【培优方案】UNIT 6　Nature in words（课时跟踪检测）（学生版）外研英语选择性必修第三册

UNIT 6　Nature in words
Section Ⅰ　Starting out & Understanding ideas
维度一：品句填词
1.The nursery 　　　　　　（童谣） reminds me of my happy childhood spent with my grandparents.
2.To reduce food waste， some restaurants 　　　　（坚持） their customers should take away the leftover food after their meals.
3.The bird has grey 　　　　　　（羽毛） with a lighter collar.
4.He hurried on with his 　　　　　　（刮胡子）， cutting his chin twice.
5.Notre Dame stands in the very heart of Paris and is one of the famous 　　　　　　（教堂） in the world.
6.One of the main characters of this plastic is its ability to b　　　　　　 without breaking.
7.The w　　　　　　 schedule may make you more aware of how you spend your time.
8.Standing on the top of the mountain， we can enjoy a delightful p　　　　　　 of the lake.
维度二：词形转换
1.They hope this new evidence will prove her 　　　　　　（innocent）.
2.The 　　　　　　（inspect） said that standards at the school had to be raised.
3.On the bench a large light bulb was glowing 　　　　　　（faint）.
4.We have made many 　　　　　　（enhance） to the software that will strengthen system security.
5.The leaves turn yellow， and the maples 　　　　（red）.So beautiful and so graceful！
维度三：固定搭配和句式
1.They 　　　　　　　　（不停地说） as if they hadn’t seen each other for a long time.
2.When she 　　　　　　　　（醒来） in the morning， the sun was streaming through the windows.
3.They prevented a serious railway accident 　　　　　　　　（冒着……的风险） their own lives.
4.The movie had begun 　　　　　　　　　　　（到我们到达那儿时）.
5.Nervous and frightened， I felt 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　（如坐针毡）.
6.I walked along the street， and about 30 minutes later， 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　（我发现自己来到了学校大门口）。
维度四：课文语法填空
　　It is the first time that I have seen snow this year.It is not only 1.　　　　　　 event but a magical event.You go to bed in one kind of world and wake up 2.　　　　　　 （find） yourself in another completely different.The secrecy and 3.　　　　　　 （quiet） of the thing makes it more magical.When I 4.　　　　　　 （get） up this morning， I found the world dead white and pale blues.The light coming through the windows was very strange， 5.　　　　　　 made the familiar business of splashing and shaving and brushing and dressing strange too.When the sun came out， the snow became pink.The little plum tree stood in full sunlight.An hour 6.　　　　 two later， everything was a cold sparkle of white and blue.The little Japanese prints had disappeared.The ground went on and on， the sky was thick grey， and all the trees were in black and 7.　　　　　　 （threaten） shapes.Now the snow is falling 8.　　　　　　 （heavy） in great soft flakes so that you can hardly see across the shallow valley.The 9.　　　　　　 （roof） are thick and the trees are all bent.I can see the children 10.　　　　　　 （flatten） their noses against the window to watch the falling snow.
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
　　（2024·山东青岛二中高二上期末）Never has there been a primate as big as Gigantopithecus blacki.Adults of this ancient ape （猿） stood about 10 feet tail and could weigh more than 500 pounds， wandering the thick forests of ancient China during the last Ice Age.
　　Why this impressive animal went extinct has puzzled scientists since the ape was discovered nearly a century ago.But now， a new analysis suggests that the primate’s unique lifestyle left it vulnerable.
　　The new study combines geological dates， pollen records， and clues preserved inside fossil teeth to present a detailed timeline of when， and how， Gigantopithecus blacki went extinct.The results reveal the creature’s decline and ultimate demise in fine detail.
　　Kira Westaway， lead author of the new study and a geochronologist at Macquarie University in Sydney， worked to come up with more accurate dates for the sediments （沉积物） that Gigantopithecus fossils have been found in.Studies of fossil pollen from the Gigantopithecus sites also allowed researchers to study how the animal’s habitat was changing.Prior to 700，000 years ago， both Gigantopithecus and Pongo weidenreichi， another ancient ape， lived in forests where they ate leaves， fruits， and flowers available much of the year round.Due to the environmental changes， dense forests of pines， birches and chestnut relatives gave way to more open habitats with larger patches of grassland.However， Gigantopithecus had a difficult time finding preferred foods.Meanwhile Pongo weidenreichi changed its diet to live on-fibrous-plants that were more readily available.
　　“It was the response of G， blacki to these changes that sealed its fate，” Westaway says.“The giant apes were so big that they had to move on the ground and were limited in how far they could venture， trying to make the most of twigs， bark， and other tough foods that were still accessible.It wasn’t enough.”
　　Yet knowing the ending of the ape’s story hardly closes the case on the giant primate.Did these huge primates follow the same path to extinction， or did the story vary by location？ This research opens new questions even as it explains the disappearance of Earth’s most huge ape.
1.What does the new research aim to do？（　　）
A.To study the climate changes of ancient China.
B.To analyze the geological features of the last Ice Age.
C.To solve the mystery of the Gigantopithecus blacki’s extinction.
D.To present some detailed findings of the Gigantopithecus blacki’s habitat.
2.What does the underlined word “demise” in the third paragraph mean？（　　）
A.Change. B.Removal.
C.Adaptation. D.Extinction.
3.What do we know about the study？（　　）
A.The timing of the giant ape’s disappearance was worked out.
B.Another ape was included to show their common habitat.
C.The environmental shift had little impact on the giant ape’s habitat.
D.Some fossil pollen were studied to reveal the giant ape’s diet preference.
4.What can be suggested from Westaway’s words about the giant ape？（　　）
A.The giant ape responded to the change of its habitat easily.
B.The inability to adapt quickly caused its disappearance.
C.The giant ape had sufficient food resources on the grassland.
D.The forested habitat was still accessible to the giant ape.
B
　　To understand how much we rely on ecosystem services， imagine a world where humans are the only species — perhaps in a spaceship far from the Earth.
There are no plants releasing oxygen， so you have to engineer a way to make it yourself. So straight away you need a chemical processing plant on board your ship. That same plant will have to make water too.
There is also nothing to eat， so you must artificially make food.You could synthesise （人工合成） chemicals like sugars and fats， but making it delicious would be extremely hard.As of 2015， we can’t even make an artificial burger that everyone finds convincing.
Let’s not even get started on the microorganisms （微生物） living in your gut， many of which are beneficial. The point is that， while we could in theory do all these things artificially， it is far easier to let the existing wildlife do them for us.
The scale of these ecosystem services， when you add them up， turns out to be extraordinarily large.
