Section Ⅰ Starting out & Understanding ideas
Absolute agony！
Our Agony Aunt answers your questions.
Dear Agony Aunt，
I’m in a total mess① here — [1]hope you can help me out②！
[1]本句是祈使句。
I’m 17， and a member of our school basketball team.I’m crazy about③basketball， and pretty good at④it too， [2]which is probably why I was so mad when we lost our last match.We played well， but I felt the team were let down⑤ by one member， our point guard.The point guard is a key player， but it was like⑥ he wasn’t even on the court⑦！[3]Disappointed by his behaviour， I said all this to my best friend.I was just letting off steam⑧ really， [4]because I was so angry， but then my friend went and told everyone else [5]what I’d said.
[2]which 引导非限制性定语从句，补充说明前面的句子；该从句中why引导表语从句，when引导时间状语从句。
[3]过去分词短语作原因状语。
[4]because 引导原因状语从句。
[5]what引导宾语从句，并在从句中作said的宾语。
This is so totally awkward.I’m really angry with⑨ my friend — what should I say to him？And should I say anything at all to my teammate？
Embarrassed and ashamed， I can’t concentrate on⑩ anything.Please help！
Ben
Dear Ben，
There is an old American saying ，“Loose lips sink ships .” This means [6]that if you speak too much about something， especially to people who you don’t know so well， it’ll cause all kinds of trouble.
[6]that引导宾语从句。从句也是主从复合句，其中if引导条件状语从句；who引导定语从句，修饰先行词people；it’ll cause all kinds of trouble 是主句。
The situation here is so much worse because the “loose lips” were your best friend’s.[7]Treated this way， you’re sure to feel hurt — we should always be able to trust those [8]closest to us， and it hurts even more when we find we can’t.
But I have to say [9]that it’s partly your fault ， isn’t it？ You admit that you were “letting off steam”.It is understandable in that situation， but we should always think before we speak.
[7]过去分词短语作原因状语。
[8]形容词短语作后置定语，修饰those。
[9]that 引导宾语从句；isn’t it 为反意疑问句。
[10]Here’s what you need to do.First， apologise to your teammate.If you ever want to win any more basketball games （and I’m sure you do！）， you need to work together ， and that means communicating with each other clearly and resolving conflicts.So have a chat with your teammate.[11]Tell him directly and honestly that you were talking without thinking.
[10]完全倒装句。what引导的从句是句子的主语。
[11]祈使句。that引导宾语从句，作前面Tell的直接宾语。
Then， talk to your friend.Friendship should be one of the greatest things in the world， but sometimes it can be difficult.Again，
your strategy is clear communication.Tell your friend you’re angry with him for repeating [12]what you said and [13]making the situation worse， but [14]that you want to move on .[15]Approached in this way， your friendship will soon be repaired.
[12]what引导宾语从句，并在从句中作said的宾语。
[13]此处为“make＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构。worse是bad的比较级，此处作宾语补足语。
[14]that 引导宾语从句。
[15]过去分词短语作条件状语。
Thirdly， and perhaps most importantly ，think about your own behaviour.Don’t say too much when you’re angry！[16]Filled with anger， you tend to say [17]whatever comes to your mind.This gives people the wrong signal .Take a deep breath ， calm down ， and always remember： think first， speak later.If you feel one of your teammates isn’t pulling their weight ， then raise your concerns in a professional way with your team coach.
If you think about other people’s feelings as well as your own， you’ll soon find everything works out .
[16]Filled with anger是过去分词短语作状语，be filled with意为“充满着”，作定语或状语时通常省略be。
[17]whatever引导宾语从句，此处不可以改成no matter what。
Good luck！
Agony Aunt
【读文清障】
①in a mess 一团糟
②help sb out 帮某人一把
③be crazy about 为……疯狂，对……着迷
④be good at 擅长
⑤let down 使失望，辜负
⑥like prep.像……
⑦on the court 在球场上
⑧steam n.蒸汽，水蒸气
let off steam
发泄怒火，宣泄情绪
⑨be angry with sb
对某人生气；对某人发火
⑩concentrate on 集中注意力于
saying n.谚语
loose lips sink ships
祸从口出
hurt adj.受伤的；受伤害的
be sure to feel hurt
一定会感到很受伤
be sure to 一定会
be able to 能够
fault n.责任，过错
admit v.承认
admit doing sth 承认做过某事
understandable adj.可以理解的
apologise to sb
向某人道歉
work together
一起工作，一起共事
resolve v.解决（问题、困难）
have a chat with sb
和某人聊天
directly adv.直接地
honestly adv.诚实地，诚恳地
strategy n.计谋，策略；行动计划
move on 开始做别的事；换话题
approach v.着手处理；接近，靠近
most importantly 最重要的是
tend to倾向于
signal n.信号；暗号
breath n.一口气
take a deep breath 深吸一口气
calm down 冷静下来
pull one’s weight 做好分内事，尽责
concern n.忧虑，担心 v.涉及；使关心，使担忧
in a professional way 用专业的方式
think about 考虑，想到
as well as 如同，和……一样
work out 进展顺利，如期发生
【参考译文】
深陷痛苦！知心阿姨为你答疑解惑
尊敬的知心阿姨：
我这儿一团糟，希望您能帮我一把！
我今年17岁，是学校篮球队的一员。我酷爱打篮球，打得也很好，也许正因如此，在我们队输掉了最近的比赛时我相当恼怒。我们打得不错，但我感觉整个团队都被一个队友拖累了，那就是我们的控球后卫。控球后卫是队里的关键球员，但他却好像不在场上似的！我对他的所作所为感到失望，就把这些全部告诉了我最好的朋友。我其实只是想发泄一下怒气，因为我太生气了，可我的朋友随后却把我的话告诉了所有人。
这太让人难堪了。我对朋友气恼不已，我应该对他说些什么？另外，我是否应该对我的队友说点什么？
我既尴尬又羞愧，做什么事都无法集中精力。请您帮帮我吧！
本
亲爱的本：
美国有一句老话：“祸从口出。”意思是说如果你对某件事谈论得过多，尤其是跟你不太了解的人谈论，会招来各种各样的麻烦。
你的情况更为糟糕，因为“口风不紧”的人是你最好的朋友。被这样对待，你一定觉得受到了伤害——我们应该一直能够信赖最亲近的人，当我们发现他们不能信赖时，就更伤心了。
不过我不得不说你也有一部分责任，不是吗？你承认了你“只是想发泄一下怒气”。这在当时的情况下可以理解，但我们在说话前应该先想清楚。
现在你应该这么做。第一步，向你的队友道歉。如果你们以后篮球比赛还想赢球（我肯定你们一定想赢！），你们就必须团结合作，这就意味着你们彼此之间必须沟通清楚，解决矛盾。所以，找你那位队友聊聊吧，直接诚恳地告诉他你当时的话没有经过认真考虑。
第二步，和你的朋友聊聊吧。友谊应该是世上最好的事物之一了，但有时也会有些麻烦。同样，你的策略是进行清楚明确的沟通。告诉你的朋友，他传话的行为让情况更糟糕了，你对此很生气，但你想让事情就此过去。通过这个方式处理，你们的友谊很快就会被修复。
第三步，也许是最重要的一点，你要反思自己的行为。生气的时候不要说太多话！满腔怒火的时候，你往往想到什么就说什么。这会给别人错误的信号。深呼吸，冷静下来，并时刻记住：先思而后言。如果你觉得某个队友没有尽职尽责，那你要以更专业的方式向教练提出你的担心。
如果你能在考虑自己感受的同时也考虑别人的感受，很快你就会发现情况将逐渐好转。
祝你好运！
知心阿姨
第一步：析架构理清脉络
第二步：知细节明察秋毫
1.Why did Ben’s team lose the match？（ ）
A.The members played badly.
B.Ben is very fond of playing basketball.
C.The point guard wasn’t on the court.
D.The point guard didn’t perform well.
2.How did Ben let off steam when he was very angry？（ ）
A.He told his best friend the bad performance of the point guard.
B.He told everyone else his team lost the last match.
C.He couldn’t concentrate on anything.
D.He apologised to his teammate and had a chat with him.
3.What does “that” in the third sentence of Paragraph 4 in the second letter refer to？（ ）
A.Winning any basketball game.
B.Apologising to your teammate.
C.Working together.
D.Winning more basketball games.
4.What does Agony Aunt think of Ben’s behaviour？（ ）
A.Favorable. B.Opposed.
C.Understandable. D.Admirable.
5.What is the most important to Ben according to Agony Aunt？（ ）
A.Thinking about his own behaviour.
B.Making a clear communication.
C.Saying his mind clearly in anger.
D.Giving other people a correct signal.
6.What is the main purpose of the second letter？ （ ）
A.To introduce how to repair friendship.
B.To propose the column Agony Aunt.
C.To give suggestions to Ben.
D.To present some ways to resolve conflicts.
第三步：品语言妙笔生辉
1.Read the passage carefully and find the sentences describing the mood.
2.Read the passage carefully and find the sentences which show consideration before giving suggestions.
3.Read the passage carefully and find the sentences containing quotes.
第四步：拓思维品质提升
1.What’s your understanding of the saying “Loose lips sink ships.”？
2.Have you ever had a similar experience？Please share your own story with your classmates.
第五步：析难句表达升级
1.I was just letting off steam really， because I was so angry， but then my friend went and told everyone else what I’d said.
句式分析 because I was so angry为because引导的 从句，what I’d said为what引导的 从句。
自主翻译
2.If you ever want to win any more basketball games （and I’m sure you do！），you need to work together， and that means communicating with each other clearly and resolving conflicts.
句式分析 If you ever want to win any more basketball games为If引导的 从句，communicating with each other clearly and resolving conflicts是由and连接的两个动词-ing短语作动词means的 。
自主翻译
3.Filled with anger， you tend to say whatever comes to your mind.
句式分析 Filled with anger为过去分词短语作 ，whatever comes to your mind为whatever引导的 从句。
自主翻译
Part Ⅰ 核心词汇集释
in a mess 杂乱不堪；陷入困境
【教材原句】 I’m in a total mess here — hope you can help me out！
我这儿一团糟，希望您能帮我一把！
【用法】
（1）make a mess of 把……搞得一塌糊涂 get sb into a mess 使某人陷入困境 a mess of 许多，大量 （2）mess up 搞乱；搞糟 mess around/about 瞎闹；闲逛 （3）messy adj. 凌乱的；脏的 a messy job 一项脏的工作
【佳句】 We had hoped to go outing， but the weather made a mess of our plans.我们本来希望去郊游，但天气把我们的计划搞砸了。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①It took me ages to get this right — I don’t want some idiots to mess it .
②She’d got herself into mess， of which he was certain.
③As the work tends to be a bit （mess）， you’ll need to wear old clothes.
【写美】 补全句子
④His mother was angry with him because his room was .
他的妈妈很生他的气，因为他的房间杂乱不堪。
help out 帮一把
【教材原句】 I’m in a total mess here — hope you can help me out！
我这儿一团糟，希望您能帮我一把！
【用法】
（1）help sb with sth/in doing sth/（to） do sth 帮助某人（做）某事 can’t help doing sth 情不自禁地做某事 can’t help but do sth 别无选择只好做某事 （2）with the help of 在……的帮助下 be of help＝be helpful 有帮助
【佳句】 They will remain in trouble if we don’t help them out.
如果我们不帮他们一把，他们将继续处于困境中。
【点津】 help out既可以作及物动词短语，也可以作不及物动词短语。作及物动词短语时，宾语若是代词，只能位于help与out之间。
【练透】 单句语法填空/补全句子
①You can’t help （wonder） how hard it was for the people then to put all those rocks into place.
②If you have some spare cash， time or goods， it is an opportunity to help others .
③Sometimes， we bravely and learn from it.
有时候，我们别无选择只好勇敢面对失败，并从中学习。
【写美】 一句多译
④她在会上说的话对我有很大帮助。
→What she said at the meeting to me.
→What she said at the meeting to me.
let down 使失望，辜负
【教材原句】 We played well， but I felt the team were let down by one member， our point guard.
我们打得不错，但我感觉整个团队都被一个队友拖累了，那就是我们的控球后卫。
【用法】
let alone 不干涉；不管；更不用说 let out 放掉；发出（叫声等）；泄露（秘密等） let off 使爆炸；允许离开；使免受处罚 let in 放进，让……进来；容许；许可 let off steam 发泄怒火，宣泄情绪 let go （of） 放手，松手，放开；使自由
【佳句】 He said before the competition that he wouldn’t let off steam， but he let us down.
他在比赛前说过他不会发火，但他让我们失望了。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①Don’t let go my hand or we’ll get separated.
②There isn’t enough room for us， let any guests.
③“It’s awesome！” he let a cry with excitement when his favourite player kicked a goal.
【写美】 补全句子
④I’m sorry I .Something went wrong， so I couldn’t meet you.
很抱歉我让你失望了。出了一些事，因此我没能去见你。 （道歉信）
fault n.责任，过错
【教材原句】 But I have to say that it’s partly your fault， isn’t it？
不过我不得不说你也有一部分责任，不是吗？
【用法】
（1）find fault with 挑……的毛病，对……吹毛求疵 at fault 有责任，出毛病 it is one’s own fault 那是某人自己的错 for all one’s faults 尽管有这么多缺点 far outweigh one’s faults 远远大于缺陷 （2）faulty adj. 不完美的；错误的；有缺陷的
【佳句】 He lost his job the other day， but it was his own fault for telling lies to the hotel manager.前几天他丢了工作，但那是他自己向酒店经理撒谎的错。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①The new software was （fault）， causing data loss and delays in the project.
