【培优方案】UNIT 4　SPACE EXPLORATION（讲义）（教师版）英语（人教）必修第三册

单元质量检测（四）　SPACE EXPLORATION
（满分150分，时间120分钟）
第一部分　听力（共两节，满分30分）
第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1.Who is probably at college？（　　）
A.Liza.　　　　B.Peter.　　　　C.Grace.
2.How does the man feel now？（　　）
A.Cheerful.　　B.Unhappy.　　C.Afraid.
3.What does the woman want to learn next year？（　　）
A.Math.　　B.Science.　　C.Law.
4.What’s the probable relationship between the speakers？（　　）
A.Professor and student.
B.Boss and secretary.
C.Manager and applicant.
5.What is the weather like in the man’s hometown？（　　）
A.Warm.　　B.Comfortable.　　C.Wet.
第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）
　　听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
6.When does the man want to receive the sofa？（　　）
A.This weekend.
B.Next Wednesday.
C.Next weekend.
7.Where might the woman work？（　　）
A.At an express shipping company.
B.In a customer service centre.
C.In a furniture repair store.
听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。
8.What will the man do to keep dry？（　　）
A.Use an umbrella.
B.Put a newspaper over his head.
C.Put on a raincoat.
9.Where are the speakers？（　　）
A.In California.
B.In Arizona.
C.In Oregon.
听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。
10.What did the woman do？（　　）
A.An editor.　　B.A reporter.　　C.A teacher.
11.Why did the woman change her job？（　　）
A.She didn’t get a high salary.
B.Her workplace was too far from her new house.
C.She wanted to work in her husband’s company.
12.Where is the man moving to？（　　）
A.England.　　B.America.　　C.Finland.
听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。
13.Who has a piano class？（　　）
A.David.　　B.Julia.　　C.Alice.
14.Why does Julia make the phone call？（　　）
A.To ask about the fashion show at the fair.
B.To invite the man’s sister to the fair.
C.To offer information about the fair.
15.When are Julia and Macy going to the fair？（　　）
A.October 18th.
B.October 20th.
C.October 22nd.
16.What is the fair intended for？（　　）
A.Charity.
B.Friendship.
C.Entertainment.
听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。
17.What do we know about Walmart’s monthly sales in April？（　　）
A.They dropped suddenly.
B.They decreased slightly.
C.They reached the bottom.
18.How much was the decline of the sales？（　　）
A.5%.　　B.2%.　　C.3%.
19.What was to blame for the sales drop according to Walmart？（　　）
A.An optimistic forecast.
B.The modest goal.
C.Bad weather.
20.What does the company think of the decrease？（　　）
A.It’s unexpected.
B.It’s steady.
C.It’s slow.
答案：1－5　CBCBB　6－10　BBBCC
11－15　BACBC　　16－20　ACACA
听力原文：
（Text 1）
W：Hello？
M：Hi， Liza.It’s Peter.Is Grace there？
W：Oh， hi， Peter.No， she isn’t here at the moment.I’m afraid she’s at college this morning.Can I take a message？
（Text 2）
W：What’s the matter？You were really cheerful this morning but now you look rather upset.
M：I’m not very happy because I lost my wallet just now.I’m afraid I can’t find it.
（Text 3）
M：Mariam， tell us something about your life.
W：Well， I go to a private school.I’m studying four courses — math and three sciences.I want to go to university next year and study law.
（Text 4）
M：Susan， we’re going to hold a general meeting tomorrow at 7 a.m.You need to prepare the reports and make them in PowerPoint.
W：No problem， sir.I will be ready for that.
M：Remember to inform the managers to join the meeting.
W：Sure.
（Text 5）
W：How is the weather in your hometown？
M：Well， it’s not cold at all.It’s not exactly warm but it’s comfortable.While we were at your place， it rained a lot.
（Text 6）
W：Hello， you have reached the Furniture Warehouse.How can I help you？
M：Hello， yes.I need to schedule a delivery of a sofa for next week.I ordered it online yesterday， but I won’t be home this weekend to receive it.
W：That’s no problem， sir.What day next week would be best for you？
M：How about Wednesday？
W：Okay， Wednesday.Wednesday is July 25， right？
M：Yes， I believe so.
W：Great.Our team can deliver the sofa sometime between 9：00 a.m.and 3：00 p.m.
M：Wow， can you be more specific？I’m not going to be home all day， just in the morning.
W：Oh， I see.Well， I will make sure they arrive before noon.
M：Okay， thank you.
（Text 7）
M：It’s raining outside.Do you have an umbrella I can borrow？
W：No， I don’t.Don’t you have a raincoat？
M：I left it at home.I’m not used to the rain.I’ve lived in Arizona my whole life， and it barely rains there.
W：Well， now you’re in Oregon， so you’d better get used to it！
M：That’s for sure.It’s been raining here for two weeks straight！I guess I’ll just put The New York Times over my head and make a mad dash for my car.
W：It’s actually supposed to finally stop raining in a few days.I’m excited to be able to walk down the street without getting soaked.
（Text 8）
W：Hey， Tom， what are you doing here？
M：I come to put an advertisement in the newspaper.But what are you doing here， Susan？
W：I work here now.
M：Really？Why did you give up your teaching job in the English training centre？Didn’t you get a high salary？
W：My husband changed his job， and it took him a long time to get to the new office， so we moved.But it was a long distance from where I worked， so I decided to find a new job.
M：Oh， I see.
W：What kind of advertisement do you want to put in the newspaper？
M：I want to sell my house， as my wife wants me to move to England.She doesn’t want to live in America.
W：In that case， it might be hard to see you again.
M：I guess so.
（Text 9）
M：David speaking.
W：Hi.This is Julia.Is Alice there？
M：No.My sister is out.
W：Oh， it’s five fifteen.
M：She is out.Her piano class starts at six.
W：She must have gone to her class.Please ask her if she has time this Sunday.Macy and I are going to a fair.It aims to raise money for a children’s hospital.
M：OK.Today is the 18th of October， so this Sunday will be the 22nd of October.Would you like to leave her more information about the fair？
W：Yeah， please tell her the admission fee is twenty dollars.We can eat snacks， do crafts and play games.We can also watch a fashion show.Please ask if she’s interested in it.
M：OK.When will you meet her？
W：The fair opens at ten thirty and closes at five in the afternoon.We want to be there fifteen minutes before the fair opens.
M：All right.I’ll let her know when she gets back.Bye.
（Text 10）
M：Here is the news from Dallas.
Walmart posted its worst monthly sales results in history， declaring a large decrease in April.
Monthly sales measure sales gains or losses at stores open for at least a year.They are an obvious sign of the returns a supermarket earns， and thus an influence on the amount of profit it makes.Most US supermarkets are reporting their April results on Thursday.
Walmart’s 5% drop in the four-week period fell below its earlier forecast of “flat” sales of a 2% to 3% decrease.In a recorded phone message Thursday， Walmart blamed bad weather last month in most US areas.
Walmart’s chief financial officer warned a month ago that the company’s earlier goal of earnings for its latest quarter would be “a challenge” to achieve， considering what the company foresaw as a difficult April.The company didn’t provide an update.It did， however， predict a sales gain for this month of a small decrease.Walmart will report its results for its first quarter on Tuesday.
第二部分　阅读（共两节，满分50分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
　　阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
　　Day Trips & Tours from London
　　Golden Tours provides popular day trips in the UK to destinations！ Fully organised tours from London are well guided， and there’s no better way to begin an exciting adventure during a day trip from London.
　　Stonehenge Tour
　　Price： Adult： ￡54， Child： ￡51， Family （2 adults & 2 children）： ￡205
　　As one of the UK’s most famous attractions， Stonehenge promises to be an unforgettable experience.During this day tour， you’ll get to go up close to these ancient stones.There have been so many theories for its existence but this is your chance to work it out for yourself！
　　Leeds Castle Tour
　　Price： Adult： ￡95， Child： ￡86， Family （2 adults & 2 children）： ￡355
　　You couldn’t imagine a castle in a more beautiful setting！ Leeds Castle used to be the first choice for the royals to spend their summer vacation.During this private visit， your tour guide will show you how the Tudors lived here.This tour operates in English， Chinese， Japanese and Spanish.
　　Cambridge Tour
　　Price： Adult： ￡101， Child： ￡91， Family （2 adults & 2 children）： ￡374
　　You’ll get to visit the location of the University of Cambridge and the famous Senate House， once used for gatherings of the Council and now a traditional place for degree ceremonies.
　　Stratford-upon-Avon Tour
　　Price： Adult： ￡89， Child： ￡79， Family （2 adults & 2 children）： ￡326
　　Explore Stratford-upon-Avon， the hometown of Britain’s most celebrated writer — the influential William Shakespeare.The town is proud of its rich history and it’s the perfect place to find out more about Elizabethan history.
语篇解读：本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了四个从伦敦出发的旅游活动。
21.How much should a family of 1 adult and 2 children pay to visit Stonehenge？（　　）
A.￡108.　　　B.￡156.
C.￡159.　　 D.￡205.
解析：B　数字计算题。根据Stonehenge Tour部分中的Price： Adult： ￡54， Child： ￡51可知，一个成年人带两个孩子参观Stonehenge要花费156英镑。
22.What is special about Leeds Castle Tour？（　　）
A.It offers a summer camp for visitors.
B.It is the most beautiful castle in the world.
C.The royals will show you around the castle.
D.Multilingual （多语言的） guide services are available.
解析：D　细节理解题。根据Leeds Castle Tour部分中的This tour operates in English， Chinese， Japanese and Spanish.可知，Leeds Castle Tour的特别之处是提供多种语言的导游服务。
23.If you are interested in British literature， which tour would you choose？（　　）
A.Stonehenge Tour.
B.Leeds Castle Tour.
C.Cambridge Tour.
D.Stratford-upon-Avon Tour.
解析：D　细节理解题。根据Stratford-upon-Avon Tour部分中的Explore Stratford-upon-Avon， the hometown of Britain’s most celebrated writer — the influential William Shakespeare.可知，如果你对英国文学感兴趣，你应该选择Stratford-upon-Avon Tour。
B
　　After I graduated from the university， I got so pressured in finding a job.I did a lot of applications both online and handing in person to a particular company.It occurred， one day I went to hand in my CV （简历） to a certain company and I wanted to meet the human resource manager in person because I believed it was a better choice than leaving my CV at the reception.
　　Unfortunately， in this company the security lady at the reception did not allow me to see the human resource manager and instead asked me to just leave the CV with her and that she would deliver it.I was really disappointed since I knew she wouldn’t do that and my CV will just be thrown in the trash can， I thought so because it usually happens a lot in some other companies.So I just left with my head down and never thought about it again since I knew I would never get any feedback from the company.
　　Weeks passed and one day I received a call from an unknown number and guess what ...it was the human resource manager of that same company， I was really shocked since I did not expect it at all.So he said he received my CV and that he would work on it.
　　I was so happy and felt bad at the same time for doubting the security lady the other day.
　　This experience made me reflect on people around me and it was a reminder to believe in people and not assume things just because of the norm （常态）.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。作者通过自己一次投递简历的故事，告诉我们相信别人的重要性。
24.Why did the author want to meet the human resource manager？（　　）
A.He/She knew the manager.
B.His/Her CV would be read.
C.They had an appointment.
D.The security lady wasn’t friendly.
解析：B　推理判断题。根据第二段可知，作者认为，很多情况下放在前台的简历都会被扔到垃圾桶里。由此可知，他/她希望亲自见到人力资源经理是为了让自己的简历能够被人力资源经理看到。
25.What happened to the author’s CV in the end？（　　）
A.It was thrown away.
B.It was kept by the lady.
C.It reached the manager.
D.It was returned to the author.
解析：C　细节理解题。根据第三段可知，作者的简历最后到了人力资源经理的手里。
26.How did the author feel about the security lady？（　　）
A.Hopeful at first， and doubtful at last.
B.Surprised at first， and confused at last.
C.Satisfied at first， and disappointed at last.
D.Disappointed at first， and grateful at last.
解析：D　推理判断题。根据全文可知，作者开始被女保安拒绝，肯定感到生气和失望；后来让作者意想不到的是，自己的简历被女保安送到了经理手里，他/她应该感到吃惊和感激。
27.What message does the author intend to convey in this text？（　　）
A.Try to have trust in others.
B.Seek some help from others.
C.Have confidence in ourselves.
D.Keep on trying until you succeed.
解析：A　主旨大意题。综合全文可知，作者开始怀疑那位女保安，后来事实证明自己的怀疑是错误的，作者为此感到愧疚。最后一段是对全文的总结，提醒作者要相信别人。
C
　　In the near future， you may not be waiting for packages delivered by a truck — instead， they’ll come overhead， via drone.But they might look a little different from what you’ve seen before.The Federal Aviation Administration announced new rules Monday for what it calls “unmanned aircraft” that weigh more than 0.55 pound （or 0.25 kilogram） to operate around people.
　　Among the new rules， the FAA said drones will need to broadcast their identification through a new system called Remote ID， which will help the government track both the drones and their base “control” stations and this will address security concerns.And people who manage the drones will need to have a drone pilot’s license with them whenever operating the aircraft.
　　“The new rules make way for the further integration （融入） of drones into our airspace by addressing safety and security concerns，” said FAA Administrator Steve Dickson， in a statement.“They get us closer to the day when we will more routinely see drone operations such as the delivery of packages.”
　　The rules announced on Monday are the latest in a series of steps to fix regulations around drone deliveries and flights around the US.Both Amazon and UPS have been testing drone deliveries， indicating the technology isn’t far off.
　　“The framework is a critical step in allowing more complex UAS operations， with a focus on safety and security，” UPS said in a statement， referring to unmanned aircraft systems.The company added that the FAA’s moves “will advance the integration of drones into the National Airspace System”.
　　Various parts of the US government have expressed concern about how drones could be misused， a concern heightened by a series of incidents in 2018 in which drones caused Gatwick Airport in London to shut down.
　　It’ll be more than two years before the new rules go into effect， but civilian drones offered for sale in the US must be equipped with ID broadcast technology in 18 months， according to the FAA release.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。随着美国联邦航空管理局针对商用无人机新政策的出台，在不久的将来，无人机投送快递将成为现实。
28.Why will Remote ID be required for drones？（　　）
A.To guarantee safety.
B.To limit their activities.
C.To improve performance.
D.To increase their functions.
解析：A　细节理解题。根据第二段可知，根据美国联邦航空管理局的新政策，未来的商用无人机必须具备可以远程识别的ID，这样便于政府对其进行追踪并解决安全问题。
29.What was Steve Dickson’s attitude to the new rules？（　　）
A.Tolerant.　　B.Positive.
C.Skeptical.　　D.Objective.
解析：B　观点态度题。根据第三段可知，Steve Dickson认为，新规则将促进无人机融入领空，同时将促进无人机被更普遍地使用。
30.What does the author want to show by mentioning Amazon and UPS in Paragraph 4？（　　）
A.Drones will be used in different fields.
B.The new rules have been well received.
C.Drones will be used for carrying goods.
D.The new rules will make a big difference.
解析：C　细节理解题。根据第四段可知，作者提到Amazon和UPS，主要告诉我们这两家公司已经开始进行无人机投送快递的试验。
31.What was stressed about drones’ development in the last two paragraphs？（　　）
A.A bright future.　　B.Great potential.
C.Serious difficulties.　　D.Possible challenges.
解析：D　推理判断题。根据最后两段可知，美国政府的很多部门依然对无人机有很多担忧，因为它们往往会被误用和滥用，从而导致一些事故。这说明无人机未来的发展还存在一些挑战。
D
　　As an astronomer， I am accustomed to observing the universe in quiet places.I observe galaxies in the deep universe — places so far away that their light takes billions of years to reach our eyes.
　　Sometimes I wonder what our own galaxy looked like billions of years ago before our solar system was born.I often stare at the Hubble Deep Field （哈勃深空区） searching for clues： galaxies colliding （碰撞）， stars exploding， and stellar nurseries.Can looking to the stars bring us closer together？
　　A couple of months ago， Betelgeuse， a bright star in the Orion constellation （猎户星座） started to get dimmer and dimmer.Astronomers all over the world thought this might be a signal that the star was about to explode.Though it might not happen for another 1，000 years or more， still I went outside every night to check it out.I was hoping that it would explode.Imagine seeing a star shining as bright as the full moon even during the day.
　　I started dreaming about using such an event to remind everyone that stars produce nearly all of the chemical elements in the universe， which came directly out of the Big Bang.Everything we breathe， touch and see was made inside of stars.The iron in our blood， calcium in our bones， and almost the entire periodic table are products of stellar evolution.
　　Betelgeuse did not explode， and more recent observations note that it is actually returning to normal.But nothing is normal here on Earth now.I am beginning to realise that we did not need a star to explode to unite us.All we needed was a common problem.
　　I am hoping that everyone on the planet is saving some time to contemplate （凝视） the universe and to realise we are not alone.No matter where we are or who we are， we are on this planet together.Since we are all made of stars， looking up at the night sky gives us a glimpse of our past and our future， and we can contemplate both together.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章以一位天文学家对星空的观察和思考入手，提出“仰望星空可以拉近我们的距离”这一观点。作者建议人类应该重新审视自己的生存方式。
32.According to the article， what do we know about Betelgeuse？（　　）
A.It is a star the author tracked for years.
B.It will produce chemical elements if it explodes.
C.It is a normal star which is disappearing.
D.It will explode in ten thousand years.
解析：B　细节理解题。根据第四段中的to remind everyone that stars produce nearly all of the chemical elements in the universe， which came directly out of the Big Bang可知，宇宙大爆炸后，星球创造了宇宙中几乎一切的化学元素；而参宿四是一个星球，因此如果它爆炸，可以释放化学元素。
33.What does the underlined phrase “such an event” in Paragraph 4 refer to？（　　）
A.Betelgeuse’s potential explosion.
B.Betelgeuse’s getting dimmer and dimmer.
C.The author’s checking out every night.
D.A star’s shining as bright as the sun.
解析：A　词义猜测题。根据第三段中的Astronomers all over the world thought this might be a signal that the star was about to explode.可知，这个事件指的就是参宿四有可能会爆炸。
34.Why does the author write this article？（　　）
A.To advise others to stare at a potentially exploding star recently.
B.To research into the scientific mystery in the universe with readers.
C.To discuss the proper relationship between humans and the universe.
D.To advise us to think about the way human beings live in this world.
解析：D　写作目的题。根据第四段和最后一段可知，作者认为星球创造了宇宙中几乎一切的化学元素，也创造了人类；地球上的每一个人都应该仰望星空，因为这样我们可以看到我们的过去和未来，可以看到我们都在一起，并不孤单。由此可推知，作者写这篇文章的目的是建议我们思考人类在这个世界上的生存方式。
35.What’s the best title for this passage？（　　）
A.What Should an Astronomer Do？
B.Should We Know More About the Universe？
C.Looking to the Stars Can Bring Us Closer Together
D.Getting United Is a Problem Impossible to Solve
解析：C　标题归纳题。根据全文内容可知，作者从对星空的观察入手，讲到星球创造了宇宙中几乎一切的化学元素，也创造了人类；作者认为我们应该经常凝视星空，重新审视自己的生存方式，并看到我们并不孤单。因此C项（仰望星空可以拉近我们的距离）为本文最佳标题。
第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）
　　阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
　　Today let’s talk about bullying at school.Every day thousands of teens wake up afraid to go to school.36.（　　） And it has everyone worried， not just the kids on its receiving end.Yet because parents， teachers， and other adults don’t always see it， they may not understand how extreme bullying can get.
　　Bullying is when a person is picked on over and over again by an individual or group with more power， either in terms of physical strength or social standing.
　　37.（　　） Bullies pick on the people who they think don’t fit in， maybe because of how they look， how they act， their race or religion.
　　38.（　　） Others use psychological control or verbal insults （口头侮辱） to put themselves in charge.Verbal bullying can also involve cyberbullying — sending cruel texts， messages， or posting insults about a person on Facebook or other social sites.