In 1997， ecologist Robert Costanza and his colleagues estimated that the ecosystem provides services worth around $33 trillion a year.For comparison， they noted that the entire global economy at the time produced around $18 trillion a year.
Five years later， the team took the argument a step further by asking how much we would gain by conserving biodiversity.They concluded that the benefits would outweigh the costs by a factor of 100.In other words， conserving nature is an unbelievably good investment.
By contrast， letting species decline and go extinct looks like a bad move.A 2010 study concluded that unchecked species loss would wipe 18% off global economic output by 2050.
You may perhaps be feeling that all this talk of economics and growth is strange.It’s all rather cold and heartless， without any of the love for the natural world that we were talking about earlier.Well， many environmentalists feel the same way.
5.How does the author begin the passage？（　　）
A.By drawing a conclusion.
B.By offering an argument.
C.By providing an example.
D.By making an assumption.
6.What does the author want to tell us by mentioning an artificial burger in Paragraph 3？（　　）
A.Artificial things are similar to natural ones.
B.Artificial things can hardly be the same as natural ones.
C.We have a long way to go to develop artificial things.
D.We can hardly distinguish artificial things from natural ones.
7.What’s the main problem with doing many things artificially？（　　）
A.Its high costs. B.Its negative effects.
C.Its being difficult. D.Its being impossible.
8.What’s the author’s purpose of writing the passage？（　　）
A.To prove the value of biodiversity.
B.To stress the importance of the environment.
C.To tell us how the ecosystem works.
D.To teach us how to protect the ecosystem.
C
　　（2024·浙江嘉兴高二上期末）In times of intense stress， people sometimes let it out with a scream and a new study suggests that plants might do the same.Researchers at Tel Aviv University in Israel has found that plants let out ultrasonic （超声的） screams when damaged or stressed by drought.
　　The noises， falling within a range of 20 to 100 kilohertz， are too high-frequency for humans to hear， but other plants and some animals perceive them.Insects might be listening for sounds from stressed plants to assess their condition before laying eggs on their leaves.A moth （蛾） may decide against laying eggs on a plant that sounds water-stressed.
　　Researchers attached recording devices directly to plants to listen for secret sounds inside their stems （茎）.In drought， air bubbles formed， burst and caused vibrations （振动） within the tissue that normally carries water up the plants’ stems.The process was picked up by the attached recording devices， but researchers wanted to know if any plant sounds could travel through the air.
　　So the team placed microphones 10 centimetres from stressed-out tomato and tobacco plants.They subjected one set of crops to drought and another to physical damage.A third group was untouched.
　　The microphones did pick up distinct sounds.On average， drought-stressed tomato plants let out about 35 ultrasonic screams per hour， while those with cut stems made about 25.Drought-stressed tobacco plants let out about 11 screams per hour， and cut crops made about 15 sounds in the same time.The average number of sounds from untouched plants fell below one per hour.
　　The researchers also attempted to identify each plant group just based on its screams.Using a type of artificial intelligence calculations， the team picked out distinct features in each set of sounds and successfully sorted their plants into three kinds： “dry， cut or untouched”.
　　If it is not too costly to set up the recording in a field situation， farmers might be able to hear these stress signals， too.In future， enabling farmers to listen for water-stressed plants could “open a new direction”， which will be increasingly important as climate change exposes more areas to drought.
9.Why is the moth mentioned in Paragraph 2？（　　）
A.To show moths need enough water when laying eggs.
B.To show some animals are able to hear plants scream.
C.To show some insects are picky about their surroundings.
D.To show wildlife species depend on each other when stressed.
10.What can we learn from the research？（　　）
A.Plants’ sounds couldn’t be detected by humans.
B.Plants can be grouped according to their features.
C.Plants’ screams are related to stress types in a way.
D.Air bubbles contribute to the lack of water in plants.
11.What does the last paragraph focus on？（　　）
A.Supporting evidence for the research result.
B.Potential application of the research findings.
C.A further explanation of the research methods.
D.A reasonable doubt about the research process.
12.What can be a suitable title for the text？（　　）
A.Plants’ Vibrations： Way to React to Stress
B.Stress Signals： Secret Newly Found in Plants
C.Green Screams： Plants Make Noises When Stressed
D.Ultrasonic Screams： Discovery Opens a New Chapter
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
　　As summer approaches， many are refreshing their gardens to reflect the change in the season.As we become more eco-conscious， enhancing biodiversity （生物多样性） tops our to-do list.13.（　　）.
　　◆Grow plants for pollinators.
　　Pollinators like bees can see the colour purple more clearly than any other， so planting purple colour flowers like lavender will lead to a bee-filled paradise （乐园）.Herbs also attract butterflies and bees if you allow them to flower.A key tip to remember is that most roses aren’t ideal for pollinators.14.（　　）.
　　◆Just add water.
　　Add running water to your garden.15.（　　）.Such additions can make it more appealing to birds and wildlife.Adding a bird bath or a small water feature can attract a whole new range of wildlife， from frogs to dragonflies.Add small rocks into your water feature to prevent insects or animals drowning.
　　◆16.（　　）.
　　Home-grown plants adapt to local soil and environmental conditions， meaning that they require less care.They also promote biodiversity and decrease soil erosion （侵蚀）， while also reducing the use of chemical fertilizers （化肥） — a true win-win situation.By buying home-grown plants you can help to prevent foreign species reaching your garden and the countryside.Although these species are often harmless in their native habitats， they can cause disease and competition in a new environment.
　　◆Create homes for wildlife.
　　17.（　　）.So consider building bee hotels and bird houses， placing planting pots upside down， or even letting leaves and sticks pile up in the garden to provide a safe place for wildlife.And before you commit yourself to a neatly polished space， consider leaving room for a little chaos.
