【培优方案】UNIT 4　SPACE EXPLORATION（讲义）（学生版）英语（人教）必修第三册

UNIT 4　SPACE EXPLORATION
Keep your eyes on the stars， and your feet on the ground. —Theodore Roosevelt 仰望星空，脚踏实地。 ——西奥多·罗斯福
The Earth is the cradle of humanity， but mankind cannot stay in the cradle forever. —Konstantin Tsiolkovsky 地球是人类的摇篮，但人类不可能永远待在摇篮里。 ——康斯坦丁·齐奥尔科夫斯基
We are limited only by our imagination and our will to act. —Ron Garan 限制我们的只有我们的想象力和行动的意志。 ——罗恩·加兰 That’s one small step for [a] man， one giant leap for mankind. —Neil Armstrong 对一个人来说，这是一小步；对人类来说，这是一大步。 ——尼尔·阿姆斯特朗
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双语名言
倾听英文好声音感悟人生正能量
Great quotes with positive energy
单元素养日标
(主题语境：人与自然一
太空探索)
语言能力
①必记单词
②重点短语
③经典句型
文化意识
astronaut
procedure
on board
1.动词不定式短语
了解太空探索的发展历程，以及中
mental
intelligent
carry on
作后置定语
国在太空探索方面的快速发展，培养科
rocket
gravity
in the hope of
学精神并乐观看待太空探索的前景。
vehicle
determine
doing sth
satellite
2.make+宾语+宾
launch
so as to (do sth)
orbit
语补足语
思维品质
giant
solar system
leap
mankind
figure out
了解一位合格的宇航员必须具备的
agency
data
result in
3.动词-ing短语作
素质和品质，增强对天文学知识的了
disappointed
desire
as a result
主语
解，并了解人类在太空探索方面所面临
independent
signal
provide for sb
的困难。
recycle
muscle
in closing
4.倍数表达法
lack
otherwise
run out
学习能力
beyond
current
④核心语法
⑤话题写作
sufficient
keen
掌握本单元关于太空的词汇及相关
语法知识，能够运用所学知识阐述关于
argue
shallow
动词不定式作
关于太空探索的
resource
attach
太空探索的观点。
定语和状语
议论文Section Ⅱ　Reading and Thinking
SPACE： THE FINAL FRONTIER
　　“Are we alone？ What’s out there？” People have always looked up at the stars and wondered about space.Today， scientists design vehicles① to carry astronauts into space to make important discoveries.Space exploration has come a long way②， and we now hope to discover other planets that are suitable③ enough to support life.
　　Before the mid-20th century， most people felt [1]travelling into space was only a dream that could never come true.However， scientists were determined to realise that dream.After many experiments， they succeeded in making rockets④ that could escape Earth’s gravity⑤.On 4 October 1957， the Sputnik 1 satellite⑥ was launched⑦ by the USSR and successfully orbited⑧around Earth.Afterwards， the USSR focused on⑨ sending people into space， and [2] on 12 April 1961， Yuri Gagarin became the first person in the world to enter space.Over eight years later， on 20 July 1969， American astronaut Neil Armstrong stepped onto the moon， famously saying， “That’s one small step for [a] man， one giant⑩ leap for mankind .” [3]Following this， there were many more important space achievements.For example， on 5 September 1977， America’s NASA space agency launched Voyager 1 to study deep space， and it still transmits data to this day.And the International Space Station （1998） has provided a continuous human presence in space， with astronauts from many different countries on board.
　　[1]句中travelling into space为动词-ing短语作主语。
　　[2]句中to enter space为动词不定式短语作后置定语，修饰the first person。当名词被序数词、形容词最高级修饰时，常用动词不定式作后置定语。
　　[3]句中Following this为动词-ing短语作伴随状语，follow和句中主语在逻辑上是主谓关系。
　　Although scientists try to make sure nothing goes wrong， accidents can still happen.For example， all the astronauts on the Soyuz 11， Challenger， and Columbia spacecraft died during their missions.However， while such disasters brought much sadness and disappointment ， the desire to explore the universe did not die.[4]This is because people believe in the importance of carrying on space exploration despite the huge risks.
　　China’s space programme started later than those of Russia and the US， but it has made great progress in a short time.[5]China became the third country in the world to independently send humans into space in 2003， when Yang Liwei successfully orbited Earth in the Shenzhou 5 spacecraft .Then Shenzhou 6 and 7 completed a second manned orbit and the first Chinese spacewalk ， followed by the vehicle Jade Rabbit being sent to the moon to study its surface.On 23 July 2020， China sent Tianwen 1 to explore the surface of Mars.It arrived in February 2021 and then sent back lots of valuable information.And from 2021 to 2022， China completed a number of rocket missions to establish its own space station.In 2022， the launch of the Mengtian module signalled the basic completion of the Tiangong Space Station.This modern space station will allow astronauts to conduct many important experiments， greatly furthering our understanding of the universe.
　　[4]句中 because引导表语从句，位于系动词之后，用于强调原因。
　　[5]句中when引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词2003。
　　The future of space exploration remains bright.Many countries have plans to further study planets like Mars and Jupiter.Despite the difficulties， scientists hope to make more valuable discoveries that will enable the human race to survive well into the future.
【读文清障】
①vehicle n.交通工具；车辆
②come a long way 有长足进步，有极大发展
③suitable adj.适合的
④rocket n.火箭；火箭弹
⑤gravity n.重力；引力
⑥satellite n.人造卫星；卫星
⑦launch vt.& n.发射；发起；上市
⑧orbit n.（环绕地球、太阳等运行的）轨道；势力范围
vt.& vi.沿轨道运行；环绕……运行
⑨focus on专注于
⑩giant adj.巨大的；伟大的
n.巨人；巨兽；伟人
leap n.跳跃；剧增；剧变
vi.& vt.跳过；跃过
mankind n.人类
agency n.（政府的）专门机构；服务机构；代理处
transmit vt.& vi.传输；发送
data n.[pl.] 资料；数据
disappointment n.失望；沮丧
desire n.渴望；欲望
vt.渴望；期望
desired adj.渴望的，想要的
carry on继续做，坚持干
despite prep.尽管；即使
make great progress取得巨大进步
spacecraft n.航天器；宇宙飞船
spacewalk n.太空行走；太空行走的时间
jade n.玉；翡翠；玉器
send back 发回；传回
mission n.使命；任务
establish v.建立
module n.舱；组件；模块
signal vt.& vi.标志着；标明；发信号n.信号；标志
conduct v.实施；进行
further v.促进；推动；增进
【参考译文】
太空：最后的边境
　　“我们是孤家寡人吗？外面还有什么呢？”人们一直仰望星空，对太空充满好奇。今天，科学家设计出飞行器，将宇航员送往太空，去做重大的发现。今天，人类太空探索已经获得极大的发展，我们现在希望发现能够维持生命存在的其他行星。
　　二十世纪中叶之前，大部分人认为在太空旅行是一个永远无法实现的梦。然而，科学家们决意要实现这个梦想。无数次实验之后，他们终于成功研制出能够摆脱地心引力的火箭。1957年10月4日，“旅伴一号”人造卫星在苏联发射升空，并成功环绕地球运行。之后，苏联专注于载人太空飞行。1961年4月12日，尤里·加加林成为世界上进入太空的第一人。八年后，美国宇航员尼尔·阿姆斯特朗于1969年7月20日踏上月球，说出了那句名言：“对一个人来说，这是一小步；对人类来说，这是一大步。”此后，人类取得了更多的重大太空探索成就。例如，为了研究外太空，美国国家航空航天局于1977年9月5日发射“旅行者一号”，该探测器至今仍在传回数据。 1998年建成的国际空间站使得人类可以持续在太空中开展工作，来自不同国家的宇航员已经在它上面了。
　　虽然科学家们极力确保万无一失，但事故仍时有发生。例如，“联盟11号” “挑战者号”以及“哥伦比亚号”的宇航员们在执行任务时全部遇难。然而，虽然这些悲剧使人倍感伤心与失望，但是，（人类）探索宇宙的愿望未曾磨灭。这是因为人们坚信太空探索的重要性，哪怕面临巨大的风险。
　　中国的太空项目起步晚于俄罗斯和美国，但在短时间内发展迅速。2003年，杨利伟乘坐神舟五号宇宙飞船成功环绕地球飞行，中国成为世界上第三个能够独立将人类送入太空的国家。之后，神舟六号和神舟七号分别完成了第二次载人环绕地球飞行及中国人的第一次太空行走。紧接着，“玉兔号”月球车飞抵月球，开展月球表面研究。2020年7月23日，中国发射“天问一号”探索火星的表面。它于2021年2月到达火星并传回大量有价值的信息。从2021到2022年，中国完成了许多火箭发射项目，来建立自己的太空空间站。2022年，梦天实验舱的成功发射标志着天宫空间站的基本建成。这一现代化的空间站将允许宇航员进行很多重要的实验，极大地促进我们对宇宙的了解。
　　太空探索的未来仍然是光明的。许多国家都已制订计划，将进一步研究和探索火星、木星等行星。尽管困难重重，科学家们希望能做出更多有价值的发现让我们延续生存，直到未来。
第一步：析架构理清脉络
1.Match the main idea with each paragraph.
Para.1 　A.What people achieved in the past years.
Para.2　 B.Why people don’t stop exploring space despite the risks.
Para.3　 C.The future exploration in space.
Para.4　 D.Human beings always want to explore space.
Para.5　 E.The achievements which China has made.
2.What’s the main idea of the text？（　　）
A.Space exploration has always been difficult.
B.America leads the world in space exploration.
C.China has made great achievements in space exploration.
D.Mankind has been exploring space despite the huge risks.
第二步：知细节明察秋毫
1.What do we know about Neil Armstrong？（　　）
A.He was from the USSR.
B.He was the first person to travel into space.
C.He was in charge of launching the satellites.
D.He was the first person to walk on the moon.
2.What is the function of the International Space Station？（　　）
A.Telling us the huge risks of space exploration.
B.Having astronauts from different countries on board.
C.Telling us the importance of carrying on space exploration.
D.Welcoming the brave people to pay a visit to it.
3.Which space programme was aimed at exploring Mars？（　　）
A.Tianwen 1.
B.Shenzhou 5.
C.The Mengtian module.
D.The vehicle Jade Rabbit.
4.How does the author support the theme of the text？（　　）
A.By giving examples.
B.By stating arguments.
C.By explaining statistical data.
D.By providing research results.
第三步：品佳句妙笔生辉
1.Read the passage carefully and find the sentences describing the mood.
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
2.Read the passage carefully and find the sentence describing the benefits of the space exploration.
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
第四步：抒己见提升思维
1.What do you think of the space exploration？
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
2.If you are determined to be an astronaut， what should you do at present？
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
3.Why is China’s space industry developing so fast？
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
第五步：辨难句拆分解读
1.However， while such disasters brought much sadness and disappointment， the desire to explore the universe did not die.
句式分析
自主翻译 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
2.Then Shenzhou 6 and 7 completed a second manned orbit and the first Chinese spacewalk， followed by the vehicle Jade Rabbit being sent to the moon to study its surface.
句式分析
自主翻译 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
核心词汇集释
determined adj.有决心的；意志坚定的
【教材原句】　However， scientists were determined to realise that dream.
然而，科学家们决意要实现这个梦想。
【用法】
（1）be determined to do sth　　　　决定做某事（表示状态） （2）determine vt. 查明；确定；决定 determine to do sth 决定做某事（表示动作） determine on/upon （doing） sth 决定（做）某事 （3）determination n. 决心；决定
【佳句】　He made up his mind to study abroad， so he was buried in books， determined to improve his English.
他下定决心去国外学习，所以埋头看书，决心提高英语水平。
【练透】　 单句语法填空
①I was familiar with the challenges David faced and was proud of his strong 　　　　　（determine）.
【写美】　一句多译
②随着母亲节的临近，这对双胞胎决定为他们深爱的母亲准备一顿美味的早餐。
→With Mother’s Day 　　　　　　　　　　， the twins 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　a delicious breakfast for their beloved mother.
→With Mother’s Day 　　　　　　　　， the twins 　　　　　　　　　　　　a delicious breakfast for their beloved mother.
launch vt.& n.发射；发起；上市
【教材原句】　On 4 October 1957， the Sputnik 1 satellite was launched by the USSR and successfully orbited around Earth.
1957年10月4日，“旅伴一号”人造卫星在苏联发射升空，并成功环绕地球运行。
【用法】
launch an activity　　　发起一项活动 launch a satellite 发射一颗卫星
【佳句】　①NASA plans to launch a satellite to study cosmic rays.美国国家航空航天局计划发射一颗卫星来研究宇宙射线。
②The company hopes to launch the new drug by next October.
该公司希望在明年10月前推出这种新药。
【练透】　单句语法填空
①The campaign 　　　　　　（launch） by our school aims to help the people in need.
【写美】　完成句子
②The government 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　paying attention to our traditional cultures.
政府发起了一项活动，以提高人们对我们传统文化的关注意识。
on board 在宇宙飞船上；在船上；在飞机上
【教材原句】　And the International Space Station （1998） has provided a continuous human presence in space， with astronauts from many different countries on board.
1998年建成的国际空间站使得人类可以持续在太空中开展工作，来自不同国家的宇航员已经在它上面了。
【用法】
go on board　　上船；上火车；上飞机 above board 光明正大的 go/get aboard （the ship/plane/train） 上（船/飞机/火车） boarding card 登机牌
【佳句】　Have the passengers gone on board yet？
旅客已经上船/飞机了吗？
【写美】　一句多译
六个月前，谢磊告别了她在中国的家人和朋友，登上了飞往伦敦的飞机。
→Six months ago， Xie Lei said goodbye to her family and friends in China and 　　　　　　　　　　　　.
→Six months ago， Xie Lei said goodbye to her family and friends in China and 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
disappointment n.失望；沮丧
【教材原句】　However， while such disasters brought much sadness and disappointment， the desire to explore the universe did not die.
