(共32张PPT)
第2讲 句组层次题
技法1 利用词语复现解题
技法2 根据作者情感态度选词
目 录 索 引
技法3 利用语境暗示解题
句组层次题是比句内层次题稍难一级的题目,其解题信息分布在空格前后的一组意群之中,解题时需“瞻前顾后”,综合意群信息解答,也就是说,根据本句信息不足以解题,还要从空格前后找信息源。
技法1 利用词语复现解题
词语复现是指某一个词以原词或同/近义词(如difficult与challenging)、同源词(如happy与happiness)、上下义词(如vegetable与eggplant)、反义词(如wrong与right)等形式在同一语篇中重复出现的现象。词语复现是语篇衔接的一个重要手段,我们可以借助这一衔接手段解答完形填空题。
1.原词复现
[典例1](2023新课标Ⅰ卷节选)
As reported by a local newspaper,Bailey was more than two-thirds of the way through her 44.race when a runner in front of her began crying in pain①. She 45.stopped to help her fellow runner,Danielle Lenoue.Bailey took her arm to see if she could walk forward with 46.aid.She couldn’t...
...
...She would have struggled with extreme② 50 to make it to that aid checkpoint without Bailey’s help.
50.A.hunger B.pain C.cold D.tiredness
√
[语境猜词]
①
②
[点拨] 根据上文中的“began crying in pain”以及“Bailey took her arm to see if she could walk forward with aid.She couldn’t”可知,Lenoue 因疼痛而哭泣,即便被 Bailey搀着也无法行走。所以,此处表示“要是没有 Bailey 的帮助,Lenoue 就得强忍剧痛(pain)走到那个医疗点”。pain是原词复现。
痛苦地
adj.极度的
2.同/近义词复现
[典例2](2025全国一卷节选)
I took a picture of the vase and posted it online,for $10.A couple of messages came in,one wanting additional① 46 ,another asking for a price cut②.
46.A.fees B.photos C.receipts D.models
[语境猜词]
①
②
[点拨] 根据上文“I took a picture of the vase”及“additional”可推知,此处指有人想要更多照片。photo是picture的同义复现。
√
adj.额外的
(熟词生义)n.削减
3.同源词复现
[典例3](2021全国甲卷节选)
...Burchill said in a recent letter of 51 to the 4-star hotel...
...
“I have 55.matured and I admit responsibility① for my 56.actions,” he said in the letter.“I come to you,57.hat in hand,to apologize for the damage I had 58.indirectly caused and to ask you to 59.reconsider my lifetime ban② from the hotel.”
51.A.application B.apology C.request D.invitation
[语境猜词]
①
②
√
n.责任
n.禁令
[点拨] 根据下文中的“...he said in the letter.‘I come to you...to apologize for the damage I had 58.indirectly caused’”可知,空处应该是道歉,所以选项应为apologize的同源词。
技法2 根据作者情感态度选词
在做完形填空题时,考生一定要在快速阅读文章的过程中,仔细找出能够反映作者态度和情感色彩的重要词汇。作者在选择使用特定的褒义词或贬义词时就表达了自己的感情和意愿。考生做题时要抓住这个线索,根据态度一致原则,进行合理推测,从而快速确定某些题目的正确答案。
[典例](2024全国甲卷节选)
My childhood is quite 55.happy compared with① hers.I am 56 that I did not need to 57.go through the hardships like she did.I’ve never faced the problem of 58.education.
56.A.grateful B.surprised
C.convinced② D.regretful
[语境猜词]
①
②
[点拨] 结合上下文可知,作者感激(grateful)自己没有经历过奶奶经历的那些艰辛。
√
和……相比
adj.确信的,信服的
技法3 利用语境暗示解题
完形填空的每一道题都有依据,考生须在上下文中寻找依据。有时候问题的答案只需要考虑设空处所在句或该句的上文或下文,但有时需综合考虑上下文。总结成口诀:每道题必有据,上下求索找信息。
[典例](2025浙江1月卷节选)
She signed up on the website Bookalokal,and now welcomes 43 into her Brussels flat twice a week for dinner parties.
Ribeiro 44. charged ?35 per person for what is usually a three-course meal that can last up to three hours.For Ribeiro,it has become a perfect platform for 45.pursing her hobby① of buying food,46.trying out new recipes and holding dinner parties.
“It’s a great opportunity to share my passion② for food and to 47.meet new people,” said Ribeiro.
43.A.coworkers B.students C.relatives D.strangers
√
[语境猜词]
①
②
[点拨] 根据上文“She signed up on the website Bookalokal”和下文“It’s a great opportunity to share my passion for food and to 47.meet new people”可知,这是一个分享她对食物的热爱和结识新朋友的好机会,由此推知她欢迎陌生人到她的公寓参加晚宴。
n.爱好
n.热爱;酷爱
课堂应用
A(2024新课标Ⅰ卷)
I’ve been motivated—and demotivated—by other folks’ achievements all my life.
When I was a teenager,a neighborhood friend 1 a marathon race. Feeling motivated,I started running 2 ,but then two things happened.First, a girl I met one day told me she was 3 for a “super,” referring to a 52.4-mile double marathon.Then,the next day I went on my longest run—15 miles. To be honest,I 4 it!Between the girl making my 5 seem small and the pure boredom of jogging,I decided that the only 6 I’d ever run again is if a big dog was running after me!