A.Stick to native plants
B.Grow domestic vegetables
C.Thoughtful structures in gardens are ideal shelters
D.It helps purify the air and provide drinking water for local wildlife
E.Don’t feel discouraged if the wildlife shelter is empty at first
F.It is difficult for the bees to get to the center of the flower to feed
G.Here are some tips to help strike the balance between beauty and biodiversity
1 / 6课时跟踪检测部分
UNIT 1　Face values
Section Ⅰ　Starting out & Understanding ideas
基础知识自测
维度一
1.self-critical　2.dormitories　3.pills　4.overlooked
5.misjudged　6.bothered　7.boosted　8.pretended
维度二
1.acknowledgement　2.identically　3.skinny　4.enlarge
维度三
1.that’s why people respect him
2.boost my confidence
3.but other people
4.a desire for success
5.tend to be shy
6.has been burying himself in his research work
维度四
1.addicted　2.editing　3.boosts　4.of　5.totally
6.personalities　7.a　8.bothered　9.Although
10.more beautiful
素养能力提升
Ⅰ.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了特殊的胎记给作者的外表及生活都带来了影响，作者因此感到苦恼，但表妹的自信使作者受到了鼓励，终于接受了自我。
1.D　推理判断题。根据第二段前三句可知，因为胎记的特殊性，作者每隔一年都要进行手术，因此这给作者带来了一些麻烦。
2.A　词义猜测题。根据画线词后的suggested that she should wear long sleeves more often可推知，表妹的奶奶让表妹多穿长袖衣服是为了挡住胎记，因为胎记太明显了。由此可知，画线词prominent表示“明显的”。apparent明显的；graceful优美的；harmful有害的；impressive给人印象深刻的。
3.B　推理判断题。根据第四段中的She’s never tried to hide her birthmark or change her appearance.It really inspires me.可知，作者的表妹没有故意隐藏胎记，说明她很自信，不惧别人的目光，她的这份自信鼓舞了作者。
4.C　推理判断题。通读全文内容可知，本文主要讲述了特殊的胎记给作者的外表及生活都带来了影响，作者因此感到苦恼，但表妹的自信使作者受到了鼓励，终于接受了自我。由此推知，本文教育人们要学会接受自我。
语篇解读：本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者结合自身经历，告诉读者：人不可貌相。
5.C　推理判断题。根据第二段内容可知，David一直鼓励、陪伴作者，并耐心教他滑雪动作，让他度过了愉快的一天。由此可知，David是个很有耐心且关心他人的人。
6.B　细节理解题。根据第三段中的I see a lonely person longing for a friendly hello可知，这位女士内心深处很渴望得到他人的认可和接纳。
7.A　观点态度题。根据第四段中的Most people ...as an “old lady” with nothing much to do and less to offer.可知，人们匆匆从她身边走过，认为她是个没什么用处和价值的老人。
8.D　推理判断题。根据作者所列举的三个亲身经历的事例以及最后一段中的It’s the inner self that we need to embrace.可推知，作者告诉读者：不要以貌取人，要去体会每个人丰富的内在。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了英国遗产专家的一项发现：17世纪的贵族女性戴安娜·塞西尔的肖像画曾被修复者修改以增强其美貌特征，这暗示了现代审美标准可能并非如我们所想的那样现代，而是存在历史循环的现象。
9.C　推理判断题。根据第一段最后一句可知，专家发现修复者对戴安娜·塞西尔的肖像进行了修改，这表明现代审美标准并非如我们所想的那样现代，而是存在历史循环的现象。由此可推知，专家的发现表明过去的审美标准可能在现代会得到重复。
10.A　推理判断题。根据第二段最后两句可知，后来的修复者对戴安娜·塞西尔的肖像进行了改动，包括增大嘴唇尺寸和降低发际线以减小额头大小。由此可推知，原始画像并未完全满足修复者对于美的期望。
11.B　细节理解题。根据第三段中的They also surprisedly found the artist’s signature， and a date that had been signed in the portrait’s curtain suggesting it was finished in 1634 and not 1638 as previously thought.可知，保护工作意外地发现了该画像完成于1634年而不是先前认为的1638年。
12.C　推理判断题。根据最后一段最后三句可知，现在的艺术品保护工作有着更多的伦理规范，必须尽量减少对作品的修补，以公正地向世人展示艺术品原有的面貌。这说明她认为艺术保护工作需要考虑伦理因素。
Ⅱ.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了三条改变消极思维的建议。
13.F　根据Catch your thoughts可知，本段主要讲述的是了解你的想法。F项指出了解自己想法的第一步就是要意识到自己想什么，符合语境。
14.A　根据下文The more you resist something， the more you attract it towards you.If you imagine the worst that could happen and accept that， then the reality of what is actually happening isn’t so bad after all.可知，本段介绍了抵制消极思维的弊端和接受糟糕的事情的益处。A项（接受和改变）涵盖了本段内容，符合语境。
15.G　空前一句强调想象最坏的情况并接受它。G项承接上文，指出以现实和乐观的态度处理并接受事情的结果，符合语境。
16.D　根据so when you focus on what is good， the negative thoughts will have to take a back seat可知，此处强调把注意力集中在好的方面时，消极的想法就会被抛到脑后。D项（同时有两种相反的想法是很难的）引起下文，符合语境。
17.B　根据空后一句可知，我们常常忽视我们认为理所应当的事，对这些事情我们缺少感恩。故B项（感激一切）承接上文，符合语境。
Section Ⅱ　Using language
基础知识自测
维度一
1.That mathematics is the base for other sciences
2.What she lacks in an era of technological advances
3.Who will take the place of Mr Smith
4.How you get there
5.It never occurred to me
6.It still remains to be a question
维度二
1.When Jack gets home after school
2.It doesn’t matter whether/if you have lived there
3.Whoever takes interest in the picture
4.It is believed that
5.It seems that
维度三
1.that　2.what　3.how　4.that 　5.that　6.Whoever
素养能力提升
Ⅰ.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。作者因为别人的偏见以及追求更好的生活改变自己的口音，但后来才意识到这样做抹杀了自己身份的一部分，也明白了要坚守本根。
1.C　细节理解题。根据第二段前两句可知，作者决定离开南部的家乡是因为其他人认为南方人没文化、无知，即外部对南方人的偏见。
2.B　推理判断题。根据第三段最后两句推知，当被Emily的妈妈误会来自北方时，作者是非常开心的。
3.A　推理判断题。根据倒数第二段最后两句可知，作者通过改变自己的口音获得了在校报工作的机会。由此推知，作者努力改变Emily的口音是为了证明自己是对的，即改变南方口音就有可能获得好工作。
4.A　推理判断题。根据最后一段内容可知，文章想要传达的信息是坚守本根。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了第一印象的重要性。
5.A　细节理解题。根据第二段中的In fact， most people make up their minds about other people in the first five minutes or less when meeting them.可知，人们很快就会做出是否喜欢这个人的判断。
6.C　推理判断题。根据第三段最后一句可知，你要做功课来收集信息并研究所有可能出现的问题，这样，万一另一方提出一些出乎意料的问题，你将会知道如何解决。由此可知，根据作者的观点，尽可能多地了解情况可能有助于面试。
7.B　推理判断题。文章开头讲述了第一印象的重要性，文章最后一段最后一句强调即使有优秀的学历和杰出的工作表现，求职申请人也需要留下良好的第一印象。由此可知，下文应该会更详细地介绍一些给别人留下良好的第一印象的实用建议。
8.D　主旨大意题。文章主要讲了第一印象的重要性，它很大程度上决定了人们是否喜欢你、是否决定帮助你，结合第二段中的You need to make a good impression on others to ensure they like you and give you what you want.可知，本文主要讲述了要给人留下良好的第一印象。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。Bryant研究发现，尽管各国人民的能力各不相同，但是世界各地的人们都可以通过声音中的微小差异来识别真笑和假笑。文章还介绍了真笑和假笑分别具备的特点。
9.B　细节理解题。根据第三段第一句可知，研究表明，尽管各国人民的能力各不相同，但世界各地的人们都能辨别出真正的笑声。由此可知，研究发现了人们可以分辨出真笑和假笑。
10.A　细节理解题。根据第三段中的because they rely heavily on emotional engagement in order to predict others’ behavior and create stronger social relationships可知，Samoan的居民能准确识别自然的笑声是因为他们把很多情感放在了解别人上。
11.C　细节理解题。根据第四段最后一句可知，在真正的笑声中，我们会产生高音调和音量，以及没有清晰声音的快速爆发。由此可知，自然的笑声通常以高音量为特征。
12.D　细节理解题。根据倒数第二段最后两句可知，布莱恩进一步解释说：“有了这个语音系统，你可以发出很多不同的声音，包括哭泣、大笑或尖叫。这就是假笑的由来。”由此可知，假笑系统可以使人产生各种各样的噪音。
Ⅱ.
