Section Ⅰ Starting out & Understanding ideas
Hot！ Hot！ Hot！
[1]Picking up① a free newspaper at the Tube② station， I see the title “Hot！Hot！Hot！”.Today， the temperature in London is expected to③ reach 30 plus④ degrees！The average high temperature in July is only 22 degrees， so over 30 is not usual for London.It’s going to be awful on the Central Line， with no air conditioning.Why did they have to invent the Tube before air conditioning？ It’s just typical⑤ that my journey is on one of the oldest lines， as well as⑥ one of the deepest.It’s the hottest on the whole Tube system.
[1]动词-ing短语作时间状语。
Sure enough， [2] going down the stairs and onto the platform is like jumping into a volcano [3]that’s erupting⑦.This， however， is nothing compared to⑧ the train.Because there’s no air conditioning， the temperature inside the train can reach 35 degrees！It’s lovely at the beach， but not so when you’re wearing a suit and in a crowd of passengers！I’m sure the passenger next to⑨ me and I are melting and becoming one！I had bacon and eggs for breakfast， and now I’m feeling a bit sick⑩ — I hope I can make it to Bank station ...I’ll avoid the feeling by thinking about work.I work in a tall， glass building.One very hot summer， the sun reflected off it and melted cars [4] parked below！ Will this happen again today？
[2]动词-ing短语作主语。
[3]that’s erupting是定语从句，修饰先行词volcano。
[4]过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰cars。
Yes， each summer in London definitely seems hotter than the last.I suddenly feel a bit scared .Perhaps now is the time to start planning for the future？ I should probably put my flat on the market and buy a boat.That way， when the Thames rises and there is a flood in London， I’ll still be able to get to work.But wait！Would I still have a workplace to go to？My office is only on the third floor of the building， so quite low.I’ll speak with my manager about moving to the top floor.Most importantly ， I will need to learn to swim！I’ll join a beginner’s swimming class immediately .Then I’ll be able to survive even when the tall buildings are flooded.
[5]Looking through my newspaper， I’m shocked by photos [6]showing that a typhoon in Asia has destroyed a town.What’s more ， heavy rain in Eastern Europe has caused landslides ， and the heat across Southern Europe has caused forest fires.Experts say this bad weather has occurred due to climate change.News like this [7]makes me feel nervous.[8]Now that it’s hard to avoid a disaster on Earth， perhaps I should start thinking about moving to space ...
[5]动词-ing短语作时间状语。
[6]动词-ing形式作后置定语，that引导宾语从句。
[7]此处为“make＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构。make为使役动词，宾语为me，宾语补足语为省略to的动词不定式feel nervous。
[8]Now that 引导原因状语从句；it作形式主语，真正的主语为动词不定式短语to avoid a disaster on Earth。
[9]“The next station is Bank！” comes the announcement .That’s my destination .Stepping out of the station with a heavy heart， I suddenly feel a fresh wind on my face.Well， maybe I have been worrying too much.After all ， it’s only 30 degrees outside！
[9]本句为完全倒装句。正常语序为The announcement comes “The next station is Bank！”。
【读文清障】
①pick up拿起；捡起；获得；收拾；（汽车、飞机）搭载；不费力地学会
②the Tube （伦敦的）地下铁道，地铁
③be expected to有望……；被期待……
④plus adj.（用于数字后面表示）多，余
⑤typical adj.典型的；特有的；象征性的
⑥as well as也；和（用来连接两个并列成分）
⑦erupt v.（火山）爆发，喷发
⑧compared to与……相比
⑨next to 紧挨着，在……旁边；仅次于
⑩sick adj.恶心的；生病的；不舒服
make it 准时抵达；达到预定目标；走完路程
reflect v.反射；照出；反映；显示；反省
melt v.（使）熔化，融化
definitely adv.确实
scared adj.害怕的
start planning＝start to plan
开始计划
put my flat on the market
把我的房子投放到市场
rise v.上升；起立；增加
be able to有能力……
workplace n.工作场所
most importantly最重要的是
join v.加入；参加；汇入
immediately adv.即刻，马上
survive v.活下来，幸存；从……中逃生
look through浏览；翻阅
be shocked by 被……震惊
typhoon n.台风
destroy v.破坏，损坏
what’s more而且，更重要的是
landslide n.山崩，滑坡
across Southern Europe整个南欧
occur v.发生（过去式和过去分词都是occurred）
due to由于
think about考虑
announcement n.通告，公告
destination n.目的地
step out of走出
with prep.带着，带有
after all毕竟，终究
【参考译文】
热！热！热！
在地铁站拿起一份免费报纸，我看到一个标题写着“热！热！热！”。今天，伦敦的温度预计将达到30多度！7月的平均最高温度只有22度，所以超过30度对于伦敦来说太不寻常了。地铁中央线没有空调系统，情况会很糟糕。为什么地铁要在空调系统之前发明出来？我通常上班所走的路线刚好是地铁里最老、最深的一条线。那也是整个地铁系统里最热的一条线。
果不其然，走下楼梯，来到站台上就像是跳进一座正在喷发的火山。不过这还远远比不上车厢里面。因为没有空调，车厢内的温度能达到35度！这样的温度在海滩上会很舒服，但是当你穿着西装挤在一群乘客中，可就没那么舒服了。我敢肯定邻座的乘客和我都正在熔化，我们要融为一体了！我早餐吃了培根和鸡蛋，现在感觉有点恶心——希望我能撑到银行站……我还是想想工作的事来逃避这种感觉吧。我在一座高高的玻璃建筑里上班。有一年夏天非常热，大楼表面反射的阳光竟然熔化了停在楼下的车！今天这种事会重演吗？
没错，好像伦敦的夏天一年比一年热。我突然觉得有点儿害怕。也许是时候该为将来打算了？我或许应该把房子在市场上卖掉，然后买一艘船。这样等泰晤士河的水涨起来，伦敦被洪水淹没的时候，我依然能去上班。不过等等！到那时候我还有地方工作吗？我的办公室就在四楼，太低了。我得去跟经理请求搬到顶楼去。最重要的是，我得学会游泳！我得马上报个游泳入门班。这样就算高楼大厦都被洪水淹没了，我也能活下来。
我翻阅着手里的报纸，震惊地看到亚洲的台风摧毁了一个城镇的照片。还有，东欧的暴雨造成了山体滑坡，席卷南欧的热浪引发了森林火灾。专家说这些恶劣天气是由气候变化导致的。这样的新闻让我感到紧张。既然在地球上难逃一劫，或许我应该开始考虑移民太空了……
“下一站，银行站！”报站声响起。我要到站了。我心情沉重地走出地铁站，突然感觉到一阵清风扑面而来。罢了罢了，也许是我担心得太多了。毕竟，外面只有30度！
第一步：析架构理清脉络
第二步：知细节明察秋毫
1.Which of the following doesn’t belong to the author’s preparations for the future？（ ）
A.Moving the flat to another city.
B.Buying a boat.
C.Moving the office to the top floor.
D.Learning to swim.
2.What does the author feel about the heat？（ ）
A.Excited. B.Angry.
C.Worried. D.Happy.
3.What do we infer in London？（ ）
A.There isn’t any air conditioning at all.
B.The high temperature ever happened.
C.The temperature is less than 30 degrees in London.
D.There is high temperature at the Tube station.
4.What will the author intend to do？（ ）
A.He wants to buy a high flat and a boat.
B.He suggests moving his office.
C.He won’t worry a lot in the future.
D.He plans to move to space.
5.What does the passage mainly talk about？（ ）
A.Journey in London.
B.The Tube system in London.
C.Crowded situation.
D.The extreme weather conditions.
答案：1－5 ACDCD
第三步：品语言妙笔生辉
1.Read the passage carefully and find the sentences that describe the mood.
（1）I suddenly feel a bit scared.
（2）I’m shocked by photos showing that a hurricane in Asia has destroyed a town.
（3）News like this makes me feel nervous.
（4）Stepping out of the station with a heavy heart， I suddenly feel a fresh wind on my face.
（5）Well， maybe I have been worrying too much.
2.Read the passage carefully and find the sentences that use rhetorical devices （修辞手法）.
（1）Sure enough， going down the stairs and onto the platform is like jumping into a volcano that’s erupting.（simile）
（2）I’m sure the passenger next to me and I are melting and becoming one！ （hyperbole）
3.Read the passage carefully and find the sentence that describes the environment.
Because there’s no air conditioning， the temperature inside the train can reach 35 degrees！
第四步：拓思维品质提升
1.Do you share the author’s concerns about extreme weather conditions？Why？
I agree with the author.Because climate in the world is closely related to our living environment.
2.Do you think climate change will affect your life in the future？What should you do to deal with climate change？
I think climate change will affect my life in the future.I should do what I can to protect environment to slow down climate change.
第五步：析难句表达升级
1.Sure enough， going down the stairs and onto the platform is like jumping into a volcano that’s erupting.
句式分析 本句为主从复合句。动词-ing短语going down the stairs and onto the platform在主句中作 主语 ，介词短语like jumping into a volcano作 表语 ；that’s erupting为that引导的 定语 从句，修饰先行词 volcano 。
自主翻译 果不其然，走下楼梯，来到站台上就像是跳进一座正在喷发的火山。
2.Looking through my newspaper， I’m shocked by photos showing that a typhoon in Asia has destroyed a town.
句式分析 本句为主从复合句。主句中动词-ing短语Looking through my newspaper在句中作 时间状语 ；showing that a typhoon in Asia has destroyed a town为动词-ing短语作 后置定语 ，that a typhoon in Asia has destroyed a town为that引导的 宾语 从句，作showing的 宾语 。
自主翻译 我翻阅着手里的报纸，震惊地看到亚洲的台风摧毁了一个城镇的照片。
3.Now that it’s hard to avoid a disaster on Earth，perhaps I should start thinking about moving to space ...
句式分析 Now that引导 原因状语 从句，it作 形式主语 ，动词不定式短语to avoid a disaster on Earth作 真正的主语 ；动词-ing短语thinking about moving to space作动词start的 宾语 。
自主翻译 既然在地球上难逃一劫，或许我应该开始考虑移民太空了……
Part Ⅰ 核心词汇集释
pick up 拿起，捡起；获得；收拾；接人；取物；学会；接收（信号或声音）；好转；买到
【教材原句】 Picking up a free newspaper at the Tube station， I see the title “Hot！Hot！Hot！”.
在地铁站拿起一份免费报纸，我看到一个标题写着“热！热！热！”。
【用法】
pick out 挑选出；了解；领会 pick on 选中；挑选 pick off 去除，剪除 pick up on 领略，意会 pick and choose 挑三拣四
【佳句】 They depend on the goodwill of visitors to pick up rubbish.
他们相信游客会自觉捡起垃圾。
【点津】 口诀记忆pick up含义
拿起捡起开车接，接收收听视野开；
好转改善又增强，学到知识也偶然；
商场买到便宜货，想必心情会很嗨。
【练透】 语境辨义
①My friend began to pick up after staying in hospital for several days. 好转
②I have to apologize to you for not picking you up from the airport. 接（人）
③It didn’t take me long to pick up the elementary knowledge of the language. 学会
④We used to pick up VOA in the morning on the radio. 接收
【写美】 补全句子
⑤It was the captain that helped me pick out the book about navigation.
是那位船长帮我挑的这本关于航海的书。
make it 准时到达；能够出席或到场；成功；做到；幸免于难，渡过难关；约定时间；达到预定目标；走完路程
【教材原句】 I had bacon and eggs for breakfast， and now I’m feeling a bit sick — I hope I can make it to Bank station ...我早餐吃了培根和鸡蛋，现在感觉有点恶心——希望我能撑到银行站……
【用法】
make it to 按时到达；能够出席或参加 make out 弄清楚；看清；辨认出 make up 组成；编造 make up for 弥补 make sense of 理解 make sense 讲得通，有意义
【佳句】 His sculpture is so confusing that it’s difficult to make out what he is trying to express.
他的雕塑作品如此令人费解，以至于很难弄清楚他试图表达什么。
【联想】 含有it的动词短语还有
go it 加油 hit it 猜对，说中 put it 陈述
【练透】 语境辨义
①Shall we make it six o’clock this evening to do the experiment？ 约定时间
②The flight leaves in twenty minutes — we’ll never make it. 准时到达
③The famous chemist didn’t make it to another spring and died that winter. 渡过难关
【写美】 补全句子
④A smile lit up the twins’ faces as their efforts to make the breakfast finally made it .
这对双胞胎努力做早餐终于成功了，他们笑容满面。
immediately adv.即刻，马上 conj.一……就……
【教材原句】 I’ll join a beginner’s swimming class immediately.我得马上报个游泳入门班。
【用法】
（1）immediate adj. 立即的，马上的 take immediate action 立刻采取行动 （2）表示“一……就……”的词或短语： ·immediately/directly/instantly ·the moment/the minute/the second/the instant ·as soon as/hardly ...when/no sooner ...than ...·on＋名词/动词-ing形式
【佳句】 After he came back，he gave us a vivid description of his tour to England immediately.
他回来后，立即向我们生动地描述了他的英国之行。
【练透】 用immediate的适当形式填空
①Without immediate medical treatment， Paris would die.
②Food supplies in the flood-stricken area are running out. We must take action immediately .
【写美】 句型转换
③He picked up the book immediately he saw it.
→He picked up the book the moment/instant/second/minute he saw it .（“the＋名词”引导的从句）
→He picked up the book on seeing it .（on doing）
→He picked up the book as soon as he saw it .（as soon as）
look through 快速查看，浏览，透过……看
【教材原句】 Looking through my newspaper， I’m shocked by photos showing that a typhoon in Asia has destroyed a town.我翻阅着手里的报纸，震惊地看到亚洲的台风摧毁了一个城镇的照片。
【用法】
look ahead （to） 向前看；展望未来 look/watch out 小心，当心 look up 抬头向上看；查阅 look forward to 期待，盼望 look back on 回顾；回忆 look on ...as ... 把……看作……
【佳句】 I walked out of the classroom， looking straight ahead with my head high.
我走出教室，高昂着头直视前方。（动作描写）
【练透】 单句语法填空
①He did a good job， looking forward to getting （get） a positive comment.
②She looked through the window and found a lovely girl in the crowd.
【写美】 补全句子
③She hugged them to her chest， and looked up with tearful eyes and a smile.
她把他们紧紧地抱在胸前，抬起头来，泪流满面地微笑着。（动作描写）
occur v.发生；出现
【教材原句】 Experts say this bad weather has occurred due to climate change.
专家说这些恶劣天气是由气候变化导致的。
【用法】
（1）occur to sb 某人突然想到；想起 It occurs to sb that .../to do ... 某人突然想到…… （2）表示“某人突然想到……”的其他常用句型： It strikes sb that ... It hits sb that ...
【佳句】 That night a terrible storm occurred， with strong wind blowing and beating the house.
那天晚上下了一场可怕的暴风雨，狂风吹打着房子。（天气描写）
【点津】 occur的过去式和过去分词均为occurred，现在分词为occurring。occur没有被动语态，不用于进行时。occur作谓语时，主语不能是人。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①The worst tornado of all time occurred （occur） in 1925， affecting three US states.
②A good idea occurred to me that I could go downtown to buy some souvenirs.
③It never occurred to him to turn （turn） to anyone for help when he failed in doing business.
【写美】 一句多译
④妈妈突然想起她把帐篷落在我们前一天晚上住的旅馆里了。
→ It occurred to Mother that she had left the tent in the hotel where we stayed the night before.（occur）
→ It hit/struck Mother that she had left the tent in the hotel where we stayed the night before.（hit/strike）
announcement n.通告，公告
【教材原句】 “The next station is Bank！” comes the announcement.“下一站，银行站！”报站声响起。
【用法】
（1）make an announcement 下通知；宣布 （2）announce vt. 宣布；通知 It is announced that ... 据称/据宣布…… announce to sb sth/that ... 向某人宣布某事/……
【佳句】 Rio could make an announcement confirming the talks with CHINALCO as early as today.
力拓最早可能会于今日发表一份声明，确认与中铝的谈判。
【点津】 announce后不跟双宾语，即不能用announce sb sth，要用announce sth to sb。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①I’m interested in the announcement （announce） of the summer camp you have posted on the Internet.
②The principal announced the news that five students were involved in that incident to the public.
【写美】 补全句子
③ It was announced that only when the fire was under control would the residents be permitted to return to their homes.
据宣布，只有火势得到控制，居民才被允许返回他们的家园。
after all毕竟；终究；别忘了
【教材原句】 After all， it’s only 30 degrees outside！毕竟，外面只有30度！
【用法】
above all 最重要的是；尤其是 first of all 首先 not ...at all 根本不；一点也不 not at all 不客气 all in all 总而言之 in all 总共，合计
【佳句】 After all， friends show their love in times of trouble， not in times of happiness.
毕竟，朋友是在患难的时候表达爱意而不是在幸福时。（主旨升华）
【练透】 选词填空（after all/first of all）
①First impressions are the most lasting. After all ， you never get a second chance.
②To make members of a team perform better， the trainer first of all has to know their strengths and weaknesses.
【写美】 补全句子
③ All in all ， no words are strong enough to convey how grateful I am.
总之，任何语言都不足以表达我的感激之情。（感谢信）
Part Ⅱ 重点句型解构
句型公式：now that 引导原因状语从句
【教材原句】 Now that it’s hard to avoid a disaster on Earth， perhaps I should start thinking about moving to space ...
既然在地球上难逃一劫，或许我应该开始考虑移民太空了……
【用法】
（1）now that引导原因状语从句，that可以省略，相当于since，意为“既然，由于”。 （2）from now on 从现在起 up to now/until now 到目前为止 （every） now and then 不时，时而 just now 刚才 right now 现在，马上，立刻
【品悟】 Now that you have looked through the newspaper， can you tell me what is special in it？
既然你已经浏览报纸了，你能告诉我有什么特别之处吗？
【写美】 微写作
①到目前为止，各种各样的体育赛事已在校体育馆举办。（活动介绍）
Up to now/Until now ， a wide variety of sports events have been held in our school stadium.