　　One of the most painful aspects of bullying is that it is cruel.39.（　　） Guys and girls who are bullied may find their schoolwork and health suffering.Studies show that people who are abused by their peers are at risk for mental health problems， such as low self-esteem， stress， depression， or anxiety.
　　Bullies are at risk for problems， too.Bullying is violence， and it often leads to more violent behaviour as the bully grows up.It’s reported that 1 out of 4 elementary-school bullies will have a criminal record by the time they are 30.40.（　　） Bullies may also fail in school and not have the career or relationship success that other people enjoy.
A.Bullying has its different forms.
B.It is very difficult to deal with bullying.
C.Some bullies attack their targets physically.
D.Bullying is a problem that affects millions of students.
E.Some teen bullies end up being rejected by their friends as they grow older.
F.When it goes on and on， bullying can put a person in a state of constant fear.
G.Two of the main reasons people are bullied are because of appearance and social status.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。校园欺凌在世界各国都非常普遍，本文主要介绍了其原因及危害。
36.D　下句在说明校园欺凌的严重影响和危害，正好是对D项论述的进一步阐述和说明，故D项符合语境。
37.G　下文在具体论述校园欺凌发生的原因，是对G项这一概述的进一步阐释和说明，故G项符合语境。
38.C　Some ...others ...是一个固定句式。下文的Others ...提示我们这里应该选择C项，说明欺凌者的两种欺凌方式。
39.F　上下句都在说明欺凌所产生的不良影响和后果，故F项符合语境。
40.E　上文说明实施欺凌者长大后也会面临一些不良后果，E项正好也是负面影响之一，故E项符合语境。
第三部分　语言运用（共两节，满分30分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
　　阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
　　The summer after my first year of college， I had to get my first job.For me， it was a 　41　 moving from a dependent child to a more independent adult.I had never 　42　 a day in my life when I was in high school because my parents wanted me to focus on 　43　.
　　I printed out my resume and 　44　 dozens of applications.Those two weeks 　45　 by fast.I sent applications hoping to get my first couple of 　46　.I received no calls or emails.　47　， halfway through the third week， I finally 　48　 a call back from one of the places I applied to.We had set up a meeting time， and after my 　49　， I was more than ready to start working the following Monday.
　　When working， it was very 　50　 that I was a new guy.At times， some customers were always finding 　51　 with me.However， I eventually got along well with them after a couple of weeks.I always 　52　 the cheaper choices to customers unless they were rude.
　　Four weeks later， I was awarded the 　53　 employee of the month.At that moment， I felt like I had truly made it， and this was the first of many 　54　 I had received while working.It taught me a lot about responsibility and the 　55　 of working in a team.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者第一次工作的经历，他从这份工作中学会了责任和团队工作的重要性。
41.A.measure　　　　　　　B.idea
C.step　 D.way
解析：C　根据下文from a dependent child to a more independent adult可知，得到第一份工作，是作者从一个依赖他人的孩子到一个更独立的成年人的一步。
42.A.attended　　 B.tried
C.practiced　　 D.worked
解析：D　根据下文I was in high school可知，因为作者上高中时，父母要求他专注于学习，所以此处表示作者没有工作过。
43.A.study　　 B.grades
C.scores　　 D.future
解析：A　因为作者当时在上高中，所以父母要求作者专注于自己的学习。
44.A.took out　　 B.filled out
C.picked up　　 D.made up
解析：B　根据空前I printed out my resume可知，作者打印完简历后，要填写工作申请表格。fill out填写。
45.A.stood　　 B.showed
C.passed　　 D.caught
解析：C　根据下文by fast可知，两周的时间很快就过去了。
46.A.choices　　 B.reasons
C.results　　 D.cases
解析：A　根据上文I sent applications可知，因为作者把工作申请表发送出去了，所以此处表示作者期待得到可供选择的工作机会。
47.A.Besides　　 B.Thus
C.However　　 D.Anyhow
解析：C　上文说作者没有接到电话或邮件，下文说作者接到电话，此处前后表示转折关系。
48.A.took　　 B.put
C.kept　　 D.got
解析：D　此处前后表示转折关系，上文说没有电话或邮件，此处与上文表达相反之意，应该是接到一个电话。
49.A.challenge　　 B.interview
C.chance　　 D.speech
解析：B　根据下文I was more than ready to start working the following Monday可知，作者准备下周一开始工作，所以此处指面试结束后。
50.A.common　　 B.obvious
C.interesting　　 D.shocking
解析：B　根据文章第一句可知，因为这是作者的第一份工作，很明显作者是个新人。
51.A.trouble　　 B.information
C.fault　　 D.behaviour
解析：C　根据下文However， I eventually got along well with them after a couple of weeks.可知，有时候，有些顾客会挑作者的毛病。find fault with sb意为“挑某人的毛病”。
52.A.received　　 B.created
C.ordered　　 D.suggested
解析：D　根据空后the cheaper choices to customers可知，此处指作者给顾客一些建议。
53.A.smartest　　 B.prettiest
C.happiest　　 D.best
解析：D　根据下文At that moment， I felt like I had truly made it可知，作者成了当月最佳员工，在那一刻作者感到自己成功了。
54.A.achievements　　 B.gifts
C.requirements　　 D.tasks
解析：A　根据上文可知，作者获得“月度最佳员工”称号，所以此处指这是作者众多成就中的第一个。
55.A.possibility　　 B.chance
C.rule　　 D.importance
解析：D　根据语境可知，此处指的是团队工作的重要性。
第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
　　阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
　　The national college entrance exam in Russia， Unified State Exam， included Chinese as 56.　　　　　　 elective foreign language starting from 2019.Chinese has become the fifth elective test item for the Unified State Exam 57.　　　　　　（follow） English， German， French and Spanish.
　　The number of Chinese learners in Russia 58.　　　　　　（grow） quickly in the past decade， from 17，000 in 2007 to 56，000 in 2017， according to a survey 59.　　　　　　（conduct） by a linguistic research center in Russia last year.
　　Approaches to learning Chinese vary from person to person， 60.　　　　　　 university courses being the most favoured in Russia.
　　The three-hour-long Chinese test will quiz students on 61.　　　　　　 （they） listening， reading， and writing abilities and a fourth section will examine students on grammar， vocabulary and Chinese 62.　　　　　　 （character）.Some parts in the exam are even a little bit difficult for native Chinese speakers.
　　According to the Office of Chinese Language Council International （Hanban）， more than 100 million people， excluding native speakers， are using Chinese 63.　　　　　　 （global）.
　　The United Nations （UN） in 2010 suggested a Chinese Language Day 64.　　　　　　 falls on 20 April each year to celebrate cultural diversity as well as 65.　　　　　　 （promote） the equal use of all official languages.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。从2019年开始，俄罗斯高考中新增加汉语作为外语考试科目之一，这充分体现了汉语在全球的地位不断上升。
56.an　此处表示“一门或一种选修外语”，且elective的读音以元音音素开头，故填an。
57.following　设空处作状语，且表示主动概念，故填动词-ing形式following。
58.has grown　根据时间状语in the past decade可知，本句应用现在完成时；由于本句主语为The number of ...，因此谓语动词用单数形式，故填has grown。
59.conducted　此处表示该调查“被进行”，故填过去分词conducted。
60.with　此处是一个独立结构作状语，故填介词with。
61.their　设空处修饰后面的名词abilities，故填形容词性物主代词their。
62.characters　此处表示“汉字”，应用复数形式，故填characters。
63.globally　此处需要一个副词来修饰前面的动词using，故填globally。
64.which/that　本空前的Chinese Language Day为先行词，设空处引导一个限制性定语从句，故填which/that。
65.to promote　此处as well as连接两个并列的成分，故填动词不定式to promote。
第四部分　写作（共两节，满分40分）
第一节（满分15分）
　　假定你是李华，你的新西兰好友Chris给你发来邮件询问你对探索火星的看法。请你给他回复一封邮件，内容包括：
　　1.陈述你的观点；
　　2.说明你的理由。
注意：1.写作词数应为80左右；
2.请按如下格式作答。
Dear Chris，
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
Yours，
Li Hua
参考范文：
Dear Chris，
　　It’s lovely to hear from you.I’m very glad to share with you my views on exploring Mars.To be brief， I firmly believe it’s necessary and worthwhile to explore Mars.
　　To begin with， exploring space is a competition of comprehensive national strength.With advanced aerospace science and technology， China can stand proudly among the nations of the world.Secondly， by exploring Mars， studying its past and present and predicting future changes， we can better protect the Earth.Finally， it is also a goal to prepare for human migration to Mars.Seeking a second home has been the long-term goal of mankind and Mars is a potential alternative.
　　What do you think of the exploration of Mars？ Looking forward to your brilliant ideas.
Yours，
Li Hua
第二节（满分25分）
　　阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
　　（2024·沈阳五校高一下检测）To act with integrity （正直） was a habit with Susan who always follows the Golden Rule：“Do not do to others what you do not want others to do to you.” But when she thought over her past conduct， a blush of shame crept to her cheeks， as many little acts of selfishness and unkindness came back to her memory.She resolved that for the future， both in great things and small， she would remember and follow the Golden Rule.
　　It was not long after this that an opportunity occurred， which tried Susan’s principles.One Saturday evening when she went， as usual， to Mr Thompson’s inn， to receive the money of her mother’s washing for him， which amounted to five dollars， she found Mr Thompson apparently in a terrible rage with some horse dealers with whom he had been bargaining.He held in his hand an open wallet， full of bills and scarcely noticing Susan as she made her request， except to swear at her for troubling him when he was busy， he handed her a banknote.
　　Glad to escape so easily， Susan hurried out of the gate.Pausing to put the money safely in her purse， she discovered that he had given her two bills instead of one.She looked around； nobody was near and her first impulse was joy at the unexpected prize.
　　“It is all mine，” she said to herself.“I will buy my mother a new coat with it， and she can give her old one to my sister Mary， and then Mary can go to the Sunday school with me next winter.I wonder if I can buy a pair of shoes for my brother Tom， too.”
　　At that moment she remembered that he must have given it to her by mistake.But again the voice of the tempter whispered，“He gave it， and how do you know that he did not intend to make you a present of it？ Keep it！ He will never know it， for he had too many such bills in that great pocketbook.”
注意：1.续写词数应为150左右；
2.请按如下格式作答。
　　This conflict was going on in her mind between good and evil.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　“Sir， you paid me two bills instead of one，” she handed him the extra note.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
参考范文：
　　This conflict was going on in her mind between good and evil.She was hurrying home as fast as possible.However， before she got home， the Golden Rule sounded in her ears.Suddenly she turned around and rushed along the road with breathless speed.A few minutes later， she found herself at Mr Thompson’s inn.He was very surprised to see her.“What do you come back for？” he asked.
　　“Sir， you paid me two bills instead of one，” she handed him the extra note.Moved by the little girl’s honesty， Mr Thompson pulled out a shilling and offered it to her.Susan refused the money for she didn’t want to be paid for doing right — she only wished he wouldn’t think her dishonest.Desperate to tell her mother what she had done， Susan waved goodbye to Mr Thompson and returned to her humble home with a lightened heart.Never would she forget this day through the course of her whole life.
15 / 15UNIT 4　SPACE EXPLORATION
Keep your eyes on the stars， and your feet on the ground. —Theodore Roosevelt 仰望星空，脚踏实地。 ——西奥多·罗斯福 The Earth is the cradle of humanity， but mankind cannot stay in the cradle forever. —Konstantin Tsiolkovsky 地球是人类的摇篮，但人类不可能永远待在摇篮里。 ——康斯坦丁·齐奥尔科夫斯基
We are limited only by our imagination and our will to act. —Ron Garan 限制我们的只有我们的想象力和行动的意志。 ——罗恩·加兰 That’s one small step for [a] man， one giant leap for mankind. —Neil Armstrong 对一个人来说，这是一小步；对人类来说，这是一大步。 ——尼尔·阿姆斯特朗
1 / 1
双语名言
倾听英文好声音感悟人生正能量
Great quotes with positive energy
单元素养日标
(主题语境：人与自然一
太空探索)
语言能力
①必记单词
②重点短语
③经典句型
文化意识
astronaut
procedure
on board
1.动词不定式短语
了解太空探索的发展历程，以及中
mental
intelligent
carry on
作后置定语
国在太空探索方面的快速发展，培养科
rocket
gravity
in the hope of
学精神并乐观看待太空探索的前景。
vehicle
determine
doing sth
satellite
2.make+宾语+宾
launch
so as to (do sth)
orbit
语补足语
思维品质
giant
solar system
leap
mankind
figure out
了解一位合格的宇航员必须具备的
agency
data
result in
3.动词-ing短语作
素质和品质，增强对天文学知识的了
disappointed
desire
as a result
主语
解，并了解人类在太空探索方面所面临
independent
signal
provide for sb
的困难。
recycle
muscle
in closing
4.倍数表达法
lack
otherwise
run out
学习能力
beyond
current
④核心语法
⑤话题写作
sufficient
keen
掌握本单元关于太空的词汇及相关
语法知识，能够运用所学知识阐述关于
argue
shallow
动词不定式作
关于太空探索的
resource
attach
太空探索的观点。
定语和状语
议论文Section Ⅱ　Reading and Thinking
SPACE： THE FINAL FRONTIER
　　“Are we alone？ What’s out there？” People have always looked up at the stars and wondered about space.Today， scientists design vehicles① to carry astronauts into space to make important discoveries.Space exploration has come a long way②， and we now hope to discover other planets that are suitable③ enough to support life.
　　Before the mid-20th century， most people felt [1]travelling into space was only a dream that could never come true.However， scientists were determined to realise that dream.After many experiments， they succeeded in making rockets④ that could escape Earth’s gravity⑤.On 4 October 1957， the Sputnik 1 satellite⑥ was launched⑦ by the USSR and successfully orbited⑧around Earth.Afterwards， the USSR focused on⑨ sending people into space， and [2] on 12 April 1961， Yuri Gagarin became the first person in the world to enter space.Over eight years later， on 20 July 1969， American astronaut Neil Armstrong stepped onto the moon， famously saying， “That’s one small step for [a] man， one giant⑩ leap for mankind .” [3]Following this， there were many more important space achievements. For example， on 5 September 1977， America’s NASA space agency launched Voyager 1 to study deep space， and it still transmits data to this day.And the International Space Station （1998） has provided a continuous human presence in space， with astronauts from many different countries on board.
　　[1]句中travelling into space为动词-ing短语作主语。
　　[2]句中to enter space为动词不定式短语作后置定语，修饰the first person。当名词被序数词、形容词最高级修饰时，常用动词不定式作后置定语。
　　[3]句中Following this为动词-ing短语作伴随状语，follow和句中主语在逻辑上是主谓关系。
　　Although scientists try to make sure nothing goes wrong， accidents can still happen.For example， all the astronauts on the Soyuz 11， Challenger， and Columbia spacecraft died during their missions.However， while such disasters brought much sadness and disappointment ， the desire to explore the universe did not die.[4]This is because people believe in the importance of carrying on space exploration despite the huge risks.
　　China’s space programme started later than those of Russia and the US， but it has made great progress in a short time.[5]China became the third country in the world to independently send humans into space in 2003， when Yang Liwei successfully orbited Earth in the Shenzhou 5 spacecraft .Then Shenzhou 6 and 7 completed a second manned orbit and the first Chinese spacewalk ， followed by the vehicle Jade Rabbit being sent to the moon to study its surface.On 23 July 2020， China sent Tianwen 1 to explore the surface of Mars.It arrived in February 2021 and then sent back lots of valuable information.And from 2021 to 2022， China completed a number of rocket missions to establish its own space station.In 2022， the launch of the Mengtian module signalled the basic completion of the Tiangong Space Station.This modern space station will allow astronauts to conduct many important experiments， greatly furthering our understanding of the universe.
　　[4]句中 because引导表语从句，位于系动词之后，用于强调原因。
　　[5]句中when引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词2003。
　　The future of space exploration remains bright.Many countries have plans to further study planets like Mars and Jupiter.Despite the difficulties， scientists hope to make more valuable discoveries that will enable the human race to survive well into the future.
【读文清障】
①vehicle n.交通工具；车辆
②come a long way 有长足进步，有极大发展
③suitable adj.适合的
④rocket n.火箭；火箭弹
⑤gravity n.重力；引力
⑥satellite n.人造卫星；卫星
⑦launch vt.& n.发射；发起；上市
⑧orbit n.（环绕地球、太阳等运行的）轨道；势力范围
vt.& vi.沿轨道运行；环绕……运行
⑨focus on专注于
⑩giant adj.巨大的；伟大的
n.巨人；巨兽；伟人
leap n.跳跃；剧增；剧变
vi.& vt.跳过；跃过
mankind n.人类
agency n.（政府的）专门机构；服务机构；代理处
transmit vt.& vi.传输；发送
data n.[pl.] 资料；数据
disappointment n.失望；沮丧
desire n.渴望；欲望
vt.渴望；期望
desired adj.渴望的，想要的
carry on继续做，坚持干
despite prep.尽管；即使
make great progress取得巨大进步
spacecraft n.航天器；宇宙飞船
spacewalk n.太空行走；太空行走的时间
jade n.玉；翡翠；玉器
send back 发回；传回
mission n.使命；任务
establish v.建立
module n.舱；组件；模块
signal vt.& vi.标志着；标明；发信号n.信号；标志
conduct v.实施；进行
further v.促进；推动；增进
【参考译文】
太空：最后的边境
　　“我们是孤家寡人吗？外面还有什么呢？”人们一直仰望星空，对太空充满好奇。今天，科学家设计出飞行器，将宇航员送往太空，去做重大的发现。今天，人类太空探索已经获得极大的发展，我们现在希望发现能够维持生命存在的其他行星。
　　二十世纪中叶之前，大部分人认为在太空旅行是一个永远无法实现的梦。然而，科学家们决意要实现这个梦想。无数次实验之后，他们终于成功研制出能够摆脱地心引力的火箭。1957年10月4日，“旅伴一号”人造卫星在苏联发射升空，并成功环绕地球运行。之后，苏联专注于载人太空飞行。1961年4月12日，尤里·加加林成为世界上进入太空的第一人。八年后，美国宇航员尼尔·阿姆斯特朗于1969年7月20日踏上月球，说出了那句名言：“对一个人来说，这是一小步；对人类来说，这是一大步。”此后，人类取得了更多的重大太空探索成就。例如，为了研究外太空，美国国家航空航天局于1977年9月5日发射“旅行者一号”，该探测器至今仍在传回数据。 1998年建成的国际空间站使得人类可以持续在太空中开展工作，来自不同国家的宇航员已经在它上面了。
　　虽然科学家们极力确保万无一失，但事故仍时有发生。例如，“联盟11号” “挑战者号”以及“哥伦比亚号”的宇航员们在执行任务时全部遇难。然而，虽然这些悲剧使人倍感伤心与失望，但是，（人类）探索宇宙的愿望未曾磨灭。这是因为人们坚信太空探索的重要性，哪怕面临巨大的风险。
　　中国的太空项目起步晚于俄罗斯和美国，但在短时间内发展迅速。2003年，杨利伟乘坐神舟五号宇宙飞船成功环绕地球飞行，中国成为世界上第三个能够独立将人类送入太空的国家。之后，神舟六号和神舟七号分别完成了第二次载人环绕地球飞行及中国人的第一次太空行走。紧接着，“玉兔号”月球车飞抵月球，开展月球表面研究。2020年7月23日，中国发射“天问一号”探索火星的表面。它于2021年2月到达火星并传回大量有价值的信息。从2021到2022年，中国完成了许多火箭发射项目，来建立自己的太空空间站。2022年，梦天实验舱的成功发射标志着天宫空间站的基本建成。这一现代化的空间站将允许宇航员进行很多重要的实验，极大地促进我们对宇宙的了解。
　　太空探索的未来仍然是光明的。许多国家都已制订计划，将进一步研究和探索火星、木星等行星。尽管困难重重，科学家们希望能做出更多有价值的发现让我们延续生存，直到未来。
第一步：析架构理清脉络
1.Match the main idea with each paragraph.
