(共95张PPT)
单元质量检测（二）
Natural disasters
（满分150分，时间120分钟）
第一部分 听力（共两节，满分30分）
第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三
个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回
答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1. What happened to the man？（ ）
A. He was locked out.
B. He missed the train.
C. He lost his keys.
2. Where are the speakers？（ ）
A. At a gym.
B. At a restaurant.
C. At a cinema.
3. What does the woman dislike about her trip？（ ）
A. The weather.
B. The traffic.
C. The scenery.
4. When will the conference begin？（ ）
A. At 7：30.
B. At 8：30.
C. At 9：00.
5. What are the speakers talking about？（ ）
A. A job position.
B. A fellow worker.
C. A new office.
第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中
所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你
将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟
的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
6. How long does it take to get to Washington by train？（ ）
A. An hour.
B. One and a half hours.
C. Two hours.
7. How much is the ticket to Washington？（ ）
A. $30. B. $40. C. $45.
听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。
8. What seems to be the man’s problem？（ ）
A. He doesn’t sleep well.
B. He has no more pills.
C. He can’t focus properly.
9. What is the man advised to do？（ ）
A. Stay home from work.
B. Have a check-up.
C. Stop feeling anxious.
听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。
10. Who reached the top of Mount Qomolangma？（ ）
A. Ellen. B. Jonathan. C. Heather.
11. How long did the man spend on his adventure travel？（ ）
A. 96 days. B. 4 months. C. 1 year.
12. What does the woman think about doing in the future？（ ）
A. Walking through a national park.
B. Cycling along a country road.
C. Camping out in the mountains.
13. What is Julian doing？（ ）
A. Planning her budget.
B. Conducting an interview.
C. Giving advice on studies.
14. Which costs Matt most each month？（ ）
A. Food. B. Clothes. C. Books.
听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。
16. What is the probable relationship between the speakers？（ ）
A. Strangers. B. Schoolmates.
C. Co-workers.
听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。
17. What was the previous world basketball marathon record？（ ）
A. 84 hours. B. 90 hours. C. 96 hours.
15. How much does Matt spend on sports a month？（ ）
A.About ＄15. B.About ＄30. C.About ＄50.
18. When did those players begin their basketball marathon？（ ）
A. 9：00 in the morning.
B. 2：00 in the afternoon.
C. 6：00 in the evening.
19. What happened to those players on the first night？（ ）
A. They had mental illness.
B. They could hardly fall asleep.
C. They suffered from much pain.
20. How did those players look in the last few minutes？（ ）
A. Energetic. B. Upset. C. Tired.
听力材料：
（Text 1）
M：Know what？ I couldn’t get back into my apartment， and had to
stay at a hotel last night.
W：How did that happen？ Did you lose your keys？
M：No， I left them in the apartment. And my wife was on a business
trip.
（Text 2）
M：Wow， so many choices， and so many people. So， what kind of
film do you want to see？
W：It’s up to you. But nothing too violent， please.
（Text 3）
M：How was your trip to London？
W：It was fantastic. I visited a lot of places： museums and royal
palaces. And the weather was fine. Horrible traffic， though.
（Text 4）
W：How much time do we have before the conference？ We don’t have
to hurry， do we？
M：Don’t worry. It’s 7：30 now. We still have an hour and a half. It
takes only thirty minutes to get there.
（Text 5）
M：Hey！ Did you see Ann in the office this morning？
W：Yes， but why did she have such a long face？
M：I’m not sure. I heard she failed to get promoted.
（Text 6）
W：What time is the next train to Washington？
M：That’s 9：15 on Track 14.
W：When does it get there？
M：It’s scheduled to arrive at 10：45.
W：How much is the ticket for it？
M：It’s $30.
（Text 7）
M：What about the problems I’ve been having？
W：Not serious. Take some medicine and you will get a better night’s
sleep.
M：Thank you. How should I take the medicine？
W：Take one pill about thirty minutes before you go to bed.
M：How long should I take them？
W：Thirty days.
M：Is there anything else I can do？
W：Don’t worry so much about things at work.
M：Should I stay home from work？
W：No， it’s not necessary. Just remember to stay calm.
（Text 8）
M：Hey， Heather！ Can I sit here？
W：Yeah， sure， Jonathan. How’s your day？
M：Good. Say， are you planning your summer travels？
W：Well ... not yet. I was just reading a story about this woman， Ellen
Wilson， who climbed up Mount Qomolangma.
M：Yeah， I read that， too. A rather extraordinary experience， isn’t
it？ 96 days. She is actually a graduate of our college， the class of 2012.
W：Oh， really？ So， Jonathan， what amazing thing have you done？
M：Well ... I just went cycling across South America.
W：You didn’t！
M：I did. Just last year before I entered the graduate school. It was such a
brilliant time. 4 months on the road enjoying wonderful scenery in the
country， in towns and in cities all along the way. I got a bit tired，
though.
W：Sounds great！ Hmm ... maybe I should think seriously about my
big life adventure， like taking a long walk across a national park.
M：Wow！Let me know if you need someone to go with you.
（Text 9）
W：Hi， Matt！ May I ask you a few questions？
M：Certainly， Julian！ What do you want to know？
W：I’m doing a study on the spending habits of students in our school.
I’m writing a paper for my Social Studies course.
M：That sounds interesting.
W：To begin with， how much money do you get from your parents a
month？
M：I get about 500 dollars.
W：How do you spend your money？
M：I spend about 300 dollars on food. You know how I like to eat.
W：Yes. What about the rest of the money？
M：Well， I spend on shows， about 30 dollars a month. Games，
er ... for rental of the tennis court and balls， about 50 dollars. I do
spend some on things like reading material. And the rest I save.
W：What about clothes？
M：My mother buys them for me.
W：Thanks a lot， Matt！
M：You’re welcome.
（Text 10）
W：A group of 17-year-old schoolboys decided to break the world
basketball marathon record. They wanted to play for 90 hours and add 6
hours to the record. Each team had 9 players， with 5 at a time. The boys
decided each person would play 21.5 hours and then rest for 2 hours.
Then they started at 6 o’clock in the evening.
The first night was very hard for the players. When it was their turn to
rest， they were too excited to fall asleep at once. After sleeping for a
short time， they had to play again. On the second night， they fell asleep
as soon as they stopped. Some of them had trouble with their feet and
hands， but the only serious problem was the mental one. Each boy was
thinking： Why am I doing this？ How can I play any longer？ After the
third night， the players knew they could finish the 90 hours. The
basketball on the fourth night was very slow. But in the final hours， the
players got better. For the last few minutes， the players looked as fresh
as when they started.
第二部分 阅读（共两节，满分50分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳
选项。
A
THE BOB BAKER MARIONETTES COME TO YOU！
Book a marionette （牵线木偶） show to come to your backyard，
neighbourhood park， school， or simply anywhere there’s fun to be
had！ For over 55 years， the Bob Baker Marionettes （BBMT） have
been taking their show on the road， and they can’t wait to come to
YOU！ We have several choices to suit any size celebration or event.
One-Man Show （$350）
·25-minute performance
·A single performer and 12 marionettes perform a set variety show of
endless joy！
·Space Required： 10 ft×15 ft
Two-Man Show （$650）
·25-minute performance
·Two performers and 25 marionettes help you create amazing
memories！
·Several theme options： Something to Crow About， The CIRCUS，
and Hallowe’en SpOoKtAcUlAr！
·Space Required： 15 ft×20 ft
Notes：
·Please make your show request at least 3 weeks in advance.
·For all show options， the travel fee is included for the first 25 miles！
Distances over 25 miles from our Highland Park location at 4949 York
Blvd will incur （带来） an additional travel fee of $50 flat.
All shows are self-contained.The show is done to a pre-recorded
tape.We’ll bring the speaker system； we just ask for a power outlet
（电源插座）.After the show， we pride ourselves on showing off the
historic and beautiful marionettes， and answering questions from our
audience！
For Birthday Celebrations， our marionettes will bring a gift to
celebrate the birthday person， and sing “Happy Birthday” along with
the audience！
READY TO BOOK A BOB BAKER TRAVELING SHOW？
Please send us a message！
语篇解读：本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了一个牵线木偶表演的服
务项目。
语篇解读：本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了一个牵线木偶表演的服
务项目。
21. How much should people pay for a two-man show performed 30 miles
from BBMT？（ ）
A. $350. B. $400.
C. $650. D. $700.
解析： 细节理解题。根据Two-Man Show （$650）和Notes部
分中Distances over 25 miles from our Highland Park location at 4949
York Blvd will incur （带来） an additional travel fee of $50 flat.可
知，预订地点距离BBMT的位置超过25英里的需要统一额外支付
50美元的路费。故一共需要支付700美元。
22. What should people prepare to enjoy a Bob Baker traveling show？
（ ）
A. A square room. B. A power outlet.
C. A tape recorder. D. A speaker system.
解析： 细节理解题。根据倒数第三段中We’ll bring the
speaker system； we just ask for a power outlet （电源插座）.可
知，人们需要准备一个电源插座。
23. What can a birthday person do at his birthday celebrations？（ ）
A. Try out the marionettes.
B. Sing with the marionettes.
C. Get a present from the marionettes.
D. Choose his favourite marionettes to perform.
解析： 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中For Birthday
Celebrations， our marionettes will bring a gift to celebrate the
birthday person可知，在生日庆祝活动中，木偶会给过生日的人带
来一份礼物。
B
When Hurricane Ian hit Florida， Karen Lauder refused to leave her
home because she was wrong about the intensity （强度） of the
storm.Karen is 84 years old and depends on a wheelchair to get around
because she is missing a leg.Her son， Johnny Lauder， tried repeatedly
to get her to leave， but she refused.
Johnny and his whole family live within a few blocks of one
another.They kept in touch with Karen as the storm continued violently
outside， watching the water rising dangerously all around them.When
Karen reported that the water in her house had reached her bottom，
Johnny knew he had to take action.
First， Johnny ensured his sons and their pets were taken care
of.Then， he jumped out of a window and began to swim.Johnny used to
work as a rescue swimmer.He is obviously a strong swimmer， but the
flood water was filled with dangerous materials.There was also a strong
current， and he had to swim against it for most of his trip to Karen’s.As
he made his way through the water， Johnny stopped periodically to snap
selfies （拍自拍） to show his worried family that he was okay.
Johnny was racing against the clock.He knew he only had a short
period of time to get there before the water rose above Karen’s head.It
took him 40 minutes to swim four blocks.The sound of Karen’s shouting
inside was music to his ears！
“If it would’ve been 20 minutes later， she wouldn’t be here，”
Johnny said.“She’s never been happier to see me.”
Karen is now safe， although she is in the hospital being treated for
infections （感染） she got in the water.The family have all lost
everything they owned， including their houses， but they’re grateful
just to be here.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。飓风来袭时，一位男士及时地解救
了他的母亲。
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。飓风来袭时，一位男士及时地解救
了他的母亲。
24. Why did Karen decide to stay in her house when Hurricane Ian
came？（ ）
A. She had nowhere to go.
B. She was too old to move.
C. She thought the storm was not violent.
D. She lost her wheelchair and was unable to leave.
解析： 细节理解题。根据第一段首句中Karen Lauder refused to
leave her home because she was wrong about the intensity （强度）
of the storm和最后一句可知，尽管Karen的儿子多次劝她，但是她
认为飓风的强度没那么大，所以拒绝离开她的房子。
25. Why did Johnny take selfies along the way to Karen’s home？
（ ）
A. To record his swimming trip.
B. To show off his swimming skills.
C. To warn other rescuers of danger.
D. To report his safety to his family.
解析： 细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句可知，Johnny在游
泳去救母亲的途中不时停下来自拍，是为了向担心他的家人表明
他没事，即向家人报平安。
26. How did Johnny feel when he heard Karen shouting？（ ）
A. Curious. B. Relieved.
C. Confused. D. Frightened.
解析： 推理判断题。根据第四段内容，并结合第二段最后一
句和第五段中Johnny所说的话可知，Johnny去救母亲时无法确定
她当时的安危，因此当他听到母亲的叫喊声时，感觉就像听到了
音乐声，即感到宽慰，因为那表示她还活着。
27. What is the best title for the text？（ ）
A. Mother and Son
B. Man Battles Hurricane
C. Hurricane Unites People
D. Timely Rescue in Hurricane
解析： 标题归纳题。通读全文可知，本文主要讲述了飓风来
袭时，一位男士及时地解救了他的母亲的故事。因此，D项最适
合作本文标题。
C
Great efforts have been made to close the gender （性别） pay
gap.But not all fields of work are created equal.
Alexandra Light， who has been doing ballet since she was two years
old， says even the dance world is dominated （主宰） by men at the
top.“A lot of people on the outside of the dance world still don’t
realize，” she said， “in the industry， it’s still very much a boys’
game.”
Tracey Rockett， who teaches management practice at Texas
Christian University， says she can point to any number of studies that
show the wide gulf （鸿沟） between women and management.That gulf
persists even in fields dominated by women.
“In public schools， for example， men are in the minority， but to
keep them， very often， they will be offered promotion opportunities
much earlier than women are，” Rockett said.“You see that in the
restaurant industry， in education， in healthcare， and in dance.”
According to the Dance Data Project， among the largest 150 ballet
companies in America， only a quarter of works produced last year were
choreographed （编舞） by women.
Light is a lead dancer.She knows the difficulties in reaching the
position where she is now.“You know， there’s a choreographic
workshop， and you don’t sign up for that because you’re like，
‘Well， I need to， I need to dance，’” Light said.
During the pandemic， women quit the workforce in larger
numbers.They reported larger rates of burnout while taking on the extra
burden of childcare.At companies where women often take the lead on
efforts of diversity and equity， they typically don’t get additional pay.
But Rockett sees hope in Light’s generation， Gen Z （used to
describe Americans born during the late 1990s and early 2000s）.“That
is one thing we are seeing in particular with Gen Z. They will leave
without a backup job.If they’re dissatisfied， they’re going to take
off，” Rockett said.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。一些在传统上由女性主导的领域，
实质上还是由男性主宰。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。一些在传统上由女性主导的领域，
实质上还是由男性主宰。
28. What does Light reveal about the dance world in Paragraph 2？
（ ）
A. There are many boys dancing.
B. Men take up senior positions.
C. Many girls give up dancing in the end.
D. Women are not necessarily good dancers.
解析： 细节理解题。根据第二段中Light 所说的even the dance
world is dominated （主宰）by men at the top和in the industry，
it’s still very much a boys’ game可知，Light 认为，舞蹈领域的
主宰者是男性。
29. What does the underlined word “persists” in Paragraph 3 mean？
（ ）
A. Varies. B. Revives.
C. Balances. D. Continues.
解析： 词义猜测题。根据第四段Rockett所说的话可知，在公
立学校、餐饮业、教育、医疗保健、舞蹈等领域，男性被提拔为
上层管理者的机会更多。由此推断，Rockett说女性要想成为管理
者需要跨过巨大的鸿沟，即使是在女性主导的领域里，这一鸿沟
依然存在。
30. What feeling does Light express in Paragraph 6？（ ）
A. Confusion. B. Relief.
C. Helplessness. D. Eagerness.
解析： 推理判断题。根据第六段中Light所说there’s a
choreographic workshop， and you don’t sign up for that because
you’re like， “Well， I need to， I need to dance，”可知，Light
没报名参加舞蹈工作坊，因为她需要跳舞，以保住她领舞的位
置，她的话中满是无奈。
31. What does Rockett see in Gen Z？（ ）
A. They are unwilling to do just one job.
B. They are brave to say no to unfairness.
C. They always do what they have planned.
D. They choose to ignore the gender pay gap.
解析： 推理判断题。倒数第二段提到了在一些公司里，女性
在多元化和公平方面发挥着领导作用，但她们通常不会获得额外
的薪酬。根据最后一段中Rockett所说They will leave without a
backup job.If they’re dissatisfied， they’re going to take off可
知，Rockett从Z世代人身上看到了他们敢向不公平待遇说“不”
的勇气。
D
Every day at sunrise on the small French Polynesian island of
Rimatara， Tiraha Mooroa goes for a run with Koha， the dog.Koha has
an important job： to sniff out （嗅出） and kill any black rats he can
find.Koha is the island’s only defense against the invasive rats.Keeping
the island rat-free is vital： the rats， which arrive via boats and cargo
ships （货船）， are the single biggest threat to native birds of the Pacific
Islands， including the Rimatara lorikeet.The beautiful bird is critically
endangered — only 1，500 remain in the wild， and a third of the entire
population lives on tiny Rimatara island.Now， of the 118 islands in
French Polynesia， Rimatara is one of only three without the rats.
The lorikeet was once widespread in the South Pacific.By the 18th
century， however， it had already been hunted to near extinction by the
Polynesians， who prized the bird’s red feathers for making
headdresses.By 1900， the island’s queen， Temaeva V， banned
hunting of the birds， effectively preserving the remaining
population.Since the 1990s， however， the lorikeets have faced rising
threats.
Socio-environmental researcher Samuel Ravatua-Smith heads up a
nest observation program， launched by the conservation association Rima
Ura， to better understand the lorikeet and its population decline.The
program monitors all lorikeet nests on the island with Bluetooth-enabled
cameras.Ravatua-Smith’s face falls as he watches the footage （镜
头）.“The videos confirm that after the visit of a white-tailed
tropicbird， the two hatchlings are no longer in the nest.The while-tailed
tropicbird may be targeting and taking over lorikeet nests because of its
own habitat loss，” Ravatua-Smith says.
It’s an important finding that brings Rima Ura another step closer to
saving the lorikeet.This year， close to 100 new houses are set to be built
to provide housing for residents in need.The clearing and construction
may end up encompassing （涉及） more than half of the island.Rima
Ura works to educate residents of Rimatara about how they can help
protect the lorikeet， for instance encouraging locals to plant more fruit
trees around their houses.Members of Rima Ura who live on the island
also mark nesting trees and participate in reforestation initiatives.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。孔氏吸蜜鹦鹉濒临灭绝，里马塔拉
岛上的人为保护该物种作出了努力。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。孔氏吸蜜鹦鹉濒临灭绝，里马塔拉
岛上的人为保护该物种作出了努力。
32. What can we infer from Paragraph 1？（ ）
A. Koha’s efforts have worked.
B. Mooroa works on a cargo ship.
C. More dogs are needed on Rimatara island.
D. The Rimatara lorikeet’s threats are under control.
解析： 推理判断题。根据第一段前三句和最后一句可知，负
责清理外来老鼠的Koha的工作有了成效。
33. What was the main reason for the decline of the lorikeet’s number
during the 18th century？（ ）
A. Invasion of black rats.
B. Habitat destruction.
C. Food competition.
D. Human hunting.
解析： 细节理解题。根据第二段中的The lorikeet was once
widespread in the South Pacific.By the 18th century，
however， it had already been hunted to near extinction by the
Polynesians可知，十八世纪时，由于人们的捕猎导致孔氏吸蜜
鹦鹉的数量大量减少。
34. What does Ravatua-Smith discover？（ ）
A. The survival rate of the lorikeet’s newborns is increasing.
B. The lorikeet’s newborns are tended by other birds.
C. The lorikeets lose their habitat to other birds.
D. The lorikeets often stay in their nests.
解析： 推理判断题。根据第三段中Samuel Ravatua-Smith heads
up a nest observation program ...to better understand the lorikeet and
its population decline ...“The videos confirm that ...The white-
tailed tropicbird may be targeting and taking over lorikeet nests
because of its own habitat loss，”可知，Ravatua-Smith发现孔氏吸
蜜鹦鹉的巢穴被其他鸟类侵占。
35. Which measure is adopted by Rima Ura to save the Rimatara
lorikeet？（ ）
A. Limiting the number of tourists on the island.
B. Building man-made nests for the birds on the island.
C. Calling on people to stop building houses on the island.
D. Uniting residents on the island to plant lorikeet-friendly trees.
解析： 细节理解题。根据最后一段中的Rima Ura works to
educate residents of Rimatara about how they can help protect the
lorikeet， for instance encouraging locals to plant more fruit trees
around their houses.可知，Rima Ura组织当地岛民种植对孔氏吸蜜
鹦鹉有益的树来保护它们。
第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选
项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Research has shown that college students can learn as much， or
more， from peers as they do from instructors and textbooks.36.
（ ） Recent interviews with college students at Harvard University
revealed that nearly every senior who had been part of a study group
considered this experience crucial to his or her academic progress and
success.The list below describes several important activities that you and
your study group or learning team can collaborate （合作） on：
37. （ ）
After completing each week’s readings， team up with other
students to compare your highlighting and margin （页边）
notes.See if you all agree on what the author’s major points were
and what information in the chapter you should study for exams.
Sharing class notes.
Team up with other students immediately after class to share and
compare notes.38.（ ）
Doing library research.
39. （ ） Forming library research teams is an effective way to
develop a social support group for reducing this fear and for locating and
sharing information.
Meeting with the instructor.
Having your team visit the instructor during office hours to seek
additional assistance in preparing for exams is an effective team learning
strategy for several reasons.40.（ ） Your team visit also sends a
message to the instructor that you are serious about learning.
A. Working through homework together.
B. Comparing ideas about assigned readings.
C. This can be particularly helpful if you are shy.
D. It is a great way to review your understanding of it.
E. Studies show that many students are unfamiliar with library research
and sometimes experience “library anxiety”.
F. One teammate might have noticed something you missed， and the
same can also happen the other way around.
G. When students work effectively in a supportive group， the experience
can be helpful in improving academic achievement.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了小组学习的具体实施办
法及相应的益处。
36. G 设空处承接上一句。上一句讲了“大学生可以从同龄人那里
学到与从老师和书本那里同样多或更多的东西”，G项进一步说明了
向同龄人学习的好处，其中的a supportive group与下一句中的a study
group相呼应；improving academic achievement 与下文中的academic
progress and success相呼应。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了小组学习的具体实施办
法及相应的益处。
37. B 设空处为段落小标题，概括本段主旨。本段主要讲了通过和
小组成员比较和讨论针对阅读材料的批注来加深对阅读材料的理解并
为考试做准备。因此，B项符合语境。
38. F 设空处承接上一句。文章按照组队学习的几点建议以及其益处
行文，设空处前一句讲了和小组成员分享课堂笔记，因此设空处和该
学习方法的益处有关。F项中的something you missed指notes中漏掉的
知识。
39. E 设空处位于段首，引出本段话题。设空处所在段讲了“组建
图书馆研究小组及其益处”。E项中的library research是解题关键。
40. C 设空处承接上一句，与下一句为并列关系。上一句讲了“和
小组成员一起见导师是有效的学习策略，这是有原因的”，接下来设
空处和后一句一起给出具体原因。C项中的This指代前一句中的
Having your team visit the instructor ...preparing for exams。
第三部分 语言运用（共两节，满分30分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳
选项。
“When one door closes，” the saying goes， “another door
opens.” For one 41 dog， it appears that saying is also suitable for
doggy doors.
A dog named Sheldon took part in a program to 42 a service
dog.Unluckily， he couldn’t quite make the 43 .Whenever he
would 44 something interesting， Sheldon’s concentration flew out
of the window and all he wanted to do was 45 the source.
But the very thing that made him a failure as a service dog meant he
was likely 46 for another dog job.Sheldon was sent to the State Farm
Arson Dog Program， where his sensitive nose soon put him 47 the
class for detecting the accelerants （探测助燃剂） used to light illegal
fires.
48 John Tadlock of the Saginaw Fire Department， after
his 49 Sheldon went on to become the department’s best accelerant
detection dog.