然而，虽然这些悲剧使人倍感伤心与失望，但是，（人类）探索宇宙的愿望未曾磨灭。
【用法】
（1）to one’s disappointment使某人感到失望的是 in disappointment　　　　失望地 （2）disappointed adj. 失望的；沮丧的 be disappointed at/by sth 对某事感到失望 be disappointed in/with sb 对某人失望 be disappointed to do sth 对做某事感到失望 （3）disappoint vt. 使失望 disappointing adj. 令人失望的
【佳句】　①I was disappointed not to be chosen.
我没被挑中， 感到很沮丧。
②To my disappointment， I was disappointed to find I failed the exam and the disappointing result disappointed my parents as well.
令我感到失望的是，我失望地发现我没有通过考试，这个失望的结果也让我的父母失望。
【练透】　单句语法填空
①Only a few people were in support of his plan， which made him very 　　　　　　　　（disappoint）.
②　　　　　　　　 （disappoint） and helpless， Jane knelt down， tears of regret streaming down her cheeks.
【写美】　一句多译
③令我感到非常失望的是，我父亲总是让我上交我挣的所有钱。
→　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　， my father would always make me hand in all the money I earned.
→　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 was that my father would always make me hand in all the money I earned.（what引导主语从句）
desire n.渴望；欲望 vt.渴望；期望
【用法】
（1）have a desire （2）desire （sb） to do sth　 　想要（某人）做某事 desire that ...（should） do ...　渴望……
【佳句】　This time I would not hide my desire any more.Determined to follow my heart， I explained to my father how I felt.
这一次我再也不会掩饰我的欲望了。我下定决心遵从自己的内心，向父亲解释了自己的感受。
【点津】　 desire后的主语从句、宾语从句和同位语从句的谓语动词用“should＋动词原形”，should可以省略。
【练透】　单句语法填空
① Everyone has a desire 　　　　success while success only belongs to the hard-working people.
＝Everyone has a desire 　　　　　　（succeed） while success only belongs to the hard-working people.
②We desire that immediate help 　　　　　（give）to the local people who were in trouble.
【写美】　完成句子
③Since I have difficulty adapting to the new surroundings， I 　　　　　　　　　　　　some suggestions.（求助信）
由于我很难适应新环境，我希望你能给我一些建议。
carry on 继续做，坚持干
【教材原句】　This is because people believe in the importance of carrying on space exploration despite the huge risks.这是因为人们坚信太空探索的重要性，哪怕面临巨大的风险。
【用法】
（1）　　继续做某事 （2）carry out 贯彻；执行；实施
【佳句】　Firstly， I desire that you （should） carry on practicing your oral English to succeed in the next competition.
首先，为了在下次比赛中成功，我希望你继续练习你的英语口语。
【练透】　单句语法填空
①They decided to carry on 　　　　　　（run） in spite of the bad weather.
②Having read stories of Lin Qiaozhi， the girl was determined to carry on 　　　　　　her good work.
【写美】　完成句子
③With the father’s guidance， the twins 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
在爸爸的指导下，双胞胎继续做母亲节早餐。
independently adv.独立地；自立地
【教材原句】　China became the third country in the world to independently send humans into space in 2003， when Yang Liwei successfully orbited Earth in the Shenzhou 5 spacecraft.
2003年，杨利伟乘坐神舟五号宇宙飞船成功环绕地球飞行，中国成为世界上第三个能够独立将人类送入太空的国家。
【用法】
（1） independent adj.　　独立的；自立的 be independent from 独立于……之外 （2）independence n. 独立 gain independence from 脱离……获得独立
【佳句】　We are old enough to be independent of our parents.
我们已经长大了，可以不依赖父母了。
【练透】　单句语法填空
①Instead of helping them from the very beginning， parents should leave their children to think 　　　　　　　　（independent） about how to deal with the problems they encounter.
②To gain 　　　　　　　　（independent） from my parents， I would earn a living on my own.
signal vt.& vi.标志着；标明；发信号 n.信号；标志
【教材原句】　In 2022， the launch of the Mengtian module signalled the basic completion of the Tiangong Space Station.2022年，梦天实验舱的成功发射标志着天宫空间站的基本建成。
【用法】
（1）signal （to） sb to do sth　　示意某人做某事 signal （sb） that 示意（某人）…… signal ...to sb 向某人示意…… （2）traffic signals 交通信号灯
【佳句】　Whether walking， biking or riding a bus to school， you should obey all traffic signals， signs and instructions from traffic officers.无论是步行、骑自行车还是坐公共汽车上学，你都应该遵守所有交通信号灯、标志和交警的指示。
【练透】　单句语法填空
①The instructor signalled to us 　　　　　　（carry） on with our experiment.
②In our class， when the bell rang， it was 　　　　signal for everyone to stand up.
【写美】　完成句子
③The Lantern Festival falls on the fifteenth day of the first lunar month， 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
农历正月十五是元宵节，标志着春节庆祝活动的结束。
so as to （do sth） 为了；以便
【教材原句】　Despite the huge risks though， people will always continue to explore this final frontier so as to learn its secrets.尽管存在巨大的风险，但人们将继续探索这最后的边境来了解其奥秘。
【用法】
in order to　　　　　　为了 以便
【佳句】　I choose to listen to audio books so as/in order to protect my eyesight.
＝I choose to listen to audio books so that/in order that I can protect my eyesight.
我选择听有声书是为了保护我的视力。
【写美】　一句多译
为了丰富我们的校园生活，我们学校于上周日组织了一次5公里越野跑比赛。
→Our school organised a 5 km cross-country running race last Sunday 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
→Our school organised a 5 km cross-country running race last Sunday 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
重点句型解构
句型公式：动词不定式短语作后置定语
【教材原句】　Afterwards， the USSR focused on sending people into space， and on 12 April 1961， Yuri Gagarin became the first person in the world to enter space.之后，苏联专注于载人太空飞行。1961年4月12日，尤里·加加林成为世界上进入太空的第一人。
【用法】
动词不定式作后置定语有以下三种情况： （1）当中心词是序数词或被序数词修饰时； （2）当中心词被形容词最高级、the next、the only等修饰时； （3）位于抽象名词ability、 chance、 anxiety、 attempt等之后时。
【品悟】　①I would really like to interview Yang Liwei because he is the first Chinese to go to space.
我真的想采访杨利伟，因为他是第一个去太空的中国人。
②Mo Yan is the first Chinese writer to win the Nobel Prize in literature.
莫言是第一位获得诺贝尔文学奖的中国作家。
【写美】　完成下面语段
Firstly， I am the first student in my class 　　　　　　　　　　，so I have the ability 　　　　　　　　　　　　freely in English.Secondly，if I have the chance 　　　　　　　　　　　　　your teaching assistant， I will make every attempt 　　　　　　　　　　.I am greatly convinced that I am the most suitable person 　 　　　　　　　. （申请信）
首先，我是我们班第一个在国外学习的学生，因此我有能力用英语流利地和其他人交流。其次，如果我有机会被接受成为你的助教，我会尽力为同学们服务。我深信我是担任这个职位最合适的人选。
句型公式：while引导让步状语从句
【教材原句】　However， while such disasters brought much sadness and disappointment， the desire to explore the universe did not die.
然而，虽然这些悲剧使人倍感伤心与失望，但是，（人类）探索宇宙的愿望未曾磨灭。
【用法】
句中while是从属连词，意为“虽然；尽管”，可以用although或though替换。
【品悟】　①While there was no conclusive evidence， most people thought he was guilty.
虽然没有确凿的证据，但大多数人认为他有罪。
②While I accept that he’s not perfect in many respects， I do actually quite like the man.
虽然我承认他在很多方面并不完美，但我确实很喜欢他。
【写美】　完成句子
①　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　， I don’t agree that they cannot be solved.
尽管我承认有问题存在，但我不同意说这些问题不能解决。
②　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　， I do also have some sympathy with Michael’s.
虽然我完全理解你的观点，但我对迈克尔的观点也确实比较赞同。
句型公式：because引导表语从句
【教材原句】　This is because people believe in the importance of carrying on space exploration despite the huge risks.这是因为人们坚信太空探索的重要性，哪怕面临巨大的风险。
【用法】
This/That is because ... 这/那是因为…… This/That is why ... 这/那就是……的原因 The reason why ...is that ... ……的原因是……
【品悟】　①He was late for the meeting.That’s because he was caught in the traffic jam.
他开会迟到了，那是因为他遇到了交通堵塞。
②She quitted her job.That’s because her wage was too low.
她辞去了工作。那是因为她的工资太低了。
【写美】　一句多译
我不去那里的原因是我正在准备即将到来的国庆节表演。
→The reason 　　　　　　　　　　　　　I am preparing performances for the coming National Day.
→I won’t go there， 　　　　　　　　　　I am preparing performances for the coming National Day.
→I am preparing performances for the coming National Day， that’s 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
提示：完成课后作业　UNIT 4　Section Ⅱ
10 / 11Section Ⅳ　Listening and Talking & Reading for Writing(4)
Part Ⅰ　Talk about life in space
　　　　　　　　　　　　　听说课前清障 ——排除疑难，胸有成竹
Ⅰ.话题词汇
1.benefit from China’s space programme　　　　　从中国的太空项目中获益
2.become the first Chinese astronaut 成为中国第一位宇航员
3.receive mental and physical training 接受心理上和身体上的训练
4.in the field of science　　　 在科学领域
5.improve the quality of life 提高生活质量
6.negative effect 负面影响
7.a scientific breakthrough 一项科学突破
8.be curious about astronauts’ life in space　　　　对宇航员在太空的生活感到好奇
9.make our lives more comfortable and convenient 使我们的生活更加舒适、方便
10.with the development of aerospace science and technology 随着航空航天科技的发展
Ⅱ.话题句式
1.The development of science and technology makes our lives more comfortable and convenient.
科技的发展使我们的生活更加舒适、方便。
2.The journey to outer space and other planets is not a dream any more.
去外太空和其他星球旅行不再是一个梦。
3.There is no doubt that we benefit a lot from the scientific advancements in many different ways.毫无疑问，在许多不同方面科学的进步使我们受益良多。
4.I have long been interested in space exploration.
长期以来我一直对太空探索感兴趣。
5.How I wish I had a chance to travel into space！我多么希望我有机会去太空旅行！
　　　　　　　　　　　　　话题表达实战 ——聚焦主题，定向突破
　　情境：宇航员们在失重的太空是如何进食和饮水的呢？那将是一种独特的体验。
　　For the astronauts， the things like eating food and drinking water become very strange.Space food carried by astronauts should be as light and small as possible.1.　　　　　　　 （宇航员如何进食） during space flight is a big test for them.Under weightless conditions， 2.　　　　　　　　　　　　 （一个盛满水的杯子） can be placed upside down.The water in the cup will not float or fall out automatically.If it 3.　　　　　　　　　　　　 （被放在桌子上）， the cup will rise with the water.So， drinking water in space is not easy.4.　　　　　　　　　 （各种食物）， parts， appliances and so on are fixed well.If the astronauts want to drink water， they can have 5.　　　　　　　　　　　　 （汤、果汁和果酱） by squeezing it into their mouths.6.　　　　　　　　　　 （我多么希望我有机会） to travel into space！
1 / 1单元素养提升
◇本单元语法学了什么内容？ 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 ◇自我评价 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
◇本单元写作练了哪个方面？ 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
一、核心单词写对
1.　　　　　　 n.宇航员；太空人
2.　　　　　　 n.火箭；火箭弹
3.　　　　　　 n.边境；国界；边远地区
4.　　　　　　 n.交通工具；车辆
5.　　　　　　 n.人造卫星；卫星
6.　　　　　　 n.（环绕地球、太阳等运行的）轨道；势力范围vt.& vi.沿轨道运行；环绕……运行
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1.Yuan Longping has made such a great contribution to 　　　　　　（人类） that he is respected and admired by people all over the world.
2.I paid a visit to Russia which is rich in natural 　　　　　　（资源） and the travel enriched my view.
3.What excited me most was that I experienced the force of 　　　　　　（重力） first hand in the science museum.
7.　　　　　　 n.（政府的）专门机构；服务机构；代理处
8.　　　　　　 n.[pl.] 资料；数据
9.　　　　　　 vi.浮动；漂流；漂浮
vt.使浮动；使漂流
10.　　　　　　 prep.在更远处；超出
11.　　　　　　 adj.当前的；现在的
n.水流；电流；思潮
12.　　　　　　 adj.足够的；充足的
13.　　　　　　 n.毛巾；抹布
14.　　　　　　 n.纸巾；（人、动植物细胞的）组织
15.　　　　　　 n.设施；设备
16.　　　　　　 adj.肤浅的；浅的
17.　　　　　　 n.模式；图案；模范
18.　　　　　　 n.监视器；监测仪
vt.监视；监测；监控
4.A suggestion has been come up with that we should 　　　　　（回收利用） the textbooks.
5.What’s the 　　　　　　（手续） for opening a bank account？
6.The advanced technology provides a new method for us to explore the u　　　　　.
7.Health problems are closely connected with bad eating habits and a l　　　　 of exercise.
8.He always a　　　　　　 great importance to taking part in diverse after-class activities.
9.Our school has l　　　　　　 a campaign to arouse our interest in ancient Chinese poetry.
10.He stood up， s　　　　　　 to the officers that he had finished his task.
11.As you’re k　　　　 on traditional Chinese culture， I’m writing to invite you to the cultural festival.
二、拓展词汇用活
1.　　　　　　 n.宇宙；天地万物→universal adj.宇宙的；通用的
2.　　　　　　　　 adj.独立的；自立的→independently adv.独立地；自立地→independence n.独立；自立→depend vi.依靠
3.　　　　　　 n.（对事物的）分析；分析结果→analyse v.分析
4.　　　　　　 adj.定期的；经常的；正常的→regularly adv.经常；定期地→irregular adj.无规律的；不定期的
5.　　　　　　 adj.有限的→limitless adj.无限的→limit vt.& n.限制
6.　　　　　　 adj.结尾的；结束的 n.停业；关闭；倒闭→close vt.关闭adj.近的；亲密的→closely adv.仔细地；严密地
7.　　　　　　 n.神秘事物；谜→mysterious adj.神秘的
Ⅱ.用所给词的适当形式填空
1.These 　　　　　　scientists have the 　　　　　to create the newest equipment.（intelligence）
2.In my opinion， punishment is not a wise choice to help children grow up 　　　　　　（mental） and physically.
