁以下的人吸烟。
there is a ban on smoking
alert v.提醒，使（某人）意识到n.警惕，戒备adj.警觉的，警惕的
【教材原句】 By imagining a world without birds， she aimed to alert
not only the scientific community but also the general public to the
damaging effects of human activity on natural ecosystems — in
particular， to the harmful use of pesticides， such as DDT.
通过想象一个没有鸟儿的世界，她想要警告科学界，提醒公众，人类
活动已经对自然界生态系统造成了破坏性的后果，尤其是使用DDT之
类的杀虫剂给自然界带来了严重的危害。
【用法】
（1）alert sb to sth 使某人意识到/注意到某事
（2）on the alert for 密切注意……；提防……
（3）be alert to sth 意识到/注意到某事
（4）alertly adv. 警惕地，警觉地
【佳句】 The villagers alerted the travellers to the wolves and other
wild animals which might come out in the night.
村民们提醒旅行者注意夜间可能出现的狼和其他野兽。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①Climbers need to be alert the possible dangers of bad weather.
②A poster campaign was launched last week to alert people the
disease.
to
to
【写美】 同义句转换
③The public were warned to be watching carefully for suspicious
packages.
→The public were warned to be for suspicious packages.
on the alert
cause harm to 对……造成伤害
【教材原句】 She believed that the chemical industry was knowingly
causing harm to plants， animals and even humans， and wished to see
pesticides used in a more responsible， limited and carefully monitored
way.
她认为化学工业正在明目张胆地对动植物，甚至对人类本身造成
伤害，她希望人们在使用杀虫剂时能够更加负责、节制，并且严
加监管。
【用法】
（1）harm v.& n. 伤害，损害
do harm to 伤害，损害
harm sb/sth 伤害某人/某物
（2）harmful adj. 有害的
be harmful to 对……有害
（3）harmless adj. 无害的
be harmless to 对……无害
【佳句】 Urban environmental pollution mainly caused great harm to
human health.
城市环境污染主要对人类健康造成极大危害。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①She thought the bug was （harm）， but later she found
out that it could cause some minor problems.
harmless
【写美】 同义句转换
②However， online learning has some disadvantages.Staring at the
screen is harmful to our eyes.
→However， online learning has some disadvantages.Staring at the
screen .（harm n.）
does harm to our eyes
urge sb to do sth 敦促某人做某事
【教材原句】 Carson urged people to make themselves aware of the
facts and do something about the situation.
卡森督促人们认清事实，并且为此做出努力。
【用法】
（1）urge v.敦促；催促n.强烈的欲望；冲动
urge that sb （should） do sth 敦促某人（应该）做某事
the urge to do sth 做某事的强烈欲望
（2）urgent adj. 紧急的，迫切的
in urgent need of 迫切需要
It is urgent that ... ……是迫切的（从句谓语用“should＋动词原
形”，should可以省略）
（3）urgency n. 紧急
【佳句】 I urge that all of us （should） form the habit of thinking
independently and going over lessons in time.
我主张大家养成独立思考、及时复习功课的习惯。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①With the aid of some warm-hearted people，I perfectly solved
the （urge） matter.
②Action must be taken to deal with the （urge） as soon as
possible.
③Parents should actively urge their children （take）
advantage of the opportunity to participate in outdoor activities.
urgent
urgency
to take
【写美】 补全句子
④It is urgent that government and experts
.
迫切需要政府和专家采取措施解决这些问题。
（should） take measures to
solve these problems
be designed to do sth 旨在/被设计用于做某事
【教材原句】 The book also gives dozens of other examples of
eradication programmes that did nothing to reduce the problems they were
originally designed to solve.
书中还讲了几十个其他灭除计划的案例，都未能像预期那样解决
问题。
【用法】
（1）design ...for ... 为……而设计……
be designed for sb/sth 为某人/某物而设计
（2）by design 有意地，故意地
（3）designer n. 设计者
【佳句】 Paper cuttings of special designs are put up to celebrate the
Spring Festival.
特殊图案的剪纸被张贴来庆祝春节。
【联想】 by design的同义短语为on purpose，反义短语为by
accident。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①What annoyed the teacher was that this student frequently lied to
him design.
by
【写美】 补全句子
②Many columns of the English newspaper Youth
senior high school students and they our
campus life.
英文报Youth中的许多专栏是专门为高中生设计的，旨在丰富我们的校
园生活。
are specially designed
for
are designed to enrich
a target for ……的目标
【教材原句】 Though Carson’s research was strong and was
supported by most scientists who reviewed her work， the book quickly
became a target for critics in the pesticide industry.虽然卡森的研究很有
说服力，而且得到多数审阅过这本书的科学家的支持，但是这本书很
快成了杀虫剂行业批判的对象。
【用法】
（1）target n. 目标；对象
reach one’s target 达到某人的目标
target language 目标语言，对象语言
（2）target v.把……作为攻击目标，把……作为批评对象；面
向……，把……对准（某群体）
be targeted at 瞄准，针对……
【佳句】 His war record became a target for his enemies.
他的参战经历成了他的敌人攻击的目标。
【助记】 Our course is targeted at English beginners.They can reach
their targets in six months.我们的课程针对英语初学者。他们能在六
个月内达到他们的目标。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①The new policy has become a target criticism， attracting
widespread attention.
②The advertisement campaign is （target） at attracting the
younger generation.
for
targeted
【写美】 补全句子
③Finally， being polite is highly recommended， which can protect you
from a cyberbully.
最后，礼貌是强烈推荐的，这可以保护你避免成为网络欺凌的目标。
being a target for
reputation n.名誉，名望，名声
【教材原句】 These were attempts to damage Carson’s reputation
and stop her work from influencing public policy， but she remained
determined to stand by her research.
他们想要通过破坏卡森的名声来削减她的作品对公共政策的影响，但
卡森仍然坚持自己的研究。
【用法】
have a reputation for 以……著称
earn/establish/build a reputation 赢得/确立/树立声誉
live up to one’s reputation 名副其实
enjoy a good reputation 享有很好的声誉
damage/ruin one’s reputation 有损/毁坏某人的名声
【佳句】 This school enjoys a good reputation in my hometown.
这所学校在我的家乡享有很好的声誉。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①The company has a worldwide reputation quality of design.
②She has won good reputation for her contribution to medicine.
③His reputation （ruin） when he was caught cheating
people of large fortune.
for
a
was ruined
【写美】 补全句子
④Sima Qian as one of the cultural elites.
司马迁是名副其实的文化精英之一。
lived up to his reputation
remain determined to do sth 仍然决心做某事
【教材原句】 These were attempts to damage Carson’s reputation and
stop her work from influencing public policy， but she remained
determined to stand by her research.
他们想要通过破坏卡森的名声来削减她的作品对公共政策的影响，但
卡森仍然坚持自己的研究。
【用法】
（1）determined adj. 坚决的，坚定的
be determined to do sth 决心/决定做某事
（2）determine v. 决定，确定
determine to do sth 下定决心做某事
（3）determination n. 决心
with determination 坚定地
【佳句】 There were numerous diving spots in the area and Larry was
determined to visit all of them.
这个地方有数不清的潜水点，拉里决心去参观所有这些地方。
【点津】 be determined to do sth表示状态，常考查determined to do
sth在句中作状语，有类似用法的还有be lost in， be caught in， be
absorbed in等。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①Write a poem about how courage，
（determine）， and strength have helped you face challenges in your
life.
② （determine） to carry out the plan in time， they will
make careful preparations.
determination
Determined
【写美】 一句多译
③不知道在什么动机的驱使下，他决定写一本书。
→Driven by heaven-knows-what motives，he
.（determine v.）
→Driven by heaven-knows-what motives，he
.（determined adj.）
determines to write a
book
is determined to write a
book
Part Ⅱ 重点句型解构
句型公式：形容词短语作状语
【教材原句】 Many people spoke of them， puzzled and disturbed.