语篇解读：本文是一篇新闻报道。文章报道了社交媒体滤镜让改变外貌变得轻而易举，但也带来了对女性外貌不切实际的期望。Katia通过发布视频，展示了自己真实而不完美的面容，引发了人们的关注和感谢。
13.B　根据文章首句可知，社交媒体让用滤镜改变外貌变得很容易，所以当你迫切需要录制视频且状态不佳时，滤镜就能派上用场。come in handy派上用场。needy需要帮助的；handy有用的，方便的；fashionable时尚的；surprising令人惊讶的。
14.A　上文提到人们用滤镜来改变外貌的现象，所以有很多关于滤镜使用的讨论。use使用；fix修理；production生产；appearance外观。
15.A　因滤镜可以改变外貌，让女性变得不真实，所以会让人们对女性的容貌产生不切实际的期望。place以某种态度对待（或看待）；force强迫；show显示；look看。
16.C　根据下文to prove that可知，一位女士承担责任揭下滤镜来证明。pull off靠边停车；put off推迟；peel off剥去，揭掉；come off脱落。
17.D　根据语境可知，她的脸实际上不是戴上滤镜的样子。副词actually用于引出真实情况。sharply尖锐地；sincerely真诚地；eventually最终；actually实际上。
18.A　根据上文可知，使用Bold Glamour滤镜后的脸与真实的脸不一样了，所以会让人们怀疑对自己脸的感知。perception感知；attention注意；recognition识别；attraction吸引。
19.D　滤镜让人产生怀疑，说明对比太不真实，不敢相信。unexpected意外的；unfamiliar不熟悉的；uncertain不确定的；unreal不真实的。
20.D　根据下文She puts on another可知，Katia还用了其他滤镜做演示，并没有止于Bold Glamour。experiment做试验；continue继续；agree同意；stop停止，结束。
21.C　根据下文revealing an inflamed and imperfect facef可知，Katia去掉了妆容，露出真实的脸。wear穿着；apply应用；remove去掉；hate讨厌。
22.B　根据下文可知，这是人们对Katia的评论。flat公寓；comment评论；spot地点；face脸。
23.B　根据上文this message is so important可知，评论者认为Katia传递了重要信息，感谢提醒。article文章；reminder提醒；costume服装；poster海报。
24.B　根据常识可知，在现实生活中，我们都有不完美之处。beauty美丽；imperfection不完美；question问题；suggestion建议。
25.D　Katia关滤镜、卸妆，展示了不完美的真实自己，这是一种诚实。此处意为“作为一个成熟的女人，我很欣赏你的诚实”。effort努力；interest兴趣；skill技能；honesty诚实。
26.A　根据上文do harm to people’s self esteem和下文to something that’s not real可推知，把自己和滤镜后不真实的形象进行比较，会让人感到自卑，伤害自尊。compare比较；addict上瘾；put放置；throw扔。
27.C　根据上文可知，Katia通过勇敢展示真实的自己，揭开了社交媒体的帷幕，让人们看到了真实的自己，看清了现实。pull back the curtain指“拉开窗帘或帷幕，揭示事物真相或隐藏的部分”。wall墙；board木板；curtain帷幕；floor地板。
Ⅲ.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。作者在车祸中失去右手后装了一个假肢，但是不好用，后来作者重新装了一只机械手后一切都改变了。
28.lost　考查动词的时态。空处为After引导的时间状语从句的谓语，根据时间状语two years ago可知，此处描述过去发生的事情，用一般过去时。故填lost。
29.believing　考查非谓语动词。本句为主从复合句，After引导时间状语从句，主句中已有谓语动词began，此处应用非谓语动词。动词believe和其逻辑主语I之间是主谓关系，应用动词-ing形式作状语。故填believing。
30.was equipped　考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。主语I和动词equip之间是被动关系，且此处是描述过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时的被动语态。故填was equipped。
31.which　考查定语从句。空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰前面整个主句的内容，在从句中作主语，故填which。
32.however　考查副词。上文提到假肢不好用，即使是很简单的事情也很难完成，与下文“一切都改变了”之间是转折关系，且空后有逗号，应用副词，故填however。
33.amazingly　考查词形转换。空处作状语修饰整个句子，应用副词形式。故填amazingly。
34.used　考查非谓语动词。此处是“with＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构，动词use和宾语special rubber是逻辑上的动宾关系，此处应用过去分词作宾语补足语。故填used。
35.hobbies　考查名词复数。hobby意为“业余爱好”，为可数名词，根据空前的all可知，此处应用复数形式，故填hobbies。
36.since　考查连词。结合句意可知，此处指“自从我有了新手”，故填since。
37.more confident　考查形容词的比较级。根据do more并结合语境可知，此处应用形容词的比较级，故填more confident。
Section Ⅲ　Developing ideas
基础知识自测
维度一
1.defects　2.immense　3.heartbreaking　4.repay
5.profound　6.kidnapped　7.compassion　8.motive
9.resembled　10.accent
维度二
1.novelist　2.graceful　3.comprehension　4.expression　5.tenderness
维度三
1.adjust to
2.was sentenced to death
3.out of mercy
4.attempt to climb
5.Fascinated by
6.never have we been more connected
维度四
1.be formed　2.However　3.to break　4.whether
5.awareness　6.neither　7.explanation　8.unfortunate
9.remembered　10.swam
素养能力提升
Ⅰ.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者并没有让严重的视力障碍变成自己生活的阻碍，而是继续做喜欢的事情，在结婚有了孩子之后可以帮忙照顾孩子，在成为祖母之后独自加入旅行团去欣赏世界的美丽。
1.D　细节理解题。根据第一段中的Within a few days， I was diagnosed （诊断） with a severe visual impairment （视力障碍）.In fact， I was practically blind.Amazingly， I’d managed to reach the age of 13 without anyone realizing， not even me！可知，在作者13岁被诊断出视力障碍之前，没有人意识到她的视力很差。