So I 7 cycling.I got a good bike and rode a lot.I 8 of entering cycle races until I flew to San Diego to visit my sister.While she was at work one day,I 9 her bike and went for a ride.The 10 :The roads there went through large valleys where I’d be riding uphill for miles at a time.I’d never faced such 11 .That day,I got 12 by about 100 “local” bikers who were used to such roads.When I got back home,suddenly riding my bike didn’t seem quite as 13 .
I’ve 14 a lot since then.I’ve come to accept that whatever 15 I set for myself,they just have to be my own.
1.A.knew B.held
C.won D.quit
2.A.regularly B.silently
C.proudly D.recently
3.A.asking B.looking
C.waiting D.training
4.A.made B.believed
C.hated D.deserved
5.A.advantage B.achievement
C.contribution D.influence
6.A.way B.risk
C.place D.reason
7.A.gave up B.went on
C.turned to D.dealt with
8.A.heard B.dreamed
C.complained D.approved
9.A.painted B.borrowed
C.bought D.parked
10.A.problem B.secret
C.principle D.advice
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11.A.dangers B.events
C.opponents D.challenges
12.A.passed B.convinced
C.admired D.stopped
13.A.reliable B.convenient
C.familiar D.appealing
14.A.traveled B.matured
C.missed D.worried
15.A.limits B.dates
C.goals D.tests
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【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述作者在一生中从其他人的成就中,既受到了激励,也变得消极的故事,最终作者明白了这样一个道理:无论自己设定什么样的目标,都必须是适合自己的目标。
1.C 根据下一句中的“Feeling motivated”可推断出,作者的朋友赢得了(won)一场马拉松比赛。
2.A 根据“Feeling motivated,I started running”可知,作者受到了激励,所以开始经常(regularly)跑步。
3.D 根据空后的“for a ‘super’,referring to a 52.4-mile double marathon”可知,作者遇到的一个女孩说她正在为一场52.4英里的双程马拉松进行训练(training)。
4.C 根据上文的“Then,the next day I went on my longest run—15 miles.”以及下文的“Between the girl making my seem small and the pure boredom of jogging”可知,作者最长跑了15英里,和女孩一比微不足道,所以他讨厌(hated)跑步。
5.B 根据上下文语境可知,作者最长跑了15英里,而女孩在为52.4英里做训练,所以应是作者的成就(achievement)看起来微不足道。
6.D 根据上文的“Between the girl...and the pure boredom of jogging”可知,作者在跑步方面的热情被浇灭,因此他决定自己再次跑步的原因(reason)只能是“如果有一条大狗追自己”。
7.C 由上文可知,作者不跑步了,再根据下文作者买了自行车,并经常骑车可知,他转向了(turned to)骑自行车。
8.B 根据上一句“I got a good bike and rode a lot.”可知,作者对骑自行车又有了浓厚的兴趣,故他梦想着(dreamed)参加自行车比赛。
9.B 根据上文可知,作者去了姐姐家。一天姐姐去上班了,作者借了(borrowed)她的自行车,去骑车了。
10.A 根据空后的“The roads there went through large valleys...riding uphill for miles at a time.”可知,作者这次骑自行车面临着路线不好走的问题(problem)。
11.D 根据上文的描述“The roads...riding uphill for miles at a time.”可知,作者从来没有遇到过这样的挑战(challenges)。
12.A 根据“about 100 ‘local’ bikers who were used to such roads”和“When I got back home,suddenly...”可知,作者又遇到了挫折:他被当地大约100名习惯了路况的骑自行车的人超越了(passed)。
13.D 根据“suddenly riding my bike didn’t seem quite as...”可知,作者突然觉得骑自行车好像不那么有吸引力了(appealing)。
14.B 根据下文的“I’ve come to accept that whatever I set for myself, they just have to be my own.”可知,从那时起,作者成熟了(matured)许多。
15.C 作者跑步和骑自行车都是他为自己设定的目标,所以作者已经开始接受这样一个事实:无论他为自己设定什么目标(goals),都必须是适合他自己的目标。
B(2023新课标Ⅰ卷)
On Oct.11,hundreds of runners competed in a cross-country race in Minnesota.Melanie Bailey should have 1 the course earlier than she did. Her 2 came because she was carrying a 3 across the finish line.
As reported by a local newspaper,Bailey was more than two-thirds of the way through her 4 when a runner in front of her began crying in pain.She
5 to help her fellow runner,Danielle Lenoue.Bailey took her arm to see if she could walk forward with 6 .She couldn’t.Bailey then 7 to let Lenoue climb onto her back and carried her all the way to the finish line,then another 300 feet to where Lenoue could get 8 attention.
Once there,Lenoue was 9 and later taken to a hospital,where she learned that she had serious injuries in one of her knees.She would have struggled with extreme 10 to make it to that aid checkpoint without Bailey’s help.
As for Bailey,she is more 11 about why her act is considered a big
12 .“She was just crying.I couldn’t 13 her,” Bailey told the reporter.“I feel like I was just doing the right thing.”