②因为互联网越来越普及，我们的生活变得更加丰富多彩。（短文投稿）
Now that the Internet is becoming increasingly popular ， our lives are becoming more colourful.
维度一：品句填词
1.Heat the glass tube （管子） to the point where it can bend.
2.What worries us is that many heritage sites in the countryside face the biggest threat from natural disasters （灾难）.
3.I’m sorry to hear you experienced a strong typhoon （台风） when you were attending a conference in the United States.
4.It is our goal to ensure a happy life for the 1.4 billion plus Chinese people.
5.The landslide not only affected the peaceful life of local people， but also caused traffic problems.
6.They were playing at the sea shore when the accident occurred .
维度二：词形转换
1.The small mountain village was recently visited by a serious volcanic eruption （erupt）.
2.Contrary to common belief， taking a walk immediately （immediate） after a meal doesn’t necessarily do good to our health.
3.The plan will be carried out from 1 March to 31 December， according to an announcement （announce）.
维度三：固定搭配和句式
1.The boy burst into tears immediately he saw his mother （一见到他的妈妈）.
2. It was announced that （据宣布） they would build a theme park.
3.In my opinion， you should change your mind right away. After all （毕竟）， his advice sounds reasonable.
4.Peter started looking through （浏览） the mail as soon as he got home.
5.It didn’t take me long to pick up （接人） my friend at the airport the other day.
6. Compared with/to modern communication （与现代通信相比）， writing letters has more advantages.
7. Now （that） he works and can take care of himself （既然他工作了并且能照顾自己）， his daughter has time to study at university.
8.We should have confidence in ourselves that we can make it （成功） if we try our best.
9.He almost had to shout to make himself heard （让别人听见自己） above the music.
维度四：课文语法填空
Today， the temperature in London is expected 1. to reach （reach） 30 plus degrees！ It’s going to be awful on the Central Line， 2. with no air conditioning.Sure enough， 3. going （go） down the stairs and onto the platform is like jumping into a volcano 4. that/which is erupting.I’m sure the passenger next to me and I are melting and becoming one！ I’m feeling a bit sick — I hope I can make it to Bank station ... Each summer in London 5. definitely （definite） seems hotter than the last.I suddenly feel a bit 6. scared （scare）.Perhaps now is the time to start planning for the future？ Looking through my newspaper， I’m shocked by photos 7. showing （show） that a hurricane in Asia has destroyed a town.8. Experts （expert） say this bad weather has occurred due to climate change.News like this makes me feel nervous.Now that 9. it is hard to avoid a disaster on Earth， perhaps I should start thinking about moving to space ... Well， maybe I 10. have been worrying （worry） too much.After all， it’s only 30 degrees outside！
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
For the past few years， I’ve taken my vacation in the spring.One April I planned to visit a friend in Nepal who had lived in the country for over 15 years.
I flew into Kathmandu and spent a week visiting sites， and on Friday， 24 April 2015， we went to Lukla， a mountain town to the northeast.My friend had worked there before.We visited a nearby village on Saturday.We were served a delicious pancake and endless cups of milk tea； villagers made small talk and caught up with each other.After a couple of hours， my friend and I made a polite exit （离去） for a coffee break across the dirt path to our lodging， a house he had lived in while working in Lukla years ago.
As we sat in the kitchen taking a rest， I wondered why it felt like an underground was running under the village.As the sound started to shake， I looked out the window at the passers-by and thought it felt like a truck was driving by — impossible in this village.I looked at my friend and he said offhandedly： “It’s an earthquake.” Before I could ask questions， he began shouting to get out of the house.By the time I was running down the dirt path， I couldn’t run straight.
Away from buildings， we lowered our bodies near a low wall， and unbelievably before our eyes， walls and buildings fell.In front of us the end wall of the house we slept in collapsed， the stones dislodging （移开） and falling to the ground.In a matter of seconds， every house in the village was damaged， with walls either seriously cracked （破裂）， or partially or completely damaged.
In the days and weeks that followed we checked in with friends and shared stories of where we were and what we were doing.The event was so wide-reaching that it was difficult to understand except through personal stories.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者在尼泊尔时遭遇地震的经历。
1.What did the author do in Nepal？（ ）
A.He visited his friend.
B.He tried to look for a job.
C.He built a house for villagers.
D.He moved to a village to enjoy life.
解析：A 细节理解题。根据第一段第二句和第二段第一句可知，作者在尼泊尔拜访了他的朋友，两人一起在尼泊尔游玩。
2.Which of the following can best describe the villagers？（ ）
A.Shy. B.Bored.
C.Friendly. D.Humorous.
解析：C 推理判断题。根据第二段中的We visited a nearby village ...caught up with each other.可推知，那个村子里的人都很友善、热情。
3.Which of the following best explains the underlined word “offhandedly” in Paragraph 3？（ ）
A.Excitedly. B.Worriedly.
C.Suddenly. D.Immediately.
解析：D 词义猜测题。根据第三段第二句以及倒数第二句可知，朋友立即意识到是地震来了。画线词所在句意为：我看着我的朋友，他立即说：“这是地震。”故可猜测画线单词offhandedly意为“立即地”。
4.What can we infer about the village in Paragraph 4？（ ）
A.It was left empty.
B.It was quite peaceful.
C.It was badly damaged.
D.It was attractive to visitors.
解析：C 推理判断题。根据第四段内容可推知，村庄在地震中严重受损。
B
The year 1988 will not be forgotten for a long time at Yellowstone National Park.Fires broke out in June and burned until September.The fires were not put out completely until November.They covered almost half of the huge park.What caused such huge fires？ There are several answers to this question.
Lodgepole pines （美国黑松） make up 80 per cent of the park’s forests.These trees grow quickly， but they only live about 200 years.Then many of the pines die and are blown down by high winds.The trees lie on the forest floor for many years.In wet forests they would rot （腐烂） and turn back into soil， but it is too dry for this to happen in Yellowstone.In 1988， dead wood covered the forest floor.
Yellowstone usually gets a lot of snow in the winter.When the snow melts， it provides water for the plants.For six winters in the 1980s， little snow had fallen.Rain usually falls during the summer months， but 1988 was the driest summer in 116 years.
Several fires started in and near the park in June.Park officials fought the fires caused by human carelessness.They didn’t try to put out the fires started by lightning.They knew that fires help clean out the dead wood.When little rain fell in June and July， the fires became larger and larger.More than 17，000 acres had burned by 21 July.Park officials decided that it was time to fight all of the big fires.
On 23 July， strong winds blew the fires into new areas of the park.Firefighters battled the flames， but they had little success.On 20 August， 80-mile-per-hour winds swept through the park.This day became known as Black Saturday.Fires that had almost died out came back to life.No matter how hard the firefighters tried， they couldn’t control the flames.Snow and rain began to fall in September.Then the worst of the fires were put out.The remaining fires were put out by heavy snows in November.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章简要介绍了发生在1988年的美国黄石公园森林大火。
5.How long did the fires at Yellowstone National Park last？（ ）
A.About 3 months. B.About 4 months.
C.About 5 months. D.About 7 months.
解析：C 细节理解题。根据第一段内容可知，这场火灾发生在1988年6月，直到11月才被彻底扑灭，持续了5个月的时间。
6.What reason for fires is mentioned in the third paragraph？（ ）
A.Dead wood. B.Dry weather.
C.Great winds. D.Human carelessness.
解析：B 推理判断题。根据第三段内容可知，本段主要强调了1988年气候干旱这一导致火灾的原因。
7.Why didn’t park officials try to put out the fires started by lightning？（ ）
A.They didn’t know about the fires. B.They had no way to control them.
C.They knew fires could do no harm. D.They knew fires would go out of itself.
解析：C 细节理解题。根据第四段内容可知，森林里的官员们认为大火可以帮助烧掉那些已经死掉的树木，也就是说，他们没想到大火会带来灾难。
8.Park officials decided to put out fires .（ ）
A.5 days after they broke out
B.10 days after they broke out
C.20 days after they broke out
D.one month after they broke out
解析：D 细节理解题。根据第四段内容可知，森林里的官员们在7月21日（也就是大火发生的一个月后）才决定灭火。
C
As New Zealand begins the long， costly task of clearing up after Cyclone （飓风） Gabrielle cut a disastrous path across much of the North Island on 12 and 13 February， finger pointing has started.
The clean-up and rebuilding may take years， and even longer in remote parts， with costs running into the billions of dollars.
What made the cyclone worse for New Zealand was that it followed nearly a week of heavy rain in late January that caused the worst flooding in the nation’s history.
Green Party leader James Shaw delivered a speech on 14 February， saying， “I struggle to find words to express what I am thinking and feeling about this particular crisis.I don’t think I’ve ever felt as sad or as angry about the lost decades that we spent arguing about whether climate change was real or not， whether it was caused by humans or not， whether it was bad or not， whether we should do something about it or not， because it is clearly here now， and if we do not act， it will get worse.”
Shaw’s speech highlighted the growing concern in New Zealand and across the world on the increasing effect of climate change on global weather patterns.
A lecturer in the University of Auckland said it was high time the country moved away from passive responses to natural disasters and adopted an active approach.
“In the next decades down to the end of this century， we expect that ocean temperatures will steadily climb and extreme events will become more common， serious， and long-lasting，” a marine expert said.“The actual trajectory （轨迹）， however， depends on how society will deal with the climate change challenge.”
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了飓风 Gabrielle 给新西兰带来的灾害及此灾害给人们的警醒。
9.What does the underlined phrase “finger pointing” in the first paragraph probably mean？（ ）
A.Blame. B.Praise.
C.Approval. D.Celebration.
解析：A 词义猜测题。短语的字面意思“将手指指向某人”含有“指责”之意；第四段中 James Shaw 的观点（if we do not act， it will get worse）和第六段中奥克兰的一位讲师的观点（it was high time the country moved away from passive responses to natural disasters and adopted an active approach）都表现出两人对现状的不满。故猜测finger pointing意为“指责”。
10.What made the cyclone worse for New Zealand？（ ）
A.It will take a long time and cost a lot of money to clean up and rebuild.
B.Heavy rain had lasted for nearly a week before the cyclone hit New Zealand.
C.Some people made a lot of complaints about the cyclone.
D.The cyclone caused the worst flooding in the history of New Zealand.
解析：B 细节理解题。根据第三段可知，飓风来临前的一场接近一周的强降雨造成了新西兰历史上最严重的洪水，这让此次飓风造成的后果更严重了。
11.What can we infer from what Shaw said in Paragraph 4？（ ）
A.It was easy for Shaw to express himself about the cyclone.
B.Shaw felt very sad and angry about the cyclone.
C.It is necessary to argue about climate change.
D.Humans should take action to deal with climate change right away.
解析：D 推理判断题。根据第四段中if we do not act， it will get worse可知， 人们是时候采取行动来应对气候变化了。
12.What would be the best title for the passage？（ ）
A.Clean-up and Rebuilding After Cyclone
B.Attaching Importance to Climate Change
C.Cyclone Seen as Wake-up Call on Climate Change
D.Increasing Ocean Temperatures Responsible for Extreme Events
解析：C 标题归纳题。通读全文可知，文章讲述飓风 Gabrielle 给新西兰带来的灾害以及飓风发生后，三个不同的人发表了同一主题的感慨——人们应该积极行动起来主动应对气候变化。所以C选项（飓风被视为气候变化的警钟）符合文章主旨，适合作标题。
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
A tsunami is an extremely large wave in the sea caused by an earthquake at the sea bed.The following safety tips may help you deal with it.
Before the tsunami
Know the warning signs of a tsunami： rapidly rising or falling coastal waters， a loud noise from the ocean， or rumblings of an earthquake.“If people along the Indian Ocean coastline on 26 December 2004， were aware of these natural warnings， fewer people would have died.” says an expert.13.（ ） And you’d better map your evacuation （疏散） route.
During the tsunami
·If you’re in a tsunami area and there is an earthquake， first drop to the floor， cover your head and neck， and hold on to something stable.14.（ ）
·15.（ ） “Listen to the authorities， but do not wait for tsunami warnings and evacuation orders，” suggests the US site Ready.gov.
·People often mistake the distance they have to go to be safe.“Many people think they’ve got to go miles，” Richards says.“16.（ ）” If you’re a visitor staying in a tall concrete hotel， he adds， going above the fourth floor likely will be safer than evacuating.
·Stay put in a safe area until an official all-clear is given.The first wave may not be the last or the strongest and the danger can last for hours or even days.
After the tsunami
First， stay clear of damaged or flooded areas and downed power lines.Meanwhile， listen for further alerts and instructions about evacuation zones and shelters.17.（ ） Phone systems are likely to be down or busy at that time.
A.But it might be just right behind Johnny’s house.
B.But they can also come back as soon as possible.
C.If you’re in a low-lying area， move inland as soon as possible.
D.Take the warnings seriously， and strictly follow the requirements.
E.Listen for official warnings， but also listen and watch for natural signs.
F.Besides， you should be familiar with your government’s warning system.
G.You’d better use texts and social media to communicate with loved ones.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了应对海啸的一些安全建议。
13.F 上文举例讲述了自然警告有助于降低伤害，下文讲述了画撤离路线的作用，所以空处应讲述在海啸来临之前能够采取的其他措施。F项（此外，你应该熟悉政府的预警系统）承上启下，符合语境。
14.C 上文讲述了在发生地震的海啸地区应该采取的做法。C项（如果你在低洼地区，尽快向内陆移动）符合语境，讲述在其他地方应该怎么做。
15.E 根据下文可知，听取官方警告但不要等待海啸警报和撤离命令。E项（倾听官方警告，但也要倾听和注意自然迹象）符合语境。
16.A 上文讲述了人们经常误以为自己要走很远才能到安全地带。A项（但它可能就在Johnny的房子后面）符合语境，与上文构成转折关系。
17.G 下文讲述了海啸之后电话系统可能有故障或者线路繁忙，所以空处应和通讯有关。G项（你最好使用短信和社交媒体与所爱的人交流）符合语境。
15 / 15Section Ⅲ Developing ideas
Stars after the storm
It’s strange， but I don’t really remember much about the hurricane itself.It all happened so quickly.[1]I was sitting in my room with my cat， Smartie， on my lap， when the roof just flew off①. [2]All of a sudden②， there was sky where the roof had been. [3]I was so frightened③that I just froze④.
[1]本句为be doing ...when ...句型，意为“正在做……这时（突然）……”，when为并列连词，相当于and just at that time。
[2]本句中where引导地点状语从句。
[3]本句为so ...that ...引导的结果状语从句。
Mom cried to get out quickly， but it was already too late by then⑤.The rain was coming down so hard and so fast.Our street turned into⑥ a river in seconds⑦.We were going nowhere.
At first⑧， I was pleased we could stay at home， but soon it got really tough.Without a roof， staying inside was too dangerous.There was water everywhere， but we couldn’t drink any of it otherwise we’d get really sick.[4]We just had drinking water⑨ that was sent to us by helicopter⑩， but it was never enough. It was August， so it was really， really hot and it smelled so bad everywhere！ I just spent the days watching the boats going up and down the street and looking out for Smartie.He had disappeared the moment the storm hit.
[4]句中that引导定语从句，修饰先行词drinking water， that在定语从句中作主语。
[5]Living in the open air， we became breakfast， lunch and dinner for the mosquitos .[6]But Mom said that whatever happens， we should always try to see the good side of things. It was difficult to stay positive ， though.We had lost our home and everything in it， including Smartie.[7]All we had left were the clothes on our backs . But as Mom kept on reminding us， we were all together and safe.Mom’s words made us feel better.I remember us all lying under the midnight sky and looking up at the stars.Because there were no lights， we could see the Big Dipper， the Little Dipper and the Milky Way.It was amazing ！ Even though we had lost a lot， moments like those gave us hope for the future.
[5]动词-ing短语作状语。
[6]句中that引导宾语从句，宾语从句中又含有whatever引导的让步状语从句。
[7]句中we had left为省略了关系代词that的定语从句，that在定语从句中作宾语，可省略。
Although it was only a few days before we were rescued， it felt like months.We were taken to another town in a faraway county.Thankfully ， Smartie came home just in time .We were so happy to take him with us， although then， none of us knew that we wouldn’t be back for quite a while .
Now， one year has passed and I’m back home in New Orleans.Some families have yet to return， but many others have come back.Although we are surrounded by reminders of the disaster， we are working together to rebuild our homes and our lives.[8]Now we have another chance to look up at the stars of New Orleans， their beauty inspiring us and giving us confidence to move on .
