UNIT 2 MORALS AND VIRTUES
When I do good， I feel good.When I do bad， I feel bad.That’s my religion. —Abraham Lincoln 当我做好事时，我感觉良好；当我做坏事时，我感觉很糟糕。这就是我的信仰。 ——亚伯拉罕·林肯
Successful people are always looking for opportunities to help others.Unsuccessful people are always asking，“What’s in it for me？” —Brian Tracy 成功人士总是在寻找机会帮助别人，不成功的人总是在问：“这对我有什么好处？” ——布莱恩·特雷西
You can have everything you want in life if you just help enough people get what they want in life. —Zig Ziglar 如果你能帮助足够多的人得到他们想要的东西，你就能得到你想要的一切。 ——金克拉 It is literally true that you can succeed best and quickest by helping others to succeed. —Napoleon Hill 通过帮助他人成功，你可以获得最好、最快的成功，这是千真万确的。 ——拿破仑·希尔
1 / 2Section Ⅱ Reading and Thinking
MOTHER OF TEN THOUSAND BABIES
“Life is precious① . ...[1]To a person nothing is more precious than their life， and if they entrust② me with that life， how could I refuse that trust， saying I’m cold， hungry， or tired？” These words of Dr Lin Qiaozhi give us a look into the heart of this amazing woman， and what carried her through③a life of hard choices.
As a five-year-old girl， Lin Qiaozhi was deeply affected by her mother’s death.[2]At age 18， instead of following the traditional path of marriage④ like the majority⑤ of girls， she chose to work and study. “Why should girls learn so much？ Finding a good husband should be their final goal！” her brother complained⑥， thinking of the high tuition⑦ fees⑧.[3]She responded⑨， “I’d rather stay single to study all my life！” Later， she went on to study medicine as she had wished.
In 1929， Lin graduated from Peking Union⑩ Medical College （PUMC） with the Wenhai Scholarship ， the highest prize given to graduates.[4]She immediately became the first woman ever to be hired as a resident physician in the OB-GYN department of the PUMC Hospital.Within six months， she was named a chief resident physician， a position that usually took four years to achieve.After working for a few years， she was sent to study in Europe and then， in 1939， in the US.She greatly impressed her American colleagues ， who invited her to stay.Dr Lin， however， rejected the offer.She wanted to serve the women and children at home.
[1]句中nothing is more precious than their life 为“否定词＋形容词比较级＋than ...”结构，表示最高级的含义。动词-ing形式saying ...作伴随状语。
[2]following the traditional path ...是动词-ing短语作宾语。
[3]would rather do ...宁愿做……
[4]在the first、 the second、 the last、 the next、 the only等词和形容词最高级后，或在被这些词修饰的名词、代词后，常用动词不定式作后置定语。
In 1941， Dr Lin became the first Chinese woman ever to be appointed director of the OB-GYN department of the PUMC Hospital， but just a few months later， the department was closed because of the war.[5]Thinking of all the people still in need of help， Dr Lin opened a private clinic .She charged very low fees to treat patients and often reduced costs for poor patients.At times she was even seen riding a donkey to faraway villages to provide medical care.
[6]The new People’s Republic of China saw Dr Lin Qiaozhi playing a key role. In 1954， she was elected to the first National People’s Congress and， over the next several decades ， she held many important positions.Her heart， however， was elsewhere .She was more interested in tending patients， publishing medical research on care for women and children， and training the next generation of doctors.“The OB-GYN department cares for two lives，” she told new staff in her department.“As doctors， we should be responsible for the patients and treat them as our sisters.”
Though Lin Qiaozhi never married， she was known as the “mother of ten thousand babies”， having delivered over 50，000 babies in her lifetime.[7]Dr Lin did not retire until the day she died， 22 April 1983.Since she had no children of her own ， she left her savings to a kindergarten and a fund for new doctors.And even as she lay dying， her final thoughts were for others.“I’m ready to go，” she said.“Don’t try to rescue me any more.Don’t waste the medicine any more.”
[5]Thinking of all the people still in need of help ...是动词-ing短语作状语。
[6]playing a key role是动词-ing短语作宾语补足语。
[7]not ...until ...直到……才……
【读文清障】
①precious adj.珍稀的；宝贵的
②entrust vt.委托；交付
③carry sb through sth
帮助某人渡过难关
④marriage n.结婚；婚姻
⑤majority n.大部分；大多数
⑥complain vi.& vt.抱怨；发牢骚
⑦tuition n.（小组）教学；讲课
⑧fee n.专业服务费；报酬
tuition fees学费
⑨respond vt.回答；回复
vi.做出反应；回应
response n.反应；回答；回复
⑩union n.协会；联合会；工会
scholarship n.奖学金
hire vt.聘任；雇用；租用
n.租借；租用
physician n.医师；（尤指）内科医生
resident physician
住院医师
colleague n.同事；同僚
reject vt.拒绝接受；不录用
rejection n.拒绝接受；否决
appoint vt.任命；委派
clinic n.诊所；门诊部
faraway adj.遥远的
elect vt.选举；推选
election n.选举；推选；当选
decade n.十年；十年期
elsewhere adv.在别处；去别处
tend vt.照顾；照料
vi.倾向；趋于
tend to do sth
易于做某事；往往会发生某事
publish vt.发表（作品）；出版
staff n.员工；全体职员
be responsible for ...对……负责
be known as ...作为……而出名
retire vi.& vt.退休；退职；退出
of one’s own 属于某人自己的
saving n.节省物；节省；节约；[pl.] 储蓄金；存款
kindergarten n.学前班；幼儿园
【参考译文】
万婴之母
“生命是宝贵的。……对一个人来说，没有什么比他们的生命更加珍贵了。而现在这个人对你说，我把生命交给你，那么你还说什么呢？你冷？你饿？你困？”林巧稚医生这一席话使我们得以窥见这位非凡女性的内心世界，并了解是什么支撑她度过充满艰难抉择的一生。
林巧稚五岁时母亲病故，这对她影响极大。十八岁时，她没有像大多数的女孩那样走上婚姻这一传统道路，而是选择工作和学习。“女孩子读那么多书干嘛？找个好丈夫才是她们的归宿！”她的兄弟一想到高昂的学费就这么抱怨。她回答：“我宁愿一辈子不嫁人，也要学医！”后来，如她所愿她继续学医。
1929年，林巧稚从北京协和医学院毕业，并获得了该校毕业生的最高荣誉奖——“文海”奖学金。她随即成为北京协和医院妇产科聘任的第一位女住院医师。不到六个月，她就成了住院主任医师，而升任这一职位通常需要四年时间。工作了几年之后，她被派往欧洲学习，之后于1939年又赴美学习。美国同行对她印象极佳，邀请她留下。但是，林医生谢绝了邀请。她希望服务祖国的妇女和儿童。
1941年，林医生成为北京协和医院妇产科的首位中国籍女主任，但是仅仅数月之后，妇产科就因为战争而关闭。想到还有那么多人需要帮助，林医生开办了一间私人诊所。她向病人收取的治疗费用极低，而且经常为穷苦病人减免费用。有时人们甚至会看到她骑着毛驴去遥远的村庄给人看病。
中华人民共和国成立后，林巧稚医生发挥了更大的作用。1954年，她当选第一届全国人大代表；在随后的几十年间，她担任许多重要职位。然而，她的心却在别处。她更感兴趣的是治病救人、发表妇幼护理医学研究成果、培养下一代的医生。“妇产科救治的是母婴两条生命，”她对科室新入职的医务人员说道，“作为医生，我们必须对患者负责，视她们如姐妹。”
虽然林巧稚终身未婚，但是她被称为“万婴之母”，她一生中亲手接生的婴儿有五万多名。林医生坚守在岗位上，直到1983年4月22日她去世的那一天。由于自己没有孩子，她把积蓄捐给了一家幼儿园和一项新医生基金。即使在她弥留之际，她最后惦念的仍是他人。“我要走了，”她说，“不要再抢救了，不要再浪费药品了。”
第一步：析架构理清脉络
1.Skim the text and fill in the blanks.
2.What’s the main idea of the text？（ ）
A.Dr Lin’s road to success.
B.Dr Lin’s contributions to society.
C.How Dr Lin made choices in her life.
D.How Dr Lin delivered babies in the hospital.
第二步：知细节明察秋毫
1.What did Dr Lin Qiaozhi think was the most precious？（ ）
A.Medicine. B.Choice.
C.Marriage. D.Life.
2.What made Lin Qiaozhi’s brother angry with her？（ ）
A.Her mother’s death.
B.Her goal to study medicine.
C.Her decision to be single.
D.Her marriage like most girls.
3.What can we learn from the last paragraph？（ ）
A.Lin married very late.
B.Lin adopted many babies.
C.Lin died while working.
D.Lin founded a kindergarten.
4.Which of the following can best describe Dr Lin？（ ）
A.Smart and careful.
B.Positive and confident.
C.Serious and patient.
D.Hard-working and kind.
第三步：品佳句妙笔生辉
Read the passage carefully and find the sentences describing Lin Qiaozhi’s selfless devotion to her work.
第四步：抒己见提升思维
1.What kind of person do you think Dr Lin was？
2.What was the main principle guiding Dr Lin through the choices in her life？
第五步：辨难句拆分解读
1.To a person nothing is more precious than their life， and if they entrust me with that life， how could I refuse that trust， saying I’m cold， hungry， or tired？
句式分析
自主翻译
2.Though Lin Qiaozhi never married， she was known as the “mother of ten thousand babies”， having delivered over 50，000 babies in her lifetime.
句式分析
自主翻译
核心词汇集释
majority n.大部分；大多数
【教材原句】 At age 18， instead of following the traditional path of marriage like the majority of girls， she chose to work and study.
十八岁时，她没有像大多数的女孩那样走上婚姻这一传统道路，而是选择了工作和学习。
【用法】
（1）the majority of ... 大多数…… be in the majority 占大部分/大多数 （2）major vi. 主修 n. 主修课程 adj. 主要的；重要的 major in 主修……；以……为专业
【佳句】 Nowadays， the majority of students have developed a strong interest in the subject of physics.
如今，大多数学生对物理学科产生了浓厚的兴趣。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①Though the majority （be） against the plan， the manager still asked his staff to carry it out.
【写美】 词汇升级
②A recent survey suggests that many students tend to learn English by listening to English songs.
→A recent survey suggests that students tend to learn English by listening to English songs.
complain vi.& vt.抱怨；发牢骚
【教材原句】 “Why should girls learn so much？ Finding a good husband should be their final goal！” her brother complained， thinking of the high tuition fees.“女孩子读那么多书干嘛？找个好丈夫才是她们的归宿！”她的兄弟一想到高昂的学费就这么抱怨。
【用法】
（1）complain to sb 向某人抱怨，发牢骚 complain about sth 抱怨某事 （2）complaint n. 投诉，抱怨，怨言 make a complaint about 抱怨……；投诉……
【佳句】 ①The daughter complained to her father about her life and how things were so hard for her.女儿向父亲抱怨她的生活，她觉得凡事都很艰难。
②I’ve made a complaint to the police about the noise.我已就噪音问题向警方投诉。
【点津】 complain 不能直接跟人作宾语，应加介词to。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①I feel it no use （complain）；instead， I should take action immediately.
②It was obvious that all my （complain） about the service of your restaurants were useless.
【写美】 完成句子
③I’m writing to the poor service of your hotel.
我写信是投诉你们酒店的服务不好。
④We’ve about product quality.
我们收到其中一位顾客对产品质量的投诉。
respond vt.回答；回复vi.做出反应；回应
【教材原句】 She responded，“I’d rather stay single to study all my life！”
她回答：“我宁愿一辈子不嫁人，也要学医！”
【用法】
（1）respond to 对……做出反应或回应 respond that ... 回答说…… （2）response n. 反应；回答；回复 in response （to ...） 作为（对……）的答复 make （a） response to 回答；对……做出回应
【佳句】 When asked about how to improve Chinese， he responded that we should listen to and speak Chinese every day.
当被问到如何提高汉语时，他答复说我们应该每天听汉语、说汉语。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①I would be grateful if you could respond my message at your earliest convenience.
②The exhibition has received a positive （respond） from visitors.
【写美】 完成句子
③ ， the play will be put on in the theatre twice a week.
为了响应观众的强烈要求，这出戏将在这个剧院一周上演两次。
reject vt.拒绝接受；不录用
【教材原句】 Dr Lin， however， rejected the offer.但是，林医生谢绝了邀请。
【用法】
（1）reject an offer 拒绝接受一项提议 reject a suggestion 拒绝接受一个建议 （2）rejection n. 拒绝接受；否决
【佳句】 Children feel abandoned or rejected if they don’t see their parents regularly.
如果孩子们不能经常见到父母，他们会感到被抛弃或被拒绝。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①His proposal was by his manager at the meeting.The made him feel horrible.（reject）
【写美】 完成句子
②I applied for a job as a mechanic in a local garage， but .
我申请了当地一家汽车修理厂的机械师工作，但被拒绝了。
appoint vt.任命；委派
【教材原句】 In 1941， Dr Lin became the first Chinese woman ever to be appointed director of the OB-GYN department of the PUMC Hospital， but just a few months later， the department was closed because of the war.1941年，林医生成为北京协和医院妇产科的首位中国籍女主任，但是仅仅数月之后，妇产科就因为战争而关闭。
【用法】
（1）appoint sb to do sth 委派某人做某事 appoint sb as/to be＋职务 任命某人担任某职务 （2）appointment n. 约会；任命 make an appointment with sb 与某人约会 （3）appointed adj. 约定的；指定的
【佳句】 Learning that you are appointed as the chairman of the student union， I am writing to send my sincere congratulations to you.（祝贺信）
得知你被任命为学生会主席，我写信向你致以诚挚的祝贺。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①If you want to see the doctor， you’d better make an （appoint） with him in advance.