②We failed to explain that to the public and we are fault in that.
③Dear students， I love all of you all your faults.
【写美】 补全句子
④I can’t the new restaurant： the food is good and the service is excellent.
我无法对那家新餐馆吹毛求疵：食品很好，服务也是一流的。
breath n.一口气；呼吸
【教材原句】 Take a deep breath， calm down， and always remember：think first， speak later.
深呼吸，冷静下来，并时刻记住：先思而后言。
【用法】
（1）take sb’s breath away 令人惊叹 hold sb’s breath 屏息；屏气 take a deep breath 深吸一口气 lose sb’s breath 喘不过气来 （be） out of breath 喘不过气来 （2）breathe v. 呼吸；使喘息 breathe in/out 吸气/呼气 （3）breathless adj. 喘不过气来的
【佳句】 If you run too fast， you will lose your breath.
如果你跑得太快，你会喘不过气来。
【练透】 用breath的相关短语填空
①Desperately trying to keep calm， he and let out a sigh.
②When the housemaid was about to let out her secret， all the family members .
③My first view of the mountain from the air .
【写美】 补全句子
④Ann ran all the way to school， .
安一路跑到学校，上气不接下气。（动作描写）
concern n.忧虑，担心 vt.涉及；使担忧；与……有关
【教材原句】 If you feel one of your teammates isn’t pulling their weight， then raise your concerns in a professional way with your team coach.
如果你觉得某个队友没有尽职尽责，那你要以更专业的方式向教练提出你的担心。
【用法】
（1）concern oneself about ... 关心…… （2）express/show concern about/for ...对……表示关心/担心 raise concerns about ... 提出对……的担心 （3）concerned adj. 担心的；关切的 be concerned about/for ... 关心/担忧…… be concerned with/in ... 与……有关 as/so far as ...be concerned 就……而言
【佳句】 Concerned about your illness， we’d like to know how you are feeling at the present time.我们担忧你的病情，想知道你目前感觉怎么样了。（慰问信）
【练透】 单句语法填空
①My English teacher showed great concern me and I felt very warm.
②At the meeting， they raised （concern） about wildlife protection.
③All the difficulties （concern） with the project were solved one by one.
【写美】 补全句子
④ ， online learning is convenient and time-saving， allowing us to learn anytime and anywhere we like.
就我而言，网络学习方便省时，可以让我们随时随地学习。（发言稿）
Part Ⅱ 重点句型解构
句型公式：形容词短语作原因状语
【教材原句】 Embarrassed and ashamed， I can’t concentrate on anything.
我既尴尬又羞愧，做什么事都无法集中精力。
【用法】
句中Embarrassed and ashamed为形容词短语作原因状语，说明主语的状态。 （1）形容词（短语）作状语，说明句子主语的特点或处于某种状态，可以表示方式、原因或伴随状况等，可位于句首、句末或句中，常用逗号与句子其他部分隔开。 （2）形容词（短语）作状语时，常用来说明句子主语的状态，即和主语构成主系表结构。如果用来修饰句子的谓语动词或整个句子，则应用副词作状语。
【品悟】 Jack stared at the footprints， full of fear.
杰克盯着脚印，充满恐惧。
【写美】 微写作/句式升级
①由于急于改进耕作条件，他们大面积地试种了这种新庄稼。
farming conditions，they tried out this new crop on a large area.
②玛丽的父亲既惊讶又高兴，开始对他的妻子和女儿大喊大叫。
， Mary’s father began to shout at his wife and daughter.
句型公式：before引导时间状语从句
【教材原句】 It is understandable in that situation， but we should always think before we speak.
这在当时的情况下可以理解，但我们在说话前应该先想清楚。
【用法】
before引导时间状语从句时，基本含义是“在……之前”，又可以根据不同语境灵活翻译成“还没来得及……就……”“……之后才……”“在……之前”“（不久）就……”“以免……”“趁着（还没有）……”。before常用于以下句型： （1）It will be＋时间段＋before ...（从句用一般现在时） 要过……才…… （2）It won’t be＋时间段＋before ...（从句用一般现在时） 过不了……就…… （3）It was not long before ...（从句用一般过去时） 没过多久就…… （4）It was＋时间段＋before ...（从句用一般过去时） 过了……时间才……
【品悟】 It was three years before we met by accident in the street. It was not surprising that we had changed beyond recognition.
三年后我们在街上偶然相遇。我们变化很大，无法相认，这并不奇怪。
【写美】 语境辨义/微写作
①He told me a helicopter was on the way， but it would be 30 minutes before it arrived.
②Before I could say anything more， Holmes had rushed off towards the station.
③要过半年我才回来。
I come back.
④没过多久，他们就离开了自己的村庄。
they left their village.
⑤过了很长一段时间我才认识到真相。
I realised the truth.
⑥学生们要先完成作业才能回家。
The students they finish their homework.
⑦在你做决定之前，你最好征求一下你父母的意见。
You’d better ask your parents for advice .
句型公式：whatever引导宾语从句
【教材原句】 Filled with anger， you tend to say whatever comes to your mind.
满腔怒火的时候，你往往想到什么就说什么。
【用法】
句中whatever comes to your mind为whatever引导的宾语从句，whatever相当于anything that。 （1）whatever可以引导名词性从句，还可以引导让步状语从句，相当于no matter what。 （2）whatever/whoever/whichever这一类词既可以引导名词性从句，也可以引导让步状语从句；而however/wherever/whenever一般只引导让步状语从句。
【品悟】 Whatever I do is none of your business.
我做什么都与你无关。
【写美】 微写作/一句多译
①谁先爬到山顶，谁就会得奖。
will receive a prize.
②无论你做什么，你都不能违背自然规律。
→ ， you can’t go against the law of nature.
→ ， you can’t go against the law of nature.
提示：完成课后作业 UNIT 1 Section Ⅰ
12 / 12Section Ⅲ Developing ideas
Little White Lies
[1]Written more than two hundred years ago， these lines by Walter Scott① remain② one of the most well-known excerpts③ of Scottish poetry④：
Oh， [2]what a tangled⑤ web⑥ we weave⑦，
When first we practise to deceive⑧！
[1]过去分词短语作状语，write与句子主语these lines是逻辑上的动宾关系。
[2]what引导感叹句，其结构为：What＋a/an＋形容词＋名词＋主语＋谓语！
[3]We all know that honesty⑨ is an important value⑩ and that lying is wrong， but who can honestly say that they’ve never told a lie ？ [4]Perhaps we comfort ourselves with the knowledge that most of the lies we tell are “white lies ”： little lies that we tell to protect others from the truth.
[3]本句为but连接的并列复合句。在but前面的句子中，know 后面是that 引导的两个宾语从句，其中第二个that 不能省略；在but后面的句子中，say 后面是that 引导的宾语从句。
[4]本句是复合句。knowledge 后面是that 引导的同位语从句；we tell是定语从句； little lies后是that 引导的定语从句；to protect others from the truth为动词不定式短语作目的状语。
[5]We’ve all surely had the experience of someone cooking a meal for us that we don’t like. [6]The majority of us of course don’t tell the truth — we lie and say that the food is “delicious”.
[5]本句是复合句。that we don’t like为that 引导的定语从句，修饰前面的先行词meal。
[6]and 连接前后并列的两个谓语动词lie和say，say 后面是that 引导的宾语从句。
[7]Or if a friend asks us what we think of their new haircut ， we say “It’s great！”， even if we think it’s awful . But to what extent can we justify telling white lies like these？
[7]本句为复合句。asks us后面是what引导的宾语从句；even if 引导让步状语从句。
One of the main reasons for telling a white lie is to try to make others feel better.[8]However， when we lie and say that someone’s haircut looks good， or when we say that we love a meal that we secretly hate， are we really hoping to improve the situation for someone else？ Perhaps we are in fact lying to protect ourselves from the disappointment and anger of others.
[8]本句是复合句。or 连接两个when 引导的时间状语从句，主句是一般疑问句，使用了现在进行时。However后面必须要加逗号。
Another reason for telling a white lie is to give encouragement .Say for example that your friend asks you what you think of his singing.[9]You of course say that it’s wonderful， despite secretly thinking that your cat can sing better. [10]Stop for a moment and consider that perhaps your friend wants some frank comments from you so that they can improve. Or perhaps， they need to know that they should look for a different hobby.
[9]本句中despite 为介词，其后引导表示让步意义的短语结构，意义相当于although your cat can sing better。
[10]本句是复合句。主句为祈使句；that引导宾语从句；so that 引导目的状语从句，从句中常用情态动词。
Finally， we may also tell a white lie when we want to protect others from bad news.If you’ve had a bad day， do you tell your parents about it， or do you hide your tears and lie that your day was “fine”？ If the latter ， don’t you think your parents would want to listen to you and understand your feelings？ Wouldn’t it be better to respect their concern for you and ask for their advice ？
[11]Going back to Walter Scott’s lines， we may find even white lies have results we cannot know in advance .[12]Perhaps the meal you said was “delicious” will be served every time you visit. Would your friend trust your opinion again if he found out you had lied about his “wonderful” singing？ How would you expect others to truly understand your emotions if you only shared good news instead of bad？ Moreover ， how would you feel if you discovered that the people closest to you had been hiding the truth from you？
[11]Going back to Walter Scott’s lines为动词-ing短语作状语，go与句子的主语we是逻辑上的主谓关系。
[12]you said was “delicious”为省略了关系代词that或which的定语从句，修饰先行词meal； every time 引导时间状语从句，意为“每次……”。
【读文清障】
①Walter Scott 沃尔特·司各特（英国著名的历史小说家和诗人）
②remain v.保持，仍是
③excerpt n.摘录，节选
④Scottish poetry 苏格兰诗歌
⑤tangled adj.纠结的；复杂的
⑥web n.蜘蛛网；错综复杂的事物
⑦weave v.编，织
⑧deceive v.欺骗
⑨honesty n.诚实
⑩value n.价值
tell a lie 说谎
comfort vt.安慰
knowledge n.知识；知晓，了解
white lies 善意的谎言
protect v.保护
protect ...from ...
保护……免遭……
experience n.经历
the majority of 大多数
tell the truth 说实话
haircut n.发型
even if＝even though 即使
awful adj.糟糕的
to ...extent 在……程度上
justify v.证明（别人认为不合理的事）有道理；为……辩护
one of the main reasons
主要原因之一
situation n.情况，形势
in fact＝as a matter of fact 事实上
disappointment n.失望
disappoint vt.使失望
disappointed adj.失望的
disappointing adj.令人失望的
anger n.生气
angry adj.生气的
encouragement n.鼓励
encourage vt.鼓励
despite＝in spite of 尽管
for a moment 一会儿
frank adj.坦率的，坦诚的，直言不讳的
comment n.评论
tear n.眼泪，泪水
latter n.后者
ask for one’s advice
征求某人的意见
in advance 提前
serve v.提供，接待，服务
emotion n.情感
moreover adv.此外，而且
【参考译文】
善意的小小谎言
200多年前，沃尔特·司各特写下的这几行文字，如今依然是苏格兰诗歌中最广为传诵的诗句之一：
啊，谎言一旦开始，
我们须得织就一张错综复杂的网！
我们都知道诚实是一项重要品质，也知道说谎是不对的。但是谁又能诚实地说自己从来没有说过谎呢？或许我们可以安慰自己，我们说过的大部分谎言都是“善意的谎言”，即为了保护他人不被真相伤害而撒的小谎。
我们一定都有过这样的经历：别人为我们准备的菜肴不合我们的口味。大多数人会理所当然地把真实想法隐藏起来——我们会撒谎说这道菜“很好吃”。
或者有朋友问我们他的新发型怎么样，即使我们觉得剪得非常糟糕，也会说“棒极了！”但是这些善意的谎言到底有多正当呢？
说善意的谎言，主要原因之一是为了照顾别人的感受。但是，当我们撒谎说某人的发型很好看，或者说不合我们口味的菜很好吃时，我们真的是在为别人着想吗？也许事实上，我们撒谎只是为了不让别人失望和生气，以免殃及自身。
说善意的谎言的另一个原因是给予鼓励。比如说，你的朋友问你觉得他的歌唱得怎么样。尽管你私下里认为他唱得还不如猫叫好听，但还是说他的歌声很美妙。停下来想一想，也许你的朋友就是想听到你的真实评价，从而改进和提高。又或者，应该让他知道自己需要换一个爱好了。
最后，想要向别人隐瞒坏消息的时候，我们可能也会说善意的谎言。假如你今天过得很糟糕，你是对你的父母说实话呢，还是偷偷擦掉眼泪骗他们说今天过得“不错”？如果你选择隐瞒，难道你不觉得其实父母希望听你倾诉从而理解你的真实感受吗？尊重他们对你的关心，向他们寻求建议不是更好吗？
回到沃尔特·司各特的诗句，我们会发现，即使是善意的谎言，也会带来无法预知的后果。也许被你评价为“很好吃”的菜肴会在你每次到访时都出现在餐桌上。你的朋友发现你对歌声“很美妙”的评价是个谎言后，还会继续信任你的看法吗？如果你只分享好消息而隐瞒坏消息，你还能期望他人真正理解你的情绪吗？而且，当你发现身边最亲近的人在对你隐瞒真相时，你又会有怎样的感受呢？
第一步：析架构理清脉络
第二步：知细节明察秋毫
1.What is the function of the first paragraph？（ ）
A.To introduce the topic of the whole passage.
B.To deepen the understanding of white lies.
C.To remind the readers of the damage of white lies.
