【培优方案】UNIT 2　MORALS AND VIRTUES（讲义）（教师版）英语（人教）必修第三册

UNIT 2　MORALS AND VIRTUES
When I do good， I feel good.When I do bad， I feel bad.That’s my religion. —Abraham Lincoln 当我做好事时，我感觉良好；当我做坏事时，我感觉很糟糕。这就是我的信仰。 ——亚伯拉罕·林肯 Successful people are always looking for opportunities to help others.Unsuccessful people are always asking，“What’s in it for me？” —Brian Tracy 成功人士总是在寻找机会帮助别人，不成功的人总是在问：“这对我有什么好处？” ——布莱恩·特雷西
You can have everything you want in life if you just help enough people get what they want in life. —Zig Ziglar 如果你能帮助足够多的人得到他们想要的东西，你就能得到你想要的一切。 ——金克拉 It is literally true that you can succeed best and quickest by helping others to succeed. —Napoleon Hill 通过帮助他人成功，你可以获得最好、最快的成功，这是千真万确的。 ——拿破仑·希尔
1 / 1Section Ⅱ　Reading and Thinking
MOTHER OF TEN THOUSAND BABIES
　　“Life is precious① . ...[1]To a person nothing is more precious than their life， and if they entrust② me with that life， how could I refuse that trust， saying I’m cold， hungry， or tired？” These words of Dr Lin Qiaozhi give us a look into the heart of this amazing woman， and what carried her through③a life of hard choices.
　　As a five-year-old girl， Lin Qiaozhi was deeply affected by her mother’s death.[2]At age 18， instead of following the traditional path of marriage④ like the majority⑤ of girls， she chose to work and study. “Why should girls learn so much？ Finding a good husband should be their final goal！” her brother complained⑥， thinking of the high tuition⑦ fees⑧.[3]She responded⑨， “I’d rather stay single to study all my life！” Later， she went on to study medicine as she had wished.
　　In 1929， Lin graduated from Peking Union⑩ Medical College （PUMC） with the Wenhai Scholarship ， the highest prize given to graduates.[4]She immediately became the first woman ever to be hired as a resident physician in the OB-GYN department of the PUMC Hospital.Within six months， she was named a chief resident physician， a position that usually took four years to achieve.After working for a few years， she was sent to study in Europe and then， in 1939， in the US.She greatly impressed her American colleagues ， who invited her to stay.Dr Lin， however， rejected the offer.She wanted to serve the women and children at home.
　　[1]句中nothing is more precious than their life 为“否定词＋形容词比较级＋than ...”结构，表示最高级的含义。动词-ing形式saying ...作伴随状语。
　　[2]following the traditional path ...是动词-ing短语作宾语。
　　[3]would rather do ...宁愿做……
　　[4]在the first、 the second、 the last、 the next、 the only等词和形容词最高级后，或在被这些词修饰的名词、代词后，常用动词不定式作后置定语。
　　In 1941， Dr Lin became the first Chinese woman ever to be appointed director of the OB-GYN department of the PUMC Hospital， but just a few months later， the department was closed because of the war.[5]Thinking of all the people still in need of help， Dr Lin opened a private clinic .She charged very low fees to treat patients and often reduced costs for poor patients.At times she was even seen riding a donkey to faraway villages to provide medical care.
　　[6]The new People’s Republic of China saw Dr Lin Qiaozhi playing a key role. In 1954， she was elected to the first National People’s Congress and， over the next several decades ， she held many important positions.Her heart， however， was elsewhere .She was more interested in tending patients， publishing medical research on care for women and children， and training the next generation of doctors.“The OB-GYN department cares for two lives，” she told new staff in her department.“As doctors， we should be responsible for the patients and treat them as our sisters.”
　　Though Lin Qiaozhi never married， she was known as the “mother of ten thousand babies”， having delivered over 50，000 babies in her lifetime.[7]Dr Lin did not retire until the day she died， 22 April 1983.Since she had no children of her own ， she left her savings to a kindergarten and a fund for new doctors.And even as she lay dying， her final thoughts were for others.“I’m ready to go，” she said.“Don’t try to rescue me any more.Don’t waste the medicine any more.”
　　[5]Thinking of all the people still in need of help ...是动词-ing短语作状语。
　　[6]playing a key role是动词-ing短语作宾语补足语。
　　[7]not ...until ...直到……才……
【读文清障】
①precious adj.珍稀的；宝贵的
②entrust vt.委托；交付
③carry sb through sth
帮助某人渡过难关
④marriage n.结婚；婚姻
⑤majority n.大部分；大多数
⑥complain vi.& vt.抱怨；发牢骚
⑦tuition n.（小组）教学；讲课
⑧fee n.专业服务费；报酬
tuition fees学费
⑨respond vt.回答；回复
vi.做出反应；回应
response n.反应；回答；回复
⑩union n.协会；联合会；工会
scholarship n.奖学金
hire vt.聘任；雇用；租用
n.租借；租用
physician n.医师；（尤指）内科医生
resident physician 住院医师
colleague n.同事；同僚
reject vt.拒绝接受；不录用
rejection n.拒绝接受；否决
appoint vt.任命；委派
clinic n.诊所；门诊部
faraway adj.遥远的
elect vt.选举；推选
election n.选举；推选；当选
decade n.十年；十年期
elsewhere adv.在别处；去别处
tend vt.照顾；照料
vi.倾向；趋于
tend to do sth
易于做某事；往往会发生某事
publish vt.发表（作品）；出版
staff n.员工；全体职员
be responsible for ...对……负责
be known as ...作为……而出名
retire vi.& vt.退休；退职；退出
of one’s own 属于某人自己的
saving n.节省物；节省；节约；
[pl.] 储蓄金；存款
kindergarten n.学前班；幼儿园
【参考译文】
万婴之母
　　“生命是宝贵的。……对一个人来说，没有什么比他们的生命更加珍贵了。而现在这个人对你说，我把生命交给你，那么你还说什么呢？你冷？你饿？你困？”林巧稚医生这一席话使我们得以窥见这位非凡女性的内心世界，并了解是什么支撑她度过充满艰难抉择的一生。
　　林巧稚五岁时母亲病故，这对她影响极大。十八岁时，她没有像大多数的女孩那样走上婚姻这一传统道路，而是选择工作和学习。“女孩子读那么多书干嘛？找个好丈夫才是她们的归宿！”她的兄弟一想到高昂的学费就这么抱怨。她回答：“我宁愿一辈子不嫁人，也要学医！”后来，如她所愿她继续学医。
　　1929年，林巧稚从北京协和医学院毕业，并获得了该校毕业生的最高荣誉奖——“文海”奖学金。她随即成为北京协和医院妇产科聘任的第一位女住院医师。不到六个月，她就成了住院主任医师，而升任这一职位通常需要四年时间。工作了几年之后，她被派往欧洲学习，之后于1939年又赴美学习。美国同行对她印象极佳，邀请她留下。但是，林医生谢绝了邀请。她希望服务祖国的妇女和儿童。
　　1941年，林医生成为北京协和医院妇产科的首位中国籍女主任，但是仅仅数月之后，妇产科就因为战争而关闭。想到还有那么多人需要帮助，林医生开办了一间私人诊所。她向病人收取的治疗费用极低，而且经常为穷苦病人减免费用。有时人们甚至会看到她骑着毛驴去遥远的村庄给人看病。
　　中华人民共和国成立后，林巧稚医生发挥了更大的作用。1954年，她当选第一届全国人大代表；在随后的几十年间，她担任许多重要职位。然而，她的心却在别处。她更感兴趣的是治病救人、发表妇幼护理医学研究成果、培养下一代的医生。“妇产科救治的是母婴两条生命，”她对科室新入职的医务人员说道，“作为医生，我们必须对患者负责，视她们如姐妹。”
　　虽然林巧稚终身未婚，但是她被称为“万婴之母”，她一生中亲手接生的婴儿有五万多名。林医生坚守在岗位上，直到1983年4月22日她去世的那一天。由于自己没有孩子，她把积蓄捐给了一家幼儿园和一项新医生基金。即使在她弥留之际，她最后惦念的仍是他人。“我要走了，”她说，“不要再抢救了，不要再浪费药品了。”
第一步：析架构理清脉络
1.Skim the text and fill in the blanks.
2.What’s the main idea of the text？（　　）
A.Dr Lin’s road to success.
B.Dr Lin’s contributions to society.
C.How Dr Lin made choices in her life.
D.How Dr Lin delivered babies in the hospital.
答案： B
第二步：知细节明察秋毫
1.What did Dr Lin Qiaozhi think was the most precious？（　　）
A.Medicine.　　B.Choice.
C.Marriage.　　D.Life.
2.What made Lin Qiaozhi’s brother angry with her？（　　）
A.Her mother’s death.
B.Her goal to study medicine.
C.Her decision to be single.
D.Her marriage like most girls.
3.What can we learn from the last paragraph？（　　）
A.Lin married very late.
B.Lin adopted many babies.
C.Lin died while working.
D.Lin founded a kindergarten.
4.Which of the following can best describe Dr Lin？（　　）
A.Smart and careful.
B.Positive and confident.
C.Serious and patient.
D.Hard-working and kind.
答案：1－4　DBCD
第三步：品佳句妙笔生辉
Read the passage carefully and find the sentences describing Lin Qiaozhi’s selfless devotion to her work.
　（1）To a person nothing is more precious than their life， and if they entrust me with that life， how could I refuse that trust， saying I’m cold， hungry， or tired？　
　（2）She charged very low fees to treat patients and often reduced costs for poor patients.　
　（3）At times she was even seen riding a donkey to faraway villages to provide medical care.　
　（4）Dr Lin did not retire until the day she died， 22 April 1983.　
　（5）Since she had no children of her own， she left her savings to a kindergarten and a fund for new doctors.　
　（6）And even as she lay dying， her final thoughts were for others.“I’m ready to go，” she said.“Don’t try to rescue me any more.Don’t waste the medicine any more.”　
第四步：抒己见提升思维
1.What kind of person do you think Dr Lin was？
　Dr Lin devoted all her life to the people selflessly.She was a kind-hearted woman， a scientist of the people， a model of the medical profession， a good daughter of the Chinese nation and an outstanding representative of contemporary women.　
2.What was the main principle guiding Dr Lin through the choices in her life？
　The way I see it， the main principle guiding Dr Lin through the choices in her life is serving others wholeheartedly.Whatever she did， the first thing that she thought of was other people’s interests.　
第五步：辨难句拆分解读
1.To a person nothing is more precious than their life， and if they entrust me with that life， how could I refuse that trust， saying I’m cold， hungry， or tired？
句式分析
自主翻译 　对一个人来说，没有什么比他们的生命更加珍贵了。而现在这个人对你说，我把生命交给你，那么你还说什么呢？你冷？你饿？你困？　
2.Though Lin Qiaozhi never married， she was known as the “mother of ten thousand babies”， having delivered over 50，000 babies in her lifetime.
句式分析
自主翻译 　虽然林巧稚终身未婚，但是她被称为“万婴之母”，她一生中亲手接生的婴儿有五万多名。　
核心词汇集释
majority n.大部分；大多数
【教材原句】　At age 18， instead of following the traditional path of marriage like the majority of girls， she chose to work and study.十八岁时，她没有像大多数的女孩那样走上婚姻这一传统道路，而是选择了工作和学习。
【用法】
（1）the majority of ...　大多数…… be in the majority　　占大部分/大多数 （2）major vi.　　主修 n.　　主修课程 adj.　　主要的；重要的 major in　　主修……；以……为专业
【佳句】　Nowadays， the majority of students have developed a strong interest in the subject of physics.
如今，大多数学生对物理学科产生了浓厚的兴趣。
【练透】　单句语法填空
①Though the majority 　was/were　 （be） against the plan， the manager still asked his staff to carry it out.
【写美】　词汇升级
②A recent survey suggests that many students tend to learn English by listening to English songs.
→A recent survey suggests that 　the majority of　 students tend to learn English by listening to English songs.
complain vi.& vt.抱怨；发牢骚
【教材原句】　“Why should girls learn so much？ Finding a good husband should be their final goal！” her brother complained， thinking of the high tuition fees.
“女孩子读那么多书干嘛？找个好丈夫才是她们的归宿！”她的兄弟一想到高昂的学费就这么抱怨。
【用法】
（1）complain to sb　　　　向某人抱怨，发牢骚 complain about sth　　抱怨某事 （2）complaint n.　　投诉，抱怨，怨言 make a complaint about　　抱怨……；投诉……
【佳句】　①The daughter complained to her father about her life and how things were so hard for her.女儿向父亲抱怨她的生活，她觉得凡事都很艰难。
②I’ve made a complaint to the police about the noise.
我已就噪音问题向警方投诉。
【点津】　complain 不能直接跟人作宾语，应加介词to。
【练透】　单句语法填空
①I feel it no use 　complaining　 （complain）；instead， I should take action immediately.
②It was obvious that all my 　complaints　 （complain） about the service of your restaurants were useless.
【写美】　完成句子
③I’m writing to 　complain about/make a complaint about　 the poor service of your hotel.
我写信是投诉你们酒店的服务不好。
④We’ve 　received a complaint from one of our customers　 about product quality.
我们收到其中一位顾客对产品质量的投诉。
respond vt.回答；回复vi.做出反应；回应
【教材原句】　She responded，“I’d rather stay single to study all my life！”
她回答：“我宁愿一辈子不嫁人，也要学医！”
【用法】
（1）respond to　　　　　对……做出反应或回应 respond that ...　　回答说…… （2）response n.　　反应；回答；回复 in response （to ...）　　作为（对……）的答复 make （a） response to　　回答；对……做出回应
【佳句】　When asked about how to improve Chinese， he responded that we should listen to and speak Chinese every day.
当被问到如何提高汉语时，他答复说我们应该每天听汉语、说汉语。
【练透】　单句语法填空
①I would be grateful if you could respond 　to　 my message at your earliest convenience.
②The exhibition has received a positive 　response　 （respond） from visitors.
【写美】　完成句子
③　In response to/To respond to the audience’s great demand　， the play will be put on in the theatre twice a week.
为了响应观众的强烈要求，这出戏将在这个剧院一周上演两次。
reject vt.拒绝接受；不录用
【教材原句】　Dr Lin， however， rejected the offer.但是，林医生谢绝了邀请。
【用法】
（1）reject an offer　　　　　拒绝接受一项提议 reject a suggestion　　拒绝接受一个建议 （2）rejection n.　　拒绝接受；否决
【佳句】　Children feel abandoned or rejected if they don’t see their parents regularly.
如果孩子们不能经常见到父母，他们会感到被抛弃或被拒绝。
【练透】　单句语法填空
①His proposal was 　rejected　 by his manager at the meeting.The 　rejection　 made him feel horrible.（reject）
【写美】　完成句子
②I applied for a job as a mechanic in a local garage， but 　I was rejected　.
我申请了当地一家汽车修理厂的机械师工作，但被拒绝了。
appoint vt.任命；委派
【教材原句】　In 1941， Dr Lin became the first Chinese woman ever to be appointed director of the OB-GYN department of the PUMC Hospital， but just a few months later， the department was closed because of the war.
1941年，林医生成为北京协和医院妇产科的首位中国籍女主任，但是仅仅数月之后，妇产科就因为战争而关闭。
【用法】
（1）appoint sb to do sth　委派某人做某事 appoint sb as/to be＋职务　任命某人担任某职务 （2）appointment n.　　约会；任命 make an appointment with sb　　与某人约会 （3）appointed adj.　　约定的；指定的
【佳句】　Learning that you are appointed as the chairman of the student union， I am writing to send my sincere congratulations to you.（祝贺信）
得知你被任命为学生会主席，我写信向你致以诚挚的祝贺。
【练透】　单句语法填空
①If you want to see the doctor， you’d better make an 　appointment　 （appoint） with him in advance.
②I strongly suggest that you should arrive on time or earlier than the 　appointed　 （appoint） time，which is significant to show your politeness.
【写美】　完成句子
③　Having made an appointment with the doctor　， I am terribly sorry for not keeping you company to the bookshop 　at the appointed time　.
由于已经和医生预约，我非常抱歉不能在约定的时间陪你去书店了。
elect vt.选举；推选
【教材原句】　In 1954， she was elected to the first National People’s Congress and， over the next several decades， she held many important positions.1954年，她当选第一届全国人大代表；在随后的几十年间，她担任许多重要职位。
【用法】
（1）elect sb to be/as ...　　选举某人为…… （2）election n.　　选举；推选；当选
【佳句】　①We elected James to be chairman.
＝James was elected as chairman.
我们选举詹姆斯为主席。
②In America， presidential elections are held every four years.在美国，总统选举每四年举行一次。
【练透】　单句语法填空
①She became the first woman 　 to be elected　 （elect） to the Senate.
②If I have the honour to win the 　election　 （elect）， I’ll try to organise as many activities as possible.
【写美】　完成句子
③The group 　elected one of its members to be/as their spokesperson　.该团体选出一名成员作为他们的发言人。
tend vt.照顾；照料 vi.倾向；趋于
【教材原句】　She was more interested in tending patients， publishing medical research on care for women and children， and training the next generation of doctors.
她更感兴趣的是治病救人、发表妇幼护理医学研究成果、培养下一代的医生。
【用法】
（1）tend to do/be ...　　 　　易于/趋向…… tend （to） sb/sth　　照顾某人/物 （2）tendency n.　　趋向；倾向 There is a tendency that ...　　有一种趋势/倾向 have a tendency to do sth　　倾向于做某事；喜欢做某事
【佳句】　Parents tend to believe that they need to provide their children with good living conditions.
父母往往认为他们要为孩子们提供良好的生活条件。
【练透】　单句语法填空
①There is a growing 　tendency　 （tend） among middle school students that they will do some voluntary work during their vacations.
【写美】　词汇升级
②It is because my mother has looked after me carefully that I have recovered from the disease so quickly.
→It is because my mother has 　tended （to）　 me carefully that I have recovered from the disease so quickly.
retire vi.& vt.退休；退职；退出
【教材原句】　Dr Lin did not retire until the day she died， 22 April 1983.
林医生坚守在岗位上，直到1983年4月22日她去世的那一天。
【用法】
（1）retire from ...　　　从……退休 retire as ...　　以……身份退休 （2）retirement n.　　退休；退职 retired adj.　　已退休的；已退职的
【佳句】　①He was forced to retire early from his position because of poor health.
由于身体不好，他被迫提前从该职位退下来。
②He announced his retirement as chief executive of the company.他宣布辞去公司首席执行官的职务。
【练透】　单句语法填空
①At age 68， he 　retired　 （retire） from the post office， but he never stopped serving the community.
②A 　retired　 （retire） engineer， 76-year-old Wilson， has been offering free rides to college students for the past eight years.
【写美】　完成句子
③　After/Since retiring from the company　， she has done voluntary work for a charity.
从公司退休后，她一直在一家慈善机构做志愿工作。
scared adj.害怕的；对……感到惊慌或恐惧的
【教材原句】　She was so scared during the interview that she completely forgot how she should respond to the questions.她在面试中非常害怕，以至于完全忘记了自己应该如何回答这些问题。
【用法】
（1）scare sb into doing sth 威胁/恐吓某人做某事 scare sb/sth away/off　　把某人/物吓跑 （2）be scared
【佳句】　When the other passengers were scared to death， that child was completely calm and brave.当其他乘客都被吓得要死时，那个孩子却十分冷静，毫不畏惧。
【练透】　单句语法填空
①They made very loud noises in order to scare the birds 　away/off　.
【写美】　一句多译
②我们害怕会被凶猛的熊伤害。
→We 　were scared of being hurt　 by the fierce bear.
→We 　were scared to be hurt by the fierce bear.
→We 　were scared that we would be hurt　 by the fierce bear.
energetic adj.精力充沛的；充满活力的
【教材原句】　One of the advantages of hiring energetic and positive young people is that they tend to show interest in their work and they are eager to learn.