②I strongly suggest that you should arrive on time or earlier than the （appoint） time，which is significant to show your politeness.
【写美】 完成句子
③ ， I am terribly sorry for not keeping you company to the bookshop .
由于已经和医生预约，我非常抱歉不能在约定的时间陪你去书店了。
elect vt.选举；推选
【教材原句】 In 1954， she was elected to the first National People’s Congress and， over the next several decades， she held many important positions.
1954年，她当选第一届全国人大代表；在随后的几十年间，她担任许多重要职位。
【用法】
（1）elect sb to be/as ... 选举某人为…… （2）election n. 选举；推选；当选
【佳句】 ①We elected James to be chairman.
＝James was elected as chairman.
我们选举詹姆斯为主席。
②In America， presidential elections are held every four years.
在美国，总统选举每四年举行一次。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①She became the first woman （elect） to the Senate.
②If I have the honour to win the （elect）， I’ll try to organise as many activities as possible.
【写美】 完成句子
③The group .
该团体选出一名成员作为他们的发言人。
tend vt.照顾；照料 vi.倾向；趋于
【教材原句】 She was more interested in tending patients， publishing medical research on care for women and children， and training the next generation of doctors.
她更感兴趣的是治病救人、发表妇幼护理医学研究成果、培养下一代的医生。
【用法】
（1）tend to do/be ... 易于/趋向…… tend （to） sb/sth 照顾某人/物 （2）tendency n. 趋向；倾向 There is a tendency that ... 有一种趋势/倾向 have a tendency to do sth 倾向于做某事；喜欢做某事
【佳句】 Parents tend to believe that they need to provide their children with good living conditions.父母往往认为他们要为孩子们提供良好的生活条件。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①There is a growing （tend） among middle school students that they will do some voluntary work during their vacations.
【写美】 词汇升级
②It is because my mother has looked after me carefully that I have recovered from the disease so quickly.
→It is because my mother has me carefully that I have recovered from the disease so quickly.
retire vi.& vt.退休；退职；退出
【教材原句】 Dr Lin did not retire until the day she died， 22 April 1983.
林医生坚守在岗位上，直到1983年4月22日她去世的那一天。
【用法】
（1）retire from ... 从……退休 retire as ... 以……身份退休 （2）retirement n. 退休；退职 retired adj. 已退休的；已退职的
【佳句】 ①He was forced to retire early from his position because of poor health.
由于身体不好，他被迫提前从该职位退下来。
②He announced his retirement as chief executive of the company.
他宣布辞去公司首席执行官的职务。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①At age 68， he （retire） from the post office， but he never stopped serving the community.
②A （retire） engineer， 76-year-old Wilson， has been offering free rides to college students for the past eight years.
【写美】 完成句子
③ ， she has done voluntary work for a charity.从公司退休后，她一直在一家慈善机构做志愿工作。
scared adj.害怕的；对……感到惊慌或恐惧的
【教材原句】 She was so scared during the interview that she completely forgot how she should respond to the questions.她在面试中非常害怕，以至于完全忘记了自己应该如何回答这些问题。
【用法】
（1）scare sb into doing sth 威胁/恐吓某人做某事 scare sb/sth away/off 把某人/物吓跑 （2）be scared
【佳句】 When the other passengers were scared to death， that child was completely calm and brave.当其他乘客都被吓得要死时，那个孩子却十分冷静，毫不畏惧。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①They made very loud noises in order to scare the birds .
【写美】 一句多译
②我们害怕会被凶猛的熊伤害。
→We by the fierce bear.
→We by the fierce bear.
→We by the fierce bear.
energetic adj.精力充沛的；充满活力的
【教材原句】 One of the advantages of hiring energetic and positive young people is that they tend to show interest in their work and they are eager to learn.雇用精力充沛、积极向上的年轻人的好处之一是，他们往往对自己的工作表现出兴趣，而且渴望学习。
【用法】
（1）feel energetic 感到精力充沛 （2）energy n. 能量；精力 be full of energy 精力旺盛
【佳句】 It can help me keep healthy and energetic as well as provides me with a chance to make friends.
它可以帮助我保持健康和精力充沛，并为我提供一个交朋友的机会。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①I’d like to offer some suggestions on how to keep healthy and （energy）.
②I’m going to devote all my （energy） to getting a better job.
【写美】 完成句子
③It’s necessary for you to eat more fruit， which will .
你有必要多吃点水果，这能给你提供足够的能量。
replace vt.接替；取代；更换；把……放回原处
【教材原句】 The student union will hold a special meeting in January to elect someone to replace the secretary.
学生会将在一月份举行一次特别会议，选举一个人接替这位秘书。
【用法】
replace A with/by B 以B代替/替换A replace sth 代替某物/某事
【佳句】 ①As far as I’m concerned， traditional classes can’t be replaced by online ones.
就我而言，传统课程不能被网课所代替。
②Tourism has replaced agriculture as the nation’s main industry.
旅游业已取代农业成为这个国家的主要产业。
【联想】 与replace词义相近的其他短语：
①take the place of ②take one’s place
③in place of ④instead of
【练透】 单句语法填空
①As far as I’m concerned， it is not a good idea to miss meals and replace them snacks.
②It would be difficult to find a man （replace） the present manager.
【写美】 一句多译
③我非常高兴代替我的同事在开幕式上作演讲。
→I am very pleased to my colleague to deliver a speech at the opening ceremony.
→I am very pleased to deliver a speech at the opening ceremony my colleague.
重点句型解构
句型公式：“否定词＋形容词/副词比较级＋than ...”表示最高级含义
【教材原句】 To a person nothing is more precious than their life， and if they entrust me with that life， how could I refuse that trust， saying I’m cold， hungry， or tired？
对一个人来说，没有什么比他们的生命更加珍贵了。而现在这个人对你说，我把生命交给你，那么你还说什么呢？你冷？你饿？你困？
【用法】
表示最高级含义的常用表达法： （1）否定词＋so/as＋形容词/副词原级＋as （2）can/could＋never/not ...enough/too ...再……也不过分
【品悟】 When learning that I won the first prize in the writing contest， I had never been more excited. （2023·新课标Ⅰ卷）
当得知我在写作比赛中获得第一名时，我从来没有这么兴奋过。
【写美】 完成句子/ 一句多译
①In the face of disasters， .
在灾难面前，没有什么比人的生命更珍贵。
②You while driving a car in any case.
在任何情况下，开车越小心越好。
③汤姆是我们班最勤奋的学生。
→Tom is in our class.
→ Tom in our class.
句型公式：the＋序数词＋名词＋to do sth
【教材原句】 She immediately became the first woman ever to be hired as a resident physician in the OB-GYN department of the PUMC Hospital.
她随即成为北京协和医院妇产科聘任的第一位女住院医师。
【用法】
（1）当中心词是序数词或被序数词、形容词最高级等修饰或前有the only， the last， the right等时，常用动词不定式作后置定语。 （2）在time， way， chance， ability， promise等抽象名词后常用动词不定式作后置定语。
【品悟】 Jack was the first person to think of a good idea to help Bernard make money by making popcorn.杰克是第一个想到一个好办法来帮助伯纳德通过做爆米花赚钱的人。
【写美】 完成句子
①Yang Liwei is not only but also one of the greatest astronauts in the world.
杨利伟不仅是第一个进入太空的中国人，还是世界上最伟大的宇航员之一。
②He is that difficult maths problem.
他是第一个解出那道数学难题的学生。
提示：完成课后作业 UNIT 2 Section Ⅱ
12 / 12单元素养提升
◇本单元语法学了什么内容？ ◇自我评价
◇本单元写作练了哪个方面？
一、 核心单词写对
1. adj.道德的；道义上的
n.品行；道德；寓意
2. n.专业服务费；报酬
3. vt.聘任；雇用；租用
n.租借；租用
4. n.医师；（尤指）内科医生
5. n.诊所；门诊部
6. adv.在别处；去别处
7. vt.照顾；照料
vi.倾向；趋于
8. vt.发表（作品）；出版
9. n.员工；全体职员
10. n.节省物；节省；节约；
[pl.] 储蓄金；存款
11. n.学前班；幼儿园
12. n.道德原则；法则；原则
13. adj.被动的；顺从的
14. n.保险；保险业
15. vt.接替；取代；更换
16. vi.& vt.悄声说；耳语；低语
n.耳语（声）；低语（声）；传言；谣传
17. n.子夜；午夜
18. vt.& vi.咬；叮；蜇
n.咬；（咬下的）一口；咬伤
19. n.一连串（人或事）；链子；链条
20. vt.装扮；假扮；掩盖
n.伪装；化装用具
21. n.眼泪；泪水
22. n.（网球等的）球场；法院；法庭
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1.Almost all of my classmates voted for me to be the class speaker， and I got a $3，000 college （奖学金）.
2.In the last several （十年）， our Earth has been severely polluted.
3.I hold the strong belief that I will get my （收入） improved through my great efforts.
4.We expect you to provide some （宝贵的）suggestions on English learning for our students.
5.As is known to all， it’s a （美德） to give a hand to those in need， especially in such a competitive and stressful society.
6. （因此）， students should spare more time for English reading rather than watching movies or listening to music too much.
7.He only gave an embarrassed smile when I （洒出） the water onto him.
8.In spite of many dilemmas， I have never fallen into （绝望）.
9.He came from a poor family in a f mountain village.
10.To her disappointment， she was r by all the universities she had applied to.
11.My brother is proud to be elected c of the student union.
12.The time we spent together is now a distant m .
二、拓展词汇用活
1. vi.& vt.抱怨；发牢骚→complaint n.抱怨；牢骚
2. vt.选举；推选→election n.选举；推选；当选→elective adj.选举的；选修的
3. vi.& vt.退休；退职；退出→retirement n.退休；退职
4. adj.（增长、下跌等）急剧的；锋利的；明显的→sharpen v.（使）变得锋利；（使）提高→sharply adv.急剧地
5. n.手术；企业；经营→operate vt.& vi.动手术；经营；操作→operator n.操作员；经营者；话务员
6. n.出口；出口商品 vt.出口；输出；传播→import n.进口；进口商品 vt.进口；输入；引进
7. vt.帮助；援助→assistance n.帮助；援助→assistant n.助手；助理
8. n.紧张关系；紧张；焦虑→tense adj.紧张的；焦虑的
Ⅱ.用所给词的适当形式填空
1.It is the common knowledge that smoking is （harm） to our health.
2.①True （marry） requires a couple to show trust and faith in each other.
②They fell in love at first sight， and three months later， they got （marry）.
3.I looked in her face for some （respond）， but she just stared at me blankly.
4.He knew I was （energy） and dynamic and would get things done.
5.One of the problems is that a of the graduates who in English find it difficult to find a good job.（majority）
6.Mary had promised to wait at the shopping center， but she failed to keep the （appoint）， so I was very angry.
三、重点短语用准
1. 帮助某人渡过难关
2. 易于做某事；往往会发生某事
3. 把某物/事托付给某人
4. 起关键作用；充当重要角色
5. 对……负责
6. 急救
7. 去世
8. 作为对……的纪念
9. 被……绊倒
10. 流着泪；含着泪
11. 处于绝望中
12. 大量
Ⅲ.选用左栏短语并用其适当形式填空
1.The last act was so touching that all the audience were .
2.She set up an educational fund her mother.
3.After repeated failure， she gave up the attempt .
4.The old man a stone in the middle of the road and got injured.
5.After all， we what we like doing and what we take delight in.
6.It took him quite a while to be used to living alone after his parents .
四、经典句式写美
1.句型公式：“否定词＋形容词/副词比较级＋than ...”表示最高级含义
教材原句：To a person nothing is more precious than their life， and if they entrust me with that life， how could I refuse that trust， saying I’m cold， hungry， or tired？
2.句型公式：see＋宾语＋主语补足语
教材原句：At times she was even seen riding a donkey to faraway villages to provide medical care.
3.句型公式：独立主格结构
教材原句：After a while， a group of women came along， each balancing a pot of water on her head.
4.句型公式：neither ...nor ...既不……，也不……
教材原句：Neither she nor her friends thought about moving the stone out of the road.
Ⅳ.完成句子
1.There is no doubt that .
毫无疑问，没有什么比健康更重要。
2.Tom was criticized by the teacher because .
由于汤姆被发现考试作弊，因此被老师批评了。
3.All the students entered the classroom， .
所有的学生都走进教室，每个人手里拿着一本书。
4.What Tu Youyou went after was .
屠呦呦所追求的既非名也非利。
2 / 3学习讲义部分
UNIT 1 FESTIVALS AND CELEBRATIONS
Section Ⅰ Listening and Speaking
【话题听说·勤操练】
话题听力提能
1－5 ABABC 6－10 ABCBB 11－12 AC
听力原文：
（Text 1）
M：Hey， Sarah！ This year I’m going to the rock festival for all three days！
W：Oh， lucky you， Leo！ Are you going with your cousin again？
M：Not this year.My brother has promised to take me there now.My sister’s too busy with her college work.
W：How will you get there？
M：We wanted to drive， but Dad said no.And it’s too far from the city for us to cycle there， but there are special buses so we’ll take those.
W：What do you have to take with you？
M：Just a tent and clothes， really.We’ll need lots of water， but we’ll buy that and all our meals there.Hey！ Come with us！
W：Maybe I will！
（Text 2）
M：Hey， Jenny， the Summer Festival is happening in the park.Don’t you know about it？
W：No.Is it a music festival？
M：Well， in fact， it’s a festival of food and art.