3.①It was my 　　　　　　　　（determine） and desire for knowledge that made me succeed at last.
②A 　　　　　　　　（determine） person always tries to finish the job， no matter how hard it is.
③It is your attitude towards failure that 　　　　　（determine） whether you will achieve success or not.
4.The astronaut was 　　　　　　　　at the 　　　　　　　　result， but he tried to hide his 　　　　　　　　.（disappoint）
5.Now that we are all part of the 　　　　　　（globe） village， everyone becomes a neighbour.
6.There was a heated 　　　　　　　　about whether he was suitable for the position， and most of the people 　　　　　　for him.（argue）
三、重点短语用准
1.　　　　　　　　 　在宇宙飞船上；
在船上；在飞机上
2.　　　　　　　 继续做，坚持干
3.　　　　　　　 抱着……的希望
4.　　　　　　　　 集中于
5.　　　　　　　　 为了；以便
6.　　　　　　　　 弄懂；弄清楚；弄明白
7.　　　　　　　　 导致；造成
8.　　　　　　　　 所以；结果（是）
9.　　　　　　　　 提供生活所需
10.　　　　　　　　 最后
11.　　　　　　　　 用完；耗尽
Ⅲ.选用左栏短语并用其适当形式填空
1.My laziness has 　　　　　　　　my current terrible situation.
2.He was determined to work hard 　　　　　　achieve his initial goal.
3.Last month， I was busy preparing for the final examination 　　　　　　　　performing well.
4.Why not study at medical college like Lin Qiaozhi and 　　　　　　your super work？
5.　　　　　　， I would like to remind you that each person has a gift and a purpose in life.
6.The pilot asked all the passengers 　　　　　　to remain seated as the plane was making a landing.
7.We have much difficulty 　　　　　　　　the global population of polar bears.
四、经典句式写美
1.句型公式：动词不定式短语作后置定语
教材原句：Afterwards， the USSR focused on sending people into space， and on 12 April 1961， Yuri Gagarin became the first person in the world to enter space.
2.句型公式：动词-ing短语作主语
教材原句：Firstly， exploring space has already made a difference in the fight against world hunger.
3.句型公式：be＋形容词＋to do
教材原句：It is necessary to find a new home for people in space， as the resources on Earth will run out.
4.句型公式：倍数表达法
教材原句：Olympus Mons， the largest volcano on Mars， is about twice as high as Mount Qomolangma.
Ⅳ.完成句子
1.I can speak fluent English and I am 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
我能说一口流利的英语，我是班上第一个出国深造的学生。
2.As a matter of fact， 　　　　　　　　　　is protecting ourselves.
事实上，保护野生动物就是保护我们自己。
3.He has many friends because he 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
他有很多朋友，因为他容易相处。
4.This tree is 　　　　　　　　　　　that one.
这棵树是那棵树的三倍高。
3 / 3学习讲义部分
UNIT 1　FESTIVALS AND CELEBRATIONS
Section Ⅰ　Listening and Speaking
【话题听说·勤操练】
话题听力提能
1－5　ABABC　6－10　ABCBB　11－12　AC
听力原文：
（Text 1）
M：Hey， Sarah！ This year I’m going to the rock festival for all three days！
W：Oh， lucky you， Leo！ Are you going with your cousin again？
M：Not this year.My brother has promised to take me there now.My sister’s too busy with her college work.
W：How will you get there？
M：We wanted to drive， but Dad said no.And it’s too far from the city for us to cycle there， but there are special buses so we’ll take those.
W：What do you have to take with you？
M：Just a tent and clothes， really.We’ll need lots of water， but we’ll buy that and all our meals there.Hey！ Come with us！
W：Maybe I will！
（Text 2）
M：Hey， Jenny， the Summer Festival is happening in the park.Don’t you know about it？
W：No.Is it a music festival？
M：Well， in fact， it’s a festival of food and art.
W：Oh， that sounds interesting.When does it begin？
M：On Friday.Last year it finished on Saturday， but this year the festival will run for three days， not two.
W：Great！ I’d like to go.Is it open all day？
M：The gates open at eleven in the morning， and they stay open until midnight.
W：I don’t think I’ll stay that long.But I might go in the afternoon at about three o’clock and stay there until seven o’clock.
M：Well， please don’t come by car.The city center will be very busy.Take the bus.The No.15 goes to the park every 15 minutes.
W：Thanks a lot for reminding.
（Text 3）
W：The festival is great， isn’t it？
M：Yes.I have never seen such a good art festival before.
W：But I have a question — why is the festival only held in winter rather than in other seasons？ I prefer it is held in summer.
M：Summer？ It’s not a good idea.
W：Why not？
M：As there are many travelers in summer， if there is an art festival， the town will be crowded.But in winter， there aren’t enough travelers.For the town’s development， the government organises the festival.
W：It sounds more reasonable.
（Text 4）
W：Attention， please！ Now I will give you a brief introduction to the Winter Festival.It is a free event for all people to enjoy， and is organised by a team of volunteers.The first Winter Festival was introduced the year before last.Sadly due to a lack of money， no festival was held last year.This year the government may provide 15，000 to the festival.They also persuaded the businessmen around the town to offer the rest 5，000.
There will be a free art exhibition on Friday 18， Saturday 19 and Sunday 20 December in the Center Park of the town.The opening hours are from 10：00 a.m.to 4：00 p.m.， and there is an opening night only on Friday， from 7：30 p.m.to 10：00 p.m.Different from other exhibitions， this art exhibition is really a special one because the public will have the chance to watch the paintings which are from the town’s school.And all the paintings are created by the students.
It is great that the Festival is going to host a wonderful sound of music in the Main Exhibition Hall this year.This program aims to show some of the musical talents that we have in town.Everyone watching the performance had better not wear formal clothes， but fancy dress.And in the program， you will hear classical music， pop music， rock music and operas.
话题表达实战
1.people are looking forward to their holidays
2.What about all of the decorations
3.not everyone celebrates Christmas
4.the good Christmas mood has a positive effect on all people
5.Maybe we should find a way
【知识要点·须拾遗】
1.①dressed　②got dressed/dressed myself in my new clothes
2.①celebrated； congratulated
②express congratulations on your winning the first prize； congratulate you on your winning the first prize
3.①above all　②All in all　③There are 1，500 people in all
Section Ⅱ　Reading and Thinking
【文本透析·剖语篇】
第一步
1.Paras.1－5　BACED
2.C
第二步
1－4　DBCC
第三步
1.However， no matter how different they may seem， all over the world， the spirit of sharing joy， gratitude， love， or peace is common in all festivals.
2.They reflect people’s wishes， beliefs， faiths， and attitudes towards life.They are occasions that allow us to relax and enjoy life， and forget about our work for a little while.They help us understand where we came from， who we are， and what to appreciate.
第四步
1.The Spring Festival.Because I can stay with my family， relax myself， enjoy some delicious food and receive lucky money.
2.Yes.First， I think we should do something for our family members or friends during the festival.For example， we can help them do housework.Besides， we can travel with them， which can not only improve our relationships but also enrich our lives.
第五步
1.尽管有人认为节日不应该被商业化，但是也有人认为消费增长有利于（提高）经济和公众幸福感。
2.此外，如果你仔细研究各种节日，你会惊奇地发现不同的文化实际上有很多相同之处。
【核心知识·巧突破】
核心词汇集释
1.①within　②ranging　③have a wide range of choices
2.①n.人物　②vt.认为　③figure out the reason for the failure
④figure out what career path she should choose
3.①for　②gratitude
③I would be very grateful if； I’d appreciate it if
4.decorate our classroom with them
5.①of　②It is typical of Chinese people to arrive
6.In spite of my interest in space exploration； In spite of the fact that I am interested in space exploration
7.①over　②are taking advantage of online courses
8.①is reflected　②reflection　③reflect on my behaviours
9.①when　②where　③occasionally
④On no occasion should you cheat others
重点句型解构
1.①No matter what　②whichever suits you best
③No matter where you go
2.①With all the students doing their homework silently
②with his hand still raised　③with so many places of interest to visit　④with a book in his hand
3.①I feel it very beneficial for me to read　②We students think it our responsibility to protect； We students think it our responsibility that we should protect
Section Ⅲ　Discovering Useful Structures
【重难语法·要攻克】
我的发现
（1）②③④　（2）①
即时演练1
①watching　②being discussed　③sleeping　④reading　⑤moving
即时演练2
①to let　②inspiring　③to lose　④amazing　⑤reading
【知识要点·须拾遗】
　①where you can have fun
②entered the local flower show just for fun
Section Ⅳ　Listening and Talking & Reading for Writing
Part Ⅰ　Talk about festival experiences
【话题听说·勤操练】
话题表达实战
1.Could you introduce the Mid-Autumn Festival to me
2.is one of the most important holidays
3.gather to admire the moon and eat mooncakes together
4.when to celebrate the Mid-Autumn Festival
Part Ⅱ　Write about your festival experience
【速读语篇·知文意】
1－3　CAB
【演练佳作·写美文】
写作步骤
二、1.to celebrate the Spring Festival for the first time
2.The Spring Festival falls on
3.ranging from putting up the Spring Festival couplets to watching lion dance and dragon dance
4.It is typical of family members to gather on the Lunar New Year’s Eve
5.Setting off firecrackers at midnight
6.At dawn； dressed up
7.celebrating the Spring Festival with my cousins； treasure the sweet memories
三、
8.What interested me most was setting off firecrackers at midnight to greet the beginning of a new year.
四、
My First Spring Festival in the Countryside
　　I went to my uncle’s family in the countryside to celebrate the Spring Festival for the first time.
　　The Spring Festival falls on the first day of the first month of the lunar calendar.People held various activities to celebrate it，ranging from putting up the Spring Festival couplets to watching lion dance and dragon dance.It is typical of family members to gather on the Lunar New Year’s Eve to have a big feast.What interested me most was setting off firecrackers at midnight to greet the beginning of a new year.At dawn， we all dressed up and paid a new year visit from house to house.
　　In my opinion， celebrating the Spring Festival with my cousins was wonderful.I will always treasure the sweet memories.
【核心知识·巧突破】
核心词汇集释
1.①Frankly　②To be frank/Frankly speaking
2.①over　②up　③With time going by
3.①representative　②Representing our school
4.①aside　②handing； to hand　③set off firecrackers and fireworks
5.①respects　②Out　③for
④The person I respect/show respect for； in every respect
重点句型解构
　①they were the only people　②It looks as if/though it is going to　③he would say
【教材词汇·练续写】
第一步
1.I finally gathered my courage to knock at Mort’s door.
2.I asked if he could lend me some money.
3.in a trembling voice
4.what a horrible thing had happened to my dad； fading away fast
5.had belief/faith in me； more than pleased to take advantage of
6.Tears of gratitude clouded my eyes.
7.I set off for my home
第二步
8.I frankly told him what a horrible thing had happened to my dad， who was fading away fast because of a serious illness.
第三步
　　I finally gathered my courage to knock at Mort’s door.I asked if he could lend me some money.I whispered in a trembling voice.I frankly told him what a horrible thing had happened to my dad， who was fading away fast because of a serious illness.Mort had belief/faith in me， saying that he was more than pleased to take advantage of the chance to give me a hand.Tears of gratitude clouded my eyes.I set off for my home， a stream of warmth flowing in my heart.
单元素养提升
一、1.lantern　2.costume　3.march　4.ceremony　5.crop
6.church　7.fade　8.firecracker　9.evil　10.medium
11.lunar　12.envelope　13.roast　14.firework　15.inner　16.fancy　17.eagle　18.grace　19.tent　20.wedding　21.clap
Ⅰ.1.gather　2.figure　3.respect　4.typical　5.moment
6.atmosphere　7.ranging　8.branches　9.harvest
10.regions　11.features　12.merry
二、1.origin　2.religion　3.charm　4.gratitude　5.reflect
6.decorate　7.pleased　8.represent　9.respect
Ⅱ.1.occasionally　2.faithful　3.joyful　4.beliefs　5.absolutely
6.significance； significant　7.congratulations
三、1.dress （sb） up　2.after all　3.range from ...to ...
4.figure out　5.fade away　6.in spite of　7.take advantage of
8.reflect on/upon　9.have sth in common　10.look forward to
11.take place　12.to be frank　13.go off　14.set off　15.out of respect
Ⅲ.1.Out of respect　2.had； in common　3.reflecting on/upon
4.In spite of　5.dressed up　6.take place　7.take advantage of
Ⅳ.1.No matter how hot the weather was　2.With the principles guiding us　3.found it necessary to store some masks
4.as if nothing had happened
UNIT 2　MORALS AND VIRTUES
Section Ⅰ　Listening and Speaking
【话题听说·勤操练】
话题听力提能
1－5　CBACB　6－10　BBACA　11－12　CA
听力原文：
（Text 1）
M：Hi， Emma.How is it going？
W：Everything’s fine.How about you？
M：I’m good.Thanks for asking.Can I ask you a favour？
W：Sure， what can I do for you？
M：You know I had a two-week stay in the hospital.I missed a couple of classes.
W：Yeah.It’s good to see you fully recover from an illness.
M：I was wondering if you’d be willing to lend me your economics notes.
W：I got you， David.I can give you my notes.
M：Thank you， Emma.You saved the day.
W：No problem.Actually， I can also help you study today.
M：That would be great.Well， it’s nearly eleven thirty.How about going to my place to have lunch together？ Then we can stay in my study.
W：Sounds good.But I need to go to the library first to get my books.
M：Okay.Let’s go.
（Text 2）
W：Good morning， sir.How can I help you？
M：Well， I have some time off from work next month.And I was thinking of going to Australia.
W：That sounds great.How long is your vacation？
M：Just one week.26 July is my last day at work.
W：OK.Here is a Sydney brochure.Have a look and see if there’s a hotel that you like.