D.To analyse why people like telling white lies.
2.What can we learn from Paragraph 2？（ ）
A.Being honest means you are valuable.
B.We tell lies so as to protect others.
C.Honest men say they never tell lies.
D.White lies have a kind original intention.
3.Why do we have to tell a white lie sometimes？（ ）
A.Because white lies make ourselves feel better.
B.Because white lies are always encouraging.
C.Because white lies can protect others from bad emotions.
D.Because all the white lies are kind and understandable.
4.Which example is a white lie used to give encouragement？（ ）
A.Your haircut looks good.
B.You sing a wonderful song.
C.The meal you cooked is delicious.
D.My day is fine.Don’t worry.
5.What can we learn from the last paragraph？（ ）
A.All the white lies are good for our lives.
B.All the white lies are bad for our lives.
C.Sometimes a white lie has a result we can’t know in advance.
D.If we tell a white lie， we will lose our best friends.
6.What is the author’s attitude towards “telling white lies”？（ ）
A.Approving. B.Disapproving.
C.Cautious. D.Neutral.
第三步：品语言妙笔生辉
Read the passage carefully and find the sentence containing quotes.
第四步：拓思维品质提升
1.Whether should we tell white lies？
2.In your opinion， what is a white lie？
3.Can you give an example of a white lie？
第五步：析难句表达升级
1.We all know that honesty is an important value and that lying is wrong， but who can honestly say that they’ve never told a lie？
句式分析 本句为but连接的并列复合句。第一个分句是复合句，that honesty is an important value and that lying is wrong为由连词and连接的并列的 从句。第二个分句也是复合句，that they’ve never told a lie为that引导的 从句。
自主翻译
2.However， when we lie and say that someone’s haircut looks good， or when we say that we love a meal that we secretly hate， are we really hoping to improve the situation for someone else？
句式分析 本句为主从复合句。when we lie and say that someone’s haircut looks good和when we say that we love a meal that we secretly hate均为when引导的 从句；that someone’s haircut looks good和that we love a meal都是that引导的 从句；that we secretly hate为that引导的 从句，修饰先行词 。
自主翻译
3.Perhaps the meal you said was “delicious” will be served every time you visit.
句式分析 本句为复合句。you said was “delicious”为 从句；every time you visit为every time引导的 从句。
自主翻译
Part Ⅰ 核心词汇集释
frank adj.坦率的，坦诚的，直言不讳的
【教材原句】 Stop for a moment and consider that perhaps your friend wants some frank comments from you so that they can improve.
停下来想一想，也许你的朋友就是想听到你的真实评价，从而改进和提高。
【用法】
（1）to be frank 坦白说；坦率地说 to be frank with sb 对某人坦白 （2）frankly adv. 坦诚地，坦白说 frankly speaking 坦白说；坦率地说 （3）to be honest＝honestly speaking 老实说 to tell the truth 说实话
【佳句】 To be frank/Frankly speaking， I’d like to be your friend and invite you to come to my house on weekends.坦白说，我想做你的朋友，并邀请你周末来我家。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①To be frank you， I don’t really think you’ve got a chance.
② （frank）， my father and I are extremely similar in personality.
【写美】 同义句转换
③To be honest， it was one of the best books I’ve ever read.
→ ， it was one of the best books I’ve ever read.
→ ， it was one of the best books I’ve ever read.
tear n.眼泪，泪水 vt.（tore， torn）撕碎，扯破；扯掉
【教材原句】 If you’ve had a bad day， do you tell your parents about it， or do you hide your tears and lie that your day was “fine”？
假如你今天过得很糟糕，你是对你的父母说实话呢，还是偷偷擦掉眼泪骗他们说今天过得“不错”？
【用法】
（1）burst into tears＝burst out crying 突然大哭起来 hold back the tears 忍住眼泪 move sb to tears 使某人感动得流泪 in tears 哭着；流泪 （2）tear up＝tear ...into pieces 撕毁；撕碎 tear down 拆除；拆掉 tear ...in two＝tear ...into halves 把……撕成两半
【佳句】 Tears of happiness flowed down her cheeks.
幸福的泪水顺着她的脸颊流下来。（情感描写）
【练透】 单句语法填空
①During the time when he told the story， we were all listening tears.
②The city will tear the old building and create a park here.
③She （tear） up the letter angrily and threw it into the dustbin.
【写美】 补全句子
④When the teacher woke up in the hospital， she found herself surrounded by her students and .
当老师在医院醒来时，发现自己被学生们围着，感动得哭了。（情感描写）
apart adv.分离，分开adj.分开的，分离的
【教材原句】 As soon as they started to get closer， they hurt each other with their quills， so they had to move apart.
它们一开始靠近就互相用棘刺伤了对方，所以它们不得不分开。
【用法】
apart from 除……之外；除了……外（还有） take ...apart 将……拆卸开/拆分 tell ...apart 分辨出，辨别 tear ...apart 使某人不快；撕毁某物 fall apart 崩溃；土崩瓦解 set sb apart 使某人与众不同
【佳句】 The twins are so alike that it’s difficult to tell them apart.
这对双胞胎长得太像了，很难把他们区分开来。
【点津】 apart from表示“除……之外”时，相当于except， except for；表示“除了……外（还有）”时，相当于besides， in addition to。
【练透】 选用左栏短语并用其适当形式填空
①It me to think I might have made her sad.
②He drives around in an old car that’s .
③Her unusual lifestyle her as a child.
④It is easy to the machine but it is difficult to put it together.
【写美】 补全句子
⑤ ， it is also a good opportunity for me to do some voluntary work.
除了以上原因，这也是一次我做一些志愿工作的好机会。（申请信）
Part Ⅱ 重点句型解构
句型公式：so that引导目的状语从句
【教材原句】 Stop for a moment and consider that perhaps your friend wants some frank comments from you so that they can improve.Or perhaps， they need to know that they should look for a different hobby.停下来想一想，也许你的朋友就是想听到你的真实评价，从而改进和提高。又或者，应该让他知道自己需要换一个爱好了。
【用法】
（1）so that引导目的状语从句时，从句常和情态动词may/might， can/could， should， would等连用。 （2）so that还可以引导结果状语从句，意为“因此，所以”，主从句之间可用逗号隔开。
【品悟】 We should read more books so that we can get more knowledge.
我们应当多读书，以便可以获得更多知识。
【点津】 in order that也可以引导目的状语从句，相当于so that，如果更正式，可以用“in order to＋动词原形”替换。
【写美】 微写作/一句多译
①我们很早就去了电影院，结果我们坐到了好位置。
We went to the cinema very early， .
②他每天努力学习以便能考试及格。
→He studies hard every day .
→He studies hard every day .
→ ， he studies hard every day.
句型公式：every time引导时间状语从句
【教材原句】 Perhaps the meal you said was “delicious” will be served every time you visit.
也许被你评价为“很好吃”的菜肴会在你每次到访时都出现在餐桌上。
【用法】
句中every time you visit为名词词组every time引导的时间状语从句，every time相当于whenever，表示“每次……”。 名词词组作连词用，引导时间状语从句的还有： （1）由time构成的名词词组：each time， the first/last time， next time， any time等； （2）the＋瞬间名词： the minute/instant/moment等； （3）the＋时间名词：the day/week/year/spring/summer/autumn/winter等。
【品悟】 I think of the happy time we spent together every time I see these photos.
＝I think of the happy time we spent together each time I see these photos.
每次看到这些照片，我都会想起我们一起度过的美好时光。
【写美】 微写作/句型转换
①第一次和简见面，我们就谈了很多关于学习的事，就好像是老朋友一样。
， we talked a lot about study as if we had been old friends.
②每次我有麻烦的时候，他都会来帮我一把。
， he would come to help me out.
③上次我去拜访他时，他碰巧外出了。
He happened to be out .
④I was so familiar with him that I recognised his voice as soon as I picked up the phone.
→I was so familiar with him that I recognised his voice I picked up the phone.
提示：完成课后作业 UNIT 1 Section Ⅲ
9 / 9UNIT 1 Knowing me， knowing you
在人生不同的年龄段，我们会结交不同的朋友，而在学生时代结交的朋友对我们来说更是弥足珍贵。本文作者分享了她在高中时期的交友经历与感悟。一起来看看吧！
Senior high is a small part in your whole life but it has a huge impact on who you will become and where you will go.As time goes on， the number of friends you connect with after senior high slowly diminishes （减少）.People begin different pathways and go in different directions.Social media can be a key to maintaining friendly contacts after senior high.However， social media cannot replace good face-to-face relationships.Let’s learn what really matters in true friendship from me.Helen， Class of 2016 graduate and now a senior high teacher.
I am currently in contact with two senior high friends.I think the friendship experiences I had in senior high have shaped who I am today because I learned to be open-minded and befriend all kinds of people.I learned to see people for who they are， not what they wear or who they hang out with.Most of all， I learned how to be a good friend.
Throughout my senior high life， one individual has shaped who I am today.I met Lily in the second semester of Grade 2.She came into my life after my chemistry teacher switched us to the same lab table.We became friends almost immediately and connected on a deeper level.
Before I met Lily， I was dealing with one of the lowest points of my life.And every day was a struggle for me when I got out of bed.However， she was there for me when my relationship with my family became difficult and my “friends” began spreading rumors about me.
Lily gave me the care and guidance to show me the way to be happy.She saw me develop into a whole new person.Without her， I am not sure where I would be today.I would not have got the joy she brought to my school life in Grades 2 and 3.
【理解】
1.According to the first paragraph， what does the author think of social media？
2.According to the text， what can we know about the author？
【积累】
1.have a huge impact on 对……有很大影响
2.replace vt. 代替
3.matter v. 要紧，有重大关系
4.shape vt. 塑造，使成形
5.hang out 闲逛
6.guidance n. 指导
2 / 2Section Ⅱ Using language
过去分词（短语）作状语
①Embarrassed and ashamed， I can’t concentrate on anything.
②Treated this way， you’re sure to feel hurt ...
③Filled with anger， you tend to say whatever comes to your mind.
④Although wounded all over， the brave soldiers continued to fight.
⑤Followed by his wolf-dog， the hunter walked slowly in the forest.
⑥He was found lying on the ground， his hands tied.
【我的发现】
1.句①－⑤中的过去分词分别在句中作 状语、 状语、 状语、 状语和 状语。
2.过去分词表示 或 的动作。作状语时，可以 使用，如句①、句②、句③和句⑤；也可以在其前面加上适当的 ，如句④。
3.过去分词的逻辑主语必须与句子的主语 ，如果不一致，我们常在过去分词前加上其逻辑主语，构成 ，如句⑥。
一、过去分词（短语）作状语的用法
1.过去分词（短语）作状语的类型
过去分词（短语）表示被动，表示动作已经完成，其逻辑主语往往为句子的主语。过去分词（短语）作状语时，可单独使用，也可以在其前面加上适当的连词，可表示原因、条件、让步、时间、方式、伴随等。过去分词作方式状语或伴随状语时可以变为并列分句，作其他状语时可以变为相应的状语从句。
状语类型 例句
原因状语 Encouraged by his teacher， the naughty boy began to concentrate on class. →As the naughty boy was encouraged by his teacher， he began to concentrate on class. 由于受到老师的鼓舞，这个淘气的男孩开始集中精力听课了。
条件状语 Given more time，we could help the injured man out. →If we were given more time， we could help the injured man out. 如果多给我们点时间，我们会帮这位伤员摆脱困境。
让步状语 Wounded seriously，the brave soldier didn’t let out screams of pain. →Although he was wounded seriously，the brave soldier didn’t let out screams of pain. 尽管受伤严重，那位勇敢的战士也未发出痛苦的叫声。
时间状语 Discussed many times，the problems were settled at last. →After they were discussed many times，the problems were settled at last. 多次讨论之后，这些问题终于被解决了。
方式状语 The old man walked into the room，supported by his son. →The old man walked into the room and was supported by his son. 这位老人在儿子的搀扶下走进了房间。
伴随状语 Mrs Wu rushed in breathlessly，followed by her daughter. →Mrs Wu rushed in breathlessly and she was followed by her daughter. 吴太太上气不接下气地冲了进来，她的女儿紧跟其后。
2.过去分词（短语）作状语的位置
过去分词（短语）作状语时，通常放在句首或句末，有时也可放在句中，常用逗号与句子其他部分隔开。
He stood there silently， moved to tears.
＝Moved to tears， he stood there silently.
他静静地站在那里，被感动地热泪盈眶。
【即时演练1】 写出下列句中黑体部分所充当的状语类型
①Clearly and thoughtfully written， the book inspires confidence in students who wish to seek their own answers.
②Time， used correctly， is money in the bank.
③Seated at the table， his father and he were talking about his job.
④When given a medical examination， you should keep calm.
二、过去分词（短语）作状语的注意事项
1.过去分词（短语）作状语时，有时为了强调，前面可带有连词，如： when， while， if， though， as if， unless等，构成“连词＋过去分词”结构，以使句意表达得更清楚。
Unless constantly repeated， the English words are easily forgotten.这些英语单词很容易忘记，除非不断地重复（记忆）。
When asked why she came here， the girl kept silent.
当被问到为何来这儿时，那个女孩保持沉默。
He began to cry as if bitten by a snake.
他开始大叫起来，好像被蛇咬了。
2.过去分词（短语）作状语时，其逻辑主语必须与句子的主语保持一致，否则需加上自己的主语构成独立主格结构。
Employed in reading， he didn’t notice me come in.他专心读书，没有注意到我进来。
He was listening attentively in class， his eyes fixed on the blackboard.