W：Oh， that sounds interesting.When does it begin？
M：On Friday.Last year it finished on Saturday， but this year the festival will run for three days， not two.
W：Great！ I’d like to go.Is it open all day？
M：The gates open at eleven in the morning， and they stay open until midnight.
W：I don’t think I’ll stay that long.But I might go in the afternoon at about three o’clock and stay there until seven o’clock.
M：Well， please don’t come by car.The city center will be very busy.Take the bus.The No.15 goes to the park every 15 minutes.
W：Thanks a lot for reminding.
（Text 3）
W：The festival is great， isn’t it？
M：Yes.I have never seen such a good art festival before.
W：But I have a question — why is the festival only held in winter rather than in other seasons？ I prefer it is held in summer.
M：Summer？ It’s not a good idea.
W：Why not？
M：As there are many travelers in summer， if there is an art festival， the town will be crowded.But in winter， there aren’t enough travelers.For the town’s development， the government organises the festival.
W：It sounds more reasonable.
（Text 4）
W：Attention， please！ Now I will give you a brief introduction to the Winter Festival.It is a free event for all people to enjoy， and is organised by a team of volunteers.The first Winter Festival was introduced the year before last.Sadly due to a lack of money， no festival was held last year.This year the government may provide 15，000 to the festival.They also persuaded the businessmen around the town to offer the rest 5，000.
There will be a free art exhibition on Friday 18， Saturday 19 and Sunday 20 December in the Center Park of the town.The opening hours are from 10：00 a.m.to 4：00 p.m.， and there is an opening night only on Friday， from 7：30 p.m.to 10：00 p.m.Different from other exhibitions， this art exhibition is really a special one because the public will have the chance to watch the paintings which are from the town’s school.And all the paintings are created by the students.
It is great that the Festival is going to host a wonderful sound of music in the Main Exhibition Hall this year.This program aims to show some of the musical talents that we have in town.Everyone watching the performance had better not wear formal clothes， but fancy dress.And in the program， you will hear classical music， pop music， rock music and operas.
话题表达实战
1.people are looking forward to their holidays
2.What about all of the decorations
3.not everyone celebrates Christmas
4.the good Christmas mood has a positive effect on all people
5.Maybe we should find a way
【知识要点·须拾遗】
1.①dressed ②got dressed/dressed myself in my new clothes
2.①celebrated； congratulated
②express congratulations on your winning the first prize； congratulate you on your winning the first prize
3.①above all ②All in all ③There are 1，500 people in all
Section Ⅱ Reading and Thinking
【文本透析·剖语篇】
第一步
1.Paras.1－5 BACED
2.C
第二步
1－4 DBCC
第三步
1.However， no matter how different they may seem， all over the world， the spirit of sharing joy， gratitude， love， or peace is common in all festivals.
2.They reflect people’s wishes， beliefs， faiths， and attitudes towards life.They are occasions that allow us to relax and enjoy life， and forget about our work for a little while.They help us understand where we came from， who we are， and what to appreciate.
第四步
1.The Spring Festival.Because I can stay with my family， relax myself， enjoy some delicious food and receive lucky money.
2.Yes.First， I think we should do something for our family members or friends during the festival.For example， we can help them do housework.Besides， we can travel with them， which can not only improve our relationships but also enrich our lives.
第五步
1.尽管有人认为节日不应该被商业化，但是也有人认为消费增长有利于（提高）经济和公众幸福感。
2.此外，如果你仔细研究各种节日，你会惊奇地发现不同的文化实际上有很多相同之处。
【核心知识·巧突破】
核心词汇集释
1.①within ②ranging ③have a wide range of choices
2.①n.人物 ②vt.认为 ③figure out the reason for the failure
④figure out what career path she should choose
3.①for ②gratitude
③I would be very grateful if； I’d appreciate it if
4.decorate our classroom with them
5.①of ②It is typical of Chinese people to arrive
6.In spite of my interest in space exploration； In spite of the fact that I am interested in space exploration
7.①over ②are taking advantage of online courses
8.①is reflected ②reflection ③reflect on my behaviours
9.①when ②where ③occasionally
④On no occasion should you cheat others
重点句型解构
1.①No matter what ②whichever suits you best
③No matter where you go
2.①With all the students doing their homework silently
②with his hand still raised ③with so many places of interest to visit ④with a book in his hand
3.①I feel it very beneficial for me to read ②We students think it our responsibility to protect； We students think it our responsibility that we should protect
Section Ⅲ Discovering Useful Structures
【重难语法·要攻克】
我的发现
（1）②③④ （2）①
即时演练1
①watching ②being discussed ③sleeping ④reading ⑤moving
即时演练2
①to let ②inspiring ③to lose ④amazing ⑤reading
【知识要点·须拾遗】
①where you can have fun
②entered the local flower show just for fun
Section Ⅳ Listening and Talking & Reading for Writing
Part Ⅰ Talk about festival experiences
【话题听说·勤操练】
话题表达实战
1.Could you introduce the Mid-Autumn Festival to me
2.is one of the most important holidays
3.gather to admire the moon and eat mooncakes together
4.when to celebrate the Mid-Autumn Festival
Part Ⅱ Write about your festival experience
【速读语篇·知文意】
1－3 CAB
【演练佳作·写美文】
写作步骤
二、1.to celebrate the Spring Festival for the first time
2.The Spring Festival falls on
3.ranging from putting up the Spring Festival couplets to watching lion dance and dragon dance
4.It is typical of family members to gather on the Lunar New Year’s Eve
5.Setting off firecrackers at midnight
6.At dawn； dressed up
7.celebrating the Spring Festival with my cousins； treasure the sweet memories
三、
8.What interested me most was setting off firecrackers at midnight to greet the beginning of a new year.
四、
My First Spring Festival in the Countryside
I went to my uncle’s family in the countryside to celebrate the Spring Festival for the first time.
The Spring Festival falls on the first day of the first month of the lunar calendar.People held various activities to celebrate it，ranging from putting up the Spring Festival couplets to watching lion dance and dragon dance.It is typical of family members to gather on the Lunar New Year’s Eve to have a big feast.What interested me most was setting off firecrackers at midnight to greet the beginning of a new year.At dawn， we all dressed up and paid a new year visit from house to house.
In my opinion， celebrating the Spring Festival with my cousins was wonderful.I will always treasure the sweet memories.
【核心知识·巧突破】
核心词汇集释
1.①Frankly ②To be frank/Frankly speaking
2.①over ②up ③With time going by
3.①representative ②Representing our school
4.①aside ②handing； to hand ③set off firecrackers and fireworks
5.①respects ②Out ③for
④The person I respect/show respect for； in every respect
重点句型解构
①they were the only people ②It looks as if/though it is going to ③he would say
【教材词汇·练续写】
第一步
1.I finally gathered my courage to knock at Mort’s door.
2.I asked if he could lend me some money.
3.in a trembling voice
4.what a horrible thing had happened to my dad； fading away fast
5.had belief/faith in me； more than pleased to take advantage of
6.Tears of gratitude clouded my eyes.
7.I set off for my home
第二步
8.I frankly told him what a horrible thing had happened to my dad， who was fading away fast because of a serious illness.
第三步
I finally gathered my courage to knock at Mort’s door.I asked if he could lend me some money.I whispered in a trembling voice.I frankly told him what a horrible thing had happened to my dad， who was fading away fast because of a serious illness.Mort had belief/faith in me， saying that he was more than pleased to take advantage of the chance to give me a hand.Tears of gratitude clouded my eyes.I set off for my home， a stream of warmth flowing in my heart.
单元素养提升
一、1.lantern 2.costume 3.march 4.ceremony 5.crop
6.church 7.fade 8.firecracker 9.evil 10.medium
11.lunar 12.envelope 13.roast 14.firework 15.inner 16.fancy 17.eagle 18.grace 19.tent 20.wedding 21.clap
Ⅰ.1.gather 2.figure 3.respect 4.typical 5.moment
6.atmosphere 7.ranging 8.branches 9.harvest
10.regions 11.features 12.merry
二、1.origin 2.religion 3.charm 4.gratitude 5.reflect
6.decorate 7.pleased 8.represent 9.respect
Ⅱ.1.occasionally 2.faithful 3.joyful 4.beliefs 5.absolutely
6.significance； significant 7.congratulations
三、1.dress （sb） up 2.after all 3.range from ...to ...
4.figure out 5.fade away 6.in spite of 7.take advantage of
8.reflect on/upon 9.have sth in common 10.look forward to
11.take place 12.to be frank 13.go off 14.set off 15.out of respect
Ⅲ.1.Out of respect 2.had； in common 3.reflecting on/upon
4.In spite of 5.dressed up 6.take place 7.take advantage of
Ⅳ.1.No matter how hot the weather was 2.With the principles guiding us 3.found it necessary to store some masks
4.as if nothing had happened
UNIT 2 MORALS AND VIRTUES
Section Ⅰ Listening and Speaking
【话题听说·勤操练】
话题听力提能
1－5 CBACB 6－10 BBACA 11－12 CA
听力原文：
（Text 1）
M：Hi， Emma.How is it going？
W：Everything’s fine.How about you？
M：I’m good.Thanks for asking.Can I ask you a favour？
W：Sure， what can I do for you？
M：You know I had a two-week stay in the hospital.I missed a couple of classes.
W：Yeah.It’s good to see you fully recover from an illness.
M：I was wondering if you’d be willing to lend me your economics notes.
W：I got you， David.I can give you my notes.
M：Thank you， Emma.You saved the day.
W：No problem.Actually， I can also help you study today.
M：That would be great.Well， it’s nearly eleven thirty.How about going to my place to have lunch together？ Then we can stay in my study.
W：Sounds good.But I need to go to the library first to get my books.
M：Okay.Let’s go.
（Text 2）
W：Good morning， sir.How can I help you？
M：Well， I have some time off from work next month.And I was thinking of going to Australia.
W：That sounds great.How long is your vacation？
M：Just one week.26 July is my last day at work.
W：OK.Here is a Sydney brochure.Have a look and see if there’s a hotel that you like.
M：Oh， the Four Seasons Hotel is good.
W：Yes， it’s a very high-class hotel.I’m sure you’ll enjoy your stay there.So， would you like me to make the booking now， sir？
M：Hmm ...Yes， please.
W：I just need to take some personal information.What’s your full name and telephone number？
M：Martin Andrew White.And the number is 026249734.
W：Do you plan to travel alone， Mr White？
M：Yes， just me.
W：OK.You’ll finish work on Friday the 26th.Shall I try to book your flight for the next morning？ And then you’ll reach at noon on the first day.
M：Yes， great.And a return flight on 2 August， please.
（Text 3）
M：You look upset.What’s wrong with you？
W：Yes， I’m unwell today.
M：Please don’t lie to me.You told me that you went jogging this morning， didn’t you？ Please be honest to me.Who knows I can help you.
W：Actually Mr Scott got angry with me just now.
M：Why did he get angry with you？
W：I have done a big mistake.
M：What’s that？
W：I have sent the wrong goods to the customer so that we lost millions of dollars.
M：How come？ You’re really careless！ You should be more careful in doing things.
W：I made a mistake in putting the address on the package.I didn’t do it intentionally.I feel guilty， and I have apologised.
M：Yes， I know it.But it’s useless to regret.Don’t make any mistakes again.
W：Alright， I think you are right.I promise I won’t do it again.
（Text 4）
W：Aaron， a 12-year-old boy， loved playing on the open land near his home.The land was wet and forested， and made a home for animals and many different plants.It made the perfect place for him to get to know and study nature.All of a sudden， it was announced that the empty land would be improved by building a very large complex of apartments on it.The plants would be removed， and the animals would escape and most probably die.When Aaron heard the news， he was not happy.He was worried that polluted water would run from the apartments into the ponds.From the ponds， water would run into the water supply that served the people of that area.
Aaron wrote down clearly all the research he had done about the area， and how the apartment block would affect the local environment.He sent letters to members of government and television reporters.Finally， Aaron prevented the apartments from being built， and thus helped save his environment.The land remained a safe place for animals and plants.
Although Aaron was only 12， he had the courage and wisdom of a person much older.Aaron’s teachers described him as gentle， shy and motivated.
话题表达实战
1.we Chinese have many traditional virtues
2.I think one of the most important virtues is honesty
3.because we Chinese are famous for being diligent and hard-working
4.I think kindness is of great importance to our society
【知识要点·须拾遗】
1.①morally ②Faced with moral dilemmas
2.①a ②in ③get out of the dilemma
④The sudden rain put the organizers into a dilemma
Section Ⅱ Reading and Thinking
【文本透析·剖语篇】
第一步
1.（1）student （2）work （3）physician （4）tending
（5）training （6）married
2.B
第二步
1－4 DBCD
第三步
（1）To a person nothing is more precious than their life， and if they entrust me with that life， how could I refuse that trust， saying I’m cold， hungry， or tired？
（2）She charged very low fees to treat patients and often reduced costs for poor patients.
（3）At times she was even seen riding a donkey to faraway villages to provide medical care.
（4）Dr Lin did not retire until the day she died， 22 April 1983.
（5）Since she had no children of her own， she left her savings to a kindergarten and a fund for new doctors.
（6）And even as she lay dying， her final thoughts were for others.“I’m ready to go，” she said.“Don’t try to rescue me any more.Don’t waste the medicine any more.”
第四步
1.Dr Lin devoted all her life to the people selflessly.She was a kind-hearted woman， a scientist of the people， a model of the medical profession， a good daughter of the Chinese nation and an outstanding representative of contemporary women.