In his first 50 ， Sheldon and his partner Tadlock were called to a
car shop to look into some cars that had been 51 under suspicious
（可疑的） circumstances.After three days， no one had been able to
figure out how the fire got started—but the cause wasn’t 52 to
Sheldon.“I put him to 53 .It took him about 30 seconds to give me
an alert （警报），” Tadlock said.Sheldon found the evidence with
no 54 .
For a dog with a super sense of smell， we guess whether you’re
tailing bad guys or hunting for a job， it’s always best to follow
your 55 .
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。一只不适合当服务犬的狗找到了新
工作——助燃剂探测犬。
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。一只不适合当服务犬的狗找到了新
工作——助燃剂探测犬。
41. A. old B. special C. lucky D. sick
解析： 根据下文内容可知，这只名叫Sheldon的狗很特别，他
灵敏的嗅觉虽然让他无法成为一只服务犬，却令它在消防队找到
了适合自己的工作。
42. A. help B. visit C. teach D. become
解析： 根据空前的took part in a program 和下段首句中的made
him a failure as a service dog 可知，Sheldon参加了一个成为服务犬
的项目。
43. A. difference B. mistake
C. grade D. change
解析： 根据句首的Unluckily以及下句Whenever he ...the
source.和下段首句中made him a failure as a service dog可知，
Sheldon容易被气味吸引的特性令它无法达到服务犬的标准。make
the grade达到要求的或预期的标准，成功。
44. A. find B. taste C. smell D. hear
解析： 根据空后的Sheldon’s concentration flew out of the
window、the source和下文中的his sensitive nose可知，每当
Sheldon闻到令它感到好奇的味道时，它的注意力就会不集中，它
只想去寻找气味的来源。
45. A. hunt down B. return to
C. learn about D. depend on
解析： 参见上题解析。
46. A. sorry B. perfect
C. famous D. responsible
解析： 根据空后的Sheldon was sent to the State Farm Arson Dog
Program和下段中Sheldon went on to become the department’s best
accelerant detection dog可知，虽然Sheldon不适合当服务犬，但却
是另一份狗狗工作（助燃剂探测犬）的完美犬选；被送到州立农
场纵火犬项目后，它灵敏的鼻子很快使它在探测非法纵火助燃剂
方面名列前茅。
47. A. in the front of B. at the bottom of
C. in the middle of D. at the top of
解析： 参见上题解析。at the top of the class 出类拔萃，居
首位。
48. A. Playing with B. Paired with
C. Agreeing with D. Faced with
解析： 根据下段首句中的his partner Tadlock可知，Sheldon和
John Tadlock是搭档。
49. A. graduation B. recovery
C. birth D. death
解析： 根据上段中的Sheldon was sent to the State Farm Arson
Dog Program可知，Sheldon被送到州立农场纵火犬项目接受训
练；结合空后的Sheldon went on to become the department’s best
accelerant detection dog可知，从该项目毕业后，Sheldon成了该消
防队最棒的助燃剂探测犬。
50. A. course B. race
C. case D. program
解析： 根据句中的to look into some cars that had been 51
under suspicious （可疑的） circumstances可知，此处介绍的是
Sheldon参与的第一个案子。
51. A. sold B. built C. stolen D. burnt
解析： 根据下句中的how the fire got started 可知，这些车被烧
毁了。
52. A. confusing B. interesting
C. clear D. important
解析： 根据空前的no one had been able to figure out how the fire
got started—but以及下文中的It took him about 30 seconds to give me
an alert （警报）和Sheldon found the evidence可知，Sheldon对起
火的原因并不感到困惑。
53. A. sleep B. work C. flight D. risk
解析： 根据空后的It took him about 30 seconds to give me an
alert （警报）可知，Tadlock说他让Sheldon去工作，即探测助燃
剂，而Sheldon只花了大概30秒就给了Tadlock一个警报。由此推
断，Sheldon轻而易举地就找到了（导致车被烧毁的）物证。
54. A. fear B. choice
C. difficulty D. experience
解析： 参见上题解析。
55. A. nose B. head C. plan D. dream
解析： 根据上半句For a dog with a super sense of smell可知，
对于嗅觉超级灵敏的狗来说，不管你是在跟踪坏人还是在找工
作，跟着鼻子走（做你认为对的事）总是最好的。作者在此处用
follow your nose 一语双关。
第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正
确形式。
A short video series in China is gaining a lot of attention， prompting
（激起） demands from China and other countries for treasures
56. （return）.
Titled Escape from the British Museum， the three-part series tells the
story of a jade （玉） teapot coming to life and 57. （take） on a human form as she tries to escape from the museum and return home to China.
The teapot is a recent 58. （add） to the British
Museum.It was made in 2011 by a Chinese artist 59. specialises in complicated jade carvings.The delicate technique used in the making of the pot is a craft unique 60. China.
First 61. （release） on China’s version of
TikTok， Douyin， the series has been played 270 million
62. （time） on the platform.
The series has also been 63. （strong） supported by
state media.The state broadcaster CCTV said：“We are very
64. （please） to see Chinese young people are
enthusiastic about history 65. tradition ...We are also
looking forward to the early return of Chinese artefacts （艺术品） that
have been displaced overseas.”
The series has also inspired other influencers to dress up as characters
from ancient Chinese paintings and sculptures.
语篇解读：本文是一篇新闻报道。短剧《逃出大英博物馆》掀起号
召文物返还的热潮。
56. to be returned 考查非谓语动词。“for＋n./pron.＋动词不定式”
是固定搭配。return和treasures之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，且动作发生
在将来，故用动词不定式的被动语态to be returned。
57. taking 考查非谓语动词。coming和taking并列作后置定语，修饰
teapot。
语篇解读：本文是一篇新闻报道。短剧《逃出大英博物馆》掀起号
召文物返还的热潮。
58. addition 考查词形转换。设空处作表语，其前由a recent修饰，故
填名词形式addition。
59. who/that 考查关系代词。设空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行
词artist，且在从句中作主语。故填who/that。
60. to 考查介词。unique to sb/sth表示“某人、某地或某物独具的、
特有的”。
61. released 考查非谓语动词。设空处作状语，the series和release之
间是逻辑上的动宾关系，且动作已发生。故填released。
62. times 考查名词复数。根据语境可知，time在此处表示“次
数”，为可数名词，且前面由270 million修饰。故填times。
63. strongly 考查词形转换。设空处作状语，修饰谓语，故填副词形
式strongly。
64. pleased 考查词形转换。设空处作表语，且根据主语We可知，此
处表示“高兴的”。故填pleased。
65. and 考查连词。history和tradition之间是并列关系，共同作about
的宾语。故填and。
第四部分 写作（共两节，满分40分）
第一节（满分15分）
假定你是校英文广播站的成员，你准备在“防灾科普周”向同学
们介绍一些火灾应急知识。请你写一篇广播稿，内容包括：
1. 发生火灾时如何自救；
2. 呼吁同学们关注用火安全。
注意：1.写作词数应为80左右；
2. 请按如下格式作答。
Good morning， everyone！
Thanks for listening.
参考范文：
Good morning， everyone！ Today I’m going to introduce some
tips to protect ourselves in case of fire.
The first thing is to keep calm.Find out what’s going on and cut off
the power if possible.If the fire is out of control， get a wet towel or cloth
to cover your mouth and nose， which can protect yourself against the
thick smoke.Remember to stay low to the ground when running away
from the fire.Last but not least， call 119 for help as soon as possible.
To prevent fires， please pay more attention to fire safety，
especially in autumn and winter.
Thanks for listening.
第二节（满分25分）
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构
成一篇完整的短文。
It was a cloudy fall morning in our North Carolina town， and a fine
mist dampened the fallen leaves.I was angry.My mother had slighted me
somehow， although I can’t recall what caused my anger now.I was
upset， and I would run away.
“Goodbye， Mom.” I stood outside the kitchen door， firmly
holding onto my suitcase.I wore my worn-out red windbreaker （风衣）
and a gray ski cap， looking the part.“Goodbye， Mom，” I repeated
twice more， pushing open the door with my foot one final time， to
make sure she’d heard.
At last， Mom emerged， wiping her hands on a dish towel.She
gave me the once-over.I lifted the suitcase a little just to make sure she
didn’t miss it.“I’m leaving，” I said.
“Did you pack a lunch？” Mom’s question knocked me off
balance.Where were the tears？The pleas （恳求）？ “I said I’m
leaving，” I said.“I’m running away.For ...ever.” I uttered the
feared word slowly， and convinced it would weaken her
determination.Instead， she smiled.
“Well， would you like me to fix you something？ A sandwich？
Bag of chips？ I just made chocolate chip cookies.”
“I’m really going，” I said.
“I can see that.”
“Maybe a cookie.”And then， “All right， I’m off.”
The misty rain lent drama to my journey.As I stepped onto the front
walk， fresh-baked chocolate chip cookies in my coat pocket， I looked
back at our big yellow house.I stared at the front door， waiting for it to
open.I observed the curtains in the living room window， but there was no
sign of any motion， not even a slight movement.
注意：1.续写词数应为150左右；
2. 请按如下格式作答。
And so I had no choice but to continue.
A moment later， I was back in our home.
参考范文：
And so I had no choice but to continue.I got to the sidewalk and made
my way along the street.I paused at a street corner and looked back at our
house.I was uncertain about what lay ahead.I took a bite of the cookie，
and decided that my mother deserved one last chance to convince me
otherwise.I turned around and casually strolled back towards the
house.Nothing.Not even a flicker of a curtain.My mother didn’t care if I
ran away.Had she ever loved me at all？
A moment later， I was back in our home.“Lucy？” My
mother’s voice came softly from the darkened living room.She was on
the couch， sitting in a way I’d never seen her sit before.She perched on
a pillow， positioned just right for a view through a large window.“I’m
happy you’re home，” she said.She’d been crying.She managed a
smile when I stepped over to her， and my anger and disappointment
faded away.I knew she loved me.My mother loved me enough to let me
find my own way back home.(共36张PPT)
单元素养提升
◇本单元语法学了什么内容？ ◇自我评价
◇本单元写作练了哪个方面？
回顾单元知识·提高语言能力
一、核心单词写对
1. n. 碰撞声，破裂声；碰撞；崩溃
vi.& vt. 碰撞，撞击；崩溃
2. vt.& vi. 出去，离去，退场；退出
n. 出口，通道；离开
3. n. 名单；卷；一管；翻滚
vi.& vt. 翻滚，滚动；翻身；卷起
crash
exit
roll
4. vt. 证实，确认；使确信；批准
5. n. 程序，步骤，手续
6. adj. 奇怪的，怪异的；偶尔的；不成对的
7. n. 台风
8. adj. 引起破坏（或毁灭）的，破坏（或毁灭）性的
9. n. 飓风
10. n. 会议，研讨会；讨论，商谈
11. n. 补给，补给品； 供应；供应量，储备
vt. 供应，供给，提供
confirm
procedure
odd
typhoon
destructive
hurricane
conference
supply
12. n. 慈善机构（或组织）；慈善，施舍；仁爱，宽容
13. n. 全体职工；管理人员
vt. 在……工作，任职于
14. n. 幻灯片；降低；滑行；山崩
vi.& vt. 滑行；逐渐陷入
charity
staff
slide
15. n. 资金；基金
16. n. 文件，公文；（计算机中的）文档
17. n. （爱称）亲爱的；蜂蜜
fund
document
honey
18. vt. 使出土，挖掘，发掘；发现，找到
19. n. 进口产品，输入的产品；输入
vt. 进口，引进
20. n. 出口产品，输出的产品；出口，输出
vt. 出口，输出
21. adj. 高耸入云的，耸入云霄的
22. n. 树干
unearth
import
export
cloud-capped
trunk
Ⅰ.根据所给单词的首字母或汉语提示，写出单词的正确形式
1. A water pipe burst and the entire apartment was f .
2. We need to know the exact time when the incident o .
3. My grandma was strong enough to climb up three flights of s by
herself.
4. She was forced to r early from the position because of her ill
health.
5. The young teacher made s to her students to exit the classroom
in a hurry.
looded
ccurred
tairs
etire
ignals
6. The couple h each other when they heard the exciting news.
7. We finally arrived at our tourist d ， tired and hungry.
8. He placed his hat on a （杆）in the market place， stopping
to have a rest.
9. After several months of sailing， they finally arrived at the
（港口）.
10. The violent eruption of （火山） sometimes makes
many people lose their lives.
ugged
estination
pole
port
volcanos
11. Quite a few people used to believe that a （灾难） was
sure to strike if a mirror was broken.
disaster
12. The company （通知） me that my job application
hadn’t been successful last week.
13. Luckily， the girl and her mother were eventually （营
救） by helicopter.
14. I’m really very busy， （否则） I would certainly go
there with you.
informed
rescued
otherwise
15. Hearing a scream， I rushed （往楼下） only to see
my hostess lying unconscious on the floor.
downstairs
二、拓展词汇用活
1. vt.伤害，使受伤；损害→injured adj.受伤的→injury n.
伤害；伤；损伤
2. n.反应，回应；抗拒；化学反应→react vi.起反应；
对……作出反应
3. adj.有秩序的，有条理的，整齐的→order n.命令，顺
序 vt.命令
4. n.宽慰，轻松；减轻，消除；救济→relieve vt.消除；减
轻；缓解；救济→relieved adj.感到宽慰的，放心的
injure
reaction
orderly
relief
5. n.震惊，惊愕；剧烈震动 vt.使震惊→shocking adj.令人
震惊的→shocked adj.感到震惊的
6. vt.& vi.惊吓，害怕 n.恐慌；惊吓→scared adj.恐惧的，
害怕的→scary adj.恐怖的，吓人的
7. n.电，电力；权力；政权；控制力；能力；能量；力量
→powerful adj.强大的；有影响/感染力的；有势力的→powerless
adj.无力的；没有能力的
8. vt.捐赠，赠送；献（血）→donation n.捐赠，赠送；献
（血）
shock
scare
power
donate
9. adj.好奇的；奇特的→curiosity n.好奇；好奇心
→curiously adv.好奇地
10. vi.& vt.（火山）爆发；突然发生→eruption n.（战争
等）爆发
11. adj.难耐的，无法忍受的→bearable adj.可忍受
的；能应付的→bear vt.忍受；承受
12. n.遥远，久远；距离；差异；疏远→distant adj.远方
的；遥远的
curious
erupt
unbearable
distance
13. adj.灵敏的；锋利的；急剧的；明显的；尖锐的；强烈
的→sharpen vt.& vi.（使）变得锋利，变得清晰；使尖锐
→sharply adv.锋利地；急剧地；尖锐地；强烈地→sharpener n.卷
笔刀；磨具；削具
14. vt.找出……的准确位置；把……安置在（或建造于）
→location n.地点，位置
sharp
locate
Ⅱ.用括号内所给单词的正确形式填空
1. I wanted to know how the students to my words as well as
your .（react）
2. The young athlete got during the football match and
the was serious.（injure）
3. After seeing the movie last night， I was to walk
home alone.（scare）
reacted
reaction
injured
injury
scary
scared
4. Children are always about everything they see and
hear.They often ask all kinds of questions .To meet
their ， we’d better answer them patiently.
（curiosity）
5. He was at the news， for I could see
the look on his face.（shock）
6. After he came to ， everyone said he was a
leader， but now he feels so that he even can’t save
his department.（power）
curious
curiously
curiosity
shocked
shocking
shocked
power
powerful
powerless
7. The boy’s pencil isn’t ， so he it with
his .（sharp）
8. Though there is a long between Tom and his family，
they don’t feel .（distance）
sharp
sharpens
sharpener
distance
distant
三、重点短语用准
1. 整个，全部
2. 点名
3. 安然无恙的
4. 被想到，浮现在脑中
5. （在困境中）保持冷静
6. 用完，耗尽
7. 呈现……的形状；采取……的形式
8. 突然开始，爆发
9. 到处，各处
at large
roll call
safe and sound
occur to
keep one’s head
run out of
take the form of
break out
far and wide
10. 抓紧，不放开
11. 使某人大为宽慰的是
12. 撞到……上；闯入
13. 一系列
14. 清除；被撤销；……不成立
15. 吹走
16. 在远方；在远处
17. 详细地
18. 与……分离
hold on to
to one’s great relief
crash into
a series of
be cleared of
blow away
in the distance
in detail
be separated from
Ⅲ.选用上面短语的适当形式填空
1. Luckily， the missing boy returned， .
2. She has food and has nothing to eat.
3. Such a simple explanation never me before！
4. This article represents the opinion of the public .
5. ， I didn’t have to go to the trial.
6. Above all， in the face of danger.
7. He the back of the chair to stop himself from falling.
8. People came to visit the museum.
safe and sound
run out of
occurred to
at large
To my great relief
keep your head
held on to
far and wide
9. You can’t imagine how excited I was when I saw the ancient
tower .
10. Nobody knew when the fire ， but they knew it was put
out the next morning.
in the distance
broke out
四、经典句式写美
1. 句型公式：be doing ...when ...
教材原句：Alice Brown， head teacher at Falmont Primary
School， （正在授课，突然） the floor
began to shake.
2. 句型公式：in case 引导目的状语从句
教材原句：At the same time， Miss Brown quickly opened the
classroom door， （以防它损坏）
during the shaking and could not open.
was teaching when
in case it became damaged
3. 句型公式：名词短语the moment引导时间状语从句
教材原句： （晃动一停止），
Miss Brown sensed it was the best time for the class to make their
escape.
4. 句型公式：动词-ing形式作伴随状语
教材原句：After a roll call confirmed that all were safe and sound，
they relaxed， （笑
啊，哭啊，互相拥抱着）.
The moment the shaking stopped
laughing， crying and hugging each other
5. 句型公式：It occurred to sb that ...
教材原句： （她立刻意识
到） these were signs of an approaching tsunami.
6. 句型公式：动词-ing形式短语作后置定语
教材原句：Trading ships
（进口货物到城内、出口货物到海外）， along
with golden pleasure boats for the rich， were crowded together in the
glassy water of the port.
It immediately occurred to her that
bringing imports to the city or carrying
exports overseas
7. 句型公式：might have done表示“过去本可以做但实际并没有
做”
教材原句：Its ashy rocks， now dark， now light， told a story of
past eruptions that （本来可以警告） the city
what was to come！
8. 句型公式：see sb/sth doing ...
教材原句：The crowd looked upwards， and saw， with unspeakable
fear， （只见一
团庞大的云正从火山口喷薄而出）.
might have warned
a huge cloud shooting from the top of the volcano
9. 句型公式：完全倒装句
教材原句：So （地震来了） ...and
so （生活终结） in Pompeii.
10. 句型公式：状语从句的省略
教材原句：Its walls were fresh （就像昨
天刚刚刷完） ...
came the earthquake
ended life
as if painted yesterday
Ⅳ.翻译句子
1. 我正在看足球赛，这时候她走了进来。
2. 请明天再提醒我一下开会的事，以防我忘了。
3. 他一听到那个消息就立刻把它告诉了我。
I was watching the football match when she came in.
Please remind me of the meeting again tomorrow in case I forget.
The moment he heard the news， he told me about it at once.
4. 我们经常给孩子们提供玩具、篮球或者足球，认为所有的孩子都喜
欢这些东西。
5. 正当我要离开家的时候，我突然想到我忘带钥匙了。
6. 坐在我旁边的姑娘是我表妹。
We often provide our children with toys， basketballs or footballs，
thinking that all children like these things.
Just as I was leaving the house， it occurred to me that I had forgotten
my keys.
The girl sitting next to me was my cousin.
7. 昨天晚上，琼读完了这本书，鲍勃可能也读完了。
8. 打开门后，我看到孩子们正在玩游戏。
9. 现在轮到你做自我介绍了。
10. 他一丝不动地站着，好像扎根在地上。
Joan finished reading the book last night and Bob might have done so.
After opening the door， I see the children playing games.
Now comes your turn to make a self-introduction.
He stood still as if rooted to the ground.
整合话题元素·增强思维品质
夯实素材储备·注重续写体验
情
感
描
写 ①odd adj.奇怪的，怪异的；偶尔的；不成对的
②relief n.宽慰，轻松；减轻，消除；救济
③shock n.震惊，惊愕；剧烈震动
vt.使震惊
④scare vt.& vi.惊吓，害怕
n.恐慌；惊吓
⑤curious adj.好奇的；奇特的
动
作
描
写 ①crash n.碰撞声，破裂声；碰撞；崩溃
vi.& vt.碰撞，撞击；崩溃
②confirm vt.证实，确认；使确信；批准
③occur to被想到，浮现在脑中
④keep one’s head （在困境中）保持冷静
⑤inform vt.了解，熟悉；通知
环
境
描
写 ①downstairs adv.在楼下，往楼下
n.楼下
②destination n.目的地，终点
③bar n.酒吧；小馆子；吧台；条，块；栏杆；障碍
vt.封；阻挡；阻止
④port n.港口，避风港；港口城市
⑤ashy adj.覆盖着灰的；灰色的
⑥tsunami n.海啸
一、连词成句
根据教材语料中所给词汇及汉语提示翻译下列句子。
1. 那天，海滩上与往常一样。（介词短语作表语）
2. 游客们跑步，打排球，或者坐在沙滩上。（场景描写；动词-
ing形式）
The day was like any other day on the beach.
Tourists were running， playing volleyball or sitting on the sandy
beach.
3. 一个小女孩注意到一些奇怪的事。（动作描写）
4. 她感到很好奇，便向父母寻问此事。（心理描写）
5. 她的父母立刻意识到这是海啸来临的前兆。（心理描写；宾语
从句）
A little girl noticed something odd.
She felt curious and asked her parents about that.
Her parents immediately realized that these were signs of an
approaching tsunami.
6. 他们吓坏了，但很快他们想到一定要保持冷静并立即通知安全员。
（情感描写；主语从句）
7. 令他们宽慰的是，在安全员的帮助下，所有人很幸运地躲过了这场
灾难。（情感描写；with复合结构）
They were scared but soon it occurred to them that they should keep
their head and inform the safety officers immediately.
To their relief， with the aid of the safety officers，all the people were
fortunate enough to shelter from the disaster.
二、连句成文
用适当的过渡词将上面的句子合并成一个小语段。
The day was like any other day on the beach.Tourists were
running，playing volleyball or sitting on the sandy beach.Suddenly，a
little girl noticed something odd.She felt curious and asked her parents
about that.Her parents immediately realized that these were signs of an
approaching tsunami.They were scared but soon it occurred to them that
they should keep their head and inform the safety officers
immediately.To their relief， with the aid of the safety officers， all the
people were fortunate enough to shelter from the disaster. (共90张PPT)
Section Ⅱ
Grammar and usage
1
重难语法·要攻克
目 录
2
核心知识·巧突破
3
课时检测·提能力
重难语法 · 要攻克
掌握核心语法
1
动词不定式作定语和结果状语
阅读下列句子并思考加蓝部分的用法。
1. I was staying in Atlanta， and that was one of the cities to be hit.
2. That morning， I turned on the TV for some local news， only to hear
that a hurricane was on its way.
3. The roads were blocked， so there was nothing for me to do but stay
inside.