Para.1 　A.What people achieved in the past years.
Para.2　　　B.Why people don’t stop exploring space despite the risks.
Para.3　　C.The future exploration in space.
Para.4　　　D.Human beings always want to explore space.
Para.5　　　E.The achievements which China has made.
答案：Paras.1－5　DABEC
2.What’s the main idea of the text？（　　）
A.Space exploration has always been difficult.
B.America leads the world in space exploration.
C.China has made great achievements in space exploration.
D.Mankind has been exploring space despite the huge risks.
答案：D
第二步：知细节明察秋毫
1.What do we know about Neil Armstrong？（　　）
A.He was from the USSR.
B.He was the first person to travel into space.
C.He was in charge of launching the satellites.
D.He was the first person to walk on the moon.
2.What is the function of the International Space Station？（　　）
A.Telling us the huge risks of space exploration.
B.Having astronauts from different countries on board.
C.Telling us the importance of carrying on space exploration.
D.Welcoming the brave people to pay a visit to it.
3.Which space programme was aimed at exploring Mars？（　　）
A.Tianwen 1.
B.Shenzhou 5.
C.The Mengtian module.
D.The vehicle Jade Rabbit.
4.How does the author support the theme of the text？（　　）
A.By giving examples.
B.By stating arguments.
C.By explaining statistical data.
D.By providing research results.
答案：1－4　DBAA
第三步：品佳句妙笔生辉
1.Read the passage carefully and find the sentences describing the mood.
　（1）However， scientists were determined to realise that dream.　
　（2）However， while such disasters brought much sadness and disappointment， the desire to explore the universe did not die.　
2.Read the passage carefully and find the sentence describing the benefits of the space exploration.
　Despite the difficulties， scientists hope to make more valuable discoveries that will enable the human race to survive well into the future.　
第四步：抒己见提升思维
1.What do you think of the space exploration？
　In my opinion， space exploration is not only necessary but also meaningful.We should spare no efforts to explore the universe and make it better serve human beings.　
2.If you are determined to be an astronaut， what should you do at present？
　To be an astronaut， first of all， I need to study hard to equip myself with advanced knowledge.What’s more， I should take exercise regularly to keep healthy physically and mentally.　
3.Why is China’s space industry developing so fast？
　For one thing， the Chinese government has been attaching great importance to space exploration.For another， the rapid development of China’s economy has laid a strong foundation for the space industry.　
第五步：辨难句拆分解读
1.However， while such disasters brought much sadness and disappointment， the desire to explore the universe did not die.
句式分析
自主翻译 　然而，虽然这些悲剧使人倍感伤心与失望，但是，（人类）探索宇宙的愿望未曾磨灭。　
2.Then Shenzhou 6 and 7 completed a second manned orbit and the first Chinese spacewalk， followed by the vehicle Jade Rabbit being sent to the moon to study its surface.
句式分析
自主翻译 　之后，神舟六号和神舟七号分别完成了第二次载人环绕地球飞行及中国人的第一次太空行走。紧接着，“玉兔号”月球车飞抵月球，开展月球表面研究。　
核心词汇集释
determined adj.有决心的；意志坚定的
【教材原句】　However， scientists were determined to realise that dream.
然而，科学家们决意要实现这个梦想。
【用法】
（1）be determined to do sth决定做某事（表示状态） （2）determine vt.　　查明；确定；决定 determine to do sth　　决定做某事（表示动作） determine on/upon （doing） sth　　决定（做）某事 （3）determination n.　　决心；决定
【佳句】　He made up his mind to study abroad， so he was buried in books， determined to improve his English.他下定决心去国外学习，所以埋头看书，决心提高英语水平。
【练透】　 单句语法填空
①I was familiar with the challenges David faced and was proud of his strong 　determination　 （determine）.
【写美】　一句多译
②随着母亲节的临近，这对双胞胎决定为他们深爱的母亲准备一顿美味的早餐。
→With Mother’s Day 　drawing near　， the twins 　were determined to prepare　 a delicious breakfast for their beloved mother.
→With Mother’s Day 　approaching　， the twins 　determined to prepare　 a delicious breakfast for their beloved mother.
launch vt.& n.发射；发起；上市
【教材原句】　On 4 October 1957， the Sputnik 1 satellite was launched by the USSR and successfully orbited around Earth.1957年10月4日，“旅伴一号”人造卫星在苏联发射升空，并成功环绕地球运行。
【用法】
launch an activity　　　发起一项活动 launch a satellite　　发射一颗卫星
【佳句】　①NASA plans to launch a satellite to study cosmic rays.美国国家航空航天局计划发射一颗卫星来研究宇宙射线。
②The company hopes to launch the new drug by next October.该公司希望在明年10月前推出这种新药。
【练透】　单句语法填空
①The campaign 　launched　 （launch） by our school aims to help the people in need.
【写美】　完成句子
②The government 　launched an activity to raise people’s awareness of　 paying attention to our traditional cultures.
政府发起了一项活动，以提高人们对我们传统文化的关注意识。
on board 在宇宙飞船上；在船上；在飞机上
【教材原句】　And the International Space Station （1998） has provided a continuous human presence in space， with astronauts from many different countries on board.
1998年建成的国际空间站使得人类可以持续在太空中开展工作，来自不同国家的宇航员已经在它上面了。
【用法】
go on board　　　　　　上船；上火车；上飞机 above board　　光明正大的 go/get aboard （the ship/plane/train）　　上（船/飞机/火车） boarding card　　登机牌
【佳句】　Have the passengers gone on board yet？
旅客已经上船/飞机了吗？
【写美】　一句多译
六个月前，谢磊告别了她在中国的家人和朋友，登上了飞往伦敦的飞机。
→Six months ago， Xie Lei said goodbye to her family and friends in China and 　went on board for London　.
→Six months ago， Xie Lei said goodbye to her family and friends in China and 　went/got aboard （the plane） for London　.
disappointment n.失望；沮丧
【教材原句】　However， while such disasters brought much sadness and disappointment， the desire to explore the universe did not die.然而，虽然这些悲剧使人倍感伤心与失望，但是，（人类）探索宇宙的愿望未曾磨灭。
【用法】
（1）to one’s disappointment　　　使某人感到失望的是 in disappointment　　失望地 （2）disappointed adj.　　失望的；沮丧的 be disappointed at/by sth　　对某事感到失望 be disappointed in/with sb　　对某人失望 be disappointed to do sth　　对做某事感到失望 （3）disappoint vt.　　使失望 disappointing adj.　　令人失望的
【佳句】　①I was disappointed not to be chosen.
我没被挑中，感到很沮丧。
②To my disappointment， I was disappointed to find I failed the exam and the disappointing result disappointed my parents as well.
令我感到失望的是，我失望地发现我没有通过考试，这个失望的结果也让我的父母失望。
【练透】　单句语法填空
①Only a few people were in support of his plan， which made him very 　disappointed　 （disappoint）.
②　Disappointed　 （disappoint） and helpless， Jane knelt down， tears of regret streaming down her cheeks.
【写美】　一句多译
③令我感到非常失望的是，我父亲总是让我上交我挣的所有钱。
→　To my great disappointment　， my father would always make me hand in all the money I earned.
→　What disappointed me most/What made me most disappointed　 was that my father would always make me hand in all the money I earned.（what引导主语从句）
desire n.渴望；欲望 vt.渴望；期望
【用法】
（1）have a desire （2）desire （sb） to do sth　 　想要（某人）做某事 desire that ...（should） do ...　渴望……
【佳句】　This time I would not hide my desire any more.Determined to follow my heart， I explained to my father how I felt.
这一次我再也不会掩饰我的欲望了。我下定决心遵从自己的内心，向父亲解释了自己的感受。
【点津】　 desire后的主语从句、宾语从句和同位语从句的谓语动词用“should＋动词原形”，should可以省略。
【练透】　单句语法填空
①Everyone has a desire 　for　 success while success only belongs to the hard-working people.
＝Everyone has a desire 　to succeed　 （succeed） while success only belongs to the hard-working people.
②We desire that immediate help 　be given　 （give）to the local people who were in trouble.
【写美】　完成句子
③Since I have difficulty adapting to the new surroundings， I 　desire you to offer me　 some suggestions.（求助信）
由于我很难适应新环境，我希望你能给我一些建议。
carry on 继续做，坚持干
【教材原句】　This is because people believe in the importance of carrying on space exploration despite the huge risks.这是因为人们坚信太空探索的重要性，哪怕面临巨大的风险。
【用法】
（1）继续做某事 （2）carry out　　贯彻；执行；实施
【佳句】　Firstly， I desire that you （should） carry on practicing your oral English to succeed in the next competition.
首先，为了在下次比赛中成功，我希望你继续练习你的英语口语。
【练透】　单句语法填空
①They decided to carry on 　running　 （run） in spite of the bad weather.
②Having read stories of Lin Qiaozhi， the girl was determined to carry on 　with　 her good work.
【写美】　完成句子
③With the father’s guidance， the twins 　carried on cooking the Mother’s Day breakfast　.
在爸爸的指导下，双胞胎继续做母亲节早餐。
independently adv.独立地；自立地
【教材原句】　China became the third country in the world to independently send humans into space in 2003， when Yang Liwei successfully orbited Earth in the Shenzhou 5 spacecraft.2003年，杨利伟乘坐神舟五号宇宙飞船成功环绕地球飞行，中国成为世界上第三个能够独立将人类送入太空的国家。
【用法】
（1） independent adj.　　 　独立的；自立的 be independent from　　独立于……之外 （2）independence n.　　独立 gain independence from　　脱离……获得独立
【佳句】　We are old enough to be independent of our parents.
我们已经长大了，可以不依赖父母了。
【练透】　单句语法填空
①Instead of helping them from the very beginning， parents should leave their children to think 　independently　 （independent） about how to deal with the problems they encounter.
②To gain 　independence　 （independent） from my parents， I would earn a living on my own.
signal vt.& vi.标志着；标明；发信号 n.信号；标志
【教材原句】　In 2022， the launch of the Mengtian module signalled the basic completion of the Tiangong Space Station.2022年，梦天实验舱的成功发射标志着天宫空间站的基本建成。
【用法】
（1）signal （to） sb to do sth　　示意某人做某事 signal （sb） that　　示意（某人）…… signal ...to sb　　向某人示意…… （2）traffic signals 　　交通信号灯
【佳句】　Whether walking， biking or riding a bus to school， you should obey all traffic signals， signs and instructions from traffic officers.
无论是步行、骑自行车还是坐公共汽车上学，你都应该遵守所有交通信号灯、标志和交警的指示。
【练透】　单句语法填空
①The instructor signalled to us 　to carry　 （carry） on with our experiment.
②In our class， when the bell rang， it was 　a　 signal for everyone to stand up.
【写美】　完成句子
③The Lantern Festival falls on the fifteenth day of the first lunar month， 　signalling the end of the Spring Festival celebrations　.
农历正月十五是元宵节，标志着春节庆祝活动的结束。
so as to （do sth） 为了；以便
【教材原句】　Despite the huge risks though， people will always continue to explore this final frontier so as to learn its secrets.尽管存在巨大的风险，但人们将继续探索这最后的边境来了解其奥秘。
【用法】
in order to　　　　　　　　　为了 　　以便
【佳句】　I choose to listen to audio books so as/in order to protect my eyesight.
＝I choose to listen to audio books so that/in order that I can protect my eyesight.
我选择听有声书是为了保护我的视力。
【写美】　一句多译
为了丰富我们的校园生活，我们学校于上周日组织了一次5公里越野跑比赛。
→Our school organised a 5 km cross-country running race last Sunday 　in order to/so as to enrich our campus lives　.
→Our school organised a 5 km cross-country running race last Sunday 　so that/in order that we could enrich our campus lives　.
重点句型解构
句型公式：动词不定式短语作后置定语
【教材原句】　Afterwards， the USSR focused on sending people into space， and on 12 April 1961， Yuri Gagarin became the first person in the world to enter space.
之后，苏联专注于载人太空飞行。1961年4月12日，尤里·加加林成为世界上进入太空的第一人。
【用法】
动词不定式作后置定语有以下三种情况： （1）当中心词是序数词或被序数词修饰时； （2）当中心词被形容词最高级、the next、the only等修饰时； （3）位于抽象名词ability、 chance、 anxiety、 attempt等之后时。
【品悟】　①I would really like to interview Yang Liwei because he is the first Chinese to go to space.
我真的想采访杨利伟，因为他是第一个去太空的中国人。
②Mo Yan is the first Chinese writer to win the Nobel Prize in literature.
莫言是第一位获得诺贝尔文学奖的中国作家。
【写美】　完成下面语段
Firstly， I am the first student in my class 　to study abroad　，so I have the ability 　to communicate with others　 freely in English.Secondly，if I have the chance 　to be accepted as　 your teaching assistant， I will make every attempt 　to serve my classmates.I am greatly convinced that I am the most suitable person 　to take on the position　. （申请信）
首先，我是我们班第一个在国外学习的学生，因此我有能力用英语流利地和其他人交流。其次，如果我有机会被接受成为你的助教，我会尽力为同学们服务。我深信我是担任这个职位最合适的人选。
句型公式：while引导让步状语从句
【教材原句】　However， while such disasters brought much sadness and disappointment， the desire to explore the universe did not die.然而，虽然这些悲剧使人倍感伤心与失望，但是，（人类）探索宇宙的愿望未曾磨灭。
【用法】
句中while是从属连词，意为“虽然；尽管”，可以用although或though替换。
【品悟】　①While there was no conclusive evidence， most people thought he was guilty.
虽然没有确凿的证据，但大多数人认为他有罪。
②While I accept that he’s not perfect in many respects， I do actually quite like the man.虽然我承认他在很多方面并不完美，但我确实很喜欢他。
【写美】　完成句子
①　While I admit that there are problems　， I don’t agree that they cannot be solved.
尽管我承认有问题存在，但我不同意说这些问题不能解决。
②　While I fully understand your point of view　， I do also have some sympathy with Michael’s.
虽然我完全理解你的观点，但我对迈克尔的观点也确实比较赞同。
句型公式：because引导表语从句
【教材原句】　This is because people believe in the importance of carrying on space exploration despite the huge risks.这是因为人们坚信太空探索的重要性，哪怕面临巨大的风险。
【用法】
This/That is because ... 这/那是因为…… This/That is why ...　　这/那就是……的原因 The reason why ...is that ... 　　……的原因是……
【品悟】　①He was late for the meeting.That’s because he was caught in the traffic jam.
他开会迟到了，那是因为他遇到了交通堵塞。
②She quitted her job.That’s because her wage was too low.
她辞去了工作。那是因为她的工资太低了。
【写美】　一句多译
我不去那里的原因是我正在准备即将到来的国庆节表演。
→The reason 　why I won’t go there is that　 I am preparing performances for the coming National Day.
→I won’t go there， 　that’s because　 I am preparing performances for the coming National Day.
→I am preparing performances for the coming National Day， that’s 　why I won’t go there　.
维度一：品句填词
1.We have 　launched　 （发起） a series of campaigns so as to strengthen people’s awareness of taking exercise.
2.As we all know， Yang Liwei and Wang Yaping are famous 　astronauts　 （宇航员） in China.
3.Chest pains can be a warning 　signal　 （信号） of heart problems.
4.Roy didn’t do well in the exam， making his parents 　disappointed　 （失望的）.
5.We made up our minds to carry on with two 　independent　 （独立的） studies.
6.The 　determined　 （意志坚定的） expression on his face suggested that he wouldn’t give in.
7.My friend Li Ming had the desire　 to make a robot himself as a child.
8.Our goal is to create a peaceful community with shared future for mankind　.
维度二：单句语法填空
1.The campaign of “building a green campus” 　has been launched　 （launch） in our school recently.
2.These disasters made everyone sad and 　disappointed　 （disappoint）， but the desire 　to explore　 （explore） the universe never died.
3.As the train was pulling out， the boy waved his hands to his parents 　on　 board， with tears rolling down his cheeks.
4.He imagined all sorts of exciting things about living 　independently　 （independent） and teaching in a village.
5.She was the first woman astronaut 　to give　 （give） a video lecture in space while orbiting in the capsule.
6.　Determined　 （determine） to give his mother a surprise， Tom arrived home ahead of time.
7.Although she had some health problems， she carried on 　working　 （work） hard late into the night.
维度三：固定搭配和句式
1.Encouraged by what the teacher said， the boy returned to his seat， 　determined to study harder　.
受到老师话语的鼓舞，那个男孩回到了座位上，决心更加努力学习。
2.Our teacher demands that we should exercise for an hour every day 　so as to/in order to keep healthy　.
我们的老师要求我们每天锻炼一个小时，以便保持健康。
3.I have a good command of English and am easy to get along with.　That’s why I’m writing to apply for the job　.
我精通英语，而且容易相处。那就是我写信申请这份工作的原因。
4.Only in this way can they grow up to 　be independent and become truly successful　.
只有用这种方式他们才能独立成长、真正成功。
5.As a result， I am writing the letter 　in the hope of offering you some practical tips　.
因此，我写信希望给你一些实用的建议。
6.In the China-Ireland Cultural Festival， I have 　not only broadened my horizons but also appreciated　 the two splendid civilizations.
在“中国—爱尔兰文化节”，我不仅开阔了视野，而且还欣赏了两种灿烂的文明。
维度四：课文语法填空
　　Thanks to the ongoing effort of 1.　determined　 （determine） scientists， the dream of travelling into space in the hope of 2.　finding　 （find） out more about the universe has come true.However， 3.　exploring　 （explore） space is both dangerous and challenging.One of the most dangerous 4.　parts　 （part） of space exploration is helping people escape Earth’s gravity.If there is a mistake during the launch or return， it can lead to an accident 5.　that/which　 kills everyone 6.　on　 board.In spite of the huge risks， people will always continue 7.　to explore　 （explore） this final frontier.Though starting late， China 8.　has made　 （make） great progress in a short time and become the third country to 9.　independently　 （independence） send humans into space.Chang’e 4 with Jade Rabbit explored 10.　the　 surface of the far side of the moon.
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
　　（2024·临沂高一下期末）On 22 January 2022， the British-Belgian 19-year-old， Rutherford， successfully landed her microlight aircraft back at the airport， from where she had departed 155 days ago， fulfilling her dream to be the youngest woman to fly around the world solo.
　　“I feel incitant not only to break the Guinness World Record， but also to narrow the gender gap by 11 years between the current youngest man record holder， 18 at the time of his record， and the previous woman record holder， who was 30 when she completed her ‘Dreams Soar’ around-the-world flight.” Rutherford wrote on her blog.Rutherford’s journey crossing five continents and 52 countries began on 18 August 2021.She met many unexpected delays along the way.They included an unscheduled stop in California， due to the fierce wildfires and a stop in Alaska， to renew her visa.She also faced several challenges in the air.Despite the severe difficulties， the determined young pilot never gave up on her dream.
　　Rutherford grew up around airplanes.Her British father flies commercially， while her Belgian mother is also a pilot.The young girl began learning how to fly at age 14 and got her flight license in 2020.With her goal of flying around the world completed， Rutherford now has her sights set even higher.She wants to become an astronaut and explore space.
　　She hopes that her journey will encourage more young women to pursue careers in flight.Currently the number of women pilots is just 5 percent.Rutherford says， “It’s an easy thing to say， but just go for it.If you don’t try and see how high you can fly， then you’ll never know.”
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。19岁的比利时裔英国人Rutherford成功实现了她成为独自环球飞行的最年轻女性的梦想。她的故事激励着更多的人树立远大目标，克服困难，努力奋斗去实现自己伟大的梦想。
1.What does the underlined word “incitant” in Paragraph 2 probably mean？（　　）
A.Unhappy.　　　　　　　 B.Excited.