雇用精力充沛、积极向上的年轻人的好处之一是，他们往往对自己的工作表现出兴趣，而且渴望学习。
【用法】
（1）feel energetic　　　　感到精力充沛 （2）energy n.　　能量；精力 be full of energy　　精力旺盛
【佳句】　It can help me keep healthy and energetic as well as provides me with a chance to make friends.
它可以帮助我保持健康和精力充沛，并为我提供一个交朋友的机会。
【练透】　单句语法填空
①I’d like to offer some suggestions on how to keep healthy and 　energetic　 （energy）.
②I’m going to devote all my 　energies　 （energy） to getting a better job.
【写美】　完成句子
③It’s necessary for you to eat more fruit， which will 　provide enough energy for you　.
你有必要多吃点水果，这能给你提供足够的能量。
replace vt.接替；取代；更换；把……放回原处
【教材原句】　The student union will hold a special meeting in January to elect someone to replace the secretary.
学生会将在一月份举行一次特别会议，选举一个人接替这位秘书。
【用法】
replace A with/by B　　　以B代替/替换A replace sth　　代替某物/某事
【佳句】　①As far as I’m concerned， traditional classes can’t be replaced by online ones.
就我而言，传统课程不能被网课所代替。
②Tourism has replaced agriculture as the nation’s main industry.
旅游业已取代农业成为这个国家的主要产业。
【联想】　与replace词义相近的其他短语：
①take the place of 　　　②take one’s place
③in place of　　④instead of
【练透】　单句语法填空
①As far as I’m concerned， it is not a good idea to miss meals and replace them 　with/by　 snacks.
②It would be difficult to find a man 　to replace　 （replace） the present manager.
【写美】　一句多译
③我非常高兴代替我的同事在开幕式上作演讲。
→I am very pleased to 　replace/take the place of　 my colleague to deliver a speech at the opening ceremony.
→I am very pleased to deliver a speech at the opening ceremony 　in place of/instead of　 my colleague.
重点句型解构
句型公式：“否定词＋形容词/副词比较级＋than ...”表示最高级含义
【教材原句】　To a person nothing is more precious than their life， and if they entrust me with that life， how could I refuse that trust， saying I’m cold， hungry， or tired？
对一个人来说，没有什么比他们的生命更加珍贵了。而现在这个人对你说，我把生命交给你，那么你还说什么呢？你冷？你饿？你困？
【用法】
表示最高级含义的常用表达法： （1）否定词＋so/as＋形容词/副词原级＋as （2）can/could＋never/not ...enough/too ...再……也不过分
【品悟】　When learning that I won the first prize in the writing contest， I had never been more excited. （2023·新课标Ⅰ卷）
当得知我在写作比赛中获得第一名时，我从来没有这么兴奋过。
【写美】　完成句子/ 一句多译
①In the face of disasters， 　nothing is more precious than human lives　.
在灾难面前，没有什么比人的生命更珍贵。
②You 　can’t be too careful　 while driving a car in any case.
在任何情况下，开车越小心越好。
③汤姆是我们班最勤奋的学生。
→Tom is 　the most hard-working student　 in our class.
→　Nobody is more hard-working than　 Tom in our class.
句型公式：the＋序数词＋名词＋to do sth
【教材原句】　She immediately became the first woman ever to be hired as a resident physician in the OB-GYN department of the PUMC Hospital.她随即成为北京协和医院妇产科聘任的第一位女住院医师。
【用法】
（1）当中心词是序数词或被序数词、形容词最高级等修饰或前有the only， the last， the right等时，常用动词不定式作后置定语。 （2）在time， way， chance， ability， promise等抽象名词后常用动词不定式作后置定语。
【品悟】　Jack was the first person to think of a good idea to help Bernard make money by making popcorn.
杰克是第一个想到一个好办法来帮助伯纳德通过做爆米花赚钱的人。
【写美】　完成句子
①Yang Liwei is not only 　the first Chinese to go to space　 but also one of the greatest astronauts in the world.
杨利伟不仅是第一个进入太空的中国人，还是世界上最伟大的宇航员之一。
②He is 　the first student to figure out　 that difficult maths problem.
他是第一个解出那道数学难题的学生。
维度一：品句填词
1.The committee will 　publish　 （发表） their report on the health service in a few weeks.
2.In the past four 　decades　 （十年）， China has improved the living standards of the ordinary people.
3.Don’t waste your 　precious　 （宝贵的） time by chatting online all day long.
4.When asked about the clinic’s future， the physician 　responded　 （回复） that he remained optimistic.
5.Caring for the elderly is a traditional 　virtue　 （美德）， which will contribute to a harmonious society.
6.I am writing with the aim of complaining　 about the terrible service of the insurance company.
7.In the past decade， Huawei company has hired　 thousands of technical experts.
8.I’m writing to express my sincere thanks to Ms Wang who tended　 my mother in the hospital.
维度二：单句语法填空
1.Public attitudes towards 　marriage　 （marry） have changed over the past 50 years.
2.People should make significant changes to their daily routines in 　response　 （respond） to serious air pollution.
3.　 Scared　 （scare） to death， my colleague didn’t know how to deal with the whole horrible matter.
4.During the last ten years， the number of people taking part in physical fitness programmes has been increasing 　sharply　 （sharp）.
5.There is a growing 　tendency　 （tend） for people to work at home instead of in offices.
6.My grandfather is as 　energetic　 （energy） as a young man and hates sitting around doing nothing all day.
7.When it comes to education， I believe that nothing is 　more important　 （important） than making our kids competitive in the 21st century.
8.Make sure you have understood all the details and try to get there a few minutes before the 　appointed　 （appoint） time.
维度三：固定搭配和句式
1.We are quite pleased to hear that 　you have been appointed as/to be　 captain of your school football team.
获悉你已被任命为你们学校足球队的队长我们非常高兴。
2.It was my headteacher’s encouragement and trust 　that carried me through the hardships in my life and study　.
正是我的班主任的鼓励和信任帮助我渡过了生活和学习中的难关。
3.After that serious disease， I realise that 　nothing is more important than health in life　.
那次严重的疾病之后，我意识到在生活中没有什么比健康更重要。
4.The ancient temple 　has seen great changes of the village　 in the past two hundred years.
这座古庙见证了过去两百年里这个村庄的巨大变迁。
5.　In response to your letter of complaint　， I make the following promises.
作为对您投诉信的回应，我做出如下承诺。
维度四：课文语法填空
　　Lin Qiaozhi， who delivered over 50，000 babies in her lifetime，1.　was known　 （know） as the “mother of ten thousand babies”， though she never got married.2.　Affected　 （affect） by her mother’s death， Lin Qiaozhi decided to study medicine 3.　at　 the age of 18 instead of following the traditional path of 4.　marriage　 （marry） like many other girls.After graduating from Peking Union Medical College， she was hired as a resident physician.5.　Having worked　 （work） for a few years， she was sent to Europe and the US，6.　where　 she rejected her colleagues’ offer to stay， but returned home.Though appointed 7.　to hold　 （hold） many important positions， she was more interested in tending patients.She held the belief that doctors should be responsible 8.　for　 the patients.Dr Lin never retired.Even as she lay 9.　dying　 （die）， she was still thinking of others.This is Lin Qiaozhi， who devoted all her life to 10.　helping　 （help） the women and children in need of her help.
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
　　（2024·临汾高一下期末）In Fujian Province during the Northern Song Dynasty （960－1127） there lived a man called Yang Shi.He devoted his whole life to study， and to spreading his ideas and theories.At that time， the brothers Cheng Hao and Cheng Yi， famous scholars in the capital， Luoyang， were teachers of the Way of Confucius and Mencius.
　　When Yang Shi heard of them， instead of going to where an official post had been assigned to him， he made his way to Luoyang and became Cheng Hao’s student.When Yang Shi finished his studies and left for home， Cheng Hao said with satisfaction， “My ideas are finally being spread in the south.” Four years later， Cheng Hao died and Yang Shi was extremely sad.
　　Later， Yang Shi made his way once more to Luoyang， where he asked Cheng Yi， Cheng Hao’s younger brother， to be his teacher.He wanted to make further progress in his studies.At that time Yang Shi was over forty years old， and a pretty well-known scholar， but he was very modest and respectful of teachers.
　　One day， Yang Shi and a fellow student， You Zuo， got into a dispute over a certain matter.Finding that they could not reconcile their differences， they decided to consult their teacher.
　　It happened to be the deep winter.When they reached Cheng Yi’s house they found him sitting by a stove meditating （冥想）.Yang Shi and his classmate did not dare to disturb their teacher， but stood respectfully outside the door waiting for him to wake up.
　　The snow fell relentlessly， thicker and thicker.After a long time， Cheng Yi came out of his reverie.He looked out of the window， to see the two men standing in a blizzard， covered in snow.The teacher hastily arose and ushered them inside.
　　Later， when Yang Shi had completed his study with Master Cheng Yi， he returned to the south and spread his teacher’s ideas.The story “Standing in the Snow at Cheng’s Door” became a fine tale transmitted from generation to generation advocating respect for teachers and for study.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。程颢、程颐兄弟俩都是宋代极有学问的人。进士杨时先拜程颢为师，后来又拜程颐为师。一次杨时和同学去请教程颐问题，适逢老师休息，于是他们在门外等候，直至地面积雪一尺多厚。
1.What did Yang Shi do before he became Cheng Hao’s student？（　　）
A.He learned from Cheng Yi.
B.He gave up an official post.
C.He paid a visit to Cheng Yi.
D.He spread Cheng Yi’s ideas.
解析：B　推理判断题。根据第二段可知，杨时先放弃了自己的高官厚禄，然后去洛阳拜程颢为师。
2.What does the underlined word “reconcile” in Paragraph 4 mean？（　　）
A.Settle.　　B.Notice.
C.Identify.　　D.Explain.
解析：A　词义猜测题。根据第四段可知，一天，杨时和他的同学游酢为一件事发生了争执。由于他们无法解决分歧，所以才决定去找老师。因此，画线词reconcile与settle意思相近。
3.How did Cheng Yi probably feel when he saw his two students？（　　）
A.Surprised and moved.
B.Satisfied and delighted.
C.Confused and doubtful.
D.Disappointed and curious.
解析：A　推理判断题。根据倒数第二段可知，当程颐向窗外望去，看到那两个人站在暴风雪中，浑身是雪。程颐急忙站起来，把他们领进房间。根据当时的情景，我们可以判断老师会非常吃惊和感动。
4.What message does this story intend to convey？（　　）
A.Always have a thirst for knowledge.
B.Keep learning from different teachers.
C.Acquire as much knowledge as possible.
D.Show respect for teachers and knowledge.
解析：D　主旨大意题。综合全文可知，“程门立雪”这一故事，主要揭示了尊师重道这一中华民族的传统美德。最后一段对本文的主旨作了概括。
B
　　（2024·兰州高一下质检）What’s really behind the global rise in working longer and longer hours？We are all workers， whether we work in an office as managers， in a hot and noisy factory as workers or as housewives at home.
　　The important message is： Work is for man and not man for work！Through work， man develops himself， his personality and his sense of self-worth.It is also through work that man produces goods and services contributing and participating in the development and society.
　　According to latest International Labor Organization statistics， more than 400 million employed people worldwide work 49 or more hours per week.
　　In a recent interview with The New York Times， even Elon Musk， CEO of Tesla， felt moved to describe his 47th birthday spent locked in his factory， pulling an all-nighter.“No friends， nothing，” he said.It might have been just another day in another 120-hour work week.“This has really come at the expense of seeing my kids and seeing friends，” he added.
　　Hustling over long hours and weekends has become a staple of start-up culture in Silicon Valley — hence， it has also filtered out to many parts of the world.
　　The problem is that this “long hours” culture likely defeats the purpose of getting more things done， or at least puts a very high price on doing them.There is plenty of evidence that working overtime reduces your productivity， and makes you feel and actually be less healthy.It also makes you more likely to develop a whole range of diseases.
　　Keep in mind that working for days at a time is not smart， even if you were Elon Musk.The news of his unhealthy work routine has not been well received by investors， and Tesla’s stock fell 8.8% shortly after the NYT interview， amid suspicions of Musk’s poor mental health.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。如今人们工作时间越来越长，作者认为长时间工作有很大危害。
5.What’s the second paragraph mainly about？（　　）
A.The value of working.
B.The purpose of working.
C.The necessity of working long.
D.The importance of working hard.
解析：A　段落大意题。根据第二段可知，本段主要阐述了工作的价值。
6.What’s the author’s purpose of giving the example of Elon Musk？（　　）
A.To prove CEOs work harder.
B.To show CEOs are very busy.
C.To show working long is common.
D.To prove working long is rewarding.
解析：C　推理判断题。第三段先指出全球有4亿多人每周工作49小时以上，接下来第四段又以Elon Musk为例，说明超时工作很常见。
7.What does the author think of working long hours？（　　）
A.It’s valuable.　　B.It’s harmful.
C.It’s necessary.　　D.It’s understandable.
解析：B　细节理解题。根据倒数第二段可知，作者认为长时间工作不利于完成更多的任务，这样做会付出很高的代价。
8.How did the investors probably feel when they watched Elon Musk’s interview？（　　）
A.Very satisfied.　　B.Very confused.
C.A little surprised.　　D.A little disappointed.
解析：D　推理判断题。根据最后一段可知，纽约时报采访Elon Musk的消息公布后，Tesla公司的股票下降了8.8%。由此推知，投资者可能感觉有点失望。
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
　　（2024·济宁高一下月考）Loneliness is commonly used to describe a negative emotional state.9.（　　） It is the pain we have felt following a break-up， perhaps the loss of a loved one， or a move away from home.
　　The unpleasant feelings of loneliness are subjective； researchers have found loneliness is not about the amount of time one spends with other people or alone.10.（　　） A lonely person feels that he or she is not understood by others， and may not think they hold meaningful relationships.
　　For some people， loneliness may be temporary and easily relieved.For others， loneliness cannot be easily resolved and can persist （持续） when one does not have access to people to connect with.
　　11.（　　） This makes it little different from hunger， thirst or physical pain， which signals the need to eat， drink or seek medical attention.
　　In modern societies， however， turning off the alarm signals for loneliness has become more difficult than satisfying hunger， thirst or the need to see the doctor.12.（　　）
　　Loneliness has largely been ignored as a condition of concern in mental health.Researchers have yet to fully understand the extent of how loneliness affects mental health.Most studies of loneliness and mental health have focused only on how loneliness relates to depression.
　　13.（　　） Loneliness refers specifically to negative feelings about the social world， while depression refers to a more general set of negative feelings.In a study that measured loneliness in older adults over a five-year period， loneliness predicted depression， but the reverse was not true.
A.Some people like to be alone.
B.They find it difficult to deal with loneliness.
C.Loneliness can be seen as a signal to connect with others.
D.Almost all of us have experienced loneliness at some point.
E.It is related more to quality of relationships， rather than quantity.
F.Although loneliness and depression are partly related， they are different.
G.For those who are not surrounded by people who care for them， loneliness can persist.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。人人都会有孤独的时候，孤独可能会影响我们的心理健康。
9.D　第一段是对孤独的概括性论述，D项说明孤独在我们生活中的普遍性，符合语境。
10.E　上句指出孤独并不在于我们与他人相处或独处时间的长短，而E项是对此意的进一步阐释。
11.C　本段说明孤独就像饥饿、口渴或疼痛一样，都是身体发出的一种信号。下文的signal一词暗示C项符合语境。
12.G　上文指出在现代社会人们所面临的孤独问题变得更难解决，而G项也说明了解决孤独的困难。
13.F　下文介绍了孤独和抑郁之间的区别，因此F项符合语境。
Ⅲ.完形填空
　　（2024·山西五校高一下联考）Trustworthiness means honesty， not cheating others， and meaning what one says.Many stories about honesty have been 　14　 from ancient China.
　　Zengzi， also called Zeng Shen， is 　15　 as one of the most well-known philosophers in China.Early one morning， Zengzi’s wife started out for the 　16　.Her small son， not wishing to be left behind， ran after her， crying.She tried to 　17　 to him that he was too young and the distance too long for him to 　18　 her to the market.She said，“If you wait for me at home， I will slaughter （屠宰） a pig and make a nice 　19　 of pork for you.” The child， hearing this， 　20　 his tears into a smile and went back to the house.
　　When Zengzi’s wife got back home she showed no 　21　 for a long time of slaughtering a pig.And so， Zengzi himself 　22　 to do so， when his wife rushed over to stop him， saying，“You shouldn’t take my word 　23　 — I only said that to quieten the child.”
　　Zengzi said， “It was 　24　 of you to behave like this.You must keep your word； even a little child must not be deceived.Children are like 　25　 sheets of paper and they learn everything from their 　26　 actions.Because you have deceived the boy， in the future he will deceive others.”
　　Hearing her husband’s explanation， Zengzi’s wife 　27　 having deceived the child， and she 　28　 Zengzi in slaughtering the pig， and then cooked a steaming dish of fragrant pork for the child.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。曾子是我国春秋末年思想家、儒家学派的代表人物之一。文章主要讲述了他说服妻子信守诺言、为孩子杀猪的故事。
14.A.set down　　 B.passed down
C.taken up　　 D.looked over
解析：B　许多关于诚实的故事从中国古代被流传下来。pass sth down将某物从一代传给下一代。
15.A.confirmed　　 B.advocated
C.regarded　　 D.imagined
解析：C　曾子，又名曾参，被认为是中国最著名的哲学家之一。regard ...as ...是固定短语，意为“把……看作……”。
16.A.market　　 B.restaurant
C.hotel　　 D.village
解析：A　根据下文可知，曾子的妻子要去市场。
17.A.suggest　　 B.explain
C.propose　　 D.instruct
解析：B　由于孩子哭闹，曾子的妻子努力跟他解释。
18.A.protect　　 B.imitate
C.support　　 D.accompany
解析：D　曾子的妻子跟孩子说市场太远，他不能陪她去。
19.A.dish　　 B.feast
C.part　　 D.offer
解析：A　曾子的妻子给孩子承诺：“如果你在家等我，我会宰一头猪，给你做一盘美味的猪肉。”dish这里指“一碟食物； 一道菜”。
20.A.changed　　 B.controlled
C.replaced　　 D.removed
解析：A　孩子听了母亲的话，立刻泪水变作欢笑。
21.A.hope　　 B.chance
C.sign　　 D.scene
解析：C　曾子的妻子回到家后，很长一段时间没有任何宰杀猪的迹象。
22.A.demanded　　 B.prepared
C.attempted　　 D.requested
解析：B　看到妻子没有任何反应，曾子准备自己动手去杀猪。
23.A.carefully　　 B.officially
C.naturally　　 D.seriously
解析：D　妻子对曾子说：“你不用把我前面说的话太当真。” take ...seriously表示“认真对待”。
24.A.strange　　 B.wrong
C.typical　　 D.interesting
解析：B　根据下文可知，曾子在指责妻子的做法不对，应该对孩子言而有信。
25.A.precious　 B.simple
C.familiar　　 D.blank
解析：D　曾子认为，孩子们就像一张张白纸，他们从父母的行为中学到一切。blank空白的。
26.A.parents’　　 B.teachers’
C.friends’　　 D.brothers’
解析：A　根据语境可知，这里是在强调父母的言行对孩子的重要影响。
27.A.avoided　　 B.prevented
C.regretted　　 D.imagined
解析：C　听了曾子的话后，妻子对自己前面欺骗孩子的行为感到后悔。
28.A.agreed　　 B.joined
C.predicted　　 D.reached
解析：B　然后妻子跟曾子一起去杀猪，为孩子做美味佳肴。
Ⅳ.语法填空
　　（2024·郑州高一下期末）As man has a moral nature， to adhere to moral principles should be everyone’ s first 29.　　 （consider）.Moral principles are more important than all other things， including position， wealth， even life.Confucius said，“Wealth and high position 30.　　 （desire） by all men， but I would not have them if they were not won in the right way.Poverty and low position are hated by all men， 31.　　 I would not leave them if they could not be rid of in the right way.”