Although the two young women were strangers before the 14 , they’ve since become friends.Neither won the race,but the 15 of human kindness won the day.
1.A.designed B.followed
C.changed D.finished
2.A.delay B.chance
C.trouble D.excuse
3.A.judge B.volunteer
C.classmate D.competitor
4.A.race B.school
C.town D.training
5.A.agreed B.returned
C.stopped D.promised
6.A.courage B.aid
C.patience D.advice
7.A.went away B.stood up
C.stepped aside D.bent down
8.A.medical B.public
C.constant D.equal
9.A.interrupted B.assessed
C.identified D.appreciated
10.A.hunger B.pain
C.cold D.tiredness
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11.A.worried B.ashamed
C.confused D.discouraged
12.A.game B.problem
C.lesson D.deal
13.A.leave B.cure
C.bother D.understand
14.A.ride B.test
C.meet D.show
15.A.secret B.display
C.benefit D.exchange
√
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√
√
【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章描写了越野赛场上感人的一幕。选手Melanie Bailey背着受伤的Danielle Lenoue冲向终点线,并送到医疗点。
1.D 根据下文的“across the finish line”可知,Melanie Bailey完成(finished)赛程的时间比预计得要晚。
2.A 根据上文的“should have...the course earlier than”可知,Bailey耽搁(delay)了比赛,同时根据下文可知,Bailey背着一个参赛选手(competitor)冲过终点线。
3.D 根据第二段中的“help her fellow runner”可知,Bailey背着的是一名参赛选手(competitor)。
4.A 根据语境可知,Bailey已经完成了三分之二多的赛程(race),这时她前面的一位选手痛苦地哭了起来。上文的“across-country race”也有所提示。
5.C 根据下文的“took her arm”以及“carried her”可知,Bailey停了下来(stopped)去帮助那位参赛选手。
6.B 句意:Bailey扶着她的胳膊,看看她能否在帮助下行走。aid“帮助”。
7.D 句意:然后Bailey弯下腰让Lenoue爬到她的背上,背着她一路冲向终点线。go away“走开”;stand up“站起来”;step aside“让开”;bend down“弯腰”。
8.A 句意:(Bailey)又跑了300英尺,送Lenoue去就医。get medical attention是固定搭配,意为“就医”。下文的“taken to a hospital”和“aid checkpoint”也有所提示。
9.B 根据常识可知,只有经过评估(assessed)后,才确定是否有必要去医院。interrupt“打扰”;assess“评估”;identify“确认”;appreciate“感激”。
10.B 根据第二段中的“crying in pain”可知,如果没有Bailey,Lenoue要经历极大的痛苦(pain)才能到达就医点。
11.C 根据上下文语境可知,Bailey没把这件事放在心上,所以这样的一桩小事被报道让她觉得很费解(confused)。
12.D a big deal是固定搭配,意为“大事,重要的事”。记者认为这样感人的一幕是一件大事(deal),所以进行了报道。
13.A 根据下文的“I feel like I was just doing the right thing.”可知,Bailey不能丢下(leave)Lenoue,她只是做了她认为正确的事情。
14.C 根据上下文可知,Bailey和Lenoue在赛场上是首次相遇(meet),在此之前,两个人并不认识。
15.B 设空处是文章的升华。尽管这两个人都没有赢得比赛,但是她们所展示(display)的人性的善意赢得了胜利。(共26张PPT)
第3讲 语篇层次题
技法1 利用首尾呼应关系解题
技法2 利用文章发展脉络解题
目 录 索 引
语篇层次题是完形填空中难度最高的试题,也是学生的拉分题。此类试题需要立足全文,站在整个语篇的角度才能选出正确答案。
技法1 利用首尾呼应关系解题
有时完形填空题的第一个空需要读完全文才能做出正确选择,有时最后一个空呼应全文主题,需要结合全文主题(往往是开头首句)才能作答。此类跳跃性较强的设空需要考生牢牢把握住首尾呼应,结合鲜明统一的主题来敲定答案。
[典例](2025全国二卷节选)
Evelyn Donohue is a 65-year-old grandma.She only started to 41.exercise seven years ago after having a 42. wake-up call.
...
Ms Donohue used to be laughed at for being too old to work out①,but she has proved② the 54. doubters wrong in the best possible way and has indeed become an 55 for many social media users.
55.A.authority③ B.excuse
C.inspiration D.option④
√
[语境猜词]
①
②
③
④
[点拨] 首段中 “65-year-old grandma” 与 尾段中“ for many social media users”通过 “年龄 + 影响力” 的反差强化主题。根据这种身份反差可推出答案。
锻炼
v.证明
n.权威
n.选择
技法2 利用文章发展脉络解题
叙事类的完形填空的行文结构一般是:故事开端—发展—高潮—结局。因此在解题时,考生必须把握文章的走势,了解文章的发展脉络,揣摩文章字里行间的意义,选择与作者思路或意图相吻合的选项,例如上文有因为,下文必然有所以;上文有其然,下文必有其所以然。
[典例](2022全国甲卷节选)
You can tell a lot about a man by how he treats his dogs.
...