2.The way I see it， the main principle guiding Dr Lin through the choices in her life is serving others wholeheartedly.Whatever she did， the first thing that she thought of was other people’s interests.
第五步
1.对一个人来说，没有什么比他们的生命更加珍贵了。而现在这个人对你说，我把生命交给你，那么你还说什么呢？你冷？你饿？你困？
2.虽然林巧稚终身未婚，但是她被称为“万婴之母”，她一生中亲手接生的婴儿有五万多名。
【核心知识·巧突破】
核心词汇集释
1.①was/were ②the majority of
2.①complaining ②complaints
③complain about/make a complaint about
④received a complaint from one of our customers
3.①to ②response ③In response to/To respond to the audience’s great demand
4.①rejected； rejection ②I was rejected
5.①appointment ②appointed ③Having made an appointment with the doctor； at the appointed time
6.①to be elected ②election
③elected one of its members to be/as their spokesperson
7.①tendency ②tended （to）
8.①retired ②retired ③After/Since retiring from the company
9.①away/off ②were scared of being hurt； were scared to be hurt； were scared that we would be hurt
10.①energetic ②energies ③provide enough energy for you
11.①with/by ②to replace
③replace/take the place of； in place of/instead of
重点句型解构
1.①nothing is more precious than human lives ②can’t be too careful ③the most hard-working student； Nobody is more hard-working than
2.①the first Chinese to go to space
②the first student to figure out
Section Ⅲ Discovering Useful Structures
【重难语法·要攻克】
我的发现
（1）①②③ （2）⑤ （3）④
即时演练1
①improved ②running ③play ④delivered
⑤sitting； playing
即时演练2
①working； helping ②recognising ③approaching
即时演练3
①Having finished ②Knowing ③making ④Working
⑤Having worked ⑥Being
即时演练4
①Having been warned ②Having failed ③Having dressed ④speaking
【知识要点·须拾遗】
1.①operation ②to operate ③to put it into operation
④how to operate the new computer software
2.①whispering ②whispers ③whispered to her
3.①in/with ②assistance ③assist my parents in doing the dishes； assist my parents to do the dishes
4.①in charge of ②in memory/honour of ③in need of financial aid
Section Ⅳ Listening and Talking & Reading for Writing
Part Ⅰ Talk about the importance of kindness
【话题听说·勤操练】
话题表达实战
1.（a） part of our traditional virtue
2.stop complaining about the world
3.focus on how much they’ve helped and cared about you
4.be energetic and hard-working
Part Ⅱ Share your opinions about a moral story
【速读语篇·知文意】
1－4 CDBB
【演练佳作·写美文】
写作步骤
二、1.The story is about a king who wanted to teach his people a lesson.
2.The king hid some gold coins under a stone in the street.
3.The purpose of the story is to tell us that we should not complain and expect others to solve them when we meet with problems.
4.In fact， we should take action at once to deal with our problems in our daily lives.
5.More importantly， we should learn from the selfless girl， who always cares for others in the story.But we shouldn’t learn from other selfish villagers.
三、
6.The story is about a king who wanted to teach his people a lesson by hiding some gold coins under a stone in the street.
7.The purpose of the story is to tell us that we should not complain and expect others to solve them when meeting with problems.
8.In fact， what we should do is to take action at once to deal with our problems in our daily lives.
9.More importantly， we should learn from the selfless girl who always cares for others in the story rather than other selfish villagers.
四、
The fable titled “The Stone in the Road” is a moral story.It is about a king who wanted to teach his people a lesson by hiding some gold coins under a stone in the street.
The purpose of the story is to tell us that we should not complain and expect others to solve them when meeting with problems.In fact， what we should do is to take action at once to deal with our problems in our daily lives.More importantly， we should learn from the selfless girl who always cares for others in the story rather than other selfish villagers.
I like the story very much and I think it is very meaningful and helpful to us.We should always keep in mind that one good turn deserves another.I will recommend this story to as many people as I can.
【核心知识·巧突破】
核心词汇集释
1.①tears streaming down Jane’s cheeks ②burst into tears
③fight back tears/hold back their tears
2.①harmful ②be harmful to our health； do harm to our health
3.①better ②has been done ③a great deal about many historical figures
重点句型解构
1.①many things to settle ②a smile of happiness spreading across her face ③ All the windows open
2.①neither knew nor cared ②not what you say but what you do
③is to blame
【教材词汇·练续写】
第一步
1.a car accident and fainted
2.a world of anger， despair and complaint
3.All day long she frowned and was in tears
4.tended （to） her with great care
5.was replaced by confidence
6.It is you that carry me through
第二步
7.She was blind forever， throwing her into a world of anger， despair and complaint.
第三步
Susan had a car accident and fainted.She was blind forever， throwing her into a world of anger，despair and complaint.All day long she frowned and was in tears， feeling as if a knife were cutting her heart.Her husband， Mark， tended （to） her with great care and determined to assist her to regain strength and confidence and step out of such a passive dilemma.Gradually， Susan’s tension was replaced by confidence.She whispered gently，“Mark， thank you.It is you that carry me through the tough situation.”
单元素养提升
一、1.moral 2.fee 3.hire 4.physician 5.clinic 6.elsewhere
7.tend 8.publish 9.staff 10.saving 11.kindergarten 12.principle 13.passive 14.insurance 15.replace
16.whisper 17.midnight 18.bite 19.chain 20.disguise 21.tear 22.court
Ⅰ.1.scholarship 2.decades 3.income 4.precious 5.virtue
6.Therefore 7.spilled 8.despair 9.faraway 10.rejected 11.chairman 12.memory
二、1.complain 2.elect 3.retire 4.sharp 5.operation
6.export 7.assist 8.tension
Ⅱ.1.harmful 2.①marriage ②married 3.response
4.energetic 5.major； majority； major 6.appointment
三、1.carry sb through sth 2.tend to do sth 3.entrust sb with sth 4.play a key role 5.be responsible for 6.first aid
7.pass away 8.in memory of 9.trip over 10.in tears
11.in despair 12.a great deal （of）
Ⅲ.1.in tears 2.in memory of 3.in despair 4.tripped over 5.tend to do 6.passed away
Ⅳ.1.nothing is more important than health 2.he was seen cheating in the exam 3.each carrying a book in his or her hand
4.neither fame nor wealth
UNIT 3 DIVERSE CULTURES
Section Ⅰ Listening and Speaking
【话题听说·勤操练】
话题听力提能
1－5 ABABC 6－10 BCBAB 11－12 AB
听力原文：
（Text 1）
W：I tried to phone you yesterday.
M：Oh， sorry.I was busy all day and then I went to London in the evening for a meal with some friends.
W：Did you take your car？
M：I left it at home.Parking is such a problem.But the underground was closed for repairs so I had to take the bus.It was quite slow.
W：Did you go to your favourite Spanish restaurant？
M：I was hoping to try some Mexican food but my friends booked a table in a Chinese place.
W：Was it expensive？
M：Quite cheap actually， and the food was very good — but it’s only a small restaurant so a lot of people had to wait for tables — and it was quite noisy.
W：You didn’t stay there and talk afterwards then！
M：We went for a walk along the river.I had a really good evening.
（Text 2）
M：Hi， Julia.Do you like the Christmas carols we’re singing in choir this month？
W：Not really， to be honest.I’m really unfamiliar with most of them.In China， the carols we really know are Jingle Bells and Santa Claus is Coming to Town.I don’t really understand the words of any other ones.
M：Do you want me to explain the words to you？ I think it’s important to understand the words you’re singing.
W：Yeah， that sounds great！ Let’s start with We Wish You a Merry Christmas.What in the world is figgy pudding， and why are people asking for it？
M：That is a weird line！ Figgy pudding is a traditional British Christmas dessert.It kind of looks like a cake.It’s not that common today， but people used to give a figgy pudding to each other at Christmas hundreds of years ago.
（Text 3）
W：Everything is ready.Please come to the dining room.
M：Wow， what a marvelous table you’ve got here！ I’ve long heard Chinese dishes are well-known all over the world for their colour， aroma and taste.
W：I hope you like my cooking.
M：I think you are not only a good teacher but also a good cook.
W：Thanks for the compliment.Let’s begin with chicken which will bring luck to the guests， according to Chinese culture.
M：It sounds interesting.In that case， I’ll eat more.
W：Please help yourself to it.
M：Thanks.I like fried kidney best among Chinese food.
W：Have a try.
M：Well， it’s really unusual！ It’s quite tender and delicious！
（Text 4）
W：If you’re listening to this， then you’re probably studying English.Maybe you speak a couple of other languages too.But what are the British like when it comes to learning languages？ According to a survey published by the European Commission， the British are officially the worst language learners in Europe — 62 percent of them can’t speak any other language apart from their own.While 38 percent of Britons speak at least one foreign language， only 18 percent speak two.Learning a foreign language isn’t a popular option at school in Britain； children start studying a foreign language at the age of 11 and may give up completely at 14.
So， why don’t young people continue with languages at school？ Research suggests that students think it is more difficult to get good grades in languages than in other subjects such as science or history.The government is now looking at different ways to improve language learning.One idea is to start much younger and introduce foreign languages from the age of five.Another plan is to give school children more choices and expand the range of languages taught to include Arabic， Mandarin and Urdu.
话题表达实战
1.we will talk about cultural influences on American food
2.When it comes to American food
3.some say the hamburger comes from Hamburg in Germany
4.You mean there was a mixing of cultures
5.So it is the food of many different cultures
【知识要点·须拾遗】
1.①diversely ②diversity
③experience diverse foods from different countries
2.①to have ②Fortunately ③to bring good fortune
Section Ⅱ Reading and Thinking
【文本透析·剖语篇】
第一步
1.Paras.1－5 DCAEB
2.D
第二步
1－4 BADC
第三步
1.（1）There are so many beautiful old buildings — many sitting on top of big hills， offering great views of the city， the ocean， and the Golden Gate Bridge.
（2）It was quite modern and lively.
2.The museum did a really good job of showing how America was built by immigrants from different countries and cultures.
第四步
1.Because Chinese immigrants really did a lot of work for building San Francisco and also brought great Chinese culture there.Chinese culture has a positive effect on the culture in San Francisco.
2.（1）The benefits：People are able to experience a wide variety of cultures， making their lives more interesting.
（2）The challenges：People may have trouble communicating or understanding each other.
第五步
1.多么神奇的一座城市啊——一座1906年大地震后重建的城市。
2.这里有众多美丽的古建筑——不少坐落于大山之巅，城市、大海和金门大桥美景尽收眼底。
【核心知识·巧突破】
核心词汇集释
1.①as ②admission ③admitted cheating/having cheated； admitted that he had cheated
2.①occurred ②It occurred to her that； It struck her that； It hit her that
3.headed to the countryside
4.①after/for ②to help ③sought to make； seek advice from
5.①to earn your living/make a living ②to earn money
6.①up ②bring this art back to life
7.①claim to have found ②It is claimed that
8.①Firstly， apart from studying hard
②apart from/except for the weather
9.①from； being killed ②from ③his name escaped me
重点句型解构
1.①It is wise to develop ②to complete difficult learning tasks ③feel it difficult to understand
④Is it worthwhile for you to spend so much time
2.①There were diverse activities organised by the student union to ②there will be a bus waiting for us
Section Ⅲ Discovering Useful Structures
【重难语法·要攻克】
我的发现
（1）简单 （2）感叹 （3）并列 （4）复合
即时演练1
即时演练2
①第一个that ②that ③it is
即时演练3
①on ②from ③in
【知识要点·须拾遗】
①folded ②with his arms folded
Section Ⅳ Listening and Talking & Reading for Writing
Part Ⅰ Talk about ethnic minority cultures
in China
【话题听说·勤操练】
话题表达实战
1.Is yellow the lucky colour in China 2.the symbol of
3.Exactly 4.take a picture
Part Ⅱ Describe a place with distinctive cultural identity
【速读语篇·知文意】
1－4 CDAD
【演练佳作·写美文】
写作步骤
二、1.I live in a small town near Chengdu in the southwest of China.
2.There are not so many high-rise buildings and wide streets.
3.As the town lies/is located in the Chengdu Plain， there is a great deal of farmland around it.
4.From spring to autumn， many kinds of crops are grown on the farm， and it makes a beautiful sight.
5.In recent years， great changes have taken place in my hometown.
6.A great many shopping centers and apartment buildings have been put up.They make people’s lives pretty convenient.
三、
7.From spring to autumn， many kinds of crops are grown on the farm， which makes a beautiful sight.
8.A great many shopping centers and apartment buildings have been put up， making people’s lives pretty convenient.
四、
I live in a small town near Chengdu in the southwest of China.There are not so many high-rise buildings and wide streets.However， the scenery in my hometown is attractive.
As the town lies/is located in the Chengdu Plain， there is a great deal of farmland around it.From spring to autumn， many kinds of crops are grown on the farm， which makes a beautiful sight.In recent years， great changes have taken place in my hometown.A great many shopping centers and apartment buildings have been put up， making people’s lives pretty convenient.
Welcome to my hometown and I am willing to be your guide.
【核心知识·巧突破】
核心词汇集释
1.①settled ②how to settle the moral dilemma
2.①are constructing； construction
②stopped at a construction site
3.am suitable for this voluntary job； am suitable to do this voluntary job； this voluntary job suits me
4.①hand in hand ②at hand ③Hands up
④On the one hand； on the other hand
5.①containing ②himself ③container ④I couldn’t contain my sadness ⑤containing a lot of important documents
重点句型解构
1.①What made me scared was that
②What impresses me most is that
2.①two of which are to make dumplings and set off fireworks ②whose son
【教材词汇·练续写】
第一步
1.My sister and I headed to； sought to
2.a low voice came
3.to escape from the farm
4.selected several apples for us
5.something bad occurred to； claimed his life
6.we couldn’t contain our emotions， tears of sadness running down our faces
第二步
7.My sister and I headed to Old Man Donovan’s fruit farm， seeking to pick some apples.