C.Surprised.　　 D.Frightened.
解析：B　词义猜测题。根据语境可知，Rutherford完成了独自环球飞行，打破了吉尼斯世界纪录，实现了自己的梦想。由此可知，Rutherford应该是激动的、兴奋的。
2.Why did Rutherford have to stop in California？（　　）
A.The wildfires were too fierce.
B.Her visa was due.
C.The weather was too severe.
D.Her engine broke down.
解析：A　细节理解题。根据第二段中的They included an unscheduled stop in California， due to the fierce wildfires可知，Rutherford因为野火太猛烈不得不在加利福尼亚停留。
3.What’s the purpose of Paragraph 3？（　　）
A.To turn to a new topic.
B.To state her admirable talents.
C.To summarize her achievements.
D.To add some background information.
解析：D　推理判断题。根据第三段中的Rutherford grew up around airplanes.Her British father flies commercially， while her Belgian mother is also a pilot.The young girl began learning how to fly at age 14 and got her flight license in 2020.等内容可知，本段的目的是增加一些背景信息。
4.What does the passage try to convey？（　　）
A.Dream big and aim high.
B.Life is not all roses.
C.Not to advance is to go back.
D.The greatest talkers， the least doers.
解析：A　主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文主要讲述了19岁的比利时裔英国人Rutherford成功实现了她成为独自环球飞行的最年轻女性的梦想。她的故事激励着更多的人树立远大目标，克服困难，努力奋斗去实现自己伟大的梦想。
B
　　（2024·浙江四校高一下联考）For most people， getting to the stars is nothing more than a dream.On 28 April 2001， Dennis Tito achieved that lifelong goal — but he wasn’t a typical astronaut.Tito， a wealthy businessman， paid $20 million for a seat on a Russian Soyuz spacecraft to be the first tourist to visit the International Space Station.Only seven people have followed suit in the 20 years since， but that number is about to double in the next 12 months alone.
　　NASA has long been hesitant to play host to space tourists， so Russia has been the only option available for those looking for this kind of extreme adventure.However， it seems the rise of private space companies is going to make it easier for regular people to experience space.
　　Personally， I see the beginning of an era in which more people can experience space.With companies like SpaceX and Blue Origin hoping to build a future for humanity in space， space tourism is a way to demonstrate both the safety and reliability of space travel to the general public.
　　Flights to space like Dennis Tito’s are expensive for a reason.A rocket must burn a lot of costly fuel to travel high and fast enough to enter Earth’s orbit.
　　Another cheaper possibility is a suborbital （亚轨道的） launch， with the rocket going high enough to reach the edge of space and coming right back down.While passengers on a suborbital trip experience weightlessness and incredible views， these launches are more accessible.
　　To our joy， three companies led by billionaire CEOs have emerged as the major players： Virgin Galactic， Blue Origin， and SpaceX.
　　Now， SpaceX has two tourist launches planned.These trips will be costly， at $55 million for the flight.Blue Origin’s and Virgin Galactic’s suborbital trips are far more reasonable in cost， with both priced between $200，000 and $250，000.Though these prices are high， it is worth considering that Dennis Tito’s $20 million ticket in 2001 could pay for 100 flights on Blue Origin soon.The experience of viewing the Earth from space， though， may prove to be priceless for a whole new generation of space explorers.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。随着美国民营航天业的发展，太空之旅离我们越来越近了。
5.What makes space travel easier for common people？（　　）
A.Russia’s exploration in space.
B.NASA’s accepting space tourists.
C.The first space tour made by Dennis Tito.
D.The appearance of private space companies.
解析：D　细节理解题。根据第二段中的the rise of private space companies is going to make it easier for regular people to experience space可知，民营航天业的崛起，将使得人们未来的太空之旅变得越来越容易。
6.What’s the author’s attitude to space tourism？（　　）
A.Positive.　　　　　B.Curious.
C.Worried.　　 D.Doubtful.
解析：A　观点态度题。根据第三段中的space tourism is a way to demonstrate both the safety and reliability of space travel to the general public可知，作者很看好未来太空旅游业，他认为太空旅游将是安全和可靠的。
7.What can we learn about a suborbital launch？（　　）
A.It will increase the cost.
B.It will lower the standards.
C.It will offer a better experience.
D.It will make people travel farther.
解析：B　推理判断题。第四段指出，太空旅游对速度和高度都要求很高，成本也极其高昂；第五段提出另一种比较便宜可行的方案——亚轨道发射。由此可以判断，它必然是为了降低成本而降低了发射标准。
8.What does the author think of Blue Origin’s and Virgin Galactic’s suborbital trips？（　　）
A.They are unreasonably expensive.
B.They are relatively cheaper indeed.
C.They are not worth the money.
D.They are affordable to the public.
解析：B　细节理解题。根据最后一段可知，虽然Blue Origin和Virgin Galactic这两家公司的票价也很高昂，但是与Dennis Tito 2001年的票价相比较就低得多了。
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
　　（2024·石家庄高一下质检）Would you like to simplify your work and life？ Is the amount of work you face so frightening that you often fall behind？ Does it seem that work controls you， rather than the other way round？
　　9.（　　） A large number of managers — especially in these difficult times — feel like that.But there is a solution.And that solution will not only improve your performance but also enable you to do so by working less hard.
　　Yes， really.10.（　　）
　　Most companies， and certainly most managers， focus on inputs rather than outputs.They look at process — the 1001 tasks you have to do each week.But they should be looking at results — specifically at what produces the best results.11.（　　）
　　As you will discover， most great results are achieved through relatively little action and energy.But the small inputs that produce big results are generally hidden by a mass of inputs that produce a few good results， and often many bad panies and managers tend to look at averages， not extremes.Yet， surprisingly， these are what really matter.
　　12.（　　） It was first outlined over a hundred years ago by the Italian economist Vilfredo Pareto.The “Pareto Rule” — or， as I call it， the 80/20 Principle/Rule （or simply the Principle） — is the observation that if you divide the world into causes and results， relatively few causes （roughly 20 percent） nearly always lead to most of the results （roughly 80 percent）.13.（　　）
　　Time and again it has been shown that a few products， customers and decisions account for most of a firm’s profits.
A.If so， you’re not alone.
B.The Principle has caused debate all over the world.
C.We know this because of a strange economic principle.
D.The answer is to become a much more effective manager.
E.It helps us to identify those few activities that we should engage in.
F.When you really examine what produces great results， the answer is surprising.
G.Thus， a small number of people are responsible for most human progress （and indeed most human disasters）.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章简要介绍了商业社会著名的“二八定律”，又叫“80/20定律”。
9.A　上文提出了一些有关工作重负的问题，下文说很多职业经理人都面临这样的问题，A项正好承上启下。
10.D　上文作者指出有解决问题的方案，下文应该具体说明该方案的内容，故D项符合语境。
11.F　上文建议我们应该更多地关注结果，F项是针对“结果”的进一步说明。
12.C　上段列举了人们有关“投入与产出”的吃惊发现，下文在介绍80/20定律，C项正好引出此话题。
13.G　上文解释了80/20定律，G项是对此定律的进一步解释和说明。
Ⅲ.完形填空
　　（2024·河南六校高一下联考）“Is there a doctor aboard？” No physician wants to hear these words while flying.We were over the North Atlantic， and my husband and I were on our way home from a European holiday.The cabin （座舱） was darkened for the in-flight 　14　 when “Wake up！ Oh， help！” 　15　.
　　I was out of my seat， fast.The flight attendants and I arrived together to see a 　16　 elderly woman holding the hand of her husband， who wasn’t 　17　 to her.His head was back， his mouth open.
　　I did a quick 　18　： irregular but steady 　19　， colour good， no evident pain， breathing regularly without 　20　.I sat on the arm of the seat， still 　21　 his pulse， and asked the woman about her husband.At 90 years old， he had a clean 　22　 history.The couple had travelled to Scotland to celebrate their 60th wedding anniversary， and they were on their way home.It had been a good holiday， but 　23　.
　　Soon after， I reported it to the 　24　.
　　“We can put the plane down 　25　 20 minutes in Gander，” he told me， “or 　26　 for two hours and 　27　 in Toronto.What do you want me to do， doctor？”
　　“Put it down，” I said.It wasn’t worth taking any chances， and the safest thing was to get him hospital care quickly.
　　Three weeks later， I received a lovely thank-you note from this man， who will 　28　 remain in good health for years to come.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者一次乘坐飞机时对一位突发疾病的老人进行诊治的经历。
14.A.break　　　　　　　　 B.party
C.dinner　　 D.rest
解析：D　根据上文语境可知，机舱变暗可能是因为人们在休息。
15.A.took out　　 B.turned out
C.rang out　　 D.put out
解析：C　根据上文中的Wake up！ Oh， help！可知，此处指有人大喊求救。
16.A.amazed　　 B.frightened
C.calm　　 D.flexible
解析：B　根据下文His head was back， his mouth open.可知，老太太当时吓坏了。
17.A.responding　　 B.sticking
C.leading　　 D.contributing
解析：A　根据语境可知，老太太的丈夫可能失去了意识，所以对她没有作出回应。
18.A.experiment　　 B.trick
C.examination　　 D.research
解析：C　根据下文可知，这时作者应该是给老太太的丈夫做快速检查。
19.A.step　　 B.pulse
C.voice　　 D.stomach
解析：B　根据下文中的I sat on the arm ...his pulse可知，作者是在给老太太的丈夫把脉。
20.A.effort　　 B.efficiency
C.effect　　 D.order
解析：A　根据上文中的breathing regularly可知，此时老人的呼吸正常，所以应该是呼吸时不费力气。
21.A.bothering　　 B.stopping
C.observing　　 D.checking
解析：D　根据上文可知，作者现在仍然在给老人检查脉搏。
22.A.medical　　 B.criminal
C.career　　 D.online
解析：A　这里是说老人之前无疾病史。
23.A.exciting　　 B.tiring
C.amusing　　 D.inspiring
解析：B　根据上文中的It had been a good holiday， but可知，旅行很愉快，但是也令人疲惫。
24.A.participant　　 B.customer
C.pilot　　 D.passenger
解析：C　此时是在飞机上，所以有情况应是汇报给飞行员。
25.A.for　　 B.over
C.by　　 D.in
解析：D　根据下文可知，飞行员告诉作者，要么20分钟后降落，要么2个小时后降落，所以此处应是在20分钟后。
26.A.get on　　 B.look on
C.try on　　 D.carry on
解析：D　根据上文可推测，此处指继续飞行2个小时在多伦多降落。
27.A.land　　 B.fly
C.drive　　 D.sail
解析：A　参见上题解析。
28.A.unfortunately　　 B.hopefully
C.immediately　　 D.universally
解析：B　根据下文中的remain in good health for years to come可知，老人对自己在未来岁月保持健康充满希望。
Ⅳ.语法填空
　　（2024·合肥高一下期末）On 20 July 1969， American astronauts Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin 29.　　　　　　 （land） on the moon.Neil and Buzz could only spend two and a half hours on the moon because of the limited supply of oxygen in their tanks.
　　Because Neil was the leader of the task， NASA awarded him the honour of 30.　　　　　　 （step） onto the moon first.
　　31.　　　　　　 （careful） Neil climbed down the ladder.He had given much thought 32.　　　　　　 what he’d say.After all， his words 33.　　　　　　 （hear） all over the world.Neil’s message was， “That’s one small step for [a] man， one giant leap for mankind.”
　　But as Neil set foot on the moon， four hundred and fifty million people 34.　　　　　　 （listen） heard him say， “That’s one small step for man， one giant leap for mankind.” Possibly Neil forgot the word “a” or else the poor sound from the moon 35.　　　　　　 （be） responsible for cutting out that one little word.Whatever the exact words， their meaning was clear.36.　　　　　　 was indeed a landmark event in the history of the world.
　　Neil controlled a TV camera so viewers on Earth could watch the two men in their space suits walking 37.　　　　　　 no human beings had ever been before.Wherever they walked they left 38.　　　　　　 （footprint） in the moon dust.Those footprints are still there today！
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章简要介绍了美国宇航员尼尔·阿姆斯特朗登月的故事。
29.landed　本句时间状语为On 20 July 1969，应用一般过去时。故填landed。
30.stepping　本空前面是介词of，因此这里应用动词-ing形式。故填stepping。
31.Carefully　本空所填词修饰谓语动词climbed，应用副词形式。故填Carefully。
32.to　give sth thought/give thought to sth是固定搭配，表示“认真考虑某事”。故填to。
33.would be heard　此处表示从过去看将来，另外他的话“将被听到”，因此用过去将来时的被动语态。故填would be heard。
34.listening　本空所填词作后置定语，修饰前面的名词people；由于表示主动概念，应用动词-ing形式。故填listening。
35.was　本句主语为the poor sound，表示单数概念，根据上下文可知，时态为一般过去时，故填was。
36.It　这里填入It，表示前面提到的尼尔·阿姆斯特朗登月一事。
37.where　这里应用从属连词where引导地点状语从句。
38.footprints　footprint是可数名词，这里表示复数概念。下一句中的Those footprints亦是提示。故填footprints。
19 / 19Section Ⅲ　Discovering Useful Structures
动词不定式
①Today， scientists design vehicles to carry astronauts into space to make important discoveries.
②Space exploration has come a long way， and we now hope to discover other planets that are suitable enough to support life.
③However， while such disasters brought much sadness and disappointment， the desire to explore the universe did not die.
④China became the third country in the world to independently send humans into space in 2003 ...
⑤On 23 July 2020， China sent Tianwen 1 to explore the surface of Mars.
⑥And from 2021 to 2022， China completed a number of rocket missions to establish its own space station.
⑦This modern space station will allow astronauts to conduct many important experiments ...
⑧Many countries have plans to further study planets like Mars and Jupiter.
⑨Despite the difficulties， scientists hope to make more valuable discoveries that will enable the human race to survive well into the future.
【我的发现】
（1）句　①⑤⑥　为动词不定式作状语。
（2）句　③④⑧　为动词不定式作定语。
（3）句　②　为动词不定式作宾语。
（4）句　⑦⑨　为动词不定式作宾语补足语。
一、动词不定式的时态和语态
　 　语态 时态 主动形式 被动形式
一般式 to do to be done
进行式 to be doing —
完成式 to have done to have been done
否定形式 在to前加not 在to前加not
My father has decided to cut out smoking.
我的父亲已经决定戒烟了。
The meeting to be held tomorrow is of great importance.
明天要举行的会议很重要。
I’m very sorry to have kept you sitting around doing nothing.
让你一直无所事事地闲坐着我感到很抱歉。
【即时演练1】　用所给词的适当形式填空
①I am honoured 　to deliver　 （deliver） a speech at the opening ceremony on behalf of our school.
②The question 　to be discussed　 （discuss） tomorrow is about the pollution.
③The book is said to 　have been translated　 （translate） into four languages so far.
④The little boy pretended 　to be reading　 （read） the book when his teacher entered the classroom.
二、动词不定式作定语
　动词不定式作定语修饰名词或代词，动词不定式和它所修饰的词之间有逻辑上的动宾关系、主谓关系、动状关系或同位关系。动词不定式通常要放在这些被修饰词的后面。
1.动词不定式作定语常放在名词或不定代词后面作后置定语，表示尚未发生的动作。
I have something important to tell you.
我有重要的事要告诉你。
2.名词前有first、 last、 next、 only等词以及最高级修饰时，其后要用动词不定式作后置定语。
She was the first woman to win the gold medal in the Olympic Games.
她是第一位在奥运会上获得金牌的女性。
3.抽象名词attempt、 ability、 chance、 desire、 opportunity、 courage、 plan、 way或不定代词something、 nothing等后面常用动词不定式作后置定语。
Janis Adkins has the ability and desire to do useful work.
詹尼斯·阿德金斯有能力和愿望去做有用的工作。
This can be useful for business such as restaurants and stores because it offers a new way to attract customers.
这对饭店和商店这样的生意很有用，因为它提供了新的吸引顾客的方法。
4.当名词与定语之间存在主谓关系时，要用动词不定式作定语。
We must find a person to do the job.
我们必须找一个做这份工作的人。
名师点津
（1）动词不定式作定语时，要放在它所修饰的名词或代词后面。
Attention， please.The astronaut has something important to say.
请注意，这名宇航员有重要的事情要说。
（2）如果动词不定式是不及物动词，后面就应有必要的介词。
Give me a piece of paper to write on.
给我一张纸写字。
【即时演练2】　单句语法填空
①In many homes in the UK， the first person 　to wake　 （wake） up has to make tea for the family.
②The airport 　to be completed　 （complete） next year will help promote tourism in this area.
③（2023·新课标Ⅰ卷）We’re all changing and learning all the time and mistakes are a positive way 　to develop　 （develop） and grow.
④Carol was happy that she had the chance 　to experience　 （experience） the life in the city.
⑤These courses offer us opportunities 　to improve　 （improve） our abilities to appreciate art.
三、动词不定式作状语
　动词不定式在句中作状语，主要用来表示目的、原因及结果等。
1.作目的状语，置于句首或句末，置于句首时常表示强调。为加强语气，常与in order to或so as to 组成短语。
To get some work experience， I intend to take up a part-time job in summer vacation.
为了获得一些工作经验，我打算在暑假做一份兼职。
In order to improve customer satisfaction， the company offered a loyalty rewards program.
为了提高顾客的满意度，公司推出了忠诚奖励计划。
She asked me to drive her to the airport so as to catch the 5：00 plane.
为了赶上5点的飞机，她让我开车把她送到机场。
2.作原因状语，多用于“sb＋be＋adj.＋to do ...”结构中。
I’m disappointed to hear you lack the patience.
听说你缺乏耐心我很失望。
If so， you may be surprised to learn that libraries have changed for the better.
如果这样的话，你可能会很惊讶地发现图书馆已经变得更好了。
3.作结果状语，多用于too ...to ...、 enough to ...、 only to do （表示意料之外的结果的发生）、 so/such ...as to ...（如此……以至于……）结构中。
The Californian ship arrived too late to save more people.
加利福尼亚号来得太晚，没能挽救更多人。
The boy is old enough to take care of himself.
这个男孩足够大了，能照顾他自己了。
He hurried to the agency only to find the manager had left.
他匆忙赶到代理处，却发现经理已经离开了。
She is （so） proud as to look down upon others.
她太骄傲了，看不起别人。
4.独立的动词不定式多用作插入语，表示说话人的心理状态或对事情的看法。
To make matters worse， e-dictionaries mean more pollution than paper dictionaries.
更糟糕的是，电子词典比传统纸质词典污染更严重。
名师点津
动词不定式与动词-ing形式作结果状语的区别：
（1）动词不定式作结果状语强调的是一种意想不到的结果。
Anxiously， she took the dress out of the package and tried it on， only to find it didn’t fit.
她焦急地从包裹中取出裙子，然后试穿了一下，结果发现它不合身。
（2）动词-ing形式作结果状语强调的是一种顺承的、必然造成的结果。
He failed his exam， making his father angry.
他考试不及格，使他父亲很生气。
【即时演练3】　单句语法填空
①　To learn　 （learn） more about Chinese culture， Jack has decided to take Chinese folk music as an elective course.
②Without a second thought， Paul drove the car quickly back to the two cyclists， only 　to find　 （find） they were gone.
③When the gorillas and I frightened each other， I was just glad 　to find　 （find） them alive.
④Would you be so kind as 　to spare　 （spare） some time to come and join us？
lack n.缺乏；短缺 vt.没有；缺乏
【教材原句】　Astronauts’ bones and muscles can get very weak in space due to the lack of gravity， so they need to exercise every day， which will help them stay healthy.
由于缺乏重力，宇航员的骨骼和肌肉在太空中会变得非常虚弱，所以他们需要每天锻炼，这将有助于他们保持健康。
【用法】
（1）（a） lack of ...　　　　缺少…… for lack of ...　　由于缺乏…… （2）lacking adj.　　缺乏的；缺少的 be lacking in sth　　缺少某物
【佳句】　①The reason why he failed in the driving test was that he lacked confidence in himself.