The next week we 47.walked our dogs together.It was a hot day.When we paused to catch our 48.breath①,Steve got down on one knee.Was he proposing(求婚) I liked him too,but so 49.soon He poured water from a bottle into his hand and offered it to my dogs.50.In that moment,I began to fall for him....
A year later,much to my 58.delight②,this man produced a little box with a ring and proposed to me.He did not kneel(跪) down,nor did I 59.need him to.That’s only for giving 60 to the dogs that brought us together.
60.A.toys B.awards C.food D.water
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[语境猜词]
①
②
[点拨] 利用文章发展脉络解题。文章首段提出了一个观点:从一个人如何对待自己的狗能看出他的为人。根据下文可知,作者是一位动物爱好者,她的男友Steve也是一位动物爱好者。在两人约会的过程中,Steve喂作者的小狗喝水的一幕深深打动了作者。一年之后,作者欣然接受了Steve 的求婚。Steve没有通过下跪的方式向作者求婚,因为作者认为下跪这个动作是为了给让他们走到一起的小狗“喝水”才做的。
喘口气;休息一下
令我非常高兴的是
课堂应用
A(2023新课标Ⅱ卷)
In April last year,I saw a post on the PNP(Pilots N Paws) website from a family in Topeka.They had to move to Virginia but they were on a very tight
1 .They could not afford to pay for 2 for their dog,Tiffy,and 3 wanted to take her with them.
It just 4 that I was planning another PNP flight with another pilot, Karen,who 5 to take Tiffy from Kansas City to Virginia.What I was to do was fly to Topeka to 6 Tiffy.
When I met Tiffy’s owners,they seemed very 7 .George,the husband, was trying to be calm,but I could tell this was 8 for him,having to leave his dog to a 9 and trust that everything would 10 .
After some goodbyes,I asked George and his wife to help me 11 Tiffy into the plane.I promised to take care of Tiffy and 12 them as soon as we got to Kansas City.
The flight was 13 ,and Tiffy was a great passenger.The next day,she
14 with Karen and made it back to George in Virginia within a few days.He was so 15 and sent me a nice e-mail with pictures.It felt great to know that I had helped bring this family together again.
1.A.turn B.budget
C.schedule D.connection
2.A.food B.shelter
C.medicine D.transportation
3.A.desperately B.temporarily
C.secretly D.originally
4.A.appeared B.proved
C.happened D.showed
5.A.waited B.offered
C.hurried D.failed
6.A.see off B.look for
C.hand over D.pick up
7.A.confused B.nervous
C.annoyed D.curious
8.A.hard B.fine
C.common D.lucky
9.A.coworker B.passenger
C.stranger D.neighbor
10.A.speed up B.work out
C.come back D.take off
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11.A.feed B.follow
C.change D.load
12.A.call B.join
C.leave D.serve
13.A.unnecessary B.unexpected
C.unavoidable D.uneventful
14.A.returned B.fought
C.flew D.agreed
15.A.thankful B.generous
C.proud D.sympathetic
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【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者从Pilots N Paws网站上看到一个帖子后,和另一名飞行员用飞机帮助一家人将他们的狗从托皮卡接到弗吉尼亚的故事。
1.B 根据“They could not afford to pay for for their dog,Tiffy...”可知,这个家庭的预算(budget)非常紧张。
2.D 根据“They had to move to Virginia but they were on a very tight .”及下文语境可知,这个家庭的预算非常紧张,所以付不起他们的狗Tiffy的交通费(transportation)。
3.A 根据“...wanted to take her with them.”可知,这家人非常(desperately)想把狗一起带走。
4.C 根据“I was planning another PNP flight with another pilot,Karen...”可知,碰巧(happened)作者和另一名飞行员正在计划另一次PNP飞行。
5.B 根据“...to take Tiffy from Kansas City to Virginia.”可知,Karen主动提出(offered)帮忙把狗Tiffy从堪萨斯城带到弗吉尼亚。
6.D 根据“What I was to do was fly to Topeka...”和常识可知,作者需要飞到托皮卡去接(pick up)Tiffy。
7.B 根据“George,the husband,was trying to be calm...”可知,这家人看起来很紧张(nervous)。
8.A 根据上文“...was trying to be calm...”以及下文“...having to leave his dog to a and...”可知,把狗留给一个陌生人对主人来说很难(hard)。
9.C 根据文章的第一句可知,作者是从网站上看到的信息,不认识狗的主人,所以是陌生人(stranger)。
10.B 狗的主人很紧张,因为把狗留给一个陌生人,并相信一切都会解决好(work out),这对他来说很难。
11.D 根据“...Tiffy into the plane.”可知,作者让George和他的妻子帮忙把Tiffy放到(load)飞机上。
12.A 根据“...as soon as we got to Kansas City.”可知,作者承诺一到堪萨斯城就给他们打电话(call)。
13.D 根据“...and Tiffy was a great passenger.”可知,这次飞行一切都平安无事(uneventful)。
14.C 根据上文的“It just that I was planning another PNP flight with another pilot,Karen,who to take Tiffy from Kansas City to Virginia.”可知,Karen带着Tiffy飞往(flew)弗吉尼亚。
15.A 根据常识可知,作者帮助狗的主人把狗运到了弗吉尼亚,狗的主人自然非常感激(thankful)。
B(2025八省联考)
I liked to go and watch the sunset at my local park,which was a seaside area in Karachi.There,I would always see the same elderly lady 1 the pigeons (鸽子).The birds,usually around 10 to 15 in 2 ,would gather around her before she even had a 3 to take the bag of rice out from her handbag.It was the same each day,part of her 4 .