　　Confucius gave very clear explanations to the meaning of humanity： It means to love other men， to help others to stand up， and not to impose （强加） on others 32.　　 they do not desire themselves.
　　Confucius himself loved other men.At that time when social classes 33.　　 （be） distinct， he accepted as students people 34.　　 all levels of society and taught all of them.In 35.　　 （teach） his students， Confucius was in fact helping them to stand up （succeed） and understand things （the truth）.
　　In connection with humanity， Confucius mentioned many other 36.　　 （virtue）， such as rightness， propriety， wisdom， trustworthiness， loyalty， forbearance， filial piety and brotherly love.He called a man 37.　　 had virtues a gentleman and a man who was not virtuous a mean man.A virtuous man is always open and sincere， ready to help other men， free from worries and fears， and at peace with 38.　　 （he） and the world.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章简要介绍了我国伟大圣人孔子眼里的道德观。
29.consideration　本空前面的everyone’s first暗示这里应用名词。
30.are desired　本句主语为Wealth and high position，表示复数概念，且陈述一个客观事实，应用一般现在时。故填are desired。
31.but　此处孔子的原句为：“富与贵，是人之所欲也；不以其道得之，不处也。贫与贱，是人之所恶也；不以其道得之，不去也。”由于前后两个分句表达转折关系，因此用连词but。
32.what　本空前面有动词impose，因此这里应用连接代词what引导一个宾语从句。这里表示“己所不欲，勿施于人”。
33.were　本句主语为social classes，表示复数概念，另外在陈述过去的情况，故填were。
34.from　这里表示孔子接受来自社会各阶层的学生。from all levels of society来自社会各个阶层。
35.teaching　本空前面有介词In，因此这里应用动词-ing形式作其宾语。
36.virtues　本空后面列举了各种优点和美德，因此用名词的复数形式。
37.who/that　本空前面的man是先行词，因此这里应用关系代词who/that引导定语从句。
38.himself　本句主语为A virtuous man，这里表示一个君子经常会与自己和平相处，也就是获得内心的平静与安宁。
20 / 20单元素养提升
◇本单元语法学了什么内容？ 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 ◇自我评价 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
◇本单元写作练了哪个方面？ 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
一、 核心单词写对
1.　moral　 adj.道德的；道义上的
n.品行；道德；寓意
2.　fee　 n.专业服务费；报酬
3.　hire　 vt.聘任；雇用；租用n.租借；租用
4.　physician　 n.医师；（尤指）内科医生
5.　clinic　 n.诊所；门诊部
6.　elsewhere　 adv.在别处；去别处
7.　tend　 vt.照顾；照料vi.倾向；趋于
8.　publish　 vt.发表（作品）；出版
9.　staff　 n.员工；全体职员
10.　saving　 n.节省物；节省；节约；[pl.] 储蓄金；存款
11.　kindergarten　 n.学前班；幼儿园
12.　principle　 n.道德原则；法则；原则
13.　passive　 adj.被动的；顺从的
14.　insurance　 n.保险；保险业
15.　replace　 vt.接替；取代；更换
16.　whisper　 vi.& vt.悄声说；耳语；低语
n.耳语（声）；低语（声）；传言；谣传
17.　midnight　 n.子夜；午夜
18.　bite　 vt.& vi.咬；叮；蜇
n.咬；（咬下的）一口；咬伤
19.　chain　 n.一连串（人或事）；链子；链条
20.　disguise　 vt.装扮；假扮；掩盖n.伪装；化装用具
21.　tear　 n.眼泪；泪水
22.　court　 n.（网球等的）球场；法院；法庭
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1.Almost all of my classmates voted for me to be the class speaker， and I got a $3，000 college 　scholarship　 （奖学金）.
2.In the last several 　decades　 （十年）， our Earth has been severely polluted.
3.I hold the strong belief that I will get my 　income　 （收入） improved through my great efforts.
4.We expect you to provide some 　precious　 （宝贵的）suggestions on English learning for our students.
5.As is known to all， it’s a 　virtue　 （美德） to give a hand to those in need， especially in such a competitive and stressful society.
6.　Therefore　 （因此）， students should spare more time for English reading rather than watching movies or listening to music too much.
7.He only gave an embarrassed smile when I 　spilled　 （洒出） the water onto him.
8.In spite of many dilemmas， I have never fallen into 　despair　 （绝望）.
9.He came from a poor family in a faraway　 mountain village.
10.To her disappointment， she was rejected　 by all the universities she had applied to.
11.My brother is proud to be elected chairman　 of the student union.
12.The time we spent together is now a distant memory　.
二、拓展词汇用活
1.　complain　 vi.& vt.抱怨；发牢骚→complaint n.抱怨；牢骚
2.　elect　 vt.选举；推选→election n.选举；推选；当选→elective adj.选举的；选修的
3.　retire　 vi.& vt.退休；退职；退出→retirement n.退休；退职
4.　sharp　 adj.（增长、下跌等）急剧的；锋利的；明显的→sharpen v.（使）变得锋利；（使）提高→sharply adv.急剧地
5.　operation　 n.手术；企业；经营→operate vt.& vi.动手术；经营；操作→operator n.操作员；经营者；话务员
6.　export　 n.出口；出口商品 vt.出口；输出；传播→import n.进口；进口商品 vt.进口；输入；引进
7.　assist　 vt.帮助；援助→assistance n.帮助；援助→assistant n.助手；助理
8.　tension　 n.紧张关系；紧张；焦虑→tense adj.紧张的；焦虑的
Ⅱ.用所给词的适当形式填空
1.It is the common knowledge that smoking is 　harmful　 （harm） to our health.
2.①True 　marriage　 （marry） requires a couple to show trust and faith in each other.
②They fell in love at first sight， and three months later， they got 　married　 （marry）.
3.I looked in her face for some 　response　 （respond）， but she just stared at me blankly.
4.He knew I was 　energetic　 （energy） and dynamic and would get things done.
5.One of the 　major　 problems is that a 　majority　 of the graduates who 　major　 in English find it difficult to find a good job.（majority）
6.Mary had promised to wait at the shopping center， but she failed to keep the 　appointment　 （appoint）， so I was very angry.
三、重点短语用准
1.　carry sb through sth　 　帮助某人渡过难关
2.　tend to do sth　　　易于做某事；往往会发生某事
3.　entrust sb with sth　　　把某物/事托付给某人
4.　play a key role　　　起关键作用；充当重要角色
5.　be responsible for　　　对……负责
6.　first aid　　　急救
7.　pass away　　　去世
8.　in memory of　　　作为对……的纪念
9.　trip over　　　被……绊倒
10.　in tears　　　流着泪；含着泪
11.　in despair　　　处于绝望中
12.　a great deal （of）　　　大量
Ⅲ.选用上面短语并用其适当形式填空
1.The last act was so touching that all the audience were 　in tears　.
2.She set up an educational fund 　in memory of　 her mother.
3.After repeated failure， she gave up the attempt 　in despair　.
4.The old man 　tripped over　 a stone in the middle of the road and got injured.
5.After all， we 　tend to do　 what we like doing and what we take delight in.
6.It took him quite a while to be used to living alone after his parents 　passed away　.
四、经典句式写美
1.句型公式：“否定词＋形容词/副词比较级＋than ...”表示最高级含义
教材原句：To a person nothing is more precious than their life， and if they entrust me with that life， how could I refuse that trust， saying I’m cold， hungry， or tired？
2.句型公式：see＋宾语＋主语补足语
教材原句：At times she was even seen riding a donkey to faraway villages to provide medical care.
3.句型公式：独立主格结构
教材原句：After a while， a group of women came along， each balancing a pot of water on her head.
4.句型公式：neither ...nor ...既不……，也不……
教材原句：Neither she nor her friends thought about moving the stone out of the road.
Ⅳ.完成句子
1.There is no doubt that 　nothing is more important than health　.
毫无疑问，没有什么比健康更重要。
2.Tom was criticized by the teacher because 　he was seen cheating in the exam　.
由于汤姆被发现考试作弊，因此被老师批评了。
3.All the students entered the classroom， 　each carrying a book in his or her hand　.
所有的学生都走进教室，每个人手里拿着一本书。
4.What Tu Youyou went after was 　neither fame nor wealth　.
屠呦呦所追求的既非名也非利。
3 / 3Section Ⅳ　Listening and Talking & Reading for Writing
Part Ⅰ　Talk about the importance of kindness
　　　　　　　　　　　　　听说课前清障 ——排除疑难，胸有成竹
Ⅰ.话题词汇
1.be willing to help others　 　　乐于助人
2.be generous　　慷慨大方
3.offer to take on responsibility　　主动承担责任
4.devote oneself to serving the people　　致力于为人民服务
5.hard-working and kind　　勤劳善良
6.look after the old　　照顾老人
7.love our homeland　　热爱我们的祖国
8.be honest and friendly　　诚实友好
9.serve as a volunteer　　担任志愿者
10.respect our parents and teachers　　尊重我们的父母和老师
Ⅱ.话题句式
1.I feel greatly honoured to be devoted to serving the people.能致力于为人民服务我感到很荣幸。
2.It’s our duty to love and protect our homeland.
热爱并保护我们的祖国是我们的责任。
3.We are supposed to respect our parents and teachers.
我们应该尊重我们的父母和老师。
4.Being honest and friendly is of great importance to us students.
诚实友好对于我们学生来说很重要。
5.Acts of kindness have the power to brighten someone’s day， make them feel valued and appreciated， and restore their faith in humanity.
善意的行为能照亮别人的一天，让他们感到被重视和欣赏，并恢复他们对人性的信心。
6.I believe a small act of kindness can make a big difference.
我相信一个小小的善举可以产生重大的影响。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　话题表达实战 ——聚焦主题，定向突破
　　情境：在日常生活中，我们应该感恩，有一颗善良的心。
　　Gratitude is not only an art performed in our daily lives， but also 1.　（a） part of our traditional virtue　 （我们传统美德的一部分）.Gratitude is important because it brings countless benefits to our physical， mental， and emotional wellbeing while enhancing our relationships and fostering a positive outlook on life.
　　Ungrateful persons are always blaming the world for the problems and owing all the faults to others.If you want to be grateful， 2.　stop complaining about the world　 （停止抱怨世界）， your teachers， your friends and your family not putting themselves in your shoes， and 3.　focus on how much they’ve helped and cared about you　 （关注他们对你的帮助和关心）.In our daily lives， we should be willing to help others and have a kind heart.In our study， we should 4.　be energetic and hard-working　 （充满活力，刻苦努力）.
1 / 1Section Ⅰ　Listening and Speaking
　　　　　　　　　　　　　话题听力提能 ——捕捉信息，精准判断
听下面4段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第1段材料，回答第1至3题。
1.What happened to the man？（　　）
A.He spent one month in the hospital.
B.A car accident happened to him.
C.He had to be hospitalized because of an illness.
2.What does the man want to do？（　　）
A.Offer help.
B.Borrow notes.
C.Study in the library.
3.Where do the speakers decide to go first？（　　）
A.The library.
B.The man’s house.
C.A restaurant.
听第2段材料，回答第4至6题。
4.What might the woman be？（　　）
A.A ticket seller.
B.A receptionist.
C.A travel agent.
5.When will Mr White fly to Australia？（　　）
A.26 July.　　　　　B.27 July.　　　　　C.2 August.
6.How many nights will Mr White stay in Australia？（　　）
A.Five.　　B.Six.　　C.Seven.
听第3段材料，回答第7至9题。
7.What does the man ask the woman to do？（　　）
A.See a doctor.
B.Tell him the truth.
C.Go jogging with him.
8.What mistake did the woman make？（　　）
A.Sending the wrong goods to the customer.
B.Forgetting to fill in the address.
C.Losing the package.
9.What’s the man’s suggestion for the woman？（　　）
A.Trying to make up the lost.
B.Making an apology first.
C.Being careful in future.
听第4段材料，回答第10至12题。
10.What did Aaron like doing on the open land？（　　）
A.Exploring nature.
B.Catching birds.
C.Doing homework.
11.What did Aaron do to save the land？（　　）
A.He talked to government officials.
B.He asked his teachers for advice.
C.He wrote to TV journalists.
12.What does the speaker think of Aaron？（　　）
A.He’s brave.　　B.He’s stubborn.　　C.He’s creative.
答案：1－5　CBACB　6－10　BBACA
11－12　CA
听力原文：
（Text 1）
M：Hi， Emma.How is it going？
W：Everything’s fine.How about you？
M：I’m good.Thanks for asking.Can I ask you a favour？
W：Sure， what can I do for you？
M：You know I had a two-week stay in the hospital.I missed a couple of classes.
W：Yeah.It’s good to see you fully recover from an illness.
M：I was wondering if you’d be willing to lend me your economics notes.
W：I got you， David.I can give you my notes.
M：Thank you， Emma.You saved the day.
W：No problem.Actually， I can also help you study today.
M：That would be great.Well， it’s nearly eleven thirty.How about going to my place to have lunch together？ Then we can stay in my study.
W：Sounds good.But I need to go to the library first to get my books.
M：Okay.Let’s go.
（Text 2）
W：Good morning， sir.How can I help you？
M：Well， I have some time off from work next month.And I was thinking of going to Australia.
W：That sounds great.How long is your vacation？
M：Just one week.26 July is my last day at work.
W：OK.Here is a Sydney brochure.Have a look and see if there’s a hotel that you like.
M：Oh， the Four Seasons Hotel is good.
W：Yes， it’s a very high-class hotel.I’m sure you’ll enjoy your stay there.So， would you like me to make the booking now， sir？
M：Hmm ...Yes， please.
W：I just need to take some personal information.What’s your full name and telephone number？
M：Martin Andrew White.And the number is 026249734.
W：Do you plan to travel alone， Mr White？
M：Yes， just me.
W：OK.You’ll finish work on Friday the 26th.Shall I try to book your flight for the next morning？ And then you’ll reach at noon on the first day.
M：Yes， great.And a return flight on 2 August， please.
（Text 3）
M：You look upset.What’s wrong with you？
W：Yes， I’m unwell today.
M：Please don’t lie to me.You told me that you went jogging this morning， didn’t you？ Please be honest to me.Who knows I can help you.
W：Actually Mr Scott got angry with me just now.
M：Why did he get angry with you？
W：I have done a big mistake.
M：What’s that？
W：I have sent the wrong goods to the customer so that we lost millions of dollars.
M：How come？ You’re really careless！ You should be more careful in doing things.
W：I made a mistake in putting the address on the package.I didn’t do it intentionally.I feel guilty， and I have apologised.
M：Yes， I know it.But it’s useless to regret.Don’t make any mistakes again.
W：Alright， I think you are right.I promise I won’t do it again.
（Text 4）
　　W：Aaron， a 12-year-old boy， loved playing on the open land near his home.The land was wet and forested， and made a home for animals and many different plants.It made the perfect place for him to get to know and study nature.All of a sudden， it was announced that the empty land would be improved by building a very large complex of apartments on it.The plants would be removed， and the animals would escape and most probably die.When Aaron heard the news， he was not happy.He was worried that polluted water would run from the apartments into the ponds.From the ponds， water would run into the water supply that served the people of that area.
　　Aaron wrote down clearly all the research he had done about the area， and how the apartment block would affect the local environment.He sent letters to members of government and television reporters.Finally， Aaron prevented the apartments from being built， and thus helped save his environment.The land remained a safe place for animals and plants.
　　Although Aaron was only 12， he had the courage and wisdom of a person much older.Aaron’s teachers described him as gentle， shy and motivated.
　　　　　　　　　　　　　话题表达实战 ——聚焦主题，定向突破
　　情境：英语课上，老师鼓励学生们探讨优秀的传统美德，同学们踊跃发言。
　　阅读并根据提示完成下面对话。
Teacher：As we all know， 1.　we Chinese have many traditional virtues　 （我们中国人有很多传统美德）.Next， I want to find some students to tell us something about our virtues.Li Hua， please！
Li Hua：Thanks， Ms Liu.2.　I think one of the most important virtues is honesty　 （我认为最重要的美德之一是诚信）.Honesty is the base of the society.
Teacher：Very good.Wang Lei， do you have anything to say？
Wang Lei：Yes， Ms Liu.In my opinion， diligence is more important， 3.　because we Chinese are famous for being diligent and hard-working　 （因为我们中国人因勤奋努力而著称）.
Teacher：Good！ Anyone else？
Han Meimei：Ms Liu， 4.　I think kindness is of great importance to our society　 （我认为友善对我们的社会很重要）.
moral adj.道德的；道义上的 n.品行；道德；寓意
【教材原句】　In this unit， you will listen to discussions about moral dilemmas and the power of kindness and talk about the virtues that we cherish.在本单元中，你会听关于道德困境和善良力量的讨论，并谈论我们所珍视的美德。
【用法】
（1）It’s moral to do ...　做……是合乎道德的 （2）morally adv.　　道德上 immoral adj.　　不道德的
【佳句】　The moral of the fable “The Tortoise and the Hare” is that only by persisting in whatever we are doing can we succeed.寓言“龟兔赛跑”的寓意是：无论做什么，只有坚持不懈，我们才能成功。
【练透】　单句语法填空
①Anything that is 　morally　 （moral） wrong is ultimately bad for individuals and the company.
【写美】　完成句子
②　Faced with moral dilemmas　， instead of standing by， we should give a hand.
面对道德困境，我们应该伸出援手，而不是袖手旁观。
dilemma n.进退两难的境地；困境
【用法】
moral dilemma　　　 　道德困境 get out of a dilemma　　摆脱困境 put sb into a dilemma　　使某人陷入困境 in a dilemma　　处于困境中
【佳句】　①Many women are faced with the dilemma of choosing between work and family commitments.
许多女性面临着在工作和家庭之间选择的两难境地。
②We now face an embarrassing dilemma： Should we stay or go？我们现在面临着一个尴尬的困境：我们应该留下还是离开？
【练透】　单句语法填空
①When faced with 　a　 dilemma， we should think twice and make a right choice.
②She was 　in　 a dilemma， wondering what to do next.
【写美】　完成句子
③I am grateful that you helped me 　get out of the dilemma　 I was in.
我很感激你帮助我摆脱了进退两难的境地。
④　The sudden rain put the organizers into a dilemma　 about whether to continue or cancel the event.突如其来的雨使组织者陷入了继续还是取消活动的两难境地。
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
（2024·沧州十校高一下月考）The ancient Chinese thinker Confucius regarded benevolence （仁） as the underpinning of morality and as the basis of all the virtues.There is a story in The History of the Three Kingdoms which can help us understand the concept of benevolence.
　　The story goes that Cao Cao led a large army south to attack Jingzhou.At that time the military commander of Jingzhou， Liu Biao， had recently died of illness， and his second son， Liu Cong， had succeeded to his position.At the urging of his followers who wished to surrender the city， Liu Cong was preparing to capitulate （投降） to Cao Cao.Liu Bei had reached the city of Xiangyang， where the master strategist Zhuge Liang advised him to attack his ally Liu Cong.Zhuge Liang said that Liu Cong had already surrendered， and was about to deliver Jingzhou to Cao Cao.So it would be better if Jingzhou fell into their hands than into Cao Cao’s.“This is the very moment，” he said， “to attack Liu Cong.” But when Liu Bei remembered how Liu Cong’s father had once protected him， he could not attack Liu Cong.He told Zhuge Liang，“No， I have not the heart to do it.”
　　This is an example of benevolence.
　　This story gives us a glimpse of how Liu Bei used benevolence as his method of government.Liu Bei can be said to be a gentleman with the virtue of benevolence.In this， he stands in sharp contrast to Cao Cao.Liu Bei’s image of benevolence and righteousness won more of the people’s hearts for him.He gained the support of all the people and officials， which made him an outstanding figure in Chinese history.Benevolence is the first of the fine traditional virtues of the Chinese race.This spirit clearly demonstrates the kindheartedness and friendliness of the Chinese people.Everybody supports people of benevolence and love for others.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。三国时期，当荆州面临危险之际，刘备拒绝诸葛亮攻打荆州的建议，表现了刘备仁义的一面。
1.What does the underlined phrase “succeeded to” in Paragraph 2 probably mean？（　　）
A.Gave out.　　 B.Took over.