他驾照考试失败的原因是对他自己缺乏信心。
②The project had to be abandoned for lack of funds.
工程因资金缺乏只得放弃。
③He carried on with the project although he was lacking in experience.
尽管他缺乏经验，他还是把这个项目进行了下去。
【写美】　一句多译
因缺乏自信，我站在舞台上，低着头，双腿不受控制地颤抖。 （读后续写之动作描写）
→　For lack of confidence　，I stood on the stage，with my head lowered and my legs trembling without control.
→Because 　I lacked confidence　，I stood on the stage，with my head lowered and my legs trembling without control.
→Because 　I was lacking in confidence　， I stood on the stage， with my head lowered and my legs trembling without control.
beyond prep.在更远处；超出
【教材原句】　Sending people to other planets or even beyond the solar system is not an easy goal to achieve.
把人们送到其他星球，甚至是超出太阳系并不是很容易就能实现的目标。
【用法】
beyond words　　　　　难以言喻 beyond one’s reach　　够不着 beyond expectation　　出乎意料 beyond control　　失去控制 beyond repair　　无法修理 beyond sb　　使某人无法想象（或理解、做等）
【佳句】　Unfortunately， my car was beyond control.As a result， it ran into a tree and it was beyond repair.
不幸的是，我的车失去了控制。结果，它撞上了一棵树，无法修理了。
【练透】　单句语法填空
①I should have told you in advance， but something happened beyond my 　expectation　 （expect）.
【写美】　完成句子
②I couldn’t allow you to be admitted into the club， because it was 　beyond my power　.
我不能允许你进入俱乐部，因为这超出了我的权力。
③I turned to my teacher for help， for 　the whole problem was beyond me　.
我向老师寻求帮助，因为我无法理解整个问题。
维度一：基础题型练
1.　To win　 （win） the competition， the competitors have to practice hard day and night.
2.Many buildings in our school need repairing， but the one 　to be repaired　 （repair） first is the library.
3.The old man sitting in front of the television was happy 　to watch　 （watch） anything that happened to be on.
4.Thanks to your encouragement， I finally got the courage 　to face　 （face） the challenge.
5.It is recognised that he is the best man 　to do　 （do） the job.
6.After school we went to the reading room to do some reading， only 　to be told　 （tell） that it was being decorated.
7.With a lot of work 　to do　 （do）， she wasn’t allowed to leave her office.
8.　To save　 （save） energy， we turn off the lights for Earth Hour.
9.　To realise　 （realise） his dream of entering a key university， Jack studies harder than ever.
10.I am to join in the reading competition 　to be held　 （hold） next month.
11.More importantly， it is also a good opportunity 　to express　 （express） your best wishes to our school.
12.Tu Youyou became the first Chinese scientist 　to win　 （win） the Nobel Prize in Medicine.
13.As a matter of fact， they were very surprised 　to be informed　 （inform） of the news.
维度二：语法与写作
1.You may have chances 　to make new friends　 who’ll appear when you’re in need.
你可能有机会结识新朋友，他们会在你有困难时出现。
2.All the teachers 　to attend the opening ceremony　 tomorrow should wear the uniforms.
明天出席开幕式的所有老师都应该穿制服。
3.During my last winter holiday， I went to the countryside with my father 　to visit my grandparents　.
去年寒假，我和父亲一起去乡下看望了我的祖父母。
4.　To help the students to learn English better　， we have decided to donate some books to your school.
为了帮助同学们学好英语，我们已决定为你们学校捐赠一批图书。
5.　There are still many problems to be solved　 before we are ready for a long stay on the moon.
在我们做好在月球上长期停留的准备之前，还有许多问题要解决。
6.Knowing a Chinese painting exhibition will be held at the gallery next month， 　I am writing to apply to become a volunteer　.
得知美术馆下个月将举办中国画展览，我写信申请当一名志愿者。
维度三：语法填空
　　Last weekend， I went to a bookstore 1.　to buy　 （buy） some books.There I came across a boy.He was old enough 2.　to read　 （read） by himself.He wanted to buy a geography book that cost one dollar.However， he had only sixty-two cents in his pocket.The money was too little for him 3.　to get　 （get） that book.The boy looked quite disappointed， but he was determined 4.　to try　 （try） some other bookstores to get one.Because I wanted to know the result， I decided 5.　to follow　 （follow） him.
　　The boy tried four different bookstores 6.　to find　 （find） a cheaper book， but he went from one store to another， only 7.　to find　 （find） the book more expensive.In the sixth bookstore， the owner found that the boy was worried， so he asked him why he was anxious 8.　to get　 （get） a geography book.The boy told him that he wanted to become a sailor like his father.He wanted to learn more about geography.9.　Hearing/Having heard　 （hear） what the boy said， the owner gave him one for free.The boy was very excited.The result was satisfying.Before I left， I gave the boy two dollars so that he was able to have money 10.　to buy　 （buy） more books.
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
　　（2024·山东六校高一下联考）When Perla Latorre-Suarez was a child， she remembers holding her brother’s hand in the mountainous Orocovis region in Puerto Rico where she grew up and looking up a clear night as the International Space Station （ISS） flew overhead.“That day， my parents explained it to me； this is where all my interest in space came from，” Latorre-Suarez says.
　　Her love was further developed by a schoolteacher who encouraged her to pursue science， a trip to Kennedy Space Center during a family vacation， and visits to the Arecibo Observatory in Puerto Rico， which University of Central Florida （UCF） manages for the US National Science Foundation.Today， she is earning a master’s degree in aerospace engineering at UCF.Her current area of research is 3D printing sensors.“My biggest goal is to be able to work on space missions， such as the Artemis moon mission，” she says.“I want to ensure astronauts’ safety while exploring other planetary surfaces.”
　　Latorre-Suarez decided to study at UCF because of its excellent and supportive faculty （全体教师）.As an outstanding student， she had plenty of choices.“UCF has amazing teachers， such as Dr （Seetha） Raghavan， that are always willing to help their students to achieve their goals，” she says.“UCF has given me the opportunity to grow as a professional and as a person.” Latorre-Suarez credits Raghavan with her pursuit of space-related research at UCF.Together they pursued 3D printing and later determined they could probably use an autonomous application method for space missions.It is something Latorre-Suarez continues to work on today because she knows it will make a difference.
　　“Exploring space is important because we can get many answers that we will not be able to get here on Earth，” she says.“We can get answers about the history of our solar system and understand its formation.Through these answers， we will be able to expand technologies that will benefit us here on Earth as well as contribute to further exploration.”
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。Perla Latorre-Suarez致力于研发新技术，保障宇航员在太空作业时的安全。
1.When did Latorre-Suarez find her interest in space？（　　）
A.When she saw the ISS.
B.When she became a member of UCF.
C.When she visited Kennedy Space Center.
D.When she did experiments with her brother.
解析：A　细节理解题。根据第一段可知，当Latorre-Suarez看到国际空间站从天上飞过时，她对太空产生了浓厚的兴趣。
2.What did Latorre-Suarez want to do most in the future？（　　）
A.Land on the moon.
B.Work with UCF teachers.
C.Win herself a place at UCF.
D.Prevent astronauts from danger.
解析：D　细节理解题。根据第二段可知，Latorre-Suarez最大的目标是保障宇航员在太空作业时的安全，使他们远离危险。
3.Why did Latorre-Suarez mention Raghavan in Paragraph 3？（　　）
A.To explain why she chose UCF.
B.To show how lucky she was to stay at UCF.
C.To describe how strict the teachers were at UCF.
D.To prove the achievements of UCF in space exploration.
解析：A　推理判断题。第三段中的Latorre-Suarez decided to study at UCF because of its excellent and supportive faculty （全体教师）.为本段的主旨句。下文提到的关于Dr （Seetha） Raghavan的内容是对本句的解释说明。由此可知，本段解释了Latorre-Suarez选择佛罗里达大学的原因。
4.What does Latorre-Suarez think of exploring space？（　　）
A.It is still limited.
B.It develops fast.
C.It helps humanity to move forward.
D.It is a waste of both time and money.
解析：C　推理判断题。根据最后一段可知，Latorre-Suarez认为探索太空可以帮助我们提高技术，更好地认识地球，同时也可以为以后更加深入的太空探索作好准备。
B
　　（2024·太原高一下质检）Astronauts travelling in space meet various forms of radiation that are uncommon on Earth.Some of the radiation has been shown to be harmful to human health.It is linked to cancers and heart problems.Yet a new American study suggests the radiation does not shorten astronauts’ lives.
　　Researchers studied nearly 60 years of health records and other data of male astronauts from the United States.They then compared the data with information about a group of men who are in good health， richer than most Americans and receive good health care — professional athletes.The study found that neither group has higher rates of dying at a young age.In fact， both groups generally live longer than other Americans.
　　“Astronauts are usually well educated， earn more money and are in better physical condition than the average American.Some earlier research has linked being an astronaut to a lower risk of early death，” the researchers noted.The findings were reported in Occupational and Environmental Medicine.
　　Much of the existing research on mortality rates of astronauts has not yet explored the mental and physical demands of this job.There also has not been a lot of research on whether astronauts show what is known as the “healthy worker effect”.“This effect shows people with employment of any kind have fewer medical problems than people who are unable to work，” said Robert Reynolds.
　　Reynolds said，“The challenge has always been to understand whether astronauts are as healthy as they would be if they had been otherwise comparably employed but had never gone to space at all.To do this， we need to find a group that is comparable on several important factors.”
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。一项研究表明，太空中的辐射不会缩短宇航员的寿命，但其健康状况是否会受到影响仍然是未知的。
5.How did researchers carry out their study？（　　）
A.By doing interviews.
B.By analysing some factors.
C.By comparing different data.
D.By doing experiments in the lab.
解析：C　细节理解题。根据第二段前两句可知，研究人员是通过对比不同的数据进行研究的。
6.What can we learn from the text？（　　）
A.All radiation is harmful to human health.
B.Athletes tend to be poorer than most Americans.
C.The “healthy worker effect” shows working people are healthier.
D.Research has explored the mental and physical demands of being astronauts.
解析：C　推理判断题。根据第四段可知，“健康工作者效应”显示，有工作的人比那些不能工作的人有更少的健康方面的问题，即有工作的人身体更健康。
7.What can be inferred from Reynolds’ words？（　　）
A.Researchers are determined to face the challenge.
B.The research is very difficult to conduct.
C.Finding a similar group is easy.
D.Astronauts are not as healthy as athletes.
解析：B　推理判断题。根据最后一段中Reynolds说的话可知，如果这些宇航员当初没有去太空，而是被雇用做了其他工作，那么他们的健康状况是否与现在相同。要想完成这项研究，则需要找到在这几个重要因素上具有对照性的群体。由此推断，这项研究很难进行下去。
8.What can be a suitable title for the text？（　　）
A.Astronauts — Healthy or Otherwise
B.Astronauts Are as Healthy as Athletes
C.Radiation Affects Astronauts’ Health
D.Astronauts — Be Well Educated and Earn More
解析：A　标题归纳题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了一项研究，该研究表明，太空辐射不会缩短宇航员的寿命，但其健康状况是否会受到影响仍然是未知的。因此A项（宇航员——健康与否）适合作本文的标题。
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
　　Over the years， we have discovered that our students seem to have more success with some methods of learning new words than with others.We’ll show you the methods we have found to be the most successful for our students.9.（　　）
　　Basic Method 1：Seeing Is Remembering
　　Letting a new word suggest a vivid mental image to you is a powerful and effective way to remember that word.Mental images are really mnemonics （记忆术）， too.They help you remember.10.（　　） When it comes to mental images， crazy is better than normal.Normal is boring.Crazy is dramatic.
　　Basic Method 2：Etymological （词源的） Clues
　　Although the English language contains hundreds of thousands of words， you will discover that many groups of words are related in meaning.11.（　　） When you recognise that a group of words shares a similar root， you will more easily remember the entire group.
　　Basic Method 3：Writing on Your Brain
　　Many people find that they can learn new information more readily if they write it down.12.（　　） Perhaps the explanation is that by writing you are bringing another sense into play — you’ve seen the word， you’ve said and heard the word， and now you’re feeling the word.
　　Basic Method 4：Putting It All Together with Flash Cards and a Notebook
　　A flash card is a simple piece of paper or cardboard with a word on one side and a definition on the other.You may have used flash cards when you were first learning to read， or when you were first tackling a foreign language.13.（　　） You should also indicate the pronunciation if you aren’t sure you’ll remember it.
A. Use the one or ones that suit you best.
B.You don’t have to write each word on a card.
C.The emphasis here is on suggestive mental pictures.
D.Why？ Because they developed from a common root.
E.Many students find it hard to remember long English words.
F.The physical act of writing seems to plant the information more firmly.
G.Most of our students write a word on one side and the definition on the other.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章就如何背单词给我们提供了四种方法和建议。
9.A　上句提到一些背单词的好方法，本句接着建议我们“选择适合自己的一种或多种方法”，故A项符合语境。
10.C　下句建议我们在背单词时大脑中想象一些图画，故C项（这里强调具有暗示性的图画）符合语境。
11.D　上句指出英语中很多单词词义相互有联系，这里进一步说明其原因是很多词汇具有相同的词根，故D项符合语境。
12.F　本段强调书写对于我们记忆单词时的巨大帮助，故F项（书写可以将单词深深地植入我们的大脑）符合语境。
13.G　本段建议我们通过制作卡片背单词，故G项（卡片的一边写单词，另一边写词义）符合语境。
Ⅲ.完形填空
　　One day recently， Laurie Fenby was shopping at a garage sale in Rochester New York.As she was leaving， she noticed a 　14　 on the ground.She looked inside and 　15　 a Jamaican driver’s license and some cash.She tried all the usual ways to 　16　 the man， whose name was George.
　　Her efforts were 　17　 — she couldn’t find him through Google or Facebook.And then she asked for 　18　 through Nextdoor， a community website.Laurie received a lot of ideas and responses.
　　But one lady 　19　 that she contact a little store that has many Jamaican migrant workers as clients.Laurie called the 　20　 and found that yes， indeed， there was someone named George who lost his wallet.When George contacted her he was able to 　21　 all the contents of the wallet and Laurie was able to return it.
　　But it didn’t stop there.Laurie asked George， “What do you and the migrant workers 　22　？” He said they could use some warm clothes.Laurie 　23　 contacted the next-door community and organised a clothing drive.She 　24　 lots of T-shirts， sweatshirts， and shoes.
　　Recently Laurie was able to 　25　 George and the other migrant workers in Rochester， and she 　26　 them to pick apples together.
　　They’re so 　27　 to Laurie and her friends.Losing the wallet 　28　 to be a blessing in disguise — none of this community-building or friendship would have happened if the wallet had stayed in George’s pocket.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。Laurie Fenby无意中捡到一个钱包，她辗转找到失主后，又发生了新的故事。
14.A.handbag　　 B.wallet
C.box　　 D.present
解析：B　根据下文可知， Laurie Fenby在地上捡到一个钱包。
15.A.placed　　 B.found
C.confirmed　　 D.picked
解析：B　Laurie Fenby在钱包里发现了一个牙买加驾照和一些现金。
16.A.connect　　 B.recognise
C.locate　　 D.attract
解析：C　Laurie Fenby尝试了所有常用的方法，去确定失主的位置。locate表示“找出或指出某人/某物的准确位置或地点”。
17.A.in vain　 B.in case
C.in turn　　 D.in order
解析：A　根据下文可知， Laurie Fenby没有通过Google或Facebook找到失主，因此她的努力是徒劳的。in vain表示“无结果地； 徒劳地”。
18.A.opinions　　 B.permission
C.choices　　 D.advice
解析：D　然后Laurie Fenby通过Nextdoor网站向网友征求意见。
19.A.realised　　 B.considered
C.suggested　　 D.demanded
解析：C　有一位女士建议Laurie Fenby跟一家商店联系，那家商店有一些牙买加人顾客。
20.A.store　　 B.company
C.factory　　 D.office
解析：A　Laurie Fenby听从了那位女士的建议，给那家商店打了电话。
21.A.predict　　 B.identify
C.guess　　 D.determine
解析：B　失主George打来了电话，能够正确说出钱包里的物品。identify表示“确认、证明某人或某事”。
22.A.lose　　 B.gain
C.need　　 D.think
解析：C　Laurie Fenby关心地问George和其他移民工人需要什么。
23.A.eventually　　 B.gradually
C.immediately　　 D.occasionally
解析：C　听了George的答复后， Laurie Fenby立刻跟附近的社区联系，组织了一场募集衣服的活动。
24.A.received　　 B.donated
C.collected　　 D.produced
解析：A　活动发起后， Laurie Fenby收到了很多T恤衫、运动衫和鞋等。
25.A.invite　　 B.know
C.influence　　 D.meet
解析：D　最近Laurie Fenby和George以及其他移民工人见了面。
26.A.joined　　 B.allowed
C.affected　　 D.advised
解析：A　Laurie Fenby加入了George和其他移民工人，跟他们一起摘苹果。
27.A.polite　　 B.patient
C.sensitive　　 D.grateful
解析：D　由于Laurie Fenby不仅归还了George的钱包，而且还帮助了其他工人，因此他们对她非常感激。
28.A.turned out　　 B.went over
C.took off　　 D.gave away
解析：A　对George来说，丢失钱包结果是塞翁失马，坏事变成了好事。turn out 表示“结果是”；a blessing in disguise 表示“塞翁失马；因祸得福”。
Ⅳ.语法填空
　　So far， the Internet 29.　　 （bring） us great convenience.To a certain extent， we can hardly live without it.30.　　， it also raises all sorts of questions： when surfing the Internet， how can we protect ourselves？ How can we use the Internet 31.　　 （responsible）？ The following guidelines may show you how to live in the digital world.
　　Above all else， you should use the Internet in a safe way.You must always be careful about which sites 32.　　 （trust）.One wrong click may damage your computer and remove all your computer files！ Therefore， before visiting a web page， always check for signs that warn people of danger.Another tip is to keep your personal information private， 33.　　 （include） your phone number， address and email account.
　　You also need to show respect when communicating with other online users.Leave 34.　　 （comment） politely and treat others 35.　　 way you would like to be treated.Though the majority of online users 36.　　 （be） nice and friendly， there might be some users who make you feel 37.　　 （comfort） online.In such cases， be aware that you always have the right to say no and cut off contact.Remember that relationships you establish in the digital world are just the same 38.　　 those you have in real life.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章就如何在网络世界中生活提出了建议。
29.has brought　根据So far可知，此处应用现在完成时。主语the Internet为第三人称单数。故填has brought。
30.However/Nevertheless　空后的it also raises all sorts of questions和上文构成转折关系，且空后有逗号，所以应用副词however或nevertheless，表示“然而”，句首首字母应大写。故填However/Nevertheless。
31.responsibly　修饰动词use应用副词。故填responsibly。
32.to trust　“疑问词＋to do”在句中可作主语、宾语、表语、宾语补足语等句子成分。此处在句中作介词about的宾语。故填to trust。
33.including　your personal information包括your phone number， address and email account，故填介词including。
ments　comment意为“评论”，为可数名词，此处表示泛指，所以应用复数形式。故填comments。
35.the　名词way被定语从句you would like to be treated修饰，所以是特指。故填the。
36.are　主语the majority of online users为复数，且此处描述客观事实，所以应用一般现在时。故填are。
37.uncomfortable　根据上文Though可知，前后句意相反，所以此处是指可能有一些用户让你在网上感到不舒服，所以应用形容词作系动词feel的表语。故填uncomfortable。
38.as　the same as意为“与……相同”，为固定搭配。根据语境可知，此处是指在网络中的关系和现实生活中的关系是相同的。故填as。
13 / 13Section Ⅳ　Listening and Talking & Reading for Writing
Part Ⅰ　Talk about life in space
　　　　　　　　　　　　　听说课前清障 ——排除疑难，胸有成竹
Ⅰ.话题词汇
1.benefit from China’s space programme　　　　　　　　从中国的太空项目中获益
2.become the first Chinese astronaut　　成为中国第一位宇航员
3.receive mental and physical training　　接受心理上和身体上的训练
4.in the field of science　　　　　　　在科学领域
5.improve the quality of life　　提高生活质量
6.negative effect　　负面影响
7.a scientific breakthrough　　一项科学突破
8.be curious about astronauts’ life in space　　　　　　　　对宇航员在太空的生活感到好奇
9.make our lives more comfortable and convenient使我们的生活更加舒适、方便
10.with the development of aerospace science and technology 　　随着航空航天科技的发展
Ⅱ.话题句式
1.The development of science and technology makes our lives more comfortable and convenient.