I found that 5 her perform this ordinary task with such 6 was both calming and beautiful.
On this particular evening,the lady arrived at her 7 spot to feed the birds.But,as she 8 the bench (长凳) to sit down,her necklace fell to the ground.
I was sitting on the grass nearby waiting for the sun to set.Noticing that,I
9 to get it back for her. 10 ,before I reached it,one of the pigeons from the 11 picked up the necklace, 12 to the bench,and dropped it on her lap.
I couldn’t 13 my eyes.The old lady,also 14 ,began laughing quietly to herself.I was 15 with a huge smile on my face and happily went back to watching the sunset.
1.A.feeding B.pursuing
C.training D.collecting
2.A.age B.size
C.weight D.number
3.A.wish B.chance
C.plan D.reason
4.A.job B.project
C.routine D.dream
5.A.watching B.helping
C.making D.hearing
6.A.confidence B.enthusiasm
C.flexibility D.precision
7.A.original B.parking
C.hiding D.usual
8.A.repaired B.approached
C.shared D.supported
9.A.slipped in B.ran away
C.got up D.turned around
10.A.However B.Afterwards
C.Gradually D.Fortunately
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
11.A.sea B.tree
C.pair D.group
12.A.walked B.stuck
C.pointed D.flew
13.A.lift B.cover
C.believe D.close
14.A.satisfied B.surprised
C.annoyed D.frightened
15.A.caught B.hit
C.left D.met
√
√
√
√
√
【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者喜欢去一个海滨地区的公园看日落,常看到一位老妇人喂鸽子。一个特别的晚上,老妇人的项链掉落,一只鸽子竟捡起项链放回到她腿上,这让作者和老妇人都很吃惊,也都非常欣喜。
1.A 根据下文“On this particular evening,the lady arrived at her spot to feed the birds.”可知,作者是看到同一个老妇人喂鸽子。故选A项。
2.D 根据上文“usually around 10 to 15”可推知,此处是介绍这群鸽子的数量,指通常在10到15只左右。
3.B 根据上文“The birds,usually around 10 to 15 in ,would gather around her”和下文“to take the bag of rice out from her handbag”可推知,此处是描述鸽子迅速聚集在老妇人周围的场景,应该是不等她有机会从手提包里拿出那袋米,鸽子就聚集起来了。
4.C 根据上文“It was the same each day”可知,这件事每天都是一样的,由此可知,这成了老妇人的常规惯例,即她日常生活的一部分。
5.A 根据上文“There,I would always see the same elderly lady the pigeons (鸽子).”可知,作者总是看老妇人做这件事,由此可知,是看着她完成这项平凡的任务让作者觉得平静又美丽。
6.B 根据上文“It was the same each day”可知,这件事每天都是一样的,由此可知,老妇人对此倾注了热情,因此一直坚持着。
7.D 根据上文“It was the same each day”可知,这件事每天都是一样的,由此可知,老妇人是来到常来的地方喂鸟。
8.B 根据老妇人是来公园喂鸽子的情境,以及下文“the bench (长凳) to sit down”可推知,此处指她走近长凳坐下。
9.C slip in溜进;run away逃跑;get up起身;turn around转身。根据上文“I was sitting on the grass nearby waiting for the sun to set.”可知,作者坐在附近的草地上,等待太阳落山。由此可知,作者看到老妇人的项链掉落后,起身去帮她拿回来。
10.A 根据下文“before I reached it,one of the pigeons from the picked up the necklace, to the bench,and dropped it on her lap”可知,一只鸽子捡起项链,归还给了老妇人,这与作者原来的行为形成转折,应用However“然而”衔接上下文。
11.D 根据上文“The birds,usually around 10 to 15 in ,would gather around her”可知,这是聚集在老妇人周围的那群鸽子中的一只。
12.D 根据上文“one of the pigeons”和下文“dropped it on her lap”可推知,鸽子应该是飞到长凳上,再把项链放在老妇人的腿上。
13.C 根据上文“before I reached it,one of the pigeons from the picked up the necklace, to the bench,and dropped it on her lap”可知,老妇人经常喂的鸽子居然帮她捡回项链,这是令人难以置信的事,因此作者不敢相信自己的眼睛。