第三步
My sister and I headed to Old Man Donovan’s fruit farm，seeking to pick some apples.At that time， a low voice came.We had no chance to escape from the farm.He didn’t blame us and instead selected several apples for us.Several months later，something bad occurred to Old Man Donovan and unfortunately， his falling from the apple tree claimed his life.On hearing the bad news， we couldn’t contain our emotions， tears of sadness running down our faces like a broken string of pearls.
单元素养提升
一、1.chip 2.cheese 3.definitely 4.downtown 5.mission
6.district 7.afterwards 8.china 9.jazz 10.bar
11.diagram 12.journal 13.claim 14.jeans 15.boot
16.mushroom 17.super 18.souvenir 19.percentage
20.mild 21.item
Ⅰ.1.clothing 2.containing 3.selected 4.seek 5.materials
6.series 7.escape 8.occurred 9.climate
二、1.earn 2.minority 3.financial 4.poetry 5.poison
6.fold 7.collection 8.settle 9.construction
Ⅱ.1.①diverse ②diversity 2.①admission ②to be admitted 3.historical 4.fortune； fortunate； unfortunately
三、1.head to 2.seek one’s fortune 3.earn a living 4.series of
5.apart from 6.bring about 7.join ...to ... 8.to name but a few 9.（at） first hand 10.be located in/on
Ⅲ.1.have earned a living 2.Apart from 3.to name but a few
4.series of 5.seek their fortune 6.brought about
Ⅳ.1.It is necessary for us to wear a mask 2.There are； to choose from 3.What many college students lack 4.most of which were written by American writers
UNIT 4 SPACE EXPLORATION
Section Ⅰ Listening and Speaking
【话题听说·勤操练】
话题听力提能
1－5 BAAAC 6－10 BBCBC 11－12 BC
听力原文：
（Text 1）
M：Did you hear the 6 o’clock news？
W：No， I didn’t.Was there anything interesting？
M：They’ve built another space station.They will send it up sometime next year.
W：Oh， I’ve read about the plan somewhere.Is there anything else？
M：Just think！ Astronauts will live and do research work there.
W：Really？ But I wonder why you’re interested in such things.
M：I’ve always been.I hope to go to the moon one day.
W：Oh， I see.
（Text 2）
M：So， what are you going to wear at the costume party on Friday？
W：I’ll be going as the mad scientist from my favourite video game.My costume’s pretty cool.How about you？
M：I’m not sure whether to go as a Jedi fighter from the recent Star Wars movie， or as the crime fighter and wall crawler， Spiderman.I’m kind of leaning towards Spiderman.
W：Why Spiderman？
M：Somehow， I feel I have a special connection with him.
W：Why？ Is it because he doesn’t have the courage to talk to the girl he likes？
M：Yeah， sort of.Whatever， I still have four days to decide.
（Text 3）
M：So what do you think？ Racers was a good film， wasn’t it？ What about getting a CD of the music？
W：Well， to be honest， I prefer the music in Spaceship.
M：Mmm， you’re right.The acting in Spaceship wasn’t as good as in Racers， though.
W：That’s true.And what about the dresses？ They were really colourful in Racers.
M：Yeah — not in Spaceship， though — they all wore grey！ Quite disappointing.But the special effects in that film were amazing.
W：There were hardly any special effects in Racers.It had great action scenes， though.
M：Yeah， Spaceship wasn’t quite as exciting， was it？ I think Racers was the best we’ve seen this week.
（Text 4）
M：Good evening.This is the 9 o’clock news.
First， the headlines.A gas pipe blew up in Southern France and is believed to have killed more than forty people.The cause is still unknown.
Three aid workers in Rome were killed when their trucks were attacked early this morning.
A Russian rocket lifted off early on Saturday， carrying the first space tourist， California businessman Dennis Tito， and two others on a journey to the international space station.
A tour bus carrying sleeping middle school students from Boston drove off a highway on Friday morning， killing at least four children and injuring about thirty.
And Prince Aadrew has finally opened the new bridge over the River Thames at Greenwich.Now for more of those stories in detail ...
话题表达实战
1.I’m really curious about his life in space
2.to support their daily lives
3.how astronauts sleep
4.they can go out jogging
5.how women astronauts wash their hairs
【知识要点·须拾遗】
1.①mentally ②to have a positive mental attitude
2.①intelligence ②with his intelligent suggestions and innovative ideas
Section Ⅱ Reading and Thinking
【文本透析·剖语篇】
第一步
1.Paras.1－5 DABEC
2.D
第二步
1－4 DBAA
第三步
1.（1）However， scientists were determined to realise that dream.
（2）However， while such disasters brought much sadness and disappointment， the desire to explore the universe did not die.
2.Despite the difficulties， scientists hope to make more valuable discoveries that will enable the human race to survive well into the future.
第四步
1.In my opinion， space exploration is not only necessary but also meaningful.We should spare no efforts to explore the universe and make it better serve human beings.
2.To be an astronaut， first of all， I need to study hard to equip myself with advanced knowledge.What’s more， I should take exercise regularly to keep healthy physically and mentally.
3.For one thing， the Chinese government has been attaching great importance to space exploration.For another， the rapid development of China’s economy has laid a strong foundation for the space industry.
第五步
1.然而，虽然这些悲剧使人倍感伤心与失望，但是，（人类）探索宇宙的愿望未曾磨灭。
2.之后，神舟六号和神舟七号分别完成了第二次载人环绕地球飞行及中国人的第一次太空行走。紧接着，“玉兔号”月球车飞抵月球，开展月球表面研究。
【核心知识·巧突破】
核心词汇集释
1.①determination ②drawing near； were determined to prepare； approaching； determined to prepare
2.①launched ②launched an activity to raise people’s awareness of
3.went on board for London； went/got aboard （the plane） for London
4.①disappointed ②Disappointed ③To my great disappointment； What disappointed me most/What made me most disappointed
5.①for； to succeed ②be given ③desire you to offer me
6.①running ②with ③carried on cooking the Mother’s Day breakfast
7.①independently ②independence
8.①to carry ②a ③signalling the end of the Spring Festival celebrations
9.in order to/so as to enrich our campus lives； so that/in order that we could enrich our campus lives
重点句型解构
1.to study abroad； to communicate with others； to be accepted as； to serve my classmates； to take on the position
2.①While I admit that there are problems
②While I fully understand your point of view
3.why I won’t go there is that； that’s because； why I won’t go there
Section Ⅲ Discovering Useful Structures
【重难语法·要攻克】
我的发现
（1）①⑤⑥ （2）③④⑧ （3）② （4）⑦⑨
即时演练1
①to deliver ②to be discussed ③have been translated
④to be reading
即时演练2
①to wake ②to be completed ③to develop ④to experience
⑤to improve
即时演练3
①To learn ②to find ③to find ④to spare
【知识要点·须拾遗】
1.For lack of confidence； I lacked confidence； I was lacking in confidence
2.①expectation ②beyond my power
③the whole problem was beyond me
Section Ⅳ Listening and Talking & Reading for Writing
Part Ⅰ Talk about life in space
【话题听说·勤操练】
话题表达实战
1.How astronauts eat 2.a cup full of/filled with water
3.is placed on the table 4.All kinds of food
5.soup， juice and jam 6.How I wish I had a chance
Part Ⅱ Present an argument about space exploration
【速读语篇·知文意】
1－3 CDC
【演练佳作·写美文】
写作步骤
二、1.We had a discussion over whether it’s necessary to carry out the outer space exploration at a class meeting the other day.
2.Humans can find new resources in space and use them.
3.They say this kind of exploration costs too much money.And it’s very dangerous for astronauts to do such work.
三、
4.New resources can be found in space for humans to use.
5.In their opinion， not only does this kind of exploration cost too much money but it’s also very dangerous for astronauts to do such work.
四、
Dear Editor，
We had a discussion over whether it’s necessary to carry out the outer space exploration at a class meeting the other day.Some of us think it important to research the outer space.First， people can get a better understanding of the outer space through their explorations.Second， new resources can be found in space for humans to use and it will bring about new living space for human lives.
However， others don’t believe so.In their opinion， not only does this kind of exploration cost too much money but it’s also very dangerous for astronauts to do such work.
In my opinion， such explorations into the outer space are worthwhile.
Yours，
Li Hua
【核心知识·巧突破】
核心词汇集释
1.①（should） be left ②argued that； argued for； argue him into selling popcorn
2.resulted in； resulted from； as a result
3.①limited； limitless； limited； limitlessly ②to
③should be limited to 400 words
4.provide me with some suggestions； provide some suggestions； for me； supply me with some suggestions； supply/offer some suggestions； to me； offer me some suggestions
5.①out ②up ③our food will soon run out； we are running out of/using up our food
6.①to ②attached ③attach great importance to reading English newspapers
重点句型解构
1.①was hard to handle ②is easy to get along with
③is comfortable to breathe； is pleasant to enjoy
2.twice bigger than； three times as big as； three times the size of
【教材词汇·练续写】
第一步
1.Having argued with my mother
2.Disappointed and frustrated
3.sighed for lack of money
4.greeted me with a kind smile and signaled me to sit down
5.I was moved to tears.
6.has been providing for you
7.leapt to my feet and ran for home like a wind
第二步
8.it is your mother who has been providing for you since you were born
第三步
Having argued with my mother fiercely， I stormed out of the house， slamming the door heavily.Disappointed and frustrated， I felt like floating in an ocean of limitless sadness.Later， I stood beside a stand and sighed for lack of money.The seller noticed my dilemma， greeted me with a kind smile and signaled me to sit down.I was moved to tears.The seller smiled，“Girl， it is your mother who has been providing for you since you were born！” I wiped my tears， leapt to my feet and ran for home like a wind.
单元素养提升
一、1.astronaut 2.rocket 3.frontier 4.vehicle 5.satellite 6.orbit 7.agency 8.data 9.float 10.beyond 11.current
12.sufficient 13.towel 14.tissue 15.facility 16.shallow
17.pattern 18.monitor
Ⅰ.1.mankind 2.resources 3.gravity 4.recycle
5.procedure 6.universe 7.lack 8.attaches 9.launched
10.signal（l）ing 11.keen
二、1.universe 2.independent 3.analysis 4.regular
5.limited 6.closing 7.mystery
Ⅱ.1.intelligent； intelligence 2.mentally 3.①determination
②determined ③determines 4.disappointed； disappointing； disappointment 5.global 6.argument； argued
三、1.on board 2.carry on 3.in the hope of doing sth 4.focus on 5.so as to （do sth） 6.figure out 7.result in 8.as a result 9.provide for sb 10.in closing 11.run out
Ⅲ.1.resulted in 2.so as to 3.in the hope of 4.carry on
5.In closing 6.on board 7.figuring out
Ⅳ.1.the first student in my class to go abroad for further study 2.protecting wild animals/wildlife 3.is easy to get along/on with 4.three times as tall as
UNIT 5 THE VALUE OF MONEY
Section Ⅰ Listening and Speaking
【话题听说·勤操练】
话题听力提能
1－5 BCABC 6－10 BBCAC 11－12 AB
听力原文：
（Text 1）
M：Can you give me a lift to my office this morning？
W：Uh， Carl.Why are you always asking me for that？
M：I’m sorry.I could take the bus， but then I’d have to leave so early！ If you give me a ride， I can sleep for an extra thirty minutes.
W：Well， I have to go to a concert today， and I hate to rush in advance.Why not ask Mom for a ride or drive your own car？
M：You know I want to.But I have to save money on gas.I only make ten dollars an hour.And I asked Mom， but she’ll have to go to the airport to pick up her client.
W：Well， OK.I’ll do it this time， but only this once.
M：Thanks！
（Text 2）
M：Tina， come in.
W：Thanks！What a beautiful flat！ Where did you get all these things？
M：Well， my father bought the CD player， and the other things were presents from my family， too.My brother gave me that red sofa.It was in his flat with two red chairs， but it was too big.He’s still got the chairs.
W：And what about the table that the CD player’s on？
M：My sister bought a new table and chairs when she got married.This is her old one.
W：And this desk looks really old.
M：Yeah， it was my grandfather’s desk when he was a student.He gave me that and my grandmother gave me that mirror over there on the wall.
W：What about your mother？
M：She bought me those bookshelves.My brother helped me put them on the wall.We put up the mirror at the same time.Could you help me clean the bookshelves now？
W：Of course.
（Text 3）
W：I’m sorry for being late.I left home early.But the traffic is getting increasingly crowded.
M：Well， it doesn’t matter.Traffic jams in Shanghai are very common.For me， I’d like to take the subway.It saves a lot of time and money.
W：I can’t agree with you more.I’ll try it next time.Oh， I’m really a bit hungry.
M：You can have a look at the menu first.
W：Wow， everything looks absolutely delicious.My mouth is watering.
M：I’ve been here several times.The environment is quite clean.
W：Oh， yes.The price is also reasonable.