C.Turned down.　　 D.Put forward.
解析：B　词义猜测题。根据第二段可知，当时刘表去世，其子刘琮应该是继承或接管了其职位。
2.What did Zhuge Liang advise Liu Bei to do？（　　）
A.To occupy Jingzhou.　　 B.To give up Xiangyang.
C.To capitulate to Cao Cao.　　D.To attack Cao Cao with Liu Cong.
解析：A　细节理解题。根据第二段可知，由于当时刘琮打算投降曹操，诸葛亮建议刘备攻打荆州。诸葛亮的想法是：与其让荆州落入曹操之手，还不如刘备一方占领荆州。
3.How did Zhuge Liang probably feel about Liu Bei’s decision？（　　）
A.Satisfied.　　B.Surprised.
C.Confused.　　D.Disappointed.
解析：D　推理判断题。根据第二段可知，由于刘备念及荆州旧主刘表旧恩，没有听从诸葛亮攻打荆州的建议。由此可以判断，诸葛亮肯定很失望。
4.What’s the purpose of the last paragraph？（　　）
A.To make a summary.　　B.To offer a suggestion.
C.To add a supplement.　　D.To provide an example.
解析：A　推理判断题。根据最后一段可知，本段主要是对上文故事进行总结，说明刘备受到后世好评的原因以及“仁义”在中国文化中的重要意义。
B
　　（2024·南京高一下质检）Dwayne Johnson said this week he returned to a 7-Eleven in Hawaii to “right the wrong” of stealing candy when he was a teenager.
　　In an Instagram post， the star explained that his family was “broke as hell” when he was living on the island and， for nearly a year when he was 14， he would steal a Snickers （士力架） bar from the store on the way to the gym “every day” as his pre-workout snack because he couldn’t afford to buy one.
　　He recalled that “the same clerk was there every day and always just turned her head and never searched me”， but admitted that his actions had been weighing on his conscience （良心） for three decades.
　　Johnson documented the recent visit to the store， in which he emptied the shelves of every Snickers bar， bought them and then left the candy bars for any customers to take for free.
　　“If somebody looks like they’re stealing Snickers， give them these so they don’t steal it，” Johnson told the store clerk.
　　He wrote that he realised the deed might seem “silly”， but every time he would come back home to Hawaii and drive by 7-Eleven， he always knew he “needed to go in and clean out every Snickers bar they had — the right way”.
　　Johnson racked up a bill of 298 and also tipped the clerk who had to count the dozens of bars he bought and another cashier who was working at the time.The former wrestling star even posed for selfies with fans while trying to film the visit.
　　Yes， we can’t change the past and some of the dumb stuff we may have done， but every once in a while we can do something to make up for that fault — and maybe put a big smile on some stranger’s faces.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。Dwayne Johnson 14岁时曾经偷过便利店的士力架巧克力，如今已成为明星的他为了表示对过去错误的忏悔，去该便利店花298美元买下该店所有的士力架巧克力供有需要的顾客免费拿走。
5.How did Dwayne Johnson feel about what he did at the age of 14？（　　）
A.Guilty.　　B.Worried.
C.Nervous.　　D.Confused.
解析：A　细节理解题。根据第三段可知，30年来，Dwayne Johnson对他青少年时偷士力架巧克力的行为一直受到良心的谴责。
6.Why did Dwayne Johnson spend $298 on Snickers bars？（　　）
A.To thank the store clerk.
B.To realise his childhood dream.
C.To show he was wealthy enough.
D.To make up for his past behaviour.
解析：D　推理判断题。根据上下文可知，Dwayne Johnson这么做是为了对过去自己所犯的错误表示弥补和忏悔。
7.What can we learn about Dwayne Johnson？（　　）
A.He was born into a rich family.
B.He was lazy when he was young.
C.He was responsible for his behaviour.
D.He was helped by the clerk in the past.
解析：C　推理判断题。根据最后一段可知，Dwayne Johnson指出，我们虽然无法改变过去，但是总是可以做一些事来对过去的错误做出弥补和补偿。由此可知，他是一个对自己行为负责的人。
8.What does the author want to tell us by sharing Dwayne Johnson’s story？（　　）
A.Honesty is the best policy.
B.It’s never too late to mend.
C.What’s done cannot be undone.
D.Actions speak louder than words.
解析：B　主旨大意题。综合全文尤其是最后一段可知，作者分享Dwayne Johnson的故事，主要想告诉我们弥补过失和改正错误的重要性，即使这种弥补和改正来得晚一些。
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
　　（2024·重庆高一下月考）Do you want to speak fluent English？ We would simply advice you to think of the word CEK which stands for Change Attitude， Expose Yourself and Keep Talking.
　　Change Attitude： From our experience， this is the most common problem for anyone who wants to learn English.The point is that you should realise that your goal is to communicate with people in English.
　　9.（　　） Well， if you want to be， please skip this article immediately.So do not worry about 100% correct grammar.
　　It is acceptable for the beginner to say “he don’t know” instead of “he doesn’t know” as long as the listener understands what you are trying to communicate.10.（　　）
　　Expose Yourself： This step means to expose yourself to English environment.Of course， it is better if you could come to US or UK to study or learn English.11.（　　）
　　This is twenty-first century and English is already everywhere.Movies， music， newspapers， articles and hundreds of tourists who walk past you every day can be great learning sources.12.（　　）
　　Keep Talking： Whenever you have a chance to talk or to test your skills， just do it.As the saying goes，“Practice makes perfect.” 13.（　　）
　　Do not worry about making mistakes.Everyone makes mistakes， Tiger Woods， David Beckham， Madonna， etc.Who are you？ Come on.Let’s go out and create your own world of English.
A.Speaking is the most difficult part.
B.But I would say that you don’t have to.
C.Nothing is more important than hard work.
D.You can even assume situations and talk to yourself.
E.Just make the best of every opportunity to learn English.
F.You do not want to be an English professor or a professional translator.
G.At least it is less annoying for them to wait for you 1 minute to produce each perfect sentence.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要就如何练习英语口语提出了三条建议。
9.F　上文强调学英语的目的是交际，下文的if you want to be暗示F项符合语境。
10.G　上文说用英文交际时犯一些语法错误没关系，这里G项是对上文意思的延续和补充，符合语境。
11.B　上文说去英美国家学英语当然很好，下文又说21世纪处处都能学英语，故B项符合语境。
12.E　上文说处处都有学英语的资源，我们自然要好好利用这些机会，故E项符合语境。
13.D　本部分强调坚持说英语的重要性，有机会要说，没有机会要创造机会——想象语言环境并自言自语，故D项符合语境。
8 / 8单元质量检测（二）　MORALS AND VIRTUES
（满分150分，时间120分钟）
第一部分　听力（共两节，满分30分）
第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1.What happened to the man？（　　）
A.He was locked out.
B.He missed the train.
C.He lost his keys.
2.Where are the speakers？（　　）
A.At a gym.
B.At a restaurant.
C.At a cinema.
3.What does the woman dislike about her trip？（　　）
A.The weather.　B.The traffic.　C.The scenery.
4.When will the conference begin？（　　）
A.At 7：30.　　B.At 8：30.　　C.At 9：00.
5.What are the speakers talking about？（　　）
A.A job position.
B.A fellow worker.
C.A new office.
第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）
　　听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
6.How long does it take to get to Washington by train？（　　）
A.An hour.
B.One and a half hours.
C.Two hours.
7.How much is the ticket to Washington？（　　）
A.$30.　　B.$40.　　C.$45.
听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。
8.What seems to be the man’s problem？（　　）
A.He doesn’t sleep well.
B.He has no more pills.
C.He can’t focus properly.
9.What is the man advised to do？（　　）
A.Stay home from work.
B.Have a check-up.
C.Stop feeling anxious.
听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。
10.Who reached the top of Mount Qomolangma？（　　）
A.Ellen.　　B.Jonathan.　　C.Heather.
11.How long did the man spend on his adventure travel？（　　）
A.96 days.　　B.Four months.　　C.One year.
12.What does the woman think about doing in the future？（　　）
A.Walking through a national park.
B.Cycling along a country road.
C.Camping out in the mountains.
听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。
13.What is Julian doing？（　　）
A.Planning her budget.
B.Conducting an interview.
C.Giving advice on studies.
14.Which costs Matt most each month？（　　）
A.Food.　　B.Clothes.　　C.Books.
15.How much does Matt spend on sports a month？（　　）
A.About 15.　　B.About 30.　　C.About 50.
16.What is the probable relationship between the speakers？（　　）
A.Strangers.　　B.Schoolmates.　　C.Co-workers.
听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。
17.What was the previous world basketball marathon record？（　　）
A.84 hours.　　B.90 hours.　　C.96 hours.
18.When did those players begin their basketball marathon？（　　）
A.9：00 in the morning.
B.2：00 in the afternoon.
C.6：00 in the evening.
19.What happened to those players on the first night？（　　）
A.They had mental illness.
B.They could hardly fall asleep.
C.They suffered from much pain.
20.How did those players look in the last few minutes？（　　）
A.Energetic.　　B.Upset.　　C.Tired.
答案：1－5　ACBCB　6－10　BAACA
11－15　BABAC　　16－20　BACBA
听力原文：
（Text 1）
M：Know what？ I couldn’t get back into my apartment， and had to stay at a hotel last night.
W：How did that happen？ Did you lose your keys？
M：No， I left them in the apartment.And my wife was on a business trip.
（Text 2）
M：Wow， so many choices， and so many people.So， what kind of film do you want to see？
W：It’s up to you.But nothing too violent， please.
（Text 3）
M：How was your trip to London？
W：It was fantastic. I visited a lot of places： museums and royal palaces.And the weather was fine.Horrible traffic， though.
（Text 4）
W：How much time do we have before the conference？ We don’t have to hurry， do we？
M：Don’t worry.It’s 7：30 now. We still have an hour and a half.It takes only thirty minutes to get there.
（Text 5）
M：Hey！ Did you see Ann in the office this morning？
W：Yes， but why did she have such a long face？
M：I’m not sure.I heard she failed to get promoted.
（Text 6）
W：What time is the next train to Washington？
M：That’s 9：15 on track 14.
W：When does it get there？
M：It’s scheduled to arrive at 10：45.
W：How much is the ticket for it？
M：It’s $30.
（Text 7）
M：What about the problems I’ve been having？
W：Not serious.Take some medicine and you will get a better night’s sleep.
M：Thank you.How should I take the medicine？
W：Take one pill about thirty minutes before you go to bed.
M：How long should I take them？
W：Thirty days.
M：Is there anything else I can do？
W：Don’t worry so much about things at work.
M：Should I stay home from work？
W：No， it’s not necessary.Just remember to stay calm.
（Text 8）
M：Hey， Heather！ Can I sit here？
W：Yeah， sure， Jonathan.How’s your day？
M：Good.Say， are you planning your summer travels？
W：Well ...not yet.I was just reading a story about this woman， Ellen Wilson， who climbed up Mount Qomolangma.
M：Yeah， I read that， too.A rather extraordinary experience， isn’t it？ 96 days.She is actually a graduate of our college， the class of 2012.
W：Oh， really？ So， Jonathan， what amazing thing have you done？
M：Well ...I just went cycling across South America.
W：You didn’t！
M：I did.Just last year before I entered the graduate school.It was such a brilliant time.Four months on the road enjoying wonderful scenery in the country， in towns and in cities all along the way.I got a bit tired， though.
W：Sounds great！ Hmm ...maybe I should think seriously about my big life adventure， like taking a long walk across a national park.
M：Wow！ Let me know if you need someone to go with you.
（Text 9）
W：Hi， Matt！ May I ask you a few questions？
M：Certainly， Julian！ What do you want to know？
W：I’m doing a study on the spending habits of students in our school.I’m writing a paper for my Social Studies course.
M：That sounds interesting.
W：To begin with， how much money do you get from your parents a month？
M：I get about 500 dollars.
W：How do you spend your money？
M：I spend about 300 dollars on food.You know how I like to eat.
W：Yes.What about the rest of the money？
M：Well， I spend on shows， about 30 dollars a month.Games， er ...for rental of the tennis court and balls， about 50 dollars.I do spend some on things like reading material.And the rest I save.
W：What about clothes？
M：My mother buys them for me.
W：Thanks a lot， Matt！
M：You’re welcome.
（Text 10）
W：A group of 17-year-old schoolboys decided to break the world basketball marathon record.They wanted to play for 90 hours and add 6 hours to the record.Each team had 9 players， with 5 at a time.The boys decided each person would play 21.5 hours and then rest for 2 hours.Then they started at 6 o’clock in the evening.
The first night was very hard for the players.When it was their turn to rest， they were too excited to fall asleep at once.After sleeping for a short time， they had to play again.On the second night， they fell asleep as soon as they stopped.Some of them had trouble with their feet and hands， but the only serious problem was the mental one.Each boy was thinking： Why am I doing this？ How can I play any longer？ After the third night， the players knew they could finish the 90 hours. The basketball on the fourth night was very slow.But in the final hours， the players got better.For the last few minutes， the players looked as fresh as when they started.
第二部分　阅读（共两节，满分50分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
A
（2024·云南三校高一下联考）
MINIBOSS & BIGBOSS SUMMER BUSINESS CAMP
Join us at our award-winning International Summer Business Camp！Together with students from all over the world， you will dive into experiencing life and culture.We’ve served over 9，000 students from 27 countries since 2000！
LOCATION
　　The camp is located 10 miles from Oxford， not far from London and Cambridge.
ACCOMMODATIONS
　　The camp provides full board.You will live in shared rooms in the boarding Thornton High School or Thornton College.Delicious English dishes are prepared by chefs.
AGE GROUPS
　　Miniboss groups： 9－11， 12－15
　　Bigboss groups： 15－18
POWERFUL PROGRAMMES
√Explore Yourself in Business
　　This course provides you with a broad introduction to business， human full potential and self-realization.It equips you with the skills to successfully launch and manage your own business.Most importantly， you will develop the mindset to become a groundbreaking entrepreneur （企业家）.
√Academic Programme
　　Immerse （使沉浸于） yourself in the exciting business world through case studies of world-famous companies.In addition to training， the camp has many recreational activities and sports， which alternate with business games and daily evening reflection.On this course， you will：
　　·Identify how to unlock your full potential and manage your own potential；
　　·Strengthen your problem-solving abilities；
　　·Develop cooperation skills；
　　·Examine how leading entrepreneurs achieve their goals；
　　·Learn to think like an entrepreneur.
语篇解读：本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了英国商业夏令营的相关内容，包括地点、食宿、特色课程等。
21.What do we know about the camp？（　　）
A.It has a history of 27 years.
B.It is backed by Oxford and Cambridge.
C.It is clearly targeted at teenagers.
D.It is open to students of all nationalities.
解析：D　细节理解题。根据第一段可知，夏令营对所有国籍的学生开放。
22.What can campers learn from the Explore Yourself in Business course？（　　）
A.Teamwork spirit.
B.Interpersonal skills.
C.Creative thinking.
D.Problem-solving abilities.
解析：C　细节理解题。根据Explore Yourself in Business内容可知，营员们能从这个课程中学到创造性思维。
23.What can the second programme do？（　　）
A.Combine education with pleasure.
B.Teach campers to set goals.
C.Offer jobs in world-famous companies.
D.Train campers to think like adults.
解析：A　细节理解题。根据Academic Programme中的Immerse （使沉浸于） yourself in the exciting business world ...which alternate with business games and daily evening reflection.可知，这个项目把教育和娱乐结合起来。
B
　　James Carston is a shirt-making company.Set up in the 1920s by James Carston， a Manchester tailor， the company has remained in the family and is now run by James’s grandson， Paul Carston.Employing fewer than 50 people， the company has a reputation for producing high-quality men’s shirts， which it sells by mail order， and has a loyal customer base.As Paul Carston says，“Our customers appreciate the attention to details and the high-quality fabric （织物） we use.” And it’s the fabric they now use that makes the company almost unique in the world of men’s shirt manufacturers.
　　When Paul Carston took over running the company in 1999， he felt that the company fitted in well with his values.The shirts were made from 100 percent cotton， and as Paul says，“It’s a completely natural fibre， so you would think it was environmentally sound.”Then Paul read a magazine article about Fair Trade and cotton producers.He was shocked to read that the cotton industry is a major source of pollution， and that the synthetic fertilisers （合成化肥） used to produce cotton are finding their way into the food chain.
　　Paul takes up the story.“Organic cotton is considerably more expensive than conventionally produced cotton， so I did the sums.I discovered that if we were prepared to take a cut in profits， we would only need to add a couple of pounds to the price of each shirt to cover the extra costs.The big risk， of course， was whether our customers would pay extra for organic cotton.”
　　Paul decided to take the plunge and switch entirely to organic cotton.He wrote to all his customers explaining the reasons for the change.The response was encouraging.Although they lost some of their regular customers， they gained a whole customer base looking for formal shirts made from organic cotton， and the company is going from strength to strength.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。James Carston是一家衬衫制造公司。创始人James Carston的孙子Paul Carston大胆改革，采用有机棉来制作衬衫，结果大获成功。
24.What’s special about the company set up by James Carston？（　　）
A.Its sales methods.
B.Its loyal customers.
C.Its excellent employees.
D.Its production materials.
解析：D　细节理解题。根据第一段可知，使得该衬衫公司与众不同的是它所采取的高质量织物。
25.What did Paul Carston find when he was reading a magazine？（　　）
A.The ways of producing cotton.
B.The synthetic fertilisers are harmful.
C.Producing cotton causes pollution.
D.The secrets of conducting business.
解析：C　细节理解题。根据第二段可知，Paul Carston在读一本杂志时吃惊地发现，棉纺织业对环境造成严重污染。
26.What happened as a result of Paul Carston’s new move？（　　）
A.Sales dropped rapidly.
B.Cheaper cotton was used.
C.The quality of shirts improved.
D.The prices of shirts went down.
解析：C　推理判断题。根据第三段可知，Paul Carston决定放弃传统棉花，今后的产品全部采用有机棉来制造。这样做的结果是产品的成本和价格都上涨，不过产品质量提高了。
27.What does the underlined phrase “take the plunge” in Paragraph 4 probably mean？（　　）
A.Try one’s best.　　　B.Seek one’s fortune.
C.Take an easy step.　　D.Make a risky move.
解析：D　词义猜测题。根据上下文语境可知，Paul Carston决定用有机棉来代替传统棉花，这样做是有很大风险的。
C
　　In 1970， psychologist Walter Mischel famously placed a cookie in front of each of a group of children and gave them a choice： they could eat the cookie immediately， or they could wait until he returned and then be rewarded with a second.If they didn’t wait， however， they’d be allowed to eat only the first one.Not surprisingly， once he left the room， many children ate their cookies almost immediately.A few， though， resisted eating the first cookie long enough to receive the second.Mischel termed these children high-delay children.
　　Interestingly， the children who were best able to delay gratification （满足） later did better in school and had fewer behavioural problems than the children who could only resist eating the cookie for a few minutes — and， further， ended up on average with SAT scores that were 210 points higher.As adults， the high-delay children completed college at higher rates than the other children and then went on to earn higher incomes.In contrast， the children who had the most trouble delaying gratification had higher rates of incarceration （监禁） as adults and were more likely to struggle with drug and alcohol addiction.
　　All suggests that the ability to delay gratification — that is， desire control — may be one of the most important skills to learn to have a satisfying and successful life.The question is： how do we learn it？
　　The answer may lie in the strategies Mischel’s high-delay children used.Rather than resist the urge to eat the cookie， these children distracted （转移） themselves from the urge itself.They played with toys in the room， sang songs to themselves， and looked everywhere but at the cookie.In short， they did everything they could to put the cookie out of their minds.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。心理学家Walter Mischel通过一项实验，提出了著名的延迟满足理论。这一理论对孩子的个人成长有很大的借鉴意义。
28. What should the children do to get a second cookie？（　　）
A.They should leave later.
