【培优方案】UNIT 3　The world of science（讲义）（教师版）外研英语必修第三册

UNIT 3　The world of science
　　　在公共场所使用无线网络可能会泄露我们的个人信息，本文告诉我们应该如何避免这方面的风险。
　　Public Wi-Fi exists almost everywhere， from coffee shops to the hotels and airports you visit while travelling.Wi-Fi has made our lives easier， but it also carries security risks to the personal information we store on our laptops and smartphones.
　　There are basically two kinds of public Wi-Fi networks： the secured and unsecured.An unsecured network can be connected to without any type of security feature like a password.And a secured network generally requires users to agree to certain legal terms， register an account， or type in a password before they connect to the network.It may also require a fee to gain access to the network.
　　Now let’s look at some dos and don’ts when we are using public Wi-Fi.
　　Do connect to secured public networks if necessary.In the event that you’re unable to connect to a secured network， using an unsecured network is allowable temporarily if the connection requires some sort of registration.
　　Don’t access personal bank accounts or sensitive personal data on unsecured public networks.Even secured networks can be risky.Use your best judgement if you must access these accounts through public Wi-Fi.
　　Don’t leave your laptop or smartphone unattended in a public place.Even if you’re working on a secured Wi-Fi network， that won’t stop someone from taking your things or looking at your devices.
　　Don’t shop online when using public Wi-Fi.Shopping online requires personal information like bank accounts.So shopping isn’t something you are supposed to do on an unsecured Wi-Fi network.
　　Do turn off automatic connectivity.Most smartphones and laptops have automatic connectivity settings， which allow you to connect from one hotspot to the next easily.This is a convenient feature， but it can also connect your devices to networks you ordinarily would not use.To be on the safe side， keep these settings off， especially when you’re travelling in unfamiliar places.
【理解】
1.What is Paragraph 2 mainly about？
　The two basic kinds of public Wi-Fi networks.　
2.What does the author advise us to do when we’re using public Wi-Fi？
①　Avoid shopping online.　
②　Keep personal information hidden well.　
③　 Stop someone from looking at our devices.　
【积累】
1.security n.　　　　安全
2.basically adv.　　基本上，大体上
3.register vt.　　登记，注册
4.account n.　　账户
5.unattended adj.　　无人看管的
6.automatic adj.　　自动的
2 / 2Section Ⅲ　Developing ideas
FRANKLIN’S EXPERIMENT①： How Much Is True？
　　Benjamin Franklin’s famous experiment with lightning has introduced generations② of children to science.[1]However， new research suggests that the story may be fiction③ instead of④ fact.
　　[1]本句是主从复合句。其中that引导宾语从句；suggests在此处意为“表明”，其后的宾语从句不需要用虚拟语气。
　　[2]The well-known story is that the American Founding Father and scientist flew a kite⑤ during a storm in 1752.At that time， there was much interest in electricity⑥.[3]People wanted to know if lightning⑦ was really produced by electricity or something else.Franklin was one of them.He raised the kite with a piece of string⑧ tied to⑨ it.A metal⑩ key was attached to the string.A flash of lightning hit the kite， and electricity was conducted through the string to the key.Franklin then touched the key with his finger and got an electric shock .This， he said， proved that lightning was a form of electricity.
　　For many years， schools have taught the story of Franklin’s lightning experiment.More than one generation of schoolchildren has been amazed by his bravery and his scientific approach to looking for the truth.[4]Franklin， along with many other scientists，has inspired us and taught us that scientific experiments are important in order to establish the truth and to contribute towards later scientific discoveries and inventions.
　　[2]本句是主从复合句。其中that引导表语从句。
　　[3]if引导宾语从句，意为“是否”。
　　[4]本句是主从复合句。句中that引导宾语从句；in order to establish the truth and to contribute ...在从句中作目的状语。
　　However， neither the story nor the details of the experiment are entirely true.[5]Although it has been proved that Franklin’s experiment took place ， more than one scientist has questioned what really happened.The detail about the string and the key is true.But scientists all agree that if Franklin had actually touched the key， he would certainly have died from the electric shock.
　　Scientists often question accepted ideas because they want to establish the facts.Some have even questioned the story about the apple that fell on Newton’s head and led him to come up with his theory of gravity .[6]In fact， more than one account suggests that while Newton was certainly inspired by a falling apple， there is no proof that it hit him on the head.
　　Admittedly ， fiction is often more interesting than the truth.People have been more inspired by Franklin’s spirit of scientific exploration than by the facts themselves.[7]But in science， facts should be proved by experiments and research， and we should not always believe everything we read or hear — even if it is a great story.
　　[5]本句是主从复合句。句中Although引导让步状语从句，其中that引导主语从句，it作形式主语；what引导宾语从句。
　　[6]本句是主从复合句。that while Newton ...on the head是that 引导的宾语从句；其中while引导让步状语从句，that it hit him on the head是that 引导的同位语从句。
　　[7]本句是并列复合句。第二个and连接两个并列分句；在第二个分句中，not和always连用表示部分否定，we read or hear是省略了关系代词that的定语从句，修饰先行词everything；even if引导让步状语从句。
【读文清障】
①experiment n.（科学）实验
②generation n.一代人；同辈人
③fiction n.虚构的事，想象的事
④instead of 而不是；代替
⑤fly a kite 放风筝
⑥electricity n.电；电能
electrical adj.电的；用电的；发电的
⑦lightning n.闪电
⑧string n.线；细绳；一串；一系列
v.悬挂；系；扎
⑨tie ...to ...把……系在……上
⑩metal n.金属
attach v.系，绑；贴
be attached to
被固定到/附在……上
flash n.闪光
hit v.（hit， hit）打；击；碰撞
conduct v.传导（热、电）
electric shock 电击，触电
bravery n.勇气
brave adj.勇敢的
approach n.方式；方法；接近
v.靠近；接近
along with 与……一起
scientific adj.科学（上）的
scientific experiment 科学实验
establish v.确定，证实；建立，创立
establishment n.创立；建立；建设
contribute v.贡献；捐赠；捐助
contribute towards 有助于，为……做贡献/捐助
detail n.细节；琐事；消息
entirely adv.完全地，彻底地
entire adj.完全的；整个的
take place 发生
die from 死于
come up with 提出；想出
theory n.学说，理论
gravity n.重力，引力
account n.记述，描述
v.认为是；视为
　account for 解释；说明
proof n.证明，证据
prove v.证明，证实
admittedly adv.诚然，确实
spirit n.精神，心灵；情绪，心境
exploration n.探索；探究；探测
explore v.探索；探究；探测
【参考译文】
富兰克林的实验：有多少是真的？
　　本杰明·富兰克林关于闪电的著名实验已引领一代又一代的儿童迈入科学世界。然而，新的研究显示，这个故事可能是虚构的，而并非事实。
　　这一广为人知的故事讲述了这位美国的开国元勋和科学家在1752年的一场暴风雨中放风筝的经历。那时，不少人对电感兴趣。人们想知道闪电是否真的由电产生，还是另有源头。富兰克林就是其中之一。他在风筝上系了一根细绳，把风筝放上天，细绳上绑着一把金属钥匙。闪电击中风筝，电流通过绳子传导到钥匙上，富兰克林随即用手指触碰钥匙，感受到了电击。他说，这一实验证明了闪电是电的一种形式。
　　许多年来，富兰克林闪电实验的故事一直是学校的教学内容之一。数代学生都叹服于富兰克林的勇气与追寻真理时采用的科学手段。富兰克林与许多其他科学家激励并教导我们科学实验对于推定真理与推动科学发现及发明而言都至关重要。
　　然而，不管是故事本身还是实验细节都并非完全属实。虽然已证实富兰克林的这一实验确有其事，不少科学家还是对事实真相提出了质疑。使用细绳和钥匙这一细节是真实的，但科学家们一致认为，如果富兰克林真的碰到了钥匙，他必定会被电死。
　　科学家们常常对已被人们接受的观点提出质疑，以求证事实。一些科学家甚至也怀疑过牛顿的故事：一个苹果掉下来砸中了牛顿的脑袋，促使他提出了万有引力定律。事实上，不止一处资料显示，虽然牛顿的灵感确实来源于一个掉落的苹果，但没有证据表明这个苹果恰巧砸在了他的脑袋上。
诚然，虚构常常比事实更为有趣。人们更多是为富兰克林的科学探索精神所激励，而非事实本身。但在科学领域，能被实验与研究所证明的东西才算作事实，我们不应全盘相信我们读到或听到的事——即使它是一个精彩的故事。
第一步：析架构理清脉络
第二步：知细节明察秋毫
1.What is the text mainly about？（　　）
A.Whether the story of Franklin’s experiment is true or not.
B.The aim of Franklin’s experiment.
C.The procedure of Franklin’s experiment.
D.The effect of Franklin’s experiment.
2.From the first two paragraphs， what do we know about the experiment？（　　）
A.Only Franklin wanted to know the relation between electricity and lightning.
B.Franklin taught many children about his findings in different schools.
C.People had already known the cause of lightning before Franklin’s experiment.
D.As a scientist， Franklin was admired for his attitude to science.
3.What are people inspired by in Franklin’s story？（　　）
A.His bravery and scientific approach.
B.The kite with a key tied to the string.
C.The stormy weather with lightning.
D.His touching on the metal key.
4.What’s the author’s attitude towards the story of Franklin’s experiment？（　　）
A.Doubtful.　　　　　 B.Curious. C.Supportive.　 D.Not mentioned.
5.What is TRUE about Newton’s story？（　　）
A.The scientists saw the apple falling on Newton’s head.
B.Scientists like to question everything around them.
C.Everyone can prove the apple really hit Newton on the head.
D.The falling apple inspired Newton to think deeply about the reason.
答案：1－5　ADAAD
第三步：品语言妙笔生辉
Read the passage carefully and find the sentence describing the mood.
　More than one generation of schoolchildren has been amazed by his bravery and his scientific approach to looking for the truth.　
第四步：拓思维品质提升
1.In your opinion， what qualities should a great scientist have？
　Persistence， devotion and interest.　
2.In what ways do scientists contribute to society？
　Firstly， scientific discoveries promote the development of our society.Secondly， the contributions of scientists in medicine extend our lifespan.Thirdly， scientists have invented a lot of surprising tools that fundamentally improve our living standards.　
第五步：析难句表达升级
1.Although it has been proved that Franklin’s experiment took place， more than one scientist has questioned what really happened.
句式分析 本句为主从复合句。Although it has been proved that Franklin’s experiment took place为Although引导的　让步状语　从句，该从句中it为　形式主语　，that Franklin’s experiment took place为　真正的主语　；what really happened为what引导的　宾语　从句。
自主翻译 　虽然已证实富兰克林的这一实验确有其事，不少科学家还是对事实真相提出了质疑。　
2.But in science， facts should be proved by experiments and research， and we should not always believe everything we read or hear — even if it is a great story.
句式分析 本句为并列复合句。and前的分句为简单句；and后的分句为复合句，we read or hear为省略关系代词　that　的　定语　从句，修饰先行词　everything　；even if it is a great story为even if引导的　让步状语　从句。
自主翻译 　但在科学领域，能被实验与研究所证明的东西才算作事实，我们不应全盘相信我们读到或听到的事——即使它是一个精彩的故事。　
Part Ⅰ　核心词汇集释
declaration n.声明，宣告
【教材原句】　Benjamin Franklin （1706－1790） was one of the Founding Fathers of the United States and helped draft the Declaration of Independence and the US Constitution.
本杰明·富兰克林（1706－1790年）是美国开国元勋之一，并帮助起草了《独立宣言》和《美国宪法》。
【用法】
declare v.　 宣布，宣称；声明 declare war on ...　　对……宣战 declare against/for　　声明反对/支持…… declare sb/sth （to be） ＋名词/形容词宣布某人/事为…… declare ...open/closed　　宣布……开始/结束
【佳句】　The museum has a copy of the country’s Declaration of Independence.
这家博物馆珍藏着该国的一份《独立宣言》。
【练透】　单句语法填空
①When they asked him for his opinion， he declared strongly 　against　 the policy，which made them unhappy.
②In 1939， Hitler declared war 　on　 Poland， which started the Second World War.
【写美】　补全句子
③The instant the ceremony 　was declared open　， all the students in our school burst into cheers.
仪式一宣布开始，我校全体学生就欢呼起来。
attach v.系，绑；贴；使依恋；重视
【教材原句】　A metal key was attached to the string.细绳上绑着一把金属钥匙。
【用法】
（1）attach sth to ...　把某物连接到/附在……上 attach oneself to ...　　依附……；缠着…… attach importance/significance/value to ... 重视；认为……重要/有意义/有价值 （2）attached adj.　　喜爱的；依恋的；附属的 be attached to　　被连接到……；爱慕；附属于 （3）attachment n.　　附件，附属物
【佳句】　Chinese people attach great importance to the seating order at formal dinners.
中国人非常重视在正式宴会上的座次排序。
【练透】　单句语法填空
①You can send an email with a sound as an 　attachment　 （attach）.
②After graduation，he has been working in a hospital， which is attached 　to　 the medical college nearby.
【写美】　补全句子
③She found a box lying on the table 　with a card attached to　 it， saying “Happy birthday”.
她发现桌子上放着一个盒子，盒子上贴着一张卡片，写着“生日快乐”。
along with 与……一起
【教材原句】　Franklin， along with many other scientists，has inspired us and taught us that scientific experiments are important in order to establish the truth and to contribute towards later scientific discoveries and inventions.
富兰克林与许多其他科学家激励并教导我们科学实验对于推定真理与推动科学发现及发明而言都至关重要。
【用法】
当with，along with，together with，as well as，in addition to，rather than，including等连接两个并列的名词或代词作主语时，谓语动词的人称和数与前面的名词或代词保持一致。
【佳句】　She lost her job when the factory closed， along with hundreds of others.
工厂倒闭时，她和其他数以百计的人一起失去了工作。
【练透】　单句语法填空
①Now the teacher together with the students 　is　 （be） discussing reading skills.
②The students， rather than their teacher， 　are　 （be） going to have a picnic this weekend.
【写美】　补全句子
③I 　along with my parents am taking a flight to　 Sanya on the first day.
第一天，我和我的父母将一起坐飞机去三亚。
account n.记述，描述；报道；账户 v.说明；解释
【教材原句】　In fact， more than one account suggests that while Newton was certainly inspired by a falling apple， there is no proof that it hit him on the head.
事实上，不止一处资料显示，虽然牛顿的灵感确实来源于一个掉落的苹果，但没有证据表明这个苹果恰巧砸在了他的脑袋上。
【用法】
（1）account for　　　　　是……的原因；导致；占……（比例） （2）on account of　　由于，因为 on no account　　决不（置于句首，句子用部分倒装） （3） take account of＝take ...into account/consideration　　考虑……
【佳句】　I sincerely hope that you will take my suggestions into account.I’m looking forward to hearing from you as soon as possible.我真诚地希望您能考虑我的建议。我期待着尽快得到您的回复。
【练透】　单句语法填空
①The majority of people were drowned 　on　 account of lack of enough lifeboats.
②The minority nationalities account 　for　 six per cent of the whole population.
③His exam results were not very good， but we must take 　into　 account his long illness.
【写美】　句式升级
④You should on no account leave the door unlocked.
→　On no account should you leave the door unlocked.（倒装句）
Part Ⅱ　重点句型解构
句型公式：neither ...nor ...连接并列成分
【教材原句】　However， neither the story nor the details of the experiment are entirely true.
然而，不管是故事本身还是实验细节都并非完全属实。
【用法】
neither ...nor ...表示“既不……也不……”。 （1）neither ...nor ...连接两个主语时，应遵循“就近一致”原则。 （2）若将neither ...nor ...句型变为肯定句，只需把neither ...nor ...改为both ...and ...即可，同时谓语动词必须用复数形式。 （3）neither可以单独使用，作主语，表示“两者中没有一个”。 （4）当表示“一个人没有做某事，另一个人也没做同一类事”时，可用neither或nor进行简略回答。其结构为：Neither/Nor＋助动词/情态动词/be动词＋主语。
【写美】　微写作
①昨天我和我的同学们都没有受到老师的惩罚。
　Neither my classmates nor I was punished　 by our teacher yesterday.
②昆明是一个美丽的城市，那里一年四季都不太热也不太冷。
Kunming is a beautiful city， where it’s 　neither too hot nor too cold　 all the year around.
③如果乔的妻子不去参加聚会，他也不去。
If Joe’s wife doesn’t go to the party， 　neither/nor will he　.
句型公式：虚拟语气
【教材原句】　But scientists all agree that if Franklin had actually touched the key， he would certainly have died from the electric shock.但科学家们一致认为，如果富兰克林真的碰到了钥匙，他必定会被电死。
【用法】
虚拟语气在非真实条件句中的用法： （1）与现在事实相反时，从句谓语用一般过去时（be动词用were），主句谓语用would/should/could/might＋动词原形。 （2）与过去事实相反时，从句谓语用过去完成时，主句谓语用would/should/could/might＋have＋过去分词。 （3）与将来事实相反时，从句谓语用一般过去时（be用were）/should＋动词原形/were to＋动词原形，主句谓语用would/should/could/might＋动词原形。
【品悟】　If you had followed my advice， you wouldn’t have run into trouble.
如果你听从了我的建议，你就不会陷入困境了。
【写美】　微写作
①要是我哥哥在这儿，一切都没问题了。
If my brother were here，everything 　would be all right.
②如果明天下雨的话，我们就得推迟运动会。
If it 　rained/should rain/were to rain　 tomorrow，we 　would have to put off　 the sports meeting.
③要是没有你的帮助，我上周考试可能就通不过。
If it 　hadn’t been　 for your help， I 　would have failed　 the exam last week.
④玛丽是盲人。如果她能够看到这个光明的世界，她会满心欢喜。
Mary is blind.If she 　were able to see　 the bright world， she would be full of joy.
句型公式：while引导让步状语从句
【教材原句】　In fact， more than one account suggests that while Newton was certainly inspired by a falling apple， there is no proof that it hit him on the head.