（Text 4）
M：If I could go back in history and live when I like， I’d like to relive a period I’ve already lived — the 1960s.I was in my twenties， and everything was being renewed.You really felt anything was possible.Meeting people was the thing， and you went to coffee bars where you met friends and spent the evening.The cinema， the theater， all that was very exciting with new things coming out.In fact， we seemed to be out all the time！ I don’t really remember working — of course， I was a student — or sitting around at home very much.It was the first time ordinary people started going out to eat.We were beginning to be adventurous about food， but we were more interested in meeting people.And dress， yes， that was the revolution.I mean， girls went around in really short skirts.Men were in jeans， and could wear their hair long， too.It was a wonderful period.It was like living in an age you could never have imagined， and that never has come back.We didn’t have much money， but it didn’t matter.And there were plenty of opportunities to do whatever you felt like doing.
话题表达实战
1.Different people have different opinions
2.while others hold the opposite
3.It is a common view that
4.Money does not necessarily mean happiness
5.it can be a stepping stone to happiness
【知识要点·须拾遗】
1.①based ②base； on their language abilities and personal preferences； should be based on their language abilities and personal preferences
2.①apologised； apology ②apologise to you for； make an apology to you for
3.①ignoring ②ignorance ③He ignored me on purpose
4.①in turn ②by turns ③In return
④In return for your kindness
5.①Judging ②I’m writing to invite you to be a judge
Section Ⅱ Reading and Thinking
【文本透析·剖语篇】
第一步
1.（1）making a bet （2）was spotted （3）England （4）persuaded
2.C
第二步
1－4 CDCA
第三步
1.（1）The brothers smile at each other.
（2）Well， you mustn’t worry about that.
2.（1）Well， I can’t say that I have any plans.
（2）Well， to be honest， I have none.
（3）Could you offer me work here？
（4）I don’t want your charity.I just want a job that earns an honest income.
第四步
1.If I had a million-pound bank note， I would open a school for kids from poor families.
2.（1）He was honest.
（2）He was hard-working.
第五步
1.他们看到一个穷困潦倒的年轻人从户外走过。
2.这一场的结尾是亨利离开了他们的家，并答应在两点之前不打开信封。
【核心知识·巧突破】
核心词汇集释
1.①on ②where ③What a dangerous scene it was
2.As a matter of fact； In fact/Actually/In reality
3.①by accident/chance ②by chance/accident or by design
4.①with ②was spotted ③finally spotted my friend； with white spots
5.①of ②sorts ③to sort out rubbish/garbage
6.①with； to explain ②prepare breakfast for their mother with patience/patiently
7.①are honest with others ②To be honest/Honestly speaking
8.①was doing ②had just finished Mother’s Day breakfast when
9.①to ②indicating ③As is indicated in the picture
10.①conducting ②to/until
重点句型解构
1.①a generous and warm-hearted person ②find the above suggestions useful ③found myself living ④found it very hard to work
2.①It is at this moment that ②It was the humorous teacher； who/that ③It was when she first arrived in China that
Section Ⅲ Discovering Useful Structures
【重难语法·要攻克】
我的发现
（1）能力 请求 许可 禁止 意愿 义务和需要
（2）would＋do
即时演练1
①Could ②must ③can ④must ⑤can
即时演练2
①may/might ②Shall ③May ④should
即时演练3
①would ②will ③dared ④need
即时演练4
①can ②must ③can ④may
即时演练5
①should have passed ②may have bought the dictionary
③might have never heard of ④needn’t have booked the ticket
即时演练6
①was leaving ②would lend ③was to become
④was going to visit ⑤would be
【知识要点·须拾遗】
1.①intention ②to go ③which is intended for international students
2.①As is often the case ②In case ③In no case should we prevent
Section Ⅳ Viewing and Talking & Reading for Writing
Part Ⅰ Describe people’s changing attitudes in a film clip
【话题听说·勤操练】
话题表达实战
1.was about to sit down 2.After that 3.worried that he could not pay the bill 4.Later 5.opened the envelope 6.the note must be real 7.In the end/Eventually
Part Ⅱ Write a dramatic scene
【速读语篇·知文意】
1－4 BBAC
【演练佳作·写美文】
写作步骤
二、1.Henry is walking down the street and he sees a sign for a barbershop.
2.You see that my hair is much too long.
3.You come here even if you only have very little hair to cut when you like！
三、
4.Henry is walking down the street when he sees a sign for a barbershop.
5.As you can see， my hair is much too long.
6.Please come here whenever you like， even if you only have very little hair to cut！
四、
Narrator：Henry is walking down the street when he sees a sign for a barbershop.He decides to have his hair cut.
（H＝Henry B＝Barber）
H：Good afternoon.I’d like to have my hair cut， if I may.（The barber looks at Henry’s hair， continuing cutting another man’s hair.） Er， I’d really like a haircut.As you can see， it’s much too long.
B：（in a rude manner） Yes， I can see that.Indeed， I can.
H：Fine， well， I’ll have a seat then.（He sits in one of the chairs.The barber turns to look at Henry.）
B：It’s quite expensive here， you know！Are you sure you can pay for it？
H：Yes， I think so.（Having cut Henry’s hair， the barber tells him how much he must pay.Henry shows the barber the million-pound bank note.）
B：Why ...？Mr ...（looks shocked）
H：Adams.Henry Adams.I’m sorry.I don’t have any change.
B：Oh， no， no.Please don’t worry！（wearing a big smile） Nothing to worry about！Nothing at all！Please come here whenever you like， even if you only have very little hair to cut！It will be my honour to serve you！（showing Henry out with a bow）
【核心知识·巧突破】
核心词汇集释
1.①hesitation ②didn’t hesitate to accept the post； accepted the post without hesitation
2.mind your table manners； it is good manners； it is bad manners
3.①broaden their view/horizons ②with a broad smile
③broad shoulders and a beard
4.①normally ②above ③your temperature will soon return to normal
5.①willingness ②was willing to assist the twins
6.①to take ②smoking ③social media without your permission
重点句型解构
1.①whenever （it is） possible ②as if （she was） angry
③as if （he was） to say something
2.①Never will you be admitted to your ideal university
②Nor do I have time ③In no case should Jack and Bernard give in to their failure
【教材词汇·练续写】
第一步
1.had to ask strangers for help
2.I spotted a beautiful woman
3.She ignored me on purpose
4.with broad shoulders seemed to notice me
5.hesitate to take out his cell phone and was willing to help me
6.I must apologise to you for judging you from your appearance，” I said to him
7.He responded to me with a big smile.
第二步
8.Then an impatient-looking man with broad shoulders， wearing a cheap T-shirt and dirty jeans， seemed to notice me.
第三步
With my cell phone dead， I had to ask strangers for help.I spotted a beautiful woman， approaching her hopefully.She ignored me on purpose and walked past me as if I were an odd monster.Then an impatient-looking man with broad shoulders， wearing a cheap T-shirt and dirty jeans， seemed to notice me.He didn’t hesitate to take out his cell phone and was willing to help me.Dancing in his eyes was the kindness.“Thanks a lot.I must apologise to you for judging you from your appearance，” I said to him.He responded to me with a big smile.
单元素养提升
一、1.loan 2.scene 3.bet 4.dare 5.sort
6.beneath 7.odd 8.extent 9.opera 10.duty
11.eventually 12.tailor 13.clerk 14.downstairs 15.stair
16.aside 17.frown 18.element 19.plot 20.upper 21.external
Ⅰ.1.postpone 2.maintain 3.pursues 4.hugging 5.plastic 6.saying 7.Nowhere 8.normal 9.manners 10.spots
二、1.basis 2.ignore 3.indicate 4.musical 5.option
6.broad 7.willing
Ⅱ.1.patience 2.intention 3.hesitation 4.permission；
permitted 5.apologised； apology 6.judge； judg（e）ment
三、1.on the basis of 2.take out a loan 3.in return 4.make a bet 5.as a matter of fact 6.by accident 7.to be honest
8.ought to 9.be about to do sth 10.show sb out 11.in case
12.to ...extent 13.on duty 14.in a ...manner 15.in that case 16.be willing to do sth
Ⅲ.1.in return 2.As a matter of fact 3.was about to
4.To some extent 5.by accident 6.To be honest 7.in case
8.taking out a loan
Ⅳ.1.found himself taken to a strange place 2.it was my teacher’s encouragement and help that 3.listening to the wind and watching the rain 4.as if searching for something
1 / 3Section Ⅳ Listening and Talking & Reading for Writing(2)
Part Ⅰ Talk about the importance of kindness
听说课前清障 ——排除疑难，胸有成竹
Ⅰ.话题词汇
1.be willing to help others 乐于助人
2.be generous 慷慨大方
3.offer to take on responsibility 主动承担责任
4.devote oneself to serving the people 致力于为人民服务
5.hard-working and kind 勤劳善良
6.look after the old 照顾老人
7.love our homeland 热爱我们的祖国
8.be honest and friendly 诚实友好
9.serve as a volunteer 担任志愿者
10.respect our parents and teachers尊重我们的父母和老师
Ⅱ.话题句式
1.I feel greatly honoured to be devoted to serving the people.
能致力于为人民服务我感到很荣幸。
2.It’s our duty to love and protect our homeland.
热爱并保护我们的祖国是我们的责任。
3.We are supposed to respect our parents and teachers.
我们应该尊重我们的父母和老师。
4.Being honest and friendly is of great importance to us students.
诚实友好对于我们学生来说很重要。
5.Acts of kindness have the power to brighten someone’s day， make them feel valued and appreciated， and restore their faith in humanity.
善意的行为能照亮别人的一天，让他们感到被重视和欣赏，并恢复他们对人性的信心。
6.I believe a small act of kindness can make a big difference.
我相信一个小小的善举可以产生重大的影响。
话题表达实战 ——聚焦主题，定向突破
情境：在日常生活中，我们应该感恩，有一颗善良的心。
Gratitude is not only an art performed in our daily lives， but also 1. （我们传统美德的一部分）.Gratitude is important because it brings countless benefits to our physical， mental， and emotional wellbeing while enhancing our relationships and fostering a positive outlook on life.
Ungrateful persons are always blaming the world for the problems and owing all the faults to others.If you want to be grateful， 2. （停止抱怨世界）， your teachers， your friends and your family not putting themselves in your shoes， and 3. （关注他们对你的帮助和关心）.In our daily lives， we should be willing to help others and have a kind heart.In our study， we should 4. （充满活力，刻苦努力）.
1 / 1Section Ⅰ Listening and Speaking
话题听力提能 ——捕捉信息，精准判断
听下面4段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第1段材料，回答第1至3题。
1.What happened to the man？（ ）
A.He spent one month in the hospital.
B.A car accident happened to him.
C.He had to be hospitalized because of an illness.
2.What does the man want to do？（ ）
A.Offer help.
B.Borrow notes.
C.Study in the library.
3.Where do the speakers decide to go first？（ ）
A.The library.
B.The man’s house.
C.A restaurant.
听第2段材料，回答第4至6题。
4.What might the woman be？（ ）
A.A ticket seller.
B.A receptionist.
C.A travel agent.
5.When will Mr White fly to Australia？（ ）
A.26 July. B.27 July. C.2 August.
6.How many nights will Mr White stay in Australia？（ ）
A.Five. B.Six. C.Seven.
听第3段材料，回答第7至9题。
7.What does the man ask the woman to do？（ ）
A.See a doctor.
B.Tell him the truth.
C.Go jogging with him.
8.What mistake did the woman make？（ ）
A.Sending the wrong goods to the customer.
B.Forgetting to fill in the address.
C.Losing the package.
9.What’s the man’s suggestion for the woman？（ ）
A.Trying to make up the lost.
B.Making an apology first.
C.Being careful in future.
听第4段材料，回答第10至12题。
10.What did Aaron like doing on the open land？（ ）
A.Exploring nature.
B.Catching birds.
C.Doing homework.
11.What did Aaron do to save the land？（ ）
A.He talked to government officials.
B.He asked his teachers for advice.
C.He wrote to TV journalists.
12.What does the speaker think of Aaron？（ ）
A.He’s brave.
B.He’s stubborn.
C.He’s creative.
话题表达实战 ——聚焦主题，定向突破
情境：英语课上，老师鼓励学生们探讨优秀的传统美德，同学们踊跃发言。
阅读并根据提示完成下面对话。
Teacher：As we all know， 1. （我们中国人有很多传统美德）.Next， I want to find some students to tell us something about our virtues.Li Hua， please！
Li Hua：Thanks， Ms Liu.2. （我认为最重要的美德之一是诚信）.Honesty is the base of the society.
Teacher：Very good.Wang Lei， do you have anything to say？
Wang Lei：Yes， Ms Liu.In my opinion， diligence is more important， 3. （因为我们中国人因勤奋努力而著称）.
Teacher：Good！ Anyone else？
Han Meimei：Ms Liu， 4. （我认为友善对我们的社会很重要）.
moral adj.道德的；道义上的 n.品行；道德；寓意
【教材原句】 In this unit， you will listen to discussions about moral dilemmas and the power of kindness and talk about the virtues that we cherish.
在本单元中，你会听关于道德困境和善良力量的讨论，并谈论我们所珍视的美德。
【用法】
（1）It’s moral to do ... 做……是合乎道德的 （2）morally adv. 道德上 immoral adj. 不道德的
【佳句】 The moral of the fable “The Tortoise and the Hare” is that only by persisting in whatever we are doing can we succeed.
寓言“龟兔赛跑”的寓意是：无论做什么，只有坚持不懈，我们才能成功。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①Anything that is （moral） wrong is ultimately bad for individuals and the company.
【写美】 完成句子
② ， instead of standing by， we should give a hand.
面对道德困境，我们应该伸出援手，而不是袖手旁观。
dilemma n.进退两难的境地；困境
【用法】
moral dilemma 道德困境 get out of a dilemma 摆脱困境 put sb into a dilemma 使某人陷入困境 in a dilemma 处于困境中
【佳句】 ①Many women are faced with the dilemma of choosing between work and family commitments.