2.C　词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句后的I was terrible — always mixing up sugar and salt！可知，作者总是弄混糖和盐，因此她是不擅长烹饪的。由此推知，forte意为“长处”，与strength意思相近。
3.C　细节理解题。根据第三段中的I could change nappies （尿布） and dress the kids fine — it just took a little longer as I relied on touch to work out where things were.可知，虽然作者视力不好，但是可以为孩子们换尿布以及穿衣服，因此是可以帮忙照顾孩子的。
4.D　推理判断题。通读全文可知，作者虽然有严重的视力障碍，但是这没有成为她生活的阻碍，她乐观地继续做喜欢的事情，在结婚有了孩子之后可以帮忙照顾孩子，在成为祖母之后独自加入旅行团去欣赏世界的美丽，视力问题不妨碍她用心去体验生命。由此可知，作者的故事告诉我们，每个人都可以用积极的心态享受生命的美好。
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章通过描述女教师朱莉娅通过100天穿同一件裙子这件事，引起人们尤其是她的学生们对时尚的思考，教育孩子们不能以貌取人，要把时间和精力花在有意义的事情上。
5.D　细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句可知，朱莉娅想让人们尤其是她的学生们用一种新的方式思考时尚，同时思考我们现在所处的这种“过度文化”。由此可知，朱莉娅100天穿同一件裙子是为了引起人们对时尚和生活的深思。
6.A　观点态度题。根据第二段内容可知，学生们对这个实验反应很积极，他们完全理解朱莉娅想传达的“不要关注人们穿什么而应关注人们做什么”，即“不要以貌取人”的观点，许多学生因可以谈论那种只关注外表的行为有多愚蠢而感到兴奋。由此可知，学生们对以貌取人这个看法是反对的。
7.C　段落大意题。第四段通过叙述朱莉娅修补裙子上的破洞、穿围裙防止弄脏裙子、周末洗裙子这些事情说明了朱莉娅为了保证衣服干净整洁，以达到她这件裙子能穿100天来让人们对时尚和生活进行深思的目的而做出的努力。
8.B　推理判断题。根据最后一段可知，朱莉娅关心地球的健康状况，耐心对待学生，认真对待日常生活，把更多的精力投入更有意义、更有价值的事情上。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一项生物科学技术成果——给机械手臂增加触觉感知功能。虽然该技术还处于试验阶段，触觉功能还不够自然逼真，但依然大大提高了使用者操作机械手臂的效率。
9.B　段落大意题。根据第一段内容可知，作者在第一段介绍了触觉的重要性。
10.A　推理判断题。根据第三段第一句以及第四段最后一句可推知，植入电极阵列是为了让操作机械手臂的人能感受到物体。
11.B　推理判断题。根据最后一段Robert Gaunt说的话可推知，他认为该项研究是有前景的。
12.D　标题归纳题。通读全文可知，本文介绍了一项生物科学技术成果，给机械手臂增加触觉感知功能后可提高使用者的操作效率。因此D项（触觉改善机械臂的控制）最适合作文章标题。
Ⅱ.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。有些人似乎有能力毫不费力地吸引别人，它可能看起来像一种神奇的力量。文章主要就如何培养吸引人的魅力介绍了一些方法。
13.B　根据下文The answer is： to a large extent， yes， you can.可知，空处应为一般疑问句，B项（所以，你能学会发展超人的魅力吗？）与下文衔接恰当。
14.C　根据上文How should we deal with this？可知，C项（有一个非常简单的工具：你的微笑）可以为这个问题给出具体的解决方法，同时衔接空后一句，说明微笑的好处。
15.F　下文具体介绍是友不是敌的信号表达，F项（我们的大脑会审视周围的环境寻找是敌是友的信号）可以和下文衔接恰当。
16.D　根据上文In other words， you should not talk about yourself and all your wonderful achievements.可知，D项（相反，你需要表现出对他们的兴趣）可以衔接上文，说明正确的做法是要关注对方。
17.A　根据上文And if all else fails， you can fall back on that most British of topics： the weather.可知，A项（这是一个很好的开始）可以承接上文，说明谈论天气是打开话题的好方法。
Section Ⅳ　Writing about a literary work
Ⅰ.
语篇解读：本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者是个身材肥胖的学生，怕被别人嘲笑，他想成为运动型的人；但父亲告诉作者应该把肥胖看作自己的优点，这样可以做更多有意义的事情。作者回想起父亲的话，感触颇多，十分感谢父亲的鼓励。
1.B　根据常识可知，在人们的印象中，肥胖的、有点笨的孩子容易被人嘲笑。impression印象。
2.B　参见上题解析。
3.A　根据下文的in all the sports可知，作者决心变成一个运动型的人。athletic运动的。
4.D　上文说作者要成为一个运动型的人，由此可知，此处表示作者要进行运动。play sports“做运动”，为固定搭配。
5.D　根据下文throughout high school可知，作者参加了一个交际舞班，一直坚持到高中毕业。follow跟随，遵循。
6.C　根据下文but his death可知，作者的父亲在9·11恐怖袭击事件中去世了。
7.C　根据上文可知，因为作者父亲在9·11恐怖袭击事件中去世了，所以这16个月对作者来说很艰难。tough艰难的。
8.D　根据下文That advice he gave me now comes back so vividly可知，父亲生前对作者说的话让作者感触颇多，对作者有影响，所以父亲去世后作者对自己的体型有了新的认识。light （理解某人或某物的）方式，角度。
9.C　根据下文and he told me可知，作者和父亲曾经聊了很久。
10.B　根据下文that I should use it可知，作者的父亲认为肥胖是上天给作者的礼物，作者应该好好地使用它。
11.C　根据下文I know that my size will 　14　 me to achieve many positive things可知，作者的父亲建议作者充分发挥自己的潜能，这样可以做更多积极的事情。potential潜能。
12.D　根据下文and hold my head up high可知，父亲让作者昂起头来。由此可知，父亲让作者以自己为骄傲。take pride in以……为骄傲。
13.A　上文提到作者的父亲在9·11恐怖袭击事件中去世，所以此处指作者父亲的建议在作者的记忆中历历在目。
14.B　根据下文achieve many positive things和上文描述可知，因为作者以自己的身材为骄傲，所以作者认为自己的身材可以让自己能够实现很多积极的事情。enable使能够。
15.C　根据倒数第二段内容可知，父亲的话给了作者鼓励，所以此处指作者想起父亲对他说的话。
Ⅱ.