[8]句中to look up at the stars of New Orleans为动词不定式作后置定语，修饰another chance， their beauty inspiring us and giving us confidence to move on为独立主格结构。
【读文清障】
①fly off 飞走
②all of a sudden 突然
③frightened adj.感到恐惧的
④freeze v.僵住；不动
⑤by then 到那时
⑥turn into 变成
⑦in seconds 片刻，瞬间
⑧at first 起初
⑨drinking water 饮用水
⑩helicopter n.直升机
up and down 来来往往
disappear vi.消失
mosquito n.蚊子
positive adj.积极的
back n.（人或动物的）背部
keep on 继续
lie v.躺
look up at 仰望
amazing adj.令人惊奇的
faraway adj.远的；遥远的
thankfully adv.幸好
in time及时
for quite a while相当长的一段时间
have yet to 还没有
surround v.围绕
reminder n.引起回忆的事物；提醒人的事物
rebuild v.重建
inspire v.激励
confidence n.信心
move on 继续前进
【参考译文】
风暴过后现繁星
说来也怪，我对飓风本身的印象并不深。一切都发生得太快了。当时我正坐在自己房间里，猫咪斯玛蒂趴在我腿上，突然屋顶就飞走了。霎时间，屋顶变成了天空。我吓呆了。
妈妈大喊着让我们快跑，但已经来不及了。暴雨迅速倾盆而下，瞬间就将道路淹没成了河流。我们无处可去了。
一开始我还庆幸我们能待在家里，但很快情况就糟糕起来。没了屋顶，待在屋内是十分危险的。到处都是水，可我们一滴也不能喝，否则就会染上重病。我们只能喝直升机送来的饮用水，但总是不够喝。当时是八月，天气非常非常热，到处都散发着难闻的气味！我只能整天看着街上来来往往的船只，留意寻找斯玛蒂的身影。风暴袭来的那一刻它就失踪了。
我们住在露天的环境里，成了蚊子的一日三餐。不过妈妈说不管发生什么，我们都应该尽量看到事情好的一面。然而保持乐观却不那么容易。我们的家毁了，家里的一切也都没了，斯玛蒂也不见了。我们只剩下身上的衣服了。不过就像妈妈一直提醒我们的那样，好在全家人都在一起而且平安无事。妈妈的话让我们心情好些了。我还记得那时我们躺在午夜的苍穹之下，仰望星空。因为没有灯光，我们能看到北斗七星、小北斗七星和银河。太奇妙了！尽管我们损失惨重，但这样的时刻点燃了我们对未来的希望。
虽然几天后我们就获救了，但却觉得像是过了好几个月。我们被带到了一个很远的县的一座小镇上。万幸的是，斯玛蒂及时回了家。我们都很高兴能带上它，不过那时我们都没料到这一去就很久都回不来。
现在，事情已经过去了一年，我也重新回到了位于新奥尔良的家。有的人家仍然流落在外，但也有许多人已经回来了。虽然我们周围的一切都提醒着我们这里曾发生的灾难，但大家都在为重建家园和生活而一同努力着。现在我们又能仰望新奥尔良的星空了，星空的美鼓舞着我们，让我们有信心继续前行。
第一步：析架构理清脉络
第二步：知细节明察秋毫
1.What can we know from Paragraph 1？（ ）
A.Smartie is the author’s friend.
B.Smartie is the author’s cat.
C.Smartie is the author’s sister.
D.Smartie is the author’s classmate.
2.When the author realised he could only stay at home， how did he feel at first？（ ）
A.Frightened. B.Upset.
C.Pleased. D.Bored.
3.What is the most important thing when the disaster comes according to Mom？（ ）
A.Our house. B.Our property.
C.Our health and safety. D.Smartie.
4.What sort of attitude to/towards life is reflected in the author’s experience of looking at the night sky？（ ）
A.Positive. B.Negative.
C.Indifferent. D.Hopeless.
5.What can we infer from the author’s words “Although it was only a few days before we were rescued， it felt like months”？（ ）
A.They were upset for losing their house.
B.They would remember the experience.
C.They liked living in the open air.
D.They were tough in the difficult situation.
6.How is the passage developed？（ ）
A.By using examples.
B.By analysing causes.
C.By making comparisons.
D.By following the time order.
答案：1－6 BCCADD
第三步：品语言妙笔生辉
Read the passage carefully and find the sentences containing emotions.
（1）I was so frightened that I just froze.
（2）At first， I was pleased we could stay at home， but soon it got really tough.
（3）We were so happy to take him with us， although then， none of us knew that we wouldn’t be back for quite a while.
第四步：拓思维品质提升
What do you think could be done to help the local people rebuild their homes？
We can do what we can and try to call on people to donate money or things to help the local people in need.
第五步：析难句表达升级
1.But Mom said that whatever happens， we should always try to see the good side of things.
句式分析 本句为主从复合句。that whatever happens， we should always try to see the good side of things为that引导的 宾语 从句，该从句中whatever happens为whatever引导的 让步状语 从句。
自主翻译 不过妈妈说不管发生什么，我们都应该尽量看到事情好的一面。
2.We were so happy to take him with us， although then， none of us knew that we wouldn’t be back for quite a while.
句式分析 本句为主从复合句。although then， none of us knew that we wouldn’t be back for quite a while为although引导的 让步状语 从句，该从句中that we wouldn’t be back for quite a while为that引导的 宾语 从句。
自主翻译 我们都很高兴能带上它，不过那时我们都没料到这一去就很久都回不来。
Part Ⅰ 核心词汇集释
otherwise adv.否则，要不然；除此之外；别样，亦；在其他方面
【教材原句】 There was water everywhere， but we couldn’t drink any of it otherwise we’d get really sick.
到处都是水，可我们一滴也不能喝，否则就会染上重病。
【用法】
or otherwise 或相反；或其他情况 say/think/decide otherwise 并非如此说/认为/决定 otherwise engaged 忙于别的事情 otherwise known as 又称，也叫
【佳句】 My parents lent me money.Otherwise， I couldn’t have afforded the trip.
我父母借钱给我了。否则，我可付不起这次旅费。
【联想】 表示“否则”的词还有or， or else。
【练透】 语境辨义
①There was some music playing upstairs.Otherwise the house was silent. 除此以外
②Bismarck who ruled Germany by a strong hand，otherwise was/is known as “the Iron Chancellor”. 亦
【写美】 补全句子
③It was for the police to assess the validity or otherwise of the evidence.
应由警方来评价证据的有效与否。
shelter n.庇护（处），掩蔽 v.躲避；庇护；为……提供避难所
【教材原句】 If you cannot get home in time， find other shelter as soon as you can.
如果你不能及时回家，尽快找到别的庇护所。
【用法】
（1）shelter from ... 躲避……；避难 shelter ...from ... 保护……以免…… （2）take shelter （from ...） 躲避（……） under the shelter of 在……的庇护下 （3）sheltered adj. 受庇护的 a very sheltered childhood 一个备受呵护的童年
【佳句】 The solution， of course， was to plant more trees so the animals could seek shelter during the daytime.
当然，解决这一问题的方法就是多种树，这样动物们在白天就可以找到庇护（处）。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①We finished the rescue work and took shelter from the rain in a nearby café.
②He has gradually grown up under the shelter of his parents.
③Trees shelter the house from the wind.
【写美】 补全句子
④They crowded in the doorway to shelter from the rain .
他们挤在门口躲雨。
Part Ⅱ 重点句型解构
句型公式：be doing ...when ...正在做……这时（突然）……
【教材原句】 I was sitting in my room with my cat， Smartie， on my lap， when the roof just flew off.
当时我正坐在自己房间里，猫咪斯玛蒂趴在我腿上，突然屋顶就飞走了。
【用法】
be doing ...when ...意为“正在做……这时（突然）……”， when为并列连词，相当于and just at that time。 be about to do ...when ... 正要做……这时…… be on the point of doing ...when ... 正要做……这时…… had just done ...when ... 刚刚做完……这时……
【品悟】 I was driving down to London when I found that I was on the wrong road.
我正开车去伦敦，突然发现我走错路了。
【写美】 微写作/一句多译
①他们刚走了三英里，就意识到他们把身份证忘在家里了。
They had just covered three miles when they realised they had left their IDs at home.
②我正要放弃，这时老师鼓励我不要灰心。
→I was about to give up when the teacher encouraged me not to lose heart.
→I was on the point of giving up when the teacher encouraged me not to lose heart.
维度一：品句填词
1.I need to talk to him about something， but he’s nowhere （无处） to be seen.
2.There’s only one seat on the bus， so the little boy has to sit on his mother’s lap （大腿部）.
3.Thanks for your directions to the house， we wouldn’t have found it otherwise （要不然）.
4.Dog owners should be responsible if their pets cause damage to other people’s property （财产）.
5.The extinction of rare creatures may present a new threat （威胁） to the ecological system.
6.My bad tooth was killing me last night， so I had to go to see a doctor at midnight .
7.It is estimated that billions of dollars are spent on building schools and libraries every year.
8.Its many green counties are a true feast for the eyes， with its rolling green hills dotted with sheep and cattle.
9.The next day， people put up shelters in the open air using anything they could find.
维度二：词形转换
1.Academics and employers are concerned that students are not sufficiently （sufficient） prepared for college courses.
2.Her parents threaten （threat） to drive her out of their home if she won’t listen to their advice.
维度三：固定搭配和句式
1.John paced up and down （来来回回） outside the room waiting for the vet coming to rescue his cat.
2. All of a sudden （突然）， her handicap was gone and all I saw was this beautiful girl， whose smile just melted me.
3.What made us frightened was that the car crashed into the tree when one of the wheels flew off （飞离）.
4.When you’re crossing the street， always look out for （小心） cars.
5.Generally speaking， our English reading skills have yet to （还没有） be improved.
6.You must keep on working （继续工作） in the evening， unless you are sure you can finish the task on time.
7.Jack was working in the lab when （正在实验室工作这时） the power cut occurred.
维度四：课文语法填空
I was sitting in the room with my cat， Smartie， when the roof of our house flew off.I was so 1. frightened （frighten） that I didn’t know what to do.The rain was just pouring down so hard that our street turned 2. into a river in seconds， which made us unable to go anywhere.
Without a roof， we found 3. it too dangerous to stay at home.There was water everywhere， but we couldn’t drink any of it.We could only drink the water 4. sent （send） to us by helicopter， but it was never enough.Besides， it was so hot in the summer and it smelled terrible.5. Living （live） in the open air， we were disturbed by 6. mosquitos （mosquito）.We felt sad， but Mother told us to see the good side of things whatever happens.She 7. reminded （remind） us that we were all together and safe， 8. which made us feel better.
Looking at the stars in sky gave us hope for the future.9. Luckily （lucky）， Smartie returned home before we 10. were taken （take） to another faraway town.Now I’m back home.We are now rebuilding our homes and lives.
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
On 14 August 2021， Haiti was hit by a 7.2 magnitude earthquake.The quake destroyed thousands of buildings， injured over 5，700 people， and left at least 1，297 others dead.Haiti has declared a state of emergency.
The earthquake struck near the town of Petit Trou de Nippes， in the western part of the country.That’s roughly 125 kilometers west of the capital， Port-au-Prince.The earthquake did serious damage in two nearby cities， Les Cayes and Jeremie， with Les Cayes hit the hardest.Homes， schools， churches， and offices were seriously damaged.
The number of injured people was so high that local hospitals have been unable to keep up.A number of medical workers at the general hospital in Les Cayes were themselves trapped in a building.Across the area， people were searching through the rubble （废墟） for survivors.But the earthquake also caused landslides （塌方）， making the job even more difficult.There have been many aftershocks — smaller quakes which follow the main earthquake.With many buildings damaged by the earthquake， it’s not certain whether the buildings still standing in the area are safe.Many people are choosing to sleep outside rather than taking the risk of sleeping in a building.
Haiti has still not fully returned to normal from a 7.0 magnitude earthquake which destroyed much of Port-au-Prince and killed over 200，000 people in 2010.The country suffered again in 2016， when it was stricken by Hurricane Matthew， which caused huge damage in Haiti.Storm Grace is expected to reach Haiti on Monday， bringing heavy rainfall with it.
Several countries have offered to help Haiti.The government says the country won’t officially ask for outside help until it is clear how much damage there is in all.But Haiti is not a rich country， and the government may not have the money for major efforts to rebuild the damaged areas.
语篇解读：本文是一篇报道。文章主要介绍了海地2010年和2021年发生地震的情况以及2016年遭受飓风袭击的情况。
1.Which was worst affected by 2021’s earthquake？ （ ）
A.Port-au-Prince. B.Jeremie.
C.Les Cayes. D.Petit Trou de Nippes.
解析：C 细节理解题。根据第二段倒数第二句可知，Les Cayes受灾最严重。
2.What does the underlined part “the job” in Paragraph 3 mean？ （ ）
A.Dealing with landslides.
B.Searching for survivors.
C.Observing aftershocks.
D.Doing building safety-checks.
解析：B 词义猜测题。根据第三段中的Across the area， people were searching through the rubble （废墟） for survivors.可知，人们正搜查废墟寻找幸存者。结合画线词所在句可知，地震也造成了山体滑坡，这使得搜寻幸存者更加困难。所以画线词指的是“搜寻幸存者”。
3.What is Haiti’s attitude to seeking foreign aid？ （ ）
A.Doubtful. B.Favored.
C.Cautious. D.Disapproving.
解析：C 推理判断题。根据最后一段第二句可推知，海地对寻求外援持谨慎的态度。
4.Where is the article probably taken from？ （ ）
A.A novel. B.A history book.
C.A newspaper. D.A brochure.
解析：C 推理判断题。根据全文可知，本文主要介绍了海地2010年和2021年发生地震的情况以及2016年遭受飓风袭击的情况。由此可推知，文章是一篇报道，可能来自报纸。
B
Standing on the ruins after the fire where his house had been， Peter Ruprecht admitted that he was not sure how or when to rebuild it.He was still shocked by what Australia’s increasingly changeable climate had already delivered： first a drought， then a destructive bush fire， and then a foot of rain from a storm.
“It’s unstoppable，” said Mr Ruprecht， a former dairy farmer.“We speak about the warmth of Mother Nature， but nature can also be vicious， wild and unforgiving.”
Australia’s hellish （极不愉快的） fire season has eased， but its people are facing more than a single disaster.With floods destroying homes not far from where fires recently spread， they are facing a cycle of what scientists call “compound extremes”： one climate disaster strengthens the next.
Higher temperatures do more than just dry out the land.They also heat up the atmosphere， which means clouds hold more moisture （水汽） for longer periods of time.So droughts get worse， giving way to fires， then to heavy rains that the land is too dry to absorb.
Many Australians in disaster zones complain that their government， after ignoring climate change for years， has not yet worked out recovery plans that are clear and that take future risks into account.
At the same time， the economic costs of a changing climate are rising quickly.Philip Lowe， governor of the Reserve Bank of Australia， warned recently that Australia was already paying a price， and that in effect it would only go up.
语篇解读：本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要介绍了澳大利亚发生的一系列极端气候灾害，包括它们的成因、给人们带来的影响、经济成本等。
5.Why is Peter Ruprecht mentioned in the beginning？（ ）
A.To arouse readers’ pity.
B.To introduce the topic.
C.To stress the problem.
D.To call on readers to help.
解析：B 推理判断题。根据第一段可知，Peter Ruprecht的房子被烧成废墟反映出澳大利亚多变的气候给人们造成了巨大的损失并引发了一系列气候灾难：干旱、毁灭性的丛林大火和暴风雨造成的一英尺的雨水。所以推知，提及Peter Ruprecht是为了引出话题：澳大利亚的气候灾难。
6.Which word can replace the underlined word “vicious” in Paragraph 2？（ ）
A.empty B.kind
C.responsible D.violent
解析：D 词义猜测题。根据画线词前的but可知，画线词所在分句与前面的分句之间是转折关系，根据but前面的warmth和画线词后面的wild and unforgiving可知，vicious应与wild（狂暴的）和unforgiving（难对付的）意思相近，与warmth（温暖）意思相反，故选D项“暴力的”。
7.What is the main cause of “compound extremes” in Australia？（ ）
A.The government’s inaction.
B.Higher temperatures.
C.The lack of money.
D.No recovery plans.
解析：B 细节理解题。根据第三段中的one climate disaster strengthens the next可知，compound extremes指的是一种气候灾害加剧另一种；第四段阐述了这个过程，即温度升高→大气升温→云层锁水量更大、时间更长→加剧土地干燥→火灾→土地无法吸收的大雨，因此是温度升高导致了compound extremes。
8.In which section of the newspaper can we read this passage？（ ）
A.Food. B.Travel.
C.Climate. D.Agriculture.
解析：C 文章出处题。文章第一、二段引出话题：澳大利亚的气候灾难，接下来的段落描述了气候灾难的危害、成因以及造成的经济成本等，所以本文话题与气候相关。
C
Fishing trips to Canada are a tradition for Jeffrey Hardy and his three friends from America.This summer in 2023， the forest air polluted with wildfire smoke forced the men to give up their mid-June fishing plan.Canada’s wildfire season put its tourism industry at a crucial time.
Except some days of poor air quality， major Canadian cities remain unaffected by wildfires.The fires are in the country’s northern areas that have drawn travelers interested in outdoor experiences in years past.
In a recent report by Destination Canada， a marketing organization， half of the total spent by international visitors is in Vancouver， Toronto and Montreal.But other Canadian destinations attractive to visitors have been affected by the wildfires.
In preparation for increasing visitor sizes and ongoing wildfires， some businesses are thinking about changing their operations， which see outdoor recreation （娱乐） as a tourism opportunity.A nonprofit travel agency is considering creating a questionnaire （调查问卷） for customers to show when they would cancel a booking because of road closes from the wildfires， poor air quality and a lack of visibility.
Tourism in British Columbia contributes greatly to its economy.The province has various recreational offerings， from the major ski destinations to hiking along the coast.Blackcomb， a helicopter tour company， has canceled its sightseeing offerings， using most of its helicopters on the firefighting effort until at least early August.“It’s the question of flying our customers around on sightseeing tours or putting out fires within 10 kilometers of our bases and the communities that we live in，” said Jordy Norris， the company’s tourism director.“We made it clear to both our staff and our customers that we have a duty to protect the backyard.”
Darrin Rigo， a photographer， recently saw a photo of a beautiful waterfall engulfed in fire on a media page.“I’m sure that’s not going to last long， and everything will turn to normal，” he said.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。加拿大的山林大火使旅游业受到很大的影响，但是人们依然对加拿大旅游业的发展充满信心。
9.Which part of Canada is most affected by the wildfire？（ ）
A.Canada’s central part. B.The northern areas.
C.Major Canadian cities. D.Places with few visitors.
解析：B 细节理解题。根据第二段第二句可知，这次山火主要影响的是加拿大的北部地区。
10.What can be inferred about Jordy Norris？（ ）
A.He is sad about his company’s loss from the fire.
B.He is confident about the use of the questionnaire.
C.He is glad to join in the fight against the wildfire.
D.He is stressed about the fire’s effect on his company.