事实上，不止一处资料显示，虽然牛顿的灵感确实来源于一个掉落的苹果，但没有证据表明这个苹果恰巧砸在了他的脑袋上。
【用法】
while的用法如下： （1）while 引导让步状语从句，多位于句首，意为“尽管”，相当于though/although。 （2）while引导时间状语从句，意为“当……的时候”。 （3）while连接并列句，表示对比或转折，意为“而；然而”。此时，while一般位于句中。
【品悟】　While the students came from different countries， they got along quite well in the summer camp.
虽然学生们来自不同的国家，但他们在夏令营里相处得很好。
【写美】　微写作/句型转换
①他对钱很吝啬而他的哥哥却很大方。
He is mean with money 　while his brother is generous　.
②尽管大卫在几公里内被绊倒了，但他仍坚持跑步。
　While/Although/Though David was tripped over within a few kilometers　，he insisted on running.
③While you are taking exercise， you must be cautious.
→　While taking exercise　， you must be cautious.（状语从句的省略）
维度一：品句填词
1.As is known to all，water 　conducts　 （传导） heat faster than air.
2.Made of 　metal　 （金属）， the statue weighs up to 225 tons and measures 46 meters high.
3.There was a sudden 　flash　 （闪光） of lightning， which lit everything up for a second.
4.We should 　draft　 （起草） a proposal and discuss it at the meeting before any decision is made.
5.To test the effect on eating habits， the researchers conducted two 　experiments　 （实验）.
6.The police insisted that Michael didn’t follow the correct procedure in applying for a visa.
7.The force that causes everything to fall toward the ground is called gravity　.
8.Some fictions　 appeared without the names of the authors， often with something like “by a lady”.
维度二：词形转换
1.After three weeks’ discussion， they will sign the 　declaration　 （declare） tomorrow.
2.The scientist devoted himself 　entirely　 （entire） to his research， which turned out to be a success.
3.There is no 　proof　 （prove） that the disappearance of bees has a close connection with the radiation of the mobile phones.
4.There is 　scientific　 （science） evidence to support our belief that being surrounded by plants is good for health.
5.After graduation， he has been working in a middle school，which is 　attached　 （attach） to Nanjing Normal University.
维度三：固定搭配和句式
1.The couple were walking in the woods when suddenly a branch 　hit the wife on the head　 （击中妻子的头）.
2.　Neither his parents nor Jack was recognised　 （他的父母和杰克都没有被认出来） when they entered the room.
3.The teacher told me the fact 　that determination and hard work made her successful （决心和努力工作使她成功了）.
4.　Apart from　 （除……以外） cleaning the yard and making the bed for the old， we also read newspapers to them and chatted with them.
5.It’s believed that the manager is able to 　come up with　 （想出） new ways to solve the difficult problem.
6.The guqin， 　along with　 （与……一起） the game of Go， calligraphy and painting， was expected to be mastered by noblemen and scholars in Ancient China.
7.　More than one　 （不止一个） person has a good command of English in the research unit.
维度四：课文语法填空
　　Benjamin Franklin was one of the Founding Fathers of the United States.Apart 1.　from　 being a successful statesman，he was also a 2.　creative　 （create） scientist and inventor.
　　Benjamin Franklin 3.　flew　 （fly） a kite during a storm in 1752.He raised the kite with a piece of string 4.　tied　 （tie） to it.A metal key was attached to the string.A flash of lightning hit the kite，and electricity was conducted through the string to the key.Franklin then touched the key and got 5.　an　 electric shock.
　　Generations of children have been amazed by his 6.　bravery　 （brave）and his scientific approach to 7.　looking　 （look） for the truth.However，new research suggests that the story may be fiction instead of fact.More than one scientist has questioned 8.　what　 really happened.They all agree that if Franklin had 9.　actually　 （actual） touched the key，he would certainly have died from the electric shock.
　　In science，facts should 10.　be proved　 （prove）by experiments and research，and we should not always believe everything we read or hear — even if it is a great story.
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
　　NAO， the first robot able to show feelings， has been created by a European research team.When NAO is sad， he lowers his head and looks down.When he’s happy， he raises his arms for a hug.Nothing is out of the ordinary， except that NAO is a robot.
　　“We’re modelling the first year of life，” says Lola Canamero， a computer scientist at the University of Hertfordshire.“The feelings are shown through physical gestures and body movements rather than facial or verbal expressions.”
　　“In the future，” says the scientist， “robots are likely to act as companions， provide support for old people，and help people shop online.” In these situations， the display of emotions， will be important in making the interaction more natural and comfortable.
　　NAO has been programmed to copy the emotional skills of a one-year-old child.It can memorize faces， and knows the basic rules of good and bad.Based on these it can decide how to react to what is going on.The actions going with each feeling are pre-programmed， but NAO decides for itself when to display them.
　　NAO is also programmed to have different personalities.A more independent robot is less likely to call for help when exploring a room， while a more fearful robot will show distress if it finds something in the room that may be harmful.
　　Canamero’s team will take its emotional programming forward into medical applications.Part of the project will look at ways to use robots in hospitals to support the roles of doctors，nurses and parents.Children might find that a small， friendly-looking robot that can understand their emotional states makes them less anxious.“We want to explore different roles — the robots will help the children to understand their treatment and explain what they have to do.We want to help the children to control their anxiety，” she says.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一个由欧洲研究团队发明的第一个能够通过动作表达感情的机器人NAO，该团队希望能将它的情感程序应用到医学领域。
1.According to the text， what do we know about NAO？（　　）
A.It displays different feelings in different situations. B.It is able to imitate adults’ emotional displays.
C.It can remember people’s feelings. D.It learns emotions from facial expressions.
解析：A　细节理解题。根据第一段中的When NAO is sad， he lowers his head and looks down.When he’s happy， he raises his arms for a hug.可知，当NAO伤心时，它会低下头；当它开心时，它会伸出手臂要求拥抱，这说明NAO能在不同情况下表达不同的情绪。
2.What can we learn from the text？（　　）
A.Scientists worked on facial and spoken expressions to create NAO’s emotions.
B.The time when NAO displays feelings has been pre-programmed.
C.Emotional programming is used in medicine production.
D.Robots with emotional skills can help children feel more comfortable.
解析：D　细节理解题。根据最后一段中的Children might find that a small， friendly-looking robot that can understand their emotional states makes them less anxious.可知，如果孩子们有一个小的、友好的又能够理解他们情感状态的机器人陪着的话，他们可能就不会那么焦虑了，也就是说具有情感技能的机器人可以帮助孩子们感觉更舒服。
3.What does the underlined word“distress” in Paragraph 5 probably mean？（　　）
A.Courage.　　　　　 B.Anxiety.
C.Anger.　 D.Satisfaction.
解析：B　词义猜测题。前面提到一个更独立的机器人在探索房间时很少寻求帮助，是独立完成任务的。句中的while表示对比，由此可以判断，后面是说一个胆怯的机器人如果在房间里发现可能有害的东西时会表现出“焦虑”（的情绪）。
4.What is the text mainly about？（　　）
A.The relationship between humans and robots.
B.The roles that robots play in different fields.
C.The first robot able to show feelings.
D.The long history of robots.
解析：C　主旨大意题。通读全文内容可知，本文主要介绍了一个由欧洲研究团队发明的第一个能够表达感情的机器人NAO。
B
　　Charles Darwin was a very famous scientist who lived in the 1800s.His ideas about evolution （进化） completely changed the way scientists understand the natural world.He recorded his ideas in notebooks marked with letters of the alphabet （字母表）， which have been considered extremely important for showing how he developed the evolution.
　　The Cambridge University Library had several of Mr Darwin’s notebooks.The two that were missing were kept in a small box， and were last seen in 2000.In 2001， someone noticed that the box was missing.Luckily， the library had taken pictures of the notebooks’ pages， so the information wasn’t completely lost.
　　In 2020， the library made a huge effort to find the notebooks.Workers searched through the 10 million books and other things in the library， but they didn’t find the notebooks.Finally， the library asked people around the world to help look for the notebooks.They officially reported the missing notebooks as stolen so that the police around the world would search for them.
　　Nobody could ever have expected the way in which the notebooks were returned recently： in a pink gift bag with a note that said “Librarian， Happy Easter， X”.People at the library quickly recognised the blue box that the notebooks had been stored in.Inside a brown envelope they found the two missing notebooks， tightly wrapped in plastic.After the police had examined the package， library workers were able to open and carefully study the notebooks.They were pleased to learn that the notebooks were in good shape.They hadn’t been damaged and they weren’t missing any pages.
　　The timing of the return is perfect.The library was planning a show called “Darwin in Conversation”， which is set to open in July.Now the missing notebooks can be part of that show.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述的是19世纪著名科学家达尔文的两本标有关于进化论观点的笔记本丢失以及回归的故事。
5.What did Darwin write in his notebooks？（　　）
A.Scientists’ ideas about society.
B.The stories of his family.
C.His thoughts of evolution.
D.The development of the alphabet.
解析：C　细节理解题。根据第一段中的He recorded his ideas in notebooks marked with ...for showing how he developed the evolution.可知，该笔记本中标注的是他关于进化论的思想。
6.Why were the missing notebooks reported to have been stolen？（　　）
A.Because the library wanted to turn to the police for help.
B.Because the library didn’t want to take on responsibility for the loss.
C.Because the library discovered a librarian stole the notebooks.
D.Because the library realized the notebooks couldn’t be found.
解析：A　细节理解题。根据第三段中的They officially reported the missing notebooks as stolen so that the police around the world would search for them.可知，将遗失的笔记本报告为被盗可以得到全世界警察的帮助。
7.How did the librarians feel about the notebooks’ return？（　　）
A.Proud.　 B.Nervous.
C.Unconcerned.　 D.Surprised.
解析：D　推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的Nobody could ever have expected the way in which the notebooks were returned recently可知，对于笔记本的回归，图书管理员感到很惊讶。
8.What will happen to the notebooks？（　　）
A.They will be on exhibition.
B.They will be hidden forever.
C.They will be sold on a show.
D.They will be returned to the owner.
解析：A　推理判断题。根据最后一段中的Now the missing notebooks can be part of that show.可知，两个笔记本有可能会成为接下来展览的一部分。
C
　　“In 2003， the Human Genome （基因组） Project made history when it sequenced （测定序列） 92％ of the human genome. But for nearly twenty years since， scientists have made efforts to translate the remaining 8％. Now， a team of nearly 100 scientists from the Telomere-to-Telomere （T2T） Consortium has uncovered the complete human genome — the first time it’s been sequenced in its entirety，” the researchers said.
　　“Having this complete information will allow us to better understand how we form as an individual organism and how we vary not just between other humans but other species，” Evan Eichler， a Howard Hughes Medical Institute investigator at the University of Washington and the research leader， said Thursday.
　　The new research introduces 400 million letters to the previously sequenced DNA — an entire chromosome’s worth. The full genome will allow scientists to analyze how DNA differs between people and whether these genetic variations play a role in disease.
　　The research， published in the journal Science on Thursday， was previously in preprint， allowing other teams to use the sequence in their own studies.
　　Until now， it was unclear what these unknown genes coded.
　　“It turns out that these genes are incredibly important for adaptation，” Eichler said.“They contain immune response genes that help us to adapt and survive infections and plagues and viruses.They contain genes that are very important in terms of predicting drug response.”
　　“For now， it’s still too expensive and time-consuming for everyone to sequence their own genome. But research is underway that uses this genome to judge whether certain genetic differences are connected with specific cancers. Knowing the genetic variations could also allow doctors to better tailor treatments，” said Michael Schatz， another researcher on the team and a professor of computer science and biology at Johns Hopkins University.
　　Charles Rotimi， scientific director of the National Human Genome Research Institute， said in a statement that this scientific achievement is “moving us closer to individualized medicine for all humanity”. Rotimi was not involved in the research.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。科学家团队首次成功测定了最完整的人类基因组，为遗传变异、疾病研究以及个性化医疗提供了重要的见解。
9.What can we say about the human genome？（　　）
A.It made history in 2003.
B.It is similar between humans.
C.It has been sequenced completely.
D.It will make us know each other well.
解析：C　细节理解题。根据第一段中的Now， a team of nearly 100 scientists ... the complete human genome — the first time it’s been sequenced in its entirety可知，人类基因组测序已经全部完成。
10.What does the full genome mean to scientists according to the third paragraph？（　　）
A.They may write it in the journal Science.
B.They may use it to survive infections.
C.They can analyze if it functions in illness.
D.They can relate it to a certain disease.
解析：C　细节理解题。根据第三段中的The full genome will allow scientists to analyze how DNA differs between people and whether these genetic variations play a role in disease.可知，对于科学家们来说，测定完整的人类基因组可以让他们分析人与人之间的DNA有何区别以及基因变异在疾病方面是否起作用。
11.How could people benefit from sequencing their own genome？（　　）
A.They could succeed in the field of medicine.
B.They might get personalized treatment.
C.They might be closer to great achievement.
D.They could connect gene with cancers.
解析：B　细节理解题。根据最后一段中的moving us closer to individualized medicine可知，对自己的基因组进行测序让我们离个性化治疗更近一步。B项中的personalized意为“个性化的”。
12.What is the best title for the text？（　　）
A.Why Scientists Research the Complete Human Genome
B.The Full Human Genome Benefits Human Beings
C.How Scientists Sequenced the Full Human Genome
D.The Complete Human Genome Was First Uncovered
解析：D　标题归纳题。通读全文可知，本文首段提出研究结论，科学家团队首次成功测定了最完整的人类基因组，下文具体说明这一发现的意义。因此，D项（完整的人类基因组首次被揭露）最适合作为本文标题。
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
　　Red Cross Apps Guide Survivalists through Natural Disasters
　　Red Cross has several apps that will help you in a natural disaster. 13.（　　）
　　Emergency App
　　For an all-in-one reference for any catastrophe， the Emergency App is the answer.14.（　　） Users can also customize their alerts according to their areas and locations of their loved ones so that they can monitor activity in multiple places.
　　Earthquake App
　　15.（　　） And the number of high magnitude earthquakes nearly doubled last year. With the Earthquake App， you’ll receive real-time alerts and notifications and learn how to respond in this natural disaster while keeping your family and home safe from any further threats.
　　Hurricane App
　　This is a must-have for people in hurricane areas. 16.（　　） Much like the Earthquake App， it will supply you with details for staying safe in this circumstance.
　　Shelter Finder App
　　In case your emergency shelter wasn’t built to withstand whatever disaster came your way， the Shelter Finder App uses data from the National Shelter System and maps out the secured shelters across the country. Other than the address， the app also supplies you with details such as the agency running the shelter， capacity and current population of the shelter， among others.17.（　　）
A.The global earthquake rate is rising.
B.Each app is available on iOS and Android devices.
C.It contains information on over 35 different types of emergency situations.
D.These details are updated within every thirty minutes， so you’ll always stay posted.
E.Track storms and the condition in your area so that you can take the proper precautions.
F.The modern survivalist knows your smartphone is the best tool to keep you on your feet.
G.For other apps specific to a natural disaster， the Red Cross also has apps for floods， tornadoes， and wildfires.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了四个可以指导幸存者度过自然灾害的应用程序。
13.B　根据空前一句可知，红十字会有很多应用程序，它们能在自然灾害中帮助你。B项（每个应用程序都可以在iOS和Android设备上使用）符合语境，说明在哪里可以获得这些应用程序。
14.C　空前一句提到了应用程序可以给予人们参考。C项（它载有关于35种以上不同类型紧急情况的资料）符合语境。
15.A　根据Earthquake App可知，本段主要介绍地震应用程序，且空后一句提到去年高震级地震的数量几乎翻了一番。A项（全球地震频率正在上升）符合语境。
16.E　根据Hurricane App可知，本段主要介绍飓风应用程序，故空处应说明此应用程序有何用处。E项（跟踪风暴和你所在地区的情况，这样你就可以采取适当的预防措施）符合语境。
17.D　上文提到此应用程序还为你提供详细信息，D项（这些详细信息每30分钟更新一次，所以你会随时了解最新情况）符合语境，D项中的details与空前一句中的details相呼应。
Ⅲ.应用文写作
　　假定你是李华，英语课上，老师要求就应用人工智能（artificial intelligence）的利弊进行讨论，请你代表小组写一篇发言稿，说明讨论的结果。
注意：1.写作词数应为80左右；
2.请按如下格式作答。
On the Use of Artificial Intelligence
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
参考范文：
On the Use of Artificial Intelligence
　　Hi everybody.Our group discussed the use of AI and finally agreed that its advantages outweigh the disadvantages.
　　On the one hand， it goes without saying that AI has brought much convenience and has been doing us a great favour in jobs requiring accuracy and calculation.Plus， AI has such fantastic speed in collecting data.On the other hand， AI is becoming too smart nowadays， concerns arising.Some of us think that AI will be a threat to humans one day.However， AI can be our best assistant as long as we develop it in the right way.
　　That’s our opinion.Thank you.
15 / 15单元质量检测（三）　The world of science
（满分150分，时间120分钟）
第一部分　听力（共两节，满分30分）
第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1.Where are the speakers？（　　）
A.In a library.
B.In a study.
C.In a bookstore.
2.Who is the woman probably？（　　）
A.A bus driver.
B.A policewoman.
C.A passenger.
3.What did the speakers do last weekend？（　　）
A.They studied at home.
B.They went hiking.
C.They played tennis.
4.According to the man， how should the woman book her tickets？（　　）
A.Use any travel website.
B.Go to the ticket office.
C.Call a travel agency.
5.How long will it take to go to the airport？（　　）
A.Half an hour.
B.One hour.
C.Two hours.
第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）
　　听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
6.Where does the conversation probably take place？（　　）
A.At an airport.
B.At home.
C.At a restaurant.
7.What is the man dissatisfied with about the flight？（　　）
A.The service. B.The movie.　C.The food.
听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。
8.What does Sarah want to know？（　　）
A.Central Park.
B.Something about the bus trip.
C.Sunny Beach.
9.Where will the speakers leave for tomorrow afternoon？（　　）
A.Central Park.
B.Sunny Beach.
C.Sea World.