许多女性面临着在工作和家庭之间选择的两难境地。
②We now face an embarrassing dilemma： Should we stay or go？
我们现在面临着一个尴尬的困境：我们应该留下还是离开？
【练透】 单句语法填空
①When faced with dilemma， we should think twice and make a right choice.
②She was a dilemma， wondering what to do next.
【写美】 完成句子
③I am grateful that you helped me I was in.
我很感激你帮助我摆脱了进退两难的境地。
④ about whether to continue or cancel the event.
突如其来的雨使组织者陷入了继续还是取消活动的两难境地。
提示：完成课后作业 UNIT 2 Section Ⅰ
2 / 3Part Ⅱ Share your opinions about a moral story
1.Which of the following is TRUE？（ ）
A.The king wanted to play a joke on others.
B.The group of women moved the stone together.
C.The girl had great difficulty moving the stone.
D.The milkman knew who put the stone there.
2.What can we infer from the fable？（ ）
A.The king regretted what he had done.
B.The girl and the king found the owner of the coins.
C.The girl wasn’t surprised at the coins.
D.The king achieved his goal at last.
3.What’s the right order of the fable？（ ）
①The king placed a stone in the street.
②A group of women passed it.
③A girl saw the stone and moved it away.
④A milkman crashed into the stone.
A.①②③④ B.①④②③
C.①②④③ D.④①②③
4.What do you think this fable mainly tells us？（ ）
A.Where there is a will， there is a way.
B.Everyone must shoulder his responsibility.
C.Chance favors only the prepared mind.
D.As you make your bed， you must lie on it.
Step 1 品教材课文 Step 2 析写作手法
THE STONE IN THE ROAD Once upon a time there was a king who often thought， “Nothing good can come to a nation whose people only complain and expect others to solve their problems.” One day， he had an idea. Early one morning， the king disguised himself and went to a local village.He placed a large stone in the middle of the main street and hid gold coins under the stone.Then he hid behind a huge maple tree and watched. The first person down the street was a milkman with his cart.He crashed into the stone， spilling the milk everywhere.“What fool put this stone here？” he shouted.He picked himself up and angrily went away. After a while， a group of women came along， each balancing a pot of water on her head.One woman tripped over the stone and her water pot went crashing to the ground.She picked herself up and limped away in tears.Neither she nor her friends thought about moving the stone out of the road. The king watched all day as many people complained about the stone， but he found nobody making an attempt to move it.The king was in despair.“Is there no one in this village who feels any responsibility to keep their neighbours from harm？” Just then， the king saw a young girl coming along.She was the daughter of a local farmer.She had been working all day and was very tired.But when she saw the stone， she said to herself， “This stone is a danger to anyone who comes down the street after dark.I’ll move it out of the way.” The girl pushed the stone with all her might.After a great deal of effort， she finally succeeded in moving it to the side of the street.Imagine her surprise when she saw the gold coins where the stone had been！ Just then， the king stepped out from behind the tree.“Oh sir，” the girl said， “does this gold belong to you？ If not， we surely must find the owner， for he will certainly miss it.” The king said， “My dear， the gold is mine.I put it in the road and moved the stone over it.Now the gold is yours， because you are the only person who has learnt the lesson I wanted to teach my people.” 学语言： 1.连接词： （1）第一段第一句中的Once upon a time 是常用的故事开头语，然后作者用One day开始叙述故事。 （2）第二至五段主要是按照时间顺序展开的，并运用了Early one morning， Then， After a while， all day等时间状语，使句子之间层次清晰、衔接紧密、语意连贯。 2.高级表达： （1）作者运用高频词汇complain， disguised， placed， hid 等词描写了国王的实际行动。 （2）作者运用She picked herself up and limped away in tears.描绘了一个女人被绊倒后的心理活动。 3.高级句式： （1）第一段中使用了高级句式：whose people only complain and expect ...为whose引导的定语从句。 （2）第三段第二句中的spilling the milk everywhere和第四段第一、二句中的each balancing a pot of water on her head和crashing to the ground等多处使用了动词-ing短语，使语言精辟简练，表达更加形象生动，故事情节波澜起伏。 （3）倒数第二段中的If not是条件状语从句的省略形式，既避免了重复又使语言更加精练，突显表达效果。 学结构：
【参考译文】
挡道的石头
从前有个国王，他经常思考：“如果一个国家的人民只会抱怨，而且总是期待别人来解决他们的问题，那么这个国家就不会有什么好事。”有一天，他想到一个办法。
一天清晨，国王乔装打扮一番后，来到了当地的一座村庄。他把一块大石头放在了主路的中间，并且在石头下面藏了几枚金币。然后，他就躲在一棵大枫树后观察。
路上走来的第一个人是推着车子的送奶工。他撞在石头上，牛奶四处飞溅。“哪个傻瓜把石头放在这里了？”他大喊道。他从地上爬起来，气呼呼地走了。
过了一会儿，一群女人走了过来，每人头上都顶着一罐水。其中一个女人被石头绊倒，水罐也摔到地上。她从地上爬起来，噙着泪一瘸一拐地走了。无论是她自己，还是她的同伴，都没有想到把石头从路中间挪开。
国王观察了一整天，看到很多人都埋怨这块石头，却没人试着把它挪开。国王陷入了绝望。“难道整个村子都没有一个人觉得有责任让邻居免遭不测吗？”
就在那时，国王看到一位小姑娘迎面走来。小姑娘是当地一位农民的女儿。忙活了一天，她疲惫不堪。然而，当她看到那块石头，她自言自语道：“对于天黑以后走在这条路上的人来说，这块石头很危险，我得把它从这条路上挪开。”
女孩使出了全身力气去推石头。费了好大一番工夫，她终于成功地把石头推到了路边。想象一下，当她看到原先石头所在之处的金币时有多么惊讶！
此时，国王从树后走了出来。“哦，先生，”女孩说道，“这些金币是您的吗？如果不是的话，我们得找到失主，他一定十分着急。”
国王答道：“亲爱的，金币是我的，是我把它放在了路上，然后把石头压在上面。现在，金币归你了，因为我想教给我的子民的道理，只有你一人学会了。”
Step 3 背出彩佳句
一、引述材料常用句型
1.After reading the story， I understand that we teenagers should find and make good use of our advantages， stopping complaining about the shortcomings all the time.
读了这个故事之后，我明白了我们青少年应该发现和充分利用我们的优势，停止抱怨自己的缺点。
2.I was deeply impressed with the film’s theme which is about protecting the Earth.
那部主题为保护地球的电影给我留下了深刻印象。
二、分析材料常用句型
1.The fable tells us that one good turn deserves another.
这个寓言告诉我们：善有善报。
2.As a matter of fact： the fable mirrors that different attitudes may bring about different results.
事实上，这个寓言反映了不同的态度会带来不同的结果。
3.So we should stay positive and value what we have instead of complaining too much.
所以我们应该保持积极，珍惜我们所拥有的，而不是抱怨太多。
4.This story indicates that those not blindly listening to other’s criticism or praise are more likely to obtain what they are pursuing.
这个故事表明，那些不盲目听从别人批评或赞扬的人更有可能获得他们所追求的东西。
5.So whatever you encounter， accept it willingly and use it to the fullest.
所以无论你遇到什么，欣然接受并充分利用它。
三、总结全文常用句型
1.Whenever I have the ability to help others， I should always lend a hand.
每当我能帮助别人的时候，我应该总是伸出援助之手。
2.As an old saying goes， “Union means power.”
俗话说：“团结就是力量。”
3.I strongly hope you can see the film and it won’t let you down！
我强烈希望你能看看这部电影，它不会让你失望！
本单元的写作项目是阅读一篇关于道德品质的故事，然后写一篇有关该故事的评论。请你根据我们刚学的寓言故事“挡道的石头”写一篇评论。
注意：1.写作词数应为80左右；
2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
一、合理布局，精心谋篇
第一段：简要介绍这个寓言故事的内容；
第二段：分析这个寓言故事反映的哲理；
第三段：表达自己的感悟和看法。
二、遣词造句，规范得体
1.
这个故事讲的是一个国王想要给他的民众一个教训。
2.
国王把一些金币藏在了大街上的一块石头下面。
3.
这个故事的目的是告诉我们：当遇到问题时，我们不应该抱怨和期待别人来解决它们。
4.
事实上，我们应该立即采取行动来处理我们日常生活中的问题。
5.
更重要的是，我们应该学习故事中总是关心他人的无私女孩，而不是学习其他自私的村民。
三、恰当衔接，自然过渡
6.用by doing ...合并句1和句2
7.用when doing ...升级句3
8.用主语从句升级句4
9.用rather than升级句5
四、认真誊写，赏心悦目
核心词汇集释
in tears流着泪；含着泪
【教材原句】 She picked herself up and limped away in tears.
她从地上爬起来，噙着泪一瘸一拐地走了。
【用法】
burst into tears 突然大哭起来 fight back tears 忍住眼泪 tears of joy 喜悦的泪水 hold back one’s tears 强忍住眼泪 be moved to tears 感动得流泪 be close to tears 几乎要流泪
【佳句】 ①Excited and moved， both of them were in tears.
既激动又感动，他们两个都泪流满面。
②Linda suddenly burst into tears and ran out.
琳达突然大哭起来，跑了出去。
【写美】 完成句子
①I was heartbroken to see . （读后续写之神态描写）
看到简泪流满面，我很伤心。
②When sensing she was lost in the forest， she .
当意识到自己在森林里迷路了时，她突然大哭起来。
③The moment they met， they hugged each other tightly and couldn’t .
他们一相遇，就紧紧地拥抱着对方，泪水控制不住地流了下来。
harm n.& vt.伤害；损害
【教材原句】 Is there no one in this village who feels any responsibility to keep their neighbours from harm？难道整个村子都没有一个人觉得自己有责任让邻居免遭不测吗？
【用法】
（1）do sb/sth harm＝do harm to sb/sth 对……有害 There is no harm in doing sth 做某事无害 （2）harmful adj. 有害的 be harmful to ... 对……有害 （3）harmless adj. 无害的
【佳句】 There is no harm in giving gifts to children， but they should not be rewards.给孩子们礼物没有什么坏处，但礼品不应该是奖品。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①You must also try your best to protect your eyes from （harm） things.
【写美】 一句多译
②空气污染很严重，所以户外运动可能对我们的健康有害。
→The air pollution is very serious， so taking outdoor exercise may .
→The air pollution is very serious， so taking outdoor exercise may .
a great deal （of）大量
【教材原句】 After a great deal of effort， she finally succeeded in moving it to the side of the street.费了好大一番功夫，她终于成功地把石头推到了路边。
【用法】
（1）a great deal意为“大量”，起名词作用，在句中可以作主语、宾语等。 （2）a great deal意为“非常；很”，在句中作状语，可修饰动词或形容词、副词比较级。 （3）a great deal of后跟不可数名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。
【佳句】 People suffered a great deal from the disaster， but they didn’t lose confidence in rebuilding their homes.
人们在这场灾难中遭受了巨大的痛苦，但他们并没有对重建家园失去信心。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①After taking some medicine， he felt a great deal （good）.
②A great deal of work （do） to improve people’s living standards in the past few years.
【写美】 完成句子
③I know because I have a fancy for history.
我对许多历史人物都很了解，因为我对历史很感兴趣。
重点句型解构
句型公式：独立主格结构
【教材原句】 After a while， a group of women came along， each balancing a pot of water on her head.
过了一会儿，一群女人走了过来，每人头上都顶着一罐水。
【用法】
（1）句中each balancing a pot of water on her head是一个由代词each和动词-ing短语构成的结构，充当句子的状语，这种语法结构被称作“独立主格结构”。 （2）独立主格结构：名词/代词＋形容词/副词/介词短语/doing/done/to do。
【品悟】 ①I was deeply moved by what he had done， my eyes in tears. （情感描写）
我被他的所作所为深深地感动了，我热泪盈眶。②A little boy came into the classroom， his face red with cold.一个小男孩走进了教室，他的脸冻得通红。
【写美】 完成句子
①The manager felt as if he were an ant on a hot pan， .
有许多事情要解决，经理觉得自己就像热锅上的蚂蚁。
②She rested her head on her husband’s shoulder， .
她把头靠在丈夫的肩膀上，脸上洋溢着幸福的笑容。
③ ， our classroom is well-ventilated.
所有的窗户都开着，我们的教室通风良好。
句型公式：neither ...nor ...既不……也不……
【教材原句】 Neither she nor her friends thought about moving the stone out of the road.
无论是她自己，还是她的同伴，都没有想到把石头从路中间挪开。
【用法】
（1）neither ...nor ...可连接两个并列的句子成分，连接两个主语时，谓语动词遵循“就近一致”原则。 （2）遵循“就近一致”原则的其他并列连词有： either ...or ...不是……就是…… not only ...but also ...不仅……而且…… not ...but ...不是……而是……
【写美】 完成句子
①I what had happened to him.
我既不知道也不关心他出了什么事。
②It is that matters.
重要的不是你说什么，而是你做什么。
③It is not you but she that .
该受责备的不是你而是她。
情感描写 ①passive adj.被动的；顺从的 ②despair n.绝望 vi.绝望；感到无望 vt.渴望；期望 ③complain vi.& vt.抱怨；发牢骚 complaint n.抱怨；投诉 ④tension n.紧张关系；紧张；焦虑 tense adj.紧张的，焦虑的 ⑤in tears 流着泪；含着泪
动作描写 ①faint vi.昏倒；晕厥adj.不清楚的；微弱的 ②replace vt.接替；取代；更换 ③assist vt.帮助；援助 ④carry sb through sth 帮助某人渡过难关 ⑤tend vt.照顾；照料 vi.倾向；趋于 ⑥trip over被……绊倒
第一步：完成句子雏形现
1.Susan had .