B.They should wait longer.
C.They should arrive earlier.
D.They should study harder.
解析：B　细节理解题。根据第一段可知，若想得到第二块饼干，这些孩子需要做的是等待外出的Walter Mischel回来。
29.What’s the second paragraph mainly about？（　　）
A.How to be high-delay children.
B.How high-delay children succeed.
C.The problems with low-delay children.
D.The advantages of high-delay children.
解析：D　段落大意题。根据第二段可知，那些擅长延迟满足的孩子长大后学习成绩更好，有较少的行为问题，同时也挣钱更多；同时也附带说明那些不擅长延迟满足的孩子长大后出问题的概率更高。
30.Why did Walter Mischel give each of the children a cookie？（　　）
A.To educate them.　　B.To do a research.
C.To entertain them.　　D.To conduct a survey.
解析：B　推理判断题。根据第一、二段可知，Walter Mischel在实验中先给每个孩子一块饼干，后来又对这些孩子进行了跟踪研究，观察他们长大后的表现。由此可推知，Walter Mischel给每个孩子一块饼干是为了做研究。
31.What should we do to delay gratification according to the author？（　　）
A.Set another new goal.
B.Try to control the desire.
C.Give up what you want completely.
D.Forget what attracts you temporarily.
解析：D　细节理解题。根据最后一段可知，作者指出，掌握延迟满足能力的关键在于向Walter Mischel实验中那些擅长延迟满足的孩子学习——不是抵制欲望，而是转移注意力。
D
　　In a study published in Nature Communications， researchers from the University of Zurich told 50 people they’d be receiving about $100.Half of the people were asked to spend that money on themselves， and half were asked to spend it on someone they knew.Before giving out any money， the researchers brought everyone into the lab and asked them to think about a friend they’d like to give a gift to and how much they would spend.They then performed functional MRI scans to measure activities in three parts of the brain related to social behaviour， generosity， happiness and decision-making.
　　Their choices — and their brain activities — seemed to depend on how they had promised to spend the money earlier.Those who had promised to spend money on other people tended to make more generous decisions throughout the experiment.They also had more interaction between the parts of the brain related to altruism （无私） and happiness， and they reported higher levels of happiness after the experiment was over.
　　Another piece of good news was that planning to give away just a little bit of money had the same effects on happiness as giving away a lot.“At least in our study， the amount spent did not matter，” says lead author Philippe Tobler.“Even little things have a beneficial effect — like bringing coffee to one’s workmates.”
　　“It’s not yet clear how long these warm feelings last after being generous.But studies have shown that older people who are generous tend to have better health，” says Tobler， and other research has suggested that spending money on others can be effective at lowering blood pressure.“Moreover， there is a positive connection between helping others and life expectancy （预期寿命），” he adds.
　　Next time you think that the best way to make yourself feel better is to buy yourself a treat， consider that the opposite is likely true.“It is worth giving it a try， even if you think it would not work，” Tobler says.“Repeated practice is probably needed so that giving becomes second nature.”
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。研究发现，慷慨使人更快乐、更健康。
32.What did the researchers find out about those promising to spend money on other people？（　　）
A.They were much happier.
B.They had less brain activities.
C.They were slower at making decisions.
D.They experienced higher levels of stress.
解析：A　细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句可知，那些承诺将钱花给他人的人感觉更快乐，幸福感更强。
33.What does Tobler want to illustrate by mentioning bringing coffee to workmates？（　　）
A.It isn’t hard to behave generously.
B.Being generous will pay off in the end.
C.The amount of generosity did not matter.
D.Small acts of generosity can be seen everywhere.
解析：C　推理判断题。根据第三段可知，Tobler认为慷慨的程度并不会影响快乐，他通过给同事带咖啡的例子说明即使微小的慷慨之举也能带来快乐。
34.What does Paragraph 4 mainly tell us？（　　）
A.Ways to show generosity.
B.Health benefits of being generous.
C.Reasons for performing acts of generosity.
D.Influences generous people have on others.
解析：B　段落大意题。根据第四段可知，本段主要讲述了慷慨有益于健康。
35.What does Tobler suggest people do in the last paragraph？（　　）
A.Practice giving and make it a habit.
B.Don’t expect anything in return when giving.
C.Don’t believe happiness depends on a good treat.
D.Perform something good even if it may have a bad result.
解析：A　细节理解题。根据最后一段中Tobler说的话可知，Tobler认为人们在生活中应该尝试给予，并让它成为一种习惯。
第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）
　　阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
How to Help Others in Your Community
　　Helping others in your community is a great way to spread joy to others and get the most out of life.36.（　　）
　　You can choose to become a volunteer.Volunteering is a great way to help others out in your community.Look around for a homeless shelter or a soup kitchen and spend some time there doing whatever needs to be done.37.（　　） For example， try tutoring homeless kids at the local shelter so that they can stay in school and not fall behind， and also you get a sense of achievement.
　　38.（　　） You can give away money to some organisations that help others.If you don’t have money to spare， look through your unused items （物品） and see what you can part with that is in good condition.They are needed by a local food bank or shelter.
　　You can choose to redirect gifts.39.（　　） You can invite them to do voluntary work to celebrate your birthday.You can also suggest they donate the money they intend to use to buy gifts for you.
　　You can stop to help.There are many cases where you can stop to give a helping hand.If you see people on the street struggling to carry all their groceries， stop to help.40.（　　） However， keep in mind that they may not always need help.But never feel discouraged when your kindness is turned down.
A.Usually they are grateful to accept your help.
B.You can choose to donate to important causes.
C.There are a number of chances you can take advantage of.
D.You can help your neighbours without spending much money.
E.Donate the gifts you receive to poor children in your community.
F.Not only will this help others， but you will also gain certain benefit.
G.Instead of getting new gifts every birthday， have your friends and family help others.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。帮助别人是一种传播快乐和善意的好方法，文章介绍了在社区里帮助他人的几种途径。
36.C　根据空前一句及下文介绍的在社区里帮助他人的途径可知，C项（你可以利用的机会有很多）符合语境。
37.F　根据空后一句可知，F项（这不仅能帮助他人，而且你也能获得一定的好处）符合语境。
38.B　根据空后的You can give away money to some organisations that help others.及They are needed by a local food bank or shelter.可知，B项（你可以选择为重要的事情捐款）符合语境。
39.G　根据空前一句以及空后一句可知，G项（不要每次生日都收新礼物，让你的朋友和家人帮助他人）符合语境。
40.A　根据空前的If you see people on the street struggling to carry all their groceries， stop to help.可知，A项（通常，他们会满怀感激地接受你的帮助）符合语境。
第三部分　语言运用（共两节，满分30分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
　　阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
　　As an old teacher， I know that praise can be a huge motivational tool.I know how to thank my grown kids and my husband for a job well done.I also get my 　41　 comments right back when I use the 　42　 that makes my preschoolers giggle — BUT.
　　When one of my students 　43　 to print her name， I oohed and aahed.“Wow！ That is a great A， and your letter D is nice and tall， but your letter E should be 　44　； can you erase it and try to make it shorter？” I asked.She wasn’t crushed by my comment.She tried to 　45　 my expectations.I thought I was 　46　， preparing her for kindergarten.I don’t believe that my comment would have any long term 　47　 on her self-worth.I imagine though， if I’d substituted （代替） the word BUT with the word AND， she’d have been 　48　 her accomplishment instead of 　49　 the “right way” to print her name.I 　50　 I had said，“I like your nice tall letters， AND I like how 　51　 you are trying to make your letter E.”
　　My dear husband helps around the house.I was thrilled he had 　52　 my work load.I thanked him.I told him how 　53　 he is， and I used that 　54　 word again.“BUT， why did you 　55　 small pieces of bread all over the counter？” Why？ Why？ Why didn’t I say，“Thank you， AND I greatly appreciate all you do around the house.”
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。作者通过自己的两次亲身经历，说明一个观点：我们在赞扬别人时，最好用and一词代替我们常用的but。
41. A.serious　 B.funny
C.positive　　 D.casual
解析：C　根据上文可知，作者习惯于感谢他人。由此可知，她对人的评价应该是积极的。
42. A.letter　　 B.sign
C.idea　　 D.word
解析：D　根据下文可知，当作者接下来使用but时，孩子们会咯咯作笑。But是一个单词。
43. A.decided　　 B.managed
C.attempted　　 D.pretended
解析：C　根据下文可知，这个学生在尝试用印刷体写她的名字。attempt意为“尝试；努力”。
44. A.small　　 B.big
C.short　　 D.long
解析：C　根据下句can you erase it and try to make it shorter？可知，作者希望这个学生能将字母E写得短一些。
45. A.take care of　　 B.live up to
C.put up with　　 D.look forward to
解析：B　根据语境可知，这个学生没有受到作者评价的影响，而是努力按作者的要求去做。live up to one’s expectations是一个固定短语，意为“不辜负某人的期望”。
46. A.trying　　 B.giving
C.devoting　　 D.helping
解析：D　根据语境可知，作者认为自己在帮助这位同学为幼儿园的学习做好准备。
47. A.effect　　 B.benefit
C.progress　　 D.plan
解析：A　根据语境可知，作者认为自己的评价不会对这个学生的自我价值感产生长久的影响。effect意为“效果”。
48. A.proud of　　 B.amazed at
C.curious about　　 D.concerned with
解析：A　根据语境可知，当作者使用but时，带有批评的含义；而使用and则是继续表扬的语气。由此可知，她会为自己的成就而感到自豪。
49. A.obtaining　　 B.questioning
C.understanding　　 D.explaining
解析：B　作者希望那个学生为自己的成就而感到自豪，而不是怀疑自己书写的能力。
50. A.demand　　 B.expect
C.wish　　 D.imagine
解析：C　作者希望自己当初不要那么说，属于对过去事实作出的虚拟假设。
51. A.easily　　 B.carefully
C.quickly　　 D.hard
解析：D　因为作者希望自己沿用前面的语气继续表扬那个学生，因此这里应该是赞扬该学生付出的努力。
52. A.increased　　 B.lightened
C.produced　　 D.changed
解析：B　根据上文可知，丈夫在家里非常勤劳，这自然是帮助作者减轻了负担。
53. A.patient　　 B.wonderful
C.humorous　　 D.generous
解析：B　由于丈夫非常勤劳，作者自然应该夸奖他非常棒。
54. A.naughty　　 B.strange
C.useful　　 D.pleasant
解析：A　作者在表扬完丈夫后，接着又习惯性地说出了那个大煞风景的词——BUT。naughty意为“不妥当的”。
55. A.pick　　 B.make
C.leave　　 D.spread
解析：C　根据语境可知，作者的丈夫将面包碎屑弄得到处都是。leave表示“使某物处于某种状态”。
第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
　　阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
　　The launching ceremony of the 3rd “Stories of China Retold in English Challenge” was held at Tianjin Normal University last Sunday， 56.　　 the aim of strengthening communication and cultural bonds among global youth.
　　57.　　　　　　 （launch） by China Education Television and the New Channel International Education Group in 2020， over 300，000 youth from across the world 58.　　　　　　 （attend） the event so far.
　　“Educational communication is one of the best ways 59.　　　　　　 （enhance） understanding and acceptance of different cultures.More Chinese youth have gone beyond borders and are playing 60.　　　　　　 important role in boosting people-to-people exchanges， and at the same time， we see an increasing number of overseas 61.　　　　　　 （learner） coming to China， and sharing their Chinese stories with the world，” said Zhong Yinghua， president of Tianjin Normal University.
　　Hu Min， CEO of NewChannel International Education Group Limited， echoed Zhong’s view and said， “62.　　　　　　 many foreigners still have the stereotyped 63.　　　　　　 （impress） of a backward China， it’s necessary to tell Chinese stories to help foreign countries to know more about China.”
　　The “Stories of China Retold in English” activity will motivate and guide more young Chinese to boost 64.　　　　　　 （they） cultural confidence and become storytellers， practitioners and spokesmen of Chinese stories， so that Chinese stories can 65.　　　　　　 （spread） to other parts of the world.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。“用英语讲中国故事”活动是中国教育电视台与新航道国际教育集团联合发起的一项面向海内外青少年的活动，其目的是用英语传播和弘扬中华优秀文化。
56.with　这里表示“用英语讲中国故事”活动具有此目的，应用with短语作状语，表示补充说明。
57.Launched　这里表示该活动由中国教育电视台与新航道国际教育集团联合发起，表示被动概念，应用过去分词作状语。
58.have attended　本句时间状语为so far，因此用现在完成时，表示截至现在已经发生或完成的动作。
59.to enhance　名词way后面通常接to do来作后置定语。
60.an　本空后的role一词为可数名词，play a role/part为固定短语，表示“起作用；扮演角色”。
61.learners　本空前的an increasing number of暗示这里应该用名词的复数形式。
62.Since/As/Because　逗号后面是结果，逗号前面是原因，因此这里填入从属连词Since/As/Because引导原因状语从句。
63.impression　本空前面是形容词stereotyped，因此这里应该填入一个名词。
64.their　本空后面是名词短语cultural confidence，因此这里应该填入一个形容词性物主代词。
65.be spread　这里表示中国故事“被传播”到世界其他地区，因此应用被动语态。
第四部分　写作（共两节，满分40分）
第一节（满分15分）
　　你校正在组织英语作文比赛。请你以A Good Deed I Have Done为题写一篇短文参赛，内容包括：
　　1.描写你做过的一件好事；
　　2.分享你的体会。
注意：1.写作词数应为80左右；
2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
A Good Deed I Have Done
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
参考范文：
A Good Deed I Have Done
　　It was a Saturday afternoon.Having watched a Hollywood film， I planned to go home by bike as usual.When I went to a Didi shared bike， I found a handbag in its front basket， which must have been left by the previous user of the bike.Then I called the customer service hotline of Didi and reported the finding.About half an hour later， the owner of the handbag contacted me and got her handbag back， who was extremely thankful.
　　Abraham Lincoln once said， “When I do good， I feel good.” This is exactly true.When we do a good deed， we not only help others but also achieve a sense of joy and satisfactory.
第二节（满分25分）
　　阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
　　I was walking down the muddy road one day when my cell phone rang.A child’s voice on the other end spoke to me softly，“Dad， please come back soon.I miss you so much！” Unconsciously， I knew it was a wrong number once again.I don’t have a single daughter.I just have a six-year-old son.It is not unusual to receive this kind of calls nowadays， so I replied rudely，“You’ve dialed the wrong number！” and then hung up in anger.
　　During the following days， I got the same call now and then.It disturbed me， so I either rejected her or hung up right away rudely.I couldn’t help complaining about this， “What an impolite girl！ How can she call me up over and over again？” How I wished the little girl would stop causing any trouble to me some day！ Suddenly， the phone rang up again.It was from the same girl.It seemed that she would not give up until she got an answer.
　　She constantly called me up.Even if I did not give her an answer， she still dialed my number from time to time.Eventually I unwillingly answered the phone.I heard the weak voice of that little girl， “Dad， please come back now.I miss you so much！ Mom told me this was not a wrong number.It is your cell phone number， right？ Dad， I am in so much pain！ Mom said you were too busy to take care of me.She is tired out from looking after me.Dad， I know you are busy.If you cannot come home， please kiss me again on the phone， OK？” The innocent request was difficult to reject.I made a loud kiss into the phone and heard a weak voice saying， “Thank you ...Dad， I am so ...happy， so ...happy.”
注意：1.续写词数应为150左右；
2.请按如下格式作答。
　　Shortly after this， I became interested in who had been on the other end of my phone.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　I couldn’t wait to ask the woman how her daughter was.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
参考范文：
　　Shortly after this， I became interested in who had been on the other end of my phone. When I called the number back， a woman answered， “Sorry， sir.I am really sorry to bother you.I did want to call to apologize.” From the woman， I learnt that the girl had bone cancer when she was born， and unfortunately her father died in an accident several weeks ago.The little girl suffered from unbearable treatment every day.Feeling painful， she would cry for her dad who had always encouraged her， so her mother gave her a random number.
　　I couldn’t wait to ask the woman how her daughter was.The woman thought for a while， saying sadly，“She has gone.You must have kissed her on the phone， and she went with a smile as she tightly held the cell phone with which she could hear her father’s voice ...” On hearing this， I couldn’t keep back my sad feeling， tears streaming down my cheeks.I didn’t know what to say， so I slowly hang up my phone， praying for her happiness and health in heaven.
15 / 15Part Ⅱ　Share your opinions about a moral story
1.Which of the following is TRUE？（　　）
A.The king wanted to play a joke on others.
B.The group of women moved the stone together.
C.The girl had great difficulty moving the stone.
D.The milkman knew who put the stone there.
2.What can we infer from the fable？（　　）
A.The king regretted what he had done.
B.The girl and the king found the owner of the coins.
C.The girl wasn’t surprised at the coins.
D.The king achieved his goal at last.
3.What’s the right order of the fable？（　　）
①The king placed a stone in the street.
②A group of women passed it.
③A girl saw the stone and moved it away.
④A milkman crashed into the stone.
A.①②③④　　B.①④②③
C.①②④③　　D.④①②③
4.What do you think this fable mainly tells us？（　　）
A.Where there is a will， there is a way.
B.Everyone must shoulder his responsibility.
C.Chance favors only the prepared mind.
D.As you make your bed， you must lie on it.
答案：1－4　CDBB
Step 1　品教材课文
THE STONE IN THE ROAD
　　Once upon a time there was a king who often thought， “Nothing good can come to a nation whose people only complain and expect others to solve their problems.” One day， he had an idea.
　　Early one morning， the king disguised himself and went to a local village.He placed a large stone in the middle of the main street and hid gold coins under the stone.Then he hid behind a huge maple tree and watched.
　　The first person down the street was a milkman with his cart.He crashed into the stone， spilling the milk everywhere.“What fool put this stone here？” he shouted.He picked himself up and angrily went away.
　　After a while， a group of women came along， each balancing a pot of water on her head.One woman tripped over the stone and her water pot went crashing to the ground.She picked herself up and limped away in tears.Neither she nor her friends thought about moving the stone out of the road.
　　The king watched all day as many people complained about the stone， but he found nobody making an attempt to move it.The king was in despair.“Is there no one in this village who feels any responsibility to keep their neighbours from harm？”
　　Just then， the king saw a young girl coming along.She was the daughter of a local farmer.She had been working all day and was very tired.But when she saw the stone， she said to herself， “This stone is a danger to anyone who comes down the street after dark.I’ll move it out of the way.”
　　The girl pushed the stone with all her might.After a great deal of effort， she finally succeeded in moving it to the side of the street.Imagine her surprise when she saw the gold coins where the stone had been！
　　Just then， the king stepped out from behind the tree.“Oh sir，” the girl said， “does this gold belong to you？ If not， we surely must find the owner， for he will certainly miss it.”
The king said， “My dear， the gold is mine.I put it in the road and moved the stone over it.Now the gold is yours， because you are the only person who has learnt the lesson I wanted to teach my people.”