听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。
10.How many tires does the woman suggest the man replace？（　　）
A.One.　 B.Two.　　C.Three.
11.What will the man do for his car in about six months？（　　）
A.Get the brakes fixed.
B.Get the rest of the tires replaced.
C.Get the left headlight checked out.
12.How much will the man pay at last？（　　）
A.About $300.
B.About $500.
C.About $1，000.
听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。
13.What are the two speakers mainly talking about？（　　）
A.School ranking.
B.Moving to a new place.
C.Choosing a school for kids.
14.Where is probably the information of the schools from？（　　）
A.Weymouth High School.
B.The man’s workplace.
C.The offices of the schools.
15.Which are private schools？（　　）
A.Carlton Abbey and St Mary’s.
B.St Mary’s and Weymouth High School.
C.Carlton Abbey and Weymouth High School.
16.Which school has the highest university admission rate？（　　）
A.Weymouth High School.
B.Carlton Abbey.
C.St Mary’s.
听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。
17.What does the speaker think of the weekend？（　　）
A.It’s beneficial.
B.It’s exciting.
C.It’s interesting.
18.Why was the speaker anxious at first？（　　）
A.He went to bed too late.
B.He was addicted to the screen.
C.He was always thinking of texting messages.
19.How long was the speaker free from his phone at the camp？（　　）
A.One day.　 B.Two days.　　C.Three days.
20.What does the speaker mainly talk about？（　　）
A.A healthy lifestyle.
B.A busy weekend.
C.A free village life.
答案：1－5　CACAB　6－10　ACBBC
11－15　ABCBA　16－20　BABBA
听力原文：
（Text 1）
M：Excuse me. Have you got any books on engineering？ I’ve looked for them everywhere， but I can’t find any.
W：I’m not sure if we’ve got any now. Books of that kind are on this shelf ... Well， I’m afraid we’ve sold out of them.
（Text 2）
W：Stand back from the door， please. Let the passengers off. You can’t get on until the other passengers get off.
M：How much is the fare， please？
（Text 3）
M：Let’s do something outdoors today.
W：All right. But I don’t want to play tennis. We played tennis last weekend. Let’s go hiking.
（Text 4）
M：What are you doing with that phone book？
W：I need to fly to Atlanta for a couple of days. My boss told me to make the arrangements， and he’ll pay me back. I’m looking for a travel agency.
M：Honestly， travel websites all offer much more competitive prices.
（Text 5）
W：What time does your plane leave？
M：It leaves at 12：15. And I have to get to the airport two hours early.
W：That means we have to leave the house at 9：15. There’s half an hour before we start off.
（Text 6）
W：Hi， Peter！
M：Hi， Cindy！
W：Great to see you again！ Welcome to London！
M：Thanks. It’s great to be here finally.
W：So， how are you？ How was your journey？
M：Well， the flight was forty-five minutes late but after that， it was fine. Its service was very good. The in-flight movies were really cool but there wasn’t much food， so I’m kind of hungry now！
W：Oh， you poor thing！ Well， it will be a long drive home， so why don’t we get some breakfast around here first？ Look， there’s a restaurant over there.
（Text 7）
M：Hello！ This is Tom.
W：Hello！ Tom， this is Sarah. Are you going on the bus trip to Central Park tomorrow？
M：Yes. What’s up？
W：Well， I wasn’t at school yesterday and I need some information.
M：What do you want to know？
W：When does the bus leave？
M：At 8：00. But we have to be at school by 7：45.
W：OK. When will we get to Central Park？
M：Well， it’s about an hour’s drive， so we’ll be there at around 9：00. We’ll have lunch at 11：30.
W：And when will we have to come back？
M：We will leave Central Park at 2：00 for Sunny Beach on the way back. We’ll get back to school at around 6：00.
W：Sounds like an interesting day. See you tomorrow morning.
（Text 8）
W：Thanks for bringing your car in. It looks like it needs some new brakes. Were you aware that your brakes weren’t working properly？
M：Not really. They seemed fine to me.
W：Well， we’re going to fix them for you. Three of your tires are also looking worn out. Would you like to replace them？
M：How much will that cost？
W：One hundred dollars per tire.
M：Which two are the worst？
W：The back two.
M：Okay， just replace those ones， please.
W：And last， your right front headlight is out. We’ll fix that for you as well.
M：What will the total cost be？
W：Let’s see.Your total will be one thousand dollars and fifty cents.
M：One thousand dollars？ That’s quite a bit. Maybe you should just replace the worst tire. And is fixing the brakes really necessary？
W：Yes， but you can probably go another six months. By then， you will really need to fix them， though.
M：Okay， I’ll do that.
W：Your new total is five hundred dollars and twenty cents.
M：Here’s my credit card. Owning a car can be really expensive！
（Text 9）
W：Well， before we decide we’re going to live in Weymouth， we ought to have a look at the schools. The kids’ education is really important.
M：I looked for some information at my office， and I took notes. There are three middle schools in Weymouth： one state school and two private schools.
W：How big are they？
M：Weymouth High School is the biggest， about 1，000 pupils. Their classes are big， too. They have an average of thirty pupils to a class.
W：That’s a lot. I expect the private have less.
M：Yes， there are about 200 students at Carlton Abbey and 150 at St Mary’s.They only have about twenty students to each class.
W：How many children go on to university every year in each school？
M：Well. Weymouth High School is very good， 50 percent of whose pupils go on to university ... and Carlton Abbey even better， 70 percent. St Mary’s is not so good， only 8 percent.
W：Well， they certainly seem like quite good schools. But we’ll have to find out more before we can decide.
（Text 10）
M：Good afternoon， everyone！ It’s my pleasure to share with you my colourful weekend.
I used to live a life in my screen and hardly noticed what was around me. I was always checking the time and thinking of “who’s going to text me now？” My bedtime routine was usually centered on one thing — my mobile phone. I looked through news websites and checked my emails. When I woke up at midnight， I did the same thing. The problem with me was that I felt anxious every night.
So when my friends invited me to the weekend camping without cell service in the village， I thought this was exactly what I needed. Keeping away from my phone for 48 hours changed my way of life. Without my phone， I fell asleep listening to the songs of frogs and insects. In the morning， I woke up energetically. Sitting by the river， riding a bike， or singing old songs， I truly enjoyed what I was doing. I felt free without my phone at the weekend camp， which changed me completely. I listened to what my body wanted instead of what my phone was telling me to do.
第二部分　阅读（共两节，满分50分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
　　阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Easy Chemistry Experiments to Do at Home
　　Not all science requires labs. You can explore the fun of science in your own kitchen. Here are some science experiments and projects you can do that use common kitchen chemicals.
　　Click through the images for a collection of easy kitchen science experiments.
　　Mentos and diet soda fountain
　　Explore the science of bubbles and pressure using Mentos candies and a bottle of soda. As the candies dissolve in soda， the tiny pits formed on their surface allow carbon dioxide bubbles to grow. The process occurs quickly， producing a sudden burst of foam from the narrow neck of the bottle.
　　Experiment materials： Mentos candies， soda.
　
　Baking soda and vinegar volcano kitchen experiment
　　You can get a volcanic eruption using kitchen chemicals.
　　Experiment materials： baking soda， vinegar， water， food colouring.
　　Make water fireworks in a glass from water and dye （染料）
　　Don’t worry — there is no explosion or danger in this project！ The “fireworks” take place in a glass of water.
　　Experiment materials： water， oil， food colouring.
　　Make hot ice using vinegar and baking soda
　　You can make “hot ice” at home using baking soda and vinegar. The reaction creates heat， so the ice is hot. It happens so quickly. You can form crystal towers as you pour the liquid into a dish.
　　Experiment materials： vinegar， baking soda.
语篇解读：本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了四个可以在家中操作的简易有趣的化学实验。
21.Which experiment needs sweets？（　　）
A.Mentos and diet soda fountain.
B.Baking soda and vinegar volcano.
C.Make water fireworks in a glass.
D.Make hot ice using vinegar and baking soda.
解析：A　细节理解题。根据Mentos and diet soda fountain部分中的Experiment materials： Mentos candies， soda.可知，Mentos and diet soda fountain这个实验需要糖果。
22.What do the four experiments have in common？（　　）
A.They all need soda.
B.They all are dangerous.
C.They all can bring you joy.
D.They all must be done in the kitchen.
解析：C　细节理解题。根据第一段中的You can explore the fun of science in your own kitchen.可知，这四个实验的共同之处是它们都能给你带来快乐。
23.Where is the passage taken from？（　　）
A.A newspaper.　　　 B.A website.
C.A magazine.　 D.A textbook.
解析：B　文章出处题。根据第二段中的Click through the images for a collection of easy kitchen science experiments.可知，本文应该是来自网站。
B
　　Joseph Frederick Engelberger， the Father of Robotics， was born on 26 July 1925. He received his degree in Electric Engineering in 1949 from Columbia University. He worked as an engineer in a company and then he met George Devol at a party in 1956， two years after Devol had designed and patented （获得专利权） an industrial robotic arm. However， the company where Engelberger worked was closed in the year he met Devol.
　　Finding himself jobless but with a business partner and an idea， Engelberger co-founded Unimation with Devol， creating the world’s first robotics company. Over the next two decades， the Japanese took the lead by investing heavily in robots to replace people performing certain tasks. In Japan， Engelberger was widely recognized as a key player in Japanese manufacturing quality and efficiency.
　　After observing his aging parents， Engelberger saw the robotics automation could be used in the medical field. In 1984， Engelberger introduced HelpMate and hoped to start a new industry for in-home robots. He sold his first HelpMate to Danbury Hospital in 1988. The medical robot was so successful that the hospital ended up purchasing another， and within a decade， well over 100 hospitals worldwide operated HelpMates.
　　Senator Joseph Lieberman delivered a speech in the US Senate in praise and recognition of the inventor， calling HelpMate an example that shows the federal investment in science and technology for patients can lead to new products that create jobs for Americans and make for a better quality of life.
　　Engelberger liked working. So even after he got into his 80s， he remained active in the promotion and development of robots for use in elder care.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了机器人之父Joseph Frederick Engelberger的生平事迹和发明创造的故事。
24.What happened to Engelberger in 1956？（　　）
A.He got his college degree.
B.He was unemployed.
C.He invented a robotic arm.
D.He sold his company.
解析：B　细节理解题。根据第一段第三句和最后一句可知，1956年Engelberger失业了。
25.How did the Japanese treat Engelberger？（　　）
A.With alarm.　 B.With concern.
C.With respect.　 D.With indifference.
解析：C　推理判断题。根据第二段最后一句推知，日本人对Engelberger很尊重。
26.What does Paragraph 3 talk about？（　　）
A.The origin of HelpMate.
B.The promotion of HelpMate.
C.The function of HelpMate.
D.The challenge in creating HelpMate.
解析：A　段落大意题。根据第三段内容可知，本段主要讲述了HelpMate的初创。
27.What’s Lieberman’s attitude toward HelpMate？（　　）
A.Critical.　 B.Doubtful.
C.Objective.　 D.Favorable.
解析：D　观点态度题。根据倒数第二段内容可知，Lieberman对HelpMate的态度是赞成的。
C
　　An American company has developed a new technique （技术） to make bread stay fresh for 60 days.
　　Scientists found that a kind of mould （霉菌） caused bread to go bad. The new technique kills the mould and keeps the food for longer time. This means there will be less waste of food in the world in future.
　　Food waste is a big problem in most developed countries. In the US， an average family throws away 40％ of the food they buy， which adds up to $165bn every year， about 330 million tons in weight. Bread takes a larger part. In the UK， 32％ of the bread they buy is thrown away as waste when they can still be eaten.
　　The bread usually goes mouldy in around 10 days， but the American company says the new technique will keep the bread free from mould for two months.
　　“We treated a piece of bread in a special machine. At 60 days it had the same amount of mould as it was first made，” says Mr Stull， the leader of the company.
　　Although there are a lot of bread makers interested in the new technique， few customers like the idea. They say they don’t think a piece of bread which lasts for 60 days tastes good.
　　“We’ll have to make our customers accept the idea. But it will take some time，” says Mr Stull.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了美国一家公司发明的一种新技术，这种新技术可以杀死让面包变质的霉菌，从而可以让面包保鲜60天。
28.What is the key point of the new technique？（　　）
A.It can prevent the world from wasting food.
B.It kills the mould and keeps bread fresh for longer time.
C.It keeps the same amount of mould.
D.It makes bread taste good.
解析：B　细节理解题。根据第一段和第三段内容可知，这种新技术杀死使面包变质的霉菌，从而延长面包的保鲜期。
29.How much of the bread is wasted in the UK？（　　）
A.Nearly half.　 B.A quarter.
C.More than half.　 D.About one-third.
解析：D　细节理解题。根据第三段中的In the UK， 32％ of the bread they buy is thrown away as waste when they can still be eaten.可知，在英国约三分之一的面包被浪费了。
30.What can we know from the passage？（　　）
A.Food waste can be reduced immediately with the new technique.
B.We will buy bread that can last longer.
C.Few customers are sure about the technique.
D.Poor countries are in great need of food.
解析：C　细节理解题。根据倒数第二段第一句可知，很少有消费者对这项技术持肯定的态度。
31.What is mainly talked about in the passage？（　　）
A.A new technique has been invented to keep bread fresh longer.
B.There is great waste of food in developed countries.
C.There is a kind of mould that causes food to go bad.
D.Customers don’t like food that lasts for two months.
解析：A　主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章主要介绍了美国的一项可以使面包保鲜更久的新技术。
D
　　Many people think that the world is about to step into the fourth industrial revolution. This time， machines can do a lot of work in the charge of human beings， even better than human beings. In the future， the world can be more efficient， but unemployment will become more common.
　　It raises a troubling question for all of us — when will a machine be able to do my job？ There are no certain answers， but some of the world’s top artificial intelligence （AI） researchers are trying to find out.
　　Katja Grace， a research associate at the University of Oxford’s Future of Humanity Institute， and her colleagues have surveyed 352 scientists and compiled （汇编） their answers into predictions about how long it may take for machines to outperform humans on various tasks.
　　The good news is that many of us will probably be safe in our jobs for some time to come. The researchers predict there is a 50％ chance that machines will be capable of taking over all human jobs in 120 years.
　　“One of the biggest surprises was the overall lateness of the predictions，” says Grace. “I have expected the amazing progress in machine learning in recent years， plus the fact that we were only talking to machine learning researchers， to make the estimates earlier.”
　　“I am a bit skeptical of some of the timelines given for tasks that involve physical manipulation （操作），” says Jeremy Wyatt， professor of robotics and AI at the University of Birmingham. “It is one thing doing it in the lab， and quite another having a robot that can do a job reliably in the real world better than a human.”
　　Manipulating physical objects in the real world， an environment that changes randomly， is a complex job for a machine.
　　Perhaps the hardest jobs for machines to perform are those that take years of training for humans to excel at.These often involve intuitive （凭直觉的） decision making and abstract thinking — things that computers have been struggling with.
　　The experts predict robots will not be taking over as surgeons （外科医生） until around 2053， while it could take 43 years before machines are competing with mathematicians for space in top academic journals.
语篇解读：本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讨论了人们对“什么时候机器才能做我的工作？”的不同观点。
32.According to the passage， how might the fourth industrial revolution impact the world？（　　）
A.The world will become more efficient.
B.Machines can do things better than humans.
C.Humans will not find jobs because of machines.
D.Machines can do things instead of human beings.
解析：A　细节理解题。根据第一段内容可知，第四次工业革命将使世界变得更有效率。
33.How did the researchers find out the answer？（　　）
A.By giving examples.
B.By doing experiments.
C.By conducting surveys.
D.By making comparisons.
解析：C　细节理解题。根据第三段内容可知，研究人员是通过调查来找到答案的。
34.According to Jeremy Wyatt， what makes certain tasks challenging for machines in the real world？（　　）
A.The real word is full of challenges.
B.Manipulating physical objects is complex.
C.Machines can do better than humans in labs.
D.The randomly changed environment is too difficult for computers.
解析：D　细节理解题。根据倒数第三段Jeremy Wyatt的说法可知，机器在现实世界中完成某些任务具有挑战性是因为随机变化的环境对计算机来说太难了。
35.What does the underlined word “skeptical” in Paragraph 6 mean？（　　）
A.Confused.　 B.Surprised.
C.Doubtful.　 D.Certain.
解析：C　词义猜测题。根据第六段中的It is one thing doing ... better than a human.可知，此处表示Jeremy Wyatt对一些涉及物理操作的任务给出的时间表有点怀疑。故可猜测画线单词skeptical意为“怀疑的”。
第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）
　　阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
　　The twentieth century saw greater changes than any century before： changes for the better， changes for the worse； changes that brought a lot of benefits to human beings； changes that put man in danger. Many things caused the changes. 36.（　　）
　　Scientific research in physics and biology has vastly broadened our views. 37.（　　） It also has brought us a better understanding of the nature of life and of its continuous development.Technology in the application of science has made big advances that have benefited us in nearly every part of life.
　　The continuation of such activities in the twenty-first century will result in even greater advantages to human beings： in pure science — a wider and deeper knowledge in all fields of learning； in applied science — a more reasonable sharing of material benefits， and better protection of the environment.
　　38.（　　） The creativity of science has been employed in doing damage to mankind. The application of science and technology to the development and production of weapons of mass destruction has created a real danger to the continued existence of the human race on this planet. 39.（　　） Although their actual use has so far occurred only in the Second World War， the number of nuclear weapons that were produced and made ready for use was so large that if the weapons had actually been used， the result could have been the ruin of the human race， as well as of many kinds of animals.
　　William Shakespeare said， “The web of our life is of a mingled yarn （纱线）， good and ill together.” The above brief review of the application of only one part of human activities — science seems to prove what Shakespeare said. But does it have to be so？ 40.（　　） Are we biologically programmed for war？
A.What can we do to handle it？
B.Must the ill always go together with the good？
C.Sadly， however， there is another side to the picture.
D.We get a better understanding of the world around us.
E.We have seen this happen in the case of nuclear weapons.
F.However， in my opinion， the most important was the progress in science.