许多人谈论着，茫然困惑、惴惴不安。
【用法】
句中puzzled and disturbed为形容词短语作状语。形容词（短语）作状
语的用法如下：
（1）结构：可以是单个形容词，也可以是形容词短语，一般要用逗
号将其和句子的其他部分分开。
（2）位置：通常位于句子主语前或句子主语后，有时位于句末。
（3）作用：一般用于说明主语的状态，可表示原因、结果、伴随状
况等。
【品悟】 Excited and overjoyed， the children rushed to the front.孩
子们跑到了前面，既激动又欣喜。
【点津】 如果修饰句子的谓语动词或整个句子，则用副词作状语。
【写美】 微写作
①想弄清楚里面是什么，我打开了那张小纸条。
what was inside， I unfolded the tiny note.
②累得喘不过气来，我们到达山顶，并欣赏了美丽的景色。（动
作描写）
， we reached the top of the mountain and
enjoyed the beautiful views.
Curious to find out
Tired and breathless
③为了及时赶到那里，我在路上加快了车速，生怕给顾客留下不好的
印象。（日常活动）
， I speeded
up my car on the way to get there in time.
Worried about making a bad impression on the customer
句型公式：though引导的倒装让步状语从句
【教材原句】 This is not so much because of the quality of her
arguments， strong though they are， but because of the beauty and
elegance of her writing.
这并不都是因为她书中高质量的论点是多么强有力，而是因为她美丽
和高雅的文笔让读者喜欢。
【用法】
句中strong though they are是由though引导的倒装句， 作表语的strong
提到了句首。though引导的倒装句也可以是正常语序，其中的though
也可以使用as， 但是as引导的倒装句必须使用倒装语序。as/though引
导让步状语从句倒装的用法： 名词/形容词/副词/动词原形＋
as/though＋主语＋动词
【品悟】 Much tired though he was， he still worked late into the
night.
虽然他很累，但他仍然工作到深夜。
【点津】 （1）该倒装结构中，句首名词不能带任何冠词。
（2）句首是实义动词，其他助动词放在主语后。如果实义动词有宾
语和状语，随实义动词一起放在主语之前。
【写美】 微写作
①尽管他可能会尝试，但还是不能自己解决问题。
， he couldn’t solve the problem himself.
②尽管他们做了很大努力，他们却没法让她改变主意。
， they couldn’t make her change her
mind.
③那条项链虽然很漂亮，但我们认为价格太高。
， we thought it was over-
priced.
④虽然他是个孩子，但他知道做什么是正确的。
， he knew what was the right thing to do.
Try as/though he might
Hard as/though they tried
Beautiful as/though the necklace was
Child as/though he was
课时检测·提能力
培育学科素养
4
维度一：品句填词
1. The restaurant enjoys a worldwide （声誉） because of
its delicious food and excellent service.
2. As we all know， （钻石） is considered to be one of
the most precious stones in the world.
3. Tom sang the verses and everybody joined in （合唱曲）.
reputation
diamond
chorus
4. The number of participants has risen to more than two （一
打）.
5. Can you give a more （精确的） definition of the word？
6. When he came out of the water， he was （发抖） with
cold.
7. In my opinion，bringing cellphones to campus should be b .
8. The country successfully l 104 satellites in a single space
mission to explore the space.
dozen
precise
trembling
anned
aunched
维度二：词形转换
1. The furniture managed to combine practicality with
（elegant）.
2. He brought to the job not just considerable experience
but （passion） enthusiasm.
3. It is difficult to know （precise） how much impact the
changes will have.
4. He was accused of （knowing） making a false
statement to the police.
elegance
passionate
precisely
knowingly
5. I （thorough） approve of what the government is
doing.
6. When the little girl was asked such a question，she stood
there with a look on her face.（puzzle）
thoroughly
puzzling
puzzled
维度三：固定搭配和句式
1. It is our parents who （支持） us all the time even if all
others reject us.
2. These days littering are common，
（对环境造成严重危害）.
3. The city has （许多） new millionaires， Asia’s
biggest building， and fancy new hotels.
4. I （对……感到迷惑不解） why his books are
so popular worldwide.
stand by
causing serious harm to the
environment
dozens of
am puzzled about
5. If the disease is prevented or cured， the gene becomes
（……的目标） treatment.
6. He （被看作） the most suitable man to do this
work.
7. （虽然他学习努力）， he didn’t
pass the exam.
8. The soldier climbed to the top of the mountain at last，
（又饿又累）.
a target for
is regarded as
Hard as/though he worked
hungry and
tired
维度四：课文语法填空
Silent Spring by Rachel Carson was published in 1962.Carson wrote
the book 1. （aim） to alert people to the damaging effects of
human activity 2. natural ecosystems.And she wished to see
pesticides 3. （use） in a more responsible， limited and
carefully monitored way.The book contained a lot of scientific research，
examples and so on，4.
aiming
on
used
showed how thorough and precise she was as a scientist.The
arguments were strong and the writing was 5. （elegance）
and influential.However， the book was not received positively by
everyone.It quickly became a target for critics in the pesticide industry，
who said that Carson’s research was not precise.Carson appeared in
public and on television 6. （defend） her claims.
which
elegant
to defend
Carson’s message was very 7. （alarm） and its
influence was immediate and far-reaching.The use of DDT 8.
（ban） and the EPA was established in the US. The book was
considered as 9. milestone in the launch of the green movement in
the Western world.It earned Carson a Presidential Medal of Freedom after
she passed away.
The book changed the world by increasing people’s
10. （aware） of protecting natural ecosystem.
alarming
was
banned
a
awareness
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
（2024·四川自贡高二上期末）New York — like Philadelphia，
Baltimore and Washington — sits underneath the “Atlantic Flyway”，
an ancient migration route travelled by millions of birds， every spring
and autumn.Up to a quarter of a million of them die crashing into windows
in New York every year， according to New York City Audubon， the bird
charity that organizes Project Flight Safe.Birds confuse reflections of sky
or plants for the real thing and fly straight for them.
In 2021， however， new laws came into force in New York
requiring all new buildings and restoration work to be made bird-
friendly.It is the strictest such laws in America.The case of the Jacob K.
Javits Convention Centre in west Manhattan is a good example.It used to
be a top bird-killer， but after swapping its glasses for bird-friendly
glass， strikes dropped by 90%.The centre has now fully embraced bird
life.Its green roof is home to a breeding seagull group， and as of 18
October， 62 different species have been spotted there.
At night， artificial light draws birds into the city， where they are
more likely to crash.Some studies suggest birds can fail to tell direction
because artificial light prevents them from sensing the Earth’s magnetic
（磁的） field effectively.Last year the city passed a law that requires all
city owned and managed buildings to switch their lights off at night during
birds’ migration seasons.The law will extend the requirement to
privately owned commercial buildings next year.Though exceptions would
be allowed for landmarks such as the Empire State and the Chrysler
Building， the change would still transform the world’s most famous
skyline.
Jessica Wilson of NYC Audubon says that would be a good thing for
birds， energy consumption and people.New York is on track to become
the most bird-friendly big city in America.
语篇解读：本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要报道了纽约市为保护鸟
类和减少能源消耗所采取的一系列措施，包括实施新的法律和规
定、推广使用鸟类友好的建筑材料、关闭夜间照明等。
语篇解读：本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要报道了纽约市为保护鸟
类和减少能源消耗所采取的一系列措施，包括实施新的法律和规
定、推广使用鸟类友好的建筑材料、关闭夜间照明等。
1. What is responsible for bird crashes in New York？（ ）
A. Glass reflections.
B. The attraction of sunlight.
C. New York’s unique climate.
D. Birds’ confused sense of balance.
解析： 细节理解题。根据第一段最后两句可知，每年有多达25
万只鸟在纽约撞到窗户上死亡，是因为鸟类把天空或植物的反射误
认为是真实的，并直接向它们飞去。
2. What can we know about the Jacob K. Javits Convention Centre？
（ ）
A. It has reduced birds’ death by 90%.
B. It was painted green to attract birds.
C. It was the first to put new laws into force.
D. It has developed into a bird-friendly place.
解析： 推理判断题。根据第二段最后三句可知，Jacob K. Javits
Convention Centre已经发展成为一个鸟类友好的地方。
3. What is Paragraph 3 mainly about？（ ）
A. Birds’ talent for telling directions.
B. Distinctive landmarks in New York.
C. Results of applying bird-protection laws.
D. Efforts to protect birds from crashing at night.
解析： 段落大意题。根据第三段内容可知，第三段主要讲述的
是该市为了保护鸟类不在夜间坠毁，要求所有城市拥有和管理的建
筑物在鸟类迁徙季节的晚上关掉灯。
4. What does Jessica Wilson think of the law issued last year？（ ）
A. Energy-consuming. B. Promising.
C. Eye-catching. D. Annoying.
解析： 推理判断题。根据最后一段内容可知，Jessica Wilson认
为去年颁布的法律是非常好的，有发展前景。
B
We’re often reminded of the importance of protecting the planet as
we see it for future generations — and children at St Oswald’s Primary
School in Chester certainly agree.