Step 2　析写作手法
学语言：
1.连接词：
（1）第一段第一句中的Once upon a time 是常用的故事开头语，然后作者用One day开始叙述故事。
（2）第二至五段主要是按照时间顺序展开的，并运用了Early one morning， Then， After a while， all day等时间状语，使句子之间层次清晰、衔接紧密、语意连贯。
2.高级表达：
（1）作者运用高频词汇complain， disguised， placed， hid 等词描写了国王的实际行动。
（2）作者运用She picked herself up and limped away in tears.描绘了一个女人被绊倒后的心理活动。
3.高级句式：
（1）第一段中使用了高级句式：whose people only complain and expect ...为whose引导的定语从句。
（2）第三段第二句中的spilling the milk everywhere和第四段第一、二句中的each balancing a pot of water on her head和crashing to the ground等多处使用了动词-ing短语，使语言精辟简练，表达更加形象生动，故事情节波澜起伏。
（3）倒数第二段中的If not是条件状语从句的省略形式，既避免了重复又使语言更加精练，突显表达效果。
学结构：
【参考译文】
挡道的石头
　　从前有个国王，他经常思考：“如果一个国家的人民只会抱怨，而且总是期待别人来解决他们的问题，那么这个国家就不会有什么好事。”有一天，他想到一个办法。
　　一天清晨，国王乔装打扮一番后，来到了当地的一座村庄。他把一块大石头放在了主路的中间，并且在石头下面藏了几枚金币。然后，他就躲在一棵大枫树后观察。
　　路上走来的第一个人是推着车子的送奶工。他撞在石头上，牛奶四处飞溅。“哪个傻瓜把石头放在这里了？”他大喊道。他从地上爬起来，气呼呼地走了。
　　过了一会儿，一群女人走了过来，每人头上都顶着一罐水。其中一个女人被石头绊倒，水罐也摔到地上。她从地上爬起来，噙着泪一瘸一拐地走了。无论是她自己，还是她的同伴，都没有想到把石头从路中间挪开。
　　国王观察了一整天，看到很多人都埋怨这块石头，却没人试着把它挪开。国王陷入了绝望。“难道整个村子都没有一个人觉得有责任让邻居免遭不测吗？”
　　就在那时，国王看到一位小姑娘迎面走来。小姑娘是当地一位农民的女儿。忙活了一天，她疲惫不堪。然而，当她看到那块石头，她自言自语道：“对于天黑以后走在这条路上的人来说，这块石头很危险，我得把它从这条路上挪开。”
　　女孩使出了全身力气去推石头。费了好大一番工夫，她终于成功地把石头推到了路边。想象一下，当她看到原先石头所在之处的金币时有多么惊讶！
　　此时，国王从树后走了出来。“哦，先生，”女孩说道，“这些金币是您的吗？如果不是的话，我们得找到失主，他一定十分着急。”
　　国王答道：“亲爱的，金币是我的，是我把它放在了路上，然后把石头压在上面。现在，金币归你了，因为我想教给我的子民的道理，只有你一人学会了。”
　　
Step 3　背出彩佳句
一、引述材料常用句型
1.After reading the story， I understand that we teenagers should find and make good use of our advantages， stopping complaining about the shortcomings all the time.
读了这个故事之后，我明白了我们青少年应该发现和充分利用我们的优势，停止抱怨自己的缺点。
2.I was deeply impressed with the film’s theme which is about protecting the Earth.
那部主题为保护地球的电影给我留下了深刻印象。
二、分析材料常用句型
1.The fable tells us that one good turn deserves another.
这个寓言告诉我们：善有善报。
2.As a matter of fact： the fable mirrors that different attitudes may bring about different results.
事实上，这个寓言反映了不同的态度会带来不同的结果。
3.So we should stay positive and value what we have instead of complaining too much.
所以我们应该保持积极，珍惜我们所拥有的，而不是抱怨太多。
4.This story indicates that those not blindly listening to other’s criticism or praise are more likely to obtain what they are pursuing.
这个故事表明，那些不盲目听从别人批评或赞扬的人更有可能获得他们所追求的东西。
5.So whatever you encounter， accept it willingly and use it to the fullest.
所以无论你遇到什么，欣然接受并充分利用它。
三、总结全文常用句型
1.Whenever I have the ability to help others， I should always lend a hand.
每当我能帮助别人的时候，我应该总是伸出援助之手。
2.As an old saying goes， “Union means power.”
俗话说：“团结就是力量。”
3.I strongly hope you can see the film and it won’t let you down！
我强烈希望你能看看这部电影，它不会让你失望！
　　本单元的写作项目是阅读一篇关于道德品质的故事，然后写一篇有关该故事的评论。请你根据我们刚学的寓言故事“挡道的石头”写一篇评论。
注意：1.写作词数应为80左右；
2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
一、合理布局，精心谋篇
第一段：简要介绍这个寓言故事的内容；
第二段：分析这个寓言故事反映的哲理；
第三段：表达自己的感悟和看法。
二、遣词造句，规范得体
1.　The story is about a king who wanted to teach his people a lesson.　
这个故事讲的是一个国王想要给他的民众一个教训。
2.　The king hid some gold coins under a stone in the street.　
国王把一些金币藏在了大街上的一块石头下面。
3.　The purpose of the story is to tell us that we should not complain and expect others to solve them when we meet with problems.　
这个故事的目的是告诉我们：当遇到问题时，我们不应该抱怨和期待别人来解决它们。
4.　In fact， we should take action at once to deal with our problems in our daily lives.　
事实上，我们应该立即采取行动来处理我们日常生活中的问题。
5.　More importantly， we should learn from the selfless girl， who always cares for others in the story.But we shouldn’t learn from other selfish villagers.　
更重要的是，我们应该学习故事中总是关心他人的无私女孩，而不是学习其他自私的村民。
三、恰当衔接，自然过渡
6.用by doing ...合并句1和句2
　The story is about a king who wanted to teach his people a lesson by hiding some gold coins under a stone in the street.　
7.用when doing ...升级句3
　The purpose of the story is to tell us that we should not complain and expect others to solve them when meeting with problems.　
8.用主语从句升级句4
　In fact， what we should do is to take action at once to deal with our problems in our daily lives.　
9.用rather than升级句5
　More importantly， we should learn from the selfless girl who always cares for others in the story rather than other selfish villagers.　
四、认真誊写，赏心悦目
　　　The fable titled “The Stone in the Road” is a moral story.It is about a king who wanted to teach his people a lesson by hiding some gold coins under a stone in the street.　
　　　The purpose of the story is to tell us that we should not complain and expect others to solve them when meeting with problems.In fact， what we should do is to take action at once to deal with our problems in our daily lives.More importantly， we should learn from the selfless girl who always cares for others in the story rather than other selfish villagers.　
　　　I like the story very much and I think it is very meaningful and helpful to us.We should always keep in mind that one good turn deserves another.I will recommend this story to as many people as I can.　
核心词汇集释
in tears流着泪；含着泪
【教材原句】　She picked herself up and limped away in tears.她从地上爬起来，噙着泪一瘸一拐地走了。
【用法】
burst into tears　　　　　突然大哭起来 fight back tears　　忍住眼泪 tears of joy　　喜悦的泪水 hold back one’s tears　　强忍住眼泪 be moved to tears　　感动得流泪 be close to tears　　几乎要流泪
【佳句】　①Excited and moved， both of them were in tears.
既激动又感动，他们两个都泪流满面。
②Linda suddenly burst into tears and ran out.
琳达突然大哭起来，跑了出去。
【写美】　完成句子
①I was heartbroken to see 　tears streaming down Jane’s cheeks　. （读后续写之神态描写）
看到简泪流满面，我很伤心。
②When sensing she was lost in the forest， she 　burst into tears　.
当意识到自己在森林里迷路了时，她突然大哭起来。
③The moment they met， they hugged each other tightly and couldn’t 　fight back tears/hold back their tears　.
他们一相遇，就紧紧地拥抱着对方，泪水控制不住地流了下来。
harm n.& vt.伤害；损害
【教材原句】　Is there no one in this village who feels any responsibility to keep their neighbours from harm？
难道整个村子都没有一个人觉得自己有责任让邻居免遭不测吗？
【用法】
（1）do sb/sth harm＝do harm to sb/sth对……有害 There is no harm in doing sth　　做某事无害 （2）harmful adj.　　　　　　　　有害的 be harmful to ...　　对……有害 （3）harmless adj.　　无害的
【佳句】　There is no harm in giving gifts to children， but they should not be rewards.
给孩子们礼物没有什么坏处，但礼品不应该是奖品。
【练透】　单句语法填空
①You must also try your best to protect your eyes from 　harmful　 （harm） things.
【写美】　一句多译
②空气污染很严重，所以户外运动可能对我们的健康有害。
→The air pollution is very serious， so taking outdoor exercise may 　be harmful to our health　.
→The air pollution is very serious， so taking outdoor exercise may 　do harm to our health　.
a great deal （of）大量
【教材原句】　After a great deal of effort， she finally succeeded in moving it to the side of the street.
费了好大一番功夫，她终于成功地把石头推到了路边。
【用法】
（1）a great deal意为“大量”，起名词作用，在句中可以作主语、宾语等。 （2）a great deal意为“非常；很”，在句中作状语，可修饰动词或形容词、副词比较级。 （3）a great deal of后跟不可数名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。
【佳句】　People suffered a great deal from the disaster， but they didn’t lose confidence in rebuilding their homes.
人们在这场灾难中遭受了巨大的痛苦，但他们并没有对重建家园失去信心。
【练透】　单句语法填空
①After taking some medicine， he felt a great deal 　better　 （good）.
②A great deal of work 　has been done　 （do） to improve people’s living standards in the past few years.
【写美】　完成句子
③I know 　a great deal about many historical figures　 because I have a fancy for history.
我对许多历史人物都很了解，因为我对历史很感兴趣。
重点句型解构
句型公式：独立主格结构
【教材原句】　After a while， a group of women came along， each balancing a pot of water on her head.
过了一会儿，一群女人走了过来，每人头上都顶着一罐水。
【用法】
（1）句中each balancing a pot of water on her head是一个由代词each和动词-ing短语构成的结构，充当句子的状语，这种语法结构被称作“独立主格结构”。 （2）独立主格结构：名词/代词＋形容词/副词/介词短语/doing/done/to do。
【品悟】　①I was deeply moved by what he had done，my eyes in tears. （情感描写）
我被他的所作所为深深地感动了，我热泪盈眶。
②A little boy came into the classroom， his face red with cold.一个小男孩走进了教室，他的脸冻得通红。
【写美】　完成句子
①The manager felt as if he were an ant on a hot pan， 　many things to settle　.
有许多事情要解决，经理觉得自己就像热锅上的蚂蚁。
②She rested her head on her husband’s shoulder， a smile of happiness spreading across her face.
她把头靠在丈夫的肩膀上，脸上洋溢着幸福的笑容。
③　 All the windows open　， our classroom is well-ventilated.
所有的窗户都开着，我们的教室通风良好。
句型公式：neither ...nor ...既不……也不……
【教材原句】　Neither she nor her friends thought about moving the stone out of the road.
无论是她自己，还是她的同伴，都没有想到把石头从路中间挪开。
【用法】
（1）neither ...nor ...可连接两个并列的句子成分，连接两个主语时，谓语动词遵循“就近一致”原则。 （2）遵循“就近一致”原则的其他并列连词有： either ...or ...不是……就是…… not only ...but also ...不仅……而且…… not ...but ...不是……而是……
【写美】　完成句子
①I 　neither knew nor cared　 what had happened to him.
我既不知道也不关心他出了什么事。
②It is 　not what you say but what you do　 that matters.
重要的不是你说什么，而是你做什么。
③It is not you but she that 　is to blame　.
该受责备的不是你而是她。
情感描写 ①passive adj.被动的；顺从的 ②despair n.绝望 vi.绝望；感到无望 vt.渴望；期望 ③complain vi.& vt.抱怨；发牢骚 complaint n.抱怨；投诉 ④tension n.紧张关系；紧张；焦虑 tense adj.紧张的，焦虑的 ⑤in tears 流着泪；含着泪
动作描写 ①faint vi.昏倒；晕厥adj.不清楚的；微弱的 ②replace vt.接替；取代；更换 ③assist vt.帮助；援助 ④carry sb through sth 帮助某人渡过难关 ⑤tend vt.照顾；照料 vi.倾向；趋于 ⑥trip over被……绊倒
第一步：完成句子雏形现
1.Susan had 　a car accident and fainted　.
苏珊遭遇车祸，昏迷了。
2.She was blind forever.She threw her into 　a world of anger， despair and complaint　.
她永远失明了，这使她陷入了愤怒、绝望、抱怨的世界中。
3.　All day long she frowned and was in tears　， feeling as if a knife were cutting her heart.
她整天愁眉苦脸，以泪洗面，心如刀割。
4.Her husband， Mark，　tended （to） her with great care　 and determined to assist her to regain strength and confidence and step out of such a passive dilemma.
她的丈夫马克细致入微地照顾她，决定帮助她重获力量和信心，走出如此被动的困境。
5.Gradually， Susan’s tension 　was replaced by confidence　.
苏珊的焦虑逐渐被信心代替了。
6.She whispered gently，“Mark， thank you.　It is you that carry me through　 the tough situation.”
她柔声低语道：“马克，谢谢你。正是你帮助我渡过了难关。”
第二步：句式升级造亮点
7.把句2合并升级为分词作状语
　She was blind forever， throwing her into a world of anger， despair and complaint.　
第三步：过渡衔接连成篇
　　　Susan had a car accident and fainted.She was blind forever， throwing her into a world of anger，despair and complaint.All day long she frowned and was in tears， feeling as if a knife were cutting her heart.Her husband， Mark， tended （to） her with great care and determined to assist her to regain strength and confidence and step out of such a passive dilemma.Gradually， Susan’s tension was replaced by confidence.She whispered gently，“Mark， thank you.It is you that carry me through the tough situation.”　
维度一：品句填词
1.The woman tripped over， 　spilling　 （洒） hot coffee everywhere.
2.It was a touching story that moved many of us to 　tears　 （泪水）.
3.The night before the test I was overcome by fear and 　despair　 （绝望）.But my mother encouraged me to face it bravely.
4.He pulled the boy out of the pool with all his 　might　 （力量）.
5.Every year there are many 　accidents　 （事故） caused by setting off firecrackers.
6.　Bitten　 （咬） by a snake in the bush， Susan was soon sent back to the hospital.
7.American students have a more flexible　 schedule to do part-time jobs.
8.Therefore　， I’d like to be your guide and show you around our city.
维度二：词形转换
1.The children stood in a row， each 　holding　 （hold） a bunch of flowers.
2.Such 　harmful　 （harm） things as plastics and used batteries should not be mixed with other wastes.
3.Chinese subway trains are 　exported　 （export） to the developed countries including the United States.
4.After dressing up， he sat close to his friend， 　whispering　 （whisper） something to him.
5.It is with your 　 assistance　 （assist） that I will make full preparations for the meeting.
维度三：话题写作之寓言故事
1.　Once I was moved to tears　 by a fable titled “The Foolish Old Man Who Removed the Mountains”.
曾经我被一个名为“愚公移山”的寓言故事感动得流泪。
2.　Two mountains blocking their way　， Yu Gong and his families decided to move them away.
两座山挡住了他们的路，愚公和他的家人们决定移走它们。
3.Every day， he and his sons 　spent a great deal of time doing the work　.
每天，他和儿子们都花大量的时间做这项工作。
4.He said even though he 　passed away　， his descendants would continue the job.
他说，即使他去世了，他的子孙后代们也会继续下去。
5.I learn that we young generation 　are in need of his determination and perseverance　.
我明白了，我们年轻一代都需要他的那种决心和毅力。
维度四：课文语法填空
　　There once lived a king with the belief that 1.　a　 nation whose people only expect others to solve their problems wouldn’t have a bright future.Early one morning， the 2.　disguised　 （disguise） king went to a village.He placed a large stone in the middle of the main street 3.　and　 hid gold coins under the stone.After that， he hid behind a huge maple tree， watching what would happen.
　　The first person down the street crashed into the stone and 4.　angrily　 （angry） went away.Although several 5.　passers-by　 （passer-by） tripped over the stone， none of them stopped 6.　to move　 （move） the stone out of the way.Instead， they complained and left the stone where it was.
　　Just as the king was in despair， a young girl came.Though 7.　tired　 （tire） out， she managed to move it to the side of the street because she thought the stone was a danger to anyone 8.　coming　 （come） down the street.To her surprise， she saw the gold coins where the stone 9.　had been placed　 （place）.At that time， the king stepped out 10.　from　 behind the tree， told the girl everything and asked her to keep the coins， for she was worth the award.
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
　　（2024·临沂高一下期末）In June 2019， Steve Wilson was going on a bike ride.Like many of us often do， he checked his phone beforehand， and saw a moving post about his friend’s daughter Linda.“She was a junior in high school at the time， she just received a life-saving kidney （肾） from a woman in town，” Wilson told CBS News.“And they didn’t even know this woman till they made the request for their daughter.”
　　“So， I became emotional.I just thought that is the coolest thing，” said Wilson， who lives in Westchester， N.Y.“I took a long bike ride and I kept thinking， ‘I would love to do something like that one day.’”
　　After seeing the post， Wilson selflessly decided to become a living donor himself， donating a kidney， while he was alive， to someone he didn’t know.
　　“I knew it would go to someone.It eventually went to someone across the country，” Wilson said.“They took my kidney to the airport and flew it out to the West Coast.” He said he still doesn’t know the person who received his kidney and he probably never will， which he’s fine with.He just wanted it to change somebody’s life， he said.
　　Going through an operation may seem frightening， but Wilson says all it takes is two weeks of your life for recovery.And to prove that it isn’t burdensome， Wilson and his fellow living donors finished an even harder mission： Summiting （登上） Mount Kilimanjaro.
　　“I do think that having that purpose made it a little bit easier.But there were some people — and I was one of them — that really plowed hard to get through.And the purpose behind it was the reason you just kept going，” Wilson said.
　　The team reached the summit on 10 March — symbolically， World Kidney Day.As for whether the climb to encourage living donations was worth it， Wilson said he inspired at least his friends to consider becoming living donors， but he thinks the Kilimanjaro summit could have inspired countless others.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。Steve Wilson选择将肾捐献给一位陌生人，然后通过登上乞力马扎罗山的壮举证明捐肾不会影响到身体健康，并激励更多人去捐肾。
1.What made Steve Wilson decide to donate his kidney？（　　）
A.His past life experience.
B.His friend’s suggestions.
C.The woman’s noble behaviour.
D.The request from Linda’s parents.
解析：C　细节理解题。根据第一至三段可知，Steve Wilson之所以选择将自己的肾捐献出去，主要是受到一位妇女捐肾行为的影响。
2.Why did Steve Wilson choose to climb Mount Kilimanjaro？（　　）
A.To show his bravery.
B.To display his strength.
C.To inspire people to donate kidneys.
D.To inspire people to conquer difficulties.
解析：C　推理判断题。根据最后两段可知，Steve Wilson选择攀登乞力马扎罗山的主要目的是激励更多人加入捐肾的行列。
3.Which of the following can best describe Steve Wilson？（　　）
A.Generous and caring.
B.Smart and hard-working.
C.Outgoing and humorous.
D.Ambitious and adventurous.
解析：A　推理判断题。根据Steve Wilson的故事可知，他能无偿捐献自己的肾并激励更多人行善，这充分体现了他的爱心和慷慨。虽然他的登山也体现了他热爱冒险的一面，但这并非本文的重点。
4.What would be the best title for the text？（　　）
A.A Sick Girl and a Kind-hearted Woman
B.A Kidney Donor and an Unknown Receiver
C.Donating a Kidney After Climbing a Mountain
D.Conquering a Mountain After Donating a Kidney
解析：D　标题归纳题。综合全文可知，本文主要讲述了Steve Wilson先无偿捐肾然后通过登山来激励更多人加入捐肾行列的故事。因此D项最适合作文章标题。
B
　　（2024·邯郸十校高一下联考）Victorian education minister James Merlino’s announcement that mobile phones will be banned for all students at state primary and secondary schools is certainly a brave move.
　　The policy has come as a direct response to mounting levels of cyberbullying， concerns over distractions and schools struggling with discipline relating to students’ misuse of phones.
　　Students will have to switch off their phones and store them in lockers from the start of the school day until the final bell.In case of an emergency， parents or guardians can reach their children by calling the school.
　　Whether to allow students to use mobile phones in school is certainly a hot topic in education.The Victorian announcement follows a French government ban on mobiles in school.Debates on the issue are also taking place in Denmark， Sweden and the United Kingdom.
　　There is considerable public support for banning mobiles.In our recently conducted survey of more than 2，000 Australian adults， nearly 80% supported a ban on mobile phones in classrooms.Just under one-third supported a complete ban from schools altogether.