G.It has given us a deeper knowledge of the structure of matter and of the universe.
语篇解读：本文是一篇议论文。文章从正反两方面论述了科技进步的利弊。
36.F　空前一句指出导致变化的因素很多，F项（然而，在我看来，最重要的是科学的进步）符合语境，与空前一句构成转折关系。
37.G　空前一句提到物理学和生物学的科学研究拓宽了我们的视野。G项（它使我们对物质和宇宙的结构有了更深的认识）承接上文，说明这两门科学带来的影响，符合语境。
38.C　上文第二、三段介绍了科学进步带给人类的好处，空后一句提到这种进步带来的危害，上下文之间是转折关系。C项（然而，令人遗憾的是，事情还有另一面）符合语境。
39.E　空前一句提到科学和技术用于生产大规模毁灭性武器；E项（我们在核武器问题上看到了这种情况）符合语境。
40.B　B项（恶总是与善相伴吗？）是疑问句，与空前后两句构成并列关系，在文章结尾用三个问句进行灵魂拷问，引发读者的思考。
第三部分　语言运用（共两节，满分30分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
　　阅读下面短文， 从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
　　Sandi Martin and her husband Mike foster （代养） cats through a cat adoption team in Sherwood， Oregon.The couple 　41　 Lilly， a 3-year-old cat， and felt a special connection to her.In December they made the 　42　 to officially adopt her.
　　Sandi Martin said， “You’ve probably heard the term ‘foster fail’.Well， I call that a foster success.”
　　Solidifying （巩固） the foster success was Lilly’s 　43　 act just months later that saved her family from a dangerous gas leak （泄露） in their home.
　　Sandi Martin said she was on the 　44　 playing with Lilly when the cat kept getting distracted by a brass valve （黄铜阀门） next to their fireplace.The cat had 　45　 it in the past and Sandi Martin thought it was 　46　 by the shiny material.But when she kept smelling it， Sandi Martin felt something was 　47　.
　　Sandi Martin said she then went over to smell the area and smelled 　48　.
　　“It was very 　49　，” she said.“I wasn’t sure， so I asked my husband to have a smell and he smelled it too.”
　　Mike Martin 　50　 called the gas company and a technician 　51　 at their house in minutes.The technician quickly 　52　 a gas leak in the valve.He went outside and cut off the pipeline to the house.Sandi Martin said the 　53　 could have been much worse without Lilly.
　　For Lilly’s heroic act， the Martins were sure to give her a 　54　.
　　Sandi Martin said， “She 　55　 it.”
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。马丁一家代养了一只三岁大的小猫，谁知小猫的英勇行为使马丁一家免于一场危险的煤气泄漏事故，这也让他们决定正式收养这只小猫。
41.A.came across　　　　 B.looked after
C.gave up　 D.competed with
解析：A　根据下文and felt a special connection to her可知，这对夫妇遇到了一只三岁的小猫莉莉。
42.A.mistake　 B.decision
C.call　 D.trip
解析：B　正式收养莉莉是他们作出的决定。
43.A.heroic　 B.foolish
C.creative　 D.willful
解析：A　根据下文saved her family from a dangerous gas leak （泄露） in their home可知，莉莉使主人一家免于一场危险的煤气泄漏事故，因此它的行为是英勇的，倒数第二段中的heroic act也是提示。
44.A.Internet　 B.beach
C.street　 D.ground
解析：D　根据下文when the cat kept getting distracted by a brass valve （黄铜阀门） next to their fireplace可知，当时桑迪·马丁应该是和莉莉在屋里地上玩。
45.A.touched　 B.noticed
C.smelt　 D.heard
解析：B　根据下文and Sandi Martin thought it was 　46　 by the shiny material可知，桑迪·马丁认为它被闪亮的材料吸引了，这说明莉莉过去就注意过黄铜阀门。
46.A.attracted　 B.covered
C.limited　 D.rescued
解析：A　根据语境可知，桑迪·马丁认为莉莉被黄铜阀门闪亮的材料所吸引。
47.A.missing　 B.wrong
C.burning　 D.different
解析：B　根据上文But when she kept smelling it可知，莉莉一个劲地去闻黄铜阀门，这一反常举动说明情况不对。
48.A.fire　 B.water
C.gas　 D.blood
解析：C　根据上文a dangerous gas leak （泄露）可知，此处指煤气。
49.A.familiar　 B.terrible
C.faint　 D.sweet
解析：C　桑迪·马丁也不确定是不是煤气味，所以让丈夫也去闻一闻，这说明当时泄露的煤气非常少，气味十分微弱，不易辨别。
50.A.previously　 B.repeatedly
C.usually　 D.quickly
解析：D　家中发生煤气泄漏，自然要立即给煤气公司打电话报修。
51.A.showed up　 B.hung out
C.stayed over　 D.arrived back
解析：A　煤气公司接到报修电话后，马上派技术人员过来，即出现在报修用户家中。
52.A.found　 B.caused
C.fixed　 D.searched
解析：A　根据下文语境可知，技术人员很快发现阀门漏气。
53.A.reality　 B.change
C.relationship　 D.consequence
解析：D　根据语境和常识可知，要不是莉莉及时发现煤气泄漏，后果将不堪设想。
54.A.reason　 B.treat
C.break　 D.chance
解析：D　根据上文For Lilly’s heroic act可知，因为莉莉的英勇行为，马丁一家肯定会给它一个机会正式收养它。
55.A.examined　 B.sensed
C.earned　 D.saved
解析：C　根据语境可知，因为莉莉的英勇行为，马丁一家决定给它一个机会正式收养它，此处桑迪·马丁说这个收养机会是莉莉应得（为自己挣得）的。
第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
　　阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
　　Danish researchers have just set a new record for data transmission （传输）.56.　　　　　　 （use） one small computer chip， they moved about 1.8 petabits of data per second.That equals 122 million 57.　　　　　　 （movie） streaming at the same time.In their new demonstration， 8，251 beams of light 58.　　　　　　 （carry） more than an entire world’s worth of data.For this test， the date traveled 7.9 kilometers along a fiber optic cable （光纤电缆）.
　　That’s truly impressive， notes Bill Corcoran. 59.　　　　　　 （previous）， an accomplishment like this would have taken many chips and consumed far more energy.Corcoran， a physicist 60.　　　　　　 wasn’t involved in this research， knows a lot about this field.His group had held the record for the 61.　　　　　　 （high） data transmission rate with a single chip since 2020.Corcoran says，“62.　　　　　　 is great to see records being broken at this pace.”
　　“Even though no one needs to move data so quickly right now， researchers are planning ahead.Such 63.　　　　　　 high rate may be useful in data centers even sooner，” one of the Danish researchers says.More work should 64.　　　　　　 （do） before the new device can be put into real-world use.Right now， the energy needed for difficult computing tasks already poses a risk to climate.The new 65.　　　　　　 （innovate） in moving data could help lessen the Internet’s climate impact.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。丹麦科学家研发出超高速芯片，打破了数据传输记录。
56.Using　考查非谓语动词。设空处与one small computer chip一起作状语，且they与use之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，句首单词首字母应大写，故填Using。
57.movies　考查名词复数。movie是可数名词，且前面有122 million修饰，故填movies。
58.carried　考查动词的时态。根据语境可知，设空处描述的这场实验是发生在过去的事情，应用一般过去时，故填carried。
59.Previously　考查词形转换。设空处在句中作状语，应用副词，句首单词首字母应大写，故填Previously，意为“以前”。
60.that/who　考查定语从句。设空处引导限制性定语从句，指代先行词a physicist， 且在从句中作主语，故填that/who。
61.highest　考查形容词的最高级。根据设空处前的the record以及定冠词the可知，应用形容词的最高级形式，故填highest。
62.It　考查代词。设空处作形式主语，句中的真正主语是to see records being broken at this pace， 句首单词首字母应大写，故填It。
63.a　考查冠词。“such a/an＋形容词＋可数名词单数”是固定搭配，且high的读音以辅音音素开头，故填a。
64.be done　考查被动语态。More work与do之间为被动关系，应用被动语态，且设空处前有情态动词should， 故填be done。
65.innovation　考查词形转换。设空处在句中作主语，且其前有定冠词The 和形容词new修饰，应用其名词形式，故填innovation。
第四部分　写作（共两节，满分40分）
第一节（满分15分）
　　假定你是李华，你将参加学校一年一度的英语演讲比赛，就高中学生对网络游戏上瘾的问题发表演讲。请你根据以下内容写一篇演讲稿，内容包括：
　　1.描述现象；
　　2.沉迷网游的危害；
　　3.发出呼吁。
注意：1.写作词数应为80左右；
2.请按如下格式作答。
Dear fellow students，
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　That’s all. Thank you！
参考范文：
Dear fellow students，
　　It’s an honor to speak here， sharing my topic Say No to Online Games with you. Nowadays， many students are addicted to playing online games. As we all know， senior high school is a time for knowledge and physical development. Never should we waste precious time on games.
　　Online games do harm to us in many aspects. They can damage our health at our time for relaxation or sleep. In addition， it is likely that we’ll lose attention in study. Last but not least， we may suffer from mental disorders without communicating with people in real life.
　　For our physical and mental health， let’s stay away from addictive online games！
　　That’s all. Thank you！
第二节（满分25分）
　　阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
　　Tammy lives on the Little Acres Farm with her family.They have almost everything on the farm， but they don’t have many good pumpkins.For some reason， they never grow properly.
　　In October， they sell tickets to the farm， and create a maze （迷宫） made of hay bales （干草捆）.They call this “The Haunted Maze”.However， people like to see pumpkins on Halloween， and always complain about the lack of pumpkins.
　　One morning， Tammy’s dad talked to her.
　　“The Shelby Farm is planning a Haunted Maze this year，” Dad said.
　　“Oh no！” said Tammy.“That means they’ll take away our business！”
　　“We need to see what they’re up to，” Dad said.“Tammy， can you do that？”
　　“Dad， I’ll give it a try，” she said.
　　Tammy felt like a spy （间谍） from Little Acres Farm.Early the next morning， she rode her bicycle and got to the Shelby Farm quickly.Mr Shelby was staring at piles of hay and looked confused.
　　“Hello， Tammy，” said Mr Shelby when he saw her.
　　“Hi， Mr Shelby，” said Tammy， suddenly not knowing what to say.
　　“Where are you going？” Mr Shelby asked her.
　　A shaky feeling rose in Tammy’s body.She started to breathe heavily out of fear.She said， “I was just passing by ...，” then paused， and said “Goodbye” suddenly and rode away.All the way， she thought she would be laughed at by her dad.She had an idea.She secretly picked one pumpkin from the Shelby Farm， put it in the basket on her bike， and made a detour （绕道） to avoid Mr Shelby.
　　Tammy was halfway home before she realized what she had done.She regretted doing this.When she got home， she told Dad everything.
　　“You stole a pumpkin？” he asked.“You were supposed to find out information about their Haunted Maze， and you just stole a pumpkin？” Dad was so angry.
　　Tammy said， “I’m sorry.I was afraid！” She really was afraid.She’d never stolen anything before in her entire life.
　　Dad took the pumpkin from Tammy and got in his car.He left the driveway， and turned in the direction of the Shelby’s farm.He was returning the pumpkin.
注意：1.续写词数应为150左右；
2.请按如下格式作答。
　　After about three hours， Tammy’s dad finally came home.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　Tammy agreed to teach Mr Shelby how to make a haunted hay maze.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
参考范文：
　　After about three hours， Tammy’s dad finally came home.To Tammy’s surprise， the whole car was full of pumpkins！Tammy’s eyes widened.Dad laughed， and explained， “I had a long talk with Mr Shelby.We thought that we’d all be better off if we worked together on the maze instead of competing.So we did a trade.He gave us pumpkins， and as an apology for your theft， you would teach him how to make a haunted hay maze.” Tammy thought it was a good idea.
　　Tammy agreed to teach Mr Shelby how to make a haunted hay maze.She went over to the Shelby Farm.She said sorry to Mr Shelby first and showed him how to stack the hay to create a difficult maze.When Halloween came， Tammy’s family went to the Shelby Farm.At the end of the driveway was a sign that said：The Shelby Farm and Little Acres Farm present The Haunted Hay Maze.It turned out that working together benefited both farms.The customers were very satisfied with this year’s activities.
15 / 15Section Ⅱ　Using language
现在完成时的被动语态
①I guess you have been asked about the title of your book before.
②The ink has not been removed from the clothes.
③Haven’t your problems been solved？
④How many buildings have been built in your school？
【我的发现】
1.以上例句中都使用了　现在完成时的被动语态　。
2.以上例句中第①句是该时态的　肯定　句式；第②句是　否定　句式；第③句是　一般疑问　句式；第④句是　特殊疑问　句式。
一、结构
肯定式 主语＋have/has been done ...
否定式 主语＋have/has not been done ...
一般疑问式 Have/Has＋主语＋been done ...？
特殊疑问式 疑问词＋have/has＋主语＋been done ...？
This year，115 measles cases have already been reported in the USA.
今年美国已经报告了115例麻疹病例。
The construction of the bridge has not been finished.
这座桥的建设还没有完成。
Has the date for the next meeting been decided？
下次会议的日期已经决定了吗？
How long has the battery not been changed？
电池多久没有更换了？
【即时演练1】　补全句子
①A huge amount of environmental damage 　has been brought about　 by the destruction of the rain forests.
雨林的破坏导致了巨大的环境破坏。
②Some astronauts 　have been sent into space　 to carry on experiments so as to learn its secrets.
一些航天员被送入太空进行实验，以便了解太空的奥秘。
③Large quantities of various talents 　have been introduced　 to Xi’an.
大量的各类人才已被引进西安。
④　Have the children been told the good news yet？
孩子们被告知这个好消息了吗？
⑤How many cars 　have been produced　 by the factory since 1990？
自从1990年以来，这家工厂生产了多少辆汽车？
二、用法
1.表示被动的动作在说话前已经完成，强调过去的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，通常与already， yet， just， never， recently， lately等副词及时间状语so far， by now， since， up till now， in/during/over the past/last years等连用。
The machine has already been repaired.Do you want to use it？
这台机器已经修好了。你想用它吗？
2.表示被动的动作或状态开始于过去，持续到现在，并可能持续下去，常与for或since引导的时间状语连用，或用于how long引导的句子中。
Financial problems of the company have been discussed for nearly two hours.
公司的财务问题已被讨论了近两个小时了。
How long has this film been shown？
这部电影已放映多长时间了？
3.用在时间或条件状语从句中，表示将来某时已完成的动作。
You shouldn’t leave the school before your homework has been finished.
在你的作业没完成之前你不应该离开学校。
名师点津
现在完成时的被动语态与一般过去时的被动语态的区别
一般过去时的被动语态表示一个被动的动作发生在过去的某个时间里，其结果对现在没有影响；而现在完成时的被动语态侧重于表示一个被动的动作或状态尽管发生在过去，但该动作或状态对现在造成了影响或结果。
The big fire was put out two hours ago.
大火在两小时前被扑灭了。
The big fire has been put out.
大火已经被扑灭了。
【即时演练2】　单句语法填空
①People’s lives 　have been changed　 （change） in the past 10 years.
②The construction of the two new railway lines 　has been completed　 （complete） by now.
③They can’t go to school tomorrow because the school houses 　have been damaged　 （damage） in a fire.
④So far， this novel 　has been translated　 （translate） into several languages.
三、注意事项
1.只带有一个宾语的动词变为被动语态时，将主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。
His boss has already punished him.
→He has already been punished by his boss.
他的老板已经惩罚了他。
2.带有双宾语的动词，如give， send， bring， take， teach， show， tell， make， sing， write， read， sell， buy， pay， lend， pass， promise等，变为被动语态时，一般把指人的间接宾语变为被动语态的主语，若将直接宾语变为被动语态的主语，间接宾语前面要用相应的介词to或for。
The company has given him a chance to work abroad recently.
→He has been given a chance to work abroad recently by the company.
→A chance to work abroad has been given to him recently by the company.
最近公司给了他一次出国工作的机会。
【即时演练3】　把下列句子改成被动句
①People have cut down many big trees along the stream to build houses.
→　Many big trees along the stream have been cut down by people to build houses.　
②They have spent large quantities of funds in bringing up the three children.
→　Large quantities of funds have been spent by them in bringing up the three children.　
③I haven’t found my new schoolbag up till now.
→　My new schoolbag hasn’t been found by me up till now.　
④Has anyone made a comment about the online database？
→　Has a/any comment been made about the online database？　
beyond recognition 无法辨认，认不出来
【教材原句】　Within the next 80 years， our lives may be changed beyond recognition by 3D printing.
今后的80年内，3D打印技术可能会使我们的生活变得无法辨认。
【用法】
beyond belief　　　　　　 难以置信 beyond description　　无法形容 beyond expression　　无法表达 beyond one’s control　　不受某人的控制 beyond one’s imagination　　难以想象 beyond one’s power　　超出某人的能力/权力 beyond one’s reach　　在某人够不到的地方
【佳句】　The scenery along the lake is beautiful beyond description.
湖边的景色美得无法形容。
【练透】　选用上面短语填空
①Owing to circumstances 　beyond our control　， we regret to inform customers that this store will close early.
②I was pleased 　beyond description/expression　 that I got this job.
【写美】　补全句子
③The town 　has changed beyond recognition　 since I was last here.
自从我上次离开这里以来，这座小镇已经变得让人认不出来了。
instance n.例子，实例
【教材原句】　For instance， some restaurants in London have served 3D-printed hamburgers to customers.
例如，在伦敦，一些餐馆已经向顾客提供3D打印出来的汉堡了。
【用法】
for instance　　　　　　　　例如；比如 in the first instance　　首先；第一 in most instances　　在大多数情况下 in this instance　　就这个情况而言
【佳句】　We need to rethink the way we consume energy.Take， for instance， our approach to transport.
我们需要重新考虑我们消耗能源的方式，例如我们的运输方式。
【练透】　单句语法填空
①Anyone wishing to join the society should apply 　in　 the first instance to the secretary.