解析：C 推理判断题。根据第五段中Jordy Norris说的话可推知，Jordy Norris为自己的公司能够参加灭火行动感到高兴。
11.What does the underlined word “engulfed” in the last paragraph mean？（ ）
A.Covered. B.Donated
C.Rescued. D.Protected.
解析：A 词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句可知，照片里这个美丽的瀑布被野火笼罩着。由此可知，画线词的含义是“笼罩，覆盖”。
12.Which of the following can be the best title for the text？（ ）
A.Tourism Suffers Great Loss in the Wildfire
B.All of Canada Have Acted to Beat Wildfire
C.Most of Canada Is Affected by the Wildfire
D.Wildfire Won’t Stop Canada’s Tourism Development
解析：D 标题归纳题。通读全文可知，本文讲述了一场山火对加拿大旅游业的影响，谈到这场火灾的分布及其对旅游业的影响，以及旅游业的从业人员对未来旅游业发展的乐观态度。故D项为文章最佳标题。
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
How to Survive a Tsunami
A tsunami is a series of destructive and dangerous waves that are typically caused by earthquakes.If you live in a tsunami hazard region， make sure you know what to do in the unfortunate event of a tsunami.13.（ ）
Evacuate on foot if possible.
Bridges and roads might be damaged or blocked after an earthquake.Whether there is an official tsunami warning or you live in a tsunami hazard zone and an earthquake just happened， immediately start moving on foot.14.（ ）This helps you avoid getting stuck in a car in a dangerous location.
15.（ ）
In some cases， you might not have time to evacuate.If you don’t have time to get away， go up to a third floor or higher in a strong building.Even better， try to get on the roof of the tallest， strongest building you can find.If you’re right on the coast， there might be a tall tsunami evacuation tower nearby.Look for evacuation route signs and follow them to the tower， then climb to the top.
Grab something floating if you’re in the water.
This can help keep you safe if you get caught by a tsunami’s waves.16.（ ） Grab the object and hold on tightly while you get carried by the waves.
17.（ ）
Tsunami activity can continue for up to 8 hours or longer.Stay away from the coast and on high ground for this period to play it safe.Listen to announcements from officials and only move when they say it’s safe to do so.
You may be stressed out and worried about loved ones， but you must stay where you are and try to remain calm.Don’t put your life at risk to try to meet up with someone in another area.
A.Look for a boat to stay on.
B.Walk or run towards safety quickly.
C.Stay in your safe spot for at least 8 hours.
D.Climb to the top of a building if you are trapped.
E.Here are some ways to react and survive a tsunami.
F.Look for something strong like a tree， a door or a life raft.
G.Join the rescue team in order to search for your loved ones.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了在海啸中生存的方法。
13.E 上文说明你应该知道应对海啸的方法，下文介绍了应对海啸的四种方法。E项（以下是一些应对海啸并在海啸中幸存下来的方法）符合语境。
14.B 上文说明当海啸来临时，你应该采用步行的方式。B项（快速走或跑向安全地带）符合语境。与下文“这有助于你避免在危险的地方被困在车里”为顺承关系。
15.D 下文说明被困时，要爬到高的地方或者建筑物的顶部。D项（如果你被困了，就爬到建筑物的顶部）能够概括本段内容，可作本段小标题。
16.F 上文说明如果你已经在水里，应该抓住一些漂浮的东西。F项（寻找像树、门或救生筏这样坚固的东西）承接上文，符合语境，举例说明可以抓住的漂浮的东西有什么。
17.C 下文说明海啸持续的时长，你应该在此期间远离海岸，待在高地以确保安全。C项（在你的安全地点至少待8个小时）能够概括本段内容，可作本段小标题。
Ⅲ.应用文写作
假定你是李华，你校在上周举办了防震减灾宣传活动（Earthquake Prevention and Disaster Reduction Campaign），你的笔友John发邮件向你询问此次活动的相关情况，请你给他回复一封邮件，内容包括：
1.活动内容；
2.此次活动的感受与收获。
注意：1.写作词数应为80左右；
2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Dear John，
Yours，
Li Hua
参考范文：
Dear John，
I’m delighted to receive your letter， in which you expressed eagerness for some information about the Earthquake Prevention and Disaster Reduction Campaign held in our school.I’m glad to share it with you.
As scheduled， the activity took place last Friday.First， all the teachers and students attended a lecture to get a good knowledge of earthquake.During the lecture， the lecturer impressed on us the damage an earthquake can cause and how to protect ourselves when an earthquake happens through videos and pictures.After that， an earthquake prevention drill was conducted.
I’ve learned a lot from this activity.It is of great significance for us to master some self-help measures.
Yours，
Li Hua
12 / 12UNIT 6 Disaster and hope
作者在几年前经历了一次可怕的暴风雨，至今仍心有余悸。这次经历让作者意识到，我们人类应该敬畏自然、爱护自然。
Bangladesh is easily affected by natural disasters.Floods， storms， droughts and other disasters often visit the country.The natural disaster that I experienced some years ago is still in my mind.It was on the evening of 9 April 2016.A terrible storm hit our area， killed many people and destroyed a lot of houses.I remember the sky suddenly became dark with clouds and that the wind began to blow around， carrying rain.There were flashes of lightning.The wind suddenly grew crazy with a frightening noise.Within a few minutes， everything was in a mess.Most houses were destroyed.Many trees were uprooted and fell down.The roof of the house in which I was sleeping was also swept away by the storm.The wind was so strong that almost nobody could go to a safe place.Lightning made me blind and the thunder made me deaf.After the storm stopped， we went out of our broken house.There was only the scene of destruction everywhere.That morning， I got the news that some people and a lot of cows， goats and other animals were killed.It seemed that the storm caused a terrible loss of lives and property.
Still， when I remember the storm， I feel so scared.It was one of the most terrible experiences in my life.Mother Nature always reminds us of how powerful it is.We cannot predict when it might punish us.I have realised that nature cannot be controlled and that Mother Nature doesn’t forgive us if we humans do harm to it.Those who break the laws of nature are certain to receive punishment， so all of us should be careful to build a happy， beautiful and disaster-free world.
【理解】
1.What mostly made it impossible for people to reach safety in the storm？
The terrible wind.
2.What does the author want to tell us in the last paragraph？
It’s important to protect the environment.
【积累】
1.flash n. 闪光，闪亮
2.uproot vt. 连根拔起
3.sweep away 摧毁
4.property n. 财产
5.predict vt. 预言
1 / 3单元质量检测（六） Disaster and hope
（满分150分，时间120分钟）
第一部分 听力（共两节，满分30分）
第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1.Why does the woman fail to go to the party？（ ）
A.She’s been invited to a rock concert.
B.She wants to meet her friends.
C.She has to write a report.
2.What did the woman go to London for？（ ）
A.A tour. B.A vacation. C.A business trip.
3.What does the man ask the woman to have？（ ）
A.Orange juice.
B.Some biscuits.
C.A hamburger.
4.What can we know about the woman？（ ）
A.She is annoyed about something.
B.She is worried about the man.
C.She is satisfied with everything.
5.Where does the conversation take place？（ ）
A.In a café. B.On a plane. C.In a hospital.
第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
6.What’s the probable relationship between the speakers？（ ）
A.Husband and wife.
B.Manager and secretary.
C.Brother and sister.
7.What’s their problem？（ ）
A.They have no time to go to a movie tonight.
B.Debbie has refused to babysit for them.
C.They can’t find a good babysitter easily.
听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。
8.Which place is the nearest to the woman now？（ ）
A.Waterfront Park.
B.Harbor Street.
C.A hotel.
9.How is the woman likely to go to her destination？（ ）
A.By subway. B.On foot. C.By bus.
听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。
10.What is the woman’s favourite subject？（ ）
A.Spanish. B.Art. C.History.
11.What is the woman planning to do straight after leaving school？（ ）
A.Work as a journalist.
B.Start university.
C.Go travelling.
12.How does the woman feel about her future career？（ ）
A.Hesitant. B.Certain. C.Hopeless.
听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。
13.Where are the speakers going？（ ）
A.To a bar.
B.To a dance club.
C.To a restaurant.
14.What does the woman say about the man’s jeans？（ ）
A.They are too big.
B.They look old.
C.They are in style.
15.According to the woman， what looks like a dead animal？（ ）
A.The man’s jacket.
B.The man’s hat.
C.The man’s shirt.
16.What is the woman crazy about？（ ）
A.Painting pictures.
B.Baseball.
C.Fancy clothing brands.
听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。
17.Which products are 10％ off？（ ）
A.Men’s shoes.
B.Women’s socks.
C.Bathroom items.
18.Where can soda be found？（ ）
A.In Row Nine.
B.In Row Seven.
C.In Row Six.
19.Which food is being served in Row Eight？（ ）
A.Pasta.
B.Baked chicken.
C.Fruit salad.
20.Who will help people find what they want？（ ）
A.Chefs.
B.The speaker.
C.Workers in the red shirts.
答案：1－5 CCAAB 6－10 ACCBA
11－15 CBBBA 16－20 BBAAC
听力原文：
（Text 1）
M：Would you like to come to our party tonight？You’ll enjoy some new rock music and meet some of your old friends.
W：That sounds great， but I’m afraid I can’t manage it as I have to finish my report.
（Text 2）
M：How about having a vacation in Paris this weekend？
W：Sorry.I need a rest， for I’ll have another business trip there next Monday.
M：Another？You just had one in London last week.
（Text 3）
M：I’m very tired.Let’s have a rest and eat something.Would you like some orange juice？
W：Yes， thanks.I have some biscuits with me.Want to have a try？
M：No.Thank you anyway.I prefer a hamburger of my own.
（Text 4）
M：How have things been going recently？
W：Horribly！I’ve always been down.It seems as if the whole world was against me！
M：That’s how things go sometimes.Don’t worry.Everything will get better.
（Text 5）
M：Excuse me.Can I have a glass of water， please？
W：Certainly.Is there anything else that you need？
M：I wonder if you have anything for a headache.I’m feeling kind of airsick.
W：I’m sorry to hear that.I’ll give you some pills.
（Text 6）
M：Honey， can you get a babysitter for tonight？
W：Why do we do that？
M：Well， I thought we could go out for dinner and then go to a movie afterwards.
W：Good idea！I can ask Debbie if she could help us.
M：Well， do that， and then call me at the office if you have any luck.
W：Okay， but don’t get your hopes up.It’s hard to find a good babysitter these days.
（Text 7）
W：What’s the best way to get to Waterfront Park from here？Can I take the subway？
M：No.You can catch the number 34 bus in front of that hotel.Get off at Harbor Street.Actually，it’s just a short walk from here.
W：Really？How far is it？
M：About ten or fifteen minutes’ walk.
W：That’s quite short.Thank you very much.
M：That’s OK.
（Text 8）
M：So， next year you’re going to start your A levels.Which subject are you going to choose？
W：I’m surely going to choose Spanish because it is my favourite subject and then I’m not really sure ...I’d like to do art but I don’t know if it’s very useful for my career.
M：What do you want to do？
W：A journalist.That has been my dream since my childhood.So，I guess history or psychology or something is probably more useful for my career.
M：Do you want to go to university？
W：Yeah， but I’m not going to start university straight after I leave school.I’m planning to have a gap year， you know， a break from studying for a while.
M：And what would you like to do in your gap year？Any ideas？
W：I want to travel ...I’d like to go to Italy and learn Italian.I don’t know if it’s really practical but that’s my dream！
（Text 9）
W：Uh， where do you think you’re going？
M：We’re going to the new club， right？Oh！I can’t wait to go to the dance floor and ...
W：Ha！You’re not seriously going out like that， are you？
M：Yeah， I know I look good！Just let me get my jacket ...
W：Jason， you look ridiculous！Your jeans are too tight， and they look like they were washed too many times ...back in the 80s！And why are you wearing that funny hat？
M：What？You’ve never heard of the New York Yankees？
W：I’m a huge baseball fan.I know who the Yankees are！But why are you wearing that hat backwards？How old are you，ten years old？ And that jacket looks like a dead animal.
M：Well，it’s not like you’re dressed up or anything ...
W：Exactly！I’m wearing comfortable clothes that are actually in style！See how I’m wearing colours that actually match？You’re trying way hard to look cool.
M：Whatever ...
W：Please， just put on something simple before you scare some children ...
（Text 10）
Hello， shoppers！Thank you so much for coming into Save Mart today.We have some great savings for you this afternoon.Head on over to Row Six for 50％ off for all bathroom items.Apples and oranges in Row Seven are “buy one box， and get the next box free”.Women’s socks are 10％ off， and all men’s winter shoes are 20％ off.In Row Nine， we are selling three packs of soda for the price of two.
That’s it for sales today， but if you spend over one hundred dollars， you get an additional twenty-five dollars off.Our amazing in-store chefs have also set up food stands all over the store.Head to the back of the store to try our baked chicken.We have pasta in Row Eight and fruit salad near the vegetable section.The chefs will happily give you a free sample， so you can try anything you like！If you need help finding something， just look for the people in the red shirts.We are here to serve you！Thank you so much for choosing to shop at Save Mart.We hope you have a wonderful experience and save a lot of money！Have a great day！
第二部分 阅读（共两节，满分50分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Nobody expects a natural disaster to strike.Neither does anyone know the impact it can have on life.The following measures can save your life in an emergency.
Typhoon
Typhoons occur in the northwestern Pacific Ocean， particularly in exposed regions like the Caroline Islands， the Philippines， and Japan.The best place to hide during a typhoon is a secure basement or a bathroom with no windows.A must-have device is a battery-powered weather radio， through which you will hear evacuation orders or in other cases， instructions on how to survive in your shelter and learn about the weather situation.
Flood
Floods occur more often than any other natural disaster and change the landscape dramatically.They are usually caused by intense rainfalls lasting for days.Don’t try to be the bravest person around and stay in your house.Once you hear the evacuation warning， leave for safer higher grounds with your important papers in a waterproof container.
Avalanche
An avalanche can hit when you are enjoying Alpine skiing in a dreamlike location.It is very fast and disastrous， burying everything in its way under tons of snow.When an avalanche starts， try to move to the side of the slope as fast as you can.If you get buried in the snow， dig an air pocket to be able to keep breathing.Wait for the rescue team to find you and don’t waste your energy shouting or digging frantically.Call out when you bear the team approaching.
Wildfire
Wildfires spread at an amazing speed and destroy everything in their way.If you are caught in a wild fire， use a wet cloth to cover your nose and mouth to ensure that you can breathe.Try to stay upwind of the fire at all times and get close to a pond or river.Stay low and cover yourself with wet clothing， a blanket， or soil until the fire passes.
语篇解读：本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了在遇到自然灾害时应该如何挽救自己的生命。
21.What should people trapped in flood probably do when they hear the evacuation orders？（ ）
A.Bring an umbrella with them. B.Go to higher places.
C.Call out for help loudly. D.Get a torch in case of a blackout.
解析：B 细节理解题。根据Flood部分中的最后一句可知，被困在洪水中的人们，一旦听到疏散警告可能会转移到更安全的高地。
22.Among the four natural disasters， which one requires people to run against the wind？（ ）
A.Typhoon. B.Flood.
C.Avalanche. D.Wildfire.
解析：D 细节理解题。根据Wildfire部分中的Try to stay upwind of the fire at all times and get close to a pond or river.可知，人们被困野火时需要逆风跑。
23.What do we know from the text？（ ）
A.Typhoons occur only in the exposed regions in the northwestern Pacific Ocean.
B.Floods cause the most frequent damage among the disasters mentioned.
C.Those who meet with avalanches are advised to call out the minute they’re trapped.
D.Getting clean air matters most in the case of wildfires， despite the difficulty.
解析：B 细节理解题。根据Flood部分中的第一句可知，在文中提到的灾害中，洪水比其他自然灾害发生得更频繁，并极大地改变了地貌。
B
The world is lucky when our most brilliant minds choose to work for the common good.Young Ryan Honary is among one of the brilliant minds.
Shocked by the deaths in the 2018 Camp Fire， California’s frightening wildfire， Honary turned his attention to how to decrease future disasters.In 2019， Honary won a $10，000 prize in the Ignite Innovation Student Challenge for his early wildfire detection network， which provides app technology for firefighters.He was only in fifth grade at the time.
Turning 14 years old and going into the eighth grade this year， Honary is busy working in SensoRy AI， the company he set up.With the help of his father and a team of experts， the company has received a lot of attention.
Honary started creating websites when he was in third grade.He learned Python and JavaScript in a local after-school program.At the same time， he was interested in animals and the environment.He became worried as he saw how much the environment was under pressure.
When wildfires started ruining the air quality， destroying homes and killing some people， Honary thought about how AI can be used to solve environmental problems such as wildfires.In order to get data to train the machine learning models on his fire detectors， he collected real-world data from Google Earth about the Camp Fire of 2018 in California.Once a fire is detected by a fire detector， the information can be sent to the app he created.Also， machine learning can be used to predict where the fires are going.
Honary is hoping to attract more people from his generation to his company.He believes the environment is going to be a big responsibility for all of us.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了年轻的Ryan Honary发明了人工智能火灾探测器，降低了伤亡率。
24.What can be inferred from Paragraphs 2 and 3？（ ）
A.Honary’s detecting network was free.
B.Honary gained many awards in 2019.
C.Honary’s company is facing serious challenges.
D.Honary is young but makes amazing achievements.
解析：D 推理判断题。根据第二段最后一句以及第三段第一句可推知，Honary很年轻，但却取得了惊人的成就。
25.Why did Honary invent the detector？（ ）
A.To make a fortune.
B.To enlarge his company.
C.To save firefighters.
D.To reduce wildfire disasters.
解析：D 细节理解题。根据第二段第一句可知，Honary发明探测器是为了减少野火灾害。
26.How did Honary train the machine learning models on detectors？（ ）
A.By creating websites.
B.By collecting data.
C.By taking an after-school program.
D.By sending information to the app.