他课上专心听讲，眼睛紧盯着黑板。（his eyes fixed on the blackboard为独立主格结构，fix的逻辑主语是his eyes）
3.有些形容词化的过去分词，作状语时不强调被动而重在描述主语的状态。这样的过去分词（短语）常见的有lost（迷失的），seated （坐下来的），hidden （隐藏的），lost/absorbed in （沉浸于），dressed in （穿着），tired of （厌烦）等。
Lost in thought， he didn’t hear the bell.
由于陷入沉思之中，他没有听到铃声。
【即时演练2】 补全句子
① ， the scientist didn’t give up.
尽管再次被打败了，但这位科学家并没有放弃。
②Children， ， are allowed to enter the stadium.
孩子们由他们的父母陪同时才可以进入这个体育场。
③ ， he couldn’t fall asleep.
由于担心儿子的安全，他难以入眠。
④ ， the bus started at once.
信号一发出，公共汽车就立刻开动了。
三、过去分词与现在分词作状语的区别
过去分词作状语 过去分词所表示的动作与句子主语之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，即表示被动 过去分词所表示的动作往往发生于谓语动词所表示的动作之前，或表示“一种状态”，与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生或存在
现在分词作状语 现在分词所表示的动作与句子的主语之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，即表示主动 现在分词的一般式表示的动作与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生或几乎同时发生；现在分词的完成式表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前
Seen from the top of the tower， our city looks more beautiful.
从塔顶上看，我们的城市看起来更漂亮。（主语our city和see之间是被动关系）
Seeing from the top of the tower，we can get a wonderful view of our city.
从塔顶我们可以饱览城市的美景。（主语we和see之间是主动关系）
名师点津
过去分词与现在分词的完成被动式（having been done）作状语时，都具有被动意义，有时可以互换，但是having been done结构强调动作先于句子的谓语动词所表示的动作。
Examined carefully， the patient was sent to the operation room.
＝Having been examined carefully， the patient was sent to the operation room.
仔细检查之后，那个病人被送进了手术室。
【即时演练3】 单句语法填空
① （hesitate） over whether to leave or not， the child stayed where he was.
② （inspire） by his words， they have decided to try their best to achieve what they want.
③Through his whole life， Charles Dickens created a sea of literary works， （reveal） a wide range of social issues in Great Britain in the 19th century.
annoyed adj.恼怒的，烦恼的
【教材原句】 Prevented from playing her role in Riley’s emotional development， Sadness feels annoyed.
由于无法在莱利的情感发展过程中起主导作用，悲伤感到很烦恼。
【用法】
（1）be annoyed with sb 对某人生气 be annoyed at/about sth 因某事而生气 be annoyed to do/that ... 因为……而生气 （2）annoy vt. 使恼怒；打扰 annoying adj. 令人恼怒的，令人烦恼的 （3）annoyance n. 烦恼；令人烦恼的事；打扰 to one’s annoyance 令某人生气的是
【佳句】 She was annoyed at/about being disturbed in the middle of the night.
她因半夜被打扰感到很恼火。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①The news was so （annoy） that it ruined my whole day.
②He was annoyed （learn） that the train would be delayed.
③Meg was annoyed me because I forgot to stop and buy bread on my way home.
【写美】 补全句子
④ ， he found his friend hadn’t waited for him.
让他生气的是，他发现他的朋友没有等他。
adjust v.适应，（使）习惯；调整
【教材原句】 When Riley moves to a new city， she has a hard time adjusting to her new surroundings.
当莱利搬到一个新城市时，她很难适应新环境。
【用法】
（1）adjust ...to ... 调整……以适应…… adjust to （doing） sth 适应于（做）某事 adjust oneself to 使自己适应于…… （2）adjustment n. 调整；调节；适应 make adjustments/an adjustment to 对……作出调整 （3）adjustable adj. 可调节的 an adjustable chair 一把可调节的椅子
【佳句】 This kind of desk can be adjusted to the height you need.
这种桌子可以根据你的需要调节高度。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①It clearly showed that while likability can lead to healthy （adjust）， high status has just the opposite effect on us.
②When a child is studying abroad， he must learn to adjust to （live） on his own.
【写美】 补全句子
③You’d better learn some basic Chinese before you come.That way， you can in Beijing soon.
你最好在来之前学习一些基本的汉语，那样你就能很快地适应北京的生活。（建议信）
by accident 偶然，意外地
【教材原句】 Sadness wants to do her duty but by accident causes the loss of Riley’s happy core memories with Joy.悲伤想尽自己的责任，但却意外地让莱莉的快乐核心记忆丧失。
【用法】
by chance＝accidentally 偶然，意外地 by design＝on purpose 有意地，故意地 by mistake 错误地
【佳句】 What you should remember is that success in your life doesn’t happen by accident； it’s actually the result of your hard work.
你应该记住：你人生中的成功不是偶然发生的，它实际上是你努力的结果。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①You sometimes hurt your family members or friends accident but I’m sure you don’t hurt them purpose.
②Our English teacher （accident） found the headmaster attending her lecture.
【写美】 补全句子
③I took someone else’s bag at the station yesterday.
昨天在车站我误拿了别人的包。
forgive v.原谅，宽恕
【教材原句】 Try to forgive someone when they apologise.当别人道歉时，试着原谅他们。
【用法】
（1）forgive sb sth 宽恕某人某事 forgive sb for （doing） sth 原谅某人（做）某事 forgive one’s doing sth 原谅某人做某事 forgive and forget 不念旧恶；不记仇 （2）forgiveness n. 原谅
【佳句】 We forgave him for his rudeness as he was so young.因为他如此年轻，我们原谅了他的无礼。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①Forgive my （interrupt）， but I really don’t agree with you.
②The shy girl didn’t know how to ask for her mother’s （forgive）.
【写美】 补全句子
③It is a virtue to .
不记仇是一种美德。
embarrassment n.尴尬，难为情
【教材原句】 It’s not a good idea to criticise someone in front of others.This can cause embarrassment.
当着别人的面批评人是不对的。这会引起尴尬。
【用法】
（1）to one’s embarrassment令某人尴尬的是 （2）embarrass v. 使尴尬 （3）embarrassed adj. 尴尬的；陷入困境的 be embarrassed about/at ... 对……感到难为情 be embarrassed to do sth 对做某事感到尴尬 （4）embarrassing adj. 令人尴尬的；使人难堪的
【佳句】 We should learn to communicate in a kinder way with people who are sensitive about what others say to avoid embarrassment.
我们应该学会以一种更友善的方式与那些对别人说的话很敏感的人交流，以避免尴尬。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①As he entered the room， all the people became silent， which made him very （embarrass）.
②His sudden appearance made me in an （embarrass） situation.
③Her face turned red with （embarrass） when I asked when she would marry.
【写美】 补全句子
④ ， she couldn’t understand the instructions on the bottle.
令她尴尬的是，她不能理解瓶子上的说明。
提示：完成课后作业 UNIT 1 Section Ⅱ
6 / 6单元素养提升
◇本单元语法学了什么内容？ ◇自我评价
◇本单元写作练了哪个方面？
回顾单元知识·提高语言能力
一、核心单词
1. n. 蒸汽，水蒸气
2. v. 使（船）沉没
3. n. 责任，过错
4. n. 计谋，策略；行动计划
5. n. 信号；暗号
6. n. 职责，义务；责任
7. n. 意外事件，偶然因素
8. v. 原谅，宽恕
9. n. 拳击（运动）
10. v. 证明（别人认为不合理的事）有道理；为……辩护
11. n. 眼泪，泪水
12. adv. 此外，而且
13. adv. 分离，分开
14. n. 栅栏，围栏，篱笆
Ⅰ.选用左栏单词并用其适当形式填空
1.Hearing the news， she closed her eyes tightly in an attempt to hold back the .
2.Before the ship ， some of the passengers were able to leave in time for the lifeboats.
3.The two girls are so alike that strangers find it difficult to tell them .
4.When he apologised to his teacher for being late， the teacher him immediately.
5.According to the report presented by the police， the cause of the car was given as an engine failure.
6.In school life， sometimes it’s not our when misunderstandings occur among classmates.
7.While waiting for the opportunity to get promoted， Henry did his best to perform his .
二、拓展单词
1. adj.说话随便（轻率）的→loosely adv.宽松地；松散地
2. v.解决（问题、困难）→solve v.解决，处理
3. n.呼出的气→breathe v.呼吸
4. n.忧虑，担心→concerned adj.担心的→concerning prep.关于
5. adj.恼怒的，烦恼的→annoy vt.使恼怒；使生气→annoying adj.令人恼怒的
6. v.适应，（使）习惯→adjustment n.调整，调节
7. v.确保，保证→sure adj.确定的
8. n.复杂性，错综复杂→complex adj.复杂的
9. v.批评，指责→criticism n.批评，指责
10. n.尴尬，难为情→embarrass vt.使尴尬→embarrassed adj.尴尬的
11. adj.坦率的，坦诚的，直言不讳的→frankly adv.坦率地，坦诚地
12. adj.独立的→independence n.独立
Ⅱ.用所给单词的适当形式填空
1.Tom （frank） admitted his mistakes for being mean to his best friend.
2.In times of crisis， it is crucial for emergency services to respond promptly and efficiently to （sure） the safety of the community.
3.①Teenagers should try to be （depend） of their parents， doing something on their own.
②The country has made great advances since （independent）.
4.①Team leaders must ensure that all members get over their natural desire to avoid the （embarrass） associated with making mistakes.
②It was the chief editor’s mean remarks that brought us into an （embarrass） silence.
5.①Your teacher seems to be （annoy）.Going to his office now is to ask for trouble.
②It’s （annoy）that we didn’t know about this before.
三、重点短语
1. 帮一把
2. 使失望，辜负
3. 发泄怒火，宣泄情绪
4. 生……的气；对……发脾气
5. 一定要
6. 向……道歉
7. 与……交流
8. 做好分内事，尽责
9. 善意的谎言
10. 撒谎
11. 保护……免受……的伤害
12. 说实话
13. 多大程度上
14. 即使
15. 瞒着某人某事
16. 吸一口气
Ⅲ.选用左栏短语并用其适当形式填空
1.Despite their hard work， the team felt by the lack of recognition from the school for their achievements.
2.It took nearly a day before he realised his mistakes and his friend Peter.
3.When the disease broke out， he headed back from abroad immediately to .
4.They need to each other more than ever before so they can understand one another at a time of rapid global change.
5.In life， we sometimes tell to avoid hurting others’ feelings.
6.He wouldn’t leave the TV set， he was going to have an important exam the next day.
7.When men ， they tend to shout； women， on the other hand， express their feelings by weeping.
四、经典句式
1.形容词短语作原因状语
（既尴尬又羞愧）， I can’t concentrate on anything.
2.whatever引导宾语从句
Filled with anger， you tend to say （你想到什么）.
3.so that引导目的状语从句
Stop for a moment and consider that perhaps your friend wants some frank comments from you （从而他们能改进）.
4.every time引导时间状语从句
Perhaps the meal you said was “delicious” will be served （在你每次到访时）.
Ⅳ.补全句子
1. ， she can’t walk any further distance.
又累又渴，她再也走不动了。
2.Ray is a new graduate， and it seems that he has difficulty in dealing with .
Ray刚刚大学毕业，他似乎难以处理出现的任何问题。
3.You must speak louder .
你必须再说大声点，以便大家都能听见你。
4. ， she was checking our homework carefully.
每次我在办公室看到马老师，她都在仔细检查我们的作业。
整合话题元素·增强思维品质
1.A good neighbor is better than a brother far off.远亲不如近邻。
2.As you salute， you will be saluted.
敬人者，人敬之。
3.As distance tests a horse’s strength， so time reveals a person’s heart.
路遥知马力，日久见人心。
4.It’s important for us to communicate with each other and share our happiness and sorrow.
对我们来说，互相交流、分享快乐和悲伤很重要。
5.You can judge a person by the company he keeps.
近朱者赤，近墨者黑。
6.An ounce of praise is worth a pound of scolding.
良言一句三冬暖，恶语伤人六月寒。
7.Govern your thoughts when alone， and your tongue when in company.
一人独处慎于思，与人相处慎于言。
8.Depend on your parents at home， and rely on your friends outside.
在家靠父母，出门靠朋友。
4 / 4Section Ⅳ Writing an essay
Step 1 品教材范文 Step 2 析写作手法
The Porcupine Dilemma is written by German philosopher Schopenhauer.The fable describes a group of porcupines gathering together to keep warm.If they get too close， their quills hurt each other， while if they move apart they feel cold.After trying several times， they find the ideal distance.The fable teaches us that there should be boundaries in interpersonal relationships. Though it is an old fable， it casts a light on us even today.We all value friendship， but have you considered that we need boundaries with our friends？ One example from real life is like this.Once I thought friends should get close to each other， the closer the better.Ma Jing is the first friend I made at senior high.At first， I thought since we were friends， she had to share the same ideas as mine.So I always followed her， wanted to know her opinion on everything and tried to persuade her when she had a different idea.Soon， we started quarrelling.“You’re so annoying！” she shouted angrily after a quarrel.How could I become annoying？I felt hurt and discussed it with another friend.Then I realised it was my problem.I had been getting too close to her and leaving her no room for herself.Since then， I stopped following her so much and I found our friendship repaired.Now I have realised that friends need to have boundaries and respect each other， no matter how close we are. In conclusion， in order to make our friendship last long， we have to find the proper distance between us and our friends， close enough to understand each other， far enough to respect each other. 学语言： 1.使用连词while（然而）引出“如果分开，它们会感觉很冷”，与上文形成对比，使表达更加形象。 2.使用宾语从句总结出这则寓言的寓意，表达非常简洁、明了。 3.使用从属连词Though引导的让步状语从句，引出自己的观点，使下文的举例更加自然。 4.使用At first， Soon， Then， Since then， Now等过渡性词语，使故事的叙述更有逻辑。 5.no matter how ...让步状语从句的使用，强调了不管我们多么亲密，朋友之间都应该有界限，应该互相尊重。 6.文章末段用介词短语In conclusion对本文进行了总结，使文章结构紧凑合理。 学结构： Introduction： original author and summary of the fable → Main body：viewpoint and supporting examples in real life → Conclusion
Step 3 背出彩佳句
精彩开头
1.This fable describes a story between a wolf and a goat.