②In most 　instances　 （instance）， environmental protection is a long-term process that requires our collective participation.
【写美】　翻译句子
③很多地方都有了改进，比如鼠标按键。
　There are a number of improvements， for instance， the mouse buttons.　
significant adj.重要的，影响深远的
【教材原句】　But perhaps the most significant success that people have achieved to date is in medicine.
但是或许人们现在取得的最重要的成功是在医学方面。
【用法】
（1）significance n.　　重要性；意义；意思，含义 be of significance＝be significant　有意义的 attach （great） significance to认为……（很）重要 （2）significantly adv.　　显著地；有重大意义地
【佳句】　The most significant thing you should keep in mind is that most of the questions are easy if you make use of correct methods.
你应该牢记的最重要的事情是，如果你使用正确的方法，大部分问题是容易的。
【练透】　单句语法填空
①These presses are 　of　 little significance， indicating that they are worthless.
②In my view， practicing handwriting is very significant 　to　 the students’ growth.
【写美】　补全句子
③To be honest， a lot of people 　attach great significance to　 becoming famous and rich.
说实话，很多人把名和利看得很重要。
cure n.药剂；疗法 vt.治好（疾病）；治愈；改正（不良行为）
【教材原句】　Currently， there’s no cure for Alzheimer’s， but scientists are researching ways to improve the quality of life for people living with the disease.
目前，还没有治愈阿尔茨海默病的方法，但是科学家们正在研究改善患者生活质量的方法。
【用法】
（1）a cure for ... ……的治疗方法；解决问题的措施 （2）cure sb of sth 治愈某人的某种疾病；改正某人的不良行为
【佳句】　Thanks to the help of the expert， he was cured of the terrible disease successfully.
多亏专家的帮助，他成功地治好了可怕的疾病。
【辨析】　（1）cure作为动词，多用于疾病方面，强调结果，表示“治好某人的某种疾病”，要用cure sb of sth来表示。
（2）treat强调治疗的动作，不涉及结果，用于treat sb for sth结构中。
【练透】　单句语法填空
①Tu Youyou chose to establish a team to find a cure 　for　 malaria.
②The patient received careful treatment in the hospital. Finally she was cured 　of　 the disease.
【写美】　补全句子
③With the help of my parents and teachers， I 　cured myself of some shortcomings　 and made progress in my study.
在父母和老师的帮助下，我改正了一些缺点，在学习上取得了进步。
维度一：基础题型练
品句填词
1.Some animal and plant 　species　 （物种） cannot adapt to the rapidly changing conditions.
2.To test the 　theory　 （理论）， they taught volunteers two simple rules to help them turn a string of numbers into a new order.
3.Technological development can help us to be more 　accurate　 （准确的） in predicting earthquakes.
4.Listening is an active， not a 　passive　 （被动的） behavior consisting of hearing， understanding and remembering.
5.Mary is interested in biology and wants to be a 　biologist　 （生物学家） when she grows up.
6.Every day in our work， we are inspired by the people we meet doing extraordinary　 things to improve the world.
7.A chemist　 is a person who does research connected with chemistry or who studies chemistry.
8.His not being admitted to the college made all of us surprised， for he was such a brilliant　 student.
维度二：语法与写作
把下列句子改为被动语态。
1.He has made use of his spare time to learn English because of his poor English.
→His spare time 　has been made use of　 to learn English because of his poor English.
2.Sandstorms have covered over Loulan from 200 AD to 400 AD， which was a stopping point on the Silk Road.
→Loulan， which was a stopping point on the Silk Road，　has been covered over by sandstorms　 from 200 AD to 400 AD.
3.Have you pressed the button yet to copy the file？
→　Has the button been pressed　 yet to copy the file？
4.So far we have tried every possible means to solve the problem.
→So far 　every possible means has been tried　 to solve the problem.
5.We have washed the windows up to now，and you need not wash them again.
→　The windows have been washed　 up to now，and you need not wash them again.
6.They have built many houses in the village in the past few years.
→Many houses 　have been built　 in the village in the past few years.
7.Hello Kitty has made billions of dollars over the last 45 years.
→Billions of dollars 　have been made　 by Hello Kitty over the last 45 years.
8.They have found a good place to build a gym in the community.
→A good place 　has been found　 by them to build a gym in the community.
9.We have completed all the preparations for the task， and we’re ready to start.
→All the preparations for the task 　have been completed　 by us and we’re ready to start.
10.Since its opening， the museum has attracted over 5 million visitors all over the world.
→Since its opening， over 5 million visitors all over the world 　have been attracted　 by the museum.
维度三：语法与语篇
用所给单词的适当形式完成下面短文。
　　Have you ever heard of Uluru？ Actually， it 1.　is called　 （call） Ayers Rock by some people， too.Located in Australia， Uluru is a large sandstone rock formation.Uluru used to be open to the public.However， it 2.　has been closed　 （close） since 26 October 2019.In 1994， Uluru 3.　was listed　 （list） as a UNESCO World Heritage Site.Besides， Uluru 4.　has been considered　 （consider） a major attraction for decades and tourists from all over the world 5.　have been attracted　 （attract） by it.It’s said that the ban 6.　was announced　 （announce） in 2007 for the first time and most visitors observed it.Australia’s tourist association said that the rock 7.　has been climbed　 （climb） by only 16 percent of visitors since 2017.A local man named Rameth Thomas explained to the BBC how important the rock is to the people.“I 8.　have been told　 （tell） that the place is very sacred （神圣的） since I was a little boy.Our stories are all on the rock，” said Thomas.
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
　　The violin is one of the most popular instruments and it is still made using traditional processes. However， that is not the only way to create the instrument. In the latest innovation， AVIVA Young Artists Program is 3D printing low-cost， durable （耐用的） violins for children and adults who want to learn how to play them.
　　It is no secret that violins are expensive to buy. It is possible to have one violin that costs millions depending on how it is and who made it. This can make it hard for many people to buy the instrument， especially for beginners. However， AVIVA Young Artists Program is hoping to change this.
　　The program started as an experiment to reach under-served communities. And now it grows to be the Young Artists Program for violinists worldwide. It “seeks not” only to connect people with music worldwide but also to be innovative. 3D-printed violins are a key part of that mission.
　　A 3D-printed violin not only works correctly but is also able to be made at a 　fraction　 of the cost of a traditional instrument. Considering that low-cost beginner violins cost around $500， this is a significant price reduction and will make these beautiful instruments accessible to more people.
　　Mary Elizabeth Brown， director of the AVIVA Young Artists Program， said， “Our goals are to explore the new sound world using new materials， use the new technology in other fields， and make music education continuable and accessible through the printing of more durable instruments. The next step is to lower the costs of production while making such instruments more widely available， especially in the educational field.”
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了3D打印小提琴，使此乐器更加平民化。
1.What is the first paragraph mainly about？（　　）
A.The popularity of 3D printing.
B.The importance of innovation.
C.A new way of making violins.
D.A tradition of playing the violin.
解析：C　段落大意题。根据第一段可知，第一段主要讲的是一种制作小提琴的新方法。
2.What do we know about AVIVA Young Artists Program？（　　）
A.It makes it easy to play the violin.
B.It is trying to cut the cost of a violin.
C.It helps violinists become famous.
D.It is hoping to improve education.
解析：B　推理判断题。根据第二段内容尤其最后一句可推知，AVIVA青年艺术家正计划试图降低小提琴的成本。
3.What does the underlined word “fraction” in Paragraph 4 probably mean？（　　）
A.Rate.　　　　　　　 B.Rise.
C.Huge amount.　 D.Small part.
解析：D　词义猜测题。根据第四段第一句可知，此处表示3D打印小提琴不仅可以正常工作，而且制造成本仅为传统乐器的一小部分。故可猜测画线单词fraction意为“小部分”。
4.Why does the author mention Mary Elizabeth Brown’s words about the program？（　　）
A.To show expectations of it. B.To explore the birth of it.
C.To prove the value of it. D.To spread the idea of it.
解析：A　推理判断题。根据最后一段可推知，作者提到玛丽·伊丽莎白·布朗关于这个项目的话是为了表示对它的期望。
B
　　Barbara McClintock was one of the most important scientists of the twentieth century.She made important discoveries about genes and chromosomes （染色体）.
　　Barbara McClintock was born in 1902 in Hartford， Connecticut.Her family moved to the Brooklyn area of New York City in 1908.Barbara was an active child with interest in sports and music.She also developed an interest in science.
　　She studied science at Cornell University in Ithaca， New York.Barbara was among a small number of undergraduate students to receive training in genetics in 1921.Years later， she noted that few college students desired to study genetics.
　　Barbara McClintock decided to study botany， the scientific study of plants， at Cornell University.She completed her undergraduate studies in 1923.McClintock decided to continue her education at Cornell University.She completed a master’s degree in 1925.Two years later， she finished all her requirements for a doctorate.
　　McClintock stayed at Cornell University after she completed her education.She taught students botany.The 1930s was not a good time to be a young scientist in the United States.The country was in the middle of the Great Depression.Millions of Americans were unemployed.Male scientists were offered jobs.But female geneticists were not much in demand.
　　An old friend from Cornell University， Marcus Morton Rhoades， invited McClintock to spend the summer of 1941 working at the Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory.It was a research centre on Long Island， near New York City.McClintock started in a temporary job with the genetics department.A short time later， she accepted a permanent position in the laboratory.This gave her the freedom to continue her research without having to teach or repeatedly ask for financial aid.
　　By the 1970s， her discoveries had had a significant effect on everything from genetic engineering to cancer research.McClintock won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1983 for her discovery of the ability of genes to change positions on chromosomes.She was the first American woman to win an unshared Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了芭芭拉·麦克林托克的经历，她是二十世纪影响力最大的科学家之一，在基因和染色体方面有重大发现并获得诺贝尔奖。
5.When did McClintock get a doctorate？（　　）
A.In 1921.　　　　　　 B.In 1923.
C.In 1925.　 D.In 1927.
解析：D　细节理解题。根据第四段中的She completed a master’s degree in 1925.Two years later， she finished all her requirements for a doctorate.可知，麦克林托克于1927年获得博士学位。
6.In the middle of the Great Depression in the US， 　　　　.（　　）
A.male geneticists were in great demand
B.young scientists might have trouble finding a job
C.female geneticists were not in demand at all
D.male scientists lost their jobs and were out of work
解析：B　推理判断题。根据第五段中的The 1930s was not a good time to be a young scientist ... But female geneticists were not much in demand.可推知，年轻的科学家在经济大萧条时期很难找到工作。
7.Which of the following jobs was beneficial to McClintock’s research？（　　）
A.A job as a botany teacher.
B.A temporary job in the genetics department.
C.A permanent position in the laboratory.
D.A job on cancer.
解析：C　细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的A short time later， she accepted a permanent position ...to teach or repeatedly ask for financial aid.可知，在实验室长期工作对她的研究是有利的。
8.Why was McClintock awarded a Nobel Prize？（　　）
A.Because she received a degree in genetics.
B.Because she contributed to genetic engineering and cancer research.
C.Because she made important discoveries about genes and chromosomes.
D.Because she was the first American woman who studied genes and chromosomes.
解析：C　细节理解题。根据最后一段中的McClintock won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1983 for her discovery of the ability of genes to change positions on chromosomes.可知，由于她在基因与染色体方面的发现，她获得了诺贝尔奖。
Ⅱ.完形填空
　　I have invented robots that crawl （爬） through pipes to check them for damage.Two of my 　9　 allow cars to be used as power plants on wheels.My love of building things 　10　 when I was a kid.It wasn’t until I learned about Thomas Edison， though， that I really became excited about inventing.
　　When I was in the fourth grade， our teacher gave us a 　11　 .We had to write to a company and learn about the 　12　 it made.Each student would then give a report in front of the class.I 　13　 the Thomas A.Edison Company.
　　Soon after I wrote to the company， our mailman 　14　 a package to me.It contained a book about the life of Thomas Edison.How I 　15　 reading and rereading about his inventions！ The ones that impressed me most were movies， recorded sound and the electric light.Edison became my hero.
　　My dad noticed my interest in invention and 　16　 me.He showed me how to turn my ideas into plans and， finally into new things.
　　Together， my dad and I repaired radios and televisions.Once， I surprised my dad with a 　17　 I made to adjust the brakes （刹车） of our car.Later， we found a similar tool in a store.That’s when I learned that 　18　 inventors often invent similar things.It is not 　19　 for this to happen.I learned， too， that not all great ideas work.　20　 is a common part of the invention process.
　　As my father and I worked together， I began to 　21　 that my dad was quite an inventor himself.His guiding hands， combined with my 　22　 in invention， led me to become an engineer and inventor.But I am 　23　 to Thomas Edison， too， for first lighting that bulb （电灯泡） inside me.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。作者从小对发明感兴趣，通过做学习课题任务，他更加热爱发明和崇拜爱迪生。在爸爸的影响和帮助下，他最终成为一个发明家。
9.A.approaches　 B.experiments
C.inventions　 D.conclusions
解析：C　根据第一句中的have invented robots及下文内容可以看出，此处意为“我的两项发明”。
10.A.died　 B.began
C.faded　 D.won
解析：B　根据空后的when I was a kid可知，作者从孩童时起就爱建造东西。
11.A.project　 B.lesson
C.surprise　 D.present
解析：A　根据下文可知，这是老师分配给学生做的课题。
12.A.decisions　 B.products
C.orders　 D.accounts
解析：B　根据语境可知，此处指了解公司产品。
13.A.joined　 B.owned
C.started　 D.chose
解析：D　根据本段内容可知，作者要了解公司产品，然后在班级里作报告，因此作者选择了Thomas A.Edison这家公司。
14.A.opened　 B.offered
C.delivered　 D.lent
解析：C　根据空前mailman可知，此处指“邮递员派送包裹”。
15.A.enjoyed　 B.minded
C.avoided　 D.hated
解析：A　作者非常崇拜爱迪生，因此喜欢阅读有关爱迪生的发明的书。
16.A.stopped　 B.blamed
C.controlled　 D.encouraged
解析：D　根据下文He showed me how to turn my ideas into plans and， finally into new things.可推知，爸爸鼓励作者继续发明。
17.A.tool　 B.promise
C.mistake　 D.trick
解析：A　根据下文Later， we found a similar tool in a store.可知，作者他们在商店发现了类似的工具，因此此处指“工具”。
18.A.young　 B.different
C.great　 D.real
解析：B　那时作者才知道，不同的发明家经常发明类似的东西。
19.A.reasonable　 B.improper
C.practical　 D.unusual
解析：D　作者在学习发明的过程中了解到，不同的发明家会发明类似的东西，这种情况很常见。
20.A.Imagination　 B.Failure
C.Happiness　 D.Wealth
解析：B　根据上文I learned， too， that not all great ideas work.可知，不是所有的很棒的想法都能实现，因此失败是发明过程中常有的事。
21.A.hope　 B.suggest
C.realise　 D.consider
解析：C　当父亲和作者一起工作时，他开始意识到父亲自己也是一个发明家。
22.A.honor　 B.difficulty
C.experience　 D.interest
解析：D　根据文章开头的讲述可知，作者从小就对发明感兴趣。
23.A.grateful　 B.polite
C.related　 D.equal
解析：A　但作者也很感谢托马斯·爱迪生，因为是他第一次点燃了作者内心的那只电灯泡。
Ⅲ.语法填空
　　As the old Chinese saying goes， “Humanity’s most fundamental relationship is with what we eat.” Although food 24.　　　　　　 （consider） an important part in Chinese culture for years， hunger remained a huge problem in the country until the 1970s.
　　However， 25.　　　　　　 Chinese scientist Yuan Longping helped get this problem fixed.Yuan devoted all his life to 26.　　　　　　 （develop） hybrid rice varieties， which now account for about two 27.　　　　　　 （three） of China’s rice crops.So， it’s no wonder 28.　　　　　　 he’s known as the “Father of Hybrid Rice”.And thanks to China’s Belt and Road Initiative， Yuan’s hybrid rice is now 29.　　　　　　 （access） to people around the world， and helps solve food problems 30.　　　　　 （globe）.
　　In spite of his great knowledge， Yuan understood that even the 31.　　　　　　 （wise） people should still be open 32.　　　　　　 learning new things.“The farmers of our country possess rich experience in planting rice and I learn from them，” he once said.“The honor actually 33.　　　　　　 （belong） to them.”
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了中国“杂交水稻之父”袁隆平的相关事迹。
24.is considered/has been considered　考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知，“食物是中国文化重要的组成部分”是一般事实，因此使用一般现在时，另根据句中for years和until the 1970s可知，该句也可使用现在完成时。主语food和consider之间是动宾关系，因此需使用被动语态。故填is considered或has been considered。
25.the　考查冠词。设空处特指中国科学家袁隆平。故填the。
26.developing　考查非谓语动词。devote ...to doing sth意为“致力于做某事；奉献于做某事”。故填developing。
27.thirds　考查序数词。表达分数时，分母需使用序数词，且分子大于1时，序数词要用复数形式。故填thirds。
28.that　考查名词性从句。it is no wonder that ...意为“难怪……”，it在句中作形式主语，that引导的从句为真正的主语。故填that。
29.accessible　考查形容词。设空处在句中作表语应用形容词。故填accessible。
30.globally　考查副词。设空处在句中作状语应用副词。故填globally。
31.wisest　考查形容词的最高级。定冠词the后接形容词最高级。故填wisest。
32.to　考查介词。be open to doing sth“对……保持开放态度”。故填to。
33.belongs　考查动词的时态和主谓一致。该句陈述一般事实，且主语是不可数名词，谓语应使用一般现在时的单数形式。故填belongs。
11 / 11单元素养提升
◇本单元语法学了什么内容？ 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 ◇自我评价 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
◇本单元写作练了哪个方面？ 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
回顾单元知识·提高语言能力
一、核心单词
1.　shoot　 v.　　 　射出（光、亮等），放射
2.　desire　 n.　　渴望，欲望
3.　beyond　 prep.　　无法……
4.　instance　 n.　　例子，实例
5.　significant　 adj.　　重要的，影响深远的
6.　injure　 v.　　使受伤，弄伤
7.　origin　 n.　　起源，起因
8.　theory　 n.　　学说，理论
9.　mental　 adj.　　精神的；精神健康的
10.　cure　 n.　　药剂；疗法
11.　conduct　 v.　　传导（热、电）
12.　account　 n.　　记述，描述
13.　procedure　 n.　　程序，步骤，手续
Ⅰ.选用上面单词并用其适当形式填空
1.I have a strong 　desire　 to visit the old castle， whose door is painted red.