M：Oh， the Four Seasons Hotel is good.
W：Yes， it’s a very high-class hotel.I’m sure you’ll enjoy your stay there.So， would you like me to make the booking now， sir？
M：Hmm ...Yes， please.
W：I just need to take some personal information.What’s your full name and telephone number？
M：Martin Andrew White.And the number is 026249734.
W：Do you plan to travel alone， Mr White？
M：Yes， just me.
W：OK.You’ll finish work on Friday the 26th.Shall I try to book your flight for the next morning？ And then you’ll reach at noon on the first day.
M：Yes， great.And a return flight on 2 August， please.
（Text 3）
M：You look upset.What’s wrong with you？
W：Yes， I’m unwell today.
M：Please don’t lie to me.You told me that you went jogging this morning， didn’t you？ Please be honest to me.Who knows I can help you.
W：Actually Mr Scott got angry with me just now.
M：Why did he get angry with you？
W：I have done a big mistake.
M：What’s that？
W：I have sent the wrong goods to the customer so that we lost millions of dollars.
M：How come？ You’re really careless！ You should be more careful in doing things.
W：I made a mistake in putting the address on the package.I didn’t do it intentionally.I feel guilty， and I have apologised.
M：Yes， I know it.But it’s useless to regret.Don’t make any mistakes again.
W：Alright， I think you are right.I promise I won’t do it again.
（Text 4）
　　W：Aaron， a 12-year-old boy， loved playing on the open land near his home.The land was wet and forested， and made a home for animals and many different plants.It made the perfect place for him to get to know and study nature.All of a sudden， it was announced that the empty land would be improved by building a very large complex of apartments on it.The plants would be removed， and the animals would escape and most probably die.When Aaron heard the news， he was not happy.He was worried that polluted water would run from the apartments into the ponds.From the ponds， water would run into the water supply that served the people of that area.
　　Aaron wrote down clearly all the research he had done about the area， and how the apartment block would affect the local environment.He sent letters to members of government and television reporters.Finally， Aaron prevented the apartments from being built， and thus helped save his environment.The land remained a safe place for animals and plants.
　　Although Aaron was only 12， he had the courage and wisdom of a person much older.Aaron’s teachers described him as gentle， shy and motivated.
话题表达实战
1.we Chinese have many traditional virtues
2.I think one of the most important virtues is honesty
3.because we Chinese are famous for being diligent and hard-working
4.I think kindness is of great importance to our society
【知识要点·须拾遗】
1.①morally　②Faced with moral dilemmas
2.①a　②in　③get out of the dilemma
④The sudden rain put the organizers into a dilemma
Section Ⅱ　Reading and Thinking
【文本透析·剖语篇】
第一步
1.（1）student　（2）work　（3）physician　（4）tending
（5）training　（6）married
2.B
第二步
1－4　DBCD
第三步
　（1）To a person nothing is more precious than their life， and if they entrust me with that life， how could I refuse that trust， saying I’m cold， hungry， or tired？
（2）She charged very low fees to treat patients and often reduced costs for poor patients.
（3）At times she was even seen riding a donkey to faraway villages to provide medical care.
（4）Dr Lin did not retire until the day she died， 22 April 1983.
（5）Since she had no children of her own， she left her savings to a kindergarten and a fund for new doctors.
（6）And even as she lay dying， her final thoughts were for others.“I’m ready to go，” she said.“Don’t try to rescue me any more.Don’t waste the medicine any more.”
第四步
1.Dr Lin devoted all her life to the people selflessly.She was a kind-hearted woman， a scientist of the people， a model of the medical profession， a good daughter of the Chinese nation and an outstanding representative of contemporary women.
2.The way I see it， the main principle guiding Dr Lin through the choices in her life is serving others wholeheartedly.Whatever she did， the first thing that she thought of was other people’s interests.
第五步
1.对一个人来说，没有什么比他们的生命更加珍贵了。而现在这个人对你说，我把生命交给你，那么你还说什么呢？你冷？你饿？你困？
2.虽然林巧稚终身未婚，但是她被称为“万婴之母”，她一生中亲手接生的婴儿有五万多名。
【核心知识·巧突破】
核心词汇集释
1.①was/were　②the majority of
2.①complaining　②complaints
③complain about/make a complaint about
④received a complaint from one of our customers
3.①to　②response　③In response to/To respond to the audience’s great demand
4.①rejected； rejection　②I was rejected
5.①appointment　②appointed　③Having made an appointment with the doctor； at the appointed time
6.①to be elected　②election
③elected one of its members to be/as their spokesperson
7.①tendency　②tended （to）
8.①retired　②retired　③After/Since retiring from the company
9.①away/off　②were scared of being hurt； were scared to be hurt； were scared that we would be hurt
10.①energetic　②energies　③provide enough energy for you
11.①with/by　②to replace
③replace/take the place of； in place of/instead of
重点句型解构
1.①nothing is more precious than human lives　②can’t be too careful　③the most hard-working student； Nobody is more hard-working than
2.①the first Chinese to go to space
②the first student to figure out
Section Ⅲ　Discovering Useful Structures
【重难语法·要攻克】
我的发现
（1）①②③　（2）⑤　（3）④
即时演练1
①improved　②running　③play　④delivered
⑤sitting； playing
即时演练2
①working； helping　②recognising　③approaching
即时演练3
①Having finished　②Knowing　③making　④Working
⑤Having worked　⑥Being
即时演练4
①Having been warned　②Having failed　③Having dressed　④speaking
【知识要点·须拾遗】
1.①operation　②to operate　③to put it into operation
④how to operate the new computer software
2.①whispering　②whispers　③whispered to her
3.①in/with　②assistance　③assist my parents in doing the dishes； assist my parents to do the dishes
4.①in charge of　②in memory/honour of　③in need of financial aid
Section Ⅳ　Listening and Talking & Reading for Writing
Part Ⅰ　Talk about the importance of kindness
【话题听说·勤操练】
话题表达实战
1.（a） part of our traditional virtue
2.stop complaining about the world
3.focus on how much they’ve helped and cared about you
4.be energetic and hard-working
Part Ⅱ　Share your opinions about a moral story
【速读语篇·知文意】
1－4　CDBB
【演练佳作·写美文】
写作步骤
二、1.The story is about a king who wanted to teach his people a lesson.
2.The king hid some gold coins under a stone in the street.
3.The purpose of the story is to tell us that we should not complain and expect others to solve them when we meet with problems.
4.In fact， we should take action at once to deal with our problems in our daily lives.
5.More importantly， we should learn from the selfless girl， who always cares for others in the story.But we shouldn’t learn from other selfish villagers.
三、
6.The story is about a king who wanted to teach his people a lesson by hiding some gold coins under a stone in the street.
7.The purpose of the story is to tell us that we should not complain and expect others to solve them when meeting with problems.
8.In fact， what we should do is to take action at once to deal with our problems in our daily lives.
9.More importantly， we should learn from the selfless girl who always cares for others in the story rather than other selfish villagers.
四、
　　The fable titled “The Stone in the Road” is a moral story.It is about a king who wanted to teach his people a lesson by hiding some gold coins under a stone in the street.
　　The purpose of the story is to tell us that we should not complain and expect others to solve them when meeting with problems.In fact， what we should do is to take action at once to deal with our problems in our daily lives.More importantly， we should learn from the selfless girl who always cares for others in the story rather than other selfish villagers.
　　I like the story very much and I think it is very meaningful and helpful to us.We should always keep in mind that one good turn deserves another.I will recommend this story to as many people as I can.
【核心知识·巧突破】
核心词汇集释
1.①tears streaming down Jane’s cheeks　②burst into tears
③fight back tears/hold back their tears
2.①harmful　②be harmful to our health； do harm to our health
3.①better　②has been done　③a great deal about many historical figures
重点句型解构
1.①many things to settle　②a smile of happiness spreading across her face　③ All the windows open
2.①neither knew nor cared　②not what you say but what you do
③is to blame
【教材词汇·练续写】
第一步
1.a car accident and fainted
2.a world of anger， despair and complaint
3.All day long she frowned and was in tears
4.tended （to） her with great care
5.was replaced by confidence
6.It is you that carry me through
第二步
7.She was blind forever， throwing her into a world of anger， despair and complaint.
第三步
　　Susan had a car accident and fainted.She was blind forever， throwing her into a world of anger，despair and complaint.All day long she frowned and was in tears， feeling as if a knife were cutting her heart.Her husband， Mark， tended （to） her with great care and determined to assist her to regain strength and confidence and step out of such a passive dilemma.Gradually， Susan’s tension was replaced by confidence.She whispered gently，“Mark， thank you.It is you that carry me through the tough situation.”
单元素养提升
一、1.moral　2.fee　3.hire　4.physician　5.clinic　6.elsewhere
7.tend　8.publish　9.staff　10.saving　11.kindergarten　12.principle　13.passive　14.insurance　15.replace
16.whisper　17.midnight　18.bite　19.chain　20.disguise　21.tear　22.court
Ⅰ.1.scholarship　2.decades　3.income　4.precious　5.virtue
6.Therefore　7.spilled　8.despair　9.faraway　10.rejected　11.chairman　12.memory
二、1.complain　2.elect　3.retire　4.sharp　5.operation
6.export　7.assist　8.tension
Ⅱ.1.harmful　2.①marriage　②married　3.response
4.energetic　5.major； majority； major　6.appointment
三、1.carry sb through sth　2.tend to do sth　3.entrust sb with sth　4.play a key role　5.be responsible for　6.first aid
7.pass away　8.in memory of　9.trip over　10.in tears
11.in despair　12.a great deal （of）
Ⅲ.1.in tears　2.in memory of　3.in despair　4.tripped over　5.tend to do　6.passed away
Ⅳ.1.nothing is more important than health　2.he was seen cheating in the exam　3.each carrying a book in his or her hand
4.neither fame nor wealth
UNIT 3　DIVERSE CULTURES
Section Ⅰ　Listening and Speaking
【话题听说·勤操练】
话题听力提能
1－5　ABABC　6－10　BCBAB　11－12　AB
听力原文：
（Text 1）
W：I tried to phone you yesterday.
M：Oh， sorry.I was busy all day and then I went to London in the evening for a meal with some friends.
W：Did you take your car？
M：I left it at home.Parking is such a problem.But the underground was closed for repairs so I had to take the bus.It was quite slow.
W：Did you go to your favourite Spanish restaurant？
M：I was hoping to try some Mexican food but my friends booked a table in a Chinese place.
W：Was it expensive？
M：Quite cheap actually， and the food was very good — but it’s only a small restaurant so a lot of people had to wait for tables — and it was quite noisy.
W：You didn’t stay there and talk afterwards then！
M：We went for a walk along the river.I had a really good evening.
（Text 2）
M：Hi， Julia.Do you like the Christmas carols we’re singing in choir this month？
W：Not really， to be honest.I’m really unfamiliar with most of them.In China， the carols we really know are Jingle Bells and Santa Claus is Coming to Town.I don’t really understand the words of any other ones.
M：Do you want me to explain the words to you？ I think it’s important to understand the words you’re singing.
W：Yeah， that sounds great！ Let’s start with We Wish You a Merry Christmas.What in the world is figgy pudding， and why are people asking for it？
M：That is a weird line！ Figgy pudding is a traditional British Christmas dessert.It kind of looks like a cake.It’s not that common today， but people used to give a figgy pudding to each other at Christmas hundreds of years ago.
（Text 3）
W：Everything is ready.Please come to the dining room.
M：Wow， what a marvelous table you’ve got here！ I’ve long heard Chinese dishes are well-known all over the world for their colour， aroma and taste.
W：I hope you like my cooking.
M：I think you are not only a good teacher but also a good cook.
W：Thanks for the compliment.Let’s begin with chicken which will bring luck to the guests， according to Chinese culture.
M：It sounds interesting.In that case， I’ll eat more.
W：Please help yourself to it.
M：Thanks.I like fried kidney best among Chinese food.
W：Have a try.
M：Well， it’s really unusual！ It’s quite tender and delicious！
（Text 4）
　　W：If you’re listening to this， then you’re probably studying English.Maybe you speak a couple of other languages too.But what are the British like when it comes to learning languages？ According to a survey published by the European Commission， the British are officially the worst language learners in Europe — 62 percent of them can’t speak any other language apart from their own.While 38 percent of Britons speak at least one foreign language， only 18 percent speak two.Learning a foreign language isn’t a popular option at school in Britain； children start studying a foreign language at the age of 11 and may give up completely at 14.
　　So， why don’t young people continue with languages at school？ Research suggests that students think it is more difficult to get good grades in languages than in other subjects such as science or history.The government is now looking at different ways to improve language learning.One idea is to start much younger and introduce foreign languages from the age of five.Another plan is to give school children more choices and expand the range of languages taught to include Arabic， Mandarin and Urdu.
话题表达实战
1.we will talk about cultural influences on American food
2.When it comes to American food
3.some say the hamburger comes from Hamburg in Germany
4.You mean there was a mixing of cultures
5.So it is the food of many different cultures
【知识要点·须拾遗】
1.①diversely　②diversity
③experience diverse foods from different countries
2.①to have　②Fortunately　③to bring good fortune
Section Ⅱ　Reading and Thinking
【文本透析·剖语篇】
第一步
1.Paras.1－5　DCAEB
2.D
第二步
1－4　BADC
第三步
1.（1）There are so many beautiful old buildings — many sitting on top of big hills， offering great views of the city， the ocean， and the Golden Gate Bridge.
（2）It was quite modern and lively.
2.The museum did a really good job of showing how America was built by immigrants from different countries and cultures.
第四步
1.Because Chinese immigrants really did a lot of work for building San Francisco and also brought great Chinese culture there.Chinese culture has a positive effect on the culture in San Francisco.
2.（1）The benefits：People are able to experience a wide variety of cultures， making their lives more interesting.
（2）The challenges：People may have trouble communicating or understanding each other.