4. I had enough food and water to last a whole week！
5. When the wind and rain stopped， I looked out of the window， only
to see huge trees lying across the street and water everywhere！
【我的发现】
（1）动词不定式作定语时，动词不定式通常位于其所修饰的名词或
代词的后面，作后置定语（如句 ）；
（2）动词不定式作结果状语时，通常指出乎意料的结果（如句
），其前常用only。
1、3、4
2、
5
一、动词不定式的时态和语态
时态 主动语态 被动语态
一般式 to do to be done
进行式 to be doing —
完成式 to have done to have been done
完成进行式 to have been doing —
二、动词不定式作定语
动词不定式作定语，一般置于被修饰的名词或代词后面，与名词或代
词之间是主谓关系、动宾关系、同位关系或修饰关系。
1. 主谓关系
被修饰的名词或代词是动词不定式的逻辑主语。序数词、形容词最
高级或the last/the only/the next等后常用动词不定式作定语，与被修
饰的名词或代词之间有逻辑上的主谓关系。
Who was the first man to climb Mount Qomolangma？
谁是第一个登上珠穆朗玛峰的人？
He is the only person to know the truth.
他是唯一了解真相的人。
2. 动宾关系
被修饰的名词或代词是动词不定式的逻辑宾语。若动词不定式是不
及物动词，需加介词才能与名词或代词之间构成动宾关系。
Tommy left us a lot of problems to solve.
汤米给我们留下了很多问题要解决。
He wanted to find a new house to live in.
他想找一所新房子住。
There is nothing to worry about.
没有什么可担心的。
名师点津
当动词不定式修饰的名词是time、 place或way时，动词不定式中的介
词一般可以省去。
He had no money and no place to live.
他没有钱，也没有地方住。
3. 同位关系
名词与动词不定式之间是同位关系。动词不定式是所修饰的名词的
具体内容，抽象名词wish、 ability、 chance、 ambition、 anxiety、
reply、 attempt、 plan等后常用动词不定式作定语，与被修饰的名
词之间为逻辑上的同位关系。
He broke his promise to write to his parents regularly.
他违背了定期给父母写信的诺言。
He has a wish to travel round the whole country.
他有一个周游全国的愿望。
4. 修饰关系
动词不定式是所修饰的词的具体内容。
I need some space to place my luggage.
我需要一些空间放行李。
Now it is time to take a rest.
现在是休息时间。
The house to be built next year will be for the homeless.
明年要建造的这所房子是给那些无家可归的人的。
5. 动词不定式作定语，有被动形式。
当动词不定式所修饰的名词是动词不定式动作的承受者时，动词不
定式既可以用主动形式，也可以用被动形式，但其含义有所不同。
比如：Do you have anything to send？意为“你有需要寄的东西
吗？”，“寄东西”的执行者是“你”；而Do you have anything to
be sent？意为“你有什么需要我（或别人）去寄的东西吗？”，动
作的执行者是问话者或其他人。
【即时演练1】 完成句子
①She is hard-working and always .
她很勤奋，每天总是第一个来到。
②The Browns have a comfortable .
布朗一家人有一所舒适的房子住。
③Attention， please.I have .
请注意，我有重要的事情要说。
④As she was a child， she had a wish .
当她还是个孩子时，她就有一个上大学的愿望。
⑤I’m sure of his ability .
我确信他有能力处理这件事。
the first one to come every day
house to live in
something important to say
to go to college
to cope with this matter
三、动词不定式作结果状语
动词不定式作结果状语往往表示其动作发生在谓语动作之后，并且总
是在句末，而不能置于句首。
1. 动词不定式作结果状语，常用于以下结构：
（1）too＋形容词/副词＋to ...“太……而不能……”
The old woman was too weak to carry the heavy box.
这个老妇人太虚弱而搬不动这个沉重的箱子。
（2）...enough to ...“……足够……”
The room is large enough to take a third bed.
这个房间很大，足够放下第三张床。
He walked fast enough to keep up with his coach.
他走得很快，赶上了他的教练。
（3）so＋形容词/副词＋as to ...“如此……以至于……”
He studied so hard as to pass the last exam.
他学习如此努力以至于通过了上次的考试。
（4）such（＋形容词）＋名词＋as to ...“如此……以至于……”
He is not such a fool as to do that.
他还没有蠢到做那种事。
（5）在never to ...结构中
His son left home on a cold morning， never to return.
他的儿子在一个寒冷的早上离开了家，再也没有回来。
2. 在特殊结构only to ...中，动词不定式常表示没有预料到的结果，
其前经常有only或just修饰。
He hurried to the station， only to find the train had left.
他匆忙赶到车站，却发现火车已经开走了。
He picked up a stone， just to have it dropped on his own feet.
他搬起石头却砸了自己的脚。
名师点津
动词-ing形式短语作结果状语常表示“自然而然的或意料、情理之中
的结果”。
His parents died early， leaving him an orphan.
他的父母早逝，使他成了孤儿。
The news shocked the public， leading to great concern about
students’ safety at school.
这条新闻使广大民众感到震惊，引起了人们对在校学生安全的担忧。
【即时演练2】 完成句子/句型转换
①The old scientist died all of a sudden，
.
那位老科学家突然去世了，使这个项目没有完成。
②You’re on the train by yourself.
你已经长大了，可以自己坐火车旅行了。
③He is so young that he can’t tell right from wrong.
→He is .
leaving the project
unfinished
old enough to travel
too young to tell right from wrong
核心知识·巧突破
探究课堂重点
2
shock n.震惊，惊愕；剧烈震动 vt.使震惊
【教材原句】 As you can imagine， it was a bit of a shock.
正如你所想象的那样，这有点令人震惊。
【用法】
（1）in shock 震惊，吃惊
give sb a shock 使某人震惊
come as a shock （to sb） 让（某人）震惊
culture shock 文化冲击
（2）It shocks sb that ...＝It shocks sb to do ...
……（做某事）使某人震惊
shock sb to do sth 做某事使某人震惊
（3）shocked adj. 感到震惊的
be shocked at/by ... 对……感到震惊
（4）shocking adj. 令人震惊的
【佳句】 It was shocking that Li Ming lost the football match
yesterday， and all his fans were also in shock.But what made them more
shocked was that he didn’t care about it at all.令人吃惊的是李明输掉
了昨天的足球比赛，他所有的球迷们也都很吃惊。但让他们更震惊的
是，李明对此根本不在乎。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①It gave us all quite shock to learn that he had failed again.
②It is （shock） that he didn’t inform you of the
procedures to do this experiment.
③I （shock）to hear his reaction on the disaster.
④ （shock） at the news， the man couldn’t say a word.
a
shocking
was shocked
Shocked
【写美】 句式升级
⑤The bear tore a hole in the fence and put his head in. Elli and I were
shocked.
→The bear tore a hole in the fence and put his head in，
.（定语从句）
→ the bear tore a hole in the fence
and put his head in.（主语从句）
which shocked
Elli and me/which made Elli and me shocked
What shocked Elli and me was that
scare vt.& vi.惊吓，害怕 n.恐慌；惊吓
【教材原句】 The strong wind and heavy rain didn’t scare me， but I
was quite frightened during the power failure.狂风暴雨并没有吓到我，
但在停电时我很害怕。
【用法】
（1）scare ...away/off 把……吓跑
scare sb to death 把某人吓得要死
It scares sb to do sth 做某事使某人害怕
scare sb into/out of doing sth 恐吓某人做/不做某事
（2）scared adj.害怕的，对……感到惊慌或恐惧的
be scared to do sth＝be scared of doing sth 害怕做某事
be scared to death 吓得要死
be scared that ... 害怕……
（3）scary adj. 恐怖的，吓人的
【佳句】 Sometimes loud noises like these will scare bears off.
有时，这样大的噪声会把熊吓走。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①The moment the assistant saw the scene， he froze there，
（scare）.
②When watching the horror movie last night， I was scared
death.
③She was scared （go） into the yard because a big dog was in it.
④It was the high price that scared potential buyers.
scared
to
to go
off/away
【写美】 句式升级
⑤He was scared of a snake， and he fainted at the first sight of one.
→ ， he fainted at the first sight of one.（动词-ed
形式短语作状语）
Scared of a snake
power n.电，电力；权力；政权；控制力；能力；能量；力量vt.驱
动，提供动力
【用法】
（1）be in power 当权，执政（强调状态）
come to power 开始掌权/执政（强调动作）
do all/everything in one’s power to do sth 某人竭尽全力做某事
within one’s power 在某人能力范围之内
beyond one’s power 超出某人的能力
a power plant 一个发电厂
wind/solar/nuclear power 风能/太阳能/核能
（2）powerful adj. 强有力的；有影响力的；有权势的
【佳句】 The motor is powered by a solar battery.
这台发动机是由太阳能电池驱动的。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①The new government will come power next month.
②Sometimes a smile is so （power） that it gives people
suffering from disasters great courage.
③Though he has been power for two years， he hasn’t found an
effective solution to the country’s economic problems.
to
powerful
in
【写美】 完成句子
④ well for the coming
final exam.
我将竭尽全力为即将到来的期末考试作好准备。
I’ll do everything in my power to prepare
run out of 用完，耗尽
【教材原句】 Were you afraid of running out of supplies？
你害怕用光储备的东西吗？
【用法】
（1）run out of 意为“用完了”，及物动词短语，表示主动，主语
是人
（2）run out 意为“……用完了”，不及物动词短语，主语常为时
间、食物、金钱等名词
（3）give out 意为“用尽；精疲力竭”，不及物动词短语
（4）use up 意为“用完；耗尽”，及物动词短语，主语是人
【佳句】 She has run out of （＝used up） her money and mine is
running out （＝is being used up/is giving out）.
她已用光了她的钱，我的也快用光了。
【练透】 完成句子
①In the future， care for the environment will become very important as
the Earth’s natural resources .
在未来，爱护环境将会很重要，因为地球的自然资源将濒临枯竭。
② after he ran that long distance.
他跑了那么长的距离后，体力不支了。
run out
His strength gave out
【写美】 翻译句子
③我需要你的帮助，因为我把汽油用完了。
I need your help， for I have run out of/used up petrol.
supply n.补给，补给品；供应；供应量，储备 vt.供应，供给，提供
【用法】
（1）supply sth to sb ＝ provide sth for sb将某物供应给某人
（2）a supply of/supplies of ... ……的供应
in short supply 供应不足，供应短缺
water supply 供水
【佳句】 The government decided to supply houses to the disaster
victims.
政府决定为灾民提供住房。
【辨析】 supply & offer & provide
supply 通常指定期“供应”所需或所要求之物，含有连续不断地供给之意 supply sb with sth＝supply sth to sb
offer 强调主动提供帮助、服务或令人向往之物等 offer sth to sb＝offer sb sth
provide 强调供应所需之物（尤指生活必需品） provide sth for sb＝provide sb with sth
【练透】 单句语法填空
①There’s usually a good supply resources around the town
center.
②New factories are situated in areas where （supply） of
power are available.
③The natural resources， such as coal and oil， are short supply
in this country.
④They have agreed on a plan to supply books and materials
schools.
of
supplies
in
to
【写美】 一句多译
⑤这位热心人给了我们一些食物并主动帮助我们联系了警察。
→The warm-hearted man
and offered to help us contact the police.（supply）
→The warm-hearted man
and offered to help us contact the police.（provide）
supplied us with some food/supplied some
food to us
provided us with some food/provided some
food for us
donate vt.捐赠，赠送；献（血）
【教材原句】 Luckily， many people came to help， donating food
and clothes to charities.
幸运的是，很多人来帮忙，给慈善机构捐赠食品和衣服。
【用法】
（1）donate sth to ... 向……捐赠某物
（2）donation n. 捐赠，捐献
make a donation （of sth） to ... 向……捐赠（某物）
（3）donor n. 捐赠者；献血者
【佳句】 After that， we will do some other meaningful activities，
including donating some pocket money or books to the old there.
在那之后，我们将做一些其他有意义的活动，包括捐赠一些零花钱或
书籍给那里的老人。
【点津】 donate 是及物动词，但不能接双宾语，而要与介词to搭
配。有类似用法的词还有introduce、explain等。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①To help more people in India， the IMA Blood Bank has also developed
a team to educate the public about blood （donate）.
②Doctors are searching a blood （donate） to the patient
whose blood type is rare.
donation
donor
【写美】 一句多译
③政府呼吁公众给贫穷的孩子捐款。
→The government appeals to the public the poor
children.（donate）
→The government appeals to the public
the poor children.（donation）
to donate money to
to make a donation of money
to
课时检测·提能力
培育学科素养
3
维度一：基础题型练
单句语法填空。
1. Some people are （scare） of using the buses late at night.
2. Everyone in the street was （shock） when they heard the
news.
3. Do you know who is the first astronaut （walk） on the
moon？
scared
shocked
to walk
4. The local government supplied the victims enough relief.
5. He hurried to the station， only （tell） that the tickets
had been sold out.
6. Mary is a （power） woman in a large company.
7. The old scientist died all of a sudden， （leave） the
project unfinished.
8. The child is old enough （take） care of himself.
9. Our money is running .We’d better not buy anything.
10. I was watching the clock all through the meeting， as I had a
train （catch）.
with
to be told
powerful
leaving
to take
out
to catch
维度二：语法与写作
完成句子。
1. Be careful！ The tea .
小心！ 茶太烫了，不能喝。
2. He was .
他太好了，主动给我让座。
3. He is a nice .
他是一个很好相处的人。
4. I hurried to school .
我匆忙赶到学校，结果发现是星期天。
5. will be very successful.
下周要举行的运动会将会很成功。
is too hot to drink
so kind as to offer his seat to me
person to get along with
only to find it was Sunday
The sports meeting to be held next week
维度三：语法与语篇
根据汉语提示用动词不定式的适当形式完成下面短文。
This summer holiday， I was 1. （足够大可
以找到） a part-time job in a company.But I had 2.
（要参加一个面试）.With a lot of things to prepare， I was
very nervous.The next day， I arrived there early， 3.
（却被告知） that I was 4. （第一个来的
人）.I was nervous again， then I found 5.
（一个解决问题的方法）.
Finally I got the opportunity 6. （在公
司里工作）.
old enough to find
an interview to
attend
only to be told
the first one to come
a way to solve the
problem
to work in the company
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
As cities balloon with growth， access to nature for people living in
urban areas is becoming harder to find.If you’re lucky， there might be
a pocket park near where you live， but it’s unusual to find places in a
city that are relatively wild.
Past research has found health and wellness benefits of nature for
humans， but a new study shows that wildness in urban areas is extremely
important for human well-being.
The research team focused on a large urban park.They surveyed
several hundred park-goers， asking them to submit a written summary
online of a meaningful interaction they had with nature in the park.The
researchers then examined these submissions， coding （编码）
experiences into different categories.For example， one participant’s
experience of “We sat and listened to the waves at the beach for a
while” was assigned the categories “sitting at beach” and “listening to waves.”
Across the 320 submissions， a pattern of categories the researchers
call a “nature language” began to emerge.After the coding of all
submissions， half a dozen categories were noted most often as important
to visitors.These include encountering wildlife， walking along the edge
of water， and following an established trail.
Naming each nature experience creates a usable language， which
helps people recognize and take part in the activities that are most
satisfying and meaningful to them.For example， the experience of
walking along the edge of water might be satisfying for a young
“We’re trying to generate a language that helps bring the human-
nature interactions back into our daily lives.And for that to happen， we
also need to protect nature so that we can interact with it，” said Peter
Kahn， a senior author of the study.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一项关于城市公园的研
究，说明了与大自然交流对人类健康的重要性，同时也指出要保护
大自然。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一项关于城市公园的研
究，说明了与大自然交流对人类健康的重要性，同时也指出要保护
大自然。
1. What phenomenon does the author describe at the beginning of the
text？（ ）
A. Pocket parks are now popular.
B. Wild nature is hard to find in cities.
C. Many cities are overpopulated.
D. People enjoy living close to nature.
解析： 细节理解题。根据第一段中access to nature for people
living in urban areas is becoming harder to find以及it’s unusual to
find places in a city that are relatively wild可知，在城市里很难找到
野生自然。
2. Why did the researchers code participant submissions into categories？
（ ）
A. To compare different types of park-goers.
B. To explain why the park attracts tourists.
C. To analyze the main features of the park.
D. To find patterns in the visitors’ summaries.
解析： 推理判断题。根据第三段第一句及第四段可知，研究人
员之所以进行编码分类是为了从公园游客提交的总结材料中找到他
们与自然交流行为的类别模式。
3. What can we learn from the example given in Paragraph 5？（ ）
A. Walking is the best way to gain access to nature.
B. Young people are too busy to interact with nature.
C. The same nature experience takes different forms.
D. The nature language enhances work performance.
解析： 推理判断题。根据第五段所举的例子可知，年轻的职业
人士周末可以在公园徒步旅行，工作日可以在午餐休息时间，沿着
喷泉散步，用不同的形式去体验自然，即同样的自然体验会呈现不
同的形式。
4. What should be done before we can interact with nature according to
Kahn？（ ）
A. Language study.
B. Environmental conservation.
C. Public education.
D. Intercultural communication.
解析： 细节理解题。根据最后一段Kahn的话可知，我们在与大
自然交流之前应该保护自然。
B
Official figures show that 101 people were killed in road accidents on
the streets of London last year.The city wants to reduce the number of
deaths and serious injuries on the capital’s roads to zero.It seems
impossible.But it focuses minds on an important question： What can help reduce accidents in a big city？ Transport for London （TfL）， the
capital’s road and rail authority， has some answers： safe speeds， safe vehicles， and so on.
A safety standard for Heavy Goods Vehicles （HGVs）， which
harnesses blind-spot cameras and close-proximity sensors （近距离传感
器）， is pioneering.These cameras and sensors are widely placed where
they are needed.The European Commission has followed it.TfL has also
helpfully identified London’s most dangerous places.Half of Britain’s
most dangerous roads run through the capital.Around three-quarters of
accidents that cause deaths or serious injuries happen at crossings；the Holborn gyratory， near the British Museum， has been the site of the most deaths since 2012.Westminster is the most dangerous area for walkers and cyclists， so it introduced 20 mph speed limits on all its roads in 2021.
“Vision Zero” was launched in 2018.Deaths and serious injuries on London’s roads have fallen — by 53% and 40% respectively in 2022.But movement is not one-way.Deaths were record-breakingly low in 2020 and 2021.But in 2022 the deaths rose again.“We are moving in the right direction，” says Will Norman， London’s walking and cycling commissioner.
A funding crisis for TfL has put off improving the riskiest spots.Only
a few parts of the 1010 Avenue have bike lanes with guardrails.Safety is
the biggest barrier to people taking up cycling or letting their children walk
or cycle.But greener vehicles may be unsafe themselves.E-scooters （电
动踏板车） are the latest thing to confuse planners.“One of those doing
50 mph down the road is not good for anybody，” said Mr Norman.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了伦敦为了减少交通事故
采取了一系列措施以及“Vision Zero”计划。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了伦敦为了减少交通事故
采取了一系列措施以及“Vision Zero”计划。
5. What is the author’s purpose in writing Paragraph 1？（ ）
A. To make the article interesting.
B. To stress the importance of TfL.
C. To call on scientists to study the question.
D. To give some background information.
解析： 目的意图题。根据第一段内容可知，去年伦敦街头有
101人死于交通事故。为了避免更多类似事故发生，伦敦交通局给
出了一些方法：保持安全的速度、保持车辆安全等。因此，第一段
的目的是给出背景信息。
6. What does the underlined word “harnesses” in Paragraph 2 mean？
（ ）
A. Compares. B. Removes.
C. Uses. D. Replaces.
解析： 词义猜测题。根据画线词后的These cameras and sensors
are widely placed where they are needed.可知，盲点摄像头和近距离
传感器被广泛安装在需要的地方。结合画线词所在句可知，一项针
对重型货车的安全标准使用了盲点摄像头和近距离传感器。由此猜
测，画线词意为“使用，利用”，与use意思相近。
7. What is Will Norman’s attitude to the “Vision Zero”？（ ）
A. Doubtful. B. Supportive.
C. Puzzled. D. Unclear.
解析： 观点态度题。根据第三段中威尔·诺曼所说“We are
moving in the right direction”可知，威尔·诺曼对这项计划是
支持的。
8. What does the author intend to tell us in the last paragraph？（ ）
A. Bike lanes are not safe anymore for riders on roads.
B. Children should think twice when taking up cycling.
C. Safety has been a problem for some eco-friendly vehicles.
D. E-scooters have become the biggest confusion for planners.
解析： 推理判断题。根据最后一段中Safety is the biggest barrier
to people taking up cycling or letting their children walk or cycle.But
greener vehicles may be unsafe themselves.可知，作者想告诉我们，
一些环保的交通工具本身就存在安全隐患。
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
Unlike hurricanes or floods， earthquakes happen without warning
and are usually followed by similar aftershocks， although the aftershocks
are usually less powerful than the quake.If you find yourself in the middle
of an earthquake， there’s often only a short time to decide what to
do.9.（ ）
Drop to the ground.The drop， cover， and hold on technique is the
cousin of the famous “stop，drop and roll” for fires.While it’s not the
only method of protecting yourself indoors during an earthquake， it is the
preferred method of the Red Cross.Big earthquakes occur without much，
if any， warning.10.（ ） A small earthquake could turn into a big
earthquake in a split second； it’s better to be safe than sorry.
Take cover.Get under a firm table or other piece of furniture.11.
（ ） If there isn’t a table or desk near you， cover your face and
head with your arms and crouch （蜷缩） in an inside corner of the building.
Hold on.12.（ ） Hold on to whatever surface or platform
you’ve gotten under and wait for the shaking to stop.If you were unable
to find a surface to hide under， continue to keep your head protected by
your arms and tucked （躲藏，隐藏） down low.
13.（ ） Researchers have shown that most injuries happen
when people try to change the place of hiding or when the place is crowded
and everyone has a goal to get outside safe.
A. Stay inside until it’s safe to get out.
B. In that case， move to the nearest safe place.
C. Stairs are dangerous places to walk during an earthquake.
D. So it’s recommended that you drop to the floor as soon as it hits.
E. If possible， stay away from windows and anything that could fall.
F. The ground maybe shaking and pieces of wood or brick could be
falling.
G. Studying the following advice could be the difference between life and
death.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要给出了四条发生地震时该
如何反应的建议。
9. G 上句说明身处地震中，决定该做什么的时间很短。G项（考虑
以下建议可能是生与死的区别）承接上文，并引出下文提出的建议。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要给出了四条发生地震时该
如何反应的建议。
10. D 本段主旨句Drop to the ground.说明本段给出的建议是卧倒在
地。根据空格上下文可知，大地震发生时不会有太多预警，而小地震
在一刹那也可能会变成大地震。D项（所以建议地震一发生你就卧倒
在地）符合本段主旨，且与上下文语义一致。
11. E 本段主旨句Take cover.说明本段给出的建议是躲起来。上句说
明躲起来时应注意的事项。E项（如果可能的话，远离窗户和任何可
能坠落的物体）继续介绍躲起来时的注意事项。
12. F 下句说明要待在相对安全的平面或平台下面，等待震动停
止。F项（地面可能会晃动，木块或砖块可能会掉落）解释下文动
作的原因。
13. A 空格位于段首，为本段主旨句。下文说明大多数伤害发生在
人们试图改变躲藏的地点或者地方太拥挤并且每个人都想出去时。A
项（待在里面，直到出去是安全的）能够概括下文内容。
Ⅲ.完形填空
A single tremble shook beneath my feet.The trees above me began to
sway （摇摆） hard.Then came the deadly 14 that could only mean
one thing， destruction.Everything I saw was 15 .My vision blurred
（模糊） seeing the remains of my house.The house that used to 16
all the happiness in the world was now 17 a pile of ruined
pieces.I 18 all the times I played with my little brother and
sister.Images of them were 19 in my mind.I regained a bit of
my 20 after lying on the ground for some time.My eyes viewed
different things， but I walked on mindlessly， with no 21 to
anything around me at all.