2.His movie won several awards at the film festival， which was 　beyond　 his expectation.
3.The fact is that not all the 　instances　 confirm that hard work can lead to success.
4.My boyfriend and my best friend had a quarrel on this 　significant　 occasion， and unfortunately I found myself caught in between.
5.These measures are aimed at bringing scientific 　theories　 and knowledge to practical application.
6.There were many opinions about the 　origin　 of life at that time.
7.Remember these 　procedures　 and try to do the experiment by yourself.
8.Copper 　conducts　 electricity well， which is known to most of us.
二、拓展单词
1.　press　 v.按，压→pressure n.压力，挤压
2.　flexible　 adj.易弯曲的，柔韧的→flexibly adv.灵活地；有弹性地→flexibility n.灵活性；柔韧度
3.　capable　 adj.有能力的→incapable adj.没有能力的→capability n.才能，能力
4.　declaration　 n.声明，宣告→declare vt.宣布；声明
5.　attach　 v.系，绑；贴→attached adj.依恋的，附加的
6.　scientific　 adj.科学（上）的→science n.科学→scientist n.科学家
7.　entirely　 adv.完全地，彻底地→entire adj.整个的；完全的；全部的
8.　proof　 n.证明，证据→prove v.证明；证实linking v.证明是；被发现是
Ⅱ.用所给单词的适当形式填空
1.The most pleasant thing of the rainy season is that one can be 　entirely　 （entire） free from dust.
2.Athletes must perform well under extreme 　pressure　 （press）， especially in big events such as Olympic Games.
3.Online learning resources would cease to be effective or even have negative effects if the students should fail to use them wisely and 　flexibly　 （flexible）.
4.Since reform and opening-up， China has made remarkable achievements in 　scientific　 （science） and technological innovation.
5.In 1863， President Lincoln issued a 　declaration　 （declare） calling for the last Thursday of November to be observed as a day of Thanksgiving.
三、重点短语
1.　as well as　　　也，还，除……之外
2.　in addition　　　除此之外，另外
3.　in terms of　　　在……方面，就……而言
4.　start with　　　从……开始
5.　lead to　　　导致；通向
6.　virtual reality　　　虚拟现实
7.　wearable tech　　　可穿戴技术
8.　be used to do sth　　　被用来做某事
9.　never say never　　　别轻易说决不
10.　apart from　　　除……之外
11.　be named after　　　以……命名
12.　be attached to　　　被固定到/附在……上
13.　along with　　　与……一起
14.　take place　　　发生，举行
15.　die from　　　死于
16.　come up with　　　提出；想出
Ⅲ.选用上面短语并用其适当形式填空
1.I don’t know who 　came up with　 this idea， but it is really wonderful.
2.The plotlines （主要情节） of cartoons are simple and they often 　take place　 at home or school.
3.　Apart from　 a small team of paid staff， the organization is made up of unpaid volunteers.
4.It is often a good idea to 　start with　 small， easily achievable goals.
5.Previous behavioural studies have shown that learning new information can 　lead to　 forgetting.
6.　In terms of　 content， the article is good， but it is written poorly.
7.American children eat too many snacks between meals.　In addition　， they drink too many sugary drinks.
四、经典句式
1.“find＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构
And now， we 　find ourselves in the great new age of technology　 （发现自己正处于伟大的科技新时代）.
2.“with＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构（with复合结构）
It is capable of using GPS technology to travel to different places， 　with computing technology controlling its “legs”　 （计算机技术则控制着它的“双腿”）.
3.强调句型的特殊疑问句：疑问词＋is/was＋it＋that ...？
So 　what is it that　 （是什么） inspires us to invent things？
4.neither ...nor ...连接并列成分
However， 　neither the story nor the details of the experiment　 （不管是故事本身还是实验细节都并非） are entirely true.
Ⅳ.补全句子
1.He returned home， only to 　find one of his fingers injured　.
他回到家却发现自己的一根手指受伤了。
2.　With the young man leading the way　， the travelers walked to the hotel soon.
因为有那个年轻人带路，游客们很快就步行到了酒店。
3.　Who was it that　 picked up your key in the campus yesterday？
昨天是谁在校园里捡到你的钥匙的？
4.　Neither his family nor he has been there　 before.
他的家人和他以前都没去过那儿。
整合话题元素·增强思维品质
1.The question mark is the key to any science.
问号是开启所有科学的钥匙。
2.With science and technology developing fast， our life at present is quite different from that in the past.
随着科学技术的快速发展，我们现在的生活与过去有很大的不同。
3.It was because of the great breakthrough she made in medicine that the Chinese scientist Tu Youyou won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine.
中国科学家屠呦呦正是因其在医学上的重大突破而获得诺贝尔生理学或医学奖。
4.The pursuit of objective truth and knowledge is the highest and eternal goal of human beings.
追求客观真理和知识是人类最高的和永恒的目标。
5.Science and technology is the primary productive force.
科学技术是第一生产力。
6.The ancient Chinese are associated with many important inventions， some of which have changed the world， and many of which we still use today.
古代中国人与许多重要发明有关，其中一些已经改变了世界，许多我们今天仍在使用。
7.Because of the invention of paper， the Chinese were one of the first nations to start recording histories in the world.
由于纸的发明，中国是世界上最早开始记录历史的国家之一。
8.Science is endless.It is an eternal mystery.
— Einstein
科学是永无止境的，它是一个永恒之谜。
——爱因斯坦
4 / 4Section Ⅳ　Writing an experiment report
Step 1　品教材范文
　　The experiment is designed to prove whether air pressure really exists.
　　At the beginning of the experiment， I prepared the materials， including a boiled egg， a glass bottle whose neck is a bit smaller than the egg and some hot water.With all the things prepared， the experiment began.
　　First， I removed the shell of the egg.Then， I carefully poured some hot water into the bottle， and shook the bottle gently.After a few minutes， I poured out the hot water.Just at the same time， I quickly placed the egg on top of the bottle.To my amazement， the egg squeezed into the bottle at once.
After the experiment， I can draw the conclusion that air pressure indeed exists， and it is very powerful.It is the force of the air that pushed the egg into the bottle.
Step 2　析写作手法
学语言：
1.使用动词短语be designed to，表明了实验目的。
2.使用介词including，列举了实验所准备的材料。
3.使用with复合结构，对做实验前的准备工作做了总结。
4.使用first， then， after a few minutes， just at the same time，使实验步骤一目了然。
5.使用强调句，突出实验所得出的结论。
学结构：
Introduction：introduce the aim of the experiment.→Main body：describe the materials used in the experiment and explain the procedure.→Conclusion：report the results and what you have learnt.
Step 3　背出彩佳句
1.描写实验目的
（1）...carry out an experiment to find out ...
（2）The aim of the experiment is to find ...
（3）...with the purpose of discovering ...
2.描写实验器材
（1）To carry out/do/perform the experiment， you need ...
（2）The following things are needed ...
（3）The following apparatus is used ...
3.描写实验方法或步骤
（1）...make good preparations for ...
（2）It is important that ...
（3）...do the experiment as follows.
（firstly， secondly， thirdly， finally； first， then， next， after that， two hours’ later； after several days）
（4）find a better way of doing ...
（5）...make a good study of ...
4.描写实验结果和结论
（1）From this experiment we can conclude ...
（2）...draw/come to the conclusion that ...
（3）We can learn from the experiment that ...
（4）We can find out that ...
（5）You can see/discover ...
（6）In conclusion ...
　　假定你是李华，请你根据下面表格中的内容写一篇实验报告。
实验目的 查明铝（aluminium）在空气中加热后重量是否会发生变化
实验器材 铝片，本生灯（Bunsen burner），天平，坩埚（crucible），坩埚钳（tongs）
实验步骤 1.把铝片放在坩埚里，然后放在天平上称重； 2.点燃本生灯，将盛有铝片的坩埚移到本生灯上，加热三分钟； 3.再称坩埚和铝片的重量
实验结果 比加热前略重些
实验结论 铝在空气中加热后，重量会发生变化
注意：1.写作词数应为80左右；
2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
一、审题谋篇，结构分明
明确体裁 实验报告
确定时态和人称 一般过去时为主；第三人称为主
布局文章架构 第一段：实验的目的和器材； 第二段：实验步骤； 第三段：实验结果和结论
二、要点陈述，语言规范
1.我们今天做了一个实验。实验的目的是找出铝加热后重量是否有变化。
　Today we carried out an experiment.Its aim was to find out if there is a change in weight after aluminium is heated.　
2.为了进行实验，我们准备了以下器材：铝片、本生灯、天平、坩埚和坩埚钳。
　To carry out the experiment，we prepared the following equipment： pieces of aluminium，a Bunsen burner，a balance，a crucible and a pair of tongs.　
3.步骤如下。
　The stages were as follows.　
4.首先，我们把一片铝放在坩埚里。
　First， we put a piece of aluminium in the crucible.　
5.然后我们把坩埚放在天平上称了称。
　Then we put the crucible on the balance and weighed it.　
6.在那之后，我们把盛着铝的坩埚放在本生灯火焰上。
　After that， we held the crucible with aluminium in it over the Bunsen burner’s flame.　
7.最后，我们把坩埚和里面的铝放在天平上，再称一称。
　Finally， we put the crucible with the aluminium in it on the balance and weighed it again.　
8.我们发现它比之前重了一点。
　We found it weighed a little more than before.　
9.实验过后，我们得出结论：铝加热时重量有变化。
　After the experiment， we drew a conclusion：There is a change in weight after aluminium is heated.　
三、句间衔接，过渡自然
1.用定语从句改写要点1。
　Today we carried out an experiment，whose aim was to find out if there is a change in weight after aluminium is heated.　
2.用同位语从句改写要点9。
　After the experiment， we drew a conclusion that there is a change in weight after aluminium is heated.　
四、检查誊写，卷面整洁
　　　Today we carried out an experiment， whose aim was to find out if there is a change in weight after aluminium is heated.To carry out the experiment，we prepared the following equipment：pieces of aluminium， a Bunsen burner， a balance， a crucible and a pair of tongs.　
　　　The stages were as follows.First， we put a piece of aluminium in the crucible.Then we put the crucible on the balance and weighed it.Next，we lighted the Bunsen burner.After that，we held the crucible with aluminium in it over the Bunsen burner’s flame.Finally，we put the crucible with the aluminium in it on the balance and weighed it again.We found it weighed a little more than before.　
　　　After the experiment， we drew a conclusion that there is a change in weight after aluminium is heated.　
人物描写 capable adj.有能力的 never say never 别轻易说决不 brilliant adj.聪颖的，才华横溢的 biologist n.生物学家
动作描写 shoot v.射出（光线等），放射；拍摄 injure v.使受伤，弄伤
环境描写 species n.物种 battery n.电池 compass n.指南针，罗盘 flash n.闪光 stuff n.东西，物品
一、翻译句子
1.生物学家蒂姆对在森林中发现的稀有物种感到兴奋和惊讶，他沉浸在拍摄它们的照片中。
　Excited and surprised at the rare species found in the forest，Tim，a biologist，was immersed in shooting pictures of them.　
2.当他的手机电池没电时，他才意识到自己在森林中迷路了。
　It was when his cellphone battery ran out that he realised that he was lost in the forest.　
3.没有指南针和地图，他以为自己不能走出去。
　Without compass and map，he thought he wasn’t capable of walking out.　
4.他被绊倒了，弄伤了腿。
　He tripped and injured his leg.　
5.经过无数次的尝试和失败，他看到了主干道上的闪光。
　After numerous attempts and failures，he saw the flash on the main road.　
6.在那一刻，他激动得无法形容。
　At that moment， he was excited beyond description.　
7.他自言自语地说：“为了求生带足物品是很重要的。”
“　It was significant to take enough stuff for survival，” he said to himself.　
二、连句成篇
　　　Excited and surprised at the rare species found in the forest， Tim， a biologist，was immersed in shooting pictures of them.It was when his cellphone battery ran out that he realised that he was lost in the forest.Without compass and map，he thought he wasn’t capable of walking out.He tripped and injured his leg.After numerous attempts and failures，he saw the flash on the main road.At that moment，he was excited beyond description.“It was significant to take enough stuff for survival，” he said to himself.　
Ⅰ.阅读理解
　　Born in 1918， in the little town of White Sulphur Springs， West Virginia， Katherine Johnson was simply attracted by numbers.As a child， she counted everything.She counted the steps to the road， the steps up to the church， the number of dishes she washed ...By the time she was 10 years old， she was a high school freshman， which was truly amazing in a time when school for African-Americans normally stopped at eighth grade.To fulfil her maths potential， her father drove his family 120 miles to Institute， West Virginia， where blacks could continue high school education.Johnson’s excellent performance proved her father’s decision was the right one：Katherine skipped grades （跳级） to graduate from high school at 14 and from college at 18.
　　In 1953， after years as a teacher and later as a stay-at-home mum， she began working for NASA， which began hiring women to measure and calculate the results of wind tunnel （风洞） tests in 1935.In a time before the electronic computers， these women were called the “computer”.Even after NASA began using electronic computers， the astronaut John Glenn requested that Katherine should personally recheck the calculations made by the new electronic computers before his flight.
　　She continued to work at NASA until 1986.Her calculations proved momentous to the success of the Apollo moon-landing programme and the United States’ journey into space.Her story was the basis for the 2016 film Hidden Figures.
　　Katherine Johnson， a great mathematician， physicist， space scientist and the last “computer” that wore skirts， passed away on 24 February 2020.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了伟大的数学家、物理学家、太空科学家和被称为“最后一台穿裙子的计算机”的凯瑟琳·约翰逊凭借自己的数学天赋为美国国家航空航天局作出重要贡献的故事。
1.What can be learnt from Paragraph 1？（　　）
A.Katherine left high school at eighth grade.
B.Katherine was gifted in maths as a child.
C.Katherine was required to count in her childhood.
D.African-Americans had a good education in the 1920s.
解析：B　细节理解题。根据第一段中的As a child， she counted everything.和To fulfil her maths potential可知，凯瑟琳从小就有数学天赋。
2.How long did Katherine work at NASA？（　　）
A.For 18 years.　　　　 B.For 33 years.
C.For 51 years.　 D.For 81 years.
解析：B　细节理解题。根据第二段中的In 1953 ...she began working for NASA及第三段中的She continued to work at NASA until 1986.可知，1953年她开始为美国国家航空航天局工作，直至1986年结束，一共是33年。
3.Which best explains the underlined word “momentous” in Paragraph 3？（　　）
A.Important.　 B.Successful.
C.Dangerous.　 D.Harmful.
解析：A　词义猜测题。根据第二段最后一句可知，即使在使用电子计算机之后，宇航员约翰·格伦也要求凯瑟琳亲自进行再次核对。由此可知，她的计算结果非常有价值。因此她的计算对阿波罗登月计划的成功和美国的太空之旅至关重要。
4.What’s the best title for the text？（　　）
A.Scientists at NASA
B.Katherine Johnson’s Education
C.A Great Mathematician’s Decision
D.Katherine Johnson， a Computer That Wore Skirts
解析：D　标题归纳题。通读全文可知，本文按照时间线索，讲述了被称为“最后一台穿裙子的计算机”的凯瑟琳·约翰逊每个阶段的优异表现和主要事迹，全文主要讲述她凭借自己的数学天赋为美国国家航空航天局作出的重要贡献。因此D项为本文最佳标题。
Ⅱ.完形填空
　　A 13-year-old girl from Connecticut came up with a smart idea and brightened the days of hundreds of sick kids.
　　　5　 to see her dear sister lying on the hospital bed three months ago， Ella Casano 　6　 the Medi Teddy， a stuffed animal bag that contains an IV pocket （静脉注射袋） .The back of the 　7　 consists of a net， allowing a doctor or nurse to see through and check on the liquid 　8　 that a child is receiving.From the front， the child sees a 　9　 face instead of the IV liquid pocket.
　　At the beginning， Ella hoped to 　10　 5，000 through a GoFundMe page， which would have allowed her to start producing 500 Medi Teddys， the smallest number 　11　 by the manufacturer （厂家） to do the job.　12　， in just over a week， Ella’s page collected more than 20，000.Although her sister recovered soon， Ella was amazed by the unexpected level of 　13　 and decided to work harder.
　　She shared with a local newspaper， “It turns out kids aren’t the only ones who get 　14　 by the Medi Teddy.The 　15　 for it has been quite obvious among patients， both children and adults， and even pet owners nationwide.We want to continue to 　16　 Medi Teddys to as many children as we can to make a 　17　 in their lives.”
　　The same motivation has also 　18　 Ella’s mum.“It’s really been heart-warming to receive such 　19　 emails from all over the world，” she said.“And it’s inspiring me to contribute to the process.”