科技的发展使我们的生活更加舒适、方便。
2.The journey to outer space and other planets is not a dream any more.
去外太空和其他星球旅行不再是一个梦。
3.There is no doubt that we benefit a lot from the scientific advancements in many different ways.
毫无疑问，在许多不同方面科学的进步使我们受益良多。
4.I have long been interested in space exploration.
长期以来我一直对太空探索感兴趣。
5.How I wish I had a chance to travel into space！
我多么希望我有机会去太空旅行！
　　　　　　　　　　　　　话题表达实战 ——聚焦主题，定向突破
　　情境：宇航员们在失重的太空是如何进食和饮水的呢？那将是一种独特的体验。
　　For the astronauts， the things like eating food and drinking water become very strange.Space food carried by astronauts should be as light and small as possible.1.　How astronauts eat　 （宇航员如何进食） during space flight is a big test for them.Under weightless conditions， 2.　a cup full of/filled with water　 （一个盛满水的杯子） can be placed upside down.The water in the cup will not float or fall out automatically.If it 3.　is placed on the table　 （被放在桌子上）， the cup will rise with the water.So， drinking water in space is not easy.4.　All kinds of food　 （各种食物）， parts， appliances and so on are fixed well.If the astronauts want to drink water， they can have 5.　soup， juice and jam　 （汤、果汁和果酱） by squeezing it into their mouths.6.　How I wish I had a chance　 （我多么希望我有机会） to travel into space！
1 / 1单元素养提升
◇本单元语法学了什么内容？ 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 ◇自我评价 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
◇本单元写作练了哪个方面？ 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
一、核心单词写对
1.　astronaut　 n.宇航员；太空人
2.　rocket　 n.火箭；火箭弹
3.　frontier　 n.边境；国界；边远地区
4.　vehicle　 n.交通工具；车辆
5.　satellite　 n.人造卫星；卫星
6.　orbit　 n.（环绕地球、太阳等运行的）轨道；势力范围vt.& vi.沿轨道运行；环绕……运行
7.　agency　 n.（政府的）专门机构；服务机构；代理处
8.　data　 n.[pl.] 资料；数据
9.　float　 vi.浮动；漂流；漂浮vt.使浮动；使漂流
10.　beyond　 prep.在更远处；超出
11.　current　 adj.当前的；现在的
n.水流；电流；思潮
12.　sufficient　 adj.足够的；充足的
13.　towel　 n.毛巾；抹布
14.　tissue　 n.纸巾；（人、动植物细胞的）组织
15.　facility　 n.设施；设备
16.　shallow　 adj.肤浅的；浅的
17.　pattern　 n.模式；图案；模范
18.　monitor　 n.监视器；监测仪
vt.监视；监测；监控
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1.Yuan Longping has made such a great contribution to 　mankind　 （人类） that he is respected and admired by people all over the world.
2.I paid a visit to Russia which is rich in natural 　resources　 （资源） and the travel enriched my view.
3.What excited me most was that I experienced the force of 　gravity　 （重力） first hand in the science museum.
4.A suggestion has been come up with that we should 　recycle　 （回收利用） the textbooks.
5.What’s the 　procedure　 （手续） for opening a bank account？
6.The advanced technology provides a new method for us to explore the universe　.
7.Health problems are closely connected with bad eating habits and a lack　 of exercise.
8.He always attaches　 great importance to taking part in diverse after-class activities.
9.Our school has launched　 a campaign to arouse our interest in ancient Chinese poetry.
10.He stood up， signal（l）ing　 to the officers that he had finished his task.
11.As you’re keen　 on traditional Chinese culture， I’m writing to invite you to the cultural festival.
二、拓展词汇用活
1.　universe　 n.宇宙；天地万物→universal adj.宇宙的；通用的
2.　independent　 adj.独立的；自立的→independently adv.独立地；自立地→independence n.独立；自立→depend vi.依靠
3.　analysis　 n.（对事物的）分析；分析结果→analyse v.分析
4.　regular　 adj.定期的；经常的；正常的→regularly adv.经常；定期地→irregular adj.无规律的；不定期的
5.　limited　 adj.有限的→limitless adj.无限的→limit vt.& n.限制
6.　closing　 adj.结尾的；结束的 n.停业；关闭；倒闭→close vt.关闭adj.近的；亲密的→closely adv.仔细地；严密地
7.　mystery　 n.神秘事物；谜→mysterious adj.神秘的
Ⅱ.用所给词的适当形式填空
1.These 　intelligent　 scientists have the 　intelligence　 to create the newest equipment.（intelligence）
2.In my opinion， punishment is not a wise choice to help children grow up 　mentally　 （mental） and physically.
3.①It was my 　determination　 （determine） and desire for knowledge that made me succeed at last.
②A 　determined　 （determine） person always tries to finish the job， no matter how hard it is.
③It is your attitude towards failure that 　determines　 （determine） whether you will achieve success or not.
4.The astronaut was 　disappointed　 at the 　disappointing　 result， but he tried to hide his 　disappointment　.（disappoint）
5.Now that we are all part of the 　global　 （globe） village， everyone becomes a neighbour.
6.There was a heated 　argument　 about whether he was suitable for the position， and most of the people 　argued　 for him.（argue）
三、重点短语用准
1.　on board　 　　在宇宙飞船上；在船上；在飞机上
2.　carry on　　　继续做，坚持干
3.　in the hope of doing sth　　　抱着……的希望
4.　focus on　 　　集中于
5.　so as to （do sth）　 　　为了；以便
6.　figure out　 　　弄懂；弄清楚；弄明白
7.　result in　 　　导致；造成
8.　as a result　 　　所以；结果（是）
9.　provide for sb　 　　提供生活所需
10.　in closing　 　　最后
11.　run out　 　　用完；耗尽
Ⅲ.选用上面短语并用其适当形式填空
1.My laziness has 　resulted in　 my current terrible situation.
2.He was determined to work hard 　so as to　 achieve his initial goal.
3.Last month， I was busy preparing for the final examination 　in the hope of　 performing well.
4.Why not study at medical college like Lin Qiaozhi and 　carry on　 your super work？
5.　In closing　， I would like to remind you that each person has a gift and a purpose in life.
6.The pilot asked all the passengers 　on board　 to remain seated as the plane was making a landing.
7.We have much difficulty 　figuring out　 the global population of polar bears.
四、经典句式写美
1.句型公式：动词不定式短语作后置定语
教材原句：Afterwards， the USSR focused on sending people into space， and on 12 April 1961， Yuri Gagarin became the first person in the world to enter space.
2.句型公式：动词-ing短语作主语
教材原句：Firstly， exploring space has already made a difference in the fight against world hunger.
3.句型公式：be＋形容词＋to do
教材原句：It is necessary to find a new home for people in space， as the resources on Earth will run out.
4.句型公式：倍数表达法
教材原句：Olympus Mons， the largest volcano on Mars， is about twice as high as Mount Qomolangma.
Ⅳ.完成句子
1.I can speak fluent English and I am 　the first student in my class to go abroad for further study　.
我能说一口流利的英语，我是班上第一个出国深造的学生。
2.As a matter of fact， 　protecting wild animals/wildlife　 is protecting ourselves.
事实上，保护野生动物就是保护我们自己。
3.He has many friends because he 　is easy to get along/on with　.
他有很多朋友，因为他容易相处。
4.This tree is 　three times as tall as　 that one.
这棵树是那棵树的三倍高。
3 / 3Section Ⅰ　Listening and Speaking
　　　　　　　　　　　　　话题听力提能 ——捕捉信息，精准判断
听下面4段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第1段材料，回答第1至3题。
1.What time did the news broadcast？（　　）
A.Seven o’clock.
B.Six o’clock.
C.Eight o’clock.
2.What was the news about？（　　）
A.It’s about the space station.
B.It’s about the space.
C.It’s about the astronauts.
3.Why is the man interested in such news？（　　）
A.Because he hopes to go to the moon one day.
B.Because he is an astronaut.
C.Because he wants to do research in space.
听第2段材料，回答第4至6题。
4.What day is it today？（　　）
A.Monday.　　B.Tuesday.　　C.Wednesday.
5.Which character does the man like most？（　　）
A.The mad scientist.
B.The Jedi.
C.Spiderman.
6.What does the woman think of Spiderman？（　　）
A.Brave.　　B.Shy.　　C.Funny.
听第3段材料，回答第7至9题。
7.What are the Racers？（　　）
A.It is a TV play.
B.It is a film.
C.It is a dress.
8.What are the speakers mainly talking about？（　　）
A.Famous actors.
B.A music CD.
C.Two films.
9.What does the man say about Spaceship？（　　）
A.The acting was exciting.
B.The special effects were great.
C.The dresses were colourful.
听第4段材料，回答第10至12题。
10.What happened early on Saturday？（　　）
A.A gas pipe blew up.
B.Three aid workers were killed.
C.A Russian rocket went up into space.
11.How many people were injured in the tour bus accident？（　　）
A.At least four.
B.About thirty.
C.Over forty.
12.Where is the last piece of news from？（　　）
A.France.　　B.Italy.　　C.Britain.
答案：1－5　BAAAC　6－10　BBCBC
11－12　BC
听力原文：
（Text 1）
M：Did you hear the 6 o’clock news？
W：No， I didn’t.Was there anything interesting？
M：They’ve built another space station.They will send it up sometime next year.
W：Oh， I’ve read about the plan somewhere.Is there anything else？
M：Just think！ Astronauts will live and do research work there.
W：Really？ But I wonder why you’re interested in such things.
M：I’ve always been.I hope to go to the moon one day.
W：Oh， I see.
（Text 2）
M：So， what are you going to wear at the costume party on Friday？
W：I’ll be going as the mad scientist from my favourite video game.My costume’s pretty cool.How about you？
M：I’m not sure whether to go as a Jedi fighter from the recent Star Wars movie， or as the crime fighter and wall crawler， Spiderman.I’m kind of leaning towards Spiderman.
W：Why Spiderman？
M：Somehow， I feel I have a special connection with him.
W：Why？ Is it because he doesn’t have the courage to talk to the girl he likes？
M：Yeah， sort of.Whatever， I still have four days to decide.
（Text 3）
M：So what do you think？ Racers was a good film， wasn’t it？ What about getting a CD of the music？
W：Well， to be honest， I prefer the music in Spaceship.
M：Mmm， you’re right.The acting in Spaceship wasn’t as good as in Racers， though.
W：That’s true.And what about the dresses？ They were really colourful in Racers.
M：Yeah — not in Spaceship， though — they all wore grey！ Quite disappointing.But the special effects in that film were amazing.
W：There were hardly any special effects in Racers.It had great action scenes， though.
M：Yeah， Spaceship wasn’t quite as exciting， was it？ I think Racers was the best we’ve seen this week.
（Text 4）
M：Good evening.This is the 9 o’clock news.
First， the headlines.A gas pipe blew up in Southern France and is believed to have killed more than forty people.The cause is still unknown.
Three aid workers in Rome were killed when their trucks were attacked early this morning.
A Russian rocket lifted off early on Saturday， carrying the first space tourist， California businessman Dennis Tito， and two others on a journey to the international space station.
A tour bus carrying sleeping middle school students from Boston drove off a highway on Friday morning， killing at least four children and injuring about thirty.
And Prince Aadrew has finally opened the new bridge over the River Thames at Greenwich.Now for more of those stories in detail ...
　　　　　　　　　　　　　话题表达实战 ——聚焦主题，定向突破
　　情境：Lily和Mary对神秘的太空充满了好奇，她们在谈论宇航员的生活。
　　阅读并根据提示完成下面对话。
Lily：Hey， Mary.We’re going to meet a real astronaut.Isn’t it exciting？
Mary：Yeah.I can’t wait to see Captain Brown！ 1.　I’m really curious about his life in space　 （我真的很好奇他在太空的生活）.I have plenty of questions to ask him.
Lily：Such as？
Mary：Oh， such as：“What facilities do they have in space 2.　to support their daily lives　 （来维持他们的日常生活）？”
Lily：That sounds like a good question.But I’d also like to know about 3.　how astronauts sleep　 （宇航员怎样睡觉）.What do they do so as not to float around while they sleep？
Mary：I wonder how they get exercise on space — it’s not likely that 4.　they can go out jogging　 （他们可以出去慢跑）.
Lily：I’d never thought of that.But then， after they exercise， I’m very keen to find out how they wash their clothes.
Mary：Never mind that.I’d really like to find out 5.　how women astronauts wash their hairs　 （女宇航员怎样洗头）.
Lily：But we are forgetting the most important question of all， aren’t we？
Mary：And what’s that？
Lily：Well， I’d really like to find out what they do when they meet aliens.
mental adj.精神的；思想的
【教材原句】　Astronauts not only had to learn how to use space equipment， but also had to do a lot of mental and physical training.
宇航员不仅要学习如何使用太空设备，而且还要进行大量的心理和身体训练。
【用法】
（1）mental development　 　智力发展 physical and mental health　　身心健康 （2）mentally adv.　　精神上地；智力上地
【佳句】　There is no doubt that taking exercise is good for mental development.
毫无疑问，体育锻炼对智力发展有好处。
【练透】　单句语法填空
①You can keep physically and 　mentally　 （mental） healthy if you work out regularly.
【写美】　完成句子
②You need 　to have a positive mental attitude　 no matter what happens.
无论发生什么事，你都要有积极的心态。
intelligent adj.有智慧的；聪明的；有智力的
【教材原句】　First of all， you must be intelligent enough to get a related college degree.
首先，你必须足够聪明才能获得相关的大学学位。
【用法】
（1）an intelligent student　　一个聪明的学生 （2）intelligence n.　　智慧，智力 intelligence test　　智力测试 high/low intelligence　　高/低智商 artificial intelligence　　人工智能
【佳句】　Emotional intelligence is just as important as academic intelligence in building strong relationships and effective communication.
在建立牢固的人际关系和有效的沟通方面，情商和智商一样重要。
【练透】　单句语法填空
①Artificial 　intelligence　 （intelligent） has revolutionized various industries， enhancing efficiency and innovation through advanced technology.
【写美】　完成句子
②The new student impressed his classmates 　with his intelligent suggestions and innovative ideas　.
这位新同学聪明的建议和创新的想法给同学们留下了深刻的印象。
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
　　（2024·南京高一下质检）At six years old， Jerry Morrison is already shooting for the stars.“I want to live on another planet，” Jerry told his uncle， Joey Jefferson， at StoryCorps in November.
　　Jefferson， 29， also fell in love with space at an early age.It started with a space ship toy his mother gave him when he was a kid.Today he’s a mission operations engineer at NASA’s Jet Propulsion Lab.
　　Jefferson， who lives in California， and Jerry， who lives in Florida， meet up a few times a year， and their conversations are always about their shared love for space.
　　“What kind of planet would you live on？” Jerry asked his uncle at StoryCorps.
　　“Of course everybody’s going to say Mars， right？ Are you gonna say Mars？” Jefferson replied.
　　No， Jerry wants to live much farther from Mars： on an exoplanet （a planet beyond of the solar system） called Kepler-452b.NASA announced its discovery of the Earth-like planet in 2015.
　　“There’re a lot of stars and a lot of exoplanets that we got to find， and so we need people like you to keep doing what you’re doing，” Jefferson told Jerry.
　　Jefferson wants his nephew to not only hold on to his curiosity but also share what he learns with others.And Jerry has already gotten the chance to do that.As a kindergartner last year， he taught a lesson to the fifth graders in his school about the planets of the solar system.
　　“It was a big opportunity for me，” Jerry said.“I feel so proud.”
　　Jerry said he learns about space from his uncle.“I learned from you a lot， like more than I could imagine，” Jerry said.
　　“You’re learning so much by yourself， too， that you’re teaching me as well，” Jefferson said.“And that’s really cool.The more you learn， the more we realise the little things in life we take for granted are the very things that make life possible.So when I look up in the stars， I think about that.”
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。Jerry Morrison是一个6岁的男孩，受到叔叔的影响，他热爱太空并志在太空。
1.What made Jerry Morrison and Joey Jefferson meet now and then？（　　）
A.A short distance.　　　B.A similar lifestyle.
C.A close relationship.　　D.A common interest.
解析：D　细节理解题。根据第三段可知，Jerry Morrison之所以经常和叔叔见面，是因为他们有共同的兴趣爱好。
2.What can we learn about Jerry Morrison？（　　）
A.He was very stubborn.
B.He was very ambitious.
C.He would work at NASA.
D.He was influenced by his mother.
解析：B　推理判断题。根据第六段可知，Jerry Morrison的梦想是到达比火星更远的系外行星，比叔叔的梦想更加远大。
3.What made Jerry feel very proud？（　　）
A.Sharing his knowledge.
B.Having strong curiosity.
C.Knowing a lot about space.
D.Having a lesson about space.
解析：A　细节理解题。根据第八、九段可知，Jerry Morrison去年在自己的学校给其他孩子上了一节关于太阳系行星的课，这让他感到非常自豪。
4.Which word can best describe Jefferson according to the last paragraph？（　　）
A.Generous.　　B.Humorous.
C.Modest.　　D.Hard-working.
解析：C　推理判断题。根据最后一段可知，Joey Jefferson听到侄子的感谢后，不但不居功，而且说侄子也教给他很多东西，可见他非常谦虚。
B
　　（2024·烟台高一下月考）If asked whether space exploration should continue， most Americans would give an immediate response either in favour of continuing or in favour of ending space exploration.A common response would be that space exploration is a waste of money.An average American， uneducated on the subject， might believe that the government is wasting billions of dollars on the research that has no value.Someone ignorant of the subject might say that a space shuttle goes up once in a while and that is about all that happens.Research is ongoing and continues when there are no shuttles being launched.This also costs the government money.Does the extreme cost of space exploration make sense？
　　One argument is that the government is wasting money on the research not being used on Earth.Actually， the money goes to workers and scientists that support National Aeronautics and Space Administration （NASA） missions， and goes to major companies that play important roles in major sectors of the US economy.Boeing is a partner of NASA for aircraft， the same company that makes commercial aircraft for the airline industry.
　　Another benefit of continuing space exploration is the many spin-off technologies （衍生技术）it provides.The artificial hearts resulted from experiments on the space shuttle.The hand-held jaws of life used to save victims from car accidents originated from the system used to separate the space shuttle from its booster rockets.Insulation in homes that keeps them warm and energy efficient is based on the technology used to insulate the space shuttle.
　　There are direct benefits to the economy provided by NASA missions as well as spin-off technologies.These advances are found in food， building materials， medical procedures and the vehicles we drive.While it can be proven that billions of dollars that could be used elsewhere is being spent on space exploration， the benefits it provides outweigh the negative aspects.As a matter of fact， the money spent helps to improve the quality of our lives.
语篇解读：本文是一篇议论文。文章列举了太空研究的好处，如提供衍生技术以及带来直接的经济效益等。
5.How is Paragraph 2 mainly developed？（　　）
A.By listing data.
B.By offering analysis.
C.By giving some examples.
D.By presenting research findings.