这则寓言讲述了一匹狼和一只山羊的故事。
2.The story about Mr Ye and the dragon goes like this.
叶公与龙之间的故事是这样的。
3.We all know the story about the farmer and the snake.
我们都知道农夫与蛇的故事。
丰满主体
1.We have all surely had the experience of being cheated by people around us.
我们肯定都有过被我们身边的人欺骗的经历。
2.One of the main reasons for doing so is that we trust others so easily.
这样做的其中一个主要原因就是我们太容易相信别人。
3.No one can prove to us to what extent we can believe it.
没人可以给我们证明我们可以在多大程度上相信它。
余味结尾
1.In conclusion， I’d like to point out that we should never show mercy on people who are as evil as the snake.
总之，我想指出我们决不要可怜像蛇一样恶毒的人。
2.After reading it， I find every second in life is very precious.
读完后，我发现生命中的每一秒都是宝贵的。
3.We should spare no effort to study and overcome the difficulties before us.我们应该不遗余力地学习，并克服我们面前的困难。
读下面经典寓言故事《农夫与蛇》（The Farmer and the Snake），请你写一篇文章，内容包括：
1.你对这则寓言的理解；
2.举例说明；
3.总结并思考。
Once upon a time， on a cold winter day， the farmer who had gone home from the market found a snake on the roadside.He thought it was frozen and stiff （僵硬的）， so he put it in his arms and let it wake up.The snake was frightened， and when it fully recovered， it instinctively bit the farmer and finally killed the farmer.Before he died， the farmer regretted very much and said sadly， “I want to do good， but because of my shallow knowledge， I hurt my life， so I got this kind of reward.”
注意：1.写作词数应为80左右；
2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
一、审题谋篇，结构分明
明确体裁 论说文——寓言读后感
确定时态 和人称 表达观点应用一般现在时，介绍自己的经历应以一般过去时为主； 人称以第一人称为主
布局文章 架构 第一段：开门见山，简要介绍寓言故事； 第二段：写出论点，并举出正面或者反面的例证； 第三段：得出结论并总结评论主题的相关意义
二、要点陈述，语言规范
1.《农夫与蛇》给我留下了深刻的印象。
2.一个农夫救了一条冻僵的蛇。
3.蛇最终把他杀死了。
4.我们许多人都有过被我们曾经帮一把的人伤害的经历。
5.有些老年人不感谢这些帮助他们的人。
6.他们欺骗帮助他们的人，并伤害他们以此获利。
7.这让公众很生气。
8.但另一方面，一些处在困境中的人因缺少及时帮助而死去。
9.坦率地说，伸出我们的援助之手是重要的。
10.但记住去帮助真正需要帮助的人。
三、句间衔接，过渡自然
1.用非限制性定语从句把要点2和3合成一个句子。
2.用instead of 和定语从句合并要点5、6和7。
四、检查誊写，卷面整洁
情感描写 agony n.痛楚，苦难 concern n.忧虑，担心 annoyed adj.恼怒的，烦恼的 embarrassment n.尴尬，难为情 tear n.眼泪，泪水
动作描写 help out 帮一把 take a breath 吸一口气 ensure v.确保，保证 forgive v.原谅，宽恕 criticise v.批评，指责 deceive v.欺骗 justify v.证明（别人认为不合理的事）有道理；为……辩护 sink v.使（船）沉没；（心情）变得沉重；（情绪）变低落 let down 使失望，辜负 let off steam 发泄怒火，宣泄情绪
人物性格描写 frank adj.坦率的，坦诚的，直言不讳的 independent adj.独立的
一、翻译句子
1.Tom快速走出商店，既开心又担心。
2.他担心会让妈妈失望，担心妈妈会生气。
3.思虑再三，他决定把书归还商店。
4.他深吸一口气，走进商店，尴尬地拿出书：“请原谅我没有付钱拿走了这本书。”
5.令他震惊的是，店主没有批评他，而是承诺把书送给他，条件是他在店里打两天工。
6.回到家，Tom把一切告诉了妈妈。妈妈抱住Tom，流下了愉快的眼泪。
二、连句成篇
提示：完成课后作业 UNIT 1 Section Ⅳ
4 / 4学习讲义部分
UNIT 1 Knowing me， knowing you
单元话题导入
1.It is less important than face-to-face relationships.
2.She used to have difficulty facing each new day.
Section Ⅰ Starting out & Understanding ideas
【文本透析·剖语篇】
第一步
1.teammate 2.performance 3.embarrassed 4.ashamed 5.the point guard 6.think 7.speak
第二步
1－6 DACCAC
第三步
1.（1）I’m crazy about basketball， and pretty good at it too， which is probably why I was so mad when we lost our last match.
（2）We played well，but I felt the team were let down by one member， our point guard.
（3）Disappointed by his behaviour， I said all this to my best friend.
（4）I was just letting off steam really， because I was so angry， but then my friend went and told everyone else what I’d said.
（5）Embarrassed and ashamed， I can’t concentrate on anything.
2.（1）Treated this way， you’re sure to feel hurt — we should always be able to trust those closest to us， and it hurts even more when we find we can’t.
（2）It is understandable in that situation， but we should always think before we speak.
3.（1）There is an old American saying， “Loose lips sink ships.”
（2）The situation here is so much worse because the “loose lips” were your best friend’s.
（3）You admit that you were “letting off steam”.
第四步
1.If one speaks carelessly about private or sensitive information， someone could hear and use it to damage or ruin something important.
2.Yes.I was once very angry with my deskmate for breaking my favourite cup by accident.I complained to my friend about it.Unfortunately， my friend told others my complaint， which made me very embarrassed.I realise that I shouldn’t say too much when I am angry.
第五步
1.原因状语 宾语
我其实只是想发泄一下怒气，因为我太生气了，可我的朋友随后却把我的话告诉了所有人。
2.条件状语 宾语
如果你们以后篮球比赛还想赢球（我肯定你们一定想赢！），你们就必须团结合作，这就意味着你们彼此之间必须沟通清楚，解决矛盾。
3.原因状语 宾语
满腔怒火的时候，你往往想到什么就说什么。
【核心知识·巧突破】
核心词汇集释
1.①up ②a ③messy ④in a mess
2.①wondering ②out ③can’t help but face failure
④is of great help； is very helpful
3.①of ②alone ③out ④let you down
4.①faulty ②at ③for ④find fault with
5.①took a deep breath ②held their breath
③took my breath away ④out of breath/breathless
6.①about/for ②concerns ③concerned
④As/So far as I’m concerned
重点句型解构
1.①Eager to improve ②Surprised and happy
2.①……之后才…… ②还没来得及……就……
③It will be half a year before ④It wasn’t long before
⑤It was a long time before ⑥won’t go home before
⑦before you make a decision
3.①Whoever climbs to the top of the hill first
②Whatever you do； No matter what you do
Section Ⅱ Using language
【重难语法·要攻克】
我的发现
1.原因 条件 时间 让步 方式
2.被动 已经完成 单独 连词
3.保持一致 独立主格结构
即时演练1
①原因状语 ②条件状语 ③方式状语 ④时间状语
即时演练2
①Although defeated again ②when accompanied by their parents ③Concerned about his son’s safety
④The signal given
即时演练3
①Hesitating ②Inspired ③revealing
【知识要点·须拾遗】
1.①annoying ②to learn ③with ④To his annoyance
2.①adjustment ②living ③adjust yourself to the life
3.①by； on ②accidentally ③by mistake
4.①interrupting ②forgiveness ③forgive and forget
5.①embarrassed ②embarrassing ③embarrassment
④To her embarrassment
Section Ⅲ Developing ideas
【文本透析·剖语篇】
第一步
1.feel better 2.ourselves 3.encouragement 4.frank
5.different 6.bad news
第二步
1－6 ADCBCC
第三步
Written more than two hundred years ago， these lines by Walter Scott remain one of the most well-known excerpts of Scottish poetry：
Oh， what a tangled web we weave，
When first we practise to deceive！
第四步
1.It depends on what thing we will tell.If it brings some bad results， I think we’d better tell the truth.
2.A white lie refers to a lie that is told in order to be polite or to stop someone from being upset by the truth or to encourage someone.
3.For example， whenever my mother cooks meat， she often says that she doesn’t like eating meat.In fact， she says so to save the meat and allow us to eat more.
第五步
1.宾语 宾语
我们都知道诚实是一项重要品质，也知道说谎是不对的。但是谁又能诚实地说自己从来没有说过谎呢？
2.时间状语 宾语 定语 meal
但是，当我们撒谎说某人的发型很好看，或者说不合我们口味的菜很好吃时，我们真的是在为别人着想吗？
3.省略了关系代词that/which的定语 时间状语
也许被你评价为“很好吃”的菜肴会在你每次到访时都出现在餐桌上。
【核心知识·巧突破】
核心词汇集释
1.①with ②Frankly
③Honestly speaking； To tell the truth
2.①in ②down ③tore ④was moved to tears
3.①tears； apart ②falling apart ③set； apart ④take； apart
⑤Apart from/Besides/In addition to the reasons above
重点句型解构
1.①so that we got good seats ②in order that/so that he can pass the exam； in order to/so as to pass the exam； In order to pass the exam
2.①The first time I met Jane ②Every time I was in trouble
③last time I called on him ④the moment/instant/minute
Section Ⅳ Writing an essay
【演练佳作·写美文】
写作步骤
二、1.I am deeply impressed with/by The Farmer and the Snake.
2.A farmer saved a frozen snake.
3.The snake killed him at last.
4.Many of us have had the experience of being hurt by the people we ever helped out.
5.Some old people were not grateful to the people who helped them.
6.They deceived the people who helped them， hurt them and got a lot of money.
7.It made the public very annoyed.
8.But on the other hand， some people in trouble died for lack of timely help.
9.Frankly speaking，it is very important to extend our helping hands.
10.But remember to help the people who are really in need.
三、1.A farmer saved a frozen snake， which killed him at last.
2.Instead of being grateful to the people who helped them， some old people deceived them， hurt them and got a lot of money， which made the public very annoyed.
四、
I am deeply impressed with/by The Farmer and the Snake.The fable goes like this：A farmer saved a frozen snake， which killed him at last.
Many of us have had the experience of being hurt by the people we ever helped out.Instead of being grateful to the people who helped them，some old people deceived them， hurt them and got a lot of money， which made the public very annoyed.But on the other hand， some people in trouble died for lack of timely help.
Frankly speaking， it is very important to extend our helping hands.But remember to help the people who are really in need.
【教材词汇·练续写】
一、1.Tom walked out of the store quickly，happy and concerned.
2.He was concerned that he would let his mother down and his mother would be annoyed.
3.Thinking twice， he resolved to return the book to the store.
4.He took a deep breath， walked into the store and took out the book in embarrassment，“Please forgive me for taking the book without paying the money.”
5.To his shock，the owner didn’t criticise him but promised to give the book to him on condition that he would work in his store for two days.
6.Arriving home，Tom told everything to his mother.The mother put her arms around Tom，tears of joy rolling down.
二、
Tom walked out of the store quickly， happy and concerned.He was concerned that he would let his mother down and his mother would be annoyed.Thinking twice， he resolved to return the book to the store.He took a deep breath，walked into the store and took out the book in embarrassment，“Please forgive me for taking the book without paying the money.” To his shock， the owner didn’t criticise him but promised to give the book to him on condition that he would work in his store for two days.Arriving home，Tom told everything to his mother.The mother put her arms around Tom， tears of joy rolling down.
单元素养提升
回顾单元知识
一、1.steam 2.sink 3.fault 4.strategy 5.signal
6.duty 7.accident 8.forgive 9.boxing 10.justify 11.tear 12.moreover 13.apart 14.fence
Ⅰ.1.tears 2.sank 3.apart 4.forgave 5.accident
6.fault 7.duty
二、1.loose 2.resolve 3.breath 4.concern 5.annoyed 6.adjust 7.ensure 8.complexity 9.criticise
10.embarrassment 11.frank 12.independent
Ⅱ.1.frankly 2.ensure 3.①independent ②independence
4.①embarrassment ②embarrassed
5.①annoyed ②annoying
三、1.help out 2.let down 3.let off steam
4.be angry with 5.be sure to 6.apologise to
7.communicate with 8.pull one’s weight 9.white lies
10.tell a lie 11.protect ...from ... 12.tell the truth 13.to what extent 14.even if/though 15.hide sth from sb 16.take a breath
Ⅲ.1.let down 2.apologised to 3.help out
4.communicate with 5.white lies 6.even if/though
7.let off steam
四、1.Embarrassed and ashamed
2.whatever comes to your mind
3.so that they can improve
4.every time you visit
Ⅳ.1.Tired and thirsty
2.whatever problems arise
3.so that everyone can hear you
4.Every time I saw Miss Ma in the office
UNIT 2 Making a difference
单元话题导入
1.The former owners forgot the existence of the coins.