Years have passed since the disaster that 22 me years ago.I
never thought I would be okay again after this 23 event.
Today I’m going to California to help 24 of a recent
earthquake.Then， I see a young girl weeping into her arm.Losing family
was 25 ，but because of my life-changing experience， I am strong，
and I can 26 the lives of those who are suffering as I was.I gently
stuck out my hand for her to hold to.One day， she may 27 others the
way I did for her.She holds my hand tightly， and together， we look for
a brighter future where we can help those around us and 28 the world
starting with one disaster at a time.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。作者经历了一次灾难性的地震后，
人生发生了改变，以志愿者的身份去帮助像他一样的人。
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。作者经历了一次灾难性的地震后，
人生发生了改变，以志愿者的身份去帮助像他一样的人。
14. A. silence B. power
C. emergency D. extinction
解析： 根据文章前两句可知，作者描述的是地震来临时的感
受，再根据空后的destruction并结合常识可知，该句是讲大地震过
后死一般的沉寂，与上文的强烈震动形成对比。
15. A. under pressure B. in ruins
C. on hand D. in shock
解析： 根据下句My vision blurred （模糊） seeing the remains
of my house.可知，作者看到的一切都成了废墟。
16. A. promote B. supply
C. contain D. measure
解析： 根据下句I 18 all the times I played with my
little brother and sister.可知，此处指这所房子承载了以往所
有的欢乐时光。
17. A. extremely B. obviously
C. actually D. simply
解析： 根据语境可知，这里的副词起到强调作用，强调曾经
充满欢乐的房子地震过后就只是一片废墟。
18. A. adapted to B. thought of
C. concentrated on D. worked out
解析： 根据all the times可推知，作者想起以往和弟弟妹妹一
起玩耍的时光。
19. A. designed B. buried
C. carved D. observed
解析： 根据上句可知，作者面对废墟时想起以往的欢乐时
光，弟弟妹妹的形象深深地刻在他的脑海里。
20. A. balance B. memory
C. strength D. impression
解析： 根据after lying on the ground for some time可知，作者在
地上躺了一会儿，恢复了一点力气。
21. A. request B. comparison
C. path D. reaction
解析： 根据空前的I walked on mindlessly可知，经历过大地
震，失去了一切之后，作者此时漫无目的地走着，什么东西都不
能引起他的反应。
22. A. struck B. identified
C. threatened D. reminded
解析： 根据上文作者对地震经历的描述并结合此处语境可
知，这里指灾难发生在作者身上，strike符合语境。
23. A. amazing B. frightening
C. exciting D. challenging
解析： 此处与上文对地震经历的描述相呼应，这里指令人恐
惧的事件。
24. A. professionals B. volunteers
C. survivors D. experts
解析： 根据下文I gently stuck out my hand for her to hold to.可
知，这个女孩是地震幸存者。由此可推知，作者作为“过来人”
去帮助这里的地震幸存者。
25. A. painful B. unusual
C. awkward D. unique
解析： 根据空前的Losing family可知，失去家人是痛苦的。
26. A. appreciate B. possess
C. exchange D. improve
解析： 此处与下文where we can help those around us中help相呼
应，指作者希望用自己的力量帮助改善和他拥有相同经历的人的
生活。
27. A. affect B. recognize
C. recommend D. contact
解析： 根据空后的the way I did for her可推知，作者认为这个
女孩或许以后也会像作者一样，去帮助和影响其他人。
28. A. establish B. change
C. remove D. revise
解析： 根据文章可知，作者作为一个“过来人”，用志愿者
的身份去帮助其他人，这是他在经历灾难后作出的改变世界的行
为，作者希望这个女孩在将来能够同样在灾难发生后，去帮助受
难者，改变灾难后的世界。
Ⅳ.语法填空
When Beverly Goodman was in primary school， she gave a series of
speeches on her favourite topic： disasters.She told her classmates about
the eruption 29. buried Pompeii， the Black Death， and
famous shipwrecks like the Titanic and the Lusitania.Today， at 45，
she’s a marine geoarchaeologist （海洋地质考古学家）who digs
coastlines for clues to erosion （侵蚀）， past tsunamis， and other
disasters.“It’s 30. （interest） now that I’m a disaster
scientist， basically，” she says.“It all came together.”
Human settlements have long been built around access
31. water.Goodman studies how the coastal change
affected our ancestors （祖先）： Were people forced to leave？ Did they
find ways 32. （adapt） to the changes？ This
knowledge， she says， can help 33. （we） “prepare
responsibly for what this landscape is going to look like in the future”.
That was the case when Goodman and her team of 34. （scientist） proved tsunamis had struck the coast of what is now Israel over the course of thousands of years.Partly as 35. result of their research， the country in 2014 36. （develop） its first tsunami preparedness plan.
“Humans are controlling coastlines more dramatically than ever，”
says Goodman.“To learn the effect 37. （cause） by
this， we need to be working faster， and we need more people working
on it.” She believes ancient clues buried underwater can save lives，
38. （particular） in places without written records.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。海洋地质考古学家研究古代灾害，
帮助人们为未来可能发生的灾害做好准备。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。海洋地质考古学家研究古代灾害，
帮助人们为未来可能发生的灾害做好准备。
29. that/which 考查关系代词。设空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先
行词eruption，且在从句中作主语。故填that/which。
30. interesting 考查词形转换。设空处作表语，意为“有趣的”。故
填interesting。
31. to 考查介词。access to意为“（接近或进入某地的）方法，通
路”。
32. to adapt 考查非谓语动词。设空处作后置定语，修饰ways，故填
to adapt。way to do sth意为“做某事的方法”。
33. us 考查代词。设空处作动词help的宾语，应用宾格形式。故填
us。
34. scientists 考查名词复数。scientist为可数名词，根据其前的her
team of可知，应用其复数形式。故填scientists。
35. a 考查冠词。as a result of意为“由于，因为”，为固定短语。
36. developed 考查动词的时态。根据in 2014可知，develop的动作发
生在过去，应用一般过去时，且the country与develop之间是主动关
系。故填developed。
37. caused 考查非谓语动词。设空处作后置定语，修饰effect，且
effect与cause之间为被动关系。故填caused。
38. particularly 考查词形转换。设空处作状语，应用副词，意为
“特别，尤其”。故填particularly。(共11张PPT)
UNIT 2 Natural disasters
1
篇章助解·释疑难
目 录
2
文本透析·剖语篇
4
课时检测·提能力
3
核心知识·巧突破
篇章助解·释疑难
力推课前预习
1
文本透析·剖语篇
助力语篇理解
2
核心知识·巧突破
探究课堂重点
3
课时检测·提能力
培育学科素养
4
单元话题导入
本单元以自然灾害为话题。本单元从认识自然灾害的种类开
始，到介绍国内外发生过的重大自然灾害事件，再到探讨面对灾害
的威胁和所造成的损失时，人们可以采取的应对措施等。本单元还
体现了“灾害无情，人有情”的主题意义，即人类在重大自然灾害
面前不屈不挠，相互援助，坚定信心，重建家园。
看图感悟语境，选词填空。
disaster， occur， donate， hurricane， flood， rescue， injured，
relief
1. The world is being hit by climate change in various ways －
tsunamis， ， earthquakes， and so on.
hurricanes
floods
2. Every time the happens， many soldiers， doctors and
nurses were sent to the . Many people and
charities much money and materials to help them.
disaster
rescue
injured
donated
disaster， occur， donate， hurricane， flood， rescue， injured，
relief
3. Nowadays， some high-tech equipment can display disaster forecasts
and show when and where they may to directly help people
at risk. The experts also research satellite data after disasters to
determine where efforts are most needed.
occur
relief
disaster， occur， donate， hurricane， flood， rescue， injured，
relief(共117张PPT)
Section Ⅳ Extended reading & Project & Assessment
1
篇章助解·释疑难
目 录
2
文本透析·剖语篇
4
课时检测·提能力
3
核心知识·巧突破
篇章助解·释疑难
力推课前预习
1
The Last Days of Pompeii
（Excerpt）
Edward Bulwer-Lytton （1803－1873） was a talented British writer who left his mark on① the English language.[1]His classic novel The Last Days of Pompeii imagines life in the ancient Roman② city of Pompeii in the year 79③， when Mount Vesuvius erupted④.[2]This terrible natural disaster destroyed Pompeii completely， but it also kept the ancient city as it was for future ages.Since 1748， Pompeii has been systematically⑤ unearthed⑥.Today it is an international tourist destination⑦.
[1]句中when引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词the year 79，
when在从句中作时间状语。
[2]句中as引导方式状语从句，as后的it指代前面的 the ancient
city； as it was 意为“按照原来的样子”。
【读文清障】
①leave one’s mark on 对……留下久远的影响
②Roman adj.古罗马的；罗马的
n.古罗马人；罗马人
the ancient Roman 古罗马
③in the year 79在公元79年
in the year 79 BCE在公元前79年
④erupt vi.& vt.（火山）爆发；突然发生
volcanic eruptions 火山喷发
⑤systematically adv.系统地，有组织地
systematical adj.成体系的；有条理的；系统的system n.体系；制度；
系统
⑥unearth vt.使出土，挖掘，发掘；发现，找到
[同义]excavate， explore
⑦destination n.目的地，终点
Pompeii was a typical Roman city.In its little shops， its tiny
palaces， its forum⑧， its wine bars⑨， its theatre—in the energy and
skill⑩ of its people， you saw a model of the whole Roman
Empire.[3]Trading ships bringing imports to the city or carrying
exports overseas， along with golden pleasure boats for the rich， were
crowded together in the glassy water of the port .The boats of the
fishermen moved rapidly in all directions .Above all ， the cloud-
capped top of Mount Vesuvius appeared.[4] Its ashy rocks， now
dark， now light， told a story of past eruptions that might have warned
the city what was to come！
[3]along with连接并列主语Trading ships和golden pleasure boats，
谓语是were crowded together，与前面的主语Trading ships保持数的一
致；动词-ing形式短语bringing imports to the city or carrying exports
overseas作后置定语，修饰Trading ships。
[4]now dark， now light作伴随状语； that引导定语从句，修饰
先行词a story； what was to come 作 warned 的宾语，其中be to do结
构表示将来；might have done 表示“过去本可以做但实际并没有
做”。
⑧forum n.（古罗马）公共集会场所；论坛
⑨bar n.酒吧；小馆子；吧台；条，块；栏杆；障碍 vt.封；阻
挡；阻止
wine bars 酒吧
⑩energy and skill 活力和技艺
import n.进口产品，输入的产品；输入 vt.进口，引进
export n.出口产品，输出的产品；出口，输出 vt.出口，输出
in the glassy water 在波光粼粼的水面上
port n.港口，避风港；港口城市
[同义]harbour n.海港；港口；海湾
in all directions 朝着四面八方
above all 在……上方；首先
most of all 最重要的是；首先
cloud-capped adj.高耸入云的，耸入云霄的
ashy adj.覆盖着灰的；灰色的
ash n.灰；灰烬
[5]The awful night rolled slowly away， and the dawn greyly
broke on THE LAST DAY OF POMPEII！ [6]The crowd looked
upwards， and saw， with unspeakable fear， a huge cloud shooting from
the top of the volcano.It took the form of a huge tree： the trunk，
blackness， the branches， fire！ This fire moved and changed in colour
with every moment： now it was wildly bright， now of a pale and dying
red， and now again it burnt with an unbearable light！
[5]字母全部大写，起强调作用；同时与文章标题相呼应，突出
悲剧式的主题，给读者以视觉上的震撼。
[6]and连接两个并列谓语looked和saw； saw ...a huge cloud
shooting ...是“感官动词＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构；介词短语
with unspeakable fear在此处作状语。
dawn n.黎明，破晓；开端，萌芽
vi.开始；开始清楚
at dawn 在黎明，在拂晓
take the form of 呈现……的形状；采取……的形式
unbearable adj.难耐的，无法忍受的
[构词]un-（否定前缀）＋bear（vt.）＋-able（形容词后缀）
→unbearable
[近义]intolerable adj.无法忍受的，不能容忍的，完全不可接受的
[反义]bearable adj.可忍受的，能应付的
The cries of women broke out ； the men looked at each other，
but were silent.At that moment， they felt the earth shaking beneath their
feet； beyond in the distance ， they heard the crash of falling roofs.A
moment later， the mountain-cloud seemed to roll towards them， dark
and rapid， like a river； at the same time， it threw out a shower of
ashes and huge pieces of burning stone！[7]Over the empty streets—over
the forum—far and wide —with many a noisy crash in the stormy sea—
fell that awful shower！
[7]本句是完全倒装句。该句最重要的信息 fell that awful shower
以主句形式出现在最后，次要的信息出现在句首， 通常，这样的句
式称为“圆周句”或者“掉尾句”。这种句式可以营造一种悬念，
抓住读者的注意力， 随着句子一步步展开， 一层层深入， 在末尾形
成高潮， 有力地表达了重要的信息。
break out 突然开始，爆发
beyond adv.在（或向）较远处；在另一边 prep.在（或向）更远
处；超出；晚于；无法；超出……之外
distance n.遥远，久远；距离；差异；疏远
in the distance 在远方；在远处
far and wide 到处，各处
here and there 到处，各处
Each turned to fly—each running， pressing， pushing against the
other.If， in the darkness， wife was separated from husband， or
parent from child， there was no hope of their meeting again.Each hurried
blindly and fearfully on.[8]So came the earthquake ...and so ended life
in Pompeii.
[8]本句是and连接的并列句，两个分句都是完全倒装句。
be separated from 与……分离
be divided into 被分成……
Nearly seventeen centuries had rolled away before the city of Pompeii
was dug from its silent resting place.[9] Its walls were fresh as if painted
yesterday； not a single colour changed on the rich pattern of its
floors.In its forum， the half-finished columns seemed as if just left by
the workman’s hand.[10]Long after fire and ash came for the people of
Pompeii， the remains of their beautiful city survive to remind us that
human lives burn bright and short .
[9]as if引导方式状语从句，as if painted yesterday为状语从句的
省略，完整的句子应该是as if they were painted yesterday。
[10]Long after引导时间状语从句；主句是主谓结构，其中to
remind us ...是动词不定式短语作结果状语，后面that human
lives ...中的that引导的是宾语从句。
pattern n.图案，花样；模式；范例；模型
column n.柱，圆柱；柱状物；栏；专栏；队，列
remains n.遗址，遗迹；剩余物
lives burn bright and short 生命灿烂而短暂
【参考译文】
庞贝城的末日
（节选）
爱德华·布尔沃-利顿（1803－1873）是一位才华横溢的英国作
家，对英语语言产生了深远的影响。在其经典小说《庞贝城的末日》
中，他对公元79年维苏威火山爆发时，古罗马城市庞贝的生活场景展
开了想象。这场骇人天灾将庞贝城彻底摧毁，却又为后世保存了这座
古城的原貌。从1748年起，庞贝城开始得到系统发掘，如今这里已成
为国际旅游胜地。
庞贝是一座典型的罗马城市。从它的一个个小商铺，一座座小殿
宇、广场、酒馆、剧场中——从庞贝人的活力和技艺中，你能看到整
个古罗马帝国的缩影。进口货物到城内、出口货物到海外的商船，以
及富贵人家金灿灿的游船，齐聚在港口波光粼粼的水面上。条条渔船
向着四面八方疾行。在这一切的上方，云雾笼罩的维苏威火山山顶若
隐若现。火山岩忽明忽暗，讲述着过去火山几度喷发的故事，这本来
可以警告这座城市里的人们，灾难即将降临！
可怕的夜晚缓缓退去，晦暗的晨光开启了庞贝城的末日！人们抬
头仰望，眼前景象让他们感到莫名恐惧，只见一团庞大的云正从火山
口喷薄而出。它的形状像一棵大树：树干呈黑色，树枝是烈火！火焰
翻腾着，颜色变幻不定，时而极明亮，时而又变得微弱，呈现熄灭之
前的暗红，时而又烧起来，放出刺眼的强光！
女人们开始尖叫，男人们面面相觑，却都一言不发。那一刻，他
们感到大地在脚下晃动，他们听到远处屋顶坍塌的巨响。过了片刻，
山上的云团似乎正向他们滚滚而来，阴沉迅猛，如汹涌的江水，与此
同时，云团中抛洒下阵阵雨似的火山灰和大块大块燃烧着的石头。可
怕的熔岩雨砸下来了，落在空荡荡的街道上、广场上，到处都是，落
在波涛汹涌的大海里，发出阵阵巨响！
所有人都赶忙飞奔——他们奔跑，拥挤，你推我搡。黑暗中，一
旦妻离子散，就绝不可能重逢了。每个人都惊慌失措地盲目奔逃。这
时，地震来了……庞贝城的生活就此终结。
时间流过了近十七个世纪，庞贝城终于从它寂静的长眠之地被发
掘出来。它的墙壁依然新得像昨天刚刚刷完；地板上繁复的图案，一
点都没有褪色。广场上，那些尚未完工的石柱看起来就像刚刚离开工
匠之手。在大火和火山灰吞噬庞贝城的人们很久很久之后，他们美丽
城市的遗迹幸存下来，提醒我们人类的生命灿烂而短暂。
文本透析·剖语篇
助力语篇理解
2
第一步：析架构，
理文本脉络
Read the passage quickly
and fill in the blanks with
suitable words.
第二步：精读文，达明察秋毫
Read the passage carefully and choose the best answer.
1. Which destroyed the city of Pompeii completely？（ ）
A. A terrible flood.
B. The eruption of Mount Vesuvius.
C. A hurricane.
D. A terrible tsunami.
2. Which of the following is the right order of the volcanic eruption？
（ ）
a.The fire moved and changed in colour with every moment.
b.The mountain-cloud rolled near， dark and rapid， like a river.It
threw out a shower of ashes and huge pieces of burning stone！
c.A huge cloud shot from the peak of the volcano， looking like a huge
tree of fire.
d.The earth began to shake and the sound of falling roofs could be heard.
e.The earthquake came.
A. acbed B. cadbe
C. abdec D. caebd
3. How did people react when they saw the eruption of Mount Vesuvius？
（ ）
A. Frightened. B. Calm.
C. Brave. D. Worried.
4. We can learn from the first paragraph that .（ ）
A. there used to be few shops in Pompeii
B. the people in Pompeii used to live poorly
C. Pompeii was a busy city before it was buried
D. some boats were destroyed in the accident
5. What happened to Pompeii seventeen centuries later？（ ）
A. It was buried deep and forgotten by people forever.
B. The colour faded on the rich patterns of its floors.
C. It was restored to its former glory.
D. It remained as it had been and could still remind people of its glorious
past.
第三步：通词句，学语言表达
1. 词汇学习——循规律，记单词
（1）名词＋动词-ed →形容词
①cloud-capped 高耸入云的，耸入云霄的
②man-made 人造的，人工的
③machine-made 机器制造的
（2）名词＋动词-ing →形容词
①English-speaking 讲英语的，说英语的
②peace-loving 爱好和平的
（3）形容词＋动词-ing →形容词
①funny-looking 样子好笑的；长相滑稽的
②ordinary-looking 长相一般的；相貌平平的
（4）形容词＋名词-ed →形容词
①cold-blooded 冷血的，冷酷的
②good-tempered 好脾气的
2. 美句欣赏——赏佳句，品用法
本篇课文中运用了多种修辞手法。下面我们结合课文来具体分析。
（1）排比：是把三个或三个以上的、结构相同或相似、意思相
关、语气一致的短语、句子或段落成串地排列在一起的修辞
手法。
如课文第一段中的
将六
个its结构连用，起到强调作用，意指庞贝古城在方方面面都
有古罗马帝国的影子。
In its little shops， its tiny palaces， its
forum， its wine bars， its theatre—in the energy and skill of its
people， you saw a model of the whole Roman Empire.
（2）暗喻：暗喻也称隐喻，是直接将A事物当作B事物描写，A事
物和B事物之间的联系或相似之处是暗含的。不用like、as等
比喻词。
如课文第二段中的
采用了暗喻的修辞手法，
将喷发中的火山比作一棵巨大的树。
The crowd looked upwards， and saw，
with unspeakable fear， a huge cloud shooting from the top of
the volcano.It took the form of a huge tree：the trunk，
blackness， the branches， fire！
（3）明喻：通常用比喻词对两种具有共同特征的事物或现象进行
比较，表明本体和喻体的相似关系。常用的比喻词有like、
as、as if等。
如课文第三段中的
采用了明喻的修辞手法，将火山喷发时爆发出的
滚滚浓烟比作汹涌的江水，使读者能够身临其境地感受到火
山喷发时的恐怖场面。
A moment later， the mountain-cloud
seemed to roll towards them， dark and rapid， like a
river ...
核心知识·巧突破
探究课堂重点
3
Part Ⅰ 核心词汇集释
beyond adv.在（或向）较远处，在另一边 prep.在（或向）更远
处；超出；晚于；无法；超出……之外
【教材原句】 At that moment， they felt the earth shaking beneath
their feet； beyond in the distance， they heard the crash of falling roofs.
那一刻，他们感到大地在脚下晃动；他们听到远处屋顶坍塌的巨响。
【用法】
be beyond sb 超出某人的理解能力
beyond control/repair/belief 无法控制/修理/相信
beyond one’s power 超出某人的能力
beyond one’s reach＝beyond the reach of sb 在某人够不到的地方
beyond description/expression 无法形容，难以表达
beyond comprehension 无法理解
beyond breaking point 超出极限
【佳句】 I can see through the open door into the room beyond.
通过敞开的大门我可以看见更远处的房间。
【练透】 用beyond的相关短语填空
①My mother used to keep the lighters
when I was a little child.
②I’d like to help you， but it’s really .
③The beauty of the old town is really .
④This concept was utterly ， so she
couldn’t follow what the teacher said.
beyond my reach/beyond the
reach of me
beyond my power
beyond description/expression
beyond her comprehension
【写美】 翻译句子
⑤我们已无法控制这一局面。
The situation is beyond our control.
distance n.遥远，久远；距离；差异；疏远
【用法】
（1）in the distance 在远方；在远处
at/from a distance 从远处，离一段距离（不是很远）
at a distance of ... 在……远的地方
within walking distance 在步行距离之内
keep one’s distance （from ...） （与……）保持距离
keep sb at a distance 对某人冷淡，疏远
（2）distant adj. 遥远的；疏远的
distantly adv. 遥远地；疏远地
【佳句】 Farther in the distance， I could enjoy the view of snowy
mountains.
在更远的地方，我可以欣赏雪山的景色。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①We spotted them waving to us a distance of 50 meters.
②With many people around the fountain， I saw it pumping the water into
the air a distance.
at
at/from
③They told me they were （distance） related in the
village.
④To many people， technology means computers， hand-held devices，
or vehicles that travel to （distance） planets.
distantly
distant
【写美】 完成句子
⑤ ， we saw the Pacific Ocean for the first time.
在远处， 我们第一次看到了太平洋。
In the distance
rescue n.& vt.救援，营救，抢救
【教材原句】 Dogs have been very helpful in rescue efforts on land.
狗对陆地上的救援工作非常有帮助。
【用法】
（1）come to one’s rescue 营救某人，帮助某人
a rescue attempt/operation 一次营救尝试/行动
a rescue team 一支救援队
rescue workers/boats 救援人员/船只
（2）rescue sb from ... 从……中营救某人
（3）rescuer n. 营救人员
【佳句】 When we were trapped in the ruins， the rescue team came
to our rescue and rescued all of us from the ruins.
当我们被困在废墟中时，救援队赶来救援，把我们从废墟中救了
出来。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①Fortunately，these （rescue）brought the climbers back
safe and sound.