第五步
1.多么神奇的一座城市啊——一座1906年大地震后重建的城市。
2.这里有众多美丽的古建筑——不少坐落于大山之巅，城市、大海和金门大桥美景尽收眼底。
【核心知识·巧突破】
核心词汇集释
1.①as　②admission　③admitted cheating/having cheated； admitted that he had cheated
2.①occurred　②It occurred to her that； It struck her that； It hit her that
3.headed to the countryside
4.①after/for　②to help　③sought to make； seek advice from
5.①to earn your living/make a living　②to earn money
6.①up　②bring this art back to life
7.①claim to have found　②It is claimed that
8.①Firstly， apart from studying hard
②apart from/except for the weather
9.①from； being killed　②from　③his name escaped me
重点句型解构
1.①It is wise to develop　②to complete difficult learning tasks　③feel it difficult to understand
④Is it worthwhile for you to spend so much time
2.①There were diverse activities organised by the student union to　②there will be a bus waiting for us
Section Ⅲ　Discovering Useful Structures
【重难语法·要攻克】
我的发现
（1）简单　（2）感叹　（3）并列　（4）复合
即时演练1
即时演练2
①第一个that　②that　③it is
即时演练3
①on　②from　③in
【知识要点·须拾遗】
　①folded　②with his arms folded
Section Ⅳ　Listening and Talking & Reading for Writing
Part Ⅰ　Talk about ethnic minority cultures
in China
【话题听说·勤操练】
话题表达实战
1.Is yellow the lucky colour in China　2.the symbol of
3.Exactly　4.take a picture
Part Ⅱ　Describe a place with distinctive cultural identity
【速读语篇·知文意】
1－4　CDAD
【演练佳作·写美文】
写作步骤
二、1.I live in a small town near Chengdu in the southwest of China.
2.There are not so many high-rise buildings and wide streets.
3.As the town lies/is located in the Chengdu Plain， there is a great deal of farmland around it.
4.From spring to autumn， many kinds of crops are grown on the farm， and it makes a beautiful sight.
5.In recent years， great changes have taken place in my hometown.
6.A great many shopping centers and apartment buildings have been put up.They make people’s lives pretty convenient.
三、
7.From spring to autumn， many kinds of crops are grown on the farm， which makes a beautiful sight.
8.A great many shopping centers and apartment buildings have been put up， making people’s lives pretty convenient.
四、
　　I live in a small town near Chengdu in the southwest of China.There are not so many high-rise buildings and wide streets.However， the scenery in my hometown is attractive.
　　As the town lies/is located in the Chengdu Plain， there is a great deal of farmland around it.From spring to autumn， many kinds of crops are grown on the farm， which makes a beautiful sight.In recent years， great changes have taken place in my hometown.A great many shopping centers and apartment buildings have been put up， making people’s lives pretty convenient.
　　Welcome to my hometown and I am willing to be your guide.
【核心知识·巧突破】
核心词汇集释
1.①settled　②how to settle the moral dilemma
2.①are constructing； construction
②stopped at a construction site
3.am suitable for this voluntary job； am suitable to do this voluntary job； this voluntary job suits me
4.①hand in hand　②at hand　③Hands up
④On the one hand； on the other hand
5.①containing　②himself　③container　④I couldn’t contain my sadness　⑤containing a lot of important documents
重点句型解构
1.①What made me scared was that
②What impresses me most is that
2.①two of which are to make dumplings and set off fireworks　②whose son
【教材词汇·练续写】
第一步
1.My sister and I headed to； sought to
2.a low voice came
3.to escape from the farm
4.selected several apples for us
5.something bad occurred to； claimed his life
6.we couldn’t contain our emotions， tears of sadness running down our faces
第二步
7.My sister and I headed to Old Man Donovan’s fruit farm， seeking to pick some apples.
第三步
　　My sister and I headed to Old Man Donovan’s fruit farm，seeking to pick some apples.At that time， a low voice came.We had no chance to escape from the farm.He didn’t blame us and instead selected several apples for us.Several months later，something bad occurred to Old Man Donovan and unfortunately， his falling from the apple tree claimed his life.On hearing the bad news， we couldn’t contain our emotions， tears of sadness running down our faces like a broken string of pearls.
单元素养提升
一、1.chip　2.cheese　3.definitely　4.downtown　5.mission
6.district　7.afterwards　8.china　9.jazz　10.bar
11.diagram　12.journal　13.claim　14.jeans　15.boot
16.mushroom　17.super　18.souvenir　19.percentage
20.mild　21.item
Ⅰ.1.clothing　2.containing　3.selected　4.seek　5.materials
6.series　7.escape　8.occurred　9.climate
二、1.earn　2.minority　3.financial　4.poetry　5.poison
6.fold　7.collection　8.settle　9.construction
Ⅱ.1.①diverse　②diversity　2.①admission　②to be admitted　3.historical　4.fortune； fortunate； unfortunately
三、1.head to　2.seek one’s fortune　3.earn a living　4.series of
5.apart from　6.bring about　7.join ...to ...　8.to name but a few　9.（at） first hand　10.be located in/on
Ⅲ.1.have earned a living　2.Apart from　3.to name but a few
4.series of　5.seek their fortune　6.brought about
Ⅳ.1.It is necessary for us to wear a mask　2.There are； to choose from　3.What many college students lack　4.most of which were written by American writers
UNIT 4　SPACE EXPLORATION
Section Ⅰ　Listening and Speaking
【话题听说·勤操练】
话题听力提能
1－5　BAAAC　6－10　BBCBC　11－12　BC
听力原文：
（Text 1）
M：Did you hear the 6 o’clock news？
W：No， I didn’t.Was there anything interesting？
M：They’ve built another space station.They will send it up sometime next year.
W：Oh， I’ve read about the plan somewhere.Is there anything else？
M：Just think！ Astronauts will live and do research work there.
W：Really？ But I wonder why you’re interested in such things.
M：I’ve always been.I hope to go to the moon one day.
W：Oh， I see.
（Text 2）
M：So， what are you going to wear at the costume party on Friday？
W：I’ll be going as the mad scientist from my favourite video game.My costume’s pretty cool.How about you？
M：I’m not sure whether to go as a Jedi fighter from the recent Star Wars movie， or as the crime fighter and wall crawler， Spiderman.I’m kind of leaning towards Spiderman.
W：Why Spiderman？
M：Somehow， I feel I have a special connection with him.
W：Why？ Is it because he doesn’t have the courage to talk to the girl he likes？
M：Yeah， sort of.Whatever， I still have four days to decide.
（Text 3）
M：So what do you think？ Racers was a good film， wasn’t it？ What about getting a CD of the music？
W：Well， to be honest， I prefer the music in Spaceship.
M：Mmm， you’re right.The acting in Spaceship wasn’t as good as in Racers， though.
W：That’s true.And what about the dresses？ They were really colourful in Racers.
M：Yeah — not in Spaceship， though — they all wore grey！ Quite disappointing.But the special effects in that film were amazing.
W：There were hardly any special effects in Racers.It had great action scenes， though.
M：Yeah， Spaceship wasn’t quite as exciting， was it？ I think Racers was the best we’ve seen this week.
（Text 4）
M：Good evening.This is the 9 o’clock news.
First， the headlines.A gas pipe blew up in Southern France and is believed to have killed more than forty people.The cause is still unknown.
Three aid workers in Rome were killed when their trucks were attacked early this morning.
A Russian rocket lifted off early on Saturday， carrying the first space tourist， California businessman Dennis Tito， and two others on a journey to the international space station.
A tour bus carrying sleeping middle school students from Boston drove off a highway on Friday morning， killing at least four children and injuring about thirty.
And Prince Aadrew has finally opened the new bridge over the River Thames at Greenwich.Now for more of those stories in detail ...
话题表达实战
1.I’m really curious about his life in space
2.to support their daily lives
3.how astronauts sleep
4.they can go out jogging
5.how women astronauts wash their hairs
【知识要点·须拾遗】
1.①mentally　②to have a positive mental attitude
2.①intelligence　②with his intelligent suggestions and innovative ideas
Section Ⅱ　Reading and Thinking
【文本透析·剖语篇】
第一步
1.Paras.1－5　DABEC
2.D
第二步
1－4　DBAA
第三步
1.（1）However， scientists were determined to realise that dream.
（2）However， while such disasters brought much sadness and disappointment， the desire to explore the universe did not die.
2.Despite the difficulties， scientists hope to make more valuable discoveries that will enable the human race to survive well into the future.
第四步
1.In my opinion， space exploration is not only necessary but also meaningful.We should spare no efforts to explore the universe and make it better serve human beings.
2.To be an astronaut， first of all， I need to study hard to equip myself with advanced knowledge.What’s more， I should take exercise regularly to keep healthy physically and mentally.
3.For one thing， the Chinese government has been attaching great importance to space exploration.For another， the rapid development of China’s economy has laid a strong foundation for the space industry.
第五步
1.然而，虽然这些悲剧使人倍感伤心与失望，但是，（人类）探索宇宙的愿望未曾磨灭。
2.之后，神舟六号和神舟七号分别完成了第二次载人环绕地球飞行及中国人的第一次太空行走。紧接着，“玉兔号”月球车飞抵月球，开展月球表面研究。
【核心知识·巧突破】
核心词汇集释
1.①determination　②drawing near； were determined to prepare； approaching； determined to prepare
2.①launched　②launched an activity to raise people’s awareness of
3.went on board for London； went/got aboard （the plane） for London
4.①disappointed　②Disappointed　③To my great disappointment； What disappointed me most/What made me most disappointed
5.①for； to succeed　②be given　③desire you to offer me
6.①running　②with　③carried on cooking the Mother’s Day breakfast
7.①independently　②independence
8.①to carry　②a　③signalling the end of the Spring Festival celebrations
9.in order to/so as to enrich our campus lives； so that/in order that we could enrich our campus lives
重点句型解构
1.to study abroad； to communicate with others； to be accepted as； to serve my classmates； to take on the position
2.①While I admit that there are problems
②While I fully understand your point of view
3.why I won’t go there is that； that’s because； why I won’t go there
Section Ⅲ　Discovering Useful Structures
【重难语法·要攻克】
我的发现
（1）①⑤⑥　（2）③④⑧　（3）②　（4）⑦⑨
即时演练1
①to deliver　②to be discussed　③have been translated
④to be reading
即时演练2
①to wake　②to be completed　③to develop　④to experience
⑤to improve
即时演练3
①To learn　②to find　③to find　④to spare
【知识要点·须拾遗】
1.For lack of confidence； I lacked confidence； I was lacking in confidence
2.①expectation　②beyond my power
③the whole problem was beyond me
Section Ⅳ　Listening and Talking & Reading for Writing
Part Ⅰ　Talk about life in space
【话题听说·勤操练】
话题表达实战
1.How astronauts eat　2.a cup full of/filled with water
3.is placed on the table　4.All kinds of food
5.soup， juice and jam　6.How I wish I had a chance
Part Ⅱ　Present an argument about space exploration
【速读语篇·知文意】
1－3　CDC
【演练佳作·写美文】
写作步骤
二、1.We had a discussion over whether it’s necessary to carry out the outer space exploration at a class meeting the other day.
2.Humans can find new resources in space and use them.
3.They say this kind of exploration costs too much money.And it’s very dangerous for astronauts to do such work.
三、
4.New resources can be found in space for humans to use.
5.In their opinion， not only does this kind of exploration cost too much money but it’s also very dangerous for astronauts to do such work.
四、
Dear Editor，
　　We had a discussion over whether it’s necessary to carry out the outer space exploration at a class meeting the other day.Some of us think it important to research the outer space.First， people can get a better understanding of the outer space through their explorations.Second， new resources can be found in space for humans to use and it will bring about new living space for human lives.
　　However， others don’t believe so.In their opinion， not only does this kind of exploration cost too much money but it’s also very dangerous for astronauts to do such work.
　　In my opinion， such explorations into the outer space are worthwhile.
Yours，
Li Hua
【核心知识·巧突破】
核心词汇集释
1.①（should） be left　②argued that； argued for； argue him into selling popcorn
2.resulted in； resulted from； as a result
3.①limited； limitless； limited； limitlessly　②to
③should be limited to 400 words
4.provide me with some suggestions； provide some suggestions； for me； supply me with some suggestions； supply/offer some suggestions； to me； offer me some suggestions
5.①out　②up　③our food will soon run out； we are running out of/using up our food
6.①to　②attached　③attach great importance to reading English newspapers
重点句型解构
1.①was hard to handle　②is easy to get along with
③is comfortable to breathe； is pleasant to enjoy
2.twice bigger than； three times as big as； three times the size of
【教材词汇·练续写】
第一步
1.Having argued with my mother
2.Disappointed and frustrated
3.sighed for lack of money
4.greeted me with a kind smile and signaled me to sit down
5.I was moved to tears.
6.has been providing for you
7.leapt to my feet and ran for home like a wind
第二步
8.it is your mother who has been providing for you since you were born
第三步
　　Having argued with my mother fiercely， I stormed out of the house， slamming the door heavily.Disappointed and frustrated， I felt like floating in an ocean of limitless sadness.Later， I stood beside a stand and sighed for lack of money.The seller noticed my dilemma， greeted me with a kind smile and signaled me to sit down.I was moved to tears.The seller smiled，“Girl， it is your mother who has been providing for you since you were born！” I wiped my tears， leapt to my feet and ran for home like a wind.
单元素养提升
一、1.astronaut　2.rocket　3.frontier　4.vehicle　5.satellite　6.orbit　7.agency　8.data　9.float　10.beyond　11.current
12.sufficient　13.towel　14.tissue　15.facility　16.shallow
17.pattern　18.monitor
Ⅰ.1.mankind　2.resources　3.gravity　4.recycle
5.procedure　6.universe　7.lack　8.attaches　9.launched
10.signal（l）ing　11.keen
二、1.universe　2.independent　3.analysis　4.regular
5.limited　6.closing　7.mystery
Ⅱ.1.intelligent； intelligence　2.mentally　3.①determination
②determined　③determines　4.disappointed； disappointing； disappointment　5.global　6.argument； argued
三、1.on board　2.carry on　3.in the hope of doing sth　4.focus on　5.so as to （do sth）　6.figure out　7.result in　8.as a result　9.provide for sb　10.in closing　11.run out
Ⅲ.1.resulted in　2.so as to　3.in the hope of　4.carry on
5.In closing　6.on board　7.figuring out
Ⅳ.1.the first student in my class to go abroad for further study　2.protecting wild animals/wildlife　3.is easy to get along/on with　4.three times as tall as
UNIT 5　THE VALUE OF MONEY
Section Ⅰ　Listening and Speaking
【话题听说·勤操练】
话题听力提能
1－5　BCABC　6－10　BBCAC　11－12　AB
听力原文：
（Text 1）
M：Can you give me a lift to my office this morning？
W：Uh， Carl.Why are you always asking me for that？
M：I’m sorry.I could take the bus， but then I’d have to leave so early！ If you give me a ride， I can sleep for an extra thirty minutes.