解析：B　写作手法题。根据第二段中的 Actually， the money goes to workers and scientists 和 goes to major companies that play important roles 可知， 事实上，钱花在了工作人员和科学家以及在美国经济中起重要作用的公司身上。由此可知，第二段主要就美国航空业的花费进行了分析和说明。
6.What is the function of jaws of life？（　　）
A.To save people from traffic accidents.
B.To do experiments on the space shuttle.
C.To keep houses warm and energy efficient.
D.To separate the space shuttle from its booster rockets.
解析：A　细节理解题。根据第三段第三句可知，救生颌的作用是挽救出车祸的人。
7.What does the author think of space exploration？（　　）
A.It has changed our lives completely.
B.It costs too much money.
C.It has nothing to do with us.
D.It benefits us in many ways.
解析：D　推理判断题。根据第三段第一句及最后一段内容可知，作者认为太空探索有很多好处。
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
　　（2024·郑州高一下期末）A picture speaks a thousand words.And with over a thousand emoji （表情符号） pictures to represent our words， who needs to speak or write any more？！ Let’s take a closer look at the UK’s fastest-growing language.
　　According to Professor Vyv Evans of Bangor University， emoji is the UK’s fastest-growing language — evolving faster than any language in history.8.（　　） In the UK they are becoming more popular than Internet abbreviations （缩写） like “lol” （laughing out loud）， “muah” （the sound of a kiss） or “xoxoxo” （hugs and kisses）.9.（　　） In New York’s Museum of Modern Art you can now see the first set of the 176 original emojis.
　　10.（　　） But why？ They allow us to personalise text and have fun as we express ourselves， make people laugh and be creative in how we use them.UK teenagers also told us they really appreciated the fact that emojis are quick and easy.
　　People also really identify with their favourite emojis.11.（　　） What does your recently used emoji board say about you？ Is it full of party poppers （礼花） and smileys （笑脸）？ Or unhappy faces？ In the UK， the most used emojis are “face with tears of joy” “face blowing a kiss” and “love heart”.12.（　　） You can also tell a lot about a culture from their emoji complaints.Until 2015 when the “cheese wedge” arrived， British people were constantly complaining about the lack of cheese！ Now， the addition of “bacon” in 2016 means we’re very close to a full English breakfast.
A.We all seem to like emojis.
B.Emojis are more effective than words.
C.They make online chatting more colourful.
D.The emojis we choose can reflect our personality.
E.They have inspired fashion and are even recognised as art！
F.Maybe the British are more fun and romantic than people think！
G.These little electronic images started in Japanese mobile phones in the 1990s and are now hugely popular.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。表情符号在网络上无处不在。它们为什么受到人们的广泛欢迎呢？
8.G　上句提到表情符号的演绎和发展，而G项追溯了其源头，故G项符合语境。
9.E　下句提到表情符号进入了纽约现代艺术博物馆，这说明它们被人们视为艺术，故E项符合语境。
10.A　下文解释了人们喜欢表情符号的原因，因此But why？前必然是陈述了此事实，故A项符合语境。
11.D　上句指出人们跟自己喜欢的表情符号会有某种关联，也就是说，我们选择的表情符号会反映我们的性格。故D项符合语境。
12.F　上句提到在英国最受欢迎的表情符号包括“喜极而泣”“飞吻”和“红心”，这显然说明英国人还是很浪漫的。故F项符合语境。
8 / 8Part Ⅱ　Present an argument about space exploration
1.Why do some people think we should stop wasting time and money exploring space？（　　）
A.Some countries are so poor that they have no ability to explore space.
B.It’s no use exploring the universe.
C.They think we should pay attention to poverty， pollution and fatal diseases.
D.Exploring space will bring various disasters to mankind on Earth.
2.Which of the following is NOT true according to the text？（　　）
A.Exploring space has made a difference in the fight against world hunger.
B.Many satellites orbit Earth now due to exploring space.
C.The scientists can provide useful recommendations after analysing the data transmitted by the satellites.
D.Space technologies are used in industries rather than everyday products.
3.What is the purpose of the author in writing this passage？（　　）
A.To give tips on how to explore space.
B.To explain various ways of exploring space.
C.To call people’s attention to space exploration.
D.To advise people to stop exploring space.
答案：1－3　CDC
Step 1　品教材课文
IS EXPLORING SPACE A WASTE
OF TIME AND MONEY？
　　Countries around the globe are spending billions of dollars and lots of time on various space missions， whether to Mars or other planets much further away.Some people argue that we should stop wasting time and money exploring space.Instead， we should feed the world’s poor and find immediate solutions to other problems， such as pollution and fatal diseases.However， others feel this is a shallow view which fails to realise how exploring space helps us.
　　Firstly， exploring space has already made a difference in the fight against world hunger.It has directly resulted in the many satellites that now orbit Earth.A number of the satellites record data on land and weather patterns.Then the data is transmitted to scientists on Earth.After careful analysis， the scientists can provide useful recommendations and advice for farmers.As a result， space-based science has helped farming in its efforts to grow enough food to feed Earth’s increasing population.
　　Secondly， space exploration has already promoted technological improvements that benefit us all.High-end products around the world are made to a higher standard now because of advanced technology which was first created to meet the requirements for space exploration.For example， space technologies have helped the research and development of different types of new material.They have also helped companies make better heart monitors and other machines that doctors regularly use.Today， space technologies are widely used in all kinds of industries， and everyday products， such as memory foam pillows and smartphone cameras， are changing our lives.
　　Finally， sending astronauts into space has helped people to think about the world’s problems and even to find ways to solve them.Seeing pictures of our planet as an island in a black sea made people realise that our planet’s resources are limited.In order to provide for such a rapidly increasing population， scientists are trying to find other planets that could one day be our new home.The greatest attention at present is on Mars because it is closer to Earth.In the future， humans may live on both planets.
In closing， exploring space provides the world with many different benefits.Therefore， it should continue so as to provide new and better solutions to people’s short-term and long-term problems.
Step 2　析写作手法
学语言：
1.连接词：
（1）首段开头用Countries around the globe are spending billions of dollars and lots of time on various space missions， whether to Mars or other planets much further away.引出话题，接着用Some people argue that ...和others feel ...提出人们的正反两种观点，并用However一词衔接。
（2）第二段运用Firstly， exploring space has already made a difference in the fight against world hunger.介绍了第一个分论点，并在段中使用了Then、 After、 As a result等连接词语使句子之间层次清晰，逻辑鲜明，语意连贯。
（3）第三段运用了because of， also等衔接词语使句子之间语意连贯。
（4）第五段运用In closing， Therefore等衔接词语使句子之间衔接紧密，语意连贯。
2.高频词汇：a shallow view、 make a difference、 result in、 promote、 provide for 等词语的运用彰显了作者高人一筹的语言驾驭能力。
3.高级句式：
（1）第一段使用了宾语从句Some people argue that we should stop wasting time and money exploring space.及第二段运用动词-ing形式作主语Firstly， exploring space has already made a difference in the fight against world hunger.避免了多个简单句的平铺直叙，使句式表达清晰、流畅，吸引读者的眼球。
（2）第三段运用了三个定语从句that benefit us all、 which was first created to meet the requirements for space exploration和that doctors regularly use，使表达更高级。
学结构：
参考译文
探索太空是浪费时间和金钱吗？
　　世界各国正在投入数十亿美元的资金和大量时间执行各种太空任务，无论是去火星还是更远的星球。一部分人认为，我们应该停止浪费时间和金钱去探索太空。相反，我们应该解决世界上穷人的温饱问题，并尽快找到污染、致命性疾病等其他问题的解决方案。然而，另一部分人觉得这是一种肤浅的观点，没有认识到探索太空给我们带来的好处。
　　首先，太空探索已经在对抗世界饥饿的斗争中发挥了重要作用。如今环绕地球运行的众多卫星都直接归功于太空探索。许多卫星记录着陆地与天气模式数据，然后把这些数据传输给地球上的科学家。经过仔细的分析，科学家们可以为农民提供有用的建议和意见。因此，基于太空的科学有助于提高农业产量，从而为地球上不断增长的人口提供充足的食物。
　　其次，太空探索推动了科技进步，使全人类受益。由于采用了先进的技术，如今全球高端产品的生产标准提高了，而这些技术最初是为了满足太空探索的要求而研制出来的。例如，太空技术促进了各种新型材料的研发，还帮助一些公司制造出更好的心脏监测仪以及医生经常使用的其他设备。如今，太空技术广泛应用于各行各业，一些日用产品，如记忆海绵枕头、智能手机摄像头等，正在改变我们的生活。
　　最后，将航天员送入太空促使人们思考全球问题，甚至去寻找解决办法。看着我们星球的照片，犹如黑色汪洋大海中的一个小岛，人们意识到地球的资源是有限的。为了满足快速增长的人口需求，科学家们正在努力寻找有朝一日能够成为我们新家园的其他星球。目前最受关注的是火星，因为它离地球较近。未来，人类很可能居住在这两个星球上。
　　总而言之，太空探索给世界带来了种种好处。因此，这项事业应该继续下去，以便为人类（面临的）的长期问题和短期问题提供更好的更新的解决方案。
Step 3　背出彩佳句
一、夺人眼球开头句
1.Recently， our class had a heated discussion about whether to carry on space exploration.
最近，我们班就是否要进行太空探索展开了激烈的讨论。
2.Our class discussed whether to carry on space exploration or not.
我们班就是否进行太空探索展开了讨论。
3.As for the space exploration， different people have different opinions.
对于太空探索，不同的人有不同的看法。
二、亮点出彩篇中句
1.Space exploration has advantages and disadvantages.
太空探索有利有弊。
2.Countries around the globe have made great progress in space exploration.
世界各国在太空探索方面已经取得了很大进步。
3.There are some people who support the idea because they believe space exploration can improve a country’s comprehensive national strength.
有些人支持这个想法，因为他们认为太空探索可以提升一个国家的综合国力。
4.Exploring space has already made a great contribution to giving us more information about our solar system and universe.
探索太空在给我们提供更多关于太阳系和宇宙的信息方面做出了巨大贡献。
5.Some people think space exploration is a waste of time and money.
有些人认为太空探索浪费时间和金钱。
6.Astronauts who are sent into space are faced with many dangers and some even lose their lives.
进入太空的宇航员面临着许多危险，有些甚至会失去他们的生命。
7.The money spent on space exploration can be used to solve the Earth’s problems， such as pollution and starvation.花在太空探索上的钱可以用来解决地球上的问题，如污染和饥饿。
三、韵味无穷结尾句
1.As the old saying goes，“Every coin has two sides.”
常言道：“任何事情都有两面性。”
2.I think space exploration benefits the country and the people.我认为太空探索利国利民。
3.I hope our country will make greater progress in space exploration.
我希望我国在太空探索方面取得更大进步。
　　假定你是李华，最近你班举行了一次班会，班会的主题是“太空探索的意义”。请你结合下表内容，用英语给校报写一篇短文，客观地介绍讨论的情况并表达自己的观点。
赞同者 反对者
1.获得新知识； 2.从太空取得新资源； 3.扩大人类的生存空间 1.耗资巨大； 2.宇航员的安全问题
注意：1.写作词数应为80左右；
2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
一、合理布局，精心谋篇
第一段：选用合适的称呼语，提出论题；
第二段：列举正方观点和反方观点；
第三段：提出自己的观点——总结全文，言简意赅。
二、遣词造句，规范得体
1.　We had a discussion over whether it’s necessary to carry out the outer space exploration at a class meeting the other day.　
在前几天的班会上，我们就太空探索是否必要进行了讨论。
2.　Humans can find new resources in space and use them.　
人类可以在太空中找到新资源并加以利用。
3.　They say this kind of exploration costs too much money.And it’s very dangerous for astronauts to do such work.　
他们说这种勘探花费太多的钱，而且宇航员做这样的工作是非常危险的。
三、恰当衔接，自然过渡
4.用被动语态改写句2
　New resources can be found in space for humans to use.　
5.用not only ...but also ...升级句3
　In their opinion， not only does this kind of exploration cost too much money but it’s also very dangerous for astronauts to do such work.　
四、认真誊写，赏心悦目
　Dear Editor，　
　　　We had a discussion over whether it’s necessary to carry out the outer space exploration at a class meeting the other day.Some of us think it important to research the outer space.First， people can get a better understanding of the outer space through their explorations.Second， new resources can be found in space for humans to use and it will bring about new living space for human lives.　
　　　However， others don’t believe so.In their opinion， not only does this kind of exploration cost too much money but it’s also very dangerous for astronauts to do such work.　
　　　In my opinion， such explorations into the outer space are worthwhile.　
　Yours，　
　Li Hua　
核心词汇集释
argue vt.& vi.论证；争辩；争论
【教材原句】　Some people argue that we should stop wasting time and money exploring space.
有些人认为我们应该停止浪费时间和金钱去探索太空。
【用法】
（1）argue with sb （over/about sth） （就某事）与某人争（辩）论 argue for/against sth　据理赞成/反对某事 （2）argue sb into doing sth　　说服某人做某事 argue sb out of doing sth说服某人不做某事 （3）argument n.　　争论；争吵；论点
【佳句】　①I am writing the letter in the hope of arguing you out of being addicted to online games any longer.
我写这封信，希望说服你不要再沉迷于网络游戏了。
②There are strong arguments for and against capital punishment.
对于执行死刑，赞成与反对的双方都有强有力的论据。
【练透】　单句语法填空
①She has argued that wild animals 　（should） be left　 （leave） in the wild and not used for entertainment or advertisements.
【写美】　完成下面语段
②John 　argued that　 he could carry Bernard through the financial difficulty by selling popcorn.And John’s mother 　argued for　 his idea.Then John rushed to Bernard’s home to 　argue him into selling popcorn　 in the market so as to earn some extra money.
约翰认为他可以通过卖爆米花帮助伯纳德渡过经济困难。约翰的妈妈赞成他的主意。接着，约翰冲向伯纳德的家说服他在市场卖爆米花以赚取一些额外的钱。
result in 导致；造成
【教材原句】　It has directly resulted in the many satellites that now orbit Earth.
如今环绕地球运行的众多卫星都直接归功于太空探索。
【用法】
（1）result from　　　由于；由……造成 （2）as a result　　结果，因此 as a result of　　作为……的结果；因为……
【佳句】　As is known to all， failure usually results from laziness while diligence can result in success.
众所周知，失败通常源于懒惰，而勤奋可以导致成功。
【写美】　一句多译
缺乏信心导致他工作面试失败。
→A lack of confidence 　resulted in　 his failure in the job interview.
→His failure in the job interview 　resulted from　 a lack of confidence.
→He lacked confidence， and 　as a result　， he failed in the job interview.
limited adj.有限的
【教材原句】　Seeing pictures of our planet as an island in a black sea made people realise that our planet’s resources are limited.
看着我们星球的照片，犹如黑色汪洋大海中的一个小岛，人们意识到地球的资源是有限的。
【用法】
（1）limit ...to ...　　　把……限定在……之内 （2）There is no limit to ...　　……是无限的 set a limit/limits on　　设定……的限度 without limit　　无限地，无限制地 （3）limitless adj.　　无限制的
【佳句】　As a matter of fact， what we need is limited， but what we want is unlimited.
事实上，我们需要的是有限的，而我们想要的是无限的。
【练透】　单句语法填空
①A person’s life is 　limited　 but serving the people is 　limitless.I want to devote my 　limited　 life to serving the people 　limitlessly　.（limit）
②Obviously， there is a limit 　to　 the amount of work we can get done in two weeks.
【写美】　完成句子
③It is required that the length of the article 　should be limited to 400 words　 or so.
要求文章的长度应限制在400词左右。
provide for sb 提供生活所需
【教材原句】　 In order to provide for such a rapidly increasing population， scientists are trying to find other planets that could one day be our new home.
为了满足快速增长的人口需求，科学家们正在努力寻找有朝一日能够成为我们新家园的其他星球。
【用法】
（1）provide sb with sth＝provide sth for sb给某人提供某物 （2）supply sb with sth＝supply sth to sb给某人提供某物 （3）offer sb sth＝offer sth to sb 给某人提供某物
【佳句】　①He worked hard to provide for his large family.他努力工作以供养一大家子人。
②The school cafeteria strives to provide students with nutritious and balanced meals.
学校食堂努力为学生提供营养均衡的膳食。
③They used the money to supply the students with new textbooks.
他们用这笔钱为学生们提供新教科书。
【写美】　一句多译
您可以给我提供一些如何提高英语口语的建议吗？
→Would you please 　provide me with some suggestions　 on how to improve my oral English？（provide）
→Would you please 　provide some suggestions　 on how to improve my oral English 　for me　？（provide）
→Would you please 　supply me with some suggestions　 on how to improve my oral English？（supply）
→Would you please 　supply/offer some suggestions　 on how to improve my oral English 　to me　？
→Would you please 　offer me some suggestions　 on how to improve my oral English？
run out 用完；耗尽
【教材原句】　It is necessary to find a new home for people in space， as the resources on Earth will run out.
为人们在太空找到一个新家是有必要的，因为地球上的资源将耗尽。
【用法】
run out of 　　　用完，用尽（主语通常为人） use up　　用完，消耗尽（及物动词短语）
【佳句】　①Her money has run out and she is also running out of patience.她的钱花光了，并且她的耐心也耗尽了。
②I’ve used up all my strength and energy.我已经用尽了所有的力气和精力。
【点津】　（1）run out表示“用完，耗尽”，不及物动词短语，相当于give out；
（2）run out of 及物动词短语，相当于use up。
【练透】　单句语法填空
①Once the food runs 　out　， the country will face hunger and starvation again.
②At that time he had used 　up　 all his savings.
【写美】　一句多译
③我们应该提前买些食物，因为我们的食物很快就要吃光了。
→We should buy some food in advance because 　our food will soon run out　.
→We should buy some food in advance because 　we are running out of/using up our food　.
attach vt.系；绑；贴
【教材原句】　While sleeping， they must attach themselves to something so as to prevent floating around.
在睡觉时，为了防止四处飘浮，他们必须把自己拴在某个东西上。
【用法】
（1）attach great importance to （doing） sth认为（做）某事有重要意义 attach ...to ...　　把……附在……上 （2）be attached to ...　　喜欢……；附属于……
【佳句】　Seeing the yellow handkerchiefs attached to the tree，the man realised that his wife was still attached to him.So he headed to his home， with his heart beating excitedly.
看到系在树上的黄手帕，这个人意识到他的妻子仍然爱他。因此，他大踏步地向家走去，心激动地狂跳。
【练透】　单句语法填空
①I wonder if you have attached a recent photo 　to　 your application form.
②With more importance 　attached　 （attach） to traditional culture these years， hanfu has become increasingly popular.
【写美】　完成句子
③I 　attach great importance to reading English newspapers　 regularly because this can widen my view.
我认为经常读英文报非常重要，因为这会扩大我的视野。
重点句型解构
句型公式：be＋形容词＋to do
【教材原句】　It is necessary to find a new home for people in space， as the resources on Earth will run out.
为人们在太空找到一个新家是有必要的，因为地球上的资源将耗尽。
【用法】
（1）在“be＋形容词＋to do”结构中，形容词多为表示主语的性质、特征的词，如easy、 hard、 difficult、 interesting、 heavy、 pleasant、 good等。 （2）当动词不定式与句子的主语是动宾关系且是不及物动词时，应在该不及物动词后加上适当的介词。
【品悟】　In my opinion， the plan designed by our manager is hard to carry out.
在我看来，我们经理制定的这个计划很难实行。
【写美】　完成句子
①When he arrived there， he instantly found that the problem 　was hard to handle　.
当他到达那里时，立刻发现这个问题很难处理。
②As far as I know， he 　is easy to get along with　.
据我所知，他很容易相处。
③In summer， fresh air 　is comfortable to breathe　 and natural scenery 　is pleasant to enjoy　.