②The two men on the fishing ship （rescue） before it
sank.
③The woman is comforting the boy （rescue） from the old
building.
rescuers
were rescued
rescued
【写美】 词汇升级
④Luckily， the police rescued us when we were trapped in the car.
→Luckily， the police when we were trapped in
the car.
came to our rescue
sharp adj.灵敏的；锋利的；急剧的；明显的；尖锐的；强烈的
【教材原句】 Because of their small size and sharp sense of smell，
dogs can locate survivors much faster than humans can.
因为狗体形小，嗅觉灵敏，它们定位幸存者的速度要比人快得多。
【用法】
（1）a sharp increase/fall in prices 价格的急剧上涨/下跌
a sharp pain 一阵剧痛
sharp eyes 敏锐的眼睛
（2）sharply adv. 猛烈地；急剧地；明显地
sharpen vt.& vi. （使）变得锋利，变得清晰；使尖锐
sharpener n. 磨具，削具
【佳句】 I sharpened the knife using a sharpener， and now it’s
sharp enough to cut meat into pieces.
我用磨刀器把这把刀磨锋利，现在它很锋利，能够把肉切成碎块。
【练透】 语境辨义/单句语法填空
①After the storm， there was a sharp drop in temperature.
②It was very sharp of you to have noticed that.It is only a very small fault.
③This knife needs （sharpen）.
④The total number of private cars rose （sharp） from 32 million to 154 million.
急剧的
灵敏的
sharpening/to be sharpened
sharply
【写美】 完成句子
⑤ you to see that！
你能看到那一点，很有洞察力！
It was very sharp of
Part Ⅱ 中频词汇特训
take the form of 呈现……的形状；采取……的形式
【教材原句】 It took the form of a huge tree： the trunk，
blackness， the branches， fire！
它的形状像一棵大树：树干呈黑色，树枝是烈火！
【用法】
（1）form n. 形状；形式；结构；种类；表格；体能
vt.& vi. （使）组成；形成；构成
（2）take form 逐渐成形；逐渐发展
in the form of ... 以……的形式
fill in/out the form 填表格
（3）form the habit of doing sth 养成做某事的习惯
【佳句】 This valley takes the form of a big “U”.
这座山谷呈现出一个大大的U形。
We can form a good habit of putting the rubbish in the trash can.
我们要养成把垃圾投进垃圾箱的好习惯。
【练透】 根据汉语提示完成句子
①We are supposed to （养成良好的学习
习惯）， which can contribute to better academic performance.
②Assuming that you are interested in it， please
（填写申请表） and send it to us.
③Nowadays the beggars like our help （以钱
的形式） rather than food.
④The aid might （呈现……的形式） personal
service or of cash.
⑤In her body a new life was （逐渐成形）.
form good learning habits
fill in the application
form
in the form of money
take the form of
taking form
locate vt.找出……的准确位置；把……安置在（或建造于）
【教材原句】 Because of their small size and sharp sense of smell，
dogs can locate survivors much faster than humans can.
因为狗体形小，嗅觉灵敏，它们定位幸存者的速度要比人快得多。
【用法】
（1）located adj. 位于；处于；坐落于
be located in/on/at 位于；坐落于
be situated in 位于；坐落于
lie in 位于
（2）location n. 地点；位置
the location of ... ……的位置
【佳句】 First of all， the reading room in school library is located on
the third floor and opens from 8：00 a.m. to 5：30 p.m. on weekdays
and 9：00 a.m. to 4：00 p.m. at weekends.
首先，校图书馆阅览室位于三楼，工作日上午8：00至下午5：30，周
末上午9：00至下午4：00开放。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①Surrounded by green trees， the farm （locate） at the
foot of the hill near our school.
②The （locate） of the newly-built factory is close to the
railway.
is located
location
【写美】 一句多译
③这个农场位于我市郊区，有蔬菜、水果等多种农作物。
→The farm， ， has a wide
range of crops such as vegetables and fruit.（过去分词短语作定语）
→The farm， ， has a wide range
of crops such as vegetables and fruit.（非限制性定语从句，lie）
located/situated in the suburb of our city
which lies in the suburb of our city
Part Ⅲ 重点句型解构
句型公式：as引导的方式状语从句
【教材原句】 This terrible natural disaster destroyed Pompeii
completely， but it also kept the ancient city as it was for future ages.
这场骇人天灾将庞贝城彻底摧毁，却又为后世保存了这座古城的
原貌。
【用法】
as作连词的主要用法：
（1）as在本句中引导方式状语从句，意为“如同，按照……的方式
（样子、方法）”。常用于（just） as ...as ...和as＋动词-ed形式
的省略结构中。
（2）as引导时间状语从句，意为“随着；一边……一边……”。
（3）as引导原因状语从句，意为“因为；由于”。
（4）as引导比较状语从句，意为“像……一样”。
（5）as引导让步状语从句，意为“尽管，虽然”，从句通常用倒装句式，即“名词/形容词/副词/分词/动词＋as＋系动词be/助动词”结构。
【品悟】 When in Rome， do as Romans do.入乡随俗。
As my mother was satisfied with my behaviour， she began to smile.
由于妈妈对我的表现感到满意，她露出了笑容。
They sang songs as they were doing farm work.
他们一边干农活，一边唱歌。
【写美】 完成句子/句式升级
① ， your dream will come true soon.
如果你按照我说的去做，你的梦想将很快实现。
②The two boys sang in a loud voice .
两个男孩沿着河一边走，一边高歌。
③ ， I have to look it up in
the dictionary.
因为我不知道这个单词的意思，只好查词典了。
④ ， he knows a lot about astronomy.
虽然他很年轻，但他知道很多天文学知识。
If you do as I say
as they walked along the river
As I don’t know the meaning of the word
Young as he is
⑤Although they were tired， they stayed up preparing the report.
→ ， they stayed up preparing the report.（用as升
级句子）
⑥As time went by， they saw less and less of each other.
→ ， they saw less and less of each other.（用
with升级句子）
Tired as they were
With time going by
句型公式：be to do结构
【教材原句】 Its ashy rocks， now dark， now light， told a story of
past eruptions that might have warned the city what was to come！
火山岩忽明忽暗，讲述着过去火山几度喷发的故事，这本来可以警告
这座城市里的人们，灾难即将降临！
【用法】
be to do结构表示将来，主要有以下几个方面的含义：
（1）表示不可避免地将要发生或命中注定的事情，常译为“注定
会……，一定会……”。
（2）表示预先安排好的计划或约定。
（3）表示“必须……”，相当于must或have to。
（4）表示“想；打算”，相当于intend或want。
（5）用于if或even if/though引导的从句中，表示对未来的假设。
【品悟】 His invention was to bring a sharp increase to the rice
production of the world.
他的发明注定要大幅度提高世界水稻的产量。
【点津】 在be to do结构中，若do与句子的主语构成逻辑上的动宾关
系，动词不定式要用to be done。
【写美】 完成句子
①The discovery on the treatment of heart
disease.
这一发现将对心脏病的治疗产生重大影响。
② outside of the school gate.
我们大家将在校门外集合。 （应用文写作之通知）
③You it to the police.
你本来应该向警察报告此事的。
④If we on time， we’d better go now.
如果我们想要按时到那儿，最好现在就走。
⑤ because you are wise and hard-working.你一定
会成功的，因为你既聪明又勤奋。 （应用文写作之建议信）
is to have a major effect
All of us are to meet
are to have reported
are to be there
You are to succeed
句型公式：状语从句的省略
【教材原句】 Its walls were fresh as if painted yesterday ...它的墙壁
依然新得像昨天刚刚刷完……
【用法】
句中as if引导方式状语从句，as if 后省略了they were。
（1）as if/though引导的从句中的主语和主句主语一致，且含有be动
词时，从句中的主语和be动词常常可以省略。
（2）引导状语从句时，可以省略从句中的主语和be动词的连词还有
while、 once、 as、 when、 unless、 until、 even if、 though、 if等。
【品悟】 Then she was just staring at me as if （she was） trying to
figure me out.
当时她就一直盯着我，好像想弄明白我是谁。
While （he was） walking the dog， he was careless and it got loose and
was hit by a car.在遛狗的时候，他不小心松了手，结果狗被一辆汽车
撞了。
Once （it is） set， the time cannot be changed.
时间一旦被设定就不能更改。
【写美】 完成句子/句式升级
① ， the little girl was only crying，
saying nothing.
当被问到她从哪里来时，这个小女孩只是哭，什么也不说。 （读后
续写之情感描写）
②The old man was lying on the ground as if he was badly hurt.
→The old man was lying on the ground .（状语从句
的省略）
When asked where she was from
as if badly hurt
③If I am accepted， I can introduce Chinese painting skills to visitors.It
can help them know more about Chinese culture.
→
（用状语从句
的省略和定语从句合并升级）
If accepted， I can introduce Chinese painting skills to visitors，
which can help them know more about Chinese culture.
课时检测·提能力
培育学科素养
4
维度一：品句填词
根据所给单词的首字母或汉语提示，写出单词的正确形式。
1. To her worry， her mother’s condition took a s turn for the
worse.
2. Firefighters r nearly 20 people from the roof of the burning
building.
harp
escued
3. We i raw materials and energy and e mainly industrial
products.
4. Our luggage was checked all the way through to our final
d .
5. We watched the explosion from a safe d .
6. When the volcano e ， the farmers were working at the foot of
the mountain.
7. Mooncake is a kind of round cookie with different artistic
（图案） on the surface.
mport
xport
estination
istance
rupted
patterns
8. Try to （找到……的准确位置） exactly where the smells
are entering the room.
9. Our success was far （超出） what we thought possible.
10. Researchers have （发现） documents from the
1600s.
locate
beyond
unearthed
维度二：词形转换
用所给单词的正确形式填空。
1. Her manner was cold and （distance）.
2. The （erupt） of an active volcano is a terrible
phenomenon.
3. The village was used as the （locate） for a popular TV
series.
4. He was presented with the watch on the occasion of his
（retire）.
distant
eruption
location
retirement
5. Keeping prices from going up too （sharp） is a challenge
to China as well as the whole world.
6. It took （rescue） 90 minutes to reach the trapped men.
7. By the evening， it had become （unbearable） cold.
sharply
rescuers
unbearably
维度三：固定搭配和句式
根据汉语及括号内提示完成下列句子。
1. 我想和你成为像从前那样好的朋友。（方式状语从句）
I want to become good friends with you ！
2. 他买了一块“心”形生日蛋糕。（take the form of）
He bought a birthday cake， which .
3. 你为什么迟到了？你本应该早来五分钟。（情态动词＋have
done）
Why are you late？ You five minutes
earlier.
as it was before
took the form of a heart
should/ought to have come
4. 一个老妇人站在学校门口，似乎在等人。（as if 引导方式状语从句
的省略）
An old woman stood at the school gate .
5. 火车将于下午一点到达上海。（be to do）
The train .
as if waiting for someone
is to arrive in Shanghai at 1：00 pm
维度四：课文语法填空
阅读课文内容，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确
形式。
Pompeii was a typical Roman city 1. people could see a
model of the whole Roman Empire.The rocks of Mount Vesuvius in
Pompeii warned people 2. the possible eruption.
where
of
The next morning， a huge cloud in the form of a tree 3.
（shoot） from the peak of the volcano.The earth 4.
（shake） violently.Ashes and 5. （burn） stones were
thrown out like a shower.People ran away 6. all directions
fearfully.Then 7. （come） the earthquake.
Nearly seventeen centuries later， the 8. （remain） of
the city were dug out.Its walls were fresh as if 9. （paint）
yesterday and the columns seemed as if just 10. （leave） by the
workman’s hand.
shot
shook
burning
in
came
remains
painted
left
Ⅰ.阅读理解
Can you survive an unannounced storm？ Although there is expert
broadcasting and we are equipped with cellphones， there are still some
examples when the violent weather takes us by surprise.
While most Atlantic hurricanes form off the coast of Africa giving
plenty of early warning， sudden Caribbean and Gulf of Mexico
hurricanes form and move rapidly in less than a day’s time，
endangering everyone and everything in their path.
There have been oil workers trapped off the coast when sudden storms
appeared.Field archaeologists have been stuck in seaside areas without
storm warnings.A few decades ago， a Texas National Guard group was
trapped on the beach by rain-forced flooding and had to ride out a major
hurricane during a training exercise.There’ve been a few cases where
travelers were trapped on an island or in a seaside area and unable to
escape in time.
Escaping from the storm-threatened areas is generally a choice for
most of us — but not for all.Each year thousands of islanders across the
Caribbean face the danger of hurricanes without a public shelter to hide
in.Most ride out the storm in their homes.
But there’re a few things you can do to prepare yourself for some
unexpected emergencies.Being prepared for the unexpected may be your
best and only defense.If you’re headed outdoors for a few days or
weeks， you should always carry a flashlight （手电筒） with extra
batteries， a GPS device （装置） ， and a basic medical box.If you’re
traveling in your car， remember you may suffer from high winds.You’d
better not stay inside to avoid being blown away along with your
car.Keeping your head and your courage up is crucial to survival in any
type of danger.Let common sense guide you and always be prepared for
the worst.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍的是飓风给人们带来
的危害，同时提供了一些应对突发情况的建议。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍的是飓风给人们带来
的危害，同时提供了一些应对突发情况的建议。
1. What can we know about most Atlantic hurricanes from the text？
（ ）
A. They form in the Caribbean Sea.
B. They come from Gulf of Mexico.
C. They are from the Pacific Ocean.
D. They develop off the coast of Africa.
解析： 细节理解题。根据第二段中While most Atlantic
hurricanes form off the coast of Africa giving plenty of early warning可
知，大部分的大西洋飓风是在非洲沿岸形成的。
2. What is the third paragraph mainly about？（ ）
A. The bad situations of oil workers.
B. People trapped by sudden storms.
C. The danger of traveling on an island.
D. The Texas National Guard group.
解析： 段落大意题。根据第三段中oil workers、Field
archeologists、a Texas National Guard group和travelers可知，本段主
要讲述的是被突如其来的飓风所困的人。
3. What is the purpose of the last paragraph？（ ）
A. To give some advice.
B. To encourage traveling.
C. To underline the danger of hurricanes.
D. To give some warnings.
解析： 目的意图题。根据最后一段首句But there’re a few
things you can do to prepare yourself for some unexpected
emergencies.以及下文提供的建议可知，本段的目的是给出一些应
对预料之外的紧急情况的建议。
4. In which part of a website would you most probably find the text？
（ ）
A. Food. B. Sports.
C. Life. D. Culture.
解析： 文章出处题。根据首段并结合下文中介绍的飓风给人们
带来的危害，同时提供了一些应对突发情况的建议可知，本文最有
可能出现在网站的“生命；生活”部分。
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
While today’s roads are safer than ever before， accidents still
happen.5.（ ） This practice involves anticipating potential risks and
driving in a way that keeps you safe and secure based on road
conditions.Here are some specific tips that could help you.
Observe， anticipate and plan.
Defensive driving is all about being observant， anticipating
problems and planning ahead.So， what can you see？ What does that
mean to you？ And what will you do about it to stay safe？ 6.（ ）
This means you can anticipate that there might be a garbage truck around
the next corner， so you should slow down on the bend just in case.
Be cautious about turn signals.
Just because the car in front of you is indicating left doesn’t mean it
will actually turn that way.7.（ ） Wait and see what the driver does
rather than presuming （推测） he or she realizes that the turn signals are
on.Don’t do anything until you know for sure.
Create a safety bubble.
8. （ ） In this way， you will have room to maneuver （移动
车辆） when others make mistakes.Always remember that however hard
you are concentrating on the road， the person coming toward you might
be messing with their phone or just generally distracted.You can never be
sure they’ll do the right thing.
9. （ ）
If the person behind you is driving erratically （摇晃不定地） or too
close， when it’s safe to do so， pull over and let him or her
pass.Driving is not a race.It’s best to play it safe and avoid putting
yourself in a dangerous position.
A. If in doubt， pull over.
B. Look in your mirrors frequently.
C. Keep a close eye on the road ahead.
D. For example， you might notice some garbage cans are out on the
street.
E. Keep as much space around your car as possible when you’re on the
road.
F. One of the best ways to stay safe on roads is by practicing defensive
driving.
G. Unless you can physically see the vehicle turning， that action hasn’t
been confirmed.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章提出了几点关于防御性驾驶的
建议。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章提出了几点关于防御性驾驶的
建议。
5. F 设空处前一句说明虽然如今的道路比以往任何时候都更安全，
但事故仍在发生；设空处后一句提到这种做法涉及预测潜在风险以及
根据路况安全驾驶。设空处后一句的This practice指代F项中的
defensive driving。
6. D 上文指出防御性驾驶就是要作出观察、预测和计划。下文说明
这就意味着你能预见到下一个拐角处可能会有一辆垃圾车，所以你应
该在弯道减速，以防万一。D项对上文进行举例说明，其中的garbage
cans与下文中的a garbage truck相呼应。
7. G 设空处前一句说明即便你前面的车开启了左转向灯，也不意味
着它真的会左转。设空处后一句指出：观望一下前车的驾驶员会怎么
做，而不是假定这位驾驶员知道自己开启了转向灯。G项中的turning
与小标题中的turn signals以及下文中的turn signals相呼应。
8. E 下文指出：这样一来，当别人犯错时，你就有回旋的余地。E
项中的Keep as much space around your car as possible 与设空处后一句
中的have room to maneuver相呼应。
9. A 通读设空处下面一段可知，如果你后车的驾驶员开车摇晃不定
或者离得太近，在安全的情况下靠边停车，为其让路。开车不是比
赛，安全最重要。因此，A项概括了本段主旨，适合作小标题，其中
的pull over与下文中的pull over构成原词复现。
Ⅲ.完形填空
Moe Hunter was struck down by a serious brain disease many years
ago， and he spent more than a month in a coma （昏迷）.He 10
brain surgery and recovered much more quickly than expected： “My
doctor said it was a 11 .”
Not only that， he soon amazed his friends and family with
the 12 he showed.The 38-year-old 13 had a talent for drawing，
painting， and model building — despite “being rubbish” at art in
school.
Hunter said， “ When I 14 all of my stuff， I had no idea how
it had happened.When I spoke to the doctor， he just said ‘ 15
it， ’ and said there’s so much about the brain they still can’t 16
and this is just a phenomenon （现象）.Nobody has really given a
medical explanation for it.”
The 17 thing he drew was a character in a video game， and his
mother immediately asked， “When did you learn how to 18 ？”
“It was 19 .I haven’t stopped since then.I just 20 I had
this passion which never existed in me before，” Hunter said.
He used his 21 skills to work for himself as a carpenter （木工）
and began 22 models of his favourite superheroes and film
characters.The father-of-one has since sold pieces of his artwork.
“After being given this second chance at life and a new 23 ， I
wanted to 24 it， and it was nice.I’m just doing what my doctor
told me to do and trying to enjoy it，” said Hunter.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。一位男士在接受脑部手术后，意外
获得了从未有过的艺术才能。
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。一位男士在接受脑部手术后，意外
获得了从未有过的艺术才能。
10. A. awoke from B. counted on
C. gave up D. prepared for
解析： 根据上句的he spent more than a month in a coma可知，
Hunter昏迷了一个多月；结合本句中的recovered much more
quickly than expected可知，Hunter接受脑部手术后醒了过来，并
恢复得比预期快得多。
11. A. miss B. warning
C. mistake D. wonder
解析： 根据语境可知，空前的it指代上文中Hunter恢复得很快
这件事，结合文章首句中的a serious brain disease和a month in a
coma可知，能在重病后恢复得这么快是一个奇迹。
12. A. generosity B. creativity
C. curiosity D. honesty
解析： 根据空前的he soon amazed his friends and family以及下
句中的had a talent for drawing， painting， and model building和
“being rubbish” at art in school可知，Hunter上学时并不擅长艺
术，因此他是突然拥有绘画和模型制作等才能的；而进行艺术类
活动是在创作，因此是他所展示出的创造力令他的朋友和家人大
为惊讶。第五段中Hunter所说which never existed in me before也是
提示。
13. A. suddenly B. probably
C. finally D. nearly
解析： 参见上题解析。
14. A. tried out B. handed in
C. looked at D. took over
解析： 根据语境可知，后半句中的it指代all of my stuff，即
Hunter创作出的作品；结合上文中他突然拥有艺术才能可知，他
看着自己创作出来的东西时，都不知道自己是怎么做到的。
15. A. forget B. stop C. prove D. enjoy
解析： 最后一段中的I’m just doing what my doctor told me to
do and trying to enjoy it提示本空选择enjoy，属于原词复现。
16. A. imagine B. cure
C. understand D. change
解析： 根据空后的this is just a phenomenon及下句可知，医生
表示，有很多关于大脑的事情他们仍然无法了解。
17. A. same B. only C. best D. first
解析： 根据后半句his mother immediately asked， “When did
you learn how to 18 ？”和下段中I haven’t stopped since then.
可知，此处介绍的是Hunter所画的第一幅图。
18. A. drive B. draw C. dance D. design
解析： 上半句中的drew提示本空选draw，属于原词复现。
19. A. crazy B. hopeless
C. wrong D. different
解析： 根据上段中母亲的提问可知，Hunter的画令母亲感到惊
讶。由此推断，此处是Hunter对自己突然具备绘画才能的事实感
到不可思议。故选crazy。
20. A. remembered B. believed
C. found D. accepted
解析： 根据上句I haven’t stopped since then.可知，空后的I
had this passion which never existed in me before是Hunter所发现的
事情。
21. A. medical B. unique
C. social D. new
解析： 根据空后的work for himself as a carpenter可知，Hunter
利用的是他的艺术才能；结合上文内容可知，他的艺术才能是手
术后意外得到的，即新获得的，故选new。下段首句中的new也是
提示。
22. A. building B. following
C. testing D. exploring
解析： 根据空前的work for himself as a carpenter和下句The
father-of-one has since sold pieces of his artwork.可知，Hunter开始
制作并出售他最喜欢的超级英雄和电影角色的模型。
23. A. job B. meaning
C. talent D. identity
解析： 根据下句中Hunter所说I’m just doing what my doctor
told me to do and trying to enjoy it并结合文章内容可知，Hunter术
后重生并获得了新才能，而他决定好好利用和享受这一才能。
24. A. take place of B. take advantage of
C. take care of D. take charge of
解析： 参见上题解析。
Ⅳ.读后续写
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构
成一篇完整的短文。
Steven James Squeak was a student in Lincoln Elementary
School.When Squeak entered the fifth grade， he was already a wizard
（奇才） at riding a skateboard （滑板）.He also kept his grades up，
proving he was really a great role model for other students.
Squeak loved skateboarding， but he wanted to give something new a
try.After seeing a video of some amazing surfers on the Internet， he
knew what challenge he wanted to take on next.
“Surfing is perfect for me，” he told his parents one evening，
while trying to get them to pay for lessons.“Besides， it’s just like
skateboarding！”
Squeak’s parents agreed to pay for some surfing lessons for their
son.They invited a man named Troy Mason to teach him.Troy had been in
international competitions when he was young and was rather famous in
the surfing world.
Squeak soon found out that surfing was quite different from
skateboarding.After forty-five minutes of his first lesson with Troy， he
failed to balance himself on his new surfboard for more than a second or
two.While on top of the surfboard， unlike the pavement （路面） under
his skateboard that never moved， the water never stopped moving，
causing him to fall time and time again.
“You’ll get it， kid，” Troy said to him， trying to encourage
Squeak.“Don’t worry about it.You just need to keep coming out here
into the water with me to practice， the same as what you did with your
skateboard.”