W：Well， I have to go to a concert today， and I hate to rush in advance.Why not ask Mom for a ride or drive your own car？
M：You know I want to.But I have to save money on gas.I only make ten dollars an hour.And I asked Mom， but she’ll have to go to the airport to pick up her client.
W：Well， OK.I’ll do it this time， but only this once.
M：Thanks！
（Text 2）
M：Tina， come in.
W：Thanks！What a beautiful flat！ Where did you get all these things？
M：Well， my father bought the CD player， and the other things were presents from my family， too.My brother gave me that red sofa.It was in his flat with two red chairs， but it was too big.He’s still got the chairs.
W：And what about the table that the CD player’s on？
M：My sister bought a new table and chairs when she got married.This is her old one.
W：And this desk looks really old.
M：Yeah， it was my grandfather’s desk when he was a student.He gave me that and my grandmother gave me that mirror over there on the wall.
W：What about your mother？
M：She bought me those bookshelves.My brother helped me put them on the wall.We put up the mirror at the same time.Could you help me clean the bookshelves now？
W：Of course.
（Text 3）
W：I’m sorry for being late.I left home early.But the traffic is getting increasingly crowded.
M：Well， it doesn’t matter.Traffic jams in Shanghai are very common.For me， I’d like to take the subway.It saves a lot of time and money.
W：I can’t agree with you more.I’ll try it next time.Oh， I’m really a bit hungry.
M：You can have a look at the menu first.
W：Wow， everything looks absolutely delicious.My mouth is watering.
M：I’ve been here several times.The environment is quite clean.
W：Oh， yes.The price is also reasonable.
（Text 4）
M：If I could go back in history and live when I like， I’d like to relive a period I’ve already lived — the 1960s.I was in my twenties， and everything was being renewed.You really felt anything was possible.Meeting people was the thing， and you went to coffee bars where you met friends and spent the evening.The cinema， the theater， all that was very exciting with new things coming out.In fact， we seemed to be out all the time！ I don’t really remember working — of course， I was a student — or sitting around at home very much.It was the first time ordinary people started going out to eat.We were beginning to be adventurous about food， but we were more interested in meeting people.And dress， yes， that was the revolution.I mean， girls went around in really short skirts.Men were in jeans， and could wear their hair long， too.It was a wonderful period.It was like living in an age you could never have imagined， and that never has come back.We didn’t have much money， but it didn’t matter.And there were plenty of opportunities to do whatever you felt like doing.
话题表达实战
1.Different people have different opinions
2.while others hold the opposite
3.It is a common view that
4.Money does not necessarily mean happiness
5.it can be a stepping stone to happiness
【知识要点·须拾遗】
1.①based　②base； on their language abilities and personal preferences； should be based on their language abilities and personal preferences
2.①apologised； apology　②apologise to you for； make an apology to you for
3.①ignoring　②ignorance　③He ignored me on purpose
4.①in turn　②by turns　③In return
④In return for your kindness
5.①Judging　②I’m writing to invite you to be a judge
Section Ⅱ　Reading and Thinking
【文本透析·剖语篇】
第一步
1.（1）making a bet　（2）was spotted　（3）England　（4）persuaded
2.C
第二步
1－4　CDCA
第三步
1.（1）The brothers smile at each other.
（2）Well， you mustn’t worry about that.
2.（1）Well， I can’t say that I have any plans.
（2）Well， to be honest， I have none.
（3）Could you offer me work here？
（4）I don’t want your charity.I just want a job that earns an honest income.
第四步
1.If I had a million-pound bank note， I would open a school for kids from poor families.
2.（1）He was honest.
（2）He was hard-working.
第五步
1.他们看到一个穷困潦倒的年轻人从户外走过。
2.这一场的结尾是亨利离开了他们的家，并答应在两点之前不打开信封。
【核心知识·巧突破】
核心词汇集释
1.①on　②where　③What a dangerous scene it was
2.As a matter of fact； In fact/Actually/In reality
3.①by accident/chance　②by chance/accident or by design
4.①with　②was spotted　③finally spotted my friend； with white spots
5.①of　②sorts　③to sort out rubbish/garbage
6.①with； to explain　②prepare breakfast for their mother with patience/patiently
7.①are honest with others　②To be honest/Honestly speaking
8.①was doing　②had just finished Mother’s Day breakfast when
9.①to　②indicating　③As is indicated in the picture
10.①conducting　②to/until
重点句型解构
1.①a generous and warm-hearted person　②find the above suggestions useful　③found myself living　④found it very hard to work
2.①It is at this moment that　②It was the humorous teacher； who/that　③It was when she first arrived in China that
Section Ⅲ　Discovering Useful Structures
【重难语法·要攻克】
我的发现
（1）能力　请求　许可　禁止　意愿　义务和需要
（2）would＋do
即时演练1
①Could　②must　③can　④must　⑤can
即时演练2
①may/might　②Shall　③May　④should
即时演练3
①would　②will　③dared　④need
即时演练4
①can　②must　③can　④may
即时演练5
①should have passed　②may have bought the dictionary
③might have never heard of　④needn’t have booked the ticket
即时演练6
①was leaving　②would lend　③was to become
④was going to visit　⑤would be
【知识要点·须拾遗】
1.①intention　②to go　③which is intended for international students
2.①As is often the case　②In case　③In no case should we prevent
Section Ⅳ　Viewing and Talking & Reading for Writing
Part Ⅰ　Describe people’s changing attitudes in a film clip
【话题听说·勤操练】
话题表达实战
1.was about to sit down　2.After that　3.worried that he could not pay the bill　4.Later　5.opened the envelope　6.the note must be real　7.In the end/Eventually
Part Ⅱ　Write a dramatic scene
【速读语篇·知文意】
1－4　BBAC
【演练佳作·写美文】
写作步骤
二、1.Henry is walking down the street and he sees a sign for a barbershop.
2.You see that my hair is much too long.
3.You come here even if you only have very little hair to cut when you like！
三、
4.Henry is walking down the street when he sees a sign for a barbershop.
5.As you can see， my hair is much too long.
6.Please come here whenever you like， even if you only have very little hair to cut！
四、
Narrator：Henry is walking down the street when he sees a sign for a barbershop.He decides to have his hair cut.
（H＝Henry　B＝Barber）
H：Good afternoon.I’d like to have my hair cut， if I may.（The barber looks at Henry’s hair， continuing cutting another man’s hair.） Er， I’d really like a haircut.As you can see， it’s much too long.
B：（in a rude manner） Yes， I can see that.Indeed， I can.
H：Fine， well， I’ll have a seat then.（He sits in one of the chairs.The barber turns to look at Henry.）
B：It’s quite expensive here， you know！Are you sure you can pay for it？
H：Yes， I think so.（Having cut Henry’s hair， the barber tells him how much he must pay.Henry shows the barber the million-pound bank note.）
B：Why ...？Mr ...（looks shocked）
H：Adams.Henry Adams.I’m sorry.I don’t have any change.
B：Oh， no， no.Please don’t worry！（wearing a big smile） Nothing to worry about！Nothing at all！Please come here whenever you like， even if you only have very little hair to cut！It will be my honour to serve you！（showing Henry out with a bow）
【核心知识·巧突破】
核心词汇集释
1.①hesitation　②didn’t hesitate to accept the post； accepted the post without hesitation
2.mind your table manners； it is good manners； it is bad manners
3.①broaden their view/horizons　②with a broad smile
③broad shoulders and a beard
4.①normally　②above　③your temperature will soon return to normal
5.①willingness　②was willing to assist the twins
6.①to take　②smoking　③social media without your permission
重点句型解构
1.①whenever （it is） possible　②as if （she was） angry
③as if （he was） to say something　
2.①Never will you be admitted to your ideal university
②Nor do I have time　③In no case should Jack and Bernard give in to their failure
【教材词汇·练续写】
第一步
1.had to ask strangers for help
2.I spotted a beautiful woman
3.She ignored me on purpose
4.with broad shoulders seemed to notice me
5.hesitate to take out his cell phone and was willing to help me
6.I must apologise to you for judging you from your appearance，” I said to him
7.He responded to me with a big smile.
第二步
8.Then an impatient-looking man with broad shoulders， wearing a cheap T-shirt and dirty jeans， seemed to notice me.
第三步
　　With my cell phone dead， I had to ask strangers for help.I spotted a beautiful woman， approaching her hopefully.She ignored me on purpose and walked past me as if I were an odd monster.Then an impatient-looking man with broad shoulders， wearing a cheap T-shirt and dirty jeans， seemed to notice me.He didn’t hesitate to take out his cell phone and was willing to help me.Dancing in his eyes was the kindness.“Thanks a lot.I must apologise to you for judging you from your appearance，” I said to him.He responded to me with a big smile.
单元素养提升
一、1.loan　2.scene　3.bet　4.dare　5.sort
6.beneath　7.odd　8.extent　9.opera　10.duty
11.eventually　12.tailor　13.clerk　14.downstairs　15.stair
16.aside　17.frown　18.element　19.plot　20.upper　21.external
Ⅰ.1.postpone　2.maintain　3.pursues　4.hugging　5.plastic　6.saying　7.Nowhere　8.normal　9.manners　10.spots
二、1.basis　2.ignore　3.indicate　4.musical　5.option
6.broad　7.willing
Ⅱ.1.patience　2.intention　3.hesitation　4.permission；
permitted　5.apologised； apology　6.judge； judg（e）ment
三、1.on the basis of　2.take out a loan　3.in return　4.make a bet　5.as a matter of fact　6.by accident　7.to be honest
8.ought to　9.be about to do sth　10.show sb out　11.in case
12.to ...extent　13.on duty　14.in a ...manner　15.in that case　16.be willing to do sth
Ⅲ.1.in return　2.As a matter of fact　3.was about to
4.To some extent　5.by accident　6.To be honest　7.in case
8.taking out a loan
Ⅳ.1.found himself taken to a strange place　2.it was my teacher’s encouragement and help that　3.listening to the wind and watching the rain　4.as if searching for something
1 / 3Section Ⅰ　Listening and Speaking
　　　　　　　　　　　　　话题听力提能 ——捕捉信息，精准判断
听下面4段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第1段材料，回答第1至3题。
1.What time did the news broadcast？（　　）
A.Seven o’clock.
B.Six o’clock.
C.Eight o’clock.
2.What was the news about？（　　）
A.It’s about the space station.
B.It’s about the space.
C.It’s about the astronauts.
3.Why is the man interested in such news？（　　）
A.Because he hopes to go to the moon one day.
B.Because he is an astronaut.
C.Because he wants to do research in space.
听第2段材料，回答第4至6题。
4.What day is it today？（　　）
A.Monday.　B.Tuesday.　C.Wednesday.
5.Which character does the man like most？（　　）
A.The mad scientist.
B.The Jedi.
C.Spiderman.
6.What does the woman think of Spiderman？（　　）
A.Brave. B.Shy. C.Funny.
听第3段材料，回答第7至9题。
7.What are the Racers？（　　）
A.It is a TV play.　　　B.It is a film.
C.It is a dress.
8.What are the speakers mainly talking about？（　　）
A.Famous actors. B.A music CD.
C.Two films.
9.What does the man say about Spaceship？（　　）
A.The acting was exciting.
B.The special effects were great.
C.The dresses were colourful.
听第4段材料，回答第10至12题。
10.What happened early on Saturday？（　　）
A.A gas pipe blew up.
B.Three aid workers were killed.
C.A Russian rocket went up into space.
11.How many people were injured in the tour bus accident？（　　）
A.At least four.
B.About thirty.
C.Over forty.
12.Where is the last piece of news from？（　　）
A.France.　　B.Italy.　　C.Britain.
　　　　　　　　　　　　　话题表达实战 ——聚焦主题，定向突破
　　情境：Lily和Mary对神秘的太空充满了好奇，她们在谈论宇航员的生活。
　　阅读并根据提示完成下面对话。
Lily：Hey， Mary.We’re going to meet a real astronaut.Isn’t it exciting？
Mary：Yeah.I can’t wait to see Captain Brown！ 1.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　 （我真的很好奇他在太空的生活）.I have plenty of questions to ask him.
Lily：Such as？
Mary：Oh， such as：“What facilities do they have in space 2.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 （来维持他们的日常生活）？”
Lily：That sounds like a good question.But I’d also like to know about 3.　　　　　　　　　　　　 （宇航员怎样睡觉）.What do they do so as not to float around while they sleep？
Mary：I wonder how they get exercise on space — it’s not likely that 4.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 （他们可以出去慢跑）.
Lily：I’d never thought of that.But then， after they exercise， I’m very keen to find out how they wash their clothes.
Mary：Never mind that.I’d really like to find out 5.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 （女宇航员怎样洗头）.
Lily：But we are forgetting the most important question of all， aren’t we？
Mary：And what’s that？
Lily：Well， I’d really like to find out what they do when they meet aliens.
mental adj.精神的；思想的
【教材原句】　Astronauts not only had to learn how to use space equipment， but also had to do a lot of mental and physical training.
宇航员不仅要学习如何使用太空设备，而且还要进行大量的心理和身体训练。
【用法】
（1）mental development　 　智力发展 physical and mental health 身心健康 （2）mentally adv. 精神上地；智力上地
【佳句】　There is no doubt that taking exercise is good for mental development.