Nine-year-old Isohel Kelleher from the school’s Hummingbirds
class thinks adults need to take notes. “Sometimes they can be busy and I
don’t think they think they can make a difference， but if everyone does
a little bit， it all adds up，” she says.“We started looking at plastic
pollution in our oceans and the things like plastic bags that are polluting
them. Fish can eat the plastic and they can die.”
Mr Timms， Isohel’s teacher， has been leading a new project at
the school which lets children loose creatively to raise public awareness of
the need to be more environmentally friendly. The entire Hummingbirds
class， which is made up of nine-year-old and ten-year-old pupils， has
been busy writing poems and creating online videos to warn adults about
the serious situation of our oceans and wildlife.
Mr Timms thinks children play an important role in teaching us how
to take care of the things around us. “We sometimes overlook how much
we can really learn from children，” he says.“It is really hard to believe
having parents come in saying that their children have been asking them to
stop using plastic and to recycle more， and even stopping them from
using plastic straws.”
Mr Timms is proud of his Hummingbirds class. The message that
they would like to send to the world is simple： Stopping this isn’t
someone else’s job， and it won’t be OK if we just leave it.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。一所学校的蜂鸟班举行环保活动，
呼吁人们正视严峻的环境问题。
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。一所学校的蜂鸟班举行环保活动，
呼吁人们正视严峻的环境问题。
5. What does Isohel Kelleher mean in Paragraph 2？（ ）
A. People shouldn’t eat fish any more.
B. Adults have done their part pretty well.
C. Everyone can do something to stop pollution.
D. Plastic pollution is already too serious to be solved.
解析： 细节理解题。根据第二段中的but if everyone does a little
bit， it all adds up可知，Isohel Kelleher认为每个人都可以采取一点
措施阻止污染。
6. What can be inferred from Mr Timms’ words in Paragraph 4？
（ ）
A. The project has already proved effective.
B. Some parents are angry with the project.
C. Children are good at looking after adults.
D. Adults ought to learn little from their kids.
解析： 推理判断题。根据第四段中的It is really hard to
believe ... them from using plastic straws.可知，孩子们所做的事情
对家长产生了影响。由此可推测，这个项目已经证明是有效的。
7. What does the underlined word “this” in the last paragraph refer to？
（ ）
A. Using plastic straws.
B. Plastic pollution.
C. Protecting the planet.
D. The Hummingbirds class.
解析： 代词指代题。根据第二段中的We started looking at plastic
pollution in our oceans and the things like plastic bags that are polluting
them. Fish can eat the plastic and they can die.可知，蜂鸟班的孩子
所做的事情是在应对塑料污染，因此他们想要向全世界传递的信息
是，阻止塑料污染不是别人的事情。由此推知，此处this指代的是
塑料污染。
C
The Department of Energy（DOE） is dealing with a tough research
problem that has troubled experts for more than a decade： developing a
low-cost alternative to the present jet fuel.
The search began around 2010， originally pushed by the concerns
about the country’s reliance on imported oil.More recently，airlines
have raised the question themselves.There are potential restrictions on the
amount of carbon dioxide from jet airliners and a lack of an electricity-
fueled replacement for their heavy planes.
Researchers at DOE’s National Renewable Energy Laboratory
（NREL） are taking a fresh look at a promising family of new and
plentiful raw materials： food wastes and urban used water containing
human manure （粪肥）.
“Everyone is beginning to see the potential of taking these organic
materials that we normally have sent to landfills or wastewater treatment
plants，” said Derek Vardon，a senior research engineer at NREL.
Manure and food wastes contain fatty acids that can be changed to link
their chain-like structures together.The result is a liquid fuel，Vardon
explained，one that has seven times the energy of methane — the major
component of natural gas.That’s needed to get a heavy airliner off the
ground.
Other researchers are also sensing the potential of rich and low-carbon
resources that could be developed by working with wastewater treatment
plants.One of them is Jianping Yu，the main researcher of a separate
NREL project that is exploring how to remove major and troublesome
water pollutants from conventional wastewater treatment processes.His
idea is to feed the pollutants to algae （海藻） in the wastewater plants
and then sell the algae as a product that can be made into commercial
fertilizers.Yu’s idea is to collect and develop special algae，
so they can remove as much as 50% of the pollutants from processed
wastewater.Growing more powerful algae， he points out， will also be a
way to remove more CO2 from the air.The outcome is that it could reduce
the amount of energy needed to run wastewater plants.“That’s the
goal.Our main motivation is future environmental requirements，” Yu
said.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了能源部专家与废水
处理厂合作开发清洁航空燃料。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了能源部专家与废水
处理厂合作开发清洁航空燃料。
8. Why are the airlines anxious to find a new kind of jet fuel？（ ）
A. Their planes are heavier than before.
B. They need to cut costs of electrical energy.
C. Their oil fuel harms the environment.
D. They want to rely less on imported oil.
解析： 推理判断题。根据第二段最后一句可知，喷气式客机的
二氧化碳排放量可能会受到限制，重型飞机也缺乏电力燃料替代
品。由此可推知，为了环保航空公司急于寻找一种新的航空燃料。
9. What can we learn about the liquid fuel according to Vardon？
（ ）
A. It has as much energy as natural gas.
B. It can be changed into fatty acids.
C. It’s born out of organic wastes.
D. It’s similar to natural gas in structure.
解析： 推理判断题。根据第四段内容可知，Vardon认为液体燃
料来自我们通常送往垃圾填埋场或废水处理厂的有机垃圾，例如粪
便和食物垃圾。由此可知，根据Vardon的说法，液体燃料是从有机
垃圾中产生的。
10. What role does algae play in Jianping Yu’s idea？（ ）
A. Producing green fuel.
B. Cleaning processed wastewater.
C. Making commercial fertilizers.
D. Absorbing wastewater.
解析： 细节理解题。根据最后一段中的Yu’s idea is to collect
and develop special algae， so they can remove as much as 50% of
the pollutants from processed wastewater.可知，余建平的想法是利
用特殊的藻类去除处理过的废水中的污染物。
11. What does the text mainly tell us？（ ）
A. Developing new fuel is quite necessary for airlines.
B. Researchers find a way of environmental protection.
C. Wastewater plants are a very useful source of new energy.
D. Search for clean jet fuel leads scientists to wastewater plants.
解析： 主旨大意题。文章第一段提出，能源部正在处理一个
棘手的研究问题，这一问题困扰了专家十多年：开发一种替代现
有航空燃料的低成本替代品。最后一段第一句指出，其他研究人
员也感受到了与废水处理厂合作开发丰富低碳资源的潜力。由此
可知，文章主要告诉我们对清洁航空燃料的探寻将科学家带到废
水处理厂。
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
Plants are intelligent.It sounds like a fable.However， science is
beginning to think so.In 2013， The New Yorker published an article that
set the plant science world on fire， forever changing the way both the
public and researchers looking at and studying the plant kingdom.The
“Intelligent Plant” was previously unheard of.12.（ ） But fast
forward to 2022， there were now dozens of research papers and hours of
video prepared and published by plant biologists discussing so many facts
of plant intelligence.13.（ ）
Communication：A lot of evidence suggests that plants， trees in
particular， can communicate with one another.14.（ ） It is in some
ways similar to the Internet we use.The idea of plants forming such a
relationship to interact is considered as an evolutionary outcome.
Learning：15.（ ） What if plants can learn from experiences
like the dogs？The scientists designed experiments， whose goal was to
prove whether plants could learn， an idea that seemed
impossible.Ultimately， they succeeded in not only their experiments，
but also in proving that plants can actually learn.
Memory：As research and experiments continue into the plant
memory， people can’t help but ask the question “How can something
without a brain have memories？” Studies have determined that plants
can indeed learn and create memories.16.（ ）
Figuring out the “plant brain” question is the logical next step.As
more research comes in， it seems that plant intelligence is a very real
possibility.