Squeak thanked Troy and showed up for each of his lessons.
Throughout his fourth lesson with Troy， Squeak was finally making some progress.He could stand on the board and direct it a little bit to the left and a little bit to the right.
“Keep up the good work！” said Troy.“Let’s head back to the
beach.”
Troy turned around and swam in the direction of the beach.Squeak
wanted to keep on surfing and try staying on his board a little longer.
Suddenly， he heard someone yelling “Help！ Help！” Squeak saw a man struggling in the water， and that there was no one else nearby.The lifeguard （救生员） must have just switched spots.
注意：1.续写词数应为150左右；
2. 请按如下格式作答。
Squeak concentrated as hard as he could and hopped （跳） on his
board.
Troy was waiting along with a crowd of people.
参考范文：
Squeak concentrated as hard as he could and hopped （跳） on his
board.He took a wave right over to the man who called for help.It was the
longest time Squeak had spent balancing on his surfboard yet！ Squeak got
over to him in a moment and put his arm under the man’s. They used his
board to float to the beach where a crowd had gathered.Finally， the
lifeguard saw what was happening and jumped in to help， too.
Troy was waiting along with a crowd of people.As soon as Squeak
and the man he’d helped got back to the beach， he ran up to
Squeak.“Troy！” Squeak said excitedly.“Did you see me？ I
surfed！ I really surfed！” Troy nodded happily and hugged him.He’d
seen Squeak help the man， and felt proud of him.“Squeak， you are a
hero！” He said aloud.He was even surprised that Squeak could surf！
From then on， Squeak was known more for his surfing than his
skateboarding.(共114张PPT)
Section Ⅰ
Welcome to the unit & Reading
1
篇章助解·释疑难
目 录
2
文本透析·剖语篇
4
课时检测·提能力
3
核心知识·巧突破
篇章助解·释疑难
力推课前预习
1
[1]Pupils’ lives spared① during Falmont earthquake
By Raymond Tran
18 March
[2]FALMONT—On 17 March， 476 students and 36 teachers at
Falmont Primary School escaped an earthquake that hit② the county at 2：
27 p.m.Only 5 students suffered slight injuries， despite the current
figures of 7 killed and over 200 injured③ in the disaster④ area at large⑤.
[1]英语报刊的新闻标题一般不用过去时态，通常采用现在时
态，以达到使动词既传神达意又具有时间感的目的，这种用法被称
作“新闻现在时”。 该标题省略了be动词are； 标题中的spared 是对
新闻核心内容的提炼；后置的介词短语during Falmont earthquake点明
事件发生的情境。
[2]句中that 引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词an earthquake，
that 在从句中作主语。
【读文清障】
①spare [生义]vt. 使幸免；使逃脱
②hit vi.& vt.攻击，袭击；打击，危害 n.打，击；受欢迎的人
（或事物）
③injure vt.伤害，使受伤；损害
injured adj.受伤的
injury n.伤害；损害
④disaster n.灾难，灾害；彻底失败
disastrous adj.灾难性的
⑤at large 整个，全部
[3]Alice Brown， head teacher at Falmont Primary School， was
teaching when the floor began to shake. Her students’ reaction⑥ was
quick and correct — they moved under their desks， head first， and held
on to⑦ the legs of the desks.[4]At the same time， Miss Brown quickly
opened the classroom door， in case⑧ it became damaged during the
shaking and could not open.[5]There were loud crashes⑨ of glass
breaking and things falling to the ground， but the students remained still
and waited calmly and quietly.
[3]本句为sb was doing ... when ...句型，表示“某人正在
做……，这时（突然）……”，when用作并列连词，when后的分句
用一般过去时。其中head teacher at Falmont Primary School作Alice
Brown的同位语。
[4]句中in case引导目的状语从句，意为“以防，以免”。
[5]本句是but连接的并列句。前一个分句中of glass breaking and
things falling to the ground是介词短语作后置定语；glass breaking和
things falling to the ground是动词-ing形式的复合结构。
⑥reaction n.反应，回应；抗拒；化学反应
react vi.（对……）起反应，回应
⑦hold on to 抓紧，不放开
hold on （接电话）请稍等
⑧in case 以防；以防万一
in case of 如果；假使
⑨crash n.碰撞声，破裂声；碰撞；崩溃
vi.& vt.碰撞，撞击；崩溃
[6]The moment the shaking stopped， Miss Brown sensed it was the best time for the class to make their escape⑩. She signalled to her
students to exit the classroom in an orderly line covering their heads
with their hands.Within one minute and twenty seconds， the whole class went down the stairs and rushed to the playground.Soon students from other classes arrived too.[7]After a roll call confirmed that all were safe and sound ， they relaxed， laughing， crying and hugging each other.
[6]名词短语The moment用作连词，引导时间状语从句，表示
“一……就……”；主句谓语动词sensed后接省略that的宾语从句；it
was the best time for sb to do sth 表示“是某人做某事的最好时候”。
[7]句中After 引导时间状语从句，从句中含有一个that引导的宾
语从句that all were safe and sound；主句谓语是relaxed，三个并列的
动词-ing形式laughing， crying和 hugging作伴随状语。
⑩make one’s escape 逃生
have a narrow escape 死里逃生；九死一生
signal vi.& vt.发信号，示意；标志 n.信号，暗号；标志；信号灯
exit vt.& vi.出去，离去，退场；退出 n.出口，通道；离开
entrance n.入口；通道；进入
the entrance/exit to ... ……的入口/出口
orderly adj.有秩序的，有条理的，整齐的
in an orderly line 井然有序；有秩序地排队
stair n.楼梯；梯级
upstairs adv.在楼上
downstairs adv.在楼下
roll n.名单；卷；一管；翻滚
vi.& vt.翻滚，滚动；翻身；卷起
roll call 点名
confirm vt.证实，确认；使确信；批准
confirmation n.证实；确认书；证明书
safe and sound 安然无恙的
hug vt.拥抱，搂抱；抱紧
[同义]embrace vt.拥抱，抱
“We practise earthquake safety procedures twice a year，” said
Miss Brown，“so the kids were calm enough to protect themselves
during the earthquake.”
procedure n.程序，步骤，手续
safety procedures 安全程序
Girl saves 100 from tsunami
By Jessie Cable
21 December
[8]NEWDALE—On 20 December， a series of huge waves
caused by an undersea earthquake raced across the ocean near Goldshore
and left thousands dead.[9]Goldshore Beach was the only local beach to
survive the disaster without any loss of life.A 10-year-old girl， Sabrina
Andron， helped around 100 people escape danger with her knowledge of
tsunamis.
[8]过去分词短语caused by ...earthquake作后置定语，修饰名词
短语a series of huge waves；left thousands dead是“leave＋宾语＋宾语
补足语”结构。
[9]句中beach由the only修饰，故其后用动词不定式短语to
survive ...of life作后置定语。
tsunami n.海啸
a series of 一系列
[同义]a range of
race vt.& vi.赛跑；比赛；快速移动；快速运转
race across 急速横渡，急速穿越
The day began like any other on Goldshore Beach.[10]People were
walking， running or simply sitting on the sandy beach， enjoying the
warm sea air and the soft wind that brushed their hair.Sabrina was one of
the happy tourists until she noticed something odd .[11]“The water was
like the bubbles on the top of a beer，” she later explained.“It
wasn’t calm and it wasn’t going in and then out.It was just coming in
and in and in.” Sabrina had just learnt about tsunamis in a Geography
lesson.[12] It immediately occurred to her that these were signs of an
approaching tsunami .
[10]本句用并列结构walking， running or simply sitting ...描写
了平常的一天游客们在海边悠闲、舒适的状态，与下文中海啸来临
前的不平常形成强烈对比；enjoying ...their hair 为动词-ing形式短语
作伴随状语；that引导定语从句，修饰先行词the soft wind。
[11]本句使用了明喻的修辞手法，将海水（water）的状态比喻
成（like）啤酒表面的泡沫（the bubbles on the top of a beer），生动
形象。
[12]It occurred to sb that ...表示“某人突然想到……”，其
中，It 为形式主语，真正的主语是that引导的从句。
odd adj.奇怪的，怪异的；偶尔的；不成对的
[同义]strange， unusual
[反义]normal， regular
bubble n.泡沫，泡，气泡
occur vi.发生，出现；存在于
occur to 被想到，浮现在脑中
it occurs to sb that ...某人突然意识到……
an approaching tsunami 一场即将到来的海啸
Sabrina was frightened， but she soon kept her head .She warned
her parents of the danger， though at first they just thought she was
joking.[13]However， Sabrina was certain that a terrible disaster was on
its way and kept asking her parents to talk to a safety officer.To her great
relief ， the officer immediately realized the coming danger.The beach
was rapidly cleared of people， just before the huge waves crashed into
the coast.
[13]句中was certain that ...和kept asking ...是并列谓语；that a
terrible disaster was on its way是that引导的宾语从句。
keep one’s head （在困境中）保持冷静
relief n.宽慰，轻松；减轻，消除；救济
to one’s great relief 使某人大为宽慰的是
clear ...of sb 使某人离开
be cleared of 被清除；撤走；清空
clear up 清理；消除；（天气）放晴
【参考译文】
弗尔蒙特发生地震 小学生成功逃生
雷蒙德·特兰
3月18日
弗尔蒙特——3月17日下午2：27，一场地震袭击了弗尔蒙特县，
弗尔蒙特小学476名学生和36名教师成功逃生。尽管目前整个灾区的
伤亡数字是7人死亡，200多人受伤，但（在这所学校）只有5名学生
受了轻伤。
弗尔蒙特小学校长艾丽斯·布朗当时正在授课，突然地面开始晃
动。她的学生们反应迅速、正确——他们头朝里， 爬到课桌下面，并
紧紧抓住桌腿。与此同时，布朗女士立刻打开教室门，以防门在震动
中损坏打不开。尽管玻璃破碎和物体落地发出阵阵巨响，但是学生们
仍然一动不动，沉着安静地等待着。
晃动一停止，布朗女士立即意识到这是全班逃生的最好时机。她
示意学生们抱着头，排好队，有序离开教室。1分20秒内，全班下楼
梯，跑到了操场上。很快，其他班的学生也赶到了。点名确认所有人
都安然无恙后，他们才放松下来，笑啊，哭啊，互相拥抱着。
“我们每年进行两次地震安全程序演练，”布朗女士说，“因此
在地震时，孩子们都十分镇定，能够保护好自己。”
女孩拯救百人免遭海啸袭击
杰西·凯布尔
12月21日
纽代尔——12月20日，由海底地震引起的一排排巨浪急速冲过金
海岸附近的海面，造成数千人死亡。金海岸海滩是当地唯一一个在此
次灾难中没有任何人员损失的海滩。一个10岁的女孩，萨布丽娜·安
德龙，利用自己掌握的海啸知识帮助大约100人脱险。
那天刚开始，金海岸海滩上与往常一样。人们在散步、晨跑，或
者就是坐在沙滩上，享受着温暖的海边空气和拂过发际的微风。萨布
丽娜是这些快乐的游客中的一个，直到她注意到了一些奇怪的现象。
“海水像啤酒表面的泡沫一样，” 她后来解释说，“不平静，也没有
潮来潮去。海水只是一个劲儿地涌过来，涌过来，再涌过来。”萨布
丽娜刚在一节地理课上学习了有关海啸的知识。她立刻意识到这些是
海啸来临的征兆。
萨布丽娜吓坏了，不过她很快冷静下来。她提醒父母有危险，但
一开始他们只当她是在开玩笑。不过，萨布丽娜确信，一场可怕的灾
难正在逼近，于是便不停地让父母去和安全员谈一谈。使她大为宽慰
的是，这名安全员立即意识到了即将到来的危险。就在巨浪拍岸的前
一刻，海滩上的人迅速疏散一空。
文本透析·剖语篇
助力语篇理解
2
第一步：析架构，理文本脉络
Read the passage quickly and fill in the blanks with suitable words.
第二步：精读文，达明察秋毫
Read the passage carefully and choose the best answer.
1. What did Miss Brown do when she found the floor began to shake？
（ ）
A. She waited calmly and quietly.
B. She still taught in the classroom.
C. She quickly opened the classroom door.
D. She signalled to her students to exit the classroom.
2. Why could the kids protect themselves during the earthquake？
（ ）
A. The students of Falmont Primary School were brave.
B. They practised earthquake safety procedures regularly.
C. The classroom doors of Falmont Primary School were open.
D. Alice Brown was the head teacher at Falmont Primary School.
3. How did Sabrina’s parents react when they heard her warning at
first？（ ）
A. They thought she was joking.
B. They cleared the beach rapidly.
C. They told the safety officer immediately.
D. They immediately realized the coming danger.
4. What’s the right order according to the second passage？（ ）
a.Sabrina’s parents didn’t believe her words.
b.Sabrina’s parents talked to the safety officer.
c.The beach was rapidly cleared of people by the safety officer.
d.People were enjoying the warm sea air and the soft wind happily.
e.Sabrina noticed something unusual and told her parents.
A. cdeba B. eabcd
C. cbaed D. deabc
5. Which of the following can best describe Sabrina？（ ）
A. Frank and brave.
B. Wise and calm.
C. Responsible and generous.
D. Energetic and independent.
第三步：通词句，学语言表达
1. 词汇学习——循规律，记单词
这两则新闻报道多次使用crash和escape，但在不同的句子中，其词
性、词义也不尽相同。
（1）请从课文中找出使用crash的句子，指出它们的词性并背
诵句子。
①
There were loud crashes of glass breaking and things falling
to the ground， but the students remained still and waited calmly
and quietly.（名词）
②
（2）请从课文中找出使用escape的句子，指出它们的词性并背诵
句子。
①
②
③
The beach was rapidly cleared of people， just before the
huge waves crashed into the coast.（动词）
On 17 March， 476 students and 36 teachers at Falmont
Primary School escaped an earthquake that hit the county at 2：
27 p.m.（动词）
The moment the shaking stopped， Miss Brown sensed it
was the best time for the class to make their escape.（名词）
A 10-year-old girl， Sabrina Andron， helped around 100
people escape danger with her knowledge of tsunamis.（动词）
2. 美句欣赏——赏佳句，品用法
（1）明喻是通常用比喻词对两个不同的事物进行比较的一种常见
的比喻类型，明喻直接表明本体和喻体的相似之处，喻体和
本体的相似之处都是拥有“包容”的特点。常用的明喻标志
词有 like、 as、 seem、 as ...as、 as if、 as though、 similar
to等。
请从课文中找出一处使用明喻的句子。
“The water was like the bubbles on the top of a beer，” she
later explained.
（2）场景描写：在描述场景时，使用视觉和听觉进行细节描述，
能让读者有身临其境之感。
请从课文中找出一处场景描写的句子。
People were walking， running or simply sitting on the sandy
beach， enjoying the warm sea air and the soft wind that brushed
their hair.
核心知识·巧突破
探究课堂重点
3
Part Ⅰ 核心词汇集释
injure vt.伤害，使受伤；损害
【教材原句】 Only 5 students suffered slight injuries， despite the
current figures of 7 killed and over 200 injured in the disaster area at
large.
尽管目前整个灾区的伤亡数字是7人死亡，200多人受伤，但（在这所
学校）只有5名学生受了轻伤。
【用法】
（1）injure one’s pride/feelings 伤害某人的自尊/情感
（2）injured adj. 受伤的，有伤的
be/get badly/seriously injured 严重受伤
the injured 受伤的人；伤员
（3）injury n. 伤；伤害；损伤
do an injury to sb＝do sb an injury伤害某人
【佳句】 Two-thirds of them died or were injured during the
earthquake.
他们中三分之二的人在地震中死去或受伤。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①Don’t do that.You will do yourself an （injure）.
②If you try to lift that heavy suitcase， you will do an injury
yourself.
③The （injure） were taken to the nearest hospital during the
big fire.
④Because she （injure） badly， she cannot go
climbing with us as planned.
injury
to
injured
was injured
【写美】 用非谓语动词升级句④
⑤ ， she cannot go climbing with us as planned.
Injured badly
reaction n.反应，回应；抗拒；化学反应
【教材原句】 Her students’ reaction was quick and correct—they
moved under their desks， head first， and held on to the legs of the
desks.
她的学生们反应迅速、正确——他们头朝里，爬到课桌下面，并紧紧
抓住桌腿。
【用法】
（1）reaction to 对……的反应
（2）react vi.（对……）起反应；回应；（对食物等）有不良反应
react to 对……作出反应/回应
react on/upon 对……有影响
react with 与……发生化学反应
react against 反对；反抗
【佳句】 It’s your choice how you live your life — you choose how
you react to situations and how people will affect your mood.
如何过你的生活是你的选择——你来选择你如何对情况作出反应以及
人们将如何影响你的心情。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①Iron reacts water and air to produce rust.
②This produced a chain （react）， which made it possible
for life to develop.
③Children sometimes react the things their parents believe
in， which can bother the parents much.
with
reaction
against
【写美】 一句多译
④你认为他会对你的建议作何反应？
→How do you think ？（react）
→What do you think ？
（reaction）
he will react to your suggestion
his reaction to your suggestion will be
signal vi.& vt.发信号，示意；标志 n.信号，暗号；标志；信号灯
【教材原句】 She signalled to her students to exit the classroom in an
orderly line covering their heads with their hands.
她示意学生们抱着头，排好队，有序离开教室。
【用法】
（1）signal （to） sb to do sth 示意某人做某事
signal sth to sb 向某人示意某事
signal （sb） that ... 示意（某人）……
（2）traffic signals 交通信号灯
a danger/warning signal 危险/警告信号
【佳句】 He signalled widely for help， but nobody noticed.
他拼命地发信号求助，但是没有人注意到。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①As soon as he sat down at the table， he signalled to the waiter
（bring） the menu.
to
bring
【写美】 完成句子
②In order not to be heard， she pointed her finger upwards to
.
为了不让别人听见，她向上伸出手指示意有人在楼上走动。
signal
that someone was moving about upstairs
confirm vt.证实，确认；使确信；批准
【教材原句】 After a roll call confirmed that all were safe and sound，
they relaxed， laughing， crying and hugging each other.
点名确认所有人都安然无恙后，他们才放松下来，笑啊，哭啊，互相
拥抱着。
【用法】
（1）confirm that ... 证实……；确定……
confirm sb in sth 使某人确信某事
confirm one’s belief/determination 坚定某人的信念/决心
It has been confirmed that ... 已经确定……
（2）confirmation n. 证实；确认书；证明书
【佳句】 His new role could confirm him as one of the leading actors.
他的新角色会确保他跻身一流演员之列。
【练透】 单句语法填空/完成句子
①It has confirmed me my decision not to give up my studies.
②We are still awaiting （confirm） of the exact
number of people injured.
③His support .
他的支持坚定了我的决心。
in
confirmation
confirmed my determination
【写美】 翻译句子
④已经确定会议将于下周召开。
It has been confirmed that the meeting will take place next week.
occur vi.（occurred， occurred； occurring）发生，出现；存在于
【教材原句】 It immediately occurred to her that these were signs of
an approaching tsunami.
她立刻意识到这些是海啸来临的征兆。
【用法】
occur to 被想到，浮现在脑中
sth occurs to sb 某人突然想起某事
It occurs to/strikes/hits sb that ... 某人突然想起……
It occurs to sb to do sth 某人突然想起做某事
【佳句】 There were all sorts of disasters that used to occur on the way
to and from work.
过去，在上下班的路上经常发生各种各样的悲剧。
【点津】 occur 没有被动语态，不用于进行时。occur作谓语时，主
语不能是人。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①With an idea occurring me， I stepped to my brother.
②He was unconscious and as I looked at his face，
something （occur） to me.
③It didn’t occur to her （ask） for help.
to
occurred
to ask
【写美】 完成句子
④ she should adopt the homeless
child.
她突然想到她应该收养这个无家可归的孩子。
It occurred to/struck/hit her that
relief n.宽慰，轻松；减轻，消除；救济
【教材原句】 To her great relief， the officer immediately realized the
coming danger.
使她大为宽慰的是，这名安全员立即意识到了即将到来的危险。
【用法】
（1）to one’s （great） relief使某人（深感）宽慰的是
with relief 如释重负；松了口气
sigh with relief 松了口气
disaster relief 赈灾物质
It is a relief to do sth 做某事是令人欣慰的
breathe a sigh of relief 如释重负地松了口气
What a relief！ 可轻松了！
（2）relieve vt. 减轻；缓解；消除；救济
relieve sb of sth 缓解/减轻某人的（痛苦、负担等）；解除……的职务
（3）relieved adj. 感到欣慰的
【佳句】 It was a relief to be able to talk to your parents about what
your trouble was.
能和父母谈谈你的烦恼是一种解脱。
【练透】 单句语法填空/完成句子
①He watched with （relieve） as the girl nodded.
②The officer involved （relieve） of his duties because
he had violated strict guidelines.
③ ， the children all arrived home safely.
使我们大为宽慰的是，孩子们都安全到家了。
④Behind me I could hear other girls
.
我能听到身后其他几个女孩都如释重负地松了口气。
relief
was relieved
To our great relief
sigh with relief/breathe a sigh of
relief
【写美】 完成句子
His children all found a good job， .
（relieved）
使他感到宽慰的是，他的孩子都找到了好的工作。
which made him relieved
inform vt.了解，熟悉；通知
【教材原句】 Remember to inform yourself of what is going on.
记得要了解事态的进展。
【用法】
（1）inform sb of/about sth 告知某人某事
inform sb that/where/how ... 通知某人……
keep sb informed of sth 使某人随时了解某事
（2）information n.[U]信息；资料
a piece of information 一则消息
【佳句】 We will inform you in writing if your application has been
successful.
如果你的申请获得成功，我们将以书面形式通知你。
Keep me informed of any developments.
随时通知我进展情况。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①The boss asked his secretary to keep him well （inform）
of the programme’s progress.
②Besides， they often get some useful （inform） from
the Internet.
③He later informed me I was “not athletic”.
informed
information
that
【写美】 完成句子
④I’m more than delighted that a
short English film will be shown this weekend.
我非常高兴地告诉你这则好消息：本周末将放映一部英语短片。
to inform you of the good news
Part Ⅱ 重点句型解构
句型公式：be doing ...when ...正在做……，这时（突然）……
【教材原句】 Alice Brown， head teacher at Falmont Primary
School， was teaching when the floor began to shake.
弗尔蒙特小学校长艾丽斯·布朗当时正在授课，突然地面开始晃动。
【用法】
正要做……，这时……
（2）had （just） done ...when ...
刚做完……，这时……
（3）hardly ...when ... 正要做……；这时……
注意：上述句型中，when用作并列连词，相当于and at this/that
time。
【品悟】 He had （just） finished his homework when his mother
asked him to play the piano.
他刚做完作业，这时妈妈要求他弹钢琴。
【写美】 完成句子/一句多译
①I I suddenly saw an old man
knocked down by a car.
我正走在街上，突然看到一位老人被一辆汽车撞倒了。
②I he called me.
我刚要入睡，他就打电话给我。
③我正要出发，这时开始下起大雨来了。
→I it began to rain heavily.
→I it began to rain heavily.
was walking on the street when
had hardly fallen asleep when
was about to set out when
was on the point of setting out when
句型公式：in case引导目的状语从句
【教材原句】 At the same time， Miss Brown quickly opened the
classroom door， in case it became damaged during the shaking and could
not open.