毫无疑问，体育锻炼对智力发展有好处。
【练透】　单句语法填空
①You can keep physically and 　　　　　　（mental） healthy if you work out regularly.
【写美】　完成句子
②You need 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　no matter what happens.
无论发生什么事，你都要有积极的心态。
intelligent adj.有智慧的；聪明的；有智力的
【教材原句】　First of all， you must be intelligent enough to get a related college degree.
首先，你必须足够聪明才能获得相关的大学学位。
【用法】
（1）an intelligent student　　一个聪明的学生 （2）intelligence n. 智慧，智力 intelligence test 智力测试 high/low intelligence 高/低智商 artificial intelligence 人工智能
【佳句】　Emotional intelligence is just as important as academic intelligence in building strong relationships and effective communication.
在建立牢固的人际关系和有效的沟通方面，情商和智商一样重要。
【练透】　单句语法填空
①Artificial 　　　　　　　　（intelligent） has revolutionized various industries， enhancing efficiency and innovation through advanced technology.
【写美】　完成句子
②The new student impressed his classmates
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
这位新同学聪明的建议和创新的想法给同学们留下了深刻的印象。
提示：完成课后作业　UNIT 4　Section Ⅰ
3 / 3Part Ⅱ　Present an argument about space exploration
1.Why do some people think we should stop wasting time and money exploring space？（　　）
A.Some countries are so poor that they have no ability to explore space.
B.It’s no use exploring the universe.
C.They think we should pay attention to poverty， pollution and fatal diseases.
D.Exploring space will bring various disasters to mankind on Earth.
2.Which of the following is NOT true according to the text？（　　）
A.Exploring space has made a difference in the fight against world hunger.
B.Many satellites orbit Earth now due to exploring space.
C.The scientists can provide useful recommendations after analysing the data transmitted by the satellites.
D.Space technologies are used in industries rather than everyday products.
3.What is the purpose of the author in writing this passage？（　　）
A.To give tips on how to explore space.
B.To explain various ways of exploring space.
C.To call people’s attention to space exploration.
D.To advise people to stop exploring space.
Step 1　品教材课文 Step 2　析写作手法
IS EXPLORING SPACE A WASTE OF TIME AND MONEY？ 　　Countries around the globe are spending billions of dollars and lots of time on various space missions， whether to Mars or other planets much further away.Some people argue that we should stop wasting time and money exploring space.Instead， we should feed the world’s poor and find immediate solutions to other problems， such as pollution and fatal diseases.However， others feel this is a shallow view which fails to realise how exploring space helps us. 　　Firstly， exploring space has already made a difference in the fight against world hunger.It has directly resulted in the many satellites that now orbit Earth.A number of the satellites record data on land and weather patterns.Then the data is transmitted to scientists on Earth.After careful analysis， the scientists can provide useful recommendations and advice for farmers.As a result， space-based science has helped farming in its efforts to grow enough food to feed Earth’s increasing population. 　　Secondly， space exploration has already promoted technological improvements that benefit us all.High-end products around the world are made to a higher standard now because of advanced technology which was first created to meet the requirements for space exploration.For example， space technologies have helped the research and development of different types of new material.They have also helped companies make better heart monitors and other machines that doctors regularly use.Today， space technologies are widely used in all kinds of industries， and everyday products， such as memory foam pillows and smartphone cameras， are changing our lives. 　　Finally， sending astronauts into space has helped people to think about the world’s problems and even to find ways to solve them.Seeing pictures of our planet as an island in a black sea made people realise that our planet’s resources are limited.In order to provide for such a rapidly increasing population， scientists are trying to find other planets that could one day be our new home.The greatest attention at present is on Mars because it is closer to Earth.In the future， humans may live on both planets. 　　In closing， exploring space provides the world with many different benefits.Therefore， it should continue so as to provide new and better solutions to people’s short-term and long-term problems. 学语言： 1.连接词： （1）首段开头用Countries around the globe are spending billions of dollars and lots of time on various space missions， whether to Mars or other planets much further away.引出话题，接着用Some people argue that ...和others feel ...提出人们的正反两种观点，并用However一词衔接。 （2）第二段运用Firstly， exploring space has already made a difference in the fight against world hunger.介绍了第一个分论点，并在段中使用了Then、 After、 As a result等连接词语使句子之间层次清晰，逻辑鲜明，语意连贯。 （3）第三段运用了because of， also等衔接词语使句子之间语意连贯。 （4）第五段运用In closing， Therefore等衔接词语使句子之间衔接紧密，语意连贯。 2.高频词汇：a shallow view、 make a difference、 result in、 promote、 provide for 等词语的运用彰显了作者高人一筹的语言驾驭能力。 3.高级句式： （1）第一段使用了宾语从句Some people argue that we should stop wasting time and money exploring space.及第二段运用动词-ing形式作主语Firstly， exploring space has already made a difference in the fight against world hunger.避免了多个简单句的平铺直叙，使句式表达清晰、流畅，吸引读者的眼球。 （2）第三段运用了三个定语从句that benefit us all、 which was first created to meet the requirements for space exploration和that doctors regularly use，使表达更高级。 学结构：
参考译文
探索太空是浪费时间和金钱吗？
　　世界各国正在投入数十亿美元的资金和大量时间执行各种太空任务，无论是去火星还是更远的星球。一部分人认为，我们应该停止浪费时间和金钱去探索太空。相反，我们应该解决世界上穷人的温饱问题，并尽快找到污染、致命性疾病等其他问题的解决方案。然而，另一部分人觉得这是一种肤浅的观点，没有认识到探索太空给我们带来的好处。
　　首先，太空探索已经在对抗世界饥饿的斗争中发挥了重要作用。如今环绕地球运行的众多卫星都直接归功于太空探索。许多卫星记录着陆地与天气模式数据，然后把这些数据传输给地球上的科学家。经过仔细的分析，科学家们可以为农民提供有用的建议和意见。因此，基于太空的科学有助于提高农业产量，从而为地球上不断增长的人口提供充足的食物。
　　其次，太空探索推动了科技进步，使全人类受益。由于采用了先进的技术，如今全球高端产品的生产标准提高了，而这些技术最初是为了满足太空探索的要求而研制出来的。例如，太空技术促进了各种新型材料的研发，还帮助一些公司制造出更好的心脏监测仪以及医生经常使用的其他设备。如今，太空技术广泛应用于各行各业，一些日用产品，如记忆海绵枕头、智能手机摄像头等，正在改变我们的生活。
　　最后，将航天员送入太空促使人们思考全球问题，甚至去寻找解决办法。看着我们星球的照片，犹如黑色汪洋大海中的一个小岛，人们意识到地球的资源是有限的。为了满足快速增长的人口需求，科学家们正在努力寻找有朝一日能够成为我们新家园的其他星球。目前最受关注的是火星，因为它离地球较近。未来，人类很可能居住在这两个星球上。
　　总而言之，太空探索给世界带来了种种好处。因此，这项事业应该继续下去，以便为人类（面临的）的长期问题和短期问题提供更好的更新的解决方案。
Step 3　背出彩佳句
一、夺人眼球开头句
1.Recently， our class had a heated discussion about whether to carry on space exploration.
最近，我们班就是否要进行太空探索展开了激烈的讨论。
2.Our class discussed whether to carry on space exploration or not.
我们班就是否进行太空探索展开了讨论。
3.As for the space exploration， different people have different opinions.
对于太空探索，不同的人有不同的看法。
二、亮点出彩篇中句
1.Space exploration has advantages and disadvantages.太空探索有利有弊。
2.Countries around the globe have made great progress in space exploration.世界各国在太空探索方面已经取得了很大进步。
3.There are some people who support the idea because they believe space exploration can improve a country’s comprehensive national strength.
有些人支持这个想法，因为他们认为太空探索可以提升一个国家的综合国力。
4.Exploring space has already made a great contribution to giving us more information about our solar system and universe.
探索太空在给我们提供更多关于太阳系和宇宙的信息方面做出了巨大贡献。
5.Some people think space exploration is a waste of time and money.
有些人认为太空探索浪费时间和金钱。
6.Astronauts who are sent into space are faced with many dangers and some even lose their lives.
进入太空的宇航员面临着许多危险，有些甚至会失去他们的生命。
7.The money spent on space exploration can be used to solve the Earth’s problems， such as pollution and starvation.
花在太空探索上的钱可以用来解决地球上的问题，如污染和饥饿。
三、韵味无穷结尾句
1.As the old saying goes，“Every coin has two sides.”常言道：“任何事情都有两面性。”
2.I think space exploration benefits the country and the people.我认为太空探索利国利民。
3.I hope our country will make greater progress in space exploration.
我希望我国在太空探索方面取得更大进步。
　　假定你是李华，最近你班举行了一次班会，班会的主题是“太空探索的意义”。请你结合下表内容，用英语给校报写一篇短文，客观地介绍讨论的情况并表达自己的观点。
赞同者 反对者
1.获得新知识； 2.从太空取得新资源； 3.扩大人类的生存空间 1.耗资巨大； 2.宇航员的安全问题
注意：1.写作词数应为80左右；
2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
一、合理布局，精心谋篇
第一段：选用合适的称呼语，提出论题；
第二段：列举正方观点和反方观点；
第三段：提出自己的观点——总结全文，言简意赅。
二、遣词造句，规范得体
1.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
在前几天的班会上，我们就太空探索是否必要进行了讨论。
2.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
人类可以在太空中找到新资源并加以利用。
3.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
他们说这种勘探花费太多的钱，而且宇航员做这样的工作是非常危险的。
三、恰当衔接，自然过渡
4.用被动语态改写句2
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
5.用not only ...but also ...升级句3
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
四、认真誊写，赏心悦目
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
核心词汇集释
argue vt.& vi.论证；争辩；争论
【教材原句】　Some people argue that we should stop wasting time and money exploring space.
有些人认为我们应该停止浪费时间和金钱去探索太空。
【用法】
（1）argue with sb （over/about sth）（就某事）与某人争（辩）论 argue for/against sth　据理赞成/反对某事 （2）argue sb into doing sth 说服某人做某事 argue sb out of doing sth说服某人不做某事 （3）argument n. 争论；争吵；论点
【佳句】　①I am writing the letter in the hope of arguing you out of being addicted to online games any longer.
我写这封信，希望说服你不要再沉迷于网络游戏了。
②There are strong arguments for and against capital punishment.
对于执行死刑，赞成与反对的双方都有强有力的论据。
【练透】　单句语法填空
①She has argued that wild animals 　　　　　　　　　　（leave） in the wild and not used for entertainment or advertisements.
【写美】　完成下面语段
②John 　　　　　　　　he could carry Bernard through the financial difficulty by selling popcorn.And John’s mother 　　　　　　　　his idea.Then John rushed to Bernard’s home to 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　in the market so as to earn some extra money.
约翰认为他可以通过卖爆米花帮助伯纳德渡过经济困难。约翰的妈妈赞成他的主意。接着，约翰冲向伯纳德的家说服他在市场卖爆米花以赚取一些额外的钱。
result in 导致；造成
【教材原句】　It has directly resulted in the many satellites that now orbit Earth.
如今环绕地球运行的众多卫星都直接归功于太空探索。
【用法】
（1）result from　　由于；由……造成 （2）as a result 结果，因此 as a result of 作为……的结果；因为……
【佳句】　As is known to all， failure usually results from laziness while diligence can result in success.众所周知，失败通常源于懒惰，而勤奋可以导致成功。
【写美】　一句多译
缺乏信心导致他工作面试失败。
→A lack of confidence 　　　　　　　　his failure in the job interview.
→His failure in the job interview 　　　　　　　　　　a lack of confidence.
→He lacked confidence， and 　　　　　　， he failed in the job interview.
limited adj.有限的
【教材原句】　Seeing pictures of our planet as an island in a black sea made people realise that our planet’s resources are limited.
看着我们星球的照片，犹如黑色汪洋大海中的一个小岛，人们意识到地球的资源是有限的。
【用法】
（1）limit ...to ...　　　把……限定在……之内 （2）There is no limit to ... ……是无限的 set a limit/limits on 设定……的限度 without limit 无限地，无限制地 （3）limitless adj. 无限制的
【佳句】　As a matter of fact， what we need is limited， but what we want is unlimited.
事实上，我们需要的是有限的，而我们想要的是无限的。
【练透】　单句语法填空
①A person’s life is 　　　　　　but serving the people is 　　　　　　.I want to devote my 　　　　　　life to serving the people 　　　　　　　　.（limit）
②Obviously， there is a limit 　　　　the amount of work we can get done in two weeks.
【写美】　完成句子
③It is required that the length of the article 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　or so.
要求文章的长度应限制在400词左右。
provide for sb 提供生活所需
【教材原句】　 In order to provide for such a rapidly increasing population， scientists are trying to find other planets that could one day be our new home.
为了满足快速增长的人口需求，科学家们正在努力寻找有朝一日能够成为我们新家园的其他星球。
【用法】
（1）provide sb with sth＝provide sth for sb给某人提供某物 （2）supply sb with sth＝supply sth to sb给某人提供某物 （3）offer sb sth＝offer sth to sb 给某人提供某物
【佳句】　①He worked hard to provide for his large family.
他努力工作以供养一大家子人。
②The school cafeteria strives to provide students with nutritious and balanced meals.
学校食堂努力为学生提供营养均衡的膳食。
③They used the money to supply the students with new textbooks.
他们用这笔钱为学生们提供新教科书。
【写美】　一句多译
您可以给我提供一些如何提高英语口语的建议吗？
→Would you please 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　on how to improve my oral English？（provide）
→Would you please 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　on how to improve my oral English 　　　　　　？（provide）
→Would you please 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　on how to improve my oral English？（supply）
→Would you please 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　on how to improve my oral English 　　　　　　？
→Would you please 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　on how to improve my oral English？
run out 用完；耗尽
【教材原句】　It is necessary to find a new home for people in space， as the resources on Earth will run out.为人们在太空找到一个新家是有必要的，因为地球上的资源将耗尽。
【用法】
run out of 　　　用完，用尽（主语通常为人） use up 用完，消耗尽（及物动词短语）
【佳句】　①Her money has run out and she is also running out of patience.