　　But while banning phones from classrooms， and from schools altogether， might seem sensible， there are a number of reasons to be cautious.It’s clear we need to carefully consider how we want to make use of digital devices being brought into schools.But previous experience， such as in New York， suggests a complete ban might introduce even more problems.Experience from elsewhere suggests enforcing （实施） a mobile ban in schools may not be as easy as it sounds.
　　The New South Wales government announced a review into the benefits and risks of mobile phone use in schools in June.At the review’s completion， the government said it would only ban mobile phones from the state’s primary schools， leaving secondary schools free to make their own choice.
　　Another example is the ban enforced in New York City from 2006， which was eventually lifted in 2015.The reasons given for this change highlighted several of the concerns the new ban in Victoria will likely face.They include practical difficulties of enforcing a ban in the classroom.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。澳大利亚维多利亚州宣布将在中小学实施手机禁令，可是，作者认为在中小学禁止手机不是一件容易的事。
5.What led to the new policy in Victoria？（　　）
A.Some scientific studies.
B.Some parents’ requests.
C.Some existing problems.
D.Some leaders’ suggestions.
解析：C　细节理解题。根据第二段内容可知，维多利亚州这一政策的出台，是因为手机在中小学导致了很多问题，比如网络欺凌、干扰学习以及学校的管理困难等。
6.What does the author want to show about students’ using mobile phones in Paragraph 4？（　　）
A.Mobile phones do harm to students.
B.Mobile phones benefit students greatly.
C.Many schools are faced with the issue.
D.Many schools have banned mobile phones.
解析：C　推理判断题。本段指出，除了维多利亚州，法国已经发布了禁令，丹麦、瑞典以及英国正在为此辩论不休。
7.What attitude did most Australian adults take towards a complete ban of mobile phones at school？（　　）
A.Supportive.　　B.Ambiguous.
C.Doubtful.　　D.Negative.
解析：D　观点态度题。根据第五段可知，在该项调查中，只有不到三分之一的澳大利亚成年人支持在校园彻底禁止手机。
8.What can we infer from the last two paragraphs？（　　）
A.It’s very difficult to ban mobile phones at school.
B.A mobile ban will be carried out in American schools.
C.Mobile phones will be banned in all Australian schools.
D.It’s easier to carry out a mobile ban at secondary schools.
解析：A　细节理解题。根据最后两段可知，澳大利亚新南威尔士州只是在小学禁止了手机，而美国纽约的学校2006年开始实施手机禁令，却在2015年又取消了禁令。由此可知，在中小学禁止手机不是一件容易的事。
Ⅱ.完形填空
　　（2024·六盘水高一下质检）André was born in a poor family in Guatemala.In Guatemala， less than 1 percent of kids have 　9　 to a university education.Yet André always had this unusual desire to go to college.
　　André 　10　 the goal to go to one of the best universities in Guatemala City.Everybody told him： “Come on， André.That is a（n） 　11　 dream.”
　　But André was focused.There was just one problem： He had no 　12　.So André got creative.“I 　13　 about fifteen embassies in Guatemala and asked if they had any scholarships.None of them did.”
　　When none of his 　14　 worked， André took the admissions exams to the three best universities in Guatemala City， hoping that if he did well， something good might happen.
　　One of the schools he 　15　 is Francisco Marroquín University （UFM）.An admissions officer， Mónica， 　16　：
　　“My team and I were so 　17　 with André that at the end of the 　18　 we told him，‘André， you are accepted.’
　　“I 　19　 him saying，‘Oh， thanks， now I can go back to my small village and tell everybody about the news 　20　.But you must know that I can’t 　21　 it， so you can use my space to accept someone else.’
　　“‘Don’t worry， André.You will be the first one 　22　 into our new scholarship program， and it will pay for everything.Congratulations！’
　　“André could have 　23　 about all the obstacles he faced.Instead he focused on the things he could control — his attitude and his goal.”
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。André来自一个极其贫困的家庭，他通过个人的顽强努力，最终实现了自己的大学梦。
9. A.condition　　 B.access
C.situation　　 D.honour
解析：B　在危地马拉，只有不到百分之一的孩子有机会接受大学教育。access指“（使用某物或接近某人的）机会或权利”。
10. A.put　　 B.make
C.set　　 D.reach
解析：C　André确立了要上危地马拉市最好大学之一的目标。set a goal是固定搭配。
11. A.impossible　　 B.interesting
C.practical　　 D.popular
解析：A　根据下文But André was focused.可知，周围的人都反对André，认为那是不可能实现的梦。
12. A.support　　 B.chance
C.action　　 D.money
解析：D　根据下文可知，André给15家大使馆打电话询问是否提供奖学金。由此可知，他面临的问题是缺钱。
13. A.called for　　 B.called up
C.called on　　 D.called off
解析：B　根据下文asked if they had any scholarships可知，André应该是给15家大使馆打电话询问奖学金的事。
14. A.dreams　　 B.friends
C.goals　　 D.methods
解析：D　当André所有争取奖学金的方法都无效后，他参加了三所危地马拉市最好大学的入学考试。
15. A.looked for　　 B.allowed for
C.applied to　　 D.referred to
解析：C　Francisco Marroquín University是André当时报考的大学之一。apply to表示“申请”。
16. A.recalls　　 B.suggests
C.insists　　 D.demands
解析：A　这里是招生官员Mónica回想当时的情形。
17. A.familiar　　 B.curious
C.concerned　　 D.impressed
解析：D　这里的impressed是一个形容词，表示“留下深刻印象的”。
18. A.exam　　 B.interview
C.contest　　 D.meeting
解析：B　根据下句André， you are accepted.可知，这里是在讲述一次面试。
19. A.remember　　 B.imagine
C.indicate　　 D.remind
解析：A　招生官员Mónica记得André当时说了下面的话。
20. A.gradually　　 B.casually
C.proudly　　 D.regularly
解析：C　由于André被成功录取，他应该是打算自豪地向家乡的人告知这一消息。
21. A.afford　　 B.receive
C.confirm　　 D.determine
解析：A　根据上文可知，André面临的问题是缺钱，因此他会说“I can’t afford it”。
22. A.requested　　 B.invited
C.accepted　　 D.refused
解析：C　根据下文的Congratulations！可知，André不但被成功录取，而且免学费。
23. A.complained　　 B.heard
C.argued　　 D.commented
解析：A　André本来可以像很多人一样抱怨自己的艰难处境。
Ⅲ.应用文写作
　　你校正在组织英语作文比赛。请你以The Virtue I Value Most为题写一篇短文参赛，内容包括：
　　1.你最珍视的美德是什么；
　　2.说明原因；
　　3.呼吁大家发扬这一美德。
注意：1.写作词数应为80左右；
2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
The Virtue I Value Most
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
参考范文：
The Virtue I Value Most
　　There are many virtues we should value to live a meaningful life， such as kindness， wisdom， courage， justice and so on.However， what I value most is honesty.
　　As the saying goes，“Honesty is the best policy.” This is absolutely true.As one of the core socialist values， honesty is the fundamental factor on which all human relationships are based.Without honesty， our society will be filled with lies and fake products.As a result， nobody can be trusted and nothing can be achieved.
　　My fellow students， let’s always be honest.An honest person will win friends， an honest company will win customers， and an honest country will win the respect from the whole world.
Ⅳ.读后续写
　　阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
　　The concept of comfort zone refers to a psychological state in which we feel safe and do not experience anxiety or fear.It is a “space” that we know completely and in which we control almost everything.
　　Your comfort zone represents things you’re familiar with， your regular haunts， friends you’re at ease with， and activities you love doing.Your comfort zone’s risk free.It’s easy.It doesn’t cause you to stretch.Within these boundaries， we feel safe and secure.
　　During my senior year in college， I was short of a few credits， and so I skimmed through the class schedule looking for something to fill the hours.When I came across “Private Voice Instruction”， as in singing lessons， I thought， “Why not step outside my comfort zone and give it a try？”
　　I was careful to sign up for private lessons instead of group lessons because I didn’t want to make a fool of myself by singing in front of other students.
　　Things went fine until the end of the semester when my singing professor brought the shocking news.“By the way， Sean， have you decided which song you want to sing at the recital？” “What do you mean？” I asked in horror.
　　“Well， the class requirements state that you have to sing at least one time in front of the other private voice students.”
　　“That would not be a good idea，” I said emphatically.
　　“Oh， it’s no big deal.You’ll do fine.”
　　Well， to me it was a huge deal.The thought of singing in front of a group made me physically sick.“How am I going to get out of this one？” I thought.But I couldn’t allow myself to do that because I had been speaking to various groups over the past year advising them to never let fears make their decisions.Now ...I was up to bat.
　　“Courage， Sean.” I kept rehearsing in my mind.“You’ve got to at least try.”
注意：1.续写词数应为150左右；
2.请按如下格式作答。
　　That frightening day finally arrived.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　I left the classroom as if a heavy load had been lifted.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
参考范文：
　　That frightening day finally arrived.As I entered the classroom， I kept trying to convince myself， “Just cheer up， OK？ This can’t be that bad.” Now it was my turn.As I stood in front of the class， which was far away from my comfort zone， I kept repeating to myself，“Courage！ Relax！ Take it easy！ Just perform your best！” It turned out that I did such a great job that all the students applauded my performance warmly.
　　I left the classroom as if a heavy load had been lifted.Although that experience nearly killed me， I felt a great sense of personal accomplishment on my way home.I was so proud of myself and I frankly didn’t care what anyone else thought about my performance.What really mattered was that I had survived.Stepping out of your comfort zone will never be easy， but afterward you’ll always be glad you did it.
17 / 17Section Ⅲ　Discovering Useful Structures
动词-ing形式作宾语补足语和状语
①...if they entrust me with that life， how could I refuse that trust， saying I’m cold， hungry， or tired？
②“Why should girls learn so much？ Finding a good husband should be their final goal！” her brother complained， thinking of the high tuition fees.
③Thinking of all the people still in need of help， Dr Lin opened a private clinic.
④At times she was even seen riding a donkey to faraway villages to provide medical care.
⑤The new People’s Republic of China saw Dr Lin Qiaozhi playing a key role.
【我的发现】
（1）动词-ing形式作状语的句子为句　①②③　。
（2）动词-ing形式作宾语补足语的句子为句　⑤　。
（3）动词-ing形式作主语补足语的句子为句　④　。
一、动词-ing形式作宾语补足语
动词-ing形式置于某些及物动词和宾语之后，补充说明宾语的动作或状态。在这种情况下，及物动词通常是表示感觉和心理状态的动词或使役动词。
When we returned to the school， we found a stranger standing at the entrance.
当我们回到学校时，我们发现一个陌生人站在大门口。
I felt somebody patting me on the shoulder.
我感觉到有人在拍我的肩膀。
1.在感官动词后作宾语补足语
在see、 hear、 feel、 watch、 notice等感官动词后，用动词-ing形式构成复合宾语，表示一个正在进行的主动动作，强调一个过程或一种状态。
In the crowded café， I heard a friendly voice saying， “You can share my table.”
在这个拥挤的咖啡馆，我听到一个友好的声音说：“你可以和我坐在一桌。”
Suddenly we heard someone knocking gently on the window.
我们忽然听见有人在轻轻地敲窗户。
名师点津
在see、 hear、 feel、 watch、 notice等感官动词后，既可用动词-ing形式构成复合宾语，也可用省略to的动词不定式构成复合宾语，两者之间有一定的区别。用动词-ing形式时，表示动作正在进行；用省略to的动词不定式时，表示动作的完成，即动作的全过程结束了。
Today on my way home， I saw a man running along the street hurriedly.
今天我在回家的路上，看到一个男人正匆忙地从街上跑过。
I saw him enter the room and take something away.
我看到他进入房间，并拿着东西离开了。
All his attention was fixed on the movie， so he didn’t even notice the boss enter the room.
他所有的注意力都集中在电影上，所以他甚至没有注意到老板进了房间。
2.在使役动词后作宾语补足语
使役动词 have、 keep、 get、 leave等接动词-ing形式作宾语补足语，表示“让……一直做某事”。
It’s cold.We should have the fire burning all the time.
天气冷。我们本应该让火一直燃烧着。
I’m sorry to have kept you waiting for so long.
对不起，让你等了这么久。
名师点津
（1）have/get＋宾语＋done意为“让别人去做某事”。
He will have/get the computer repaired tomorrow.
他明天让人给他修电脑。
（2）have＋宾语＋do sth意为“让某人去做某事”。
Mother has me go to the shop to buy some fruit.
妈妈让我去商店买一些水果。
（3）leave （使……处于某种状态）、 keep （使……保持某种状态）后一般跟分词作补语，而不跟动词不定式。
The firm went broke and left her looking for a new job.
公司破产了，促使她一直在找新工作。
【即时演练1】　单句语法填空
①Mr Smith suggested a good way to have her written English 　improved　 （improve） in a short period.
②Don’t leave the water 　running　 （run） while you brush your teeth.
③Mother has the little girl 　play　 （play） the piano this afternoon.
④He needed to have some paperwork 　delivered　 （deliver） across the country the next day.
⑤Entering the room， I found Mary 　sitting　 （sit） at the desk and 　playing　 （play） computer games.
3.在with复合结构中的使用
在with复合结构中，动词-ing形式充当宾语补足语，表示动作正在进行。
With the College Entrance Examination drawing near， many of us feel nervous recently.
最近，随着高考的临近，我们中有很多人都感到紧张。
名师点津
在with复合结构中，也可以使用过去分词和动词不定式作宾语补足语。
All the afternoon， he worked with the door locked.
整个下午，他都锁着门在房间里工作。
I can’t go out with all these clothes to wash.
有这些衣服要洗，我无法出去了。
【即时演练2】　单句语法填空
①I love my school with students 　working　 （work） hard to realise their dreams and teachers 　helping　 （help） us like our parents.
②China’s image is improving steadily， with more countries 　recognising　 （recognise） its role in international affairs.
③With Christmas 　approaching　 （approach）， a Christmas party will be held in the school.
二、动词-ing形式作状语
　　动词-ing形式可以作状语，修饰动词，在句中表示时间、原因、结果、让步、方式或伴随状况、条件等。动词-ing形式作时间、原因、条件、让步状语时多位于句首；作结果、伴随状语时常位于句末。
1.表示时间
Having made full preparations， we are ready for the examination.
→After we have made full preparations， we are ready for the examination.
我们已经做好了充分准备，现在可以应考了。
2.表示原因
Being ill， he didn’t go to school yesterday.
→Since he was ill， he didn’t go to school yesterday.
由于生病，他昨天没去上学。
3.表示结果
His parents died， leaving him an orphan.
→His parents died and left him an orphan.
他的父母去世了，留下他成了孤儿。
名师点津
动词-ing形式和动词不定式作结果状语时的区别：
①动词-ing形式作结果状语表示自然而然的结果，有时可加thus表示强调；
Newly-built wooden cottages line the street，turning the old town into a dreamland.
新建的小木屋排列在街道两边，使这个古镇变成梦幻般的地方。
②动词不定式作结果状语表示出乎意料的结果，其前常加only表示强调。
The reporter hurried to the airport， only to be told the film stars had left.
那个记者急匆匆赶到机场，却被告知电影明星们已经离开了。
4.表示让步
Being tired， they went on working.
→Although they were tired， they went on working.
尽管很累了，可他们继续工作。
5.表示方式或伴随状况
He lay on the grass， staring at the sky for a long time.
→He lay on the grass and stared at the sky for a long time.
他躺在草地上，长时间地望着天空。
6.表示条件
Going straight down the road， you will find the department store.
→If you go straight down the road， you will find the department store.
顺着这条路一直走，你就会发现那家百货商店。
名师点津
动词-ing形式在句中作状语时，其逻辑主语必须是主句的主语；如果动词-ing形式的逻辑主语与主句的主语不一致时，应在动词-ing形式前加上其独立的逻辑主语，这便构成了动词-ing形式的独立主格结构，该结构在句中常作时间状语、伴随状语、原因状语、条件状语等。
The last bus having gone， we had to walk home.
末班车已经开走了， 我们不得不走回家。（having gone的逻辑主语是the last bus， 而不是we）
Weather permitting， the football match will be held on Friday.
天气允许的话，足球赛将在周五举行。（permitting的逻辑主语是weather，而不是the football match）
【即时演练3】　单句语法填空
①　Having finished　 （finish） his homework， he was playing on the playground.
②　Knowing　 （know） that you are interested in it， I’m pleased to tell relevant information to you.
③More highways have been built in China， 　making　 （make） it much easier for people to travel from one place to another.
④　Working　 （work） hard at your lessons， you are to succeed.
⑤　Having worked　 （work） abroad for twenty years， the old man is on the way back to his motherland.
⑥　Being　 （be） responsible， honest and selfless， he is respected by everyone.
三、动词-ing形式作状语的注意事项
1.动词-ing形式的时态
动词-ing形式作状语时，要注意动词-ing形式的时间性，是用动词-ing形式的一般式（doing）还是用完成式（having done）。
（1）当动词-ing形式的动作与谓语动词的动作同时发生时，用一般式。
Walking in the street， I met an old friend of mine.（walking与谓语动词met同时发生）
走在大街上时，我遇到了一位老朋友。
（2）当动词-ing形式的动作先发生，而谓语动词的动作后发生时，用完成式。
Having lived in Beijing for many years， Carter knew the city well.（Having lived是先发生，knew是后发生）
因为在北京住了多年，卡特对这个城市很熟悉。
2.动词-ing形式的否定式：not＋doing； not having＋done
Not knowing the way， he got lost.
由于不认路，他迷路了。
Not having made full preparations， we put off the sports meeting.
因为没有做好充分的准备，我们把运动会推迟了。
3.独立成分作状语
有些动词-ing形式作状语在句中没有逻辑上的主语而独立存在，其形式的选择不受上下文的影响，表明说话者的态度、观点等，被称为评注性状语。常见的有：
providing如果
supposing假设，如果
honestly speaking说实话
generally speaking一般来说
strictly speaking严格来说
judging from/by根据……来判断
considering/taking ...into cosideration考虑到……
Honestly speaking， if you put your heart and soul into learning， English is not that difficult for you.
说实话，如果你全身心地投入学习中，英语对你来说就没那么难了。
Judging from her reaction， she liked the birthday present.
从她的反应来看，她喜欢这份生日礼物。
【即时演练4】　单句语法填空
①　Having been warned　 （warn） by the teacher， the students didn’t make such mistakes.
②　Having failed　 （fail） many times， he didn’t lose heart.
③　Having dressed　 （dress） up， we went out to have some good local food and enjoy the celebrations.
④Generally 　speaking　 （speak）， women are more patient than men.
operation n.手术；企业；经营
【教材原句】　During the operation， she sat in the waiting room for over an hour worrying about him.
手术期间，她在候诊室里坐了一个多小时，为他担心。
【用法】
（1）perform an operation on sb　给某人做手术 put sth into operation　　实施；运行 （2）operate vt.& vi.　　操作；运转；动手术 operate on　　给……动手术
【佳句】　①The nurse tended the boy so carefully that he recovered from his heart operation soon.
护士细心照料这个男孩，使得他心脏手术后不久就康复了。
②The company will put its new marketing strategy into operation next month.
这家公司下个月将实施新的营销策略。
【练透】　单句语法填空
①Charles was at the clinic， recovering from an 　operation　 （operate） on his arm.
②To our great joy， the new machine is easy 　to operate　 （operate）.
【写美】　完成句子
③It’s a wonderful plan， and he is just the man 　to put it into operation　.
这是一个绝妙的计划，而他正是实施这个计划的人。
④The trainees are learning 　how to operate the new computer software　.
学员们正在学习如何操作新的计算机软件。
whisper vi.& vt.悄声说；耳语；低语n.耳语（声）；低语（声）；传言；谣传
【教材原句】　I saw her whispering something into his ear， obviously not wanting to be heard.