与此同时，布朗女士立刻打开教室门，以防门在震动中损坏打不开。
【用法】
（1）in case常见的三种用法：
①用作连词，引导目的状语从句，意为“以防（发生某事）”；
②用作连词，引导条件状语从句，意为“如果，假使”；
③起副词作用，在句中作状语，可单独使用，意为“以防万一”。
（2）in case of 如果，假使（发生某事）
in any case 无论如何，不管怎样
in this/that case 如果是这样/那样的话；在这种/那种情况下
as is often the case 这是常有的事
in no case 决不（置于句首时，句子用部分倒装）
【品悟】 In case he arrives before I get back， please ask him to wait.
如果我回来前他就到了，请叫他等我。
I’m sure Henry will remember the time of the meeting， but why not
give him a ring in case？我确信亨利会记得会议时间，但以防万一，为
什么不给他打个电话呢？
【写美】 完成句子/句式升级
①You had better take an umbrella with you .
你最好带把伞，以防下雨。
② ， here’s my telephone number.
万一你需要帮助的话，这是我的电话号码。
in case it rains
In case you should need any help
③He was late for school this morning， .
他今天上午上学迟到了，这是常有的事。
④ fire， ring the alarm bell.
如遇火警，即按警铃。
as is often the case
In case of
⑤We should in no case do anything that goes against the law.
→ do anything that goes against the law.（部分
倒装）
In no case should we
课时检测·提能力
培育学科素养
4
维度一：品句填词
根据所给单词的首字母或汉语提示，写出单词的正确形式。
1. With his legs injured， he found it difficult to climb up the s .
2. It has been c that the World Internet Conference will take
place next week.
3. People began to wonder how long the terrible d would last.
tairs
onfirmed
isaster
4. The trapped hiker （发信号） wildly for help but
unfortunately nobody noticed.
5. Would you please （通知） me of your plan in advance，
so I can make arrangements accordingly？
6. When I was looking for the （出口）， I saw that shoes were
actually sold downstairs on the ground floor， not the first floor.
7. A small plane （坠毁） into a hillside five miles east of
the city， killing all four people on board.
signalled
inform
exit
crashed
维度二：词形转换
用所给单词的正确形式填空。
1. Most of us volunteers breathed a sigh of （relieve） when
the bus came to a stop.
2. He was surprised that his answer should have caused such a
strong （react）.
3. Two of passengers were killed and three were
（injure）.That’s how lucky you had to be.
relief
reaction
injured
4. You should keep us （inform） whenever you are in
trouble.
5. The wildfires， melting icebergs and rising sea level are all warnings
about the （destroy） impact of human activities on
the fragile ecosystem.
6. It is assumed that nature involves an （order） regulated
system.
informed
destructive
orderly
维度三：固定搭配和句式
根据汉语及括号内提示完成下列句子。
1. 杰克正在实验室里工作，这时突然停电了。（be
doing ...when ...）
Jack the power cut occurred.
2. 请留下电话号码，以防我们再次和你失去联系。（in case）
Please leave your phone number
.
was working in the lab when
in case we lose touch with you
again
3. 我们正盼望着那位专家来给我们演讲。（动词-ing形式的复合
结构）
We are looking forward to give a speech
to us.
4. 我们二十年没有见面了，但是我一见到他就认出他来了。（the
moment引导时间状语从句）
We hadn’t met each other for 20 years but I recognised him
.
the expert’s coming to
the
moment I saw him
5. 她不能把她的儿子单独留下，哪怕很短的时间。（leave＋宾语＋
宾语补足语）
She even for a short time.
6. 当我遇到麻烦时，他是唯一一个帮我很多忙的人。（the only＋名
词＋to do ...）
He was a lot when I was in trouble.
couldn’t leave her son alone
the only one to help me
7. 当我正要回家的时候，我突然想到要去参加一个会议。（occur
to）
I had a meeting to attend when I was about
to go home.
It occurred to me that
维度四：课文语法填空
阅读课文内容，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确
形式。
Several examples told us that it is important to grasp necessary
knowledge about disaster prevention.
Alice Brown was teaching 1. the floor began to shake.Her
students’ 2. （react） was quick and correct.At 3.
same time， Miss Brown quickly opened the classroom door， in case it
4. （damage） during the shaking.The moment the
shaking stopped， Miss Brown signalled to her students 5.
（exit） the classroom in an 6. （order） line.All of them
were safe and sound.
when
reaction
the
was damaged
to exit
orderly
Sabrina Andron helped many people escape danger 7. her
knowledge of tsunamis.She noticed something odd while 8.
（walk） along Goldshore Beach.It 9. （occur） to her that
these were signs of an approaching tsunami.Her parents told this to a
safety officer， who 10. （immediate） realized the
coming danger.The beach was cleared of people just before the huge
waves crashed into the coast.
with
walking
occurred
immediately
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
（2024·江苏徐州高一期中）Earthquake forecasting is one of the
most ancient skills known to mankind.From ancient Greece to the present
day， countless scientists have tried to develop tools to predict
earthquakes.Their attempts usually focused on searching for reliable
forerunners of forthcoming quakes.
However， there are many reasons why predicting quakes is so
hard.“We don’t understand some basic physics of earthquakes，” said
Egill， a research professor at the California Institute of Technology.
Scientists have also attempted to create mathematical models of movement， but precisely predicting earthquakes would require great mapping and analysis of the Earth’s crust.Other challenges include a lack of data on the early warning signs， given that these warning signs are not yet entirely understood.Actually， real earthquake prediction is very similar to the diagnosis of potential human illnesses based on observing and analyzing each patient’s signs and symptoms.As it turns out， quake prediction is extremely difficult.
Many sources show that earthquake forecasting was a recognized
science in ancient Greece.Ancient Greeks lived very close to nature and
were able to detect unusual phenomena and forecast earthquakes.The first
known forecast was made by Pherecydes of Syros about 2，500 years
ago： He made it as he scooped water from a well and noticed that usually
very clean water had suddenly become muddy.Indeed， an earthquake
occurred two days later， making Pherecydes famous.Nowadays，
seismic （地震的） and remote-sensing methods are considered to have
the greatest potential in terms of solving the earthquake prediction
problem.
Currently， Terra Seismic， an earthquake forecasting company，
can identify a forthcoming earthquake with a high level of confidence.
Generally， Terra Seismic does not promise to predict a quake if the earthquake’s epicentre is located beyond a depth of 40km.Fortunately， such quakes are almost always harmless， since the quake’s energy reduces before reaching the Earth’s surface.“Scientists have tried every possible method to try to predict earthquakes，” Bruneau， an expert in earthquake engineering， said.“Nobody has been able to crack it and make a believable prediction.”
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。地震预测是一种古老的技能。文章
介绍了地震预测困难的原因以及地震预测的历史和方法等。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。地震预测是一种古老的技能。文章
介绍了地震预测困难的原因以及地震预测的历史和方法等。
1. Why is earthquake forecasting so difficult？（ ）
A. Some basic physics of earthquakes is unknown.
B. Data on the early warning signs are not fully understood.
C. Mapping and analysis of the Earth’s crust are impossible.
D. It is the same as the diagnosis of human illnesses.
解析： 细节理解题。根据第二段第一句以及Egill所说的话可
知，地震预测如此困难有很多原因，人们对地震的一些基本物理原
理尚不清楚是其中之一。
2. Why does the author give the example of Pherecydes？（ ）
A. To explain why Pherecydes was famous.
B. To explain ancient Greeks lived very close to nature.
C. To show earthquake forecasting is a science with a long history.
D. To show remote-sensing methods are the best solution to earthquake
prediction.
解析： 推理判断题。根据第三段内容可知，许多资料显示，地
震预测在古希腊是一门公认的科学，作者举费雷西德斯的例子是为
了表明地震预测是一门历史悠久的科学。
3. What does Bruneau mean in Paragraph 4？（ ）
A. Terra Seismic can predict an earthquake.
B. Scientists have methods of predicting earthquakes.
C. Some quakes are harmless if the quake’s energy is released.
D. Scientists have no reliable way to predict an earthquake.
解析： 推理判断题。根据最后一段中Bruneau所说的话可知，
科学家们已经尝试了所有可能的方法来预测地震，但没有人能够作
出可信的预测。由此推断，在第四段中布鲁诺的意思是科学家没有
可靠的方法来预测地震。
4. What is the main idea of the passage？（ ）
A. The reasons for earthquake forecasting.
B. The history of earthquake forecasting.
C. The methods of earthquake forecasting.
D. The future of earthquake forecasting.
解析： 主旨大意题。根据文章中心段，即第一段内容可知，地
震预测是人类已知的最古老的技能之一；结合下文可知，本文主要
介绍了地震预测的方法，包括地震预测困难的原因等。
B
Rivers are very important.Humans rely on them for food and
water.But rivers can destroy things， too.They can flood， or rise over
their banks， making the water run into the nearby land.Floods can also
kill humans and wildlife.However， floods are not always bad.Some
ecosystems need them every once in a while.
Flooding can not only drown animals but also destroy habitats.For
example， a flood in India in 2012 killed many one-horned
rhinos.Floodwaters can pick up dirt from riverbanks， which makes the
water dirty.Too much dirt will clog rivers and streams， preventing the
river from flowing.Sometimes floodwaters can carry pollution to the sea
and harm marine life.In addition， floodwaters can carry disease，
including hepatitis A and cholera.
However， not everything about floods is bad.Sometimes they bring
new life to ecosystems.Floodwaters carry nutrients to the nearby
land.Over time， the water dries up and leaves behind particles （微粒）
of dirt and mud.The particles are called sediment （沉淀物） which can
be good due to its ability to improve the dirt and help plants grow.Floods
are important to some animals as well.For instance， some animals see
floods as a sign that it is time to mate or migrate.Floods leave sediment on
river beds where baby fish can grow and carry nutrients for small animals
in the water to eat.Moreover， in dry seasons， water might dry up， but
floods help refill the wetlands， keeping the ecosystem going.
Floods are a part of nature.They can destroy living things and the
environment.But some ecosystems need floods to survive.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。洪水作为大自然的一部分，对生态
系统既有坏处也有好处。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。洪水作为大自然的一部分，对生态
系统既有坏处也有好处。
5. What’s the possible meaning of the underlined word “clog” in
Paragraph 2？（ ）
A. Become. B. Pollute.
C. Block. D. Develop.
解析： 词义猜测题。根据第二段中Floodwaters can pick up dirt
from riverbanks， which makes the water dirty.以及画线词后的
preventing the river from flowing可知，洪水会沿途吸收泥土，而太
多的泥土会堵塞河道，使河水无法流淌。由此可推测，画线词clog
意为“堵塞”，与block意思相近。
6. How do floods help ecosystems？（ ）
A. Nutrients carried by floods can make soil richer.
B. Floods make all the animals migrate more easily.
C. Tiny fish going with floods feed some animals.
D. Floods can improve the dirt and help plants grow.
解析： 细节理解题。根据第三段第三至五句可知，洪水沿途所
携带的营养物质可以使土壤更丰富，从而更好地改善生态系统。
7. What’s the main idea of Paragraph 3？（ ）
A. The way in which floods feed animals.
B. The benefits of floods to ecosystems.
C. An effective means of improving soil.
D. The reason for people’s appreciating floods.
解析： 段落大意题。根据第三段主旨句However， not
everything about floods is bad.Sometimes they bring new life to
ecosystems.可知，第三段主要讲的是洪水对生态系统的好处。
8. What’s the best title for this article？（ ）
A. Many Effects of Flooding
B. The Secret of Flooding
C. Floods： Everything Is So Bad
D. Floods： A Part of Nature
解析： 标题归纳题。文章前两段主要讲洪水对生态系统不利的
方面，第三段主要讲洪水对生态系统的益处，最后一段总结全文，
点明主题——洪水是大自然的一部分。因此，D项（洪水：大自然
的一部分）为文章最佳标题。
C
For many of the servicemen and women who’ve bravely served in
war zones， leaving the horrors of the battlefield behind isn’t as simple
as just hanging up their uniforms when they get home.
Post-traumatic stress disorder （PTSD） includes a wide range of
symptoms （症状）.When Tyler Skluzacek， son of military veteran
（老兵） Patrick Skluzacek saw his father’s life unravel as the result of
repeated disabling nightmares， he knew he had to do something about it.
In 2015， when Tyler， then a senior at Macalester College，
learned of an upcoming computer programming “hackathon” event in
Washington， DC focused on developing apps to help people like his
dad， he was determined to participate.
Tyler and his team came up with the “anti-night-terror” smartwatch
app’s model.The program identifies night-time disturbances by
monitoring the wearer’s heart rate and movements.Before the nightmare
can take hold， the app delivers a gentle intervention （similar to a
comforting touch） to reset the wearer’s sleep pattern.
Adjusting the correct vibration （振动） level for the watch proved
to be a challenge.It had to deliver “just enough stimulus （刺激） to pull
them out of the deep REM cycle and allow the sleep to continue
unaffected，” Tyler told NPR.
With his dad serving as a volunteer guinea pig， Tyler continued to
improve his creation until it was pretty much perfect.Once the problems
were worked out and the app was performing as intended， both father and
son were floored by the immediate difference it made in Patrick’s
life.“It was night and day when I put that watch on and it started
working，” Patrick said.The vibrations worked like “little miracles”.
Tyler， now a graduate student in computer science at the University
of Chicago， realized the potential for the “little miracles” he’d
created to help other PTSD sufferers.To put his life-changing app into
widespread distribution， he sold the rights to an investor.
The technology （marketed under the brand name NightWare）
should be accessible with a doctor’s recommendation — transforming
nightmares into sweeter dreams and bringing hard-earned rest to deserving
military veterans everywhere — in the near future.
语篇解读：本文是一篇新闻报道。在校大学生发明了可以改善睡眠
质量的APP，来帮助PTSD患者。
语篇解读：本文是一篇新闻报道。在校大学生发明了可以改善睡眠
质量的APP，来帮助PTSD患者。
9. What does the underlined word “unravel” in Paragraph 2 mean？
（ ）
A. Continue.
B. Collapse.
C. Take a different direction.
D. Become more complicated.
解析： 词义猜测题。根据画线词后的as the result of repeated
disabling nightmares， he knew he had to do something about it以及下
文内容可知，Tyler的父亲睡眠不好，这导致他的生活变得混乱、
崩溃。故画线词unravel与collapse意思相近。
10. How does the smartwatch app help its users？（ ）
A. By making them sleep well.
B. By driving them to exercise regularly.
C. By helping them forget terrible experiences.
D. By reporting their health conditions to doctors.
解析： 细节理解题。根据第四段第一句和最后一句以及第五
段中It ...allow the sleep to continue unaffected可知，smartwatch
app帮助使用者有一个好的睡眠。
11. What contribution did Patrick make when Tyler developed the app？
（ ）
A. Convincing other veterans to participate in the research.
B. Assisting in recording and analyzing research data.
C. Providing financial support.
D. Serving as a test subject.
解析： 推理判断题。根据第六段可知，在开发和测试这个应
用程序时，Patrick担任了一个测试对象的角色。
12. What can we expect of Tyler’s invention in the future？（ ）
A. It’ll reach consumers soon.
B. It’ll be sold at a low price.
C. It’ll be donated to PTSD patients.
D. It’ll take the place of traditional watches.
解析： 细节理解题。根据最后一段内容可知，Tyler发明的应
用技术将可以通过处方获得，很快会被投入市场。
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
A debris flow （泥石流） is a kind of destructive geological
disaster.July to August is the most frequent period of debris flows in
China.13.（ ）， it can increase the probability of survival in an
emergency.
Don’t overlook your surroundings while hiking.Pay attention to the
surrounding environment and pay special attention to whether you hear
thunder-like sound from the valley in the distance.If you hear it， you
should raise the alarm.14.（ ）.
Don’t panic and escape in the direction of a debris flow.When
meeting with a debris flow， stay calm.15.（ ）.If the path is
perpendicular （垂直的） to the direction of the debris flow， climb to
the hillside on both sides.The higher the better and the faster the better.It
is absolutely not allowed to go downstream of the debris flow.
16. （ ）.When travelling by car meeting a debris flow， you
should abandon the car and run away.If you hide in the car， it is easy to
be buried in the car.In that case， you are at great risk.
Don’t think it’s safer in the area where the debris flow just
happened.Sometimes the debris flow will happen intermittently （间歇
地）.17.（ ）， you must be careful of another one on the
road.You’d better take another way to find a safe route.
A. Don’t try to stay in your car
B. It is likely to be a sign of a debris flow
C. Try to determine the safe path to escape
D. Don’t drive a car for a trip in the mountain
E. Stay calm and look at the map on your phone
F. If you know some emergency knowledge about a debris flow
G. If you are walking through the area where the debris flow just
happened
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。有时候我们可能会遇到泥石流，这
时候我们该怎么做呢？文章给出了一些建议。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。有时候我们可能会遇到泥石流，这
时候我们该怎么做呢？文章给出了一些建议。
13. F 根据空后的it can increase the probability of survival in an
emergency及下文的叙述可知，F项（如果你了解一些紧急应对泥石流
的知识）符合语境。
14. B 空前两句介绍，如果听见像雷的声音要提高警惕。B项（那很
可能是泥石流即将到来的迹象）解释要提高警惕的原因，符合语境。
B项中的It指代上文的thunder-like sound。
15. C 根据空后内容可知，此处是介绍遭遇泥石流时的逃跑路径。C
项（尽可能确定安全的逃生路径）引起下文，符合语境。
16. A 根据空后内容，尤其是you should abandon the car and run
away.If you hide in the car， it is easy to be buried in the car.可知，A项
（不要试图待在车里）适合作为本段的中心句。
17. G 根据本段首句Don’t think it’s safer in the area where
the debris flow just happened.及后半句you must be careful of
another one on the road可知，G项（如果你正走过刚刚发生泥石流
的地区）符合语境。(共91张PPT)
Section Ⅲ Integrated skills
续写一篇关于洪灾的故事
1
写作指导·增底蕴
目 录
2
典例体验 · 提素能
4
课时检测·提能力
3
核心知识·巧突破
写作指导·增底蕴
储备写作素材
1
本单元写作任务是续写一篇关于洪灾的故事，属于叙事类记叙
文。叙事类记叙文以叙述事件为主，着重描述事件发生的时间、地
点、人物、起因、经过和结果，通过叙述一件事来说明一个道理或表
达一种思想感情，或给读者一种启迪。
读后续写是一种将阅读与写作紧密结合起来进行考查的新题型。
读后续写具有如下特点：一是续写不是随心所欲的，要根据所给材料
及段落开头语完成续写部分；二是读后续写所给的材料多为记叙文，
情节曲折且逻辑性比较强；三是读后续写要求读写并重，也就是要读
透所给材料，对文章线索做到精确理解，这样才能使续写内容不偏离
主题；四是续写部分的思路和内容并不是唯一的，学生可以根据自己
对文章的理解，对文章的结尾作不同的诠释。
续写时要注意以下几点：
1. 精读所给语言材料，真正读懂原文，熟悉故事脉络，明确文章的主
旨大意。
2. 寻找原文内容与续写首句之间的内在联系，站在作者的角度设计情
节，想象要合理，情节要连贯。
3. 续写情节一般为故事的高潮或结局，是原作者声音的延续，因此，
要尽量符合原作者的思路，并求得与读者的心理共鸣。
4. 设计的结局要尽量完美，即所续写内容要积极、健康，把事物美好
的一面展现给读者。
5. 利用已有的知识经验，在延续原作的风格和语言的基础之上，准
确、地道地表达，同时提高关联词与过渡语的使用率，增强整句的
表现力。
一、写作常用词汇
1. nervous adj. 紧张不安的
2. rescue n.& vt. 营救，救援
3. comfort vt. 安慰
4. rain non-stop 雨下个不停
5. in panic 恐慌地
6. flood in 涌入
7. be trapped in 困于……之中
8. at a loss 不知所措
9. keep one’s head 保持头脑清醒
10. force the door open 撞开门
11. rush out 冲出去
12. disaster supplies 赈灾物资
13. in ruins 严重受损；破败不堪
14. a first-aid kit 一套急救用品
15. stay/keep calm 保持冷静
16. call an emergency 打紧急电话
17. in shock 震惊；吃惊
18. sweep away 消灭；彻底消除
二、写作常用句式（注意加蓝部分的表达）
（一）人物对话描写
“Mum， Dad，” said Mary suddenly， “I think we should leave
here right away！”
“No，” said Dad.“It’s too late！ The radio says the city has
already been flooded.”
“We can drive our car through the floodwater！ Let’s just leave！
I’m really scared！” cried Mary.
“We can’t do that， honey，” explained Mum， “otherwise
the moving water could wash the car away！”
“Don’t open the door！” shouted Mum and Dad at the same
time.“The water may flood in！”
“Mary， don’t worry.Everything’s going to be OK，” she said
softly， trying her best to comfort Mary.
（二）场景描写
1. It had been raining non-stop for three days.
2. The wind roared and the rain beat on the roof and windows.
3. The sudden silence in the house seemed to make the wind and rain
more frightening outside.
（三）动作描写
1. Mary was looking through the windows at the endless rain outside.
2. Dad was listening to a weather report on the radio， while Mum was
putting their important documents and disaster supplies into a bag.
3. Mary walked to the door.She was curious to see how much water there
was outside.
4. Dad moved the dinner table against the door， in case the floodwater
forced the door open.
5. Mum waved to Mary to sit on the sofa.
6. Without saying a single word， Dad walked to the sofa， sat down
and hugged his wife and daughter.
典例体验 · 提素能
点拨写作技法
2
课文Caught in a flood讲述了一个家庭遭遇洪水的故事，请阅读课
文，根据文中所给信息续写这个故事，使之构成一篇完整的短文。续
写词数应为150左右。
第一步：泛读，把握文章要素
第二步：精读，理清故事线索
1. 情节发展线
2. 情感变化线
第三步：构思，推测续写情节
1. 先根据文中已知信息，预测结果
“Mum， Dad，” said Mary suddenly， “I think we should leave
here right away！” “No，” said Dad.“It’s too late！ The radio
says the city has already been flooded.”...“We can’t do that，
honey，” explained Mum， “otherwise the moving water could
wash the car away！”
结果：Mary and her family will waiting for rescue.
stay at home
2. 后根据文本发展线索，推断细节
What safety tips can be used to protect themselves？ Will there be any
emotional changes？
（1）根据文章第一段的Mary and her parents were ①
in the living room； Mum was putting ②
into a bag.可勾勒出下面续
写部分的一些细节。
续写：到楼上之后，他们松了一口气。楼下洪水已经涌进了
整个起居室。他们都很紧张。幸运的是，他们有足够的食物
和水。
downstairs
their important
documents and disaster supplies
（2）根据文章中的Dad was listening to a weather report ①
； The radio says the city has already been flooded；
“Mary， don’t worry.Everything’s going to be OK，” she
said softly， trying her best to ② Mary； Dad
walked to the sofa， sat down and ③ his wife and
daughter.可勾勒出下面续写部分的一些细节。
续写：爸爸安慰、鼓励她们。后来他们从收音机中得知政府
正在组织救援队乘船来营救困在家里的人们。想到即将得
救，他们激动不已。
on the
radio
comfort
hugged
第四步：续写，优化润色成文
续写时，要正确利用对话、场景和动作。遵循与原有的语言风格
保持一致的原则。
After a brief discussion， Mum and Dad decided they should stay
in the house.They thought it would be really dangerous to try to walk
through the water to get to higher ground.
“Mary， we’ll have to go upstairs and wait there，” said
Mum.
“OK， Mum.If that’s what you think is best，” Mary replied
uncertainly.
So they went upstairs and waited.Downstairs， water started
flooding into the living room and kitchen.All three of them were
nervous， but at least they had enough supplies， including food and
drinking water.