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。13岁的埃拉·卡萨诺发明了一款名为“美迪泰迪熊”的毛绒玩具袋，里面有一个输液袋，受到了生病孩子们的欢迎。
5.A.Sad　　　　　　　　　 B.Nervous
C.Angry　 D.Surprised
解析：A　埃拉·卡萨诺看到自己亲爱的妹妹躺在医院的病床上，肯定心里很难过。
6.A.bought　 B.created
C.found　 D.filled
解析：B　根据文章首段可知，埃拉·卡萨诺发明了一款名为“美迪泰迪熊”的毛绒玩具袋，里面有一个输液袋。
7.A.basket　 B.bed
C.window　 D.bag
解析：D　根据语境可知，输液袋的背面有一个网兜。
8.A.medicine　 B.sugar
C.juice　 D.food
解析：A　根据常识可知，输液袋里面是药物。
9.A.serious　 B.strange
C.friendly　 D.common
解析：C　根据下文instead of the IV liquid pocket可知，孩子看到的是“美迪泰迪熊”友善的脸。
10.A.earn　 B.raise
C.exchange　 D.donate
解析：B　根据下文in just over a week， Ella’s page collected more than 20，000可知，埃拉希望通过GoFundMe页面筹集5，000美元，用来生产“美迪泰迪熊”。
11.A.changed　 B.collected
C.required　 D.reduced
解析：C　根据下文by the manufacturer （厂家） to do the job可知，厂家要求生产的最小数量是500。
12.A.Besides　 B.Anyway
C.Therefore　 D.However
解析：D　根据下文in just over a week， Ella’s page collected more than 20，000可知，埃拉希望筹集5，000美元，仅仅一周多的时间，埃拉就筹集了20，000多美元。前后语义为转折关系。
13.A.response　 B.competition
C.treatment　 D.performance
解析：A　根据下文and decided to work harder可知，埃拉对“美迪泰迪熊”出乎意料的受欢迎感到惊讶，这是人们对“美迪泰迪熊”的反应。
14.A.surrounded　 B.comforted
C.accepted　 D.connected
解析：B　根据下文by the Medi Teddy可知，孩子们可以从“美迪泰迪熊”那里得到安慰。
15.A.design　 B.reason
C.need　 D.test
解析：C　根据上文It turns out kids aren’t the only ones who get 　14　 by the Medi Teddy.可知，对“美迪泰迪熊”的需求很大。
16.A.leave behind　 B.show off
C.hand in　 D.give away
解析：D　根据下文to as many children as we can to make a 　17　 in their lives可知，埃拉想继续向尽可能多的孩子赠送“美迪泰迪熊”。
17.A.difference　 B.plan
C.deal　 D.decision
解析：A　根据上文We want to continue to 　16　 Medi Teddys可知，埃拉会继续向尽可能多的孩子赠送“美迪泰迪熊”，对他们的生活产生影响。
18.A.educated　 B.trained
C.advised　 D.impacted
解析：D　根据下文she said.“And it’s inspiring me to contribute to the process.”可知，埃拉的动机也影响了妈妈。
19.A.private　 B.formal
C.supportive　 D.humorous
解析：C　根据语境可知，埃拉妈妈收到来自世界各地支持的邮件。
Ⅲ.读后续写
　　阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
　　It’s a great pity that I had not put forth the amount of effort required. I had spent too much time playing with my friends instead of improving myself. I had let down my teacher， who was the kindest， sweetest， and prettiest one I had ever known. She laughed often， and never threatened any of us， yet she was able to “read” the children， control the class， and teach effectively. Miss Pratt put a lot of herself into her work. Every day near the close of school， she would read to us， or even better， tell us stories about when she was a little girl. Most importantly， she made us feel that she cared about us and that we were important.
　　Because of a serious car accident when I was three and a half years old， I had a scar （伤疤） below my nose that was the result of a torn upper lip. Everything else had healed up without any after effects physically， but my emotions remained scarred. Meanwhile， having been called “Chief Running Nose” and “Scarface” by many children， my confidence had suffered. Although my parents and relatives referred to me as pretty， I did not see myself that way.
　　Focusing on my scar， I could not appreciate any redeeming features （可取之处）. At the end of one school day， I remained in my classroom， waiting for the arrival of my mother， who was coming to take me to an appointment close to the school. Miss Pratt sat at her desk with a fellow teacher and chatted.
　　I glanced at the clock and realized it was time to get ready to leave. I put on my wool coat and hat. The teachers looked at my clothes and seemed to admire it. I was able to read their lips a little and my ears perked up to hear， “Who is she？ She is really cute.” My teacher Miss Pratt answered， “I agree. Bernice is quite pretty.”
注意：1.续写词数应为150左右；
2.请按如下格式作答。
　　“Pretty” caught my attention since it was almost my favourite word.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　About two months later， the final exam result was announced and I got the first place. 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
参考范文：
　　“Pretty” caught my attention since it was almost my favourite word. At that moment， I felt myself surrounded with a lot of warmth and love. I knew teachers would never lie. It was Miss Pratt who brought a lot of confidence to me. From that moment on， I made the decision to be one of the top students in my class to improve myself. Whatever it took and no matter how much time I would spend， I would try my best to succeed.
　　About two months later， the final exam result was announced and I got the first place. The moment Miss Pratt finished the announcement， the whole class cheered and clapped for me. For the first time I felt truly good about myself and I knew I had been motivated by Miss Pratt’s praise. This might not have occurred if I had not heard those kind words. Thank you so much， Miss Pratt！ What a great difference you have made！ I am determined to be a caring teacher like you！
8 / 8Section Ⅰ　 Starting out & Understanding ideas
The New Age of Invention
　　Interviewer：Good evening， and welcome to Between the Pages.This evening， [1]I’ll be talking to Dr Richard Fairhurst， whose new book The New Age of Invention has just been published.Welcome， Richard！
　　Richard：Thank you.[2]It’s a pleasure to be here.
　　Interviewer：I guess you have been asked about the title of your book before.[3]It suggests that the present① day is a new age for inventions， but many people might think that the great age of invention is over.
　　Richard：Well， that’s an interesting point②.[4]There have been golden ages of invention throughout history.Think of③ the four great inventions in Ancient China：gunpowder④， papermaking， printing and the compass⑤.These things changed the world forever.Then there were the great Western inventions：the steam engine， the telephone and the radio.And now， we [5]find ourselves in the great new age of technology.
　　[1]句中I’ll be talking to ...为将来进行时；whose引导定语从句，在从句中作new book的定语。
　　[2]It’s a pleasure to do sth很高兴做某事。It是形式主语，动词不定式短语是真正的主语。
　　[3]suggest此处意思是“表明”，that引导宾语从句；另外，suggest还可以表示“建议”。
　　[4]There be句型的现在完成时形式。
　　[5]find oneself in ...发现自己处于……的状态，为“find＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构。
　　Interviewer：So are most of the new great inventions tech-based？
　　Richard：A lot， yes.For example， advances in virtual reality⑥ and wearable tech⑦， as well as⑧ the flexible⑨ battery⑩， mean we should soon be seeing further developments .In addition ， important advances have been made in medicine and environmental science thanks to increasing computer power .
　　Interviewer：Can you give us some examples ？
　　Richard：Sure.New inventions like 3D printers have been used to make replacement hearts and bone parts.In terms of the environment， [6]it is now possible to create an intelligent walking house.It is capable of using GPS technology to travel to different places， [7]with computing technology controlling its “legs”.What’s more ， huge advances in solar technology mean it can be eco-friendly ， too.
　　[6]it is possible to do sth做某事是可能的。
　　[7]with的复合结构作状语。computing technology为宾语，controlling its “legs”为动词-ing短语作宾语补足语。
　　Interviewer：Impressive stuff ！I’ve also been told that you’re an inventor yourself.Is that correct？
　　Richard：Yes， I am， but I’m only one member of a big team — most inventors now work as part of big international teams.
　　Interviewer：I see .So [8]what is it that inspires us to invent things？
　　Richard：Most inventions start with recognising a problem [9]that needs a solution.This was no doubt the reason behind the invention of the wheel in ancient times， [10]which much later developed into the car.Now， reduced energy supplies and environmental pollution have led to more advances in the technology of new energy vehicles.But [11]what remains important is that we have an incredible desire to think and create， and that’s the real spirit of invention.
　　Interviewer：One last question.This is [12]the one everyone really wants to know：will anybody ever invent a time machine？
　　Richard：I think [13]you’ve been watching too many movies！Nothing like this has been invented yet and I’d say we’re a long way from an invention like that at the moment！But， as they say， “Never say never ！”
　　[8]强调句的特殊疑问句形式：疑问词＋is/was＋it＋that ...？
　　[9]that引导定语从句，修饰先行词a problem， that在从句中作主语，不可以省略。
　　[10]which引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词the wheel， which在从句中作主语。
　　[11]what引导主语从句，what在从句中作主语；that引导表语从句，不可省略。
　　[12]the one为替代词，指代前面的question；everyone really wants to know为省略了关系词的定语从句。
　　[13]have been doing sth 是现在完成进行时，表示从过去某时开始一直持续到现在的动作。
【读文清障】
①present adj.当前的；在场的
②point n.观点
point of view 观点
③think of 想到，想起
④gunpowder n.火药
⑤compass n.指南针，罗盘
⑥virtual adj.虚拟的，模拟的
virtual reality 虚拟现实
⑦wearable tech 可穿戴技术
⑧as well as 也；还；除……之外（也）；而且
⑨flexible adj.易弯曲的，柔韧的
⑩battery n.电池（复数为batteries）
further developments 进一步的发展
in addition 除此之外，另外
thanks to 多亏，幸亏，由于
increasing adj.不断增长的
power n.能力；功率；力量；权力；强国
give sb some examples 给某人举例说明
replacement n.代替；替换，替代品
replace v.代替；取代
in terms of 在……方面；就……而言
intelligent adj.聪明的；理解力强的
capable adj.有能力的
be capable of doing sth 有能力做某事
what’s more 而且；此外
eco-friendly adj.环保的，对环境无害的
stuff n.东西，物品
inventor n.发明家
invent v.发明
work as作为
I see 我明白了
inspire sb to do sth 激励某人做某事
start with 从……开始
no doubt 无疑地；很可能，确实地
develop into 发展成，演化为
reduced adj.减少的
environmental adj.环境的，与环境有关的
lead to 通向，导致
have an desire to do sth 有做某事的欲望
never say never 别轻易说决不
【参考译文】
新发明时代
采访人：晚上好，欢迎来到《字里行间》。今晚的嘉宾是理查德·费尔赫斯特博士，他的新书《新发明时代》刚刚出版。欢迎您，理查德！
理查德：谢谢！很高兴能来到这里。
采访人：我猜已经有人就书名向您提问了。书名提示现在是发明创造的新时代，但可能很多人都认为辉煌的发明时代已经结束了。
理查德：嗯，这个观点很有意思。纵观历史，我们经历过很多发明创造的黄金时代。想想中国古代的四大发明：火药、造纸术、印刷术和指南针。它们永远地改变了世界。而后西方也出现了蒸汽机、电话、广播等伟大的发明。而现在，我们发现自己正处于伟大的科技新时代。
采访人：所以大多数伟大的新发明都是科技产品吗？
理查德：是的，很多都是。比如说，虚拟现实、可穿戴科技设备与柔性电池技术的进步意味着我们很快会看到更多相关领域的产品研发。此外，得益于不断强化的计算机能力，医药与环境科学也取得了重要进展。
采访人：您能给我们举几个例子吗？
理查德：当然可以。3D打印机之类的新发明已经应用于制作移植心脏与部分骨骼。在环境领域，建造智能可移动房屋现在已成为可能。它能依靠全球定位系统技术四处移动，计算机技术则控制着它的“双腿”。此外，太阳能技术的巨大进步也意味着它可以很环保。
采访人：真是了不起的发明！我听说您自己也是个发明家。是这样吗？
理查德：是的。但我只是一个大型团队中的一分子——大多数发明家现在都在大型国际团队中工作。
采访人：明白了。那么是什么激励着我们进行发明创造呢？
理查德：发现某个需要解决的问题，这是绝大多数发明的起点。古代轮子的发明无疑也是如此，后来演变为汽车。现在，能源供应紧缩与环境污染推动了新能源汽车技术的进一步发展。不过有一点依旧重要，就是我们对思考与创造有着一种极度的渴望，而这正是真正的发明精神。
采访人：最后一个问题，也是大家都很想知道的：会有人发明出时光机吗？
理查德：我觉得您是电影看多了！目前还没有类似的发明，而且我认为，我们离这样的发明还远着呢！不过，就像人们说的：“凡事没有绝对！”
第一步：析架构理清脉络
第二步：知细节明察秋毫
1.What is the theme of the text about？（　　）
A.The book The New Age of Invention has been published.
B.The present day is a new age for inventions.
C.The great age of invention is over.
D.There have been the golden ages of invention throughout history.
2.Why does Richard mention the four great inventions in Ancient China？（　　）
A.To prove the golden ages of invention in history.
B.To tell us the importance of the four inventions.
C.To share his knowledge about the four inventions.
D.To compare them with the great Western inventions.
3.What new inventions are NOT mentioned in the text？（　　）
A.Virtual reality and wearable tech.
B.The flexible battery and the 3D printers.
C.The inventions made by Richard.
D.The replacement of human organs.
4.What’s Richard’s attitude to inventing a time machine？（　　）
A.Negative.　　　　　B.Optimistic. C.Critical.　 D.Supportive.
5.What do we know about the new great inventions today？（　　）
A.All of them are tech-based.
B.Computer technology helps a lot.
C.The solar technology is always eco-friendly.
D.A solution to a problem is an invention.
答案：1－5　BACBB
第三步：品语言妙笔生辉
1.Read the passage carefully and find the sentences describing the advances in medicine and environmental science.
　（1）New inventions like 3D printers have been used to make replacement hearts and bone parts.　
　（2）In terms of the environment， it is now possible to create an intelligent walking house.　
　（3）It is capable of using GPS technology to travel to different places， with computing technology controlling its “legs”.　
　（4）What’s more， huge advances in solar technology mean it can be eco-friendly， too.　
2.Read the passage carefully and find the sentence describing the real spirit of invention.
　But what remains important is that we have an incredible desire to think and create， and that’s the real spirit of invention.　
3.Read the passage carefully and find the sentences showing positive predictions about the future.
　（1）For example， advances in virtual reality and wearable tech， as well as the flexible battery， mean we should soon be seeing further developments.　
　（2）But， as they say， “Never say never！”　
第四步：拓思维品质提升
1.Do you think the present day is a new age for inventions？Why？
　Yes， I do.Thanks to computer power， important advances have been made.　
2.What should you do in the new age of invention？
　As a senior high school student， I should make full use of time to learn knowledge.　
第五步：析难句表达升级
1.It suggests that the present day is a new age for inventions， but many people might think that the great age of invention is over.
句式分析 本句是一个并列复合句，but前的分句为复合句，that the present day is a new age for inventions为that引导的　宾语　从句；but后的分句也是复合句，that the great age of invention is over也是一个由that引导的　宾语　从句。
自主翻译 　书名提示现在是发明创造的新时代，但可能很多人都认为辉煌的发明时代已经结束了。　
2.This was no doubt the reason behind the invention of the wheel in ancient times，which much later developed into the car.
句式分析 句中the reason behind the invention of the wheel in ancient times是表语；no doubt为副词短语修饰主句；which much later developed into the car是which引导的　非限制性定语　从句，修饰the wheel。
自主翻译 　古代轮子的发明无疑也是如此，后来演变为汽车。　
Part Ⅰ　核心词汇集释
press v.按，压；敦促 n.压，按；出版社；报刊；新闻界
【教材原句】　Presently I am going to press the lever， and off the machine will go.It will vanish， pass into future time， and disappear.
我马上就要按下这个操纵杆，机器将会飞出去。它会消失不见，来到将来时间，又失踪。
【用法】
（1）press sb to do sth　　催促某人做某事 press ...against/to ...　　把……压/挤/贴在…… （2）pressure n.　　压力 put pressure on sb　　给某人施加压力 under pressure　　　在压力之下，承受压力 peer pressure　　同龄压力 under the pressure of　　在……的压力下
【佳句】　Out of curiosity， the little girl pressed her nose against/to the shop window.
出于好奇，小女孩把她的鼻子贴在商店的橱窗上。
【练透】　单句语法填空
①The final exams can be really stressful， causing a lot of anxiety and 　pressure　 （press） among students.
②The committee pressed the volunteers 　to reveal　 （reveal） more information about the mysterious donor.
【写美】　补全句子
③I know studying is very important， but my parents 　put too much pressure on me　.
我知道学习很重要，但父母给我施加了太多的压力。
capable adj.有能力的
【教材原句】　It is capable of using GPS technology to travel to different places， with computing technology controlling its “legs”.
它能依靠全球定位系统技术四处移动，计算机技术则控制着它的“双腿”。
【用法】
（1）be capable of （doing） sth　有能力（做）某事 （2）capability n.　　能力；才能 the capability to do/of doing sth　　做某事的能力 beyond one’s capability　　超出某人的能力
【佳句】　Considering my personal conditions，I confidently think I am capable of doing it myself.
考虑到我的个人情况，我自信地认为我有能力自己做这件事。
【练透】　单句语法填空
①This work needs patience and skills，which is beyond my 　capability　 （capable）.
②Well educated， the pianist is capable 　of　 playing various songs on the piano.
【写美】　补全句子
③　Capable of speaking/With a capability to speak fluent English　， I have no difficulty communicating with foreign visitors.
我能说一口流利的英语，与外国游客交流没有困难。（自荐信）
desire n.渴望，欲望 vt.渴望，希望；要求
【教材原句】　But what remains important is that we have an incredible desire to think and create， and that’s the real spirit of invention.
不过有一点依旧重要，就是我们对思考与创造有着一种极度的渴望，而这正是真正的发明精神。
【用法】
（1）have a strong desire meet/satisfy one’s desire（s） 　满足某人的愿望 （2）desire to do sth　　渴望做某事 desire sb to do sth　　想要某人做某事 desire that ...（should） do sth　　要求……（应该）做某事
【佳句】　Our students come from different backgrounds but have the same desire for online learning.
我们的学生来自不同的背景，但都渴望在线学习。
【练透】　单句语法填空
①I desire that he 　（should） call　 （call） me on Monday morning.
②Many people desire 　to have　 （have） a robot in the digital times.
③The disappointed twins desired their father 　to tell　 （tell） them how to make sandwiches， and he nodded.
【写美】　补全句子
④Knowing you 　have a strong desire to learn Chinese well　， I’d like to offer you some suggestions.
得知你很想学好汉语，我想给你一些建议。（建议信）
Part Ⅱ　重点句型解构
句型公式：“find＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构
【教材原句】　And now， we find ourselves in the great new age of technology.