我看见她对他耳语了几句，显然不想被其他人听见。
【用法】
（1）whisper to sb　　 　对某人耳语 whisper sth in/into one’s ear　　在某人耳边低声说某事 （2）　　低声说
【佳句】　He tried whispering in/into his father’s ear in the hope of waking him up.
他试图在父亲耳边低语，希望能把他唤醒。
【练透】　单句语法填空
①When I came in， I saw Linda 　whispering　 （whisper） to her classmate.
②They sat at the back of the room， talking in 　whispers　 （whisper）.
【写美】　完成句子
③In the wedding ceremony， Jack 　whispered to her　 so that no one else would hear.
在婚礼上，杰克低声对她说话，以免别人听到。
assist vt.帮助；援助
【教材原句】　Despite the difficult situation， Dr Bethune did whatever he could to assist the Chinese people.
尽管处境艰难，白求恩大夫尽其所能帮助中国人民。
【用法】
　　帮助某人做某事 （2）assistance n.　　援助；帮助 come to one’s assistance　　帮助某人
【佳句】　John was quite pleased to assist Bernard in making and selling popcorn in the market.With the assistance of John， Bernard’s popcorn sold well.
约翰非常高兴帮助伯纳德在市场上制作和售卖爆米花。在约翰的帮助下，伯纳德的爆米花卖得很好。
【练透】　单句语法填空
①I am grateful to my headteacher who always assists me 　in/with　 my learning.
②I hope you can come to my 　assistance　 （assist） in this problem and thank you in advance.
【写美】　一句多译
③我喜欢做家务。我总是在饭后帮助父母洗碗。
→I love doing housework.I always 　assist my parents in doing the dishes　 after meals.
→I love doing housework.I always 　assist my parents to do the dishes　 after meals.
in memory of作为对……的纪念
【教材原句】　After Dr Bethune’s death， Chairman Mao Zedong wrote an article in memory of him ...
白求恩大夫去世后，毛泽东主席写了一篇文章纪念他……
【用法】
in honour of　　　　　纪念；向……表示敬意 in search of　　寻找 in charge of　　负责；掌管 in need of　　需要
【佳句】　①Youth Day is celebrated on 4 May every year in memory of the Youth Movement in 1919.为纪念1919年的青年运动，每年的五月四日庆祝青年节。
②Scientists are in search of a cure for the disease.科学家们想研究出治疗这种疾病的方法。
【练透】　选用上面短语填空
①The manager coming from Italy is 　in charge of　 the company.
②People celebrate the Dragon Boat Festival 　in memory/honour of　 Qu Yuan， who was a famous Chinese poet.
【写美】　完成句子
③Many Chinese universities provide scholarships for students 　in need of financial aid　.
许多中国大学为需要经济援助的学生提供奖学金。
维度一：基础题型练
1.　Having been taught　 （teach） many times， he still looked puzzled.
2.What’s more， when 　enjoying　 （enjoy） the meal， you need to avoid making a noise.
3.He had a wonderful childhood， 　travelling　 （travel） with his mother to all corners of the world.
4.She was just about to sit down when she felt something 　moving　 （move） near her feet.
5.　Having finished　 （finish） his homework， the little boy began to play Internet games.
6 Tom slowly walked away， 　complaining　 （complain） about the cold weather.
7.The mother had the boy 　cleaning　 （clean） the room the whole afternoon.
8.Hurry up！ You shouldn’t keep your friends 　waiting　 （wait） for such a long time.
9.The teacher criticized him because he was caught 　cheating　 （cheat） on the exam.
10.　 Hearing　 （hear） that you will come to China as an exchange student， I want to express a warm welcome to you.
11.What’s worse， some tourists even carved their names on the walls， 　making　 （make） me heartbroken.
12.　Knowing　 （know） that you are interested in Chinese folk music， I’d like to invite you to attend a concert.
13.The villagers saw the fire 　burning　 brightly in the distance.When they hurried there， they found some houses 　burned/burnt　 to the ground already.（burn）
维度二：语法与写作
1.　Knowing you are interested in traditional Chinese culture　， I feel very proud.
得知你对中国传统文化感兴趣，我感到很骄傲。
2.　With time going by/As time goes by　， people’s awareness of environmental protection is raised.
随着时间的流逝，人们的环保意识提高了。
3.Families will enjoy mooncakes on Mid-Autumn Day， 　admiring the moon together　.
每家每户都会在中秋节吃月饼，并一起赏月。
4.On the bank of the river， we 　found him lying on a bench　， with his eyes fixed on a kite in the sky.
在河岸上，我们发现他躺在长凳上，眼睛盯着空中的风筝。
5.The scientist is explaining how to do the experiment， 　with many students surrounding him　.
这位科学家正在解释如何做实验，很多学生围在他身边。
6.　Seeing from the top of the tower　， we can get a wonderful view of the city.
从塔顶上看，我们可以一览这座城市的美景。
7.He suddenly woke up at midnight when he 　heard someone knocking at the door　.
在午夜当他听到有人敲门时，他突然醒来。
8.You can’t 　have your son studying all day long at the weekend　.
你不能让你的儿子周末整天都待在家里学习。
维度三：语法与语篇
　　结合本单元所学语法，根据汉语提示完成下面语段。
　　On our way home， we 1.　saw a big branch lying on the road　 （看到一个大树枝躺在马路上）.2.　Considering it might cause some trouble　 （考虑到它可能会带来麻烦）， we decided to move it away.3.　With some passers-by helping us　 （在一些过路人的帮助下）， we succeeded in removing it.4.　Seeing what we had done　 （看到我们的所作所为）， many people applauded warmly.
维度四：语法填空
　　Mary Smith looked at the beautiful ripe plums （梅子）.They would make lovely jam.After she had finished 1.　cooking　 （cook）， she filled all her empty jam jars， 2.　leaving　 （leave） the rest of the jam in the pan.She would put it in the fridge when it was cooler.But just then the telephone rang.3.　Having learned/learnt　 （learn） that her mother was in hospital after a car accident， Mary picked up her bag and ran out of the house.
　　Some days later， her husband， John， came home from a business trip.He had been travelling all day and felt like 4.　having　 （have） a drink and a piece of cake.5.　Entering　 （enter） the kitchen， he saw a pan with a dark red mess inside it.He lifted it up and smelled it.It smelled horrible.6.　Thinking　 （think） Mary must have forgotten to clean this pan， he poured all the jam into the chicken yard and cleaned the pan.Then 7.　feeling　 （feel） comfortable， he began to eat a piece of cake.
　　When Mary returned， she noticed the chickens 8.　behaving　 （behave） strangely.They were running round the yard as if they were sick.She saw the dark red mess on the ground and went closer.9.　Seeing　 （see） a plum stone， she went into the kitchen.Her husband was at the table 10.　reading　 （read） a newspaper.Angrily， Mary rushed up to him shouting “You threw away my jam！” Her husband said，“I’m sorry， but I thought the porridge has gone bad in the hot weather.”
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
　　（2024·南京高一下质检）What do you want to keep and what do you want to let go？
　　Next week， total strangers will bring a truck to our door and take away everything we own， except the clothes on our backs， the car we will drive 500 miles to our new home， and as much stuff as we can pack in it.
　　It’s called moving.Some people do it often.For others， like me， it’s a rare and serious adventure.In all my adult years I’ve moved only three times.
　　My first husband and I moved into our first house with a bed， our clothes and a few wedding gifts.That was a lifetime ago.
　　Then the kids grew up， we lost their dad to cancer and I began to learn about letting go.
　　First， I let go of the illusion of being in control.Life isn’t about being in charge of what happens.It’s about being in charge of what we do with it.
　　Next， I let go of putting off until “tomorrow” things I care most about： keeping in touch， saying I love you， and being truly and fully aware and alive.
　　I let go of the kind of people who cling to anger or hatred， and tried instead to surround myself with those who shine with kindness and grace.
　　Finally， I let go of being alone.And then， when I fell in love， remarried and moved out of state with my new husband， I let go of more stuff than I kept.
　　We will all move someday from this world to the next.And we won’t need a truck to do it.We’ll take nothing with us and leave behind a memory of the life we lived， the mistakes we made， and all the love and kindness we tried to show.
语篇解读：本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者通过自己的亲身经历，告诫我们要学会放下。
1.What will happen to the author the next week？（　　）
A.She will sell her old furniture.
B.She will travel to a new place.
C.She will move to a new house.
D.She will decorate her old house.
解析：C　细节理解题。根据第二、三段可知，作者下周将要搬家。
2.What made the author begin to let go？（　　）
A.Her first wedding.
B.Her having cancer.
C.Her first husband’s death.
D.Her kids’ growing up.
解析：C　细节理解题。根据第五段可知，作者的第一任丈夫因癌症去世后，作者开始学会放下。
3.What change did the author make to her life？（　　）
A.She got wealthier.
B.She became lonelier.
C.She bought more things.
D.She contacted others more.
解析：D　推理判断题。根据第七段可知，作者开始珍惜生活中那些真正重要的事物，并及时去做，不再拖延。
4.What message does the author want to convey by writing the text？（　　）
A.Just learn to give up.
B.Value whatever you have.
C.Welcome the new change.
D.Possess as much as you can.
解析：A　推理判断题。综合全文可知，作者结合自己的人生经历，学会了放下。最后一段是本文的核心思想所在，作者认为我们离开这个世界时什么都带不走，留下的只有回忆。let go 是本文的关键词。
B
　　（2024·烟台高一下月考）A paradigm is the way you see something； it’s your point of view， frame of reference， or belief.Sometimes our paradigms are way off the mark， and， as a result， they create limitations.For instance， you may be convinced that you don’t have what it takes to get into college.But， remember Ptolemy was just as convinced that the Earth was the center of the universe.
　　And think about the teen who believes she can’t get along with her stepdad.If that is her paradigm， is she likely to ever get along with him？ Probably not， because that belief will hold her back from really trying.
　　Paradigms are like glasses.As a result， what you see is what you get.If you believe you’re dumb， that very belief will make you dumb.Or， if you believe your little sister is dumb， you’ll look for evidence to support your belief and find it， and she’ll remain dumb in your eyes.On the other hand， if you believe you’re smart， that belief will cast a rosy colour on everything you do.
　　A teen named Kristi once shared with me how much she loved the beauty of the mountains.One day she went to visit her eye doctor and， to her surprise， discovered that her sight was much worse than she had thought.After putting in her new contacts （隐形眼镜）， she was astonished at how well she could see.As she put it，“I realised that the mountains and trees and even the signs on the side of the road have more details than I had ever imagined.It was the strangest thing.I didn’t know how bad my eyes were until I experienced how good they could be.” That’s often the way it is.We don’t know how much we’re missing because we have messed up paradigms.
语篇解读：本文是一篇议论文。文中提到的paradigm指一种思维定式或思维模式，它往往会限制我们的行为和行动的结果。
5.What does the underlined phrase “way off the mark” in the first paragraph probably mean？（　　）
A.Not popular.　　B.Not practical.
C.Not accurate.　　D.Not important.
解析：C　词义猜测题。根据下文可知，我们特定的思维模式会导致局限性。由此可知，它们是“不准确的”。
6.What is the third paragraph mainly about？（　　）
A.The importance of our beliefs.
B.The problems with paradigms.
C.Our beliefs help us achieve more.
D.Our paradigms help us see better.
解析：A　段落大意题。根据第三段可知，本段作者主要强调我们有什么样的信仰和认知，往往就会有什么样的结果。
7.What made Kristi feel surprised？（　　）
A.That her eyes were so bad.
B.The clear views that she saw.
C.That her eyes are actually good.
D.The high quality of the new contacts.
解析：B　细节理解题。根据最后一段可知，Kristi换上新的隐形眼镜后看到了更清晰的风景和世界，这让她非常吃惊。
8.What does the author intend to tell us by Kristi’s story？（　　）
A.We are limited by our paradigms.
B.Our success is based on great tools.
C.Paradigms can benefit us sometimes.
D.We can achieve more with some help.
解析：A　推理判断题。根据最后一段内容可知，Kristi原来形成的认知是自己的眼睛不行、只能看到模糊的世界，后来借助隐形眼镜发现原来可以看到更清晰的世界。结合上文可知，作者想传递的信息是：我们固有的认知会限制我们的发展。
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
　　（2024·郑州高一下期末）If you have got your driving license， congratulations！You have joined the millions of new drivers already behind the wheel.9.（　　） Don’t worry； these feelings are normal.
　　Here are a few tips to keep you safe.
　　Know your limits.When you were a kid and first learned how to ride a bike， you probably started out with the basics.10.（　　） As a new driver， the key is to make sure you are extra-careful and practicing safe driving habits.You might notice older friends and relatives doing something risky — like speeding up instead of slowing down at a yellow light.But when a new driver does it， it’s very dangerous.
　　11.（　　） This includes you and every passenger wearing a seatbelt at all times， coming to a complete stop at all red lights and stop signs， obeying speed limits， knowing when to yield （让路）， etc.
　　Avoid distractions.When you first start driving， it’s a good idea to avoid taking friends along with you.While you’re a new driver， driving with friends can be distracting and can increase the risk of a crash.12.（　　） Other things that can distract any driver include talking on the phone， eating， putting on make-up， and listening to loud music.And it should go without saying — no texting！
　　Know other people’s limits.You aren’t the only person you have to be responsible for on the road — there are aggressive and careless drivers of all ages and driving experiences.Their presence on the road means it’s not enough to make sure that you follow all the rules of the road.13.（　　）
A.Obey all traffic rules.
B.Be as careful as possible.
C.Driving a car can be similar indeed.
D.Always keep in mind that safety comes first.
E.You also have to watch out for people who don’t.
F.You’re probably feeling excited， nervous， or possibly scared.
G.With more experience， driving with friends can become less stressful.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。安全驾驶的重要性不言而喻，本文是写给那些刚拿到驾照者的一些驾驶建议。
9.F　下文说“这些感觉很正常”，这里暗示我们此处在叙述一些感受，故F项符合语境。
10.C　上文在叙述小孩学自行车的情况，下文在谈论驾车的情况，C项承上启下，符合语境。
11.A　本段所提到的系安全带、不超速等都是一些交通规则，A项符合语境。
12.G　上文主要告诉我们驾车时带上朋友的危险性，G项符合语境，说明随着驾驶经验的增加这种情况会逐渐好转。
13.E　上文指出仅仅你自己遵守交通规则是不够的。那么，此处肯定要告诉我们还应该怎么办，故E项符合语境。
Ⅲ.完形填空
　　（2024·湖州高一下期末）If you had the choice of seeing the world by going on a trip or bettering the world by staying at home and focusing your energies there， which would it be？
　　The island of Islesboro 　14　 three miles off the mainland in America.　15　， Islesboro’s Central School seniors hold fund-raising events to finance a once-in-a-lifetime class 　16　 at the end of their final semester.Former student 　17　 include Paris， Iceland， Norway， and Panama.
　　The Class of 2024 had already 　18　 close to $8，000 in donations by the time their hopes of a journey to Asia were 　19　 by the travel restrictions.With their plans 　20　， the group decided to spend the money they’d earned a whole lot 　21　 to home by reinvesting it in their community.
　　As 18-year-old senior Liefe Temple 　22　， “We could really see how the whole world and the island， too， was struggling.So it felt really 　23　 to do that in this special way — to 　24　 the money to the people who gave it to us.”
　　The students’ earnings were 　25　 to the Island Community Fund in aid of residents whose livelihoods were 　26　 by the pandemic.
　　“There is a strong sense of 　27　 in these students.That is because their 　28　 demonstrated an awareness of the hardship in their community and willingness to do something about it，” the Island Community Fund president Fred Thomas told AP.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。Islesboro是美国的一个小岛，该岛上一所中学毕业班的学生放弃了出国旅游的机会，将所有费用捐给了当地的社区。
14. A.lies　　 B.sets
C.takes　　 D.leaves
解析：A　Islesboro小岛距离美洲大陆3英里远。
15. A.Hopefully　　 B.Traditionally
C.Fortunately　　 D.Eventually
解析：B　按照传统惯例，该岛上中学毕业生要进行资金募集活动。
16. A.trip　　 B.group
C.team　　 D.project
解析：A　这些募集的资金将用于一次班级的旅游。
17. A.activities　　 B.hobbies
C.suggestion　　 D.destinations
解析：D　以前同学们选择的旅游目的地包括巴黎、冰岛、挪威和巴拿马等。
18. A.borrowed　 B.collected
C.managed　　 D.discovered
解析：B　2024届毕业班的同学筹集了将近8，000美元。
19. A.disturbed　　 B.prevented
C.confirmed　　 D.stressed
解析：B　令他们失望的是，他们打算出国旅游的希望由于旅游限制而破灭了。
20. A.decided　　 B.revised
C.cancelled　　 D.introduced
解析：C　由于旅游限制的原因，他们旅游的计划不得不取消。
21. A.closer　　 B.farther
C.cheaper　　 D.shorter
解析：A　他们放弃旅游后，打算将这些钱花在离家更近的地方。
22. A.suggested　　 B.requested
C.demanded　 D.explained
解析：D　18岁的Liefe Temple解释了他们这么做的原因。
23. A.funny　　 B.strange
C.good　　 D.terrible
解析：C　Liefe Temple认为，他们选择捐款的做法令他们感觉很好。
24. A.give back　　 B.take over
C.turn down　　 D.make out
解析：A　这些中学生将募集来的钱又回馈给了当地社区。
25. A.raised　　 B.donated
C.arranged　　 D.delivered
解析：B　他们将这些钱捐赠给了当地社区的基金组织。
26. A.exchanged　　 B.determined
C.controlled　　 D.influenced
解析：D　这一基金专门用来帮助那些生活受流行病影响的居民。
27. A.time　　 B.hope
C.pride　　 D.dream
解析：C　同学们的高尚举动让他们获得一种强烈的自豪感。
28. A.advice　　 B.principle
C.decision　　 D.project
解析：C　同学们所作出的决定，展示出他们对流行病中人们苦难的认识。
Ⅳ.语法填空
　　（2024·陕西四校高一下联考）You are driving along on a wild stormy night.You pass by a bus stop， and see three people 29.　　 （wait） for the bus：（1）An elderly woman who is about 30.　　 （die）；（2）An old friend who once saved your life；（3）The perfect mate you’ve been dreaming about.
　　Which would you choose， knowing there could only be one passenger in your car？ Should you save the elderly woman or take the old friend 31.　　 he once saved your life？ You may never find your perfect dream lover again！
　　This quiz was given to 200 32.　　 （applicant） for a single job.The one who 33.　　 （hire） responded， “I would give the car keys to my friend and let 34.　　 （he） take the elderly woman to the hospital.Then I would stay behind and wait for the bus with the woman of my dreams.”
　　What a brilliant answer！ That’s 35.　　 （exact） what we say “think outside the box”.In other words， we need to think differently， creatively， or 36.　　 a new angle.
　　Thinking outside the box 37.　　 （start） well before we’re “boxed in”— that is， well before we meet a unique situation and start forcing it into a familiar “box” 38.　　 we already know how to deal with.
语篇解读：本文是一篇议论文。面对一道奇怪的面试问题，为何一位求职者能够从200人中脱颖而出呢？
29.waiting　see sb doing sth 是一个固定句式，表示“看见某人正在做某事”。
30.to die　be about to do sth 表示“将要做某事”，这里是说这位老太太即将死亡。
31.because　本空后面的从句表示你应该选择老朋友的原因，应用连词because。
32.applicants　由于有200名求职者，因此应用applicant的复数形式。
33.was hired　由于这名求职者是“被录用”，因此用一般过去时的被动语态。
34.him　let为动词，后面应用人称代词的宾格来作其宾语。
35.exactly　由于本空前面是系动词，因此这里应用副词。
36.from　from a ...angle是固定搭配，表示“从……的角度”。
37.starts　本句为动词-ing短语作主语，且描述一种客观现实，因此用一般现在时。
38.which/that　此处box为先行词，后面是一个定语从句，应用关系代词which/that。
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