在夏季，人们可以神清气爽地呼吸新鲜空气，愉悦地享受自然风光。
句型公式：倍数表达法
【教材原句】　Olympus Mons， the largest volcano on Mars， is about twice as high as Mount Qomolangma.
奥林匹斯山是火星上最大的火山，高度大约是珠穆朗玛峰的两倍。
【用法】
（1）A is＋倍数＋as＋形容词＋as B； （2）A is＋倍数＋比较级＋than B； （3）A is＋倍数＋the＋名词（size/weight/length/height/...） ＋of＋B
【品悟】　The metal box is three times heavier than the plastic one.
这个金属箱子是塑料箱子的四倍重。
【写美】　一句多译
在建的新体育馆将是操场的三倍大。
→The new stadium being built will be 　twice bigger than　 the playground.（than）
→The new stadium being built will be 　three times as big as　 the playground.（as ...as）
→The new stadium being built will be 　three times the size of　 the playground.（size）
情感描写 ①keen adj.热衷的；渴望的 ②intelligent adj.有智慧的；聪明的；有智力的 ③determined adj.有决心的；意志坚定的 ④disappoint vt.使失望 disappointed adj.失望的；沮丧的 disappointing adj.令人失望的 disappointment n.失望；沮丧 ⑤desire n.渴望；欲望 vt.渴望；期望
动作描写 ①leap vi.& vt.跳过；跃过 ②signal vt.& vi.标志着；标明；发信号 ③float vi.浮动；漂流；漂浮 vt.使浮动；使漂流 ④lack vt.没有；缺乏 ⑤argue vt.& vi.论证；争辩；争论 ⑥provide for sb 提供生活所需 ⑦run out用完；耗尽
第一步：完成句子雏形现
1.　Having argued with my mother　 fiercely， I stormed out of the house， slamming the door heavily.
和妈妈大吵之后，我冲出房子，并重重地关上门。
2.　Disappointed and frustrated　， I felt like floating in an ocean of limitless sadness.
既失望又沮丧，我感觉好像漂浮在无限悲伤的海洋里。
3.Later， I stood beside a stand and 　sighed for lack of money　.
后来，我站在一个摊位旁，由于缺钱叹了口气。
4.The seller noticed my dilemma， 　greeted me with a kind smile and signaled me to sit down　.
摊主注意到了我的窘境，微笑着向我打招呼，示意我坐下。
5.　I was moved to tears.　
我感动地哭了。
6.The seller smiled，“Girl， your mother 　has been providing for you　 since you were born！”
摊主微笑道：“孩子，正是你的妈妈从你出生那天起就一直在为你提供生活所需！”
7.I wiped my tears， 　leapt to my feet and ran for home like a wind　.
我擦干眼泪，跳了起来，像风一样跑回家。
第二步：句式升级造亮点
8.把句6合并升级为强调句
The seller smiled，“Girl， 　it is your mother who has been providing for you since you were born　！”
第三步：过渡衔接连成篇
　　　Having argued with my mother fiercely， I stormed out of the house， slamming the door heavily.Disappointed and frustrated， I felt like floating in an ocean of limitless sadness.Later， I stood beside a stand and sighed for lack of money.The seller noticed my dilemma， greeted me with a kind smile and signaled me to sit down.I was moved to tears.The seller smiled，“Girl， it is your mother who has been providing for you since you were born！” I wiped my tears， leapt to my feet and ran for home like a wind.　
维度一：品句填词
1.Such is Liu Yang， the first Chinese woman 　astronaut　 （宇航员）.
2.As a result， the 　gravity　 （引力） of the Earth is about six times as great as that of the moon.
3.We should sort out the rubbish， hoping that we might 　recycle　 （循环利用） some， which will surely benefit us a great deal.
4.Exercise is an important part of every astronaut’s daily life to prevent 　muscle　 （肌肉） loss.
5.Thanks for your help with my study， I wouldn’t have passed the test 　otherwise　 （否则）.
6.A lack of 　oxygen　 （氧气） may have a bad influence on the brain development in the unborn child.
7.They had sufficient　 money to support their family after they arrived in Canada.
8.I had thought about arguing　 with the boss about that， but I didn’t have enough courage.
维度二：词形转换
1.What counts is that I can’t wait to earn some pocket money to prove my 　independence　 （independent）.
2.　Having　 （have） a positive attitude to study is the reason why I respect you.
3.China’s economy plays an important role in the 　global　 （globe） economy.
4.　Lacking　 （lack） money， he had to take up the job even though he had no interest in it.
5.If we can use 　recycled　 （recycle） materials， we will cause less pollution to the Earth.
6.Everyone is required to work out 　regularly　 （regular） and keep healthy.
7.Though we are young and our power is 　limited　 （limit）， every effort we make counts！
8.There are no simple 　solutions　 （solve） to the problem of population decline.
维度三：话题写作之太空探索
1.Many people 　attach great importance to exploring space　.
许多人认为探索太空非常重要。
2.It can 　provide the world with many different benefits　， such as developing new resources.
它可以提供给世界许多不同的益处，例如开发新资源。
3.After all， not only 　are our resources on Earth limited but they are also running out　.
毕竟，我们地球上的资源不仅有限而且快耗尽了。
4.However， others 　argue against space exploration　.
然而，其他人反对太空探索。
5.　Exploring space may result in　 many fatal problems.
探索太空也许会导致许多致命的问题。
维度四：课文语法填空
　　People hold different views on whether much money and energy should be spent on 1.　exploring　 （explore） space.
　　Now a number of satellites 2.　are orbiting　 （orbit） Earth， many of which have transmitted important data to scientists on Earth.After careful analysis， the scientists can provide 3.　useful　 （use） recommendations and advice for farmers.4.　As　 a result， space-based science has helped farming in its efforts 5.　to grow　 （grow） enough food to feed Earth’s increasing population.
　　Space exploration has a big impact on our lives.High-end products are made to a higher standard because of 6.　advanced　 （advance） technology.Today， space technologies are widely used in all kinds of industries， and everyday products， such as memory foam pillows 7.　and　 smartphone cameras， are changing our lives.
　　Sending astronauts into space has helped people to think about the world’s problems.Seeing pictures of our planet as 8.　an　 island in a black sea made people realise that our planet’s resources are limited.In order to provide for such a 9.　rapidly　 （rapid） increasing population， scientists are trying to find other planets 10.　that/which　 could one day be our new home.All in all， exploring space provides the world with many different benefits.
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
　　（2024·青岛六校高一下联考）Not only does AI do better than humans in what were uniquely human skills， but it also enjoys uniquely nonhuman abilities， which make the difference between AI and a human worker.Two particularly important nonhuman abilities that AI possesses are connectivity and updatability.
　　The benefits for human society are likely to be huge.AI doctors could provide far better and cheaper healthcare for billions of people， particularly for those who currently receive no healthcare at all.Hopefully， thanks to AI technology， in the future a poor villager in an underdeveloped country might come to enjoy far better healthcare via her smartphone than the richest person in the world gets today from the most advanced urban hospital.
　　Similarly， self-driving vehicles could provide people with much better transportation services， and in particular reduce mortality （死亡率） from traffic accidents.Today close to 1.25 million people are killed annually in traffic accidents （twice the number killed by war， crime， and terrorism combined）.More than 90 percent of these accidents are caused by very human errors： somebody drinking alcohol and driving， somebody texting a message while driving， somebody falling asleep at the wheel， somebody daydreaming instead of paying attention to the road.
　　The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration estimated in 2012 that 31 percent of fatal crashes in the United States involved alcohol abuse， 30 percent involved speeding， and 21 percent involved distracted drivers.Self-driving vehicles will never do any of these things.Though they suffer from their own problems and limitations， and though some accidents are inevitable， replacing all human drivers by computers is expected to reduce deaths and injuries on the road by about 90 percent.
　　It would therefore be madness to block automation in fields such as transport and healthcare just in order to protect human jobs.After all， what we ought to protect is humans — not jobs.Displaced drivers and doctors will just have to find something else to do.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。作者通过医疗以及交通这两个领域，说明人工智能比人类具有很多优势。
1.What can we learn about AI doctors？（　　）
A.They will charge much higher.
B.They will reach more patients.
C.They will offer individualized service.
D.They will replace human doctors soon.
解析：B　推理判断题。根据第二段可知，在未来，人工智能医生将会为数十亿人提供医疗服务，尤其是现在还无法享受医疗服务的穷人。
2.How does the author prove the benefits of self-driving vehicles？（　　）
A.By telling some stories.
B.By listing some numbers.
C.By giving some examples.
D.By answering some questions.
解析：B　细节理解题。根据第三、四段可知，作者主要通过列数字的方式来说明人工驾驶存在的问题以及无人驾驶汽车的优势。
3.How many people’s lives would be saved every year if self-driving vehicles were used？（　　）
A.About 0.26 million.
B.About 0.38 million.
C.About 0.75 million.
D.About one million.
解析：D　推理判断题。第三段指出，每年（全球）死于交通事故的人数是125万；第四段接着指出，无人驾驶汽车将会减少90%的交通事故伤亡人数。由此可推知，如果使用无人驾驶汽车，每年将挽救大约100万人的生命。
4.What’s the purpose of the last paragraph？（　　）
A.To give an argument.
B.To provide a solution.
C.To draw a conclusion.
D.To make a suggestion.
解析：C　推理判断题。最后一段作者得出结论：为了保护人类工作而阻止自动化（人工智能）的应用是不明智的，我们应该保护人类，而非工作。
B
　　（2024·杭州高一下期末）2020 was a landmark year for the commercial space industry.SpaceX became the first company ever to send humans to space aboard a privately owned spacecraft.The US government continued to work closely with start-ups and space businesses to put humans back on the Moon.And， helped by governments declaring them “essential businesses”， a pack of young space companies kept working to create new rockets or satellite services.
　　But 2023 is expected to be even bigger for the industry as the giants such as SpaceX continue to pursue future technologies — from Mars rockets to space-based Internet service and extraterrestrial （地球外的） tourism.
　　SpaceX made history when its Crew Dragon spacecraft proved it can transport NASA astronauts to the International Space Station， marking the first time in SpaceX’s 18-year history that the company put humans in space.It was also the best time of a decade-long partnership with NASA.
　　SpaceX is expected to make those trips routine.Another group of astronauts are expected to take flight aboard a Crew Dragon.
　　The ability to fly its own astronauts after spending nearly a decade relying on Russian spacecraft to put US astronauts in space is a huge deal for NASA.The space agency says it’ll now be able to keep the space station fully staffed.
　　Boeing is planning to conduct the first crewed flight of its Starliner vehicle next year， which is being developed under the same NASA program as SpaceX’s Crew Dragon.
　　Boeing’s Starliner， which looks similar to SpaceX’s Crew Dragon， will first need to re-do an unsuccessful flight test that the company tried to carry out one year ago.Boeing says it’s targeting March 29 for a second attempt， and — if all goes well — Starliner’s first crewed launch could kick off a few months later.
　　Both Boeing and SpaceX’s spacecraft are privately owned， which means both companies will have the option to sell seats aboard their spacecraft to anyone who can afford the roughly $50 million per-seat price tag.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。美国民营航天公司正在快速发展，其中最有代表性的两家公司是SpaceX和Boeing。
5.What did the American government do to its space companies？（　　）
A.It provided much support.
B.It introduced many policies.
C.It didn’t pay much attention.
D.It limited their development.
解析：A　细节理解题。根据第一段中的The US government continued to work closely with start-ups and space businesses和helped by governments declaring them “essential businesses”可知，美国政府与民营航天公司既密切合作，又大力支持。
6.How did SpaceX make history according to the text？（　　）
A.By carrying people to space.
B.By sending astronauts to Mars.
C.By working together with NASA.
D.By making Crew Dragon spacecraft.
解析：A　细节理解题。根据第三段可知，之所以说SpaceX公司创造了历史，是因为它的Crew Dragon载人宇宙飞船首次将人送往太空。
7.What can we learn about Boeing’s Starliner？（　　）
A.It’s more advanced than Crew Dragon.
B.It falls behind Crew Dragon at present.
C.It will be launched before Crew Dragon.
D.It will carry out America’s first crewed flight.
解析：B　推理判断题。根据第三段和第七段可知，SpaceX公司的Crew Dragon载人宇宙飞船已经将宇航员送往太空，而Boeing公司的Starliner飞船首次试飞失败。由此可推知，Starliner落后于Crew Dragon。
8.What would be the best title for the text？（　　）
A.SpaceX Will Launch Crew Dragon
B.Boeing Will Begin a Second Attempt
C.NASA Has Achieved Historic Success
D.Private Spaceflight Is Growing Rapidly
解析：D　标题归纳题。综合全文可知，本文主要以SpaceX和Boeing这两家民营航天公司为例，说明美国民营航天公司正在快速发展。因此D项为本文最佳标题。
Ⅱ.完形填空
　　（2024·临汾高一下质检）Growing up， I was fortunate to have dinner with my family almost every day.Sometimes， the family dinner circle 　9　 to include relatives stopping by.Yet， I knew some friends whose parents got home after dinner or even 　10　 the entire evening.So I 　11　 the quality time around our kitchen table， which witnessed countless valuable 　12　 in my life.
　　　13　， my kids cannot relate to my childhood memories.They have been left to 　14　 with babysitters more times than I would like to admit.My husband and I have 　15　 careers.And we often end up staying at the office way past dinnertime.When this happens too often， it 　16　 the balance of our family.
　　Apart from suffering from 　17　， what else can a hardworking family do？ I think we can all try to 　18　 our own ways to spend time together.Surely there are days when I’m too busy to share a meal with my family.But I would make efforts to 　19　 and chat later that day， 　20　 setting aside cellphones every time.And I even find a bedtime reading with my kids much 　21　.I am also proud to have our “big breakfast” routine every Saturday.My husband serves as the head chef， and my younger son 　22　 him to make the breakfast.
　　I am aware that my sons are growing up quickly and will be out of the 　23　 someday.But now， I am happy to have so many wonderful things on my plate.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章围绕“共享亲子时光”这一话题展开，说明亲情的可贵。
9.A.widened　　 B.formed
C.lessened　　 D.closed
解析：A　根据下文to include relatives stopping by可知，家里的餐桌会扩大，以容纳这些来访的亲戚。
10.A.missed　　 B.avoided
C.enjoyed　　 D.recorded
解析：A　根据空前parents got home after dinner or even可知，此处和上文形成递进关系，即父母会在晚饭时间之后才回家，甚至是一整个晚上都不回家。
11.A.wasted　　 B.treasured
C.limited　　 D.calculated
解析：B　这里表示作者十分珍惜餐桌旁的陪伴家人的时光。
12.A.shows　　 B.dishes
C.recipes　　 D.moments
解析：D　根据上文的quality time可知， 餐桌见证了作者人生中无数珍贵的时刻。
13.A.However　　 B.Otherwise
C.Therefore　　 D.Besides
解析：A　作者小时候可以和父母共进晚餐，但是作者的孩子只能和保姆一起吃晚餐。因此，这里表示“但是，我的孩子们并不能对我童年的回忆感同身受”。
14.A.sleep　　 B.dine
C.study　　 D.play
解析：B　全文围绕“一家人共进晚餐”这个话题展开，所以这里指“吃饭”。
15.A.suitable　　 B.flexible
C.satisfying　　 D.demanding
解析：D　根据下文we often end up staying at the office way past dinnertime可推断，作者和丈夫有着要求很高的工作。
16.A.maintains　　 B.disturbs
C.improves　　 D.strikes
解析：B　当父母总是无法陪孩子用餐时，就会打乱家中的平衡。
17.A.fear　　 B.anger
C.guilt　　 D.hunger
解析：C　联系上文可知，作者因不能与孩子共进晚餐而感到愧疚。
18.A.predict　　 B.create
C.evaluate　　 D.accept
解析：B　根据下文chat， bedtime reading和“big breakfast” routine every Saturday可知，作者是在创造自己的方式与孩子度过亲子时光。
19.A.work out　　 B.calm down
C.hold on　　 D.catch up
解析：D　根据上文there are days when I’m too busy to share a meal with my family可知，有时候作者无法和家人一起用餐，所以会努力去弥补失去的亲子时光。
20.A.unwillingly　　 B.casually
C.consciously　　 D.carelessly
解析：C　根据语境可知，作者会有意识地收起手机，避免外界的干扰。
21.A.louder　　 B.shorter
C.simpler　　 D.sweeter
解析：D　这让作者发现与孩子的睡前阅读时光变得更加美好。
22.A.assists　　 B.guides
C.allows　　 D.orders
解析：A　根据空前My husband serves as the head chef可知，作者的丈夫作为主厨，儿子辅助父亲完成早餐。
23.A.office　　 B.kitchen
C.house　　 D.park
解析：C　最后一段作者感慨，总有一天儿子会长大，并且离开家。
Ⅲ.应用文写作
　　（2024·贵阳高一下期末）“天问一号”和“嫦娥六号”的成功发射，引发全国范围的航天热。请你就此话题为你校英文报写一篇短文，内容包括：
　　1.航天热反映了什么；
　　2.太空探索的意义是什么。
注意：1.写作词数应为80左右；
2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
参考词汇：航天热 space craze
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
参考范文：
　　With the successful launch of Tianwen 1 and Chang’e 6， a space craze has been sweeping across the whole country.Without doubt， the latest craze reflects people’s curiosity about and interest in the magical universe.
　　Why do we explore the universe？ For one thing， the ability to explore the outer space is a part of a country’s comprehensive national strength， which can greatly improve its international status and influence.For another， we can use scientific and technological achievements of space exploration to serve the interests of people around the world.As President Xi Jinping said，“To explore the vast universe， develop the space industry and build China into a space power is a dream we have always been pursuing.”
Ⅳ.读后续写
　　阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
　　The class was over.Karl was delighted that he had created a very satisfying work.So he walked to the back of the classroom to put his work away carefully.There， lying on the carpet in front of the classroom bookcase， was a golden ticket！ Karl picked it up.His heart beat faster when he saw that the name line was blank.He couldn’t believe his luck！
　　The boys and girls in Karl’s class could earn golden tickets by doing well in their studies or by being extra helpful or kind.Once a week their teacher drew a ticket out of a box on her desk and let the winner choose a prize.
　　Today was the golden ticket drawing， and here was another ticket， just for him！ Karl looked around.No one else was near the ticket.All his classmates were at their desks， laughing and talking with each other.Miss Evans was engaged in grading the papers collected earlier in the morning.
　　Karl decided to write his name on the blank line.Then he could put it into the prize box with the six tickets he’d already earned.With so many chances， one of his tickets would most probably be picked！ Then he could choose the pink toy pig for his sister’s birthday， just like he had been hoping.
　　He smiled and reached for the pencil in his pocket.Suddenly his fingers stopped.There was a strange feeling in his chest， and it wasn’t his heartbeat.“Finders are keepers， right？” he wondered.He looked out of the window and tried to figure it out.On the one hand， he did find the ticket， but he hadn’t earned it.Somebody must have lost it.But on the other hand， he did need this extra ticket for his great plan！
注意：1.续写词数应为150左右；
2.请按如下格式作答。
　　Karl looked at the blank name line for a moment.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　“Karl， I intend to give you another ticket！” Miss Evans said.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
参考范文：
　　Karl looked at the blank name line for a moment.He knew his plan wouldn’t be so great if he won with a ticket that didn’t belong to him.So he walked up to his teacher.“Miss Evans， I happened to find this ticket on the floor near the bookcase.I think the one who lost it will look for it.And these are mine，” he said， dropping his six tickets into the box.When he turned around to leave， the teacher stopped him.
　　“Karl， I intend to give you another ticket！” Miss Evans said.Karl was amazed and wondered why.Miss Evans smiled and signed to the class to quiet down.“Karl handed in the golden ticket he had just found.I think he is honest and deserves another one！” The class burst into loud applause.Karl happily went back to his seat， eagerly expecting the ticket drawing.He still wanted his name to be picked， but he would feel OK even if it wasn’t.After all， making the right choice did make him feel great！
18 / 18