解析：B 细节理解题。根据第五段第二句可知，Honary通过收集数据在检测器上训练机器学习模型。
27.Which of the following can best describe Honary？（ ）
A.Gifted and humorous.
B.Curious and confident.
C.Creative and responsible.
D.Friendly and intelligent.
解析：C 推理判断题。根据第二段倒数第二句以及最后一段内容可推知，Honary有创造力和责任心。
C
The public nowadays has a misunderstanding of forest fires， believing that fires should be kept out of every type of forest.Many of us can recall Smoky the Bear’s famous warning：“Remember， only YOU can prevent forest fires.” However， that’s not always the case.Under the right conditions， and when conducted safely， fire can create many environmental benefits as well as help prevent larger， uncontrollable wildfires.
After a forest fire， many wildlife species will move into recently burned areas to feed on these newly available foods.Some reptiles and amphibians such as the snake prefer forests frequently burned by fire.As Herbert Stoddard put it，“One of the most harmful things modern man has done to birds has been his attempt to exclude fire from fire-type pine （松树） forests.Within a few years most forests choke up with bushes， lose their prairie-like vegetation （草原般植被） and can no longer support birds which depend on periodic burning for their food supply and proper cover.”
If you are asked to picture the forest floor， what do you see？ Pine needles， cones， leaves， branches might come to mind — all sources of fuel.If these fuel sources build up without any type of removal， the “fuel load” can lead to fires which are huge disasters to forests and people alike.In contrast， prescribed fires can be used by forest professionals every couple of years to keep forest fuels at a proper and manageable level.They can also greatly reduce the spread of pest insects and disease and remove unwanted tree and plant species.Plus， they can create and maintain important wildlife habitats rich in grasses and promote the growth of trees， wildflowers and other various plants.
Many organizations work to promote fire on the landscape.Smoky the Bear even has an updated warning： “Only YOU can prevent wildfires，” as the Forest Service has over the last few decades developed policies and measures to include prescribed fire as a useful tool， as well as continuing their work to prevent and fight wildfires.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。公众对森林火灾其实存在误解，适当条件下的火灾对环境有益处，并有助于防止更大规模无法控制的野火。
28.What can benefit birds according to Herbert Stoddard？（ ）
A.Forest bushes. B.Periodic burning.
C.Fuel sources. D.Pine forests.
解析：B 细节理解题。根据第二段中Herbert Stoddard所说的话可知，对Herbert Stoddard而言，周期性的燃烧对鸟类是有益的，为它们提供食物和适当掩护。
29.What does the underlined word “prescribed” in Paragraph 3 probably mean？（ ）
A.Frequent. B.Wild.
C.Planned. D.Damaging.
解析：C 词义猜测题。根据画线词的下文can be used by forest ...and manageable level可知，专业人员使用这种火有固定的频率，目的是更好地管控森林燃料。结合所给选项可推知，画线词意思应该与Planned （有计划的）相近，这是人为事先计划好的火。
30.Why do forest professionals need to conduct fire every couple of years according to the passage？（ ）
A.To keep the forest in balance.
B.To keep the fuel rich in the forest.
C.To put out wildfires.
D.To remove tree and plant species.
解析：A 推理判断题。根据第三段最后两句可知，这种火灾可以帮助森林生态系统清理有害的、不需要的生物，促进有益的生物生长。由此可知，森林专业人员这样做是为了保持森林的平衡。
31.What is the author’s purpose in writing the text？（ ）
A.To prevent the use of prescribed fire in the forest.
B.To promote the complete exclusion of fire from forests.
C.To educate people on positive aspects of controlled fires.
D.To encourage the public to remove sources of forest fuels.
解析：C 推理判断题。通读全文尤其是第一段可知，作者想破除公众对森林火灾存在的误解，向读者普及正确的理解：适当条件下的火灾对环境有益处，并有助于防止更大规模无法控制的野火。因此，作者的写作目的是教育人们了解受控制的火灾的积极影响。
D
A heatwave has hit many countries in Europe， pushing temperatures over 40℃.A heatwave is a long period of unusually hot weather.The heat is expected to continue until the end of July.
The Italian Island of Sardinia reached 46℃ on 18 July.The Italy government has asked people to dress in linen（a thin， light material） and to stay indoors between 10 am and 6 pm.The government has asked people to drink plenty of water but avoid alcohol， fizzy drinks and coffee， which can make you feel thirstier.In Rome， the country’s capital， people aged over 70 can go to swimming pools for free to help them keep cool.
Wildfires have broken out in many places.In Greece， which recorded 41℃ on 18 July， fires near the capital， Athens， have destroyed huge areas of forest and thousands of people have been moved to safety.Heatwaves can make fires worse because hot weather dries plants， which fuel the fires.
In the US， temperatures in Death Valley， California， hit 53℃ on 18 July， close to the hottest ever recorded on Earth.On 16 July， the US National Weather Service issued warnings in parts of the country， affecting more than 80 million people.
Despite the high temperatures in many European countries， the UK is not experiencing a heatwave.This is because a different weather pattern has brought rain and lower temperatures to the UK.
The heatwave in Europe is being caused by a weather pattern that has stopped the air from moving very much.That means the hot， dry weather has got stuck and temperatures have kept rising.Earth is also experiencing a natural climate pattern called El Nino（厄尔尼诺）， which causes the water in the eastern Pacific Ocean to warm up more than usual.This can lead to hot weather around the world.Temperatures in some parts of Europe were expected to fall on 20 July.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了热浪袭击欧洲以及各地政府采取的措施。
32.What suggestion did the Italian government give to avoid high temperatures？ （ ）
A.Provide free swimming pools to keep young people cool.
B.Wear thick clothes to prevent the invasion of heat.
C.Drink enough amounts of coffee to keep the mind clear.
D.Don’t go outdoors during high temperature periods.
解析：D 细节理解题。根据第二段第二句可知，意大利政府建议高温时期不要到户外活动。
33.What do we know about the wildfires in Greece？（ ）
A.The fires were mainly caused by people.
B.The heatwaves fueled the spread of wildfires.
C.The fires had already killed a thousand people.
D.The entire forest has been destroyed into ruins.
解析：B 细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句可知，热浪助长了野火的蔓延。
34.What prevented the UK from experiencing the heatwaves of Europe？（ ）
A.Different weather patterns.
B.Different geographic locations.
C.Global El Nino phenomenon.
D.The effect of the Pacific Ocean.
解析：A 细节理解题。根据第五段可知，不同的天气模式使英国没有经历欧洲的热浪。
35.What is the main idea of this passage？（ ）
A.The hottest city on record in the world has finally emerged.
B.The hot weather caused by heatwaves is coming to an end.
C.Heatwaves swept across Europe and America except the UK.
D.The El Nino phenomenon led to the global high temperatures.
解析：C 主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了热浪袭击欧洲以及各地政府采取的措施。
第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
An earthquake happens when two plates rub together.The Earth plates travel in different directions and at different speeds.36.（ ） In other words， earthquakes are the shaking of the Earth’s surface caused by the Earth’s rocky outer layer.The energy stored within is suddenly released.
The damage an earthquake causes depends on where it is and when it is happening.If an unpopulated region is struck， there will be low loss of life or property.37.（ ） Many of the areas at risk are largely populated now.Major earthquakes hitting those areas today could produce terrible damage.
38.（ ） Fortunately， however， most of them are unnoticed to the public because of the small Richter scale （震级）.But large earthquakes such as the 1964 Alaskan quake that measured 9.2 on the Richter scale， can cause millions of dollars in damage.
39.（ ） In 1972， a series of severe earthquakes struck Managua， Nicaragua.Fifteen years later， the city still looked the way it had a week after the earthquake hit， because the city was in such a mess that it didn’t have the money necessary to rebuild it.
The shaking of the Earth is sometimes not the greatest disaster.40.（ ） In the 1906 earthquake， it was the fires caused after it that did the majority of the damage.An earthquake can also destroy dams high above a city or valleys， causing floods to sweep away everything in their path.
A.Actually， there are several million small earthquakes every year.
B.It is in the fires and floods that often the greatest damage occurs.
C.Throughout history， there are numerous destructive big earthquakes.
D.If it hits a large city， there may be many injuries and much destruction.
E.So it is of great importance to predict the movements of the Earth plates.
F.If one plate is slowly forced under the other， pressure builds up until the plates break apart.
G.The destructive damage of an earthquake can continue for years after the first shake.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了地震形成的原因、影响等。
36.F 根据上文可知，本空与“运动导致地震”有关。F项（如果一个板块被慢慢压在另一个板块下面，压力就会积聚起来，直到板块破裂）承接上文，符合语境。
37.D 根据空后两句可知，本空与“大地震袭击人口众多地区”有关。D项（如果它袭击一个大城市，可能会有很多人受伤和造成很大破坏）引起下文，符合语境。
38.A 根据空后一句可知，本空与“小地震”有关。A项（事实上，每年都有几百万次小地震）引起下文，符合语境。
39.G 根据下文可知，本空与“地震后持续数年的影响”有关。G项（地震的毁灭性破坏可能在第一次地震后持续数年）引起下文，符合语境。
40.B 根据空后两句可知，本空与“地震引发的火灾和洪水的破坏”有关。B项（火灾和洪水往往造成最大的破坏）引起下文，符合语境。
第三部分 语言运用（共两节，满分30分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文， 从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
About twenty years ago， Jeff Fister was driving his 12-year-old son to school on a busy morning.His little baby was also in the backseat.He 41 at one of the city’s busiest street， and the light turned green.
“Suddenly， out of nowhere， a car 42 into the back of our car，” he recalled.“We began to spin around （旋转） while the other car landed upside down.”
They were 43 but uninjured.When they got out of the car， his little baby 44 crying.“It was unbearable，” he said.
Fister found himself 45 at a street corner， directly across from a medical center.There were lots of people 46 to work.Then he turned around and saw a woman who was wearing a healthcare 47 appear from the crowd， holding out her 48 .
“She could see I was pretty scared，” he recalled.“And I just 49 the baby to her.It was really instinctive，” he said.After Fister started making phone calls and speaking to the police， he turned around and looked at the broken car window.
“And I realized how 50 we were，” he said.
When things calmed down， the woman handed his child back to Fister.She gave him a little wave and then 51 in the crowd.
Since then， the woman’s act of 52 has become more and more meaningful to Fister.It has 53 him that the world is full of goodness， and people who want to help.
“I don’t necessarily 54 all the angel stuff，”Fister said， “but certainly， I think there are people who decide to help someone out， just 55 simple acts of kindness like that woman did for me.”
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。Jeff Fister在一次送孩子上学的路上遭遇车祸，一个善良的、素不相识的医护人员伸出援手，这件事让他感触颇多。Fister认为世界充满了善意和善良的人，并决定传达这份善意。
41.A.reached B.arrived
C.passed D.rushed
解析：B 根据上文Jeff Fister was driving his 12-year-old son to school on a busy morning可知，Fister开车到了这条街。
42.A.crashed B.changed
C.broke D.looked
解析：A 根据下文We began to spin around （旋转） while the other car landed upside down.可知发生了车祸，两车相撞。
43.A.worried B.nervous
C.frightened D.excited
解析：C 根据上文可知，车被撞得打转，另外一辆车直接被撞翻了。由此可知，他们受惊了。
44.A.brought out B.picked out
C.let out D.burst out
解析：D 根据下文It was unbearable可知，车祸比较严重，孩子和大人都感到害怕，孩子大哭起来。
45.A.lying B.sitting
C.standing D.smiling
解析：C 根据上文When they got out of the car可知，Fister下车之后发现自己站在街角。
46.A.by the way B.in the way
C.in this way D.on the way
解析：D 车祸发生在早上Fister送孩子上学的路上。由此可知，有很多人在去工作的路上。
47.A.hat B.uniform
C.sweater D.suit
解析：B 当时很多人在去工作的路上，而且车祸发生的附近有一家医院，所以一位穿着医疗工作制服的女士出现在人群中。
48.A.arms B.legs
C.feet D.shoulders
解析：A 根据下文And I just 49 the baby to her.可知，女士伸出了手。
49.A.offered B.handed
C.sent D.brought
解析：B 根据下文the woman handed his child back to Fister可知，此处表示Fister把孩子递给她。
50.A.fortunate B.delighted
C.ambitious D.comfortable
解析：A 根据上文he turned around and looked at the broken car window可知，他们遭遇车祸，车窗都被撞碎了，幸运的是人安然无恙。
51.A.sighed B.nodded
C.disappeared D.wept
解析：C 根据上文She gave him a little wave and then可知，一切结束之后，这位善良的女士离开了。
52.A.generosity B.bravery
C.wisdom D.determination
解析：A 根据上文holding out her 48 可知，在Fister遭遇车祸的时候，这位善良的女士慷慨地伸出援助之手。
53.A.informed B.told
C.warned D.reminded
解析：D 根据下文the world is full of goodness ... to help可知，这件事一直提醒Fister这个世界充满了善意和善良的人。
54.A.persuade B.convince
C.believe D.encourage
解析：C 根据下文but certainly， I think there are people who decide to help someone out可知，Fister虽然不相信天使这样的事情，但相信有善良的人。
55.A.practicing B.performing
C.behaving D.defending
解析：B 根据下文like that woman did for me可知，此处表示做善事。
第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
In May 2021， Congo’s Mount Nyiragongo， one of the world’s most dangerous volcanoes， burst to life without warning.Lava erupted from cracks and 56. （stream） down the mountain toward cities below， 57. （leave） hundreds dead， missing or injured.
Now， using data from monitoring stations， 58. were built near the volcano in 2015， researchers have pieced together how that eruption happened so 59. （sudden）.The data also suggests the event could have been deadlier and people should 60. （well） understand this volcano’s particular dangers before the next eruption.The mountain sits near 61. eastern border of Congo， threatening both the Congolese city of Goma 62. the Rwandan city of Gisenyi.Nyiragongo’s last two eruptions were both strong enough 63. （feel） by people living nearby.64. ， before the eruption on 22 May 2021， even the sensitive monitoring stations near the volcano didn’t notice clear warning 65. （sign） of lava on the move underground.
语篇解读：本文是一篇新闻报道。2021年5月，世界上最危险的火山之一——刚果的尼拉贡戈火山在毫无征兆的情况下爆发了，文章分析了这次火山爆发的原因和危害。
56.streamed 考查动词的时态。and连接两个并列谓语，前后时态一致，由erupted可知，空格处所在句子时态是一般过去时，故填streamed。
57.leaving 考查非谓语动词。句中谓语是erupted and streamed，空格处用非谓语动词，空前所描述的内容和leave之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，因此空格处用动词-ing形式作状语，故填leaving。
58.which 考查定语从句。空格处引导非限制性定语从句，从句中缺少主语，先行词monitoring stations指物，因此空格处用关系代词which。
59.suddenly 考查词形转换。空格处修饰动词happened，应用副词，故填suddenly。
60.better 考查比较级。由前面的deadlier可知，空格处用比较级，故填better。
61.the 考查冠词。eastern border of Congo意为“刚果东部边境”，前面需加定冠词表特指，故填the。
62.and 考查连词。both ... and ...是固定搭配，故填and。
63.to be felt 考查非谓语动词和语态。 “be＋形容词＋enough to do”是固定短语，意为“足以做某事”，由by可知，空格处用不定式的被动语态，故填to be felt。
64.However 考查副词。空前后两句之间是转折关系，且空后有逗号，应用However，位于句首，首字母大写。
65.signs 考查名词的数。sign是可数名词，意为“信号”，此处表示不止一个，因此空格处用复数，故填signs。
第四部分 写作（共两节，满分40分）
第一节（满分15分）
假定你是李华，上周六下午你校举行了消防逃生演练（fire drill）。请你就这次演练给校英文报写一篇报道，内容包括：
1.消防讲座；
2.逃生演练；
3.你的评价。
注意：1.写作词数应为80左右；
2.请按如下格式作答。
A Fire Drill in Our School
参考范文：
A Fire Drill in Our School
In order to raise our safety awareness， our school held a fire drill last Saturday afternoon.All the teachers and students took part in the drill.
At first， some firefighters were invited to give a speech.They showed us what to do in case of a fire， how to prevent the fire and how to use different kinds of fire-fighting equipment.Then a fire drill was held.As soon as the alarm rang， all of us students ran downstairs in order.We finally got together at the playground safely， where our teachers were waiting for us.
Through the drill， we have learned how to escape in an emergency.I think it is important for us to remain calm and know what to do.
第二节（满分25分）
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Caught in a flood
Mary and her parents were downstairs in the living room.Mary was looking through the windows at the endless rain outside.It had been raining non-stop for three days.She had never seen a storm this bad.It was making her nervous.The wind roared， and the rain beat on the roof and windows.Dad was listening to a weather report on the radio， while Mum was putting their important documents and disaster supplies into a bag.
“Mum， Dad，” said Mary suddenly， “I think we should leave here right away！”
“No，” said Dad.“It’s too late！ The radio says the city has already been flooded.”
“We can drive our car through the floodwater！ Let’s just leave！ I’m really scared！” cried Mary.“We can’t do that， honey，” explained Mum， “otherwise the moving water could wash the car away！”
Mary walked to the door.She was curious to see how much water there was outside.
“Don’t open the door！” shouted Mum and Dad at the same time.“The water may flood in！”
Dad moved the dinner table against the door， in case the floodwater forced the door open.Mum waved to Mary to sit on the sofa.“Mary， don’t worry.Everything’s going to be OK，” she said softly， trying her best to comfort Mary.Her voice was calm， but Mary could tell she was worried too.
Without saying a single word， Dad walked to the sofa， sat down and hugged his wife and daughter.The sudden silence in the house seemed to make the wind and rain more frightening outside.What could they do？
注意：1.续写词数应为150左右；
2.请按如下格式作答。
After a brief discussion， Mum and Dad made a decision.
Finally， the rain stopped.