苏珊遭遇车祸，昏迷了。
2.She was blind forever.She threw her into .
她永远失明了，这使她陷入了愤怒、绝望、抱怨的世界中。
3. ， feeling as if a knife were cutting her heart.
她整天愁眉苦脸，以泪洗面，心如刀割。
4.Her husband， Mark， and determined to assist her to regain strength and confidence and step out of such a passive dilemma.
她的丈夫马克细致入微地照顾她，决定帮助她重获力量和信心，走出如此被动的困境。
5.Gradually， Susan’s tension .
苏珊的焦虑逐渐被信心代替了。
6.She whispered gently，“Mark， thank you. the tough situation.”
她柔声低语道：“马克，谢谢你。正是你帮助我渡过了难关。”
第二步：句式升级造亮点
7.把句2合并升级为分词作状语
第三步：过渡衔接连成篇
提示：完成课后作业 UNIT 2 Section Ⅳ
9 / 9Section Ⅲ Discovering Useful Structures
动词-ing形式作宾语补足语和状语
①...if they entrust me with that life， how could I refuse that trust， saying I’m cold， hungry， or tired？
②“Why should girls learn so much？ Finding a good husband should be their final goal！” her brother complained， thinking of the high tuition fees.
③Thinking of all the people still in need of help， Dr Lin opened a private clinic.
④At times she was even seen riding a donkey to faraway villages to provide medical care.
⑤The new People’s Republic of China saw Dr Lin Qiaozhi playing a key role.
【我的发现】
（1）动词-ing形式作状语的句子为句 。
（2）动词-ing形式作宾语补足语的句子为句 。
（3）动词-ing形式作主语补足语的句子为句 。
一、动词-ing形式作宾语补足语
动词-ing形式置于某些及物动词和宾语之后，补充说明宾语的动作或状态。在这种情况下，及物动词通常是表示感觉和心理状态的动词或使役动词。
When we returned to the school， we found a stranger standing at the entrance.
当我们回到学校时，我们发现一个陌生人站在大门口。
I felt somebody patting me on the shoulder.
我感觉到有人在拍我的肩膀。
1.在感官动词后作宾语补足语
在see、 hear、 feel、 watch、 notice等感官动词后，用动词-ing形式构成复合宾语，表示一个正在进行的主动动作，强调一个过程或一种状态。
In the crowded café， I heard a friendly voice saying， “You can share my table.”
在这个拥挤的咖啡馆，我听到一个友好的声音说：“你可以和我坐在一桌。”
Suddenly we heard someone knocking gently on the window.
我们忽然听见有人在轻轻地敲窗户。
名师点津
在see、 hear、 feel、 watch、 notice等感官动词后，既可用动词-ing形式构成复合宾语，也可用省略to的动词不定式构成复合宾语，两者之间有一定的区别。用动词-ing形式时，表示动作正在进行；用省略to的动词不定式时，表示动作的完成，即动作的全过程结束了。
Today on my way home， I saw a man running along the street hurriedly.
今天我在回家的路上，看到一个男人正匆忙地从街上跑过。
I saw him enter the room and take something away.
我看到他进入房间，并拿着东西离开了。
All his attention was fixed on the movie， so he didn’t even notice the boss enter the room.
他所有的注意力都集中在电影上，所以他甚至没有注意到老板进了房间。
2.在使役动词后作宾语补足语
使役动词 have、 keep、 get、 leave等接动词-ing形式作宾语补足语，表示“让……一直做某事”。
It’s cold.We should have the fire burning all the time.
天气冷。我们本应该让火一直燃烧着。
I’m sorry to have kept you waiting for so long.
对不起，让你等了这么久。
名师点津
（1）have/get＋宾语＋done意为“让别人去做某事”。
He will have/get the computer repaired tomorrow.
他明天让人给他修电脑。
（2）have＋宾语＋do sth意为“让某人去做某事”。
Mother has me go to the shop to buy some fruit.
妈妈让我去商店买一些水果。
（3）leave （使……处于某种状态）、 keep （使……保持某种状态）后一般跟分词作补语，而不跟动词不定式。
The firm went broke and left her looking for a new job.
公司破产了，促使她一直在找新工作。
【即时演练1】 单句语法填空
①Mr Smith suggested a good way to have her written English （improve） in a short period.
②Don’t leave the water （run） while you brush your teeth.
③Mother has the little girl （play） the piano this afternoon.
④He needed to have some paperwork （deliver） across the country the next day.
⑤Entering the room， I found Mary （sit） at the desk and （play） computer games.
3.在with复合结构中的使用
在with复合结构中，动词-ing形式充当宾语补足语，表示动作正在进行。
With the College Entrance Examination drawing near， many of us feel nervous recently.
最近，随着高考的临近，我们中有很多人都感到紧张。
名师点津
在with复合结构中，也可以使用过去分词和动词不定式作宾语补足语。
All the afternoon， he worked with the door locked.
整个下午，他都锁着门在房间里工作。
I can’t go out with all these clothes to wash.
有这些衣服要洗，我无法出去了。
【即时演练2】 单句语法填空
①I love my school with students （work） hard to realise their dreams and teachers （help） us like our parents.
②China’s image is improving steadily， with more countries （recognise） its role in international affairs.
③With Christmas （approach）， a Christmas party will be held in the school.
二、动词-ing形式作状语
动词-ing形式可以作状语，修饰动词，在句中表示时间、原因、结果、让步、方式或伴随状况、条件等。动词-ing形式作时间、原因、条件、让步状语时多位于句首；作结果、伴随状语时常位于句末。
1.表示时间
Having made full preparations， we are ready for the examination.
→After we have made full preparations， we are ready for the examination.
我们已经做好了充分准备，现在可以应考了。
2.表示原因
Being ill， he didn’t go to school yesterday.
→Since he was ill， he didn’t go to school yesterday.
由于生病，他昨天没去上学。
3.表示结果
His parents died， leaving him an orphan.
→His parents died and left him an orphan.
他的父母去世了，留下他成了孤儿。
名师点津
动词-ing形式和动词不定式作结果状语时的区别：
①动词-ing形式作结果状语表示自然而然的结果，有时可加thus表示强调；
Newly-built wooden cottages line the street，turning the old town into a dreamland.
新建的小木屋排列在街道两边，使这个古镇变成梦幻般的地方。
②动词不定式作结果状语表示出乎意料的结果，其前常加only表示强调。
The reporter hurried to the airport， only to be told the film stars had left.
那个记者急匆匆赶到机场，却被告知电影明星们已经离开了。
4.表示让步
Being tired， they went on working.
→Although they were tired， they went on working.
尽管很累了，可他们继续工作。
5.表示方式或伴随状况
He lay on the grass， staring at the sky for a long time.
→He lay on the grass and stared at the sky for a long time.
他躺在草地上，长时间地望着天空。
6.表示条件
Going straight down the road， you will find the department store.
→If you go straight down the road， you will find the department store.
顺着这条路一直走，你就会发现那家百货商店。
名师点津
动词-ing形式在句中作状语时，其逻辑主语必须是主句的主语；如果动词-ing形式的逻辑主语与主句的主语不一致时，应在动词-ing形式前加上其独立的逻辑主语，这便构成了动词-ing形式的独立主格结构，该结构在句中常作时间状语、伴随状语、原因状语、条件状语等。
The last bus having gone， we had to walk home.
末班车已经开走了， 我们不得不走回家。（having gone的逻辑主语是the last bus， 而不是we）
Weather permitting， the football match will be held on Friday.
天气允许的话，足球赛将在周五举行。（permitting的逻辑主语是weather，而不是the football match）
【即时演练3】 单句语法填空
① （finish） his homework， he was playing on the playground.
② （know） that you are interested in it， I’m pleased to tell relevant information to you.
③More highways have been built in China， （make） it much easier for people to travel from one place to another.
④ （work） hard at your lessons， you are to succeed.
⑤ （work） abroad for twenty years， the old man is on the way back to his motherland.
⑥ （be） responsible， honest and selfless， he is respected by everyone.
三、动词-ing形式作状语的注意事项
1.动词-ing形式的时态
动词-ing形式作状语时，要注意动词-ing形式的时间性，是用动词-ing形式的一般式（doing）还是用完成式（having done）。
（1）当动词-ing形式的动作与谓语动词的动作同时发生时，用一般式。
Walking in the street， I met an old friend of mine.（walking与谓语动词met同时发生）
走在大街上时，我遇到了一位老朋友。
（2）当动词-ing形式的动作先发生，而谓语动词的动作后发生时，用完成式。
Having lived in Beijing for many years， Carter knew the city well.（Having lived是先发生，knew是后发生）
因为在北京住了多年，卡特对这个城市很熟悉。
2.动词-ing形式的否定式：not＋doing； not having＋done
Not knowing the way， he got lost.
由于不认路，他迷路了。
Not having made full preparations， we put off the sports meeting.
因为没有做好充分的准备，我们把运动会推迟了。
3.独立成分作状语
有些动词-ing形式作状语在句中没有逻辑上的主语而独立存在，其形式的选择不受上下文的影响，表明说话者的态度、观点等，被称为评注性状语。常见的有：
providing如果
supposing假设，如果
honestly speaking说实话
generally speaking一般来说
strictly speaking严格来说
judging from/by根据……来判断
considering/taking ...into cosideration
考虑到……
Honestly speaking， if you put your heart and soul into learning， English is not that difficult for you.
说实话，如果你全身心地投入学习中，英语对你来说就没那么难了。
Judging from her reaction， she liked the birthday present.
从她的反应来看，她喜欢这份生日礼物。
【即时演练4】 单句语法填空
① （warn） by the teacher， the students didn’t make such mistakes.
② （fail） many times， he didn’t lose heart.
③ （dress） up， we went out to have some good local food and enjoy the celebrations.
④Generally （speak）， women are more patient than men.
operation n.手术；企业；经营
【教材原句】 During the operation， she sat in the waiting room for over an hour worrying about him.手术期间，她在候诊室里坐了一个多小时，为他担心。
【用法】
（1）perform an operation on sb 给某人做手术 put sth into operation 实施；运行 （2）operate vt.& vi. 操作；运转；动手术 operate on 给……动手术
【佳句】 ①The nurse tended the boy so carefully that he recovered from his heart operation soon.
护士细心照料这个男孩，使得他心脏手术后不久就康复了。
②The company will put its new marketing strategy into operation next month.
这家公司下个月将实施新的营销策略。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①Charles was at the clinic， recovering from an （operate） on his arm.
②To our great joy， the new machine is easy （operate）.
【写美】 完成句子
③It’s a wonderful plan， and he is just the man .
这是一个绝妙的计划，而他正是实施这个计划的人。
④The trainees are learning .
学员们正在学习如何操作新的计算机软件。
whisper vi.& vt.悄声说；耳语；低语n.耳语（声）；低语（声）；传言；谣传
【教材原句】 I saw her whispering something into his ear， obviously not wanting to be heard.
我看见她对他耳语了几句，显然不想被其他人听见。
【用法】
（1）whisper to sb 对某人耳语 whisper sth in/into one’s ear 在某人耳边低声说某事 （2） 低声说
【佳句】 He tried whispering in/into his father’s ear in the hope of waking him up.
他试图在父亲耳边低语，希望能把他唤醒。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①When I came in， I saw Linda （whisper） to her classmate.
②They sat at the back of the room， talking in （whisper）.
【写美】 完成句子
③In the wedding ceremony， Jack so that no one else would hear.
在婚礼上，杰克低声对她说话，以免别人听到。
assist vt.帮助；援助
【教材原句】 Despite the difficult situation， Dr Bethune did whatever he could to assist the Chinese people.
尽管处境艰难，白求恩大夫尽其所能帮助中国人民。
【用法】
帮助某人做某事 （2）assistance n. 援助；帮助 come to one’s assistance 帮助某人
【佳句】 John was quite pleased to assist Bernard in making and selling popcorn in the market.With the assistance of John， Bernard’s popcorn sold well.
约翰非常高兴帮助伯纳德在市场上制作和售卖爆米花。在约翰的帮助下，伯纳德的爆米花卖得很好。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①I am grateful to my headteacher who always assists me my learning.
②I hope you can come to my （assist） in this problem and thank you in advance.
【写美】 一句多译
③我喜欢做家务。我总是在饭后帮助父母洗碗。
→I love doing housework.I always after meals.
→I love doing housework.I always after meals.
in memory of作为对……的纪念
【教材原句】 After Dr Bethune’s death， Chairman Mao Zedong wrote an article in memory of him ...
白求恩大夫去世后，毛泽东主席写了一篇文章纪念他……
【用法】
in honour of 纪念；向……表示敬意 in search of 寻找 in charge of 负责；掌管 in need of 需要
【佳句】 ①Youth Day is celebrated on 4 May every year in memory of the Youth Movement in 1919.为纪念1919年的青年运动，每年的五月四日庆祝青年节。
②Scientists are in search of a cure for the disease.
科学家们想研究出治疗这种疾病的方法。
【练透】 选用左栏短语填空
①The manager coming from Italy is the company.
②People celebrate the Dragon Boat Festival Qu Yuan， who was a famous Chinese poet.
【写美】 完成句子
③Many Chinese universities provide scholarships for students .
许多中国大学为需要经济援助的学生提供奖学金。
提示：完成课后作业 UNIT 2 Section Ⅲ
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