14.B 根据上文“before I reached it,one of the pigeons from the
picked up the necklace, to the bench,and dropped it on her lap”和“also”可知,看到自己经常喂的鸽子居然捡回项链,老妇人的反应和作者是一样的,感到非常惊讶。
15.C 根据下文“with a huge smile on my face and happily went back to watching the sunset”可知,作者见到这一情景,内心是高兴的,脸上应该是仅有灿烂的笑容,即露出了灿烂的笑容。短语be left with意为“余下,剩下”,表示在某种情况下,仅剩下某些东西或某种感觉。(共43张PPT)
专题三 完形填空
技法1 利用生活常识和文化背景解题
技法2 利用对应成分分析法解题
目 录 索 引
技法3 利用习惯用法及固定搭配解题
技法4 利用逻辑关系解题
技法5 利用语境暗示分析法解题
高考统计分析
年份 卷别 体裁 主题语境·话题 词数 (不含选项) 名词 (短语) 动词 (短语) 形容词 (短语) 副词 (短语) 介词
(短语)
2025 全国一卷 记叙文 人与社会·延续旧物的价值 258 7 6 2 0 0
全国二卷 记叙文 人与自我·一位奶奶的健身之路 217 9 4 1 1 0
年份 卷别 体裁 主题语境·话题 词数 (不含 选项) 名词 (短语) 动词 (短语) 形容词 (短语) 副词 (短语) 介词
(短语)
2024 新课标Ⅰ卷 记叙文 人与自我·选择适合自己的目标 233 5 8 1 1 0
新课标Ⅱ卷 记叙文 人与社会·定居意大利 227 5 9 1 0 0
全国 甲卷 记叙文 人与自我·奶奶的童年故事 271 8 7 3 2 0
年份 卷别 体裁 主题语境·话题 词数 (不含 选项) 名词 (短语) 动词 (短语) 形容词 (短语) 副词 (短语) 介词
(短语)
2023 新课标Ⅰ卷 记叙文 人与社会·体育精神 226 8 5 2 0 0
新课标Ⅱ卷 记叙文 人与社会·宠物公益航班 209 3 7 4 1 0
全国 甲卷 夹叙 夹议文 人与自我·不以事物的表象进行判断 253 4 8 7 0 1
全国 乙卷 记叙文 人与自我·黑人女性奥运冠军 243 2 12 4 2 0
命题趋势
1.2025年完形填空设题整体上仍以实词为考查主体,但设题从单一词义辨析转向语境化深度应用。新增对地道表达(习语)的考查,要求考生熟练掌握词汇并体会其在地道、真实语境中的含义。
2.考生须在理解文章大意的基础上体会句间、段落之间的逻辑衔接,具有语篇意识和整体布局意识,结合生活常识,才能准确理解文意,推断出正确答案,体现了对考生语言综合运用能力的要求。
第1讲 句内层次题
句内层次题的解题信息分布在本句内,在读懂文义的前提下,利用本句的一些信息,凭借语感即可顺利选出答案。对于此类题目,学生可以边读边填,将原文信息尽量复原。
技法1 利用生活常识和文化背景解题
生活是一本书,世事洞明皆学问。大部分完形填空试题需要联系上下文解答,而这其中有很多是考查生活常识和文化背景的题。学生在做题时,若能积极地调动自己掌握的生活常识和文化背景知识,巧妙地加以运用,特别是注意中西方文化的差异,将会大大简化分析与判断过程,节省宝贵的时间,从而轻松地作出正确的判断。
[典例](2025全国二卷节选)
“Hold on①:Consider failure as a 50 to success and never give up.Stick to② your plan,” she said.“51.Help others:Lift others up on your journey. Success is sweeter when 52.shared.”
50.A.green light B.road block③
C.passing mark④ D.stepping stone
[语境猜词]
①
②
③
④
√
坚持
坚持
路障
及格分
[点拨] 句中 “failure(失败)” 与 “success(成功)” 形成对比,且空格后有 “to success”,暗示失败与成功之间存在某种 “通往” 或 “转化” 的关系。结合语境逻辑与生活常识,失败应被视为通往成功的 “垫脚石”。
技法2 利用对应成分分析法解题
完形填空文章的上下文之间以及句子内部之间往往有着一定的逻辑关系,它使句子的各个成分之间形成一定的对应关系。学生可以根据这种逻辑关系找出与设空处相对应的已知成分,把它作为线索,从而推断出设空处的答案。
[典例](2025全国一卷节选)
One August afternoon,I sat in my kitchen staring at a glass vase that hadn’t seen daylight since my wedding.
My husband and I had just sold our house and we were busy 41 the beloved home our family had spent 23 years filling up①.
41.A.painting over② B.looking around
C.emptying out D.pulling down③
[语境猜词]
①
②
③
√
填满
粉刷
拆除
[点拨]根据上文“My husband and I had just sold our house”和下文“the beloved home our family had spent 23 years filling up”可推知,此处指作者卖掉了房子,忙着清空房子里多年来堆积的东西。此处应选择与“filling up(填满)” 反义的动作,即 “emptying out(清空)”。
技法3 利用习惯用法及固定搭配解题
解题时通过分析习惯用法、固定搭配以及句子结构,进行有效的推理判断,从而选出正确选项。学生在解题时要灵活地运用一些常用的习惯用法、固定搭配,学会分析句子结构。
[典例](2025浙江1月卷节选)
The platform① has enabled Ribeiro to realise her dream with a great deal of freedom,as 50 to a restaurant where the service is 51.impersonal, the menu is known in advance,and the meal is expected to be no 52.surprise.