A. Can plants be taught？
B. The plant biology community launched a campaign.
C. This communication occurs through underground networks.
D. It makes no sense to research plant communication methods.
E. They can display their memory recall through learned response.
F. The following behavioral characteristics are from the experiments.
G. Therefore， the plant biology community claimed it was completely
baseless.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了智慧植物及其特
征。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了智慧植物及其特
征。
12. G G项中的completely baseless与空前一句中的previously unheard
of相匹配，故G项符合语境。
13. F 下文列举了智慧植物的三个行为特征。F项 （这些实验得出了
以下行为特征）引起下文，符合语境。
14. C C项中的This communication与上文的communicate with one
another相呼应；C项中的underground networks与下文中的the Internet相
呼应。故C项符合语境。
15. A 根据空前的Learning和下文中的learn from experiences以及
whether plants could learn可知，A项（植物可以被训练吗？）符合本
段主旨，与下句衔接紧密，由两个问句引出本段话题。
16. E 本段讲的是植物有记忆。E项与记忆有关，且E项中的memory
与上句的memories是原词复现，They指代上句中的plants。
Ⅲ.应用文写作
你校英文报正在举办主题为Observing Nature的征文活动。请你写
一篇英语短文投稿，内容包括：
1. 你的观察；
2. 你的感悟。
注意：1.写作词数应为80左右；
2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
参考范文：
A moment in nature
Once， as I sat beneath the shelter of a tree， the world around me
burst into a glorious display.Birds sang melodiously， butterflies danced
in flowers， and a gentle breeze whispered through the trees.It was a
symphony of sights and sounds， which left me amazed.
At that moment， I realized the profound wisdom that nature
holds.Simply spending a moment appreciating nature’s wonders can be a
soul-cleansing experience.Nature offers us so many things from which we
can find harmony within ourselves and with the world around us.(共99张PPT)
单元质量检测（六） Nature in words
（满分150分，时间120分钟）
第一部分 听力（共两节，满分30分）
第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、
C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间
来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1. Where are the speakers？（ ）
A. In a supermarket.
B. In a restaurant.
C. At home.
2. What did the woman do today？（ ）
A. She cleaned the car.
B. She bought an umbrella.
C. She listened to the weather forecast.
3. How will the speakers go to the bookstore？（ ）
A. By bike. B. By bus. C. By taxi.
4. What does the woman probably feel about Mary？（ ）
A. Doubtful. B. Confident. C. Concerned.
5. What are the speakers mainly talking about？（ ）
A. Preparing for a test.
B. Eating during an exam.
C. Getting a medical exam.
第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中
所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你
将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟
的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
6. Where are the two speakers？（ ）
A. In a car.
B. At the Capitol exit.
C. At an accident spot.
7. What will the speakers do next？（ ）
A. Try to avoid traffic jams.
B. Listen to some music.
C. Buy some Beatles albums.
听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。
8. What’s the weather like now？（ ）
A. Sunny. B. Snowy. C. Rainy.
9. What is the man’s job probably？（ ）
A. A lawyer. B. A waiter. C. A travel agent.
听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。
10. How long did the man work in France？（ ）
A. For about five years.
B. For about seven years.
C. For about ten years.
11. Why is the woman here？（ ）
A. To give a class.
B. To learn the piano.
C. To pick up her son.
12. How do the speakers feel after realising where each other lives？
（ ）
A. Disappointed.
B. Surprised.
C. Concerned.
听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。
13. Why is the man attracted by basketball games？（ ）
A. He is good at basketball skills.
B. His father is a fan of basketball games.
C. The result is changeable and unpredictable.
14. What does the woman usually do at weekends？（ ）
A. Stay in the dormitory.
B. Go skateboarding.
C. Watch music videos.
15. Where will the woman spend this weekend？（ ）
A. At home.
B. In the gym.
C. In the dormitory.
16. What do the man and the woman have in common？（ ）
A. They both have favourite sports.
B. Their favourite sports are risky.
C. They practise their favourite sports together.
听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。
17. What kind of trip had the speaker been expecting？（ ）
A. A sea diving trip.
B. A river diving trip.
C. A lake diving trip.
18. Where did the speaker go on his diving trip？（ ）
A. To Indonesia.
B. To the USA.
C. To Australia.
19. What did the speaker see on his diving trip？（ ）
A. Sharks. B. Whales. C. Flying fish.
20. How many dives did the speaker do on the third day？（ ）
A. Three. B. Four. C. Five.
听力材料：
（Text 1）
W：So， what do you think of the lamb？
M：It’s pretty good， but I think the lamb you make at home is
better.
W：You’re sweet to say that.Oh， can you get the waiter’s
attention for me？
（Text 2）
M：I saw you washed the car today.I guess I’ll bring my umbrella
to work.
W：Why would you do that？
M：It always rains right after you wash the car.
（Text 3）
M：Would you like to go with me to the new bookstore tomorrow
morning？
W：I’d love to.But only if we go there by bike rather than by bus or
by taxi.
M：No problem.We can use Mobike.
（Text 4）
M：There is a good chance that Mary will get home today.
W：Well， I hope she drives carefully.You know how the traffic is
this time of year.
M：Oh， Mary’s a good driver.Have confidence in her.
（Text 5）
W：Can we eat food during the test？
M：Only drinks are allowed， unless you have a medical excuse.
W：I need to eat every hour， or my blood pressure will drop.
（Text 6）
M：Oh， there’s another traffic jam on the highway！
W：How can there be traffic jams on the 16-lane highway every
day？
M：There are just too many people， and too many cars.
W：I wonder if there is an accident.
M：No， they just said that too many people were trying to get off at
the Capitol exit.
W：Well， let’s put on some music.We’re going to be stuck in
this for a while.
M：All right， what do you want to listen to？
W：How about some Beatles music？
M：Yeah， all right.
（Text 7）
W：Oh， I wish that bus would come！ My feet are freezing！ I
suppose I’ve been here for ten minutes or so.
M：That’s long enough in the winter.
W：This morning， the sun was shining ... even though they were
predicting light rain.
M：But it started to snow one hour ago.They’re still predicting two
or three inches.
W：Well， I won’t go into the office tomorrow.I’ll just work from
home.
M：What do you do？
W：I’m a lawyer.My office is around the corner.
M：Oh， I work in the same building， in that travel agency next to
the lobby.I’ve seen you walk by several times.Stop in and have a
cup of coffee sometime.
W：OK.
（Text 8）
W：What a surprise to see you here， Frank！
M：Jane？ It’s you， right？ I can’t believe it.It’s been almost
ten years since we last met.
W：Yeah， that was at Lisa’s birthday party.You left for France the
following day.So when did you come back to the States？
M：Five years ago.I worked in France， got married there， and
then after my daughter was born， came back here with my
family.So， what are you up to here？
W：Oh， I’m here to pick up my son.He’s in the piano
class.What about you？
M：I’m here to pick up my daughter.She’s in the dance class.Do
you live near here？
W：Yeah， just two blocks east.What about you？
M：About five blocks west.That’s really shocking.We live just
about seven blocks away from each other， and we haven’t met for
five years.
W：That’s really something.Oh， there’s the bell！ Hey， let me
get your phone number before all the kids come out.
M：OK.
（Text 9）
W：It’s Saturday tomorrow.So， what’s your plan？
M：I’m so exhausted this week.I’ll stay at home and relax
myself.
W：You mean you’ll get some sleep and watch several basketball
games， huh？
M：Yes， especially the game of Cavaliers.
W：Why do you love basketball games so much？
M：Basketball games are exciting.The outcome can be changed in
only a few seconds.And there are fascinating skills.How about you？
What will you do this weekend？ Go skateboarding as usual？
W：I’m worn out， too， and I’ll stay in the dormitory and see
some videos about skateboarding.
M：How long have you been skateboarding？ Three years or four
years？ I don’t remember it exactly.
W：About four years.During those four years， I watched videos
about skateboarding and practised the skills once and once again.You
may feel it boring and painful， but I take delight in it.Every advance
in skills brings me a great sense of fulfillment.Every time I jump into
the sky， I feel I’m flying.
M：Wow， amazing.
（Text 10）
M：My name is Jake， and I recently went on a diving trip with
my family — swimming under the water.