2.To inspire people in trouble.
Section Ⅰ Starting out & Understanding ideas
【文本透析·剖语篇】
第一步
1.experience 2.raised 3.finished 4.are attracted
5.have benefited from 6.courage
第二步
1－6 BBCCAD
第三步
1.（1）They were grateful to him and invited him to visit.
（2）He also saw hundreds of delighted students who had turned out to welcome him.
（3）At first Ryan was nervous，but soon a great warmth filled him.
（4）He broke into a joyful smile.
2.（1）Two thousand dollars was a lot of money，but Ryan didn’t give up.
（2）He was determined to help other children have clean water.
（3）This insight grew from the determined attitude of a six-year-old boy who had the courage and perseverance to make his dream a reality.
3.（1）Young Ryan thought， “Life is easy for me， but hard for those people.Why don’t I help？”
（2）Ryan understood that a hand pump wouldn’t help the children.What they needed was a well dug near their homes.
（3）Later，Ryan’s experience led him to set up a foundation to encourage more people to help.
第四步
1.I can offer food and hot water to the homeless people， and I can also donate my pocket money to help the children in poor areas.
2.I will turn to some adults around for help instead of helping them by myself because that can make me in the same trouble.
第五步
1.后置定 同位语 words
年仅六岁的加拿大男孩瑞安难以相信老师说的话——在欠发达的非洲国家，许多人都喝不到足够干净的水。
2.时间状语 宾语 it to build a well
瑞安很快就达成了他的第一个目标——挣了70美元。但是当他把这笔钱交给慈善机构的时候，他才得知建一口井实际的花费是2，000美元。
【核心知识·巧突破】
核心词汇集释
1.①building ②contributions ③to ④contribute to
2.①Relieved ②with ③of
④It was a relief to； To my relief
3.①of ②shortage ③for ④In short
4.①effective ②into ③In ④have a great effect on
5.①a ②earned him a good reputation/earned a good reputation for him
6.①donor ②donation ③donated a million dollars to
7.①up ②down ③from ④broke into a smile
重点句型解构
1.①that his health is failing
②that I should stop complaining
③that we will finish the work in such a short time
④that Zhang Wei will keep his promise
2.①with which I wrote down his phone number ②in which my elder brother once studied ③on which ④for which
Section Ⅱ Using language
【重难语法·要攻克】
我的发现
1.单个 前面 过去分词短语 后面
2.②⑥ ③④ ① ⑤
即时演练1
①appointed place ②damaged house ③satisfied smile ④known to everybody ⑤made by the customers
⑥selected from the whole country
即时演练2
①working； studying ②discussed ③being talked
④to be completed ⑤mentioned
【知识要点·须拾遗】
1.①继续 ②开始担当 ③占用（时间） ④takes off
2.①about ②complaining ③of
④much more sensitive to their present situation
3.①with ②generosity ③It’s generous of you to lend
4.①hesitation ②about/over ③recommending
④hesitate to contact
5.①assistance ②assistant
③assist you with； assist you to learn/in learning
Section Ⅲ Developing ideas
【文本透析·剖语篇】
第一步
1.London 2.business 3.safety in Britain 4.military
5.a forgotten journal 6.passed away
第二步
1－5 DCBCA
第三步
（1）It is August 1939， and a group of frightened children are boarding a train at Prague’s Wilson Station.
（2）Their heartbroken parents do not join them.Indeed， they fear they may never see their children again.
（3）A shocked Winton watched as the majority of people rose to their feet.
第四步
1.Because their country was being invaded by Nazi forces and they were in danger of losing their lives.
2.No， I only did what I thought should be done.
第五步
1.独立主格 定语
这些孩子大都是犹太人，他们是尼古拉斯·温顿即将从纳粹手里解救的669名儿童中的一部分。
2.后置定 定语
在布拉格，温顿看到人们生活在绝境中，连生命都受到威胁。
3.非限制性定语 正如……
这恰恰印证了中国的一句古话：仁者寿。
【核心知识·巧突破】
核心词汇集释
1.①to ②in ③aid him in continuing； aid him to continue
2.①to ②on ③rose to our feet
3.①in ②achievement ③achieve his goal
④achieving success
4.①in ②are ③a/the ④minorities ⑤the majority of
5.①as ②to ③treated him for
重点句型解构
①seeing ②arrival ③On/Upon finishing his studies； The moment/minute/instant/second he finished his studies； immediately/directly/instantly he finished his studies
Section Ⅳ Writing a biography
【演练佳作·写美文】
写作步骤
二、1.Mo Yan was born into a poor family in Gaomi，Shandong Province on 17 February 1955.
2.Mo Yan’s original name is Guan Moye，and he showed great interest in reading and calligraphy in his early years.
3.What’s more，not only is he outgoing but he also has a strong sense of humour.
4.After he graduated from the PLA Academy of Arts in 1986，Mo Yan went on further education and received a Master of Arts from Beijing Normal University five years later.
5.With a talent for literature， he won China’s highest literary prize — Mao Dun Literature Prize by his book Frog in 2011.
6.To all Chinese people’s excitement， in 2012 he became the first Chinese writer to be awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature，which would certainly make great contributions to the development of Chinese literature.
三、1.Born into a poor family in Gaomi，Shandong Province on 17 February 1955，Mo Yan，whose original name is Guan Moye， showed great interest in reading and calligraphy in his early years.
2.Having graduated from the PLA Academy of Arts in 1986，Mo Yan went on further education and received a Master of Arts from Beijing Normal University five years later.
四、
Born into a poor family in Gaomi，Shandong Province on 17 February 1955，Mo Yan，whose original name is Guan Moye， showed great interest in reading and calligraphy in his early years. What’s more， not only is he outgoing but he also has a strong sense of humour.
Having graduated from the PLA Academy of Arts in 1986， Mo Yan went on further education and received a Master of Arts from Beijing Normal University five years later. With a talent for literature， he won China’s highest literary prize — Mao Dun Literature Prize by his book Frog in 2011.
To all Chinese people’s excitement，in 2012 he became the first Chinese writer to be awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature，which would certainly make great contributions to the development of Chinese literature.
【教材词汇·练续写】
一、1.Paul shouted through the window，“Get in the car quickly！”
2.Mac jumped off the bicycle and into the back seat of the car without hesitation.
3.With his assistance， Mac was safe.
4.“Oh，my god，my friends are still repairing the bicycle！” shouted Mac.
5.Paul drove the car back quickly.
6.Luckily，a few minutes later，they found the other two cyclists.
7.Mac breathed a sigh of relief and said to Paul， “Without your generous assistance， I would be the dinner of the wolf.”
8.Hearing this， Paul broke into a smile.
二、
Paul shouted through the window，“Get in the car quickly！” Mac jumped off the bicycle and into the back seat of the car without hesitation.With his assistance， Mac was safe.“Oh， my god， my friends are still repairing the bicycle！” shouted Mac.Paul drove the car back quickly.Luckily，a few minutes later，they found the other two cyclists.Mac breathed a sigh of relief and said to Paul，“Without your generous assistance， I would be the dinner of the wolf.” Hearing this， Paul broke into a smile.
单元素养提升
回顾单元知识
一、1.internal 2.fund 3.recycle 4.foundation 5.insight
6.extend 7.mission 8.disease 9.territory
10.sensitive 11.generous 12.royal 13.institution
14.aid 15.temporary 16.military 17.obtain
18.certificate 19.further
Ⅰ.1.Aided 2.sensitive 3.temporary 4.certificate
5.further 6.diseases 7.Royal 8.institution
二、1.contribution 2.relief 3.shortage 4.effective
5.earn 6.donate 7.reality 8.disability 9.hesitate
10.assistance 11.registration 12.confirmation
13.achievement 14.chief 15.major 16.treatment
Ⅱ.1.effective 2.contribution 3.①hesitation ②hesitated
4.①achievement ②achieved 5.①relief ②to relieve
6.①reality ②really 7.①majority ②majored
8.①disability ②disabled
三、1.set up 2.be determined to do 3.make a difference 4.benefit from ... 5.hesitate to do sth 6.come up with
7.play an important role in ... 8.escape from ...
9.in danger 10.keep records of 11.serve as 12.take sb in
13.at one point 14.rise to one’s feet 15.pass away
Ⅲ.1.come up with 2.make a difference 3.set up
4.pass away 5.keep records of 6.At one point
7.benefit from
四、1.that many people in developing African countries couldn’t get enough clean water
2.with which a well was built near a primary school in Uganda
3.not “Why don’t I help？”，but “How can I help today？”
4.On leaving school
Ⅳ.1.that the sports meeting would be postponed
2.without which I couldn’t enter the theatre
3.Not you but he
4.On/Upon entering the room
UNIT 3 The world of science
单元话题导入
1.The two basic kinds of public Wi-Fi networks.
2.①Avoid shopping online.
②Keep personal information hidden well.
③Stop someone from looking at our devices.
Section Ⅰ Starting out & Understanding ideas
【文本透析·剖语篇】
第一步
1.title 2.past 3.gunpowder 4.the compass
5.the telephone 6.tech-based 7.walking house
8.inventors 9.solution 10.create
第二步
1－5 BACBB
第三步
1.（1）New inventions like 3D printers have been used to make replacement hearts and bone parts.
（2）In terms of the environment， it is now possible to create an intelligent walking house.
（3）It is capable of using GPS technology to travel to different places， with computing technology controlling its “legs”.
（4）What’s more， huge advances in solar technology mean it can be eco-friendly， too.
2.But what remains important is that we have an incredible desire to think and create， and that’s the real spirit of invention.
3.（1）For example， advances in virtual reality and wearable tech， as well as the flexible battery， mean we should soon be seeing further developments.
（2）But， as they say， “Never say never！”
第四步
1.Yes， I do.Thanks to computer power， important advances have been made.
2.As a senior high school student， I should make full use of time to learn knowledge.
第五步
1.宾语 宾语
书名提示现在是发明创造的新时代，但可能很多人都认为辉煌的发明时代已经结束了。
2.非限制性定语
古代轮子的发明无疑也是如此，后来演变为汽车。
【核心知识·巧突破】
核心词汇集释
1.①pressure ②to reveal ③put too much pressure on me
2.①capability ②of ③Capable of speaking/With a capability to speak fluent English
3.①（should） call ②to have ③to tell
④have a strong desire to learn Chinese well
重点句型解构
1.①found the young man （to be） very capable ②found her pet cat lying ③find it impossible to build
2.①with a book under his arm
②With a guide showing us around ③with the door closed
④With more and more forests damaged
3.①What was it that ②Was it because Jack came late for school that ③It is your sense of responsibility that
④It was not until he went to America as an exchange student that
Section Ⅱ Using language
【重难语法·要攻克】
我的发现
1.现在完成时的被动语态
2.肯定 否定 一般疑问 特殊疑问
即时演练1
①has been brought about ②have been sent into space ③have been introduced ④Have the children been told ⑤have been produced
即时演练2
①have been changed ②has been completed
③have been damaged ④has been translated
即时演练3
①Many big trees along the stream have been cut down by people to build houses. ②Large quantities of funds have been spent by them in bringing up the three children.
③My new schoolbag hasn’t been found by me up till now.
④Has a/any comment been made about the online database？
【知识要点·须拾遗】
1.①beyond our control ②beyond description/expression ③has changed beyond recognition
2.①in ②instances ③There are a number of improvements， for instance， the mouse buttons.
3.①of ②to ③attach great significance to
4.①for ②of ③cured myself of some shortcomings
Section Ⅲ Developing ideas
【文本透析·剖语篇】
第一步
1.fiction 2.electricity 3.kite 4.metal 5.lightning
6.has 7.entirely 8.inspired 9.spirit 10.facts
第二步
1－5 ADAAD
第三步
More than one generation of schoolchildren has been amazed by his bravery and his scientific approach to looking for the truth.
第四步
1.Persistence， devotion and interest.
2.Firstly， scientific discoveries promote the development of our society.Secondly， the contributions of scientists in medicine extend our lifespan.Thirdly， scientists have invented a lot of surprising tools that fundamentally improve our living standards.
第五步
1.让步状语 形式主语 真正的主语 宾语
虽然已证实富兰克林的这一实验确有其事，不少科学家还是对事实真相提出了质疑。
2.that 定语 everything 让步状语
但在科学领域，能被实验与研究所证明的东西才算作事实，我们不应全盘相信我们读到或听到的事——即使它是一个精彩的故事。
【核心知识·巧突破】
核心词汇集释
1.①against ②on ③was declared open
2.①attachment ②to ③with a card attached to
3.①is ②are ③along with my parents am taking a flight to
4.①on ②for ③into ④On no account should you leave
重点句型解构
1.①Neither my classmates nor I was punished
②neither too hot nor too cold ③neither/nor will he
2.①would be
②rained/should rain/were to rain； would have to put off
③hadn’t been； would have failed ④were able to see
3.①while his brother is generous
②While/Although/Though David was tripped over within a few kilometers ③While taking exercise
Section Ⅳ Writing an experiment report
【演练佳作·写美文】
写作步骤
二、1.Today we carried out an experiment.Its aim was to find out if there is a change in weight after aluminium is heated.
2.To carry out the experiment，we prepared the following equipment： pieces of aluminium，a Bunsen burner，a balance，a crucible and a pair of tongs.
3.The stages were as follows.
4.First， we put a piece of aluminium in the crucible.
5.Then we put the crucible on the balance and weighed it.