而现在，我们发现自己正处于伟大的科技新时代。
【用法】
（1）“find＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构的常见类型： find＋宾语＋ （2）在“find＋形式宾语it＋宾语补足语”结构中，宾语补足语通常是名词或形容词，真正的宾语往往是动词不定式。
【品悟】　Entering the yard， I found the ground covered with lots of fallen leaves.
进入院子，我发现地上覆盖着许多落叶。
【写美】　微写作
①很长一段时间之后，我发现这个年轻人很有能力。
After a long time， I 　found the young man （to be） very capable　.
②当她到家时，她发现她的宠物猫躺在院子里。
When she arrived home， she 　found her pet cat lying　 in the yard.
③我发现在这么狭窄的地方建个喷水池是不可能的。
I 　find it impossible to build　 a fountain in such a narrow place.
句型公式：with复合结构
【教材原句】　It is capable of using GPS technology to travel to different places， with computing technology controlling its “legs”.它能依靠全球定位系统技术四处移动，计算机技术则控制着它的“双腿”。
【用法】
句中的with computing technology controlling its “legs”是with复合结构，在句中作伴随状语。with复合结构在句中可作定语和状语，表示原因、时间、条件、伴随、方式等。 with复合结构的构成： ①with＋宾语＋介词短语/形容词/副词 ②with＋宾语＋doing（表示主动、进行） ③with＋宾语＋done（表示被动、完成） ④with＋宾语＋to do（表示将要发生）
【品悟】　With an important meeting to attend， I can’t go climbing with you the day after tomorrow.因为有一个重要的会议要参加，后天我不能和你去爬山了。
【写美】　微写作/句式升级
①他胳膊下夹着一本书走出了图书馆。
He went out of the library 　with a book under his arm　.
②有导游带我们参观这些景点，我们玩得很开心。
　With a guide showing us around　 the scenic spots， we had a good time.
③整个下午他都关着门待在房间里，谁也不想见。
All the afternoon， he stayed in the room 　with the door closed　， not wanting to see anyone.
④Because more and more forests were damaged，some animals and plants are facing the danger of dying out.
→　With more and more forests damaged　，some animals and plants are facing the danger of dying out.
句型公式：强调句的特殊疑问句：疑问词＋is/was＋it＋that ...？
【教材原句】　So what is it that inspires us to invent things？那么是什么激励着我们进行发明创造呢？
【用法】
本句为强调句的特殊疑问句，其基本结构为：疑问词＋is/was＋it＋that ...？ （1）强调句的基本结构：It is/was＋被强调部分＋that （指人时可用who）＋其他成分。被强调部分通常是句子的主语、宾语和状语。 （2）强调句的一般疑问句：Is/Was＋it＋被强调部分＋that （强调人时可用who） ...？ （3）not ...until ...引导的时间状语从句的强调句：It is/was not until＋被强调部分＋that＋其他成分。 （4）强调句的判断方法：把it is/was及that 去掉，调整后依然是一个完整的句子；否则，就不是强调句。 （5）在强调句中，当强调主语时，其后的谓语动词应同被强调成分的人称和数保持一致。
【品悟】　It is not the story itself but what is reflected in the story that counts.
重要的不是故事本身，而是故事中所反映的东西。
【写美】　微写作/句式升级
①是什么让他的父母如此高兴？
　What was it that made his parents so happy？
②是不是因为杰克上学迟到，史密斯先生生气了？
　Was it because Jack came late for school that　 Mr Smith got angry？
③正是你的责任感对这些儿童的教育产生了巨大的影响。
　It is your sense of responsibility that　 has made a great difference to the education of these children.
④He didn’t realise the importance of learning English well until he went to America as an exchange student.
→　It was not until he went to America as an exchange student that　 he realised the importance of learning English well.（强调句）
维度一：品句填词
1.If it is easy for you to get lost， you’d better take a 　compass　 （指南针） with you.
2.The 　virtual　 （虚拟的） reality technology now is widely used in our lives.
3.Whenever there is a sale in the supermarket， my mother always ends up buying good 　stuff　 （物品） at a low price.
4.Suddenly， a white light 　shot　 （射出） towards my eyes， and I could see nothing.
5.　Gunpowder　 （火药） was used in China as far back as the 11th century.
6.In closing， astronauts must have a determined will and a strong desire　 to explore the universe.
7.One of the biggest inconveniences of an electric vehicle is the long time it takes to recharge the batteries　.
8.You can start a video call by pressing　 the call button on the remote control.
维度二：词形转换
1.People experience differences in physical and mental 　capability　 （capable） depending on the time of day.
2.Before an exam， parents are advised to give their children some suggestions to reduce their 　pressure　 （press）.
3.The first students will work on projects related to 　wearable　 （wear） tech and the Internet of Things.
4.Technological advances mean more information can be delivered online rapidly and 　flexibly　 （flexible）.
维度三：固定搭配和句式
1.　Never say never　 （别轻易说决不）！ You never know what will happen in the future.
2.　In terms of the rubbish everywhere　 （就到处都是垃圾而言）， local people are still unaware of the importance of protecting the environment.
3.　In addition　 （此外）， the more you work out， the more energetic you will become.
4.　What is it that　 （是什么） you have always believed？
5.　With the crowds cheering　 （在人群的欢呼声中），they drove to the palace.
6.I 　desire you to join　 （想要你加入） our club， as it is a great way to keep fit and a good chance to relax ourselves.
维度四：课文语法填空
　　Dr Richard Fairhurst is 1.　the　 author of the book The New Age of Invention.Now he 2.　is being interviewed　 （interview） by the interviewer from Between the Pages.In Richard’s opinion，there 3.　have been　 （be） golden ages of invention throughout history and he also mentioned the four great 4.　inventions　 （invention） in Ancient China and the great ones in the West.But now most of the new great inventions are tech-based， for example，virtual reality and 5.　wearable　 （wear） tech.6.　In　 addition， important advances have been made in medicine and environmental science thanks to increasing computer power.And a walking house is capable of 7.　using　 （use） GPS technology to travel to different places.These 8.　impressive　 （impress） stuff make the interviewer surprised.What inspires Richard 9.　to invent　 （invent） things is recognising a problem 10.　that/which　 needs a solution.
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
　　A new technology project in southern Greece is helping visitors experience the ancient birthplace of the Olympic Games. The project used augmented reality （增强现实）， or AR， to recreate temples and competition areas in the ancient city of Olympia. The project lasted for about 18 months with a series of imaging flights to help map areas across Olympia. It was recently launched in the city， one of the world’s major archaeological （考古的） sites. Augmented reality is a technology that can project computer-created images onto special eyeglasses. Through the eyeglasses， the images appear along with other physical objects in the environment.
　　The project is a partnership between American software maker Microsoft and Hellenic Ministry of Culture and Sport. The ministry helped Microsoft map and build virtual representations of Olympia. The city was used for nearly a thousand years to host the games in ancient Greece that served as the model for the modern Olympics. “It’s a milestone. That helped us bring technology and culture and history together so we can preserve it，” Microsoft President Brad Smith said. The experience provides users with the chance to virtually walk through the ruins of Olympia. At the Olympic Museum in Athens， people can also use Microsoft’s AR headsets for a similar experience.
　　Greek Prime Minister Kyriakos Mitsotakis joined a group of schoolchildren who were using the app for the first time. “I’m absolutely excited that we’re able to present to the world a completely new cultural experience using technology to recreate the ancient world of Olympia，” Mitsotakis told The Associated Press. Students from a local middle school looked at statues and buildings that were brought to life on their phones. They were able to virtually visit inside and outside settings to explore where ancient Olympians had competed in different sports. One of the children， Panagiotis Christopoulos， called the project “impressive”. “I think it can help with teaching in schools.” the student said.
语篇解读：本文是一篇新闻报道。文章介绍了希腊政府与微软公司合作，通过AR技术让游客体验奥运会的发源地。
1.What’s the function of the special eyeglasses？（　　）
A.Producing impressive images.
B.Changing colours of some objects.
C.Making the environment look clearer.
D.Combining the virtual world with the real one.
解析：D　细节理解题。根据第一段中的Augmented reality is a technology ... in the environment.可知，通过眼镜，虚拟图像与真实环境融合在一起。
2.How did Hellenic Ministry of Culture and Sport help with the project？（　　）
A.By raising money for it.
B.By promoting and advertising it.
C.By offering virtual representations of Olympia.
D.By hosting different kinds of games in Olympia.
解析：C　细节理解题。根据第二段第二句可知，文体部帮助此项目绘制并构建了奥林匹亚的虚拟图像。
3.What is Kyriakos Mitsotakis’ attitude to the project？（　　）
A.Doubtful.　 B.Favorable.
C.Unconcerned.　 D.Cautious.
解析：B　观点态度题。根据第三段中Kyriakos Mitsotakis对美联社说的话可知，基里亚科斯·米佐塔基斯对此项目很支持。
4.What can be the best title for the text？（　　）
A.Digital Project Brings Olympics Birthplace to Life
B.A Technology Project Is Helping Build Modern Olympia
C.The Development and Application of AR in Greece
D.A Good Combination of Modern and Ancient Cultures
解析：A　标题归纳题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了一项新科技，它可以帮助游客身临其境地体验奥运会的发源地。 因此，A项最适合作文章标题。
B
　　A driverless train took its first trip around Hamburg， Germany in 2021 and may greatly improve transportation in the city. Acknowledged as the world’s first， the train created by Siemens Mobility and Deutsche Bahn （DB） officially went into service in December.
　　This is part of a large modernization project for the city’s S-Bahn urban rail. There were no changes to the tracks， as the autonomous （自动的） trains run on the same network as the current trains that have drivers operating them.
　　“The railroad has arrived in the digital future and Digital Rail for Germany may become a reality. With automated rail operations， we can offer our passengers a significantly expanded and improved service，” said Dr Richard Lutz， CEO of DB.“The new trains can transport up to 30 per cent more passengers and operate on time， and they will be more energy-efficient. They are also encouraged for environmental protection reasons.”
　　The trains receive signals via radios. There will be drivers present when there are passengers on board but they will only supervise （监督） the run and the passengers. There are now plans to digitize Hamburg’s S-Bahn system entirely by the end of the decade and the government has already decided to put money into new trains and infrastructure improvements.
　　Autonomous transportation technology is being used in taxis by Waymo， which started as the Google self-driving project in 2009. Other companies that are working on driverless cars include Tesla， GM， Nissan， and Zoox. These cars have to find their ways on roads with the help of GPS technology but driving on a track is much simpler and safer. “The new technology has already been officially approved and， since it features open interfaces （接口）， it can immediately be used by operators worldwide for all types of trains，” said Dr Roland Busch， CEO of Siemens AG. Maybe it’s time for the new autonomous revolution.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了数字技术的发展促进了德国无人驾驶火车投入运营。
5.What’s special about the new trains created by Siemens Mobility and DB？（　　）
A.They share tracks with traditional ones.
B.They use new driverless track systems.
C.They make long-distance trips much safer.
D.They still require human drivers’ operation.
解析：A　细节理解题。根据第二段第二句可知，这种新型火车与传统的列车共用轨道。
6.What does Dr Richard Lutz mainly want to express in Paragraph 3？（　　）
A.The new trains greatly change the German lifestyle.
B.The digital railroad is spoken highly of by passengers.
C.The new trains benefit both people and the environment.
D.The digital railroad has promoted the development of tourism.
解析：C　推理判断题。根据第三段内容可知，这种新型火车对人们和环境都是有益的。
7.What’s the government’s attitude to the development of the new digital technology？（　　）
A.Worried.　 B.Favorable.
C.Doubtful.　 D.Disapproving.
解析：B　观点态度题。根据第四段最后一句可知，政府决定对新火车和基础设施的改进投钱，因此对这种新技术的发展持肯定的态度。
8.What’s the main idea of the last paragraph？（　　）
A.Operators have responsibility for ensuring fully autonomous driving.
B.Germany’s design of trains needs to be further improved.
C.American companies see an increasing demand for self-driving taxis.
D.The digital technology has a big potential market.
解析：D　段落大意题。根据最后一段内容可知，最后一段主要围绕着这项新技术在世界各地的运营商中的广泛使用展开。
C
　　As summer heats up， future homes may cool down， thanks to coatings of brightly coloured nanocrystals （纳米晶体）.Normal coatings， such as paint， heat up in the sun. The new crystal films created by Qingchen Shen’s team get cooler than the air around them when exposed to sunlight. Shen studies materials science at the University of Cambridge.
　　This cooling method has a long name： passive daytime radiative （辐射的） cooling.Shen’s team didn’t invent the process. Other materials do it too. But until now， only white or mirrored surfaces did this. Such surfaces reflect a lot of light， keeping that light from heating the surface. Now， Shen’s team has figured out a way to make colourful passive-cooling surfaces. “We can produce red， green and blue，” says Shen.
　　“The film has two layers.The top one is crystallized cellulose （纤维素）， which provides the colour.Different crystal patterns produce different colours. A different form of cellulose — ethyl cellulose — makes up the bottom layer.This layer scatters （分散） all the light that leaks （漏） through the top layer.Both layers help the film release heat into space. The two-layer approach is what makes this work unique，” says Lucian Lucia， an expert on biomaterials. “The Cambridge team，” he says， “achieved a fairly remarkable and simple approach toward cooling.”
　　The team made the films one layer at a time. First， they dried a watery mix of ethyl cellulose into thin sheets. Then they spread a thin layer of cellulose crystals in water atop this， like icing a cake. As that “icing” dried， its crystals linked up to form the colourful top layer. Slight variations in crystal shape will produce different patterns — and colours.
　　Under sunlight， the films cooled to 4 ℃ below the air temperature. At night， the temperature difference was 9 ℃. Even better， Shen’s team worked out how to make the films in large amounts， which is very important for their work， notes Ran Zheng， a researcher studying materials science. Such large-scale production makes this invention more likely to get used in real life， he explains. If used to help keep buildings cool in the summer sun， he notes， these coatings might cut the need for air conditioning.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。剑桥大学研究人员研发出了一种具有降温效果的彩色薄膜。
9.What can be learned about the films developed by Shen’s team？（　　）
A.They are unique in their cooling method.
B.They come in different colours.
C.They take in a lot of sunlight.
D.They heat up in the sun.
解析：B　细节理解题。根据第二段中的Now， Shen’s team has figured out ...“We can produce red， green and blue，” says Shen.可知，Qingchen Shen的团队研发的这种新型薄膜有各种颜色。
10.What is Lucian Lucia’s attitude toward the films？（　　）
A.Tolerant.　 B.Curious.
C.Positive.　 D.Careful.
解析：C　观点态度题。根据第三段最后一句可推知，Lucian Lucia对该团队研发的薄膜是持肯定态度的。
11.What does Paragraph 4 mainly focus on？（　　）
A.How the films are made.
B.How the films release heat.
C.Why the two-layer structure is efficient.
D.Why the two-layer structure has different patterns.
解析：A　段落大意题。通读第四段可知，该段主要介绍了这种薄膜的具体制作过程。段落中的First、Then和As为常见的流程指示词。
12.What do Ran Zheng’s words tell us about the films？（　　）
A.They have been welcomed on the market.
B.Their potential application is uncertain.
C.They are important for his work.
D.Their future is promising.
解析：D　推理判断题。根据最后一段中Ran Zheng的话语可知，Qingchen Shen的团队已经知道如何大量制作这种薄膜，他认为这一点对该团队的研究工作很重要，使得这项发明更有可能在现实生活中得到应用。他还指出，如果将这些薄膜用于降低建筑物在夏季的温度，则可能会减少对空调的需求。由此可推知，Ran Zheng觉得这种薄膜的未来是充满希望的。
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
　　It’s a winter morning in 2032. You’re asleep in your smart home. 13.（　　）.
　　Waking in the morning
　　As you open your eyes， you wave your hand and switch on two of the screens close by. 14.（　　）. And you share some late-night thoughts with it to email to a colleague. The other screen displays the morning’s headlines. After breakfast， you put on an outfit， which helps you monitor your physical and mental health， sending regular updates to your phone.
　　On the way
　　You set off to your nearest transportation site. Your traffic agency app sends you a warning that your usual journey has changed， due to an all-day concert in the park. 15.（　　）. Transport systems across the world are now using artificial intelligence and digital sensors to help analyze the data relevant to delay issues and respond with timetable changes and updates to passengers.
　　At work
　　When you get to work， instead of going up， you go down. Urban housing prices remain high， forcing many businesses to locate themselves in deep-basement offices. 16.（　　）. You find a desk and head to your first meeting. The meeting is held in the absence of real colleagues， who attend from around the world as holograms （全息图）. You wire up your translation earphones and join the discussion with ease.
　　17.（　　）
　　After working for a day， you head up to take an aviation （航空） taxi. Over the last decade， the sky above you has become busier — increasingly populated by flying autonomous vehicles under strict air traffic control rules. After a short wait， your taxi — a lightweight， electric vertical take-off and landing aircraft — arrives to fly you home.
A.Smart controls
B.It’s time to get up
C.Catching a flight home
D.One brings up your virtual assistant
E.Aviation taxis can charge their batteries while flying
F.Your workspace is several floors in total， each one lower than the last
G.And the app advises you of your new journey by an autonomous vehicle
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了智能家居如何从早上到晚上全方位的服务。
13.B　根据上文可知，这是2032年冬天的一个早晨。你正在智能家里睡觉。由此推知，B项（该起床了）承接上文，符合语境。
14.D　根据空前一句可知， 你打开了附近的两个屏幕。结合下文The other screen displays the morning’s headlines.可知，空处是在介绍两个屏幕中的一个。D项（一个会打开你的虚拟助手）符合语境。
15.G　根据空前一句可知，你的交通应用程序向你发出警示：你日常的行程发生了变化，因为公园里有一个全天的音乐会。G项（该应用程序将通过自动驾驶汽车为您提供新的行程建议）符合语境。
16.F　根据空前一句可知，由于城市房价居高不下，迫使许多企业将办公室搬到地下室深处。F项（你的工作区总共有几层，每层都比上一层低）符合语境。
17.C　根据本空的位置可知，本空为段落主旨句。根据下文After a short wait ... arrives to fly you home.可知，本段主要介绍如何回家。C项（赶回家的航班）符合语境。
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