It was very exciting.I’d never gone diving in open water
before， like a river or a lake.And I had always been expecting a real
sea dive.I’d just done my diving training in a pool.I was really
looking forward to my first real sea dive.We couldn’t decide where
to go at first.We considered going somewhere in Indonesia or in
Australia， but then friends in the USA offered to let us stay with
them， so we went to the coast there， where there were perfect
diving conditions.
I was a bit worried as we were swimming around because we’d
heard there might be sharks in the area — only small ones， but it
didn’t matter！ So I was very scared when some big sea animals
came swimming toward us — but they turned out to be whales！ They
played with us in the water.We even managed to get some photos.We
hoped we’d see some flying fish — but no such luck.
Each day’s dives were completely different.We did three dives
on the first day， and four on the second， plus a few more on the
third — twelve dives altogether！ It was the best trip ever.
第二部分 阅读（共两节，满分50分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳
选项。
A
Shakespeare’s writing shaped our modern language， but how did
his plays describe the landscape of 15th-and 16th-century Britain？ This
guide will take you on a mini tour of the poet’s favoured locations.
Pontefract Castle， Yorkshire
In its prime， Pontefract Castle was one of the most powerful forts
（堡垒） in Europe， but its fearful reputation was once so strong that the
poet used it to suggest power and terror.In Richard Ⅱ， Pontefract is the
terrible scene of the king’s murder and three men are condemned to death
at the castle in Richard Ⅲ.Now， Pontefract is the perfect destination for
a fearful yet fascinating day out.
Sandal Castle， West Yorkshire
First built from wood in the 12th century， by the 13th century
Sandal Castle had become an impressive stone fort.In the 15th century，
the castle found itself at the centre of a long and bloody battle.It was this
conflict that inspired Shakespeare’s Henry Ⅵ.The site of the battlefield
is now a peaceful farm and all that remains of the once grand castle are
broken walls.
Dunsinane Hill， Perthshire
A castle built atop Dunsinane Hill in Scotland is one of the dramatic
backdrops to the blood-soaked horror of Shakespeare’s shortest
tragedy，Macbeth.Today， the hill has the remains of two forts， one of
which is the site on which the real Macbeth suffered a military defeat in
1054.
Forest of Arden， Warwickshire
Situated in Shakespeare’s home county of Warwickshire， Arden
was once a heavily wooded area and provided the complex setting for the
poet’s pastoral comedy.Visitors can enjoy several picturesque walks
around the young forest， which is now home to over a million new trees.
语篇解读：本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了几处与莎士比亚的经典
剧作有关的风景名胜。
语篇解读：本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了几处与莎士比亚的经典
剧作有关的风景名胜。
21. What did Shakespeare use Pontefract Castle to stand for？（ ）
A. Hope and anger. B. Life and death.
C. Power and fear. D. Past and history.
解析： 细节理解题。根据第二段第一句可知，莎士比亚把这
个地方看成是权力和恐惧的象征。
22. What is Shakespeare’s inspiration for Henry Ⅵ？（ ）
A. The surroundings of Sandal Castle.
B. A long battle happening at Sandal Castle.
C. The impressive buildings of Sandal Castle.
D. Shakespeare’s preference for Sandal Castle.
解析： 细节理解题。根据第三段中的In the 15th century， the
castle found itself at the centre of a long and bloody battle.It was this
conflict that inspired Shakespeare’s Henry Ⅵ.可知，莎士比亚创作
《亨利六世》的灵感来自一场持久的战争。
23. Where was Shakespeare born？（ ）
A. In Yorkshire. B. In West Yorkshire.
C. In Perthshire. D. In Warwickshire.
解析： 细节理解题。根据最后一段第一句中的Situated in
Shakespeare’s home county of Warwickshire可知，莎士比亚出生
在Warwickshire。
B
（2024·浙江G5联盟高二下期中）When I was a little boy growing
up， my mom， dad， brothers and I lived in my nana’s old house.It
was surrounded by four huge vegetable gardens.And around the house so
many flowers were planted.It was so beautiful there in the spring and
summer.That wasn’t all， though.On the back porch Nana had dozens
of potted plants hanging on hooks.She watered them， talked to them and
nurtured them.And in the winter she would carry them all inside and set
them on shelves near the windows of our enclosed front porch.There with
a little water and a lot of love she kept them alive， green， and growing
even during the coldest， darkest months.
As a boy I was puzzled by all the effort she put into them.I
understood the vegetable gardens.They helped to feed the family all winter
long.I even understood the flowers around the house.They were pretty and
smelled so sweet in the summer months.The reason she put so much effort
into caring for those potted plants， however， eluded me.They didn’t
give us any food and they rarely had any flowers on them.They remained a
mystery to my child’s mind.
Now as I’ve grown older I am beginning to understand why my nana
had those potted plants.It is the same reason I have so many pictures of
sunrises and forests hanging in my home.They remind me during the
dark， cold， winter months full of bare trees and yellow grass that
light， love， and growth still exist.They remind me that spring will
come again.They remind me that God loves us and is still with us even
when the earth doesn’t show it.
Today I see Nana’s potted plants in a new light.They are worth
every bit of the love and care she put into them.But what tells me most
about light and love is Nana herself.She is light to my soul even in my
darkest times.And her love lives on in my heart even if she is in
Heaven.May we all learn to love as she loved， shine as she shined， and
live as she lived.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。作者小时候不理解奶奶为什么喜欢
盆栽，随着年龄的增长，作者明白了盆栽是希望的象征。
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。作者小时候不理解奶奶为什么喜欢
盆栽，随着年龄的增长，作者明白了盆栽是希望的象征。
24. Which of the following is close in meaning to the underlined word
“eluded” in Paragraph 2？（ ）
A. Upset. B. Misguided.
C. Confused. D. Distracted.
解析： 词义猜测题。根据第二段最后两句可知，作者对于奶
奶费心照顾这些盆栽感到困惑，因为作者认为它们没有贡献任何
食物，而且也很少开花。故画线词意思是“困惑的”。
25. Why was Nana fond of potted plants？（ ）
A. They were a sign of hope.
B. They resembled sunrise and forests.
C. They constantly kept Nana company.
D. They were portable and easy to nurture.
解析： 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段最后三句可知，奶奶喜
欢盆栽是因为它们是希望的象征。
26. What is the author’s purpose in writing the passage？（ ）
A. To advocate growing potted plants.
B. To sing the praise of Nana’s spirit and love.
C. To stress the benefits of a positive lifestyle.
D. To recall beautiful memories spent with Nana.
解析： 写作意图题。根据最后一段内容可知，作者写本文的
目的是歌颂奶奶的精神和爱。
27. What’s the type of the passage？（ ）
A. A non-fiction.
B. A book review.
C. An agricultural leaflet.
D. A celebrity biography.
解析： 推理判断题。文章主要讲述了作者小时候不理解奶奶
为什么喜欢盆栽，随着年龄的增长，作者明白了盆栽是希望的象
征。由此可推知，本文是一篇关于奶奶的非小说类文学作品。
C
A study published in the journal People and Nature found that even in
the more remote and seldom visited national parks， the presence of even
just a few humans impacts the activity and behavior of wildlife that lives
there.
The study was based in Glacier Bay National Park， a remote coastal
area in south-east Alaska that is accessible only by boat or airplane.The
park only sees 40，000 people per year.“Glacier Bay is a great park to
explore what the lower limits are where humans start to affect wildlife
behavior，” said senior author Laura Prugh， from the University of
Washington （UW） School of Environmental and Forest Sciences.
The team worked with park staff （管理人员） to place 40 cameras
across 10 sites within the park.During the summers of 2017 and 2018，
the cameras detected humans and four animal species—wolves， black
bears， brown bears and moose.If humans were present in an area，
fewer than five animals per week were detected across all four species
studied.The team believed that the animals avoided the areas where
humans were present.In more remote backcountry areas （偏僻地区），
the wildlife detections dropped to zero each week even if there were only
40 visitors to the park per week.
“It was eye-opening to see the number of wildlife sightings we were
‘missing’ in backcountry areas of Glacier Bay，”lead author Mira
Sytsma， who completed this work as a UW graduate student， said in a
statement.“I was surprised that for all four species， wildlife detections
were always highest when there wasn’t any human activity.”