　　In an English class discussion about the beauty filter function on smartphones， diverse opinions emerged among us.
　　Some argue that the beauty filter enhances one’s appearance and boosts one’s self-confidence.However， others think that excessive use of beauty filters can develop unrealistic beauty standards and distort people’s perception of their own natural beauty.
　　As far as I’m concerned， while beauty filters can be fun to use occasionally， it’s crucial to recognize that true beauty lies in embracing our distinctive features.By celebrating our individuality， we can cultivate a genuine sense of self-confidence that radiates from within.
Ⅲ.
　　The girl became silent and fell into thought.She asked herself，“When adversity knocks on my door， how do I respond？ Am I a carrot， an egg or a coffee bean？” She hesitated for a moment， and then had an answer in mind.She didn’t want to be the carrots that were easily defeated.She decided that she would learn from the eggs to have a hardened heart after experiencing hardship.More importantly， she was determined to become the coffee beans to change the hot water.She started to believe that she was able to overcome all the difficulties and finally got success.
　　The girl changed completely from then on.She became strong and brave and didn’t give up easily.She began to face life with a positive attitude.No matter what problems she came across， she would always remember the lesson her mother had taught her.She knew that more difficulties would only make her stronger， and after having overcoming them， she could change them into something nice.Finally， after accepting many challenges， she was able to live the life she wanted.
UNIT 2　A life’s work
Section Ⅰ　Starting out & Understanding ideas
基础知识自测
维度一
1.fascination　2.faraway　3.celebrities　4.grocery　5.craft
6.posed
维度二
1.fascination　2.fashionable　3.uncomplicated　4.devotion
5.grocery　6.anthropologist
维度三
1.rather than
2.nothing more than
3.devotion to
4.no matter how much you may disagree with them
5.a wide range of events
6.It was with your help that
维度四
1.most important　2.inspiration　3.that　4.were wearing　5.belonged　6.brands　7.what　8.offered　9.focused　10.for
素养能力提升
Ⅰ.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了残疾人Sadaf不顾他人的质疑用行动证明自己的励志故事。
1.C　细节理解题。根据第四段中的Things worsened when her father， her “only source of support”， passed away.可知，Sadaf的父亲是她的支柱，是唯一一个支持鼓励她的人，因此父亲的去世让她失去了精神支柱。
2.B　细节理解题。根据第六段中的By now， I’ve realized that I have to either end my life or struggle to prove myself.以及第七段中的But I wanted to try my hands at everything.So I decided to play basketball as well.可知，Sadaf试着打篮球是为了证明自己。
3.D　推理判断题。根据第七至九段可知，Sadaf虽然残疾，但是她开店、打篮球、做生意，非常能干，而且在别人的质疑中勇敢地证明自己的能力。因此用“有决心，有能力”描述Sadaf最好。
4.B　推理判断题。根据Sadaf 的故事以及最后一段内容可推知，她建议人们要去证明自己的能力，而不要让残疾限制自己。
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了面塑手艺人康健机缘巧合下与面塑结下不解之缘，开始他的非遗传承之路的故事。
5.D　细节理解题。根据第二段中的The small， simple objects ...and planted the seeds of fine art， especially sculpture， in my heart.可知，康健儿时捏面团的经历激发了他后来学习面塑的兴趣。
6.A　细节理解题。根据第三段中的learning skills from Bai Chunyu和another national-level inheritor 可知，康健利用业余时间抓住机会，向其他面塑传承人学习面塑技艺。
7.A　观点态度题。根据第四段中的I practiced every day from 6 am until late at night ...to relieve the pain.But all the efforts turned out to be worth it.可推知，康健觉得自己学习面塑的过程虽然很辛苦但很值得做。
8.C　细节理解题。根据第五段中的the real value ...lies in its connection with traditional Chinese culture可知，康健认为将面塑做成中国传统民间故事中的形象有助于中国文化的表达和传播。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了个性测试与职业选择的关系，并告诉人们应如何选择合适的职业。
9.C　推理判断题。根据第一段第一句可推知，他们认为通过个性测试来选择职业是不合理的。
10.B　细节理解题。根据第一段中的the results are probably a lot more accurate than I’d like to admit以及I think it might have had some points that fit my personality可知，作者认为该测试结果与她性格的某些方面相符。
11.D　推理判断题。根据第二段第二、三句可知，想要寻找到梦想的工作，只能通过自己，只有了解了自己，才能找到适合自己的工作。
12.B　细节理解题。根据倒数第二段最后一句可知，这名学生晕船严重，因而不适合这项工作。
Ⅱ.