Finally， the rain stopped， but Mary and her family could not
leave while the house was still flooded.They listened to the radio and
learnt that rescue workers in boats were coming to rescue people who were
trapped in their homes.They waited for a boat to arrive at their
house.Their home had been badly damaged， but they were all happy to
be alive.
【即时演练】
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构
成一篇完整的短文。
My best friend Lily and I met in high school.Ever since then， we
had spent New Year’s Eve together.We’d watch the New Year’s
celebration in Times Square together on TV， a world-renowned tradition
for millions to welcome the new year.Every year， thousands of people
will gather in Times Square in New York in person on New Year’s Eve
counting down to the new year， with celebrations and performances after
midnight.And we’d always say that one day we should go there ourselves.
Then we both went to college.Struggling through exams and
schoolwork， we had little time to meet up.We missed each other terribly
and decided it was time to finally go to New York ourselves， to be
present at the New Year’s celebration， and to do something fun together.
We worked out our schedule， bought tickets for everything and，
most importantly， planned how to survive the long hours of waiting in the
biting cold before the celebration—we wanted the best spot possible， and
there’s only so much space， so we had no choice but to get to the Times
Square early.
When the big day finally arrived， it became snowy and colder than
any cold we had ever experienced.Actually it was one of the coldest New
Year’s Eves on record.Everyone thought we were going to back out.
But we didn’t.We didn’t make it that far to back out.
We woke up and set off early.And， of course， we did freeze along
the way， but we kept cheering each other up.Once we got there， we
found our way to the line pretty quickly， considering everyone else was
pushing their way in the same direction.We got in line and waited to
finally get into our area in the Times Square， which thankfully was pretty
spacious and close to the stage.
注意：1.续写词数应为150左右；
2. 请按如下格式作答。
Halfway through the day， my friend and I couldn’t feel our toes.
“Three， two， one.Happy New Year！” we screamed the words as loud as possible.
参考范文：
Halfway through the day， my friend and I couldn’t feel our
toes.The icy wind started howling， cutting my face like a sharp
knife.We sat down on the ground in Times Square， took off each
other’s shoes， and shoved in some hand-warmers.We ate cheese sticks
covered in turkey， jumped up and down， and did pretty much anything
we could think of to stay warm.The temperature kept dropping， but our
spirits never did， at least not enough to make us actually want to
leave.We joked and laughed， waiting for the magic moment.
“Three， two， one.Happy New Year！” we screamed the words
as loud as possible.The clock struck midnight！ Before we knew it，
performers were singing， and we were singing along excitedly.With the
crowd cheering in a loud collective voice， we finally understood what it
felt like to be present at the celebration in person， in such a state of joy，
with tens of thousands of people from all over the world.Lily leaned on
my shoulder with happiness on her face.Whatever exhaustion and cold
we’d previously felt was forgotten， and we knew we had done
something amazing together.
核心知识·巧突破
探究课堂重点
3
otherwise adv.否则，不然；除此以外
【教材原句】 “We can’t do that， honey，” explained Mum，
“otherwise the moving water could wash the car away！”“亲爱的，
我们不能那样做，”妈妈解释道，“否则流动的水会把车冲走的！”
【用法】
（1）otherwise＝or/or else 否则，不然
常用句型：祈使句＋otherwise＋陈述句
（2）otherwise＝in the other way/in a different way 以其他方式；另；亦
（3）otherwise作副词时，有时表示一种含蓄的虚拟条件，此时其后
的句子用虚拟语气
（4）or otherwise 或其他情况；或相反
【佳句】 You have to go now， otherwise you’ll miss your bus.你现
在就得走，要不然就赶不上公共汽车了。
I’ve got a cold — otherwise I would love to see the film with you.
我感冒了——否则我会很乐意和你一起去看电影。
【练透】 语境辨义/完成句子
①We must hurry， otherwise we’ll miss the train.
②There was some music playing upstairs.Otherwise the house was silent.
③Thanks for your suggestion， otherwise I to solve this problem.
谢谢你的建议，要不然我不会顺利地解决这个问题。
否则，不然
除此以外
wouldn’t have managed
【写美】 句型转换
④If you don’t seize the chance， you will regret it.
→ （otherwise）
Seize the chance， otherwise you will regret it.
curious adj.好奇的；奇特的
【教材原句】 She was curious to see how much water there was
outside.
她好奇地想看看外面有多少水。
【用法】
（1）be curious about 对……感到好奇
be curious to do sth 渴望做某事
it is curious that ... 不寻常的是……
（2）curiosity n. 好奇；好奇心
with curiosity 好奇地
out of curiosity 出于好奇
meet/satisfy one’s curiosity 满足某人的好奇心
（3）curiously adv. 好奇地；奇怪的是
【佳句】 In high school， I was curious about the computer and built
my first website.
中学时，我对电脑很好奇，并建立了我的第一个网站。
It is good to be curious about the world around you because curiosity is
the best teacher.
对你周围的世界感到好奇是件好事，因为好奇是最好的老师。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①Liz picked up the blue envelope and turned it over
（curious）.
②The little girl looked at me with （curious）.
③People gathered round， curious （know） what was
happening in the distance.
curiously
curiosity
to know
【写美】 根据汉语提示完成句子
④ （对一切感到好奇）， we walked
about in the school.
⑤ （出于好奇）， the girl can’t wait to open the
envelope.
Curious about everything
Out of curiosity
课时检测·提能力
培育学科素养
4
维度一：品句填词
根据所给单词的首字母或汉语提示，写出单词的正确形式。
1. She rushed d and burst into the kitchen.
2. He didn’t work hard at English， o he wouldn’t find it
difficult to learn now.
3. C ， she opened it and saw a bottle of perfume， half filled.
4. The farm and surrounding area were （淹没）.
ownstairs
therwise
urious
flooded
5. Add more （蜂蜜） if you have a sweet tooth.
6. The foreign ministers of the two countries signed the
（文件） today.
honey
documents
维度二：词形转换
用所给单词的正确形式填空。
1. The letter wasn’t addressed to me but I opened it out of
（curious）.
2. To our great relief， donations began （flood） in from
hundreds of people.
3. Causes of the disease have been well （document）.
curiosity
flooding
documented
维度三：固定搭配和句式
根据汉语提示完成下列句子。
1. Telephone calls from all over the country.
全国各地的电话像潮水般打来。
2. She showered， dressed herself and .
她冲了澡，穿上衣服下楼去了。
3. Do come to school on time， .
一定要按时到校，否则你将受到惩罚。
came flooding in
went downstairs
otherwise you shall be punished
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
Somalia， Kenya， and now Ethiopia are warning of a serious
drought that affects millions of people in Eastern Africa.In Ethiopia’s
Somali area， people have seen the failures of what should have been
three straight rainy seasons.Droughts do come and go over the
years.However， the lack of rainfall has led to the driest conditions in 40
years in parts of Somalia and Ethiopia.
UNICEF is the United Nations’ children’s agency.Local Zaynab
Wali told a visiting team with UNICEF that she and her seven children had
never seen a drought like this.She said the government gave out food for
animals during the last drought five years ago.“This time， we even
don’t have enough food for our family.”
Children walk among the bodies of dead animals，which died from
lack of food and energy.Somalia Consortium works to improve
international aid for Somalia.It said in a separate statement that in
Somalia， more than 7 million people need emergency help.It is asking
international organizations to give much more to the country.
“We are just one month into the long dry season， and I have
already lost 25 goats and sheep，” Hafsa Bedel in Ethiopia’s Somali
area told UNICEF. She also lost four camels， a large desert animal， as
well.She said there was nowhere for her animals to eat.She added that
there was not enough food for her own family， including her six
children.
UNICEF thinks that more than 150，000 children in such areas of
Ethiopia have dropped out of school.They are needed to help find the
limited amount of water and help their families with other work.
One young boy was seen supporting an animal，a donkey.The
donkey was once important for carrying goods.But now， it had become
too weak to walk on its own.
语篇解读：本文是一篇新闻报道。东非地区出现严重干旱。文章对
干旱原因和给东非人民和动物所带来的巨大影响作了具体阐述。
语篇解读：本文是一篇新闻报道。东非地区出现严重干旱。文章对
干旱原因和给东非人民和动物所带来的巨大影响作了具体阐述。
1. Why did Zaynab Wali mention the last drought？（ ）
A. To show the need to protect animals.
B. To express her disappointment this time.
C. To prove the high frequency of drought.
D. To praise the government for its timely help.
解析： 推理判断题。根据第二段最后两句可知，Zaynab
Wali提到在上次的干旱中，政府甚至为动物分发食物，而在这
次干旱中她和家人的食物都短缺，言外之意是政府这次的安排
与上次相比是很不妥的。由此推断，她是想表达她对于这次干
旱政府的安排的失望。
2. What is Somalia Consortium trying to do now？（ ）
A. Get more foreign help.
B. Warn people of the risk of drought.
C. Offer more education to the children there.
D. Make clear the number of people in need.
解析： 细节理解题。根据第三段最后三句可知，索马里联合会
在努力获得更多的国外援助。
3. What does the last paragraph mainly want to tell us？（ ）
A. The seriousness of the drought.
B. The functions of animals in farming.
C. The sweet picture of the boy and the animal.
D. The importance of taking care of the weak animal.
解析： 段落大意题。根据最后一段可知，驴现在虚弱得都不能
自己走路了，更别谈运货了，结合上文可知，这是因干旱而导致动
物没有食物吃所造成的。故本段主要想告诉我们干旱的严重性。
4. Which is the most suitable title for the text？（ ）
A. Drought in Eastern Africa Leaves Animals in Danger
B. UN Officials Care for Children Affected by Drought
C. Millions Face Risk as Drought Affects Eastern Africa
D. Drought Makes People of Eastern Africa Leave Their Home
解析： 标题归纳题。根据文章第一句可知，索马里、肯尼亚和
埃塞俄比亚都警告说，东非出现严重干旱，影响数百万人，后面段
落对这次干旱的情况作了具体介绍。由此可知，本文是围绕“干旱
影响东非，使数百万人面临风险”这一话题进行阐述的。因此，C
项最适合作文章标题。
B
It was 8 June 1816 and it was early summer in Vermont， US. Yet，
a wild winter snow-storm was going on.Nearly a foot of snow covered the
fields which had been planted crops only weeks before.This storm would
kill all of the crops.At the time， people struggled to understand what had
caused the weather to change so wildly.It is only now，more than 200
years later， that scientists have finally solved the mystery.The cause of
the extreme weather was an event that took place a year earlier and 10，
000 miles away.It all started with a volcano called Mount Tambora.
Mount Tambora sits on the island of Sumbawa， a beautiful land with
rushing streams， gentle hills， and thick jungles， in Indonesia.Nobody
had any reason to think the peaceful mountain was in fact a volcano.It had
been asleep for centuries， but on 5 April 1815， Tambora woke up.
The first eruption shook the island and sent up streams of fire and
ash.But that was nothing compared with what would come five days
later， on 10 April.The volcano exploded with a huge cloud of gas， fire
and ash shot high into the sky.The day turned midnight black， but the
mountain turned red as rivers of lava （岩浆） flowed down the
mountain.
The eruption went on for more than three days，which instantly
killed at least 12，000 people living on and around Mount Tambora.Ash
and lava ruined the island’s soil and poisoned its rivers and streams.Rice
fields were destroyed.No fruits or vegetables would grow.
There were no fish to catch； almost every animal had been
killed.The eruption of Tambora in 1815 was the deadliest and most
powerful volcanic eruption in human history.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章由1816年美国佛蒙特州的夏季
暴雪为切入点，介绍了在1815年4月5日，沉睡了几个世纪的坦博拉
火山喷发了，坦博拉火山的喷发是当时人类历史上最致命、威力最
大的火山爆发。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章由1816年美国佛蒙特州的夏季
暴雪为切入点，介绍了在1815年4月5日，沉睡了几个世纪的坦博拉
火山喷发了，坦博拉火山的喷发是当时人类历史上最致命、威力最
大的火山爆发。
5. What’s the purpose of the first paragraph？（ ）
A. To lead in the topic.
B. To present an argument.
C. To introduce Vermont.
D. To explain the cause of a volcano.
解析： 目的意图题。根据第一段最后两句，并结合下文讲述的
坦博拉火山的爆发及造成的伤害可知，第一段的目的是引入话题。
6. When did Mount Tambora start erupting？（ ）
A. On 8 June 1816. B. On 13 April 1816.
C. On 5 April 1815. D. On 10 April 1815.
解析： 细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句可知，坦博拉火山开
始喷发的时间是1815年4月5日。
7. What’s the main idea of the last paragraph？（ ）
A. The process of the eruption was made up of three stages.
B. Tambora asleep for centuries woke up in the end.
C. The eruption of Tambora broke a historic record.
D. The eruption of Tambora led to a terrible disaster.
解析： 段落大意题。根据最后一段内容可知，该段主要介绍坦
博拉火山的爆发导致了一场可怕的灾难。
C
Some of the most attractive pictures to come out of the Alaska
earthquake are the photos that show slope （斜坡） failures， in which
parts of formerly solid hills caved in， tore or let loose.And if there
happened to be a road or building on top of the slopes that failed， the
result was horrible.
Slopes can fail without earthquakes， as the result of pouring rain or
weathering.But the shaking caused by a quake — particularly a large one
like what occurred near Anchorage on Friday — can either speed up the
process or create entirely new failures that wouldn’t have other-wise
happened.
Several slope failures were documented in the Anchorage area in the
hours after the earthquake on Friday， the most interesting of which was
on Vine Road southwest of Wasilla.It’s as if someone came along with a
large destroying ball and dropped it on Vine Road， which wrinkled like a
broken egg.
Scientists seemed surprised at how many slope failures occurred as a
result of the 7.0-magnitude （震级） quake.The center of the quake was
deep， at 27 miles below the surface — a key reason why the damage in
Anchorage was relatively light.Such an earthquake would be expected to
produce shaking over a large area， but probably with reasonably modest
top ground accelerations， Friday’s earthquake would certainly be felt，
but the surface of Earth wouldn’t be moving badly enough to produce
widespread landslides.
Photos from Alaska show a lot of lateral （横向的） spread， in
which the ground tears open.Whatever is on top of the ground at the place
it tears in half is also torn in half afterwards， like highways or
buildings.The buildings surrounding the spread are also at risk of damage
because of the force of the ground spreading out away from the
tear.There’s also documentation of block spread，in which part of the
ground breaks off a hill and slides away mostly perfect.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章通过照片描述了阿拉斯加地震
后的景象，包括地震对山体滑坡所造成的影响。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章通过照片描述了阿拉斯加地震
后的景象，包括地震对山体滑坡所造成的影响。
8. What do we know about slope failures？（ ）
A. They may cause earthquakes.
B. They usually happen with a road on top.
C. They always happen with earthquakes.
D. They may pull parts of the hills apart.
解析： 细节理解题。根据第一段第一句可知，山体滑坡时会造
成山体的分开。
9. What can we infer from Paragraph 2？（ ）
A. Earthquakes have a great effect on slope failures.
B. Most slope failures occur after the pouring rain.
C. Earthquakes result in slope failures immediately.
D. Slope failures occur mainly with large earthquakes.
解析： 推理判断题。根据第二段第二句可知，地震可能会加速山
体滑坡的过程或造成新的山体滑坡。由此推断，地震对山体滑坡有巨
大的影响。
10. What did the scientists think of the Alaska earthquake on Friday？
（ ）
A. It produced shaking over a large area.
B. It caused fewer slope failures than expected.
C. It wasn’t felt for its deep center.
D. It didn’t produce landslides.
解析： 推理判断题。根据第四段最后一句可知，这次地震可
以被感知到，但并没有造成地表严重移动，从而引起大范围的山
体滑坡，这个结果出乎科学家的意料。
11. In which circumstance can we find the ground slides down a hill
almost unbroken？（ ）
A. Landslides. B. Slope failures.
C. Block spread. D. Lateral spread.
解析： 细节理解题。根据最后一段最后一句可知，在块状扩
散的情况下，部分地面脱离山丘，会非常完整地滑落。
D
The European Space Agency （ESA） is working with NASA to
create a shared time system for the moon.
There hasn’t been a need for the moon to have its own time.Each
country that sent a mission （太空飞行任务） to the moon simply used
its own time system.But now， lots of lunar missions from different
countries are planned for the coming years.These missions will need to
communicate with each other.
On Earth， most countries base their times on Coordinated Universal Time （UTC）.For example， the eastern United States is five hours behind UTC. Much of Europe and Africa is one hour ahead.To keep things simple and fair， the International Space Station （ISS） also uses UTC. Using UTC on the moon is one option.Space agencies could send a UTC time signal to the moon， just like they do with the ISS.
But there are some problems with the idea.If the UTC time signal
failed， systems that depended on it could also fail.Another problem with
using UTC is that the moon’s days are very different from Earth
days.One full day on the moon lasts about 29.5 Earth days.What makes
the problem especially tricky is that moon time really is different.Gravity
affects how quickly time passes.Because the moon has about 1/6 of the
Earth’s gravity， clocks there would run faster.
One of the main reasons ESA and NASA want to decide on a moon
time isn’t just for people， but for machines.The space agencies will be
sending lots of satellites to the moon over the next few years.The goal is to
use the satellites to create a lunar GPS， so that astronauts and rovers （探
测器） can figure out where they are instantly.But for a GPS system to
work， the satellites must have very precise （精确的） timing.
语篇解读：本文是一篇新闻报道。欧洲航天局和美国航空航天局正
致力于创建一个月球共享时间系统，以方便不同国家的月球任务顺
利开展。
语篇解读：本文是一篇新闻报道。欧洲航天局和美国航空航天局正
致力于创建一个月球共享时间系统，以方便不同国家的月球任务顺
利开展。
12. Why does the moon need to have its own time？（ ）
A. To complete different lunar missions smoothly.
B. To help people know the time when on the moon.
C. To make satellites sent to the moon work well.
D. To help people explore other planets.
解析： 细节理解题。根据第二段中的But now， lots of lunar
missions from different countries are planned for the coming
years.These missions will need to communicate with each other.可
知，创建月球共享时间系统的目的是让不同国家的月球任务能顺
利地沟通交流。
13. What can we learn about UTC？（ ）
A. Italy is five hours behind UTC.
B. The clocks on the ISS are set to UTC.
C. The western US is one hour ahead of UTC.
D. Most countries use UTC while doing lunar missions.
解析： 细节理解题。根据第三段中的the International Space
Station （ISS） also uses UTC ...Space agencies could send a UTC
time signal to the moon， just like they do with the ISS. 可知，在国
际空间站（ISS）中，人们使用协调世界时（UTC）。
14. What does Paragraph 4 mainly talk about？（ ）
A. The necessity of studying gravity on the moon.
B. How a shared system on Earth is developed.
C. Why UTC may not be used on the moon.
D. The ways to improve UTC.
解析： 段落大意题。第四段中指出，在月球上使用UTC难点
有二：一是UTC信号可能会接收不成功，导致整个系统瘫痪；二
是月球上的一天与地球上的一天时间长短不同，受重力影响，月
球上的时间流逝速度比地球上的快。故本段主要说明了为何UTC
在月球上可能不可行。
15. The author mentions satellites in the last paragraph to .
（ ）
A. show the importance of lunar time
B. describe the history of lunar missions
C. discuss the future of lunar exploration
D. stress the necessity to create a lunar GPS
解析： 推理判断题。最后一段首先指出欧洲航天局和美国航
空航天局想要创建月球时间不仅是为了人，也是为了机器；随后
指出航天局未来几年会向月球发射大量人造卫星，旨在建立月球
定位系统，来帮助航天员和探测器确定位置；最后指出该定位系
统的运转需要人造卫星有非常精确的定时。由此推知，最后一段
提及人造卫星是为了表明月球时间的重要性。
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
If you have been exposed to a natural disaster （for example， a
tornado or hurricane）， it’s very important to learn ways of coping with
them and their impact.Natural disasters can be considered dangerous
events that have a high potential to place you at risk.16.（ ） Unlike
other traumatic （痛苦的） events， natural disasters can also result in
the destruction of property and financial loss， further affecting your stress
levels and disrupting （扰乱） coping efforts.Despite the effects of
natural disasters， there are steps you can take to cope.
17. （ ） Over and over again， it has been found that support
from others can be a major factor in helping people overcome the negative
effects of a traumatic event.Given that a natural disaster can impact an
entire community， your support system may be weakened by a natural
disaster.
Try to establish a schedule.18.（ ）A natural disaster can
greatly disrupt your regular schedule increasing the extent to which your
life feels out of ing up with a daily， structured schedule can
help you establish a sense of predictability and control.
Talk about the effect of the natural disaster.19.（ ） A natural
disaster can result in strong feelings of anger， anxiety， and
sadness.These emotions need to be expressed.If you hold them in， they
may only grow stronger.
Practice healthy coping strategies.Following a natural disaster，
you’ll experience a number of intense negative emotions.20.（ ）
Alcohol use， excessive sleep， or seeking comfort in food may be
effective short-term strategies.However， in the long term， these
strategies won’t address the real issue and will only cause your distress to
increase.
A. Seek out and connect with social support.
B. Try to limit all the other sources of stress in your life.
C. For example， set regular times for meals， or waking up in the
morning.
D. Natural disasters can bring about high levels of stress， anxiety， and
anger.
E. Share your feelings with others， or find some ways to express your
emotions.
F. Therefore， it is very important to identify healthy ways of managing
these emotions.
G. Your most important task following a natural disaster is getting your
life back in order.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章告诉人们如何来处理经历自然
灾害之后不适的情绪。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章告诉人们如何来处理经历自然
灾害之后不适的情绪。
16. D 根据下文可知，自然灾害不但会造成财产损失，而且还会造
成心理上的压力。D项（自然灾害会带来高强度的压力、焦虑和愤
怒）符合语境。
17. A 设空处位于段首，为本段主旨句。根据下文可知，本段建议
要在其他人那里寻求帮助和支持。A项（寻找并联系社会支持）符合
语境。
18. C 根据本段主旨句Try to establish a schedule.可知，本段建议制
订一个时间表，所以此处应具体来解释这个做法。C项（例如，固定
吃饭时间或者早上起床时间）举例说明要建立时间表，符合语境。
19. E 根据本段主旨句Talk about the effect of the natural disaster.可
知，本段建议通过和其他人交流的方式来释放自己压抑的情感。E项
（与他人分享你的感受或者找一些方式来表达你的情绪）符合语境。
20. F 根据空前内容可知，在自然灾害中有强烈的消极情感后，一定
要用健康的方法去调整这样的情绪。F项（因此，找到管理这些情绪
的健康方式是非常重要的）符合语境。
Ⅲ.应用文写作
假定你是学校英语报的记者李华，上周学校组织学生去少年宫
（the Children’s Palace）参加活动，让学生在虚拟现实（VR）环境
中体验自然灾害。请你以Our Experience Activity为题写一篇报道，要
点如下：
1. 活动目的、时间等；
2. 体验的内容及感悟。
注意：1.写作词数应为80左右；
2. 请按如下格式作答。
Our Experience Activity
参考范文：
Our Experience Activity
Our school organized us to participate in an activity in the
Children’s Palace from 2：00 p.m.to 5：30 p.m. on 17 December，
which was aimed to help us learn more about natural disasters.
During the activity， we learned some basic ways to deal with
distinct natural disasters.We also experienced natural disasters such as an
earthquake， a flood， a tornado， a tsunami and a volcanic eruption in
VR， where we deeply felt the danger of natural pared to
the knowledge we have gained in our class， what we have learnt in the
activity is practical and instructive.