50.A.opposed B.related
C.subject② D.vital
[语境猜词]
①
②
√
n.平台
adj.受人支配的
[点拨] 句意:这个平台让Ribeiro能够非常自由地实现她的梦想,与餐馆形成对比,在餐馆里服务是没有人情味的,菜单是提前知道的,而且人们期望用餐过程中没有惊喜。as opposed to“而,相对于”,为固定短语。
技法4 利用逻辑关系解题
语篇是由一些意义相关的句子根据一定的逻辑关系组织起来的语义整体。逻辑关系隐藏在单个句子中、句与句之间以及段落的衔接中,体现作者的写作思路和篇章意义,是贯穿整篇文章的主线。因此,解答完形填空题最基本的方法就是根据空处前后所提供的信息或上下文之间的逻辑关系,做出符合逻辑的判断。
[典例](2025全国一卷节选)
That left a house still 44.stuffed with things that,while not particularly
45 ,didn’t belong in a landfill (垃圾填埋场).
45.A.conventional① B.valuable
C.complicated② D.tolerable③
[语境猜词]
①
②
③
[点拨] “while not particularly ,didn’t belong in a landfill” 形成让步转折,说明物品虽不 “昂贵”,但不该丢弃。
√
adj.传统的
adj.复杂的
adj.可容忍的
技法5 利用语境暗示分析法解题
上下文语境具体体现为全文的中心主线和主题、作者的态度倾向和评价、上下文语篇衔接、句际和段际关系。在句内层次题中,我们通常可以通过上下文语境暗示,即根据已知信息,推导出正确答案。
[典例](2025全国一卷节选)
We had decided on① key items for the 42.apartment we were moving to in town,donated② what we could,and rented a place to 43 our supposedly important objects.
43.A.store B.display
C.sell D.repair
[语境猜词]
①
②
[点拨] “rented a place” 与 “supposedly important objects” 构成 “租房储物” 的生活场景,store(储存)符合 “暂时保存物品” 的需求。
√
决定,选定
v.捐赠
课堂应用
A(2024新课标Ⅱ卷)
When I decided to buy a house in Europe ten years ago,I didn’t think too long.I liked traveling in France,but when it came to picking my favorite spot to
1 ,Italy was the clear winner.
During my first visit to Italy,I 2 to ask for directions or order in a restaurant.But every time I tried to 3 a sentence of Italian together,the locals smiled at me and 4 my language skills.That encouragement helped me to get through the language 5 .After I made Italy my permanent home, I discovered how 6 Italians are.Neighbors will bring me freshly made cheese and will come to my door to 7 me to close the window in my car when rain is coming.It’s these small 8 of kindness that make a new country feel like home.
As a foodie,the way to my heart is through my stomach,and nowhere fuels my 9 quite like Italy.Each town has its own traditional 10 ,and every family keeps a recipe passed from one generation to another.Families
11 for big meals on Sundays,birthdays,and whatever other excuses they can 12 .These meals are always 13 by laughter and joy.Whatever
14 life in Italy might have,the problems are 15 once you sit down to a big meal with friends and family.
【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者十年前决定在欧洲购房时选择了意大利,而不是法国,原因是作者在意大利受到了当地人的鼓励,感受到了他们的温暖,这让他有了家的感觉。
1.A.study B.rent
C.visit D.settle
2.A.planned B.struggled
C.refused D.happened
3.A.string B.hang
C.mix D.match
4.A.improved B.assessed
C.admired D.praised
5.A.course B.barrier
C.area D.test
6.A.open-minded B.strong-willed
C.warm-hearted D.well-informed
7.A.remind B.allow
C.persuade D.order
8.A.tricks B.promises
C.acts D.duties
9.A.ambition B.success
C.appetite D.growth
10.A.costume B.dish
C.symbol D.tale
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
11.A.gather B.cheer
C.leave D.wait
12.A.put up with B.stand up for
C.come up with D.make up for
13.A.signaled B.confirmed
C.represented D.accompanied
14.A.disadvantages B.meanings
C.surprises D.opportunities
15.A.created B.forgotten
C.understood D.identified
√
√
√
√
√
【答案与解析】
1.D 根据下文“After I made Italy my permanent home”以及“make a new country feel like home”可知,作者选择最喜欢的地方定居(settle)。
2.B 根据上文“During my first visit to Italy”可推知,此处指作者第一次到意大利,语言不通,问路或在餐馆点餐都很难(struggled)。
3.A 根据下文“a sentence of Italian together”可知,作者努力想用意大利语串成(string)一句话。
4.D 根据上文“the locals smiled at me”以及下文“That encouragement”可知,作者尝试说意大利语,当地人赞扬(praised)作者的语言能力。
5.B 根据上文“the locals smiled at me and my language skills.That encouragement helped me”可知,当地人的鼓励帮助作者克服了语言障碍(barrier)。
6.C 根据下文“Neighbors will bring me freshly made cheese”和“will come to my door to me to close the window in my car when rain is coming”可知,邻居非常热情(warm-hearted)。
7.A 根据“will come to my door”和“me to close the window in my car when rain is coming.”可知,热心的邻居在下雨的时候来作者家提醒(remind)他关上车窗。
8.C 根据上文“Neighbors will bring me freshly made cheese and will come to my door to me to close the window in my car when rain is coming.”可知,正是这些小小的善举(acts)让人在一个陌生的国度有了家的感觉。
9.C 根据上文“As a foodie,the way to my heart is through my stomach”可知,没有什么地方能像意大利那样激发作者的食欲(appetite)。
10.B 根据上文“fuels my ”以及下文“every family keeps a recipe passed from one generation to another”可知,意大利各家都有自己的传统菜肴(dish)。
11.A 根据上文“Families”以及下文“for big meals on Sundays,birthdays,and whatever other excuses”可知,一家人聚集(gather)在一起吃饭。
12.C 根据上文“whatever other excuses they can”可知,家人们为了聚在一起吃饭而想出(come up with)的理由。
13.D 根据下文“by laughter and joy”可知,家人们在一起用餐时伴随着欢声笑语。accompanied by意为“伴随着……”。
14.A 根据上文“Whatever”以及下文“the problems”可知,此处指在意大利的生活可能存在不便之处(disadvantages)。
15.B 根据上文“Whatever life in Italy might have,the problems”以及下文“once you sit down to a big meal with friends and family”可知,无论在意大利的生活可能存在什么不便之处,一旦你和朋友、家人坐下来吃顿大餐,这些问题就会被遗忘(forgotten)。
B(2024浙江1月卷)
While taking a 20-hour train ride along the edge of the Taklimakan Desert in the northwestern China,I had the kind of humbling,educational,and above all else,wonderful 1 with a local that all travelers long for.A young Chinese man 2 me on the train.My 3 friend spoke virtually no English,so I happily took the 4 to practice my Chinese.