The findings supported some other research that showed that as
people go to national parks in record numbers， their presence is
impacting the animals who live there.“Our findings lend support to
concentrating human activities in some areas， because if you’re going
to go above zero human activity and it’s going to have an impact， you
might as well go way above zero in some areas and then have other areas
where you have almost no human activity，” Prugh said.“In those
areas， then， wildlife can live their natural lives unaffected by people.”
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。研究表明，再少的人类活动也会对
野生动物活动造成影响。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。研究表明，再少的人类活动也会对
野生动物活动造成影响。
28. Why was Glacier Bay chosen for the study？（ ）
A. It is less visited.
B. It is less populated.
C. It is easier to get to.
D. It is richer in animal species.
解析： 推理判断题。根据第二段内容可知，Glacier Bay国家公
园比较偏远，游客稀少。这在Prugh看来符合他们的研究目的——
探索人类开始影响野生动物行为的下限。
29. What did the team find about the animals in backcountry areas？
（ ）
A. They had less and less habitat due to tourism.
B. They had a great influence on human activities.
C. They showed up more in groups than individually.
D. They disappeared totally even with little human presence.
解析： 细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句可知，在更偏远的
区域，即使每周只有40位游客出现，野生动物也不会出现在人类
的视野中。
30. What did Sytsma think of the study？（ ）
A. It was amazing.
B. It was pioneering.
C. It was hard to explain.
D. It was easy to carry out.
解析： 推理判断题。根据第四段内容可知，研究结果让
Sytsma大开眼界，颇为惊讶。
31. What might Prugh suggest park staff do？（ ）
A. Control the number of visitors.
B. Set up human-free areas for animals.
C. Increase the number of animal species.
D. Move in animals that behave differently.
解析： 细节理解题。根据最后一段中Prugh说的话可知，Prugh
认为公园应划分人类活动区和无人区。
D
（2024·山东青岛二中高二下月考）Animals can adapt quickly to
survive unfavorable environmental conditions.Evidence is mounting to
show that plants can， too.A paper published in the journal Trends in
Plant Science details how plants are rapidly adapting to the effects of
climate change， and how they are passing down these adaptations to their
offspring （后代）.
Plants are facing more environmental stresses than ever.For
example， climate change is making winters shorter in many locations，
and plants are responding.“Many plants require a minimum period of
cold in order to set up their environmental clock to define their flowering
time，” says Martinelli， a plant geneticist at the University of
Florence.“As cold seasons shorten， plants have adapted to require
shorter periods of cold to delay flowering.These mechanisms allow plants
to avoid flowering in periods when they have fewer opportunities to
reproduce.”
Because plants don’t have neural （神经的） networks， their
memory is based entirely on cellular （细胞的），molecular （分子
的），and biochemical networks.These networks make up what the
researchers call somatic memory （体细胞记忆）.“It allows plants to
recognize the occurrence of a previous environmental condition and to
react accordingly，” says Martinelli.
These somatic memories can then be passed to the plants’ offspring
via epigenetics （表观遗传学）.“Several examples demonstrate the
existence of molecular mechanisms modulating plant memory to
environmental stresses and affecting the adaptation of offspring to these
stresses，” says Martinelli.
Going forward， Martinelli hopes to understand even more about the
genes that are being passed down.“We are particularly interested in
decoding the epigenetic alphabet without changes in DNA sequence （序
列），” he says.“This is especially important when we consider the
rapid climate change， we observe today that every living organism，
including plants， needs to quickly adapt to survive.”
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了植物像动物一样，
可以快速适应不利条件，同时分析了植物能快速适应不利条件，并
将这些适应传递给下一代的原因。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了植物像动物一样，
可以快速适应不利条件，同时分析了植物能快速适应不利条件，并
将这些适应传递给下一代的原因。
32. What adaptations have plants made to shortened cold seasons？
（ ）
A. They have shortened their flowering time.
B. They have got more chances to reproduce.
C. They have avoided flowering in cold seasons.
D. They have adjusted their environmental clock.
解析： 细节理解题。根据第二段中Martinelli说的Many plants
require a minimum period of cold in order to set up their
environmental clock to define their flowering time可知，为了适应缩
短的寒冷季节，植物会设置环境时钟来定义开花时间。
33. What can we learn about somatic memory？（ ）
A. It is entirely based on neural networks.
B. It can help the plants’ offspring to survive.
C. It can help relieve environmental stresses.
D. It disturbs the plants’ biochemical networks.
解析： 推理判断题。根据第四段首句可知，这些体细胞记忆
通过表观遗传学传给下一代。由此可以判断，体细胞记忆可以帮
助下一代生存下来。
34. What does the underlined word “modulating” mean in Paragraph
4？（ ）
A. Adjusting. B. Treasuring.
C. Recording. D. Sharing.
解析： 词义猜测题。根据第二段最后两句可知，这些机制使
植物能够调整自己在繁殖机会少的时期避免开花，这是植物调整
适应环境变化的结果。画线单词所在的句子谈论的是有几个例子
表明存在这样的“分子机制”调节植物记忆来适应环境的变化，
与第二段阐述的与“这些机制”允许植物调节花期适应环境的内
容相当，故画线词意为“调节”。
35. Which of the following is a suitable title for the text？（ ）
A. Plants Are Smart about Flowering Time
B. Plants Can Also Adapt to Climate Change
C. Environmental Stresses Challenge Plants
D. Mysteries of Plant Genes Are to Be Unfolded
解析： 标题归纳题。根据首段中的Animals can adapt quickly to
survive unfavorable environmental conditions.，再结合下文围绕该
话题举例说明和分析植物能快速适应不利条件的原因可知，本文
主要是陈述植物和动物一样能快速适应不利条件。
第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选
项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
（2024·辽宁鞍山高二下月考）Many films and TV shows will tell
you that sharks are scary and often eat beach-goers.36.（ ） Sharks
play an important ecological role in the ocean.
Many of these fish are top predators （捕食者）.They can help
control populations of other animals.However， other sharks serve as
clean-up crews， chowing down on migrating birds when they fall out of
the sky.37.（ ） Migrating land-based birds that fall from the sky as
they cross the Gulf of Mexico can end up in the belly of a young tiger
shark.But not all sharks are meat-eaters.38.（ ）
As a group， sharks are much， much older than we are.The first
shark — like fish appeared more than 400 million years ago.39.（ ）
Some have saw-toothed noses， and some may have big hooks on their
heads.
40. （ ） They have super-sensitive noses and use snouts （鼻
子） to find weak electrical signals from their food.Scientists are even
trying to design materials to imitate shark’s bacteria-battling skin.
A. But that’s simply not true.
B. There are many different birds.
C. Sharks also have a lot of fascinating talents.
D. They usually migrate in a very long distance.
E. Some are peaceful plant-eaters， like the whale shark.
F. Since that time， they’ve existed in many different forms.
G. Tiger sharks， for example， eat migratory birds that fall out of the
sky.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了鲨鱼的习性、天赋
和重要性。
36. A 空前一句讲鲨鱼不好的一方面，空后一句讲鲨鱼好的一方
面，前后形成转折。A项（但这不完全正确）符合语境。
37. G 空前一句说明有的鲨鱼会吃从空中落下的迁徙鸟，G项举例进
行说明，符合语境。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了鲨鱼的习性、天赋
和重要性。
38. E 空前一句说明并不是所有的鲨鱼都吃肉，E项（一些是和平的
食草鲨鱼，比如鲸鲨）符合语境。
39. F 上文说明鲨鱼存在很长时间了，下文说明鲨鱼长的样子各不相
同。F项（从那时起，它们就以许多不同的形式存在）承上启下，符
合语境。
40. C 下文说明鲨鱼本领高强。C项（鲨鱼也有很多惊人的天赋）符
合语境。
第三部分 语言运用（共两节，满分30分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳
选项。
Jarrett Little， a 31-year-old brick and concrete business owner，
was road-testing his mountain bike outside of Columbus， Georgia，
when his riding partner， Chris Dixon， 41 abruptly.Something in
the distance had caught her attention.It 42 to be a sandy-colored five-
month-old Great Dane mix.
The cyclists fed the friendly pup and 43 their water.They were
more than seven miles from downtown and riding bikes.However， they
couldn’t leave the dog behind with its ribs （肋骨） showing and a hind
leg 44 .