她的钱花光了，并且她的耐心也耗尽了。
②I’ve used up all my strength and energy.
我已经用尽了所有的力气和精力。
【点津】　（1）run out表示“用完，耗尽”，不及物动词短语，相当于give out；
（2）run out of 及物动词短语，相当于use up。
【练透】　单句语法填空
①Once the food runs 　　　　， the country will face hunger and starvation again.
②At that time he had used 　　　all his savings.
【写美】　一句多译
③我们应该提前买些食物，因为我们的食物很快就要吃光了。
→We should buy some food in advance because 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
→We should buy some food in advance because 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
attach vt.系；绑；贴
【教材原句】　While sleeping， they must attach themselves to something so as to prevent floating around.
在睡觉时，为了防止四处飘浮，他们必须把自己拴在某个东西上。
【用法】
（1）attach great importance to （doing） sth认为（做）某事有重要意义 attach ...to ...　　把……附在……上 （2）be attached to ... 喜欢……；附属于……
【佳句】　Seeing the yellow handkerchiefs attached to the tree，the man realised that his wife was still attached to him.So he headed to his home， with his heart beating excitedly.
看到系在树上的黄手帕，这个人意识到他的妻子仍然爱他。因此，他大踏步地向家走去，心激动地狂跳。
【练透】　单句语法填空
①I wonder if you have attached a recent photo 　　　　your application form.
②With more importance 　　　　　　（attach） to traditional culture these years， hanfu has become increasingly popular.
【写美】　完成句子
③I 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　regularly because this can widen my view.
我认为经常读英文报非常重要，因为这会扩大我的视野。
重点句型解构
句型公式：be＋形容词＋to do
【教材原句】　It is necessary to find a new home for people in space， as the resources on Earth will run out.
为人们在太空找到一个新家是有必要的，因为地球上的资源将耗尽。
【用法】
（1）在“be＋形容词＋to do”结构中，形容词多为表示主语的性质、特征的词，如easy、 hard、 difficult、 interesting、 heavy、 pleasant、 good等。 （2）当动词不定式与句子的主语是动宾关系且是不及物动词时，应在该不及物动词后加上适当的介词。
【品悟】　In my opinion， the plan designed by our manager is hard to carry out.
在我看来，我们经理制定的这个计划很难实行。
【写美】　完成句子
①When he arrived there， he instantly found that the problem 　　　　　　　　　　　　.
当他到达那里时，立刻发现这个问题很难处理。
②As far as I know， he 　　　　　　　　　　　　.
据我所知，他很容易相处。
③In summer， fresh air 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　and natural scenery 　　　　　　　　　　.
在夏季，人们可以神清气爽地呼吸新鲜空气，愉悦地享受自然风光。
句型公式：倍数表达法
【教材原句】　Olympus Mons， the largest volcano on Mars， is about twice as high as Mount Qomolangma.
奥林匹斯山是火星上最大的火山，高度大约是珠穆朗玛峰的两倍。
【用法】
（1）A is＋倍数＋as＋形容词＋as B； （2）A is＋倍数＋比较级＋than B； （3）A is＋倍数＋the＋名词（size/weight/length/height/...） ＋of＋B
【品悟】　The metal box is three times heavier than the plastic one.
这个金属箱子是塑料箱子的四倍重。
【写美】　一句多译
在建的新体育馆将是操场的三倍大。
→The new stadium being built will be 　　　　　　　　　　the playground.（than）
→The new stadium being built will be 　　　　　　　　　　the playground.（as ...as）
→The new stadium being built will be 　　　　　　　　　　the playground.（size）
情感 描写 ①keen adj.热衷的；渴望的 ②intelligent adj.有智慧的；聪明的；有智力的 ③determined adj.有决心的；意志坚定的 ④disappoint vt.使失望 disappointed adj.失望的；沮丧的 disappointing adj.令人失望的 disappointment n.失望；沮丧 ⑤desire n.渴望；欲望 vt.渴望；期望
动作 描写 ①leap vi.& vt.跳过；跃过 ②signal vt.& vi.标志着；标明；发信号 ③float vi.浮动；漂流；漂浮 vt.使浮动；使漂流 ④lack vt.没有；缺乏 ⑤argue vt.& vi.论证；争辩；争论 ⑥provide for sb 提供生活所需 ⑦run out用完；耗尽
第一步：完成句子雏形现
1.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 fiercely， I stormed out of the house， slamming the door heavily.
和妈妈大吵之后，我冲出房子，并重重地关上门。
2.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　， I felt like floating in an ocean of limitless sadness.
既失望又沮丧，我感觉好像漂浮在无限悲伤的海洋里。
3.Later， I stood beside a stand and 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
后来，我站在一个摊位旁，由于缺钱叹了口气。
4.The seller noticed my dilemma， 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
摊主注意到了我的窘境，微笑着向我打招呼，示意我坐下。
5.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
我感动地哭了。
6.The seller smiled，“Girl， your mother 　　　　　　　　　　　　since you were born！”
摊主微笑道：“孩子，正是你的妈妈从你出生那天起就一直在为你提供生活所需！”
7.I wiped my tears， 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
我擦干眼泪，跳了起来，像风一样跑回家。
第二步：句式升级造亮点
8.把句6合并升级为强调句
The seller smiled，“Girl， 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　！”
第三步：过渡衔接连成篇
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
提示：完成课后作业　UNIT 4　Section Ⅳ
9 / 10Section Ⅲ　Discovering Useful Structures
动词不定式
　①Today， scientists design vehicles to carry astronauts into space to make important discoveries.
②Space exploration has come a long way， and we now hope to discover other planets that are suitable enough to support life.
③However， while such disasters brought much sadness and disappointment， the desire to explore the universe did not die.
④China became the third country in the world to independently send humans into space in 2003 ...
⑤On 23 July 2020， China sent Tianwen 1 to explore the surface of Mars.
⑥And from 2021 to 2022， China completed a number of rocket missions to establish its own space station.
⑦This modern space station will allow astronauts to conduct many important experiments ...
⑧Many countries have plans to further study planets like Mars and Jupiter.
⑨Despite the difficulties， scientists hope to make more valuable discoveries that will enable the human race to survive well into the future.
【我的发现】
　（1）句　　　　为动词不定式作状语。
（2）句　　　　为动词不定式作定语。
（3）句　　　　为动词不定式作宾语。
（4）句　　　　为动词不定式作宾语补足语。
一、动词不定式的时态和语态
　 　语态 时态　 　 主动形式 被动形式
一般式 to do to be done
进行式 to be doing —
完成式 to have done to have been done
否定形式 在to前加not 在to前加not
My father has decided to cut out smoking.
我的父亲已经决定戒烟了。
The meeting to be held tomorrow is of great importance.
明天要举行的会议很重要。
I’m very sorry to have kept you sitting around doing nothing.
让你一直无所事事地闲坐着我感到很抱歉。
【即时演练1】　用所给词的适当形式填空
①I am honoured 　　　　　　（deliver） a speech at the opening ceremony on behalf of our school.
②The question 　　　　　　　　　　（discuss） tomorrow is about the pollution.
③The book is said to 　　　　　　　　　　（translate） into four languages so far.
④The little boy pretended 　　　　　　　（read） the book when his teacher entered the classroom.
二、动词不定式作定语
　动词不定式作定语修饰名词或代词，动词不定式和它所修饰的词之间有逻辑上的动宾关系、主谓关系、动状关系或同位关系。动词不定式通常要放在这些被修饰词的后面。
1.动词不定式作定语常放在名词或不定代词后面作后置定语，表示尚未发生的动作。
I have something important to tell you.
我有重要的事要告诉你。
2.名词前有first、 last、 next、 only等词以及最高级修饰时，其后要用动词不定式作后置定语。
She was the first woman to win the gold medal in the Olympic Games.
她是第一位在奥运会上获得金牌的女性。
3.抽象名词attempt、 ability、 chance、 desire、 opportunity、 courage、 plan、 way或不定代词something、 nothing等后面常用动词不定式作后置定语。
Janis Adkins has the ability and desire to do useful work.
詹尼斯·阿德金斯有能力和愿望去做有用的工作。
This can be useful for business such as restaurants and stores because it offers a new way to attract customers.
这对饭店和商店这样的生意很有用，因为它提供了新的吸引顾客的方法。
4.当名词与定语之间存在主谓关系时，要用动词不定式作定语。
We must find a person to do the job.
我们必须找一个做这份工作的人。
名师点津
（1）动词不定式作定语时，要放在它所修饰的名词或代词后面。
Attention， please.The astronaut has something important to say.
请注意，这名宇航员有重要的事情要说。
（2）如果动词不定式是不及物动词，后面就应有必要的介词。
Give me a piece of paper to write on.
给我一张纸写字。
【即时演练2】　单句语法填空
①In many homes in the UK， the first person 　　　　　　（wake） up has to make tea for the family.
②The airport 　　　　　　　（complete） next year will help promote tourism in this area.
③（2023·新课标Ⅰ卷）We’re all changing and learning all the time and mistakes are a positive way 　　　　　　（develop） and grow.
④Carol was happy that she had the chance 　　　　　　　　（experience） the life in the city.
⑤These courses offer us opportunities 　　　　　　　　（improve） our abilities to appreciate art.
三、动词不定式作状语
　动词不定式在句中作状语，主要用来表示目的、原因及结果等。
1.作目的状语，置于句首或句末，置于句首时常表示强调。为加强语气，常与in order to或so as to 组成短语。
To get some work experience， I intend to take up a part-time job in summer vacation.为了获得一些工作经验，我打算在暑假做一份兼职。
In order to improve customer satisfaction， the company offered a loyalty rewards program.
为了提高顾客的满意度，公司推出了忠诚奖励计划。
She asked me to drive her to the airport so as to catch the 5：00 plane.为了赶上5点的飞机，她让我开车把她送到机场。
2.作原因状语，多用于“sb＋be＋adj.＋to do ...”结构中。
I’m disappointed to hear you lack the patience.
听说你缺乏耐心我很失望。
If so， you may be surprised to learn that libraries have changed for the better.
如果这样的话，你可能会很惊讶地发现图书馆已经变得更好了。
3.作结果状语，多用于too ...to ...、 enough to ...、 only to do （表示意料之外的结果的发生）、 so/such ...as to ...（如此……以至于……）结构中。
The Californian ship arrived too late to save more people.
加利福尼亚号来得太晚，没能挽救更多人。
The boy is old enough to take care of himself.
这个男孩足够大了，能照顾他自己了。
He hurried to the agency only to find the manager had left.
他匆忙赶到代理处，却发现经理已经离开了。
She is （so） proud as to look down upon others.
她太骄傲了，看不起别人。
4.独立的动词不定式多用作插入语，表示说话人的心理状态或对事情的看法。
To make matters worse， e-dictionaries mean more pollution than paper dictionaries.
更糟糕的是，电子词典比传统纸质词典污染更严重。
名师点津
动词不定式与动词-ing形式作结果状语的区别：
（1）动词不定式作结果状语强调的是一种意想不到的结果。
Anxiously， she took the dress out of the package and tried it on， only to find it didn’t fit.
她焦急地从包裹中取出裙子，然后试穿了一下，结果发现它不合身。
（2）动词-ing形式作结果状语强调的是一种顺承的、必然造成的结果。
He failed his exam， making his father angry.
他考试不及格，使他父亲很生气。
【即时演练3】　单句语法填空
①　　　　　　 （learn） more about Chinese culture， Jack has decided to take Chinese folk music as an elective course.
②Without a second thought， Paul drove the car quickly back to the two cyclists， only 　　　　　　（find） they were gone.
③When the gorillas and I frightened each other， I was just glad 　　　　　　（find） them alive.
④Would you be so kind as 　　　　　　（spare） some time to come and join us？
lack n.缺乏；短缺 vt.没有；缺乏
【教材原句】　Astronauts’ bones and muscles can get very weak in space due to the lack of gravity， so they need to exercise every day， which will help them stay healthy.由于缺乏重力，宇航员的骨骼和肌肉在太空中会变得非常虚弱，所以他们需要每天锻炼，这将有助于他们保持健康。
【用法】
（1）（a） lack of ...　　　　缺少…… for lack of ... 由于缺乏…… （2）lacking adj. 缺乏的；缺少的 be lacking in sth 缺少某物
【佳句】　①The reason why he failed in the driving test was that he lacked confidence in himself.
他驾照考试失败的原因是对他自己缺乏信心。
②The project had to be abandoned for lack of funds.工程因资金缺乏只得放弃。
③He carried on with the project although he was lacking in experience.
尽管他缺乏经验，他还是把这个项目进行了下去。
【写美】　一句多译
因缺乏自信，我站在舞台上，低着头，双腿不受控制地颤抖。 （读后续写之动作描写）
→　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　， I stood on the stage，with my head lowered and my legs trembling without control.
→Because 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　，I stood on the stage，with my head lowered and my legs trembling without control.
→Because 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　， I stood on the stage， with my head lowered and my legs trembling without control.
beyond prep.在更远处；超出
【教材原句】　Sending people to other planets or even beyond the solar system is not an easy goal to achieve.
把人们送到其他星球，甚至是超出太阳系并不是很容易就能实现的目标。
【用法】
beyond words　　　　　难以言喻 beyond one’s reach 够不着 beyond expectation 出乎意料 beyond control 失去控制 beyond repair 无法修理 beyond sb 使某人无法想象（或理解、做等）
【佳句】　Unfortunately， my car was beyond control.As a result， it ran into a tree and it was beyond repair.
不幸的是，我的车失去了控制。结果，它撞上了一棵树，无法修理了。
【练透】　单句语法填空
①I should have told you in advance， but something happened beyond my 　　　　　　（expect）.
【写美】　完成句子
②I couldn’t allow you to be admitted into the club， because it was 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
我不能允许你进入俱乐部，因为这超出了我的权力。
③I turned to my teacher for help， for 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
我向老师寻求帮助，因为我无法理解整个问题。
提示：完成课后作业　UNIT 4　Section Ⅲ
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