语篇解读：本文是一篇议论文。在科学领域，很多突破源于幸运的意外，有时源于科学家的不断追求和不放弃。作者得出结论：只有当社会愿意投资于这些梦想家并且认识到并非所有的投资都会带来重大突破时，才有可能获得改变世界的科学突破。
13.E　根据第一段第二至三句可知，获得改变世界的科学突破需要什么呢？有些是幸运的意外加上好奇心的结果。E项（其他重大突破源于科学家对特定想法的追求）与第一段相呼应，符合语境。
14.F　本段主要讲科学家对特定想法的追求可能会取得改变世界的科学突破，所以在讲完科学家对特定想法的追求可能产生的不良结果后，还需说明可能产生的有价值的结果（这是重点）。F项（但有时这条路会带来重大突破，如X光和疫苗）与上句构成转折关系，与前面“一无所获”的结果相反，符合语境。
15.D　上文介绍了弗莱明发现青霉素，卡里科使所有mRNA疫苗成为可能，通过实现自己的梦想，这些科学家获得了名利和更宝贵的东西。D项（因为他们，全世界数百万人避免了生病或死亡）符合语境。
16.B　空前一句谈到：对许多科学家来说，痴迷于一个不太可能实现的梦并没有得到回报，空后两句谈到：结果是大自然并不会像他们预测的那样运转。最终，他们美好的理论被残酷的事实扼杀。B项（他们的想法虽然很棒，但最终被证明是错误的）与上下文关系密切，符合语境。
17.G　根据空前一句可知，归根结底，只有社会愿意投资于梦想家，认识到并非所有的投资都会带来重大突破，科学突破才有可能实现；根据空后一句可知，最重要的是，投资可以防止痛苦和死亡，并改变世界。G项（然而，带来突破的投资会带来更大的经济回报）符合语境，与空前一句形成转折，同时，与下文形成递进关系。
Section Ⅱ　Using language
基础知识自测
维度一
1.where　2.why　3.that　4.whose　5.where　6.what
7.when　8.whether　9.because
维度二
1.where my strength lies
2.why my parents were/got angry with me
3.that they have all suffered a lot
4.because they are too tired
5.who can be sent there
6.as if/though it is missing something
维度三
1.that　2.whether　3.that　4.what　5.that　6.where
素养能力提升
Ⅰ.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了身残志坚的Gregory Burns的励志故事。
1.B　细节理解题。根据第一段中的He has gained many achievements in his life despite the fact that he had polio（小儿麻痹症） as a child.可知，Gregory Burns是一个取得很多成就的人。
2.A　细节理解题。根据第三段中的But it wasn’t until he returned to art that he truly felt fulfilled.可知，Burns真正感到满足是当他重新学习艺术，成为艺术家时。
3.A　推理判断题。根据第三段最后一句可知，尽管Burns小时候得了小儿麻痹症，但这并没阻挡他追求自己的梦想并鼓励身边的人。由此可推断出，Burns是一个有决心的人。
4.D　推理判断题。从Burns的故事中，我们可以知道：只要你有梦想，并为之努力，即使你有残疾，也不会阻挡你追寻梦想的脚步。因此“世界会给那些有目标的人让路”是我们可以从Burns身上学到的。
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Isaac Newton、Carl Scheele以及Eugene Shoemaker三位科学家冒着健康和生命危险寻找真理的事迹。
5.B　词义猜测题。第二段列举了Isaac Newton的两个实验，在第一个实验中，为了测试光线如何穿过透镜，他把一根长针插进眼睛，推到后面，然后移动它，看看会发生什么，结果是Luckily， nothing long-lasting did.。在第二个实验中，他久久地盯着太阳，想看看这对他的视力有什么影响，根据画线词所在句可知，Isaac Newton不得不在一间黑暗的房间里待上几天，直到他的眼睛恢复，说明他的眼睛避免了遭受永久性的伤害。结合本句中的Again可知，permanent与上文中的long-lasting对应，意为“永久的”。
6.C　推理判断题。根据第三段最后两句可知，他是一位非常聪明的科学家，但他的一个缺点是有一个好奇的习惯，即对他所研究的每一种物质都要尝一些。这种危险的做法终于产生了问题。1786年，他被发现死在实验室里，周围有大量的危险化学品，任何一种化学品都有可能导致他的死亡。由此可推测，Carl Scheele喜欢品尝化学物质的习惯可能是他死亡的原因。
7.A　细节理解题。根据最后一段中的While driving in the Tanami desert， normally one of the emptiest places in the world， another vehicle crashed into them and Shoemaker was killed on the spot.可知，当Shoemaker和他的妻子在塔纳米沙漠开车时，另一辆车撞上了他们，Shoemaker当场死亡。
8.C　主旨大意题。文章主要讲述了Isaac Newton、Carl Scheele以及Eugene Shoemaker三位科学家冒着健康和生命危险寻找真理的事迹，即三位伟大的科学家为真理所作出的牺牲。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章从亓昊楠的视角介绍了故宫古钟表修复工作。
9.C　细节理解题。根据第二段中的What amazes me most about these clocks is that they combine the scientific advances， technological precision and the trend in decorative art of their particular era.可知，这些古钟表多领域技术的结合让亓昊楠印象深刻。
10.B　推理判断题。根据第三段中的He notes that the job requires extreme patience ...and， in this case， haste can do a great deal of damage.可知，古钟表的维修工作需要极大的耐心，修得快则有可能造成很大的损害。由此推知，提到More haste， less speed是为了说明修古钟表需要的品质——耐心、细致。
11.B　推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的Masters in the Forbidden City， brought the profession into the national consciousness ...As a result， in 2017， Qi got two apprentices （学徒） and Wang got three.可知，这个电视纪录片为人们揭开了这项工作的神秘面纱，让更多的人了解了这项工作并参与其中。因此Masters in the Forbidden City揭露了鲜为人知的职业——古钟表修复。
12.A　推理判断题。根据最后一段可知，亓昊楠认为随着关注度的提升，古钟表修复的未来是光明的。promising前景很好的；unpredictable不可预测的；declining越来越少的；stable稳定的。
Ⅱ.