6.After that， we held the crucible with aluminium in it over the Bunsen burner’s flame.
7.Finally， we put the crucible with the aluminium in it on the balance and weighed it again.
8.We found it weighed a little more than before.
9.After the experiment， we drew a conclusion：There is a change in weight after aluminium is heated.
三、1.Today we carried out an experiment，whose aim was to find out if there is a change in weight after aluminium is heated.
2.After the experiment， we drew a conclusion that there is a change in weight after aluminium is heated.
四、
Today we carried out an experiment， whose aim was to find out if there is a change in weight after aluminium is heated.To carry out the experiment，we prepared the following equipment：pieces of aluminium， a Bunsen burner， a balance， a crucible and a pair of tongs.
The stages were as follows.First， we put a piece of aluminium in the crucible.Then we put the crucible on the balance and weighed it.Next，we lighted the Bunsen burner.After that，we held the crucible with aluminium in it over the Bunsen burner’s flame.Finally，we put the crucible with the aluminium in it on the balance and weighed it again.We found it weighed a little more than before.
After the experiment， we drew a conclusion that there is a change in weight after aluminium is heated.
【教材词汇·练续写】
一、1.Excited and surprised at the rare species found in the forest，Tim，a biologist，was immersed in shooting pictures of them.
2.It was when his cellphone battery ran out that he realised that he was lost in the forest.
3.Without compass and map，he thought he wasn’t capable of walking out.
4.He tripped and injured his leg.
5.After numerous attempts and failures，he saw the flash on the main road.
6.At that moment， he was excited beyond description.
7.“It was significant to take enough stuff for survival，” he said to himself.
二、
Excited and surprised at the rare species found in the forest， Tim， a biologist，was immersed in shooting pictures of them.It was when his cellphone battery ran out that he realised that he was lost in the forest.Without compass and map，he thought he wasn’t capable of walking out.He tripped and injured his leg.After numerous attempts and failures，he saw the flash on the main road.At that moment，he was excited beyond description.“It was significant to take enough stuff for survival，” he said to himself.
单元素养提升
回顾单元知识
一、1.shoot 2.desire 3.beyond 4.instance 5.significant
6.injure 7.origin 8.theory 9.mental 10.cure
11.conduct 12.account 13.procedure
Ⅰ.1.desire 2.beyond 3.instances 4.significant
5.theories 6.origin 7.procedures 8.conducts
二、1.press 2.flexible 3.capable 4.declaration 5.attach
6.scientific 7.entirely 8.proof
Ⅱ.1.entirely 2.pressure 3.flexibly 4.scientific
5.declaration
三、1.as well as 2.in addition 3.in terms of 4.start with
5.lead to 6.virtual reality 7.wearable tech
8.be used to do sth 9.never say never 10.apart from
11.be named after 12.be attached to 13.along with 14.take place 15.die from e up with
Ⅲ.1.came up with 2.take place 3.Apart from
4.start with 5.lead to 6.In terms of 7.In addition
四、1.find ourselves in the great new age of technology
2.with computing technology controlling its “legs”
3.what is it that
4.neither the story nor the details of the experiment
Ⅳ.1.find one of his fingers injured
2.With the young man leading the way
3.Who was it that
4.Neither his family nor he has been there
UNIT 4 Amazing art
单元话题导入
1.Have a good idea of the painting.
2.The nature or character of a subject.
Section Ⅰ Starting out & Understanding ideas
【文本透析·剖语篇】
第一步
1.largest 2.huge sculpture 3.missing 4.skill 5.smaller
6.mind 7.selfie 8.cheaper 9.fantastic
第二步
1－5 ABCDA
第三步
1.（1）I can’t even begin to tell you how amazing this is！
（2）It’s the one and only Mona Lisa！
（3）Throughout his life， he made over 90 self-portraits！
2.（1）It looks like she has just flown down out of the sky and is standing on a ship.（metaphor）
（2）...it would take a lifetime to see everything！ （hyperbole）
（3）They really do reach out to us across the centuries as if time itself were nothing.（personification）
3.By the way， if you have enjoyed this live broadcast， subscribe to find out where I’m visiting next！
第四步
1.I like Western art very much.Because these works of art can not only give us the chance to appreciate the beauty， skill and great power in them， but also inspire us to learn the cultural backgrounds and thoughts expressed by the painters.
2.It seems to me that art plays a very important role in our daily lives.For one thing， it makes our lives more colourful and interesting.For another， it spreads some positive information and values to us.
第五步
1.宾 主 伴随状
虽然头部和手臂已经遗失了，但你们仍然可以想象她正高举双臂，庆祝一场古老战役的胜利。
2.宾语 目的状语
今天我们就先到这里，希望有一天你们都能来参观这个美妙之地，亲身感受这些伟大艺术作品的魅力。
3.条件状语 目的状语 宾语
哦对了，如果你们喜欢这场直播，请点击“订阅”，关注我下一站的目的地吧！
【核心知识·巧突破】
核心词汇集释
1.①greetings ②in ③greeted me with
2.①of ②Loaded ③a ④with
⑤took a load off my mind
3.①up ②unfold ③her hands folded
4.①across ②out ③about ④came up
5.①on ②will be exhibiting ③exhibition
④a Chinese Painting Exhibition will be held
重点句型解构
1.That’s because he got caught in the traffic；
That’s why he was absent from the meeting；
why he was absent from the meeting the day before yesterday was that he got caught in the traffic
2.①did win first prize ②but I did （study hard）
Section Ⅱ Using language
【重难语法·要攻克】
我的发现
1.现在进行时的被动语态 be being done
2.肯定 否定 一般疑问 特殊疑问
即时演练1
①is being built ②isn’t being built
③Is a modern school being built
④Where is a modern school being built at present
即时演练2
①is being repaired； is under repair
②are being constructed； are under construction
③is still being considered； is still under consideration
【知识要点·须拾遗】
①for ②for/through ③lacking in confidence
Section Ⅲ Developing ideas
【文本透析·剖语篇】
第一步
1.most significant 2.born 3.Wang Wei 4.serve
5.observed 6.gallop off 7.real horses
第二步
1－6 DBBBCC
第三步
Even after more than a thousand years have passed， we can still feel the power within its burning eyes， bared teeth and kicking hooves.
第四步
1.Both his talent and his hard work are the key to his success in the field of painting.
2.Xu Beihong， a Chinese painter， was good at painting horses.His work Eight Fine Horses has won great reputation at home and abroad.
第五步
1.过去分词短语 后置定语
《照夜白图》，现收藏于纽约大都会艺术博物馆，被认为是中国艺术史上最为重要的骏马图之一。
2.独立主格 定语 every detail
韩干日复一日地练习画马，用画笔把眼睛观察到的每一处细节都呈现了出来。
3.定语 Those 伴随状语 宾语
看过韩干的骏马图的人都对他独特的技艺赞赏有加，称他的马“跃然纸上”。
【核心知识·巧突破】
核心词汇集释
1.①sponsored ②to complete
③find some more sponsors for my bike ride
2.①for ②for ③am very fond of； am very keen on
3.①for ②in ③sing high praises for/think highly of/think well of/speak highly of/have a high opinion of
4.①in ②from/against ③put all the others in the shade
重点句型解构
1.①unless handled properly ②when necessary
2.①The higher； the thinner ②the wiser he will become ③the more I enjoy living in China
Section Ⅳ Writing about an artwork
【演练佳作·写美文】
写作步骤
二、1.Xu Beihong was one of China’s best-known twentieth-century artists who is most famous for his lively paintings of horses.
2.Xu Beihong followed the traditional Chinese style of painting， so the painting Racing Horse is known for its brush drawings in black inks and natural colours.
3.The painting Racing Horse not only shows six horses running towards us， which look wonderfully alive， but also represents the personality and ideal of the gifted painter.
4.I think it’s delightful.Perhaps that’s because I really like the painting of animals.
5.In a word， I am so crazy about the painting Racing Horse，which was listed in the national level of cultural relics.
三、1.Not only does the painting Racing Horse show six horses running towards us，which look wonderfully alive， but also represents the personality and ideal of the gifted painter.
2.Perhaps the reason why I think it’s delightful is that I really like the painting of animals.
四、
Xu Beihong was one of China’s best-known twentieth-century artists who is most famous for his lively paintings of horses.
Xu Beihong followed the traditional Chinese style of painting，so the painting Racing Horse is known for its brush drawings in black inks and natural colours.Not only does the painting Racing Horse show six horses running towards us， which look wonderfully alive，but also represents the personality and ideal of the gifted painter.
Perhaps the reason why I think it’s delightful is that I really like the painting of animals.In a word， I am so crazy about the painting Racing Horse， which was listed in the national level of cultural relics.
【教材词汇·练续写】
一、1.Clair mentioned that she lacked confidence.
2.What’s worse，her house wasn’t elegant enough for her husband who wanted to improve his social status with a bigger salary.
3.Tony comforted her and promised to make her more beautiful and her house more elegant.He made it.
4.A few days later，Clair invited other women to her house.
5.Tony greeted them with a broad smile， standing up straight with his arms folded.
6.All the women were fond of Clair’s house and Tony， a robot sponsored by a company.
二、
Clair mentioned that she lacked confidence.What’s worse，her house wasn’t elegant enough for her husband who wanted to improve his social status with a bigger salary.Tony comforted her and promised to make her more beautiful and her house more elegant.He made it.A few days later，Clair invited other women to her house.Tony greeted them with a broad smile，standing up straight with his arms folded.All the women were fond of Clair’s house and Tony， a robot sponsored by a company.
单元素养提升
回顾单元知识
一、1.greet 2.broadcast 3.stair 4.battle
5.neighbourhood 6.calligraphy 7.demonstrate
8.needle 9.carve 10.contemporary 11.cigarette
12.lack 13.wine 14.fond
Ⅰ.1.greet 2.contemporary 3.lack 4.fond
5.neighbourhood 6.demonstrated
二、1.load 2.fold 3.exhibition 4.vividly 5.elegant
6.magnificent 7.dirt 8.sponsor 9.frequent 10.mostly
Ⅱ.1.vividly 2.unfolded 3.①elegant ②elegance
4.①frequently ②frequency 5.exhibition
三、1.get a load of ... 2.hold up 3.have a mind of one’s own
4.sense of sadness 5.subscribe to 6.manage to do sth 7.be known for 8.be regarded as 9.by accident
10.due to 11.be fond of ... 12.sing high praises for
Ⅲ.1.sense of sadness 2.subscribed to 3.sang high praises for
4.hold up 5.by accident 6.is fond of
四、1.that’s why she attracts so many visitors every day
2.do reach out to us
3.While waiting at the gate
4.The more time he spent observing these animals
Ⅳ.1.That is why English has so many rules
2.did tell you the news
3.While travelling abroad
4.the more confident； the more likely
UNIT 5 What an adventure！
单元话题导入
1.The introduction to China’s satellite launch centres.
2.It values international cooperation in space exploration.
Section Ⅰ Starting out & Understanding ideas
【文本透析·剖语篇】
第一步
1.crowds 2.appeals to 3.enjoy life 4.brings into focus 5.human nature 6.Type T 7.be connected 8.up to you
第二步
1－6 CDBACB
第三步
1.（1）What we get from this adventure is just sheer joy ... We do not live to eat and make money.We eat and make money to be able to enjoy life.That is what life means and what life is for.
（2）“It brings into focus what’s important to you.”He added，“There are a thousand reasons to turn around and only one to keep going.You really have to focus on the one reason that’s most important and unique to you.It forces you to look deep inside yourself and figure out if you really have the physical， as well as mental， toughness to push when you want to stop.”
2.（1）Recent studies indicate that risk-taking may be part of human nature， with some of us more likely to take risks than others.
（2）Research also suggests that our desire to seek risks can be connected to how much we expect to benefit from the result.
3.（1）He refers to the personalities of these people as “Type T”， with the “T” standing for “thrill”.
（2）Speaking to the LA Times about the “Type T” personalities，Farley said，“They’ll say，‘I’m not taking risks， I’m an expert ...’ They don’t want to die and they don’t expect to die.”
第四步
1.Yes， I’d like to.Because I enjoy taking risks.
2.I don’t agree with them.People who like to climb Qomolangma may want to show their strength to the world because they can conquer nature.
第五步
1.定语 插入语
明知道会是一次拥挤、不舒适而又危险的体验，去年仍有数百人愿意为此花费大价钱。
2.主语 结果状语
对于这些人来说，攀登珠穆朗玛峰是一项独一无二的体验，它让一些人感受到脆弱的同时也让另一些人感受到强大。
3.补足语 宾语 时间状语
它会强迫你去深入地审视自己，去思考自己的身体和心灵是否足够坚强，能在你想放弃的时候推动你继续向前。
【核心知识·巧突破】
核心词汇集释
1.①of ②with ③crowding into
2.①on/upon ②was brought ③focus on/upon
3.①down ②around ③It turns out that
4.①in ②on ③figure out
5.①to say ②to solve ③at the first attempt
6.①result in ②resulted from ③As a result ④as a result of
7.①failure ②to go ③Words failed their mother
8.①支持 ②容忍，忍受 ③stands out
重点句型解构
①only to find ②making it the most popular one
Section Ⅱ Using language
【重难语法·要攻克】
我的发现
过去将来时 would do was going to do 过去进行时
即时演练
①would be ②to go ③was starting ④would buy； got
⑤to be built
【知识要点·须拾遗】
1.①that ②unaware ③of
④to raise people’s awareness of protecting the oceans
2.①guidance ②through ③Guided by a local guide
3.①injured ②injury ③gave first aid to the injured
4.①out ②at full stretch
Section Ⅲ Developing ideas
【文本透析·剖语篇】
第一步
1.weight 2.a nut 3.another air 4.wrinkled 5.solar rays
6.vibration 7.in broad daylight
第二步
1－5 CABDA
第三步
While attacking from the ship， Aronnax and Conseil， along with the whale hunter Ned Land， fall into the sea， and discover that the “creature” is actually a submarine.