Little soon got an idea.He carefully 45 his new friend and
slipped the 38-pound dog’s hind legs into the back pockets of his cycling
shirt.Then he hung the dog’s front paws over his 46 .So badly
injured was the dog that he wasn’t 47 at all.He was kind of loving
their touch.
The 30 48 ride into town ended at a bike store， where they got
more water and food for the dog.That was when Andrea Shaw， a lawyer
from Maine in town on business， 49 to walk by.The dog made a
beeline for her， licking and “loving on her”.Shaw was 50 and，
after learning what had happened， declared her intention，“I
am 51 this dog.”
Shaw named him Columbo 52 the town where they’d met
and 53 an operation on his broken leg.Today， Columbo is living
the 54 life on a farm with a horse， a pony， and a six-year-old boy
to keep him 55 .He is literally the luckiest dog alive.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。狗狗Columbo在路上受伤，被31岁的
砖混企业老板Jarrett Little和同伴Chris Dixon在骑行途中救助，并碰
巧遇到律师Andrea Shaw，最后狗狗被Andrea Shaw收养，现在在农
场上过着自由自在的生活。
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。狗狗Columbo在路上受伤，被31岁的
砖混企业老板Jarrett Little和同伴Chris Dixon在骑行途中救助，并碰
巧遇到律师Andrea Shaw，最后狗狗被Andrea Shaw收养，现在在农
场上过着自由自在的生活。
41. A. sped B. turned
C. stopped D. backed
解析： 根据下文Something in the distance had caught her
attention.可知，此处是指Chris Dixon突然停了下来。
42. A. claimed B. proved
C. pretended D. seemed
解析： 此处是指事实证明这是一只5个月大的沙土色大丹
混血狗。
43. A. drank B. spilt C. boiled D. shared
解析： 根据上文fed the friendly pup可知，此处是指给小狗分
享他们的水。
44. A. destroyed B. broken
C. gone D. bandaged
解析： 根据上文with its ribs （肋骨） showing可知，此处是指
这只狗的后腿断了。
45. A. picked up B. cheered up
C. swept up D. straightened up
解析： 根据下文slipped the 38-pound dog’s hind legs into
the back pockets of his cycling shirt可知，此处是指他小心地
抱起这只狗。
46. A. chest B. waist
C. head D. shoulders
解析： 根据上文hung the dog’s front paws over可知，此处是
指他把狗的前爪搭在他的肩上。
47. A. fighting B. breathing
C. weeping D. walking
解析： 根据下文He was kind of loving their touch.可知，此处
是指狗根本就不挣扎。
48. A. seconds B. minutes
C. hours D. days
解析： 根据ride into town可知，此处是指进城30分钟的路程。
49. A. arranged B. meant
C. happened D. wanted
解析： 根据下文The dog made a beeline for her， licking and
“loving on her”.可知，此处是指Andrea Shaw碰巧路过。happen
to do sth意为“碰巧做某事”。
50. A. distracted B. fascinated
C. angered D. defeated
解析： 根据下文Shaw named him Columbo可知，此处是指
Shaw被深深吸引了，要收养这只狗。
51. A. keeping B. adapting
C. checking D. employing
解析： 参见上题解析。
52. A. in B. outside C. after D. on
解析： name ...after ...意为“以……为……命名”。
53. A. prevented B. performed
C. underwent D. scheduled
解析： 根据an operation on his broken leg可知，此处是指为狗
安排手术。
54. A. distant B. critical C. high D. long
解析： 此处是指Columbo在农场里过着奢华的生活，自由
自在。
55. A. company B. assistance
C. healthy D. close
解析： 此处是指有一匹马、一匹小马和一个六岁的男孩陪伴
着它。
第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正
确形式。
Cold Dew， the 17th solar term of the year， begins usually in
October.At this time， there are some interesting 56.
（phenomenon） you need to know.
Not only do temperatures drop significantly， but also rainfall
57. （reduce）.When the cold air encounters autumn
rain， it turns into misty rain or fog.When the humidity is high，
58. （fog） regions form in many areas of China.
People always say that fishing in shallow water in autumn makes
sense.That’s 59. temperatures decrease quickly and
sunshine doesn’t reach deep water thoroughly.Fish swim to shallow
water areas 60. the water temperature is 61.
（relative） high.
Pomegranates （石榴） are ripe during Cold Dew， releasing a
sweet scent.With their exquisite beauty， flavor and colour，
pomegranates never fail to attract people and have been cherished for
centuries also for 62. （they） health benefits and anti-
aging benefits.
Chrysanthemum （菊花） is the iconic flower of Cold
Dew.63. （prevent） autumn dryness， many regions in
China have the custom of drinking chrysanthemum wine， which is
thought to boost heart health by strengthening blood vessels and
64. （stimulate） blood flow.
During Cold Dew， North China takes on a look of late autumn with
white clouds， red leaves and early frost.People often climb hills with
cornels （茱萸） 65. the day of the Double Ninth
Festival， aiming to dispel evils.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一个节气——寒
露。
56. phenomena 考查名词复数。根据some可知，此处应用可数名词
phenomenon的复数。故填phenomena。
57. is reduced 考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。根据句意可知，
这里要用被动语态；由上文do可知，空处谓语动词需用一般现在时，
主语是不可数名词，谓语动词需用第三人称单数形式。故填is
reduced。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一个节气——寒
露。
58. foggy 考查词形转换。空处应用形容词作定语，修饰名词
regions。故填foggy。
59. because 考查表语从句。根据句意可知，空处表示“因为”，应
用引导词because引导表语从句。故填because。
60. where 考查定语从句。空处引导定语从句，先行词是shallow
water areas，在从句中作地点状语，故填where。
61. relatively 考查词形转换。空处应用副词作状语，修饰形容词
high。故填relatively。
62. their 考查代词。空处应用形容词性物主代词作 health benefits的
定语。故填their。
63. To prevent 考查非谓语动词。根据句子结构可知，空处为非谓语
动词。根据句意，此处表目的，应用动词不定式。位于句首，单词首
字母需大写。故填To prevent。
64. stimulating 考查非谓语动词。and表示并列，空处应与
strengthening形式保持一致，作介词by的宾语。故填stimulating。
65. on 考查介词。此处表示具体的某一天，应用介词on＋具体日
期。故填on。
第四部分 写作（共两节，满分40分）
第一节（满分15分）
（2024·山东临沂十九中高二下期中）上周末你参加了校学生会
组织的“认识我们身边的植物”活动。请你为校英文报写一篇报道，
内容包括：
1. 活动的过程；
2. 收获与感想。
注意：1.写作词数应为80左右；
2. 请按如下格式作答。
Getting to Know the Plants Around Us
参考范文：
Getting to Know the Plants Around Us
Last weekend， I participated in a “Getting to Know the Plants
Around Us” activity organised by our Students’ Union.
The activity began with a lecture by a local botanist， who taught us
about the different characteristics and uses of various plant species.We
then went on a natural walk to observe and collect samples of different
plants.Throughout the event， I was struck by the incredible variety of
plants that exist in our world and learned about plants that are used for
medical purposes， as well as those that provide food and shelter for
animals.I also gained a greater appreciation for the role that plants play in
maintaining the balance of our ecosystem.
Overall， it was a valuable and enriching experience.
第二节（满分25分）
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构
成一篇完整的短文。
（2024·辽宁名校联盟高二下月考）Kim’s family moved
frequently from one place to another due to his father’s profession.Kim
had to start a new school every few years.Therefore， Kim’s school life
was terrible.He didn’t have any best friends.
One day， Kim went to his classmate Rocky’s home.As soon as
they entered the house， Rocky’s pet jumped on Rocky and started
licking his face.Rocky said， “My doggy loves me very much.Animals
can’t speak， but they have feelings， too.” His words were so touchy
that Kim thought about keeping a pet.
Kim talked with his mother.She was afraid of dogs.She said that if
Kim kept a dog at home， then it would be entirely his responsibility.The
real task for Kim was his father.They were pure vegetarian.His father
knew that animal needs meat for growth， which he never bought in the
market.Therefore， he said a clear no to Kim’s demand.