参考范文：
After a brief discussion， Mum and Dad made a decision.They believed that they should stay in the house.They thought it would be really dangerous to try to walk through the water to get to higher ground.“Mary， we’ll have to go upstairs and wait there，” said Mum.“OK， Mum.If that’s what you think is best，” Mary replied uncertainly.So they went upstairs and waited.Downstairs， water started flooding into the living room and kitchen.All three of them were nervous， but at least they had disaster supplies， including food and drinking water.
Finally， the rain stopped.But Mary and her family couldn’t leave while the house was still flooded.They listened to the radio and learnt that rescue workers in boats were coming to rescue people who were trapped in their homes.They waited for a boat to arrive at their house.Their home had been badly damaged， but they were all happy to be alive.About half an hour later， the boat arrived and took Mary and her parents to a safe place.
14 / 14Section Ⅱ Using language
省略
①It’s the hottest on the whole Tube system.
②My office is only on the third floor of the building， so quite low.
③You’d better look out when crossing the street.
④He is the man you can depend on.
⑤Technology isn’t the only way to forecast the weather.Nature has its ways， too.
⑥It shows a knowledge of first aid can make a real difference.
⑦What a wonderful victory for Tom！
【我的发现】
1.句①为 简单句中 的省略，the hottest后省略了 line 。
2.句②为 并列句中 的省略，quite前省略了 it is 。
3.句③为 状语从句 的省略，when后省略了 you are 。
4.句④为 定语从句 的省略，you前省略了 who/whom/that 。
5.句⑤为 动词不定式 的省略，ways后省略了 to forecast the weather 。
6.句⑥为 宾语从句 的省略，a knowledge前省略了 that 。
7.句⑦为 感叹句 的省略，for Tom前省略了 it is 。
为了避免重复，或为了使句子更简练，在一些句子中常常省去一个或某几个成分，这种语法现象在英语中叫省略。在英语句子中，常见的省略情况有以下几种：
一、简单句中的省略
1.省略主语：一般情况下，主语是不能省略的，但在祈使句和其他不容易引起歧义的情况下，特别是在口语中，主语常常省略，主要是祈使句中的you和疑问句中的主语。
（I） Beg your pardon？
请再说一遍？
2.省略宾语：当前、后两个句子的宾语一致时，后句常省略宾语。
—Do you know Miss Gao？
——你认识高女士吗？
—I don’t know （her）.
——我不认识。
3.省略主语和谓语（或谓语的一部分）：在某些具体的场合下，主语和谓语都很明确，此时为了简化或显得亲切等，可将主语和谓语（或谓语的一部分）同时省略，只剩下表语、宾语、状语或其他成分。
What a hot day （it is）！
多热的天啊！（省略了主语和谓语）
（You come） This way， please.
请这边走。（省略了主语和谓语）
（Have you） Got any ink？
你有墨水吗？（省略了主语和谓语的一部分）
【即时演练1】 补全下列省略句
①Have a seat， please！
→ You have a seat， please！
②Sounds like a good idea.
→ It sounds like a good idea.
③Let’s do the dishes.I’ll wash and you dry.
→Let’s do the dishes.I’ll wash and you dry them/the dishes .
④Anything I can do for you？
→ Is there anything I can do for you？
二、并列句中的省略
在由and或but连接的并列句中，常省略一些重复的词或词组。
1.省略共同的主语或宾语。
I picked up a book and （I） put it on the desk.
我把书捡起来，并把它放在书桌上。
2.若主语不同，而谓语部分的系动词、助动词或情态动词相同，则省略后面的系动词、助动词或情态动词。
Jack must have been playing football and Mary （must have been） doing her homework.
杰克肯定一直在踢足球，玛丽肯定一直在做家庭作业。
3.若主语与谓语动词相同，则省略后面的主谓成分。
His words made me happy， but （his words made） Jim angry.
他的话使我高兴，却使吉姆生气。
4.若主语不同，但主要动词及后续部分相同，则省略主要动词及后续部分。
I was born in winter in 2003 and Bob （was born in winter） in 2004.
我出生于2003年的冬天，而鲍勃出生于 2004 年的冬天。
【即时演练2】 写出下列句中可以省略的部分
①Some of us study Japanese， and others study English. others后的study
②He gave up drinking several months ago， but he returned to his old way later. but后的he
③My friend didn’t come to school， but I wonder why he didn’t come to school. he didn’t come to school
三、复合句中的省略
1.状语从句的省略
（1）在when， while， if， as if， though， although， as， until， once， whether， unless， whenever等引导的状语从句中，当从句主语跟主句主语相同且从句谓语中含有be动词或从句的主语为it时，则从句中的主语和be动词常被省略。
As （it is） scheduled， we participated in several instructive activities.
按照计划安排，我们参加了几个有指导意义的活动。
His opinion， whether （it is） right or wrong， would be considered.
他的意见，无论对错，都会被考虑。
You shouldn’t go to his party unless（you are）invited.
你不应该去他的聚会，除非你被邀请。
（2）在than， as等引导的比较状语从句中常省略某些成分。
They used more water than （it was） necessary.
他们使用的水超出了需要量。
He runs as fast as Bob （runs）.
他和鲍勃跑得一样快。
名师点津
省略句中的谓语动词和主语之间构成主动关系，则使用动词-ing形式；若构成被动关系，则使用过去分词；若谓语动词表示的动作尚未发生，则使用动词不定式。
【即时演练3】 （1）用所给词的适当形式填空
①When walking （walk） down the street， I came across David， whom I hadn’t seen for years.
②These books will be put to good use if donated （donate） to the local library.
（2）把下列句子改为省略句
③If it is so， you must have put stamps on the letters before you sent them.
→ If so ， you must have put stamps on the letters before you sent them.
④The winter in Hangzhou is not so mild as it is in Guangzhou.
→The winter in Hangzhou is not so mild as in Guangzhou .
2.定语从句的省略
（1）在限制性定语从句中作宾语的关系代词that， which， whom可省略。
The computer （which/that） I wanted to buy was sold out.
我想买的那种电脑卖光了。
（2）在定语从句中way作先行词，且在句中充当方式状语时，可省略引导定语从句的关系代词。
I don’t like the way （that） he speaks to me.
我不喜欢他对我说话的方式。
（3）在以the same ...as ...或such ...as ...引导的某些定语从句中，也可省略与主句相同的部分。
I have the same trouble as you （have）.
我和你有同样的困难。
3.宾语从句的省略
（1）及物动词后接宾语从句时，连接词that一般可以省略；但如果及物动词后接两个或两个以上that引导的宾语从句时，那么只有第一个that可以省略。
I do believe （that） I am very qualified for this voluntary work， because I have a good command of spoken English.
我的确相信我适合这个志愿者工作，因为我精通英语口语。
He said （that） the text was very important and that we should learn it by heart.
他说这篇课文很重要，我们应该牢记在心。
（2）when， where， how和why引导的宾语从句有时可以仅保留引导词。
She will come back， but he doesn’t know when （she will come back）.
她会回来的，可是他不知道她什么时候会回来。
【即时演练4】 写出下列句中可以省略的部分
①Among the dangers which sailors have to face， probably the greatest of all is fog. which
②Jerry did not regret giving the comment but felt that he could have expressed it differently. that
③She didn’t go to school yesterday.I don’t know why she didn’t go to school yesterday. why后的she didn’t go to school yesterday
四、其他省略情况
1.动词不定式的省略
（1）当动词不定式在形容词afraid， anxious， eager， glad， happy， ready， willing等后作状语时，to后的内容常省略。
You can’t force him to answer the question if he’s not ready to （answer the question）.
如果他不愿意回答这个问题，你不能强迫他。
（2）某些使役动词（如make， let， have等）和感官动词（如see， watch， notice， observe， hear等）后面作宾语补足语的动词不定式须省略to，但若这些动词用于被动语态，则to不可省略。
We often hear her sing an English song in the classroom.
→She is often heard to sing an English song in the classroom.（被动语态）
我们经常听见她在教室唱英文歌。
（3）并列的动词不定式可以省略后面的动词不定式符号to。但若两个动词不定式之间表示对比关系时，不能省略to。
He told me to stay there and （to） wait for him.
他叫我待在那儿等他。
He believes it important to study rather than to make friends.（比较）
他认为最重要的是学习而不是交朋友。
（4）当动词不定式在某些动词后作宾语时，常可省略。常见的动词有agree， afford， expect， forget， hope， know， manage， pretend， remember， refuse， want， wish， would like等。
I would do it for you， but I don’t know how to （do it for you）.
我愿意为你做这件事，但是我不知道怎么去做。
（5）介词but， except （除了） 前有实义动词do的某种形式时，后面的动词不定式不带to。
All he could do was nothing but wait and see.
他所能做的只有等等看。
（6）当动词不定式在be going to， be able to， have to， ought to， used to后作复合谓语时，动词不定式可省略。
They didn’t visit their parents as much as they ought to （visit their parents）.
他们应该多看望父母，但他们没有。
名师点津
（1）省略的动词不定式内容若含有作助动词用的have或be的任何形式时，to后要保留原形的have或be。
（2）类似这样用法的还有动词短语ought to， be going to， be about to， be supposed to， have to， used to及形容词glad， happy， pleased， delighted等。
He didn’t come， but he ought to have （come）.
他没来，但他本应该来。
—Are you a farmer？
—No， but I used to be （a farmer）.
——你是个农民吗？
——不是，但我过去是。
【即时演练5】 填空
①My mother wouldn’t let me to go to see the film.
②We can do nothing but to give up.
③He was noticed to leave the office.
④The city now is much noisier than it used to be.
以上句子中，加蓝部分能省略的是 ①② ，不能省略的是 ③④ 。
2.使用so， not等时的省略
在英语中，可以用so， not或其他方式来省略上文或问句中的一部分或整个句子。
—Can you finish your work today？
——你今天能完成工作吗？
—I think so.
——我认为能。
—I don’t think so./I think not.
——我认为不能。
名师点津
hope， guess， be afraid的否定形式只能用not的形式，不能用not ...so的形式。
【即时演练6】 补全句子
①—Is he feeling better today？
— I’m afraid not （恐怕没有好转）.
②—Tom was injured， or he would have won the race.
— I think so （我认为如此）.
3.介词的省略
（1）一些与动词、名词或形容词搭配的介词常常可以省略，而保留介词后的动词-ing形式。常见的结构有：
①have difficulty/trouble （in） doing sth
②be busy （in） doing sth
③spend some time （in） doing sth
④stop/prevent sb （from） doing sth
The heavy rain prevented him （from） arriving there on time.
大雨使他没能按时到达那里。
（2）表示时间的介词at， on和in在next， last， this， these， yesterday， tomorrow， one， any， every， each， some等词之前时，一般省略。
We go to school （on） every day except Sundays.
除星期天外，我们每天都上学。
【即时演练7】 补全下列句中省略的介词
①It was quite light and at any moment now the sun would rise.
②There were plenty of empty seats on that night.
③I have some trouble in learning English.
reliable adj.可信赖的，可靠的
【教材原句】 So， for accurate and reliable predictions， it’s best to check an official， scientific report.
所以，为了准确可靠的预测，最好核实官方的科学报告。
【用法】
rely vi. 依靠；依赖；信任；信赖 rely on/upon 依靠；依赖 rely on ...to do/doing ... 依赖……做…… rely on sb/sth for ... 依赖某人/某物…… rely on it that ... 指望……；相信……
【佳句】 Bernard made up his mind to follow their examples to be a reliable person whom others can rely on.
伯纳德决定以他们为榜样，成为一个别人可以依赖的可靠的人。
【点津】 rely on的同义短语
①depend on/upon ②count on/upon
【练透】 单句语法填空
①Don’t rely on cheating （cheat） in the exam， for you will never get away with it.
②I respect my uncle most because I can rely on him to offer/offering （offer） me some practical suggestions when I am in trouble.
③She left a reliable （rely） impression on the audience. No wonder she won the election.
【写美】 补全句子
④You can rely on it that my introduction can deepen the visitors’ understanding of traditional Chinese culture.
你可以相信我的介绍会加深参观者对中国传统文化的了解。（申请信）
rescue n.& vt.营救，解救，救援
【教材原句】 CHINA’S RESCUE EFFORTS IN NEPAL 中国在尼泊尔的救援工作
【用法】
（1）rescue ...from ... 从……中营救…… （2）come/go to one’s rescue 来/去营救某人 rescue workers 救援人员 a rescue attempt 一次营救行动 rescue operation 救援行动 a rescue plan 一个救援计划
【佳句】 Whenever I am in danger， I can rely on my elder brother to come to my rescue.
每当我遇到危险时，我都能依靠我哥哥来救我。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①When we were in trouble， a stranger came to our rescue with a generous donation.
②The doctors were operating on the man rescued from the traffic accident.
【写美】 翻译句子
③一些救援人员和医生被困在了废墟下面，处于危机中。
Some of the rescue workers and doctors were trapped under the ruins and were in crisis.
claim v.（战争、事故等）夺去（生命）；声称；宣称；索要；认领；获得 n.主张，声称；索赔
【教材原句】 Caused by exceptionally heavy snowfall within a short period of time， they destroyed buildings and forests， and claimed over 256 lives.
由于短时间内异常严重的降雪，它们摧毁了建筑物和森林，夺去了256条生命。
【用法】
（1）claim one’s life 夺去某人的生命 claim to do sth 声称做某事 claim to have done sth 声称做过某事 claim that ... 声称…… It is claimed that ... 据称…… （2）make a claim （for） （为……）索赔
【佳句】 He claimed that he could finish the work without any help.
他声称不需要任何帮助就可以完成这项工作。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①Don’t be taken in by ads claiming to help （help） you lose weight in a week.
②Tom claimed to have seen （see） an alien，but no one believed him.
【写美】 补全句子
③ It is claimed that humour not only affects patients’ moods， but also helps them recover faster.
据说幽默不仅影响病人的情绪，而且还有助于病人快速康复。
threaten v.威胁到，危及
【教材原句】 It led to a severe food crisis and threatened the livelihoods of more than 9.5 million people.
它导致了严重的粮食危机，并威胁到950多万人的生计。
【用法】
（1）threaten to do sth 威胁要做某事 threaten sb with sth 用某物/事威胁某人 （2）threat n. 威胁 a threat to ... 对……的威胁 under threat 受到威胁 （3）threatening adj. 威胁性的 threatening behaviour 威胁行为
【佳句】 Traffic issues not only affect our everyday lives， but also threaten people’s lives.
交通问题不仅影响我们的日常生活，而且还危及人们的生命。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①The man has been receiving threatening （threaten） phone calls since the early morning.
②These ancient woodlands are under threat from new road development.
【写美】 补全句子
③Our neighbour threatened to call the police if we didn’t stop the noise.
如果我们不停止喧闹，我们的邻居威胁要报警。
维度一：基础题型练
品句填词
1.The government has declared a state of emergency （紧急情况） following the tsunami.
2.More rain is forecast/forecasted （预报） for the area over the next 24 hours.
3.Nobody knows precisely （精确地） how many people survived the air crash.
4.In times of crisis （危机）， it is crucial for emergency services to respond promptly and efficiently to ensure the safety of the community.
5.This is a big chance， and you should grab （抓住） it with both hands； maybe it can change your life.
6.Tom is an honest and reliable student.Therefore， we recommend him as our monitor.
7.The poor man was tricked into sending money to an unknown man， who claimed to be a bank clerk.
8.When the post office was threatened with being closed in the 1980s， a villager， Pat， came up with a plan to save it.
维度二：语法与写作
句型转换（用省略句改写下列句子）
1.She stood at the gate as if she was waiting for someone.
→She stood at the gate as if waiting for someone .
2.If it is necessary， our school will provide the students with the language training courses.
→ If necessary ， our school will provide the students with the language training courses.
3.If I were you， I would apply for the project.
→ Were I you ， I would apply for the project.
4.His suggestion made John happy， but his suggestion made Mary angry.
→His suggestion made John happy， but Mary angry .
5.When I was asked how to get to the train station， I told him right away.
→ When asked how to get to the train station ， I told him right away.
6.You can ask my brother for help if it is so.
→You can ask my brother for help if so .
7.We don’t go to the cinema as much as we used to go to the cinema.
→We don’t go to the cinema as much as we used to .
8.While I was walking along the street， I heard my name called.
→ While walking along the street ， I heard my name called.
9.Although you are engaged in your study， you should set aside some time to get involved in some outdoor activities such as hiking and skiing.
→ Although engaged in your study ， you should set aside some time to get involved in some outdoor activities such as hiking and skiing.
10.The boy used to play with the knife though his father told him not to play with the knife.
→The boy used to play with the knife though his father told him not to .
维度三：语法与语篇
根据括号内的汉语提示，用省略结构完成下面语段。
After breakfast， Mom was doing housework in the kitchen.She talked to Tom 1. while washing bowls （洗碗时） and plates.She said to Tom，“2. Look out for cars when crossing the street （过马路时当心车辆）， my dear.” Tom usually said to his mom， “3. See you （再见）， Mom.” However， this time， she heard nothing.Tom hurriedly left home 4. as if anxious （好像很着急）.She considered Tom rude this time， but she 5. didn’t know why （不知道为什么）.She thought she would 6. make Tom realise （让汤姆意识到） his wrong doings when he came back from school.
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
The worst outbreak of desert locusts （蝗虫） in Kenya in 70 years has seen hundreds of millions of the bugs swarm into the East African nation from Somalia and Ethiopia.Those two countries have not had an infestation （侵扰） like this in a quarter-century， destroying farmland and threatening the region with serious hunger.
“Even cows are wondering what is happening，” said Ndunda Makanga， who spent hours Friday trying to chase the locusts from his farm.“Corn， sorghum， cowpeas， they have eaten everything.”
“Even a small swarm of the insects can consume enough food for 35，000 people in a single day，” said Jens Laerke of the UN humanitarian office in Geneva.
About 70，000 hectares — 172，973 acres — of land in Kenya are attacked.A single swarm can contain up to 150 million locusts per square kilometer of farmland — an area the size of almost 250 football fields， authorities say.