第四步
1.I think there are some accidents they will meet， describing some hard conditions.
2.Yes， because I would like to appreciate the beautiful views underwater.
第五步
1.省略 they were 宾语
他们从船上对这只生物展开攻击，结果阿龙纳斯、康塞尔和捕鲸猎人内德·兰德都坠入海中，并且发现所谓的“生物”其实是一艘潜水艇。
2.非限制性定语
我已经感觉不到衣服、鞋子、氧气罐和厚重头盔的重量。我的头在头盔中摇来晃去，就像果仁在壳里滚动一般。
3.非限制性定语 限制性定语 vibration
这块令人目眩的地毯简直是一个反射器，强有力地把阳光反射回去，光线所经之处的每个水分子都因此而振动。
4.时间状语 宾语 方式状语
如果说在海面以下30英尺的地方，我能像在明亮的日光下一样看得清清楚楚，会有人相信吗？
【核心知识·巧突破】
核心词汇集释
1.①the ②of ③taken charge of； was charged with； in charge of
2.①of ②ahead ③ahead of time/schedule
3.①permitting ②playing ③permission ④permit me to bring
4.①to ②relation ③to ④relates to the situation
5.①Astonished ②to learn ③astonishing
④It astonished me that
6.①herself ②from ③is distinguished as
7.①surroundings ②with ③was surrounded by
重点句型解构
1.①Breakfast over ②All the e-mails answered；
With all the e-mails answered
2.①came the beautiful song ②sat an old man
③Such is our lively city ④Lucky is she
3.①had done something very clever ②it happened yesterday
③as if he was criticised by the teacher；
as if criticised by the teacher
Section Ⅳ Writing about a diving experience
【演练佳作·写美文】
写作步骤
二、1.It was a day of pure magic.
2.I went diving beneath the ocean near Sanya with my family this afternoon.
3.The first thing I became aware of was all the vivid colours surrounding me.
4.What impressed me most was the fantastic corals which were shaped like fans， plates， mushrooms， the branches of trees and the horns of deer.
5.All kinds of small and elegant fish were swimming in and around the corals.
6.However，some creatures such as sharks were very dangerous， so I wasn’t permitted to get too close to them.
7.From the experience， I realise that the amazing underwater world is waiting for us to explore.
三、1.It is the fantastic corals which were shaped like fans，plates， mushrooms， the branches of trees and the horns of deer that impressed me most.
2.However， some creatures such as sharks were so dangerous that I wasn’t permitted to get too close to them.
四、
16 June Sunday
It was a day of pure magic. I went diving beneath the ocean near Sanya with my family this afternoon.
The first thing I became aware of was all the vivid colours surrounding me.It is the fantastic corals which were shaped like fans， plates， mushrooms， the branches of trees and the horns of deer that impressed me most.And all kinds of small and elegant fish were swimming in and around the corals.However， some creatures such as sharks were so dangerous that I wasn’t permitted to get too close to them.
From the experience， I realise that the amazing underwater world is waiting for us to explore.
【教材词汇·练续写】
一、1.Fascinated by the beautiful street lights，Tin was unaware of the approaching danger.
2.A drunk driver knocked him down，making him badly injured.
3.His legs bled.A crowd of people started to surround him to see what was happening.
4.The crowd watched in astonishment，open-mouthed.
5.Mary witnessed the accident and it was then that the first-aid knowledge she learned crowded into her mind.
6.To stop bleeding，she covered the wound with a bandage.
7.Her timely help made a difference to Tin’s recovery.
8.The incident confirmed Mary in her decision to become a doctor in the future.
二、
Fascinated by the beautiful street lights， Tin was unaware of the approaching danger.A drunk driver knocked him down，making him badly injured.His legs bled.A crowd of people started to surround him to see what was happening.The crowd watched in astonishment，open-mouthed.Mary witnessed the accident and it was then that the first-aid knowledge she learned crowded into her mind.To stop bleeding，she covered the wound with a bandage.Her timely help made a difference to Tin’s recovery.The incident confirmed Mary in her decision to become a doctor in the future.
单元素养提升
回顾单元知识
一、1.initial 2.confirm 3.crowd 4.attempt 5.unaware
6.guideline 7.liquid 8.servant 9.charge 10.ahead
11.chapter 12.resident
Ⅰ.1.initial 2.crowd 3.chapter 4.charge 5.unaware
二、1.failure 2.injury 3.permit 4.relate 5.astonish
6.surround 7.consume 8.depth 9.broad
Ⅱ.1.injury 2.relation 3.permission 4.astonished 5.failure
三、1.focus on 2.figure out 3.refer to ...as ... 4.stand for
5.in charge 6.in search of 7.look back upon/on
8.leave an impression upon/on 9.account for 10.in broad daylight 11.succeed in doing sth 12.bring ... into focus
Ⅲ.1.in search of 2.focused on 3.account for
4.left an impression upon/on 5.in charge 6.figure out
四、1.marking the beginning of European exploration of the Americas
2.where they meet the man in charge
3.one of his men following some steps behind
4.was the calm surface of the sea
5.as if I was in broad daylight
Ⅳ.1.causing about 80 deaths and 1，500 injuries
2.where they can gain experience for growth
3.her eyes flooded with/full of tears
4.stands the Great Wall
5.as if he had lived in the UK for many years
UNIT 6 Disaster and hope
单元话题导入
1.The terrible wind.
2.It’s important to protect the environment.
Section Ⅰ Starting out & Understanding ideas
【文本透析·剖语篇】
第一步
1.30 plus 2.air conditioning 3.higher 4.his flat 5.boat
6.the top floor 7.swim 8.natural disasters
第二步
1－5 ACDCD
第三步
1.（1）I suddenly feel a bit scared.
（2）I’m shocked by photos showing that a hurricane in Asia has destroyed a town.
（3）News like this makes me feel nervous.
（4）Stepping out of the station with a heavy heart， I suddenly feel a fresh wind on my face.
（5）Well， maybe I have been worrying too much.
2.（1）Sure enough， going down the stairs and onto the platform is like jumping into a volcano that’s erupting.（simile）
（2）I’m sure the passenger next to me and I are melting and becoming one！ （hyperbole）
3.Because there’s no air conditioning， the temperature inside the train can reach 35 degrees！
第四步
1.I agree with the author.Because climate in the world is closely related to our living environment.
2.I think climate change will affect my life in the future.I should do what I can to protect environment to slow down climate change.
第五步
1.主语 表语 定语 volcano
果不其然，走下楼梯，来到站台上就像是跳进一座正在喷发的火山。
2.时间状语 后置定语 宾语 宾语
我翻阅着手里的报纸，震惊地看到亚洲的台风摧毁了一个城镇的照片。
3.原因状语 形式主语 真正的主语 宾语
既然在地球上难逃一劫，或许我应该开始考虑移民太空了……
【核心知识·巧突破】
核心词汇集释
1.①好转 ②接（人） ③学会 ④接收
⑤helped me pick out the book
2.①约定时间 ②准时到达 ③渡过难关 ④made it
3.①immediate ②immediately ③the moment/instant/second/minute he saw it； on seeing it； as soon as he saw it
4.①getting ②through ③looked up
5.①occurred ②to ③to turn
④It occurred to Mother that； It hit/struck Mother that
6.①announcement ②to ③It was announced that
7.①After all ②first of all ③All in all
重点句型解构
①Up to now/Until now； have been held
②Now that the Internet is becoming increasingly popular
Section Ⅱ Using language
【重难语法·要攻克】
我的发现
1.简单句中 line
2.并列句中 it is
3.状语从句 you are
4.定语从句 who/whom/that
5.动词不定式 to forecast the weather
6.宾语从句 that
7.感叹句 it is
即时演练1
①You ②It ③them/the dishes ④Is there
即时演练2
①others后的study ②but后的he
③he didn’t come to school
即时演练3
①walking ②donated ③If so ④in Guangzhou
即时演练4
①which ②that
③why后的she didn’t go to school yesterday
即时演练5
①② ③④
即时演练6
①I’m afraid not ②I think so
即时演练7
①at ②on ③in
【知识要点·须拾遗】
1.①cheating ②to offer/offering ③reliable
④rely on it that
2.①to ②from ③Some of the rescue workers and doctors were trapped under the ruins and were in crisis.
3.①to help ②to have seen ③It is claimed that
4.①threatening ②under ③threatened to call the police
Section Ⅲ Developing ideas
【文本透析·剖语篇】
第一步
1.flew off 2.nowhere 3.helicopter 4.bad 5.good side 6.looking up at 7.hope 8.faraway 9.come back 10.reminders
第二步
1－6 BCCADD
第三步
（1）I was so frightened that I just froze.
（2）At first， I was pleased we could stay at home， but soon it got really tough.
（3）We were so happy to take him with us， although then， none of us knew that we wouldn’t be back for quite a while.
第四步
We can do what we can and try to call on people to donate money or things to help the local people in need.
第五步
1.宾语 让步状语
不过妈妈说不管发生什么，我们都应该尽量看到事情好的一面。
2.让步状语 宾语
我们都很高兴能带上它，不过那时我们都没料到这一去就很久都回不来。
【核心知识·巧突破】
核心词汇集释
1.①除此以外 ②亦 ③or otherwise
2.①from ②under ③from ④shelter from the rain
重点句型解构
①had just covered three miles when ②was about to give up when； was on the point of giving up when
Section Ⅳ Writing safety guidelines
【演练佳作·写美文】
写作步骤
二、1.Every year， hundreds of people lose their lives in fires， so it’s very necessary to know some tips to survive a fire.
2.The following tips may be helpful to you.
3.You should keep calm.
4.You can make wise decisions in dangerous situations.
5.Cover your mouth and nose with a wet towel or a piece of wet cloth， otherwise you may have difficulty breathing.
6.While you are getting away from the scene， you should lower your body and move along walls towards exits.
7.Run downstairs instead of taking a lift.
8.When you can’t find any way out， go to the toilet and wet its door， windows and all burnable objects that can burn easily.
9.And at the same time， try to get in touch with people outside to ask for help.
10.Although fires are terrible， we can greatly increase our chances of survival as long as we stay calm and take effective action.
三、1.You should keep calm so that you can make wise decisions in dangerous situations.
2.While getting away from the scene， you should lower your body and move along walls towards exits.
四、
Every year， hundreds of people lose their lives in fires， so it’s very necessary to know some tips to survive a fire.The following tips may be helpful to you.
Firstly， you should keep calm so that you can make wise decisions in dangerous situations.Secondly， cover your mouth and nose with a wet towel or a piece of wet cloth， otherwise you may have difficulty breathing.Thirdly， while getting away from the scene， you should lower your body and move along walls towards exits.Run downstairs instead of taking a lift.Last but not least， when you can’t find any way out， go to the toilet and wet its door， windows and all burnable objects that can burn easily.And at the same time， try to get in touch with people outside to ask for help.
Although fires are terrible， we can greatly increase our chances of survival as long as we stay calm and take effective action.
【教材词汇·练续写】
一、1.With a heavy heart，Ada knew she had to rescue Roy immediately.
2.She wrapped the shirt around Roy’s leg and straightened his leg with a long stick.
3.Roy cried out in pain and grabbed Ada’s arm.
4.“I know it hurts，”Ada said softly.“But this will hold it still until you are rescued by the helicopter.”
5.When they arrived at the hospital safely，Roy said，“Luckily， you kept calm in an emergency.Otherwise， I would have suffered a more serious injury.How reliable a friend you are！”
二、
With a heavy heart， Ada knew she had to rescue Roy immediately.She wrapped the shirt around Roy’s leg and straightened his leg with a long stick.Roy cried out in pain and grabbed Ada’s arm.“I know it hurts，”Ada said softly.“But this will hold it still until you are rescued by the helicopter.” When they arrived at the hospital safely， Roy said，“Luckily， you kept calm in an emergency.Otherwise， I would have suffered a more serious injury.How reliable a friend you are！”
单元素养提升
回顾单元知识
一、1.disaster 2.plus 3.forecast 4.grab 5.rescue
6.claim 7.crisis 8.satellite 9.otherwise 10.property
11.shelter
Ⅰ.1.disasters 2.rescued 3.claimed 4.Otherwise 5.shelter
二、1.erupt 2.immediately 3.announcement
4.emergency 5.precisely 6.threat 7.sufficient
Ⅱ.1.eruption 2.announcement 3.emergencies
4.immediately 5.sufficiency
三、1.pick up 2.turn into 3.make it 4.look through
5.after all 6.up and down 7.result in/lead to 8.fly off
9.all of a sudden 10.keep on （doing sth） 11.have yet to
Ⅲ.1.All of a sudden 2.looked through 3.After all
4.picked up 5.up and down 6.kept on
四、1.It’s just typical that my journey is on one of the oldest lines
2.Now that it’s hard to avoid a disaster on Earth
3.I was sitting in my room； when
4.the moment the storm hit
5.whatever happens
6.to look up at the stars of New Orleans
Ⅳ.1.It is natural that
2.Now that you badly want to lose weight
3.was reviewing my history notes when
4.the moment she heard the news
5.Whatever you meet with in the future
6.to reach her target weight
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