One day， Kim saw a puppy in the park， who was in pain because
of an injured ear.The puppy was weeping.Kim couldn’t stop himself and
took it home.He took good care of it and decided to keep it permanently at
home.When his father saw the dog， he scolded Kim， the little pup
sitting in the corner and listening to them.Since Kim requested him a lot，
finally， he agreed unwillingly.
Kim named that cute puppy Dooner.He trained Dooner and took care
of his food， water， and cleanliness.Dooner and Kim became good
friends.Everyone loved Dooner except Kim’s father.Every time his
father got home， Dooner would hide somewhere in the house.
Then the day came when the results of the examination were
declared.Kim failed in one subject， which made Kim’s father
disappointed.He scolded Kim and even blamed Dooner for Kim’s
failure.
注意：1.续写词数应为150左右；
2. 请按如下格式作答。
Dooner hid himself in the corner， listening to everything.
Although Dooner had left the house for several days， he decided
to pick up Kim’s father’s wallet on the ground of the market and
returned it.
参考范文：
Dooner hid himself in the corner， listening to everything.He felt the
tension in the air and understood that his presence was somehow connected
to Kim’s scolding.With a heavy heart， Dooner decided to leave to
prevent further trouble for Kim.That night， he quietly slipped out of the
house and into the darkness.Kim woke up the next morning to find Dooner
missing.He searched everywhere but found no trace of his beloved
pet.Days later， as Dooner roamed the streets， he stumbled upon
Kim’s father’s wallet lying on the ground at the market.
Although Dooner had left the house for several days， he decided to
pick up Kim’s father’s wallet on the ground of the market and returned
it.As he approached the house， he saw Kim’s father frantically
searching for something.Understanding the situation， Dooner carefully
placed the wallet at Kim’s father’s feet and barked to get his
attention.Surprised and grateful， Kim’s father picked up the wallet and
looked at Dooner with new-found respect.He realized that the dog was
more than just a pet； he was a loyal and intelligent companion.From that
day on， Kim’s father’s attitude towards Dooner changed， and he
welcomed him back into their home with open arms.(共24张PPT)
单元素养提升
◇本单元语法学了什么内容？ ◇自我评价
◇本单元写作练了哪个方面？ 回顾单元知识·提高语言能力
一、 核心单词
1. adj. 一周一次的，每周的
2. n. 刮胡子
3. n. 开阔的景观，景色
4. v. 变弯曲
5. n. 教堂
6. n. 儿歌，童谣
7. v. 改进；增强
8. n. 小麦
weekly
shaving
prospect
bend
church
rhyme
enhance
wheat
9. adj. 轻柔的；温和的
10. v. 吹过，掠过
11. v. 禁止，取缔
12. n. 合唱曲
13. number 一打；许多
14. n. 推出，发起
15. n. 名誉，名望
16. n. 钻石
gentle
sweep
ban
chorus
dozen
launch
reputation
diamond
Ⅰ.选用上面单词并用其适当形式填空
1. He forward and gave a kiss softly on her forehead.
2. In the next five years， China will continue to the old age
pension payment level gradually to safeguard people’s livelihoods.
3. They rank him as a realistic painter， who has gained a
good .
4. Although the use of certain pesticides has been in many
countries， some farmers still secretly use them.
bent
enhance
reputation
banned
5. A space shuttle is incredibly exciting and inspiring to
witness.
6. Much damage has been caused by the storm which across
the north of England last night.
7. She checks her emails ， and when she finds an important
one， she immediately takes action.
launch
swept
weekly
二、拓展单词
1. n.检查员，巡视员→inspect v.检查
2. v.坚称，坚决认为→insistence n.坚持，坚决要求
3. adj.天真无邪的→innocence n.天真；清白，无辜
4. adj.仔细的；缜密的→thoroughly adv.仔细地；
谨慎地
5. adj.精确的；一丝不苟的→precisely adv.精确地；一丝
不苟地
inspector
insist
innocent
thorough
precise
6. n.优美；简洁→elegant adj.优美的；简洁的
→elegantly adv.优美地
7. adj.具有强烈信念的→passion n.强烈情感，激情
elegance
passionate
Ⅱ.用所给单词的适当形式填空
1. It was her natural （elegant） that struck me， and I fell
in love with her at first sight.
2. This manager claims that he has evidence which can prove
his （innocent）.
3. Although he had studied the subject （thorough）， he
still felt a bit nervous when presenting his findings.
4. He went home very late last night， or， more
（precise）， in the early hours of this morning.
5. She was a Spanish woman with a （passion） nature.
elegance
innocence
thoroughly
precisely
passionate
三、重点短语
1. 不停地谈
2. 发生，到来
3. （战争、火灾等）爆发
4. 冒着……的风险
5. 醒来
6. 出现；显露；出版；开花；公布，揭晓
7. 把……转变成……
8. 对……的渴望
9. 参加
talk away
come round
break out
at the risk of
wake up
come out
transform ...into ...
longing for
participate in
10. 使……意识到，使……认识到
11. 给……造成伤害
12. 催促某人做某事
13. ……的目标
14. 支持
15. ……的努力/尝试
16. 许多
17. 大约
18. 被视为
19. 而不是
cause harm to
urge sb to do sth
a target for
stand by
attempt to
dozens of
or so
be regarded as
rather than
alert ...to
Ⅲ.选用上面短语并用其适当形式填空
1. As the smallest child of his family， Alex is always the
day when he is independent.
2. Only when the fish were hard to find in the river did they begin
to the government.
3. Alice promised me to to keep you company today.
4. He has distinguished himself many times his life
since he joined the army.
longing for
stand by
come round
at the risk of
5. What is known to us is that eating too much junk food
our health.
6. In only 20 years， the country an
advanced industrial power.
7. Honesty the traditional virtue of our Chinese nation.
8. There are fifty students in each class in our school.
causes harm
to
has been transformed into
is regarded as
or so
四、经典句式
1. find＋宾语＋宾语补足语
You go to bed in one kind of world and wake up to
（发现自己在另一个完全不同的世界
里）， and if this is not magic， then where is it to be found？
2. 形容词短语作状语
Many people spoke of them， （茫然困
惑、惴惴不安）.
find yourself in
another quite different
puzzled and disturbed
3. though引导的倒装让步状语从句
This is not so much because of the quality of her arguments，
（虽然它们很有力）， but because of the beauty
and elegance of her writing.
strong
though they are
Ⅳ.句式仿写
1. When he went into the library， he
.
当他走进图书馆时，发现很多学生埋头看书。
2. ， Tony stood up and accepted the prize.
既惊讶又高兴，托尼站起来领了奖。
3. ， he didn’t like waiting that long.
虽然他很有耐心，但他不喜欢等那么长时间。
found many students buried their
heads in books
Surprised and happy
Patient though he was
整合话题元素·增强思维品质
一、自然景象
1. magic adj. 有魔力的，神奇的
2. fascinating adj. 迷人的
3. snowy season 雪季
4. quietness n. 安静，平静
5. carpet v. 把……厚厚地覆盖
6. dead white 寂然的白色
7. pale blue 浅淡的蓝色
8. light n. 光，光线
9. come out 出来，出现；出版
10. shine v. 照射
11. fresh adj. 新鲜的
12. bloom v. 开花
13. clear sky 晴朗的天空
二、环境危害
1. pesticide n. 杀虫剂
2. poisonous adj. 有毒的
3. ban v.& n. 禁止；取缔；禁令
4. consume v. 消耗；挥霍
5. absorb v. 吸收
6. filter v. 过滤
7. desert v. 遗弃，抛弃
8. silence n. 寂静
9. damage v. 损害，毁坏
10. human activity 人类活动
11. natural ecosystem 自然生态系统
12. harmful adj. 有害的
13. chemical n.& adj. 化学品；化学的
三、环保意识
1. responsible adj. 有责任的
2. limited adj. 受……限制的
3. monitor v. 监督，监视
4. urge v. 催促，敦促
5. aware of 意识到
6. solve v. 解决
7. alarming adj. 引起恐慌的
8. environmental awareness 环保意识
9. impact n.& v. 影响
10. immediate adj. 立即的，即刻的
11. far-reaching adj. 深远的，广泛的
12. establish v. 建立；创建
13. be regarded as 被认为
14. milestone n. 里程碑
15. launch v. 推出，发起
16. critic n. 批评家，评论员