“We must act immediately，” said David Phiri of the UN Food and Agricultural Organization.
About $70 million is needed to step up aerial pesticide （杀虫剂） spraying， the only effective way to fight them， the UN says.That won’t be easy， especially in Somalia.
Astonished by the finger-length insects， children dash here and there， waving blankets to shake the locusts free.Farmers are afraid to let their cattle out for grazing， and their crops are in danger， but there is little they can do.
One especially large swarm in northeastern Kenya measured 60 kilometers long by 40 kilometers wide （37 miles long by 25 miles wide）.
“The locals are really scared because they can consume everything，” said Francis Kitoo， deputy director of agriculture in southeastern Kenya’s Kitui county.“I’ve never seen such a big number.” He expressed his own concern about the locusts.“They will lay eggs and start another generation，” he said.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了肯尼亚遭受的一场规模空前的蝗灾袭击。
1.What did Ndunda Makanga want to express about the outbreak of locusts？（ ）
A.It’s very serious.
B.It’s very surprising.
C.It happens frequently.
D.It leads to heavy losses.
解析：A 推理判断题。根据第二段内容可知，Ndunda Makanga提到“甚至牛也不知所措”以及“蝗虫的无所不食”，充分说明了这次蝗灾的严重性。
2.How does the author describe the outbreak of locusts？（ ）
A.By telling some stories.
B.By providing some facts.
C.By listing some numbers.
D.By giving some examples.
解析：C 细节理解题。根据第三至八段内容可知，作者主要通过列数字的方式来说明这次蝗灾的严重程度。
3.How did the farmers react to the big number of locusts？（ ）
A.They were very brave.
B.They let their cattle out.
C.They sprayed pesticide.
D.They were helpless indeed.
解析：D 细节理解题。根据倒数第三段内容可知，面对铺天盖地的蝗虫，农民们束手无策。
4.What’s Francis Kitoo’s attitude towards the future？（ ）
A.Worried. B.Confused.
C.Confident. D.Disappointed.
解析：A 观点态度题。根据最后一段内容可知，Francis Kitoo说他从没看到过如此多的蝗虫，并表示最大的担心是这些蝗虫将繁殖出下一代蝗虫。
B
Rivers are very important.Humans rely on them for food and water.But rivers can destroy things， too.They can flood， or rise over their banks， making the water run into the nearby land.Floods can also kill humans and wildlife.However， floods are not always bad.Some ecosystems need them every once in a while.
Flooding can not only drown animals but also destroy habitats.For example， a flood in India in 2012 killed many one-horned rhinos.Floodwaters can pick up dirt from riverbanks， which makes the water dirty.Too much dirt will clog rivers and streams， preventing the river from flowing.Sometimes floodwaters can carry pollution to the sea and harm marine life.In addition， floodwaters can carry disease， including hepatitis A and cholera.
However， not everything about floods is bad.Sometimes they bring new life to ecosystems.Floodwaters carry nutrients to the nearby land.Over time， the water dries up and leaves behind particles （微粒） of dirt and mud.The particles are called sediment （沉淀物） which can be good due to its ability to improve the dirt and help plants grow.Floods are important to some animals as well.For instance， some animals see floods as a sign that it is time to mate or migrate.Floods leave sediment on river beds where baby fish can grow and carry nutrients for small animals in the water to eat.Moreover， in dry seasons， water might dry up， but floods help refill the wetlands， keeping the ecosystem going.
Floods are a part of nature.They can destroy living things and the environment.But some ecosystems need floods to survive.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。洪水作为大自然的一部分，对生态系统既有坏处也有好处。
5.What’s the possible meaning of the underlined word “clog” in Paragraph 2？（ ）
A.Become. B.Pollute.
C.Block. D.Develop.
解析：C 词义猜测题。根据第二段中Floodwaters can pick up dirt from riverbanks， which makes the water dirty.以及画线词后的preventing the river from flowing可知，洪水会沿途吸收泥土，而太多的泥土会堵塞河道，使河水无法流淌。由此可推测，画线词clog意为“堵塞”，与block意思相近。
6.How do floods help ecosystems？（ ）
A.Nutrients carried by floods can make soil richer.
B.Floods make all the animals migrate more easily.
C.Tiny fish going with floods feed some animals.
D.Floods can improve the dirt and help plants grow.
解析：A 细节理解题。根据第三段第三至五句可知，洪水沿途所携带的营养物质可以使土壤更丰富，从而更好地改善生态系统。
7.What’s the main idea of Paragraph 3？（ ）
A.The way in which floods feed animals.
B.The benefits of floods to ecosystems.
C.An effective means of improving soil.
D.The reason for people’s appreciating floods.
解析：B 段落大意题。根据第三段主旨句However， not everything about floods is bad.Sometimes they bring new life to ecosystems.可知，第三段主要讲的是洪水对生态系统的好处。
8.What’s the best title for this article？（ ）
A.Many Effects of Flooding
B.The Secret of Flooding
C.Floods： Everything Is So Bad
D.Floods： A Part of Nature
解析：D 标题归纳题。文章前两段主要讲洪水对生态系统不利的方面，第三段主要讲洪水对生态系统的益处，最后一段总结全文，点明主题——洪水是大自然的一部分。因此，D项（洪水：大自然的一部分）为文章最佳标题。
C
Brushing my teeth， I heard what sounded like branches scraping （刮擦） the roof.I paused， wondering what it could be.Then I thought that must have been Hurricane Isabel， which was blowing her way through our city in September 2003.
Then I heard the sound of breaking glass.A second later， the entire house shook.My husband and I stared at each other in frozen horror before rushing to check on our baby daughter asleep in her bed.The sound had scared her awake — never had a cry sounded so sweet — and my husband gratefully snatched （抱起） her up and ran to the relative safety of our room.
Then we ventured out.My husband started the car while I hurried across the street to let a neighbour know we were okay and heading to a friend’s home.Shaking but grateful to be alive， we drove away.
The next morning， bright sunlight clearly displayed the storm’s destruction.We returned home to see that a giant tree in the center of our yard had effectively split our house in two！
As we stood on the sidewalk wondering what to do， a local fire truck pulled up.The firefighters informed us that our home had received the worst damage in the city.When we meet neighbours for the first time， their eyes pop when they realise we live in the house the tree fell through.
In the days and weeks that followed， we remembered the feeling of relief when we realised that everyone in our lives who mattered was unscathed — me， my husband， our daughter and even our two pets.
Yes， we lost many things.But those things were replaceable and the damage was temporary.
Every so often we pull out the photos of the tree’s destruction and feel surprised at how blessed we were — and still are.Whenever we begin to feel ungrateful or unsatisfied with what we have， those photos and memories offer a reminder of how we came through that trial.
语篇解读：本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。一次空前的飓风突然袭来，作者一家死里逃生。大难不死的作者深深地为自己的幸运而感恩。
9.How did the author feel when she heard the baby crying？（ ）
A.Sad. B.Curious.
C.Surprised. D.Delighted.
解析：D 推理判断题。根据第二段内容可知，作者听到孩子的哭声后认为那是最甜美的声音——因为自己的女儿还活着。由此判断，她当时感到庆幸和高兴。
10.What made the author and her husband survive the terrible accident？（ ）
A.Their leaving home quickly. B.Their calling the firefighters.
C.Their receiving help from neighbours. D.Their fighting with hurricane bravely.
解析：A 推理判断题。根据第二至四段内容可知，作者一家之所以能够死里逃生，主要是因为他们当时做出的明智决定——快速离家去投奔朋友。
11.What does the underlined word “unscathed” in Paragraph 6 mean？（ ）
A.Not injured. B.Not affected.
C.Not included. D.Not disturbed.
解析：A 词义猜测题。根据上下文可知，飓风结束了，作者一家“平安无事”。
12.What’s the author’s purpose of writing the text？（ ）
A.To describe a terrible natural disaster.
B.To thank her neighbours and firefighters.
C.To show the importance of being thankful.
D.To tell us what to do in the face of a hurricane.
解析：C 写作意图题。根据最后一段内容可知，作者通过分享他们一家人死里逃生的经历，主要表达了一种感恩的心情。
Ⅱ.完形填空
One day on my way home I was caught in a storm.I took 13 from rain in a small shoe repair shop by the roadside.The cobbler （修鞋匠） and his son were 14 their work， and after saying， “Good day，” we began to chat.
As our 15 went on， the skilled man sent his son out to 16 something that he needed for his work.The boy had only been gone five minutes， but it was too long for the 17 old cobbler to be idle （闲散的）.He became 18 ， moved about the room， and at last took up a scrap of leather （碎皮革） and fell to 19 it， saying， “You know， sir， it will never do to be idle.”
As soon as the rain was over， I was on my way home， 20 what I had heard — “It will never do to be idle.” Some people are idle only now and then， and some are 21 idle.I was one of the latter.So the old man’s 22 came home to me.I began to feel how 23 it was to waste so much of my life on idleness.
I made up my mind to follow the cobbler’s 24 for the rest of my life.Oh， it was very 25 at first！ But I kept to my 26 .Slowly I made good habits at work， and found the 27 of the cobbler’s words， “It will never do to be idle.”
语篇解读：本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。老鞋匠的一句“无所事事是万万不行的”让作者深有感触，并以此自勉。
13.A.cover B.time
C.courage D.pleasure
解析：A 根据本空前的I was caught in a storm和本空后的in a small shoe repair shop by the roadside可知，作者回家路遇暴雨，到路边的一家修鞋店避雨。take cover from rain “避雨”。
14.A.worried about B.aware of
C.busy at D.new to
解析：C 根据第二段中的He became 18 ， moved about the room和saying， “You know， sir， it will never do to be idle.”可知，老鞋匠没活干时在店里来回走，一闲下来就受不了。由此推断，作者刚进店时老鞋匠和他的儿子都很忙。
15.A.business B.story
C.report D.conversation
解析：D 根据第一段中的we began to chat可知，作者与老鞋匠继续攀谈。
16.A.improve B.get
C.fix D.learn
解析：B 根据下文中的He became 18 ， moved about the room可知，老鞋匠手头没活干，这说明他派儿子去取他干活要用的东西。
17.A.fair B.lucky
C.active D.familiar
解析：C 根据下文中的moved about the room， and at last took up a scrap of leather （碎皮革）和saying， “You know， sir， it will never do to be idle.”可知，儿子才走了五分钟，这位老鞋匠就坐不住了，这说明他是一个闲不住的人。
18.A.uneasy B.lonely
C.impolite D.tired
解析：A 根据下文中的moved about the room ... saying， “You know， sir， it will never do to be idle.”可知，老鞋匠在等待儿子回来的过程中一直不想闲着，他变得很不安，在店里来回走，直到最后拿起来一块碎皮革又开始工作。
19.A.charging for B.laughing at
C.referring to D.working on
解析：D 参见上题解析。fall to doing sth开始做某事。
20.A.looking into B.thinking over
C.taking down D.speaking of
解析：B 根据下文中的Some people are idle ... waste so much of my life on idleness.可知，本段内容是雨停后作者在回家路上的思考。think over “仔细考虑，慎重思考”。
21.A.also B.just
C.always D.once
解析：C 根据本段中的Some people are idle only now and then和I was one of the latter.和to waste so much of my life on idleness可知，作者想到，有的人只是偶尔闲散，而他自己属于总是闲散的人之一，他因为闲散浪费了很多时间，老鞋匠的话让他开始感到自己把这么多时间浪费在无所事事上是错误的。
22.A.words B.jokes
C.dreams D.abilities
解析：A 参见上题解析。come home to sb使人（痛苦地）完全明白。
23.A.risky B.common
C.addicted D.wrong
解析：D 参见第21题解析。
24.A.example B.goal
C.method D.advice
解析：A 根据上文可知，老鞋匠的话让作者深有感触，他下定决心要终生以老鞋匠为榜样。
25.A.funny B.silly
C.hard D.serious
解析：C 根据本段中的at first和But I kept to my ... 可知，刚开始时并不容易，但是作者坚持自己的目标。
26.A.interest B.purpose C.style D.role
解析：B 参见上题解析。
27.A.topic B.symbol
C.rest D.truth
解析：D 根据空前的Slowly I made good habits at work可知，慢慢地，作者在工作中养成了好习惯，悟到了老鞋匠的话的真谛。
Ⅲ.语法填空
Formed in 2002， the China International Search and Rescue Team （CISAR） brings help and hope to those 28. lives are changed by natural disasters.
The team carried out 29. （it） first international rescue mission in 2003.It was the first time that a Chinese team had worked outside China， and the team won high praise for their 30. （brave） and skill.The list of people 31. whom help has been given ever since is long.The team 32. （treat） more than 3，000 people who were injured in the 2006 earthquake in Indonesia， and spent several months 33. （give） aid to over 25，000 victims of the 2010 floods in Pakistan.
Rescue workers are trained to find people， treat injuries， and hand out food， water， and other supplies.There is 34. （usual） no electricity or water after a disaster and diseases and accidents may appear.35. （save） lives， rescue workers have to work day and night， and sadly they must also bury 36. dead， which means they have to be strong in both body and mind.And they’ll have to take 37. （effect） measures in action.The members of the CISAR are always ready to go wherever help is needed.
语篇解读：本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲述了中国国际搜救队自成立以来取得的搜救成绩和工作性质。
28.whose 考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，设空处在从句中作名词lives的定语，故填whose。
29.its 考查代词。空后first international rescue mission为名词短语，故应用形容词性物主代词作定语。故填its。
30.bravery 考查词形转换。设空处与空后名词skill为并列关系，应填名词。故填bravery。
31.to 考查介词。31. whom help has been given ever since为定语从句，从句为give sth to sb被动结构，故填to。
32.treated 考查动词的时态。分析句子结构可知，所填动词作句子的谓语，结合时间状语in the 2006 earthquake可知，应用一般过去时。故填treated。
33.giving 考查非谓语动词。 spend time （in） doing为固定短语，其中in可省略，故填giving。
34.usually 考查词形转换。分析句子结构可知，空处作状语表示频率，应用副词。故填usually。
35.To save 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，空处作目的状语，应用动词不定式。设空处位于句首，注意首字母大写。故填To save。
36.the 考查冠词。36. dead应是动词bury的宾语，形容词之前加定冠词the可表一类人，相当于名词。故填the。
37.effective 考查词形转换。分析句子结构可知，修饰名词应用形容词作定语。故填effective。
15 / 15单元素养提升
◇本单元语法学了什么内容？ ◇自我评价
◇本单元写作练了哪个方面？
回顾单元知识·提高语言能力
一、核心单词
1. disaster n. 灾难，灾祸
2. plus adj. （用于数字后面表示）多，余
3. forecast v. 预测，预报
4. grab v. 攫取，抓住
5. rescue v. 营救，解救
6. claim v. （战争、事故等）夺去（生命）
7. crisis n. 危机
8. satellite n. 人造卫星
9. otherwise adv. 否则，要不然
10. property n. 所有物，资产，财产
11. shelter n. 庇护，掩蔽
Ⅰ.选用上面单词并用其适当形式填空
1.We suggest that they provide an effective warning system to prevent many of the disasters from happening.
2.Several hours later， the little boy was rescued with the aid of the police.
3.In the past two years， this infectious disease has claimed lives of millions of people all over the world.
4.While walking dogs， people should not let them get loose. Otherwise ， they may be dangerous to others.
5.In the storm， taking shelter under the tree is not a wise choice， because you might be struck by the lightning.
二、拓展单词
1. erupt v.（火山） 爆发，喷发→eruption n.（火山）爆发，喷发
2. immediately adv.即刻，马上→immediate adj.立即的，直接的
3. announcement n.通告，公告→announce v.通告，公告；宣布
4. emergency n.紧急情况，不测事件→emergent adj.紧急的
5. precisely adv.精确地，准确地→precise adj.精确的，准确的
6. threat n.威胁，可能会带来危险的人（事）→threaten v.威胁到，危及→threatening adj.威胁的；恐吓的
7. sufficient adj.足够的，充足的→sufficiency n.足量，充足
Ⅱ.用所给单词的适当形式填空
1.Pliny was a Roman writer who had witnessed a terrible volcanic eruption （erupt） as a young man.
2.Wild applause broke out when the waiting crowd heard the announcement （announce） of the arrival of the leader at their community.
3.During the summer camp， we can learn to deal with emergencies （emergent）， as well as develop a sense of responsibility.
4.After reading the article， I immediately （immediate） made a comment on the author’s blog， expressing my love for his work.
5.The project was finally abandoned for lack of sufficiency （sufficient） of funds.
三、重点短语
1. pick up 捡起，拿起
2. turn into 变成
3. make it 及时赶到
4. look through 浏览，翻阅
5. after all 终究；毕竟
6. up and down 上上下下；前前后后；来来回回
7. result in/lead to 导致
8. fly off 飞走
9. all of a sudden 突然
10. keep on （doing sth） 继续（做某事）
11. have yet to 还没有
Ⅲ.选用上面短语并用其适当形式填空
1. All of a sudden ， the lights went out.The room was in total darkness.
2.I looked through all my papers but I still couldn’t find the contract I needed.
3.You really shouldn’t have reacted to his comment on your work so violently. After all ， he meant no harm to you.
4.His voice was so familiar to me that I recognised him the moment I picked up the phone.
5.He looked up and down the corridor， as if looking for something.
6.Difficult as the problem was， they kept on seeking for possible solutions.
四、经典句式
1.It＋be＋形容词＋that从句
It’s just typical that my journey is on one of the oldest lines （我通常上班所走的路线刚好是地铁里最老的一条线）， as well as one of the deepest.
2.now that引导原因状语从句
Now that it’s hard to avoid a disaster on Earth （既然在地球上难逃一劫）， perhaps I should start thinking about moving to space ...
3.be doing ...when ...正在做……这时（突然）……
I was sitting in my room （我正坐在自己房间里） with my cat， Smartie， on my lap， when （这时） the roof just flew off.