Over several hours he would tell me about how he had 5 a two-year professional school to quickly find a job 6 highways in order to help support his family.Perhaps most 7 ,however,was the fact that this man spent hours studying every day after hard physical labor.Without batting an eye he would 8 a translated Emerson passage before asking about the literary influence of American 9 as a whole.“And what do you all learn about Russian authors ” I 10 him asking at one point.
It would have been easy to 11 my assumptions about this highway builder who had never been more than a few hundred miles from home.But this highly informed, 12 ,and admirable person prevented me doing so.In the course of a couple of hours,he 13 me just how much one can gain from 14 with an open mind,and a willingness to 15 with locals from all walks of life.
【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者有一次在火车上偶遇了一名年轻的中国男子,在交谈中发现年轻人见多识广、自学成才,是一个令人钦佩的人。
1.A.experiment B.encounter
C.competition D.appointment
2.A.treated B.saved
C.lectured D.approached
3.A.true B.so-called
C.new D.long-lost
4.A.chance B.advice
C.trouble D.right
5.A.visited B.financed
C.attended D.founded
6.A.building B.sweeping
C.checking D.guarding
7.A.typical B.obvious
C.natural D.remarkable
8.A.publish B.quote
C.copy D.download
9.A.writers B.historians
C.workers D.students
10.A.anticipate B.imagine
C.recall D.catch
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11.A.look into B.rely on
C.go over D.deal with
12.A.well-behaved B.multi-skilled
C.warm-hearted D.self-educated
13.A.asked B.warned
C.showed D.promised
14.A.traveling B.reading
C.searching D.teaching
15.A.cooperate B.side
C.negotiate D.engage
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【答案与解析】
1.B 根据下文“with a local that all travelers long for”可知作者和一个当地人有了一次邂逅。故选B项。
2.D 根据下文“me on the train”以及下文两人的交谈可知,一名年轻的中国男子在火车上向作者走来。故选D项。
3.C 根据上文“A young Chinese man”可知,两人是在火车上认识的,所以是新朋友。故选C项。
4.A 根据下文“to practice my Chinese”可知,作者抓住这个机会练习中文。故选A项。
5.C 根据下文“a two-year professional school”可知,这名年轻人去上了一所为期两年的专业学校。故选C项。
6.A 根据下文“this highway builder”可知,这名年轻人是公路建设者,修建公路。故选A项。
7.D 根据下文“this man spent hours studying every day after hard physical labor”可知,这个人每天在辛苦的体力劳动之后花几个小时学习,这是最值得注意的(品质)。故选D项。
8.B 根据下文“a translated Emerson passage”可知,他引用翻译的爱默生的一段话。故选B项。
9.A 根据上文“a translated Emerson passage before asking about the literary influence of American”以及下文“And what do you all learn about Russian authors ”可知,年轻人对美国和俄罗斯的作家感兴趣。故选A项。
10.C 根据下文“him asking at one point”可知,作者在回忆年轻人提过的问题。故选C项。
11.B look into调查;rely on依靠;go over复习;deal with处理。根据下文“my assumptions about this highway builder who had never been more than a few hundred miles from home”可知,年轻人从来没有到过离家超过几百英里的地方,因此作者很容易依靠自己的假设对他进行判断。
12.D 由上文“this man spent hours studying every day after hard physical labor”可知,指这名年轻人的自学能力。故选D项。
13.C 根据下文“me just how much one can gain from”可知,年轻人通过自己向作者展示了一个人可以从开放的心态和愿意与各行各业的当地人交往中收获多少。故选C项。
14.A 根据下文“with an open mind,and a willingness to”并结合作者当时在乘火车旅行可知,年轻人展现出来的是带着开放的心态旅行,故选A项。
15.D cooperate合作;side支持;negotiate协商;engage参与。下文“with locals from all walks of life”指和各行各业的当地人打交道,engage with表示“与……接触”。故选D项。