4.the moment 引导时间状语从句
He had disappeared the moment the storm hit （风暴袭来的那一刻）.
5.whatever 引导让步状语从句
But Mom said that whatever happens （不管发生什么）， we should always try to see the good side of things.
6.动词不定式作后置定语
Now we have another chance to look up at the stars of New Orleans （仰望新奥尔良的星空）， their beauty inspiring us and giving us confidence to move on.
Ⅳ.补全句子
1. It is natural that life is not always easy.
人生不可能总是一帆风顺，这是很自然的。
2. Now that you badly want to lose weight ， you can spare half an hour to work out every day.
既然你那么想减肥，那就每天抽出半个小时去锻炼吧。
3.I was reviewing my history notes when I realized I had forgotten an important event.
我正在复习历史笔记，突然意识到我忘记了一个重要事件。
4.Mary rushed home the moment she heard the news .
玛丽一听到这个消息就冲回家。
5. Whatever you meet with in the future ， I will spare no effort to help you.
无论你在未来遇到什么，我都会不遗余力地帮助你。
6.She thought that skipping meals would be a simple way to reach her target weight .
她认为不吃饭是达到她的目标体重的一个简单方法。
整合话题元素·增强思维品质
1.Unity is strength.
团结就是力量。
2.Misfortune tells us what fortune is.
不经灾祸不知福。
3.A misfortune is better than the fear of it.
对灾难的恐惧比灾难本身更可怕。
4.Many lives can be saved if first aid is given immediately.
如果立即进行急救，很多生命都能挽回。
5.Natural disasters are the punishment for humans’ destruction of nature.
自然灾害就是对人类破坏自然的惩罚。
6.If there is no disaster， then fear is futile； if the disaster has already occurred， fear will only increase pain.
如果灾难没有发生，恐惧是徒劳的；如果灾难已经发生，恐惧只会增加痛苦。
7.A wise people can learn much more from disasters and mistakes than they usually do.
一个智慧的民族从灾难和错误中学到的东西会比平时多得多。
8.With the help of the people all over China， people in disaster areas overcame many difficulties and rebuilt their homes.
在全中国人民的帮助下，灾区的人们克服了许许多多的困难，重建了家园。
4 / 4Section Ⅳ Writing safety guidelines
Step 1 品教材课文
Hurricane Safety Guidelines
Many people have no idea what to do when a disaster strikes.Being prepared is the best way to increase your chances of survival.Read these tips on hurricane safety so that you and your family can survive this common threat to coastal cities.
Things to do before a hurricane
·Protect your property： close windows and tape them up， and bring indoors anything that could blow away.
·Make sure you have sufficient food， water， medicine and batteries for electrical appliances.
·If you cannot get home in time， find other shelter as soon as you can.
Things to do during a hurricane
·Stay in the shelter.
·Stay away from windows.
·Listen to weather warnings.
Things not to do during a hurricane
·Do not go outside.
·Do not go near any glass structures.
·Do not assume the storm has passed even if the wind stops.Dangerous winds may return.
Step 2 析写作手法
学语言：
1.使用“疑问词＋动词不定式”结构，使表达简洁、明快。
2.使用so that引导目的状语从句，自然而然地引出此安全指南的目的。
3.全文基本上全部使用祈使句，表示劝告和警告，非常符合安全指南的语言特点。
4.使用条件状语从句对行为进行了适当、合理的假设，然后主句给出了合理的建议，表达非常诚恳。
学结构：
1.The purpose of the hurricane safety guidelines.
2.Things to do before a hurricane.
3.Things to do during a hurricane.
4.Things not to do during a hurricane.
Step 3 背出彩佳句
1.Organise personnel protection.
组织人员防护。
2.Move to a safe place.
转移到安全地带。
3.Avoid walking on banks and bridges.
避免在岸边和桥上行走。
4.Watch yourself when walking in water.
在积水中行走要小心观察。
5.Get off the high hill.从高山上下来。
6.Don’t climb the trees when there is lightning.
闪电时不要爬树。
7.Cover your mouth and nose with wet clothes or towels.
用湿布或毛巾捂住口鼻。
8.Hold your head quickly.迅速抱住头部。
9.Send the poisoned or burned person to hospital for treatment.
将中毒或烧伤人员送往医院救治。
10.When opening a room door， touch the door with the back of your hand first to see whether it is hot.
开房间门时，先用手背接触房门，看是否发热。
11.When you can’t escape， don’t hide in the attic or closet.当你无路可逃时，不要藏在顶楼或者壁橱里。
12.Learn more self-rescue common sense in advance.
提前学习更多的自救常识。
假定你是某国际中学的学生李华，最近你们学校正在开展“提高灾害预防能力，构建生命安全线”的安全教育活动。请你用英语写一份关于在火灾中逃生的安全指南，内容包括：
1.火灾的危害；
2.逃生方法。
注意：1.写作词数应为80左右；
2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
一、审题谋篇，结构分明
明确体裁 说明文——安全指南
确定时态、人称 一般现在时；第一、二人称
布局文章结构 第一段：火灾的危害； 第二段：逃生方法； 第三段：总结
二、要点陈述，语言规范
1.每年，成百上千的人在火灾中丧生，所以非常有必要知道一些从火灾中幸存的建议。
Every year， hundreds of people lose their lives in fires， so it’s very necessary to know some tips to survive a fire.
2.下面的建议可能对你有帮助。
The following tips may be helpful to you.
3.你应该保持冷静。
You should keep calm.
4.你能在危险的情况下作出明智的决定。
You can make wise decisions in dangerous situations.
5.用湿毛巾或湿布捂住口鼻，否则你可能会呼吸困难。
Cover your mouth and nose with a wet towel or a piece of wet cloth， otherwise you may have difficulty breathing.
6.当你离开现场时，你应该下蹲你的身体，沿着墙壁向出口移动。
While you are getting away from the scene， you should lower your body and move along walls towards exits.
7.跑下楼，不要乘电梯。
Run downstairs instead of taking a lift.
8.当你找不到任何出路时，去厕所，把它的门、窗户和所有易燃物都弄湿。
When you can’t find any way out， go to the toilet and wet its door， windows and all burnable objects that can burn easily.
9.同时，尽力与外面的人取得联系，寻求帮助。
And at the same time， try to get in touch with people outside to ask for help.
10.虽然火灾是可怕的，只要我们保持冷静并采取有效行动，我们就能大大提高幸存的可能性。
Although fires are terrible， we can greatly increase our chances of survival as long as we stay calm and take effective action.
三、句间衔接，过渡自然
1.用so that连接要点3和要点4。
You should keep calm so that you can make wise decisions in dangerous situations.
2.用省略句改写要点6。
While getting away from the scene， you should lower your body and move along walls towards exits.
四、检查誊写，卷面整洁
Every year， hundreds of people lose their lives in fires， so it’s very necessary to know some tips to survive a fire.The following tips may be helpful to you.
Firstly， you should keep calm so that you can make wise decisions in dangerous situations.Secondly， cover your mouth and nose with a wet towel or a piece of wet cloth， otherwise you may have difficulty breathing.Thirdly， while getting away from the scene， you should lower your body and move along walls towards exits.Run downstairs instead of taking a lift.Last but not least， when you can’t find any way out， go to the toilet and wet its door， windows and all burnable objects that can burn easily.And at the same time， try to get in touch with people outside to ask for help.
Although fires are terrible， we can greatly increase our chances of survival as long as we stay calm and take effective action.
动作描写 immediately adv.即刻，马上 forecast v.预测，预报 grab v.攫取，抓住 rescue v.营救，解救 threaten v.威胁到，危及
人物描写 reliable adj.可信赖的，可靠的
心理描写 otherwise adv.否则，要不然
一、翻译句子
1.Ada心情很沉重，Ada知道她必须即刻营救Roy。
With a heavy heart，Ada knew she had to rescue Roy immediately.
2.她把衬衫包在Roy的腿上，并用一根长棍把他的腿伸直。
She wrapped the shirt around Roy’s leg and straightened his leg with a long stick.
3.Roy痛得大叫，一把抓住了Ada的手臂。
Roy cried out in pain and grabbed Ada’s arm.
4.“我知道很痛，”Ada轻声说。“但这会让腿稳定住，直到你被直升机救出。”
“I know it hurts，”Ada said softly.“But this will hold it still until you are rescued by the helicopter.”
5.当他们安全到达医院时，Roy说：“幸亏你在紧急情况下保持了冷静。否则我会受到更严重的伤。你是多么值得信赖的朋友啊！”
When they arrived at the hospital safely，Roy said，“Luckily， you kept calm in an emergency.Otherwise， I would have suffered a more serious injury.How reliable a friend you are！”
二、连句成篇
With a heavy heart， Ada knew she had to rescue Roy immediately.She wrapped the shirt around Roy’s leg and straightened his leg with a long stick.Roy cried out in pain and grabbed Ada’s arm.“I know it hurts，”Ada said softly.“But this will hold it still until you are rescued by the helicopter.” When they arrived at the hospital safely， Roy said，“Luckily， you kept calm in an emergency.Otherwise， I would have suffered a more serious injury.How reliable a friend you are！”
Ⅰ.阅读理解
Wild animals seem to have escaped the Indian Ocean tsunami， adding weight to the idea that they have a “sixth sense” of disasters， experts said on Thursday.
Sri Lanka wildlife officials have said the waves that killed over 24，000 people along the Indian Ocean island’s coast seemingly missed wildlife， with no dead animals found.
“No elephants are dead， not even a dead hare or rabbit.I think animals can sense the disaster.They have a ‘sixth sense’.They know when things are happening，” H.D.Ratnayake， director of Sri Lanka’s Wildlife Department， said on Wednesday.
The waves washed floodwaters up to 3 km inland at Yala National Park in the southeast， Sri Lanka’s biggest wildlife reserve and home to hundreds of wild elephants.“There has been a lot of evidence of dogs barking or birds migrating before volcanic eruptions or earthquakes.But it has not been proved，” said Matthew van Lierop， an animal behaviour specialist at Johannesburg Zoo.“There have been no specific studies because you can’t really test it in a lab or a field setting.” Other authorities agreed with this opinion.
“Wildlife seems to be able to pick up certain signs， especially birds.There are many reports of birds detecting coming disasters，” said Clive Walker， who has written several books on African wildlife.
Animals certainly rely on the known senses such as smell or hearing to avoid danger such as predators （掠食动物）.The idea of an animal “sixth sense” is a lasting one that the evidence of Sri Lanka’s damaged coast is likely to add to.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了动物似乎有一种“第六感”可以提前感知自然灾害，从而使自己免受伤害。
1.What happened after the Indian Ocean tsunami？（ ）
A.Many people died but wild animals survived.
B.The “six sense” of wild animals developed.
C.Wild animals were killed or went missing.
D.The coast was found in good condition.
解析：A 细节理解题。根据第二段内容可知，此次海啸中有很多人丧生，然而野生动物却幸免于难。
2.Which of the following is closest in meaning to the underlined word “detecting” in Paragraph 5？（ ）
A.Taking up. B.Putting up.
C.Picking up. D.Bringing up.
解析：C 词义猜测题。根据第五段第一句可知，鸟类尤其能捕捉到某些信号，所以有很多关于鸟类识别出即将发生灾难的报道。由此推知，此处detecting的意思与上句的pick up意思相近。
3.What is the text mainly about？（ ）
A.It seems that animals can save themselves from natural disasters.
B.The different opinions about animals’ natural power.
C.How to protect wildlife when disasters happen.
D.The serious damage of the Indian Ocean tsunami.
解析：A 主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文在围绕“动物逃脱了海啸，它们似乎有第六感，可以提前感知灾害”展开，所以文章主要介绍了动物似乎可以从自然灾害中拯救自己。
4.In which section of a newspaper can we read this text？（ ）
A.Travel. B.Custom.
C.Culture. D.Discovery.
解析：D 推理判断题。根据第一、二段内容可知，文章主要介绍了印度洋海啸造成上万人丧生，而动物却能幸免，人们认为这得益于动物的“第六感”，这属于科学发现。由此推知，本文可能出现在报纸的“发现”版。
Ⅱ.完形填空
Typhoons and hurricanes are the same weather phenomenon： tropical cyclones （热带气旋）.
However， they go by different names 5 where they occur.
Typhoons develop in the northwestern part of the Pacific Ocean.They most 6 occur from late June to December.When winds blow into warm sea water， a lot of warm air 7 rapidly， while colder air moves in below.This creates air 8 causing the winds to move very quickly.The more warm air there is， the more 9 the winds.When the winds move faster than 119 kilometers per hour， a typhoon is formed.If a typhoon 10 241 kilometers per hour， then it becomes a super typhoon.
The 11 of a typhoon is called the “eye”.This is right in the middle of a typhoon and is 12 .In the “eye”， the wind does not move so fast.Around the “eye” is the wall of clouds.This is where the 13 winds and hardest rains are found.The rain bands （雨带） are the outer part of a typhoon that spins （旋转） with it.
Typhoons do bring water to people， but they also can be very 14 .They 15 houses and cars， and even kill people.For example， tropical storm Megi hit the Philippines in April.More than 220 people died from 16 and flooding caused by the typhoon.
China is 17 one of the countries most affected by typhoons.The 18 time for typhoons landing is from July to September. 19 ， China’s coastal residents face 10 typhoon landings each year.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了台风的形成以及造成的危害。
5.A.contributing to B.depending on
C.compared to D.belonging to
解析：B 根据常识可知，台风和飓风的名字应该是取决于它们发生的地方。
6.A.definitely B.extraordinarily
C.commonly D.entirely
解析：C 根据下文occur from late June to December可知，台风发生的时间并不固定，只能推断出通常台风会发生在这几个月。
7.A.rises B.disappears
C.exits D.erupts
解析：A while意为“然而”，表示前后对比，冷空气向下移动，就说明大量温暖潮湿的空气应该是上升的。
8.A.crisis B.reaction
C.strength D.pressure
解析：D 根据常识，冷暖空气的运动产生气压，而气压导致风快速移动。
9.A.frightening B.efficient
C.powerful D.dramatic
解析：C 温暖的空气越多，压力就越大，同时风力也会增强。
10.A.flashes B.lowers
C.supplies D.hits
解析：D 如果台风的速度达到每小时241千米，就会成为超级台风。hit意为“达到”。
11.A.edge B.center
C.base D.content
解析：B 根据下文This is right in the middle of a typhoon可知，这是台风的中心，换句话说，台风的中心就是“台风眼”。
12.A.striking B.calm
C.obvious D.amazing
解析：B 根据下句可知，在“台风眼”里，风的移动没有那么快，说明台风中心是平静的。
13.A.strongest B.largest
C.coolest D.lightest
解析：A 根据下文and hardest rains are found可知，云墙是雨最大的地方，同时也是风力最强的地方。
14.A.wide-ranging B.remarkable
C.realistic D.destructive
解析：D 根据下文They 15 houses and cars， and even kill people.可知，台风可以吹走房屋和汽车，甚至可以杀人，说明它是有破坏性的。
15.A.break into B.stir up
C.fall apart D.blow away
解析：D 台风风速快就会产生很大的风力，推断出它们会吹走房屋和汽车。
16.A.eruptions B.landslides
C.sandstorm D.lightning
解析：B 根据常识可知，台风产生的次生灾害有山体滑坡和洪水。
17.A.also B.still
C.eventually D.thus
解析：A 上文举了菲律宾的例子，此处意为“中国也是受台风影响严重的国家之一”。
18.A.peak B.suitable
C.limited D.particular
解析：A 根据语境可知，此处指台风发生的高峰期。
19.A.In turn B.At large
C.On average D.Above all
解析：C 根据each year可知，因为每年台风发生的次数没有准确数量，这里谈到的十次台风应该是一个平均数。
Ⅲ.读后续写
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
For my family， a vacation in Penang is a yearly event.My mother and father were raised in Penang， so they loved Penang cuisine.Each December， we’d go to the island and take a three-day tour of their favorite places for meals.
This year we began the trip to the north on a Friday morning.It took us six hours to arrive at our destination.We always stayed at a hotel in Batu Ferringhi.The beach was only a few steps away from the hotel， and our rooms had a beautiful ocean view.We spent our first night playing on the beach.Then， we went back to the hotel rooms and started playing games.My parents had a rule for our holidays that we should spend time doing something together.There was to be no television and no Internet.
We reached Bukit Bendera the following day， and then wandered around the town for the rest of the afternoon， visiting our favorite shops.We were drinking tea in a cafe when we heard someone discussing an earthquake off Sumatra， an Indonesian island.After we returned to our hotel， we left for the beach.We went for a stroll on the beach， collecting shells along the way.When I looked up， I could see that the sunlight was more brilliant than I had imagined.Far away， I could see a big tree shaking under the sunlight.We didn’t think anything terrible was going to happen.All of a sudden， I realized something strange.It was as if the sea was moving away from the coast.I called my dad to check on this strange event.My dad took a look and his face went pale.In the distance we could see a gray line approaching the coast.It seemed to grow taller by the second.
注意：1.续写词数应为150左右；
2.请按如下格式作答。
My dad shouted at us to hurry back to the hotel.
We waited a long time before going downstairs.
参考范文：
My dad shouted at us to hurry back to the hotel.He held my arm and dragged me along.As we got to the gate of the hotel， we heard a noise coming from behind.My father urged us to hide upstairs.We were in a state of terror， and as we got to the second level， we could hear the roar of running water and the shattering of glass.My dad was screaming at us to go up.On the fourth level we paused， staring at the water beneath.It stopped growing.A few minutes later， it started to fall.
We waited a long time before going downstairs.As soon as the running water stopped， we could see the unrecognizable gate of the hotel.The hotel was filled with mud and shattered furniture.There were also some people who fell into the water and fainted or cried out in pain.What we saw weakened our hearts， so we decided to assist the victims after a narrow escape.Never had I had such a thrilling but dangerous vacation before.The special visit to Penang left a deep impression on me.
8 / 8