语篇解读：本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章通过反复被拒的Joe坚持不懈并最终实现目标的故事告诉人们：被拒绝并不总是痛苦的，通往最终目标的道路有很多，但有时经受的拒绝可能是通向目标的更加确定的道路。
13.C　根据上文Rejection doesn’t always hurt.可知，拒绝并不总是痛苦的，有时候拒绝会创造出一条通往目标的更加确定的路。follow跟随；lead带领；create创造；clear清除。
14.B　根据语境可知，粉丝们一直很期待Joe在本赛季季后赛中的表现。study学习；perform履行，表演，表现；train训练，培训；join参加。
15.D　but表示转折，上文说Joe梦想在NFL打球，所以这里是说他通往NFL的旅程并不容易。tough艰难的；fun有趣的；attractive吸引人的；easy容易的，轻易的。
16.A　but表示转折，上文说他申请了好几所大学，根据空前的none可知，没有一所大学录取他。accept接受；remember记得；reject拒绝；ignore忽视。
17.A　根据上文可知，Joe是一名足球运动员。but前后表示转折，上文说他进入了俄亥俄州立大学，所以这里应是说他没有上场比赛的机会，在替补席上坐了三年。bench场边的运动员休息区，替补队员席；stand货摊；team队；stage舞台。
18.C　Joe在替补席上坐了三年却没有上场的机会，这说明教练不看好他，认为他没有潜力。chance机会；resource资源；potential潜力；enthusiasm热情。
19.B　根据上文He applied to several colleges和下文Then he applied to Louisiana State University可知，这里表示他向内布拉斯加州大学提出申请。sign up for报名（参加课程）；apply to向……申请；attend to处理，照料；search for寻找。
20.D　根据空前的the Heisman Trophy可知，他是海兹曼奖的获得者。fan迷，狂热爱好者；adviser顾问，忠告者；learner学习者；winner获胜者。
21.C　根据上文Joe多次遭到拒绝后最终在努力坚持下实现目标的故事并结合常识可知，通向最终目标的道路有许多种，而Joe的这种道路非常艰辛。similar相似的；smooth平滑的，顺利的；multiple数量多的，多种多样的；flat平坦的。
22.B　这里it是形式主语，真正的主语是strong endurance and determination to reach them。这里表达的是通向这些目标需要强大的耐力和决心。cost需付费，价钱为；take需要，要求；make制作；offer主动提出。
23.C　根据第一段中的Sometimes rejection may 　13　a more certain path to our final goals.可知，这里指的是拒绝不能阻止你实现目标。theory理论；training训练；rejection拒绝；excuse借口。
24.A　根据空后的your long-term goals可知，这里表示实现长期目标。achieve实现；plan计划；announce宣告；explain解释。
25.D　根据face it bravely并结合语境可知，要勇敢面对痛苦，就要首先承认痛苦。affect影响；emphasize强调；estimate估计，估价；acknowledge承认，感谢。
26.B　根据上文the pain that comes from disappointment和空后的outcome of being rejected可知，这里指被拒绝的负面结果。active积极的；negative消极的；possible可能的；predictable可预料的。
27.A　结合Joe的故事可知，Joe虽然多次遭到拒绝，但他没有沉浸在受伤之中并放弃目标，而是坚持自己最初的目标，不断申请学校，寻找提升的机会，最终他获得了成功，本文建议要把注意力放在目标上而不是被拒绝的负面结果上，被拒绝的伤害来自我们对它的理解方式，积极看待它或许会获得更好的结果，而消极看待它则会一直沉浸在痛苦之中。interpret诠释，理解；imagine想象；explore探索；escape逃跑。
Ⅲ.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国中学校长张桂梅的故事。
28.with　考查固定搭配。be honored with获得荣誉。故填with。
29.has seen　考查动词的时态和主谓一致。根据时间状语从句Since it opened in 2008可知，谓语用现在完成时，主语是it，助动词用has。故填has seen。
30.（was） sitting　考查非谓语动词/动词的时态。分析句子结构和意思可知，动词sit是被修饰的名词girl主动发出的动作，所以用动词-ing形式作补语。也可以理解为noticed后面跟宾语从句，空处作从句的谓语动词，表示当时正在发生的动作，用过去进行时，主语是girl，be动词用was。故填（was） sitting。
31.blankly　考查词形转换。修饰动词staring应用副词，故填blankly。
32.to build　考查非谓语动词。persuade sb to do sth说服某人做某事。故填to build。
33.that　考查同位语从句。分析句子结构可知，women drop out of education， marry early and spend 34.　　　　　　 （they） whole lives in the remote mountain解释前面名词spell的内容，是同位语从句，从句基本成分完整，上下文意思连贯，故填that。
34.their　考查代词。空处作定语，修饰后面的名词短语whole lives，应用形容词性物主代词。故填their。
35.was founded　考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。这句话描述的是过去的事情，动词found和主语a free public high school是被动关系，所以用一般过去时的被动语态，主语是a free public high school，故填was founded。
36.graduates　考查名词复数。名词graduate前面有More than 1，800修饰，所以用复数形式。故填graduates。
37.which　考查定语从句。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是整个主句的内容，在从句中作主语。故填which。
Section Ⅲ　Developing ideas
基础知识自测
维度一
1.nonetheless　2.precious 　3.polishes 　4.bark
5.preserve 　6.dominated 　7.antiques　8.modest
9.maximum　10.essay
维度二
1.associated　2.analysis　3.architectural　4.dominant
5.restoration 　6.ambitious
维度三
1.originated from
2.day in， day out
3.are associated with
4.at their own pace
5.take on
6.If it hadn’t rained so hard last night
维度四
1.restoring　2.taken　3.as　4.collections　5.originating　6.to　7.most　8.endless　9.that　10.skilful
素养能力提升
Ⅰ.
语篇解读：本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要介绍了被称为“中国诺贝尔奖”的未来科学奖，并介绍了荣获2023年未来科学奖的八名科学家的成就。
1.C　推理判断题。根据第二段、第五段以及第六段内容可知，八位科学家因为他们对科学的卓越贡献获奖。
2.D　推理判断题。根据第三段中的He emphasized that this recognition was not only for himself but also for the team’s years of hard work.可知，根据 Chai 的说法，合作促成了他们的发现。
3.A　推理判断题。根据第五段内容可知，他们的研究揭示了高温材料的潜在物理机制，是开创性的。
4.D　写作意图题。根据全文内容可知，本文是为了介绍2023年被称为“中国诺贝尔奖”的未来科学奖。
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了印象派代表人物莫奈的成名历程以及他在绘画领域做出的贡献。
5.B　细节理解题。根据第一段中的It was Monet’s childhood， spent along the beaches and the knowledge he gained of the sea and the rapidly shifting Norman weather that would one day give rise to his fresh vision of nature.可知，莫奈对大自然产生了新的视角是因为三个方面：童年在海边度过、海洋知识和快速变化的诺曼气候，B项是对这三个方面内容的概括。
6.D　细节理解题。根据第一段中的perhaps at her suggestion， Claude went to study drawing with a local artist.But his life as a painter did not begin until he was befriended by Eugène Boudin， who introduced Monet to the practice of painting in the open air可知，莫奈跟随一位当地艺术家学画，之后又跟Eugène Boudin进行户外绘画的实践和学习，所以说莫奈是从其他艺术家那里接受教育的。
7.C　细节理解题。根据第二段中的In order to avoid the Franco-German War， he left his family and traveled to London.可知，为了逃离战争，莫奈去了伦敦。
8.B　段落大意题。根据最后一段中的His influence on other artists was wide-ranging.可知，最后一段主要讲了莫奈对其他艺术家的影响。
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者深受父亲影响，对工作坚持不懈并严格要求自己的故事。
9.C　细节理解题。根据第一段中的He demanded the exact same of himself.Every brick he cleaned on the house stood out like a red jewel in a white setting.可知，作者的父亲在工作中要求很高。
10.B　细节理解题。根据第二段中的I moved out of my parent’s modest place into a housing project.Drugs and gang violence were just beginning to damage the projects.可知，住房项目被毒品和帮派暴力所困扰。
11.C　细节理解题。根据第三段中的It was hard， tedious work.可知，作者作库管员时要忍受艰苦和乏味。
12.A　推理判断题。根据最后一段内容可知，作者受父亲的影响，对工作坚持不懈，作者也希望后代人都能保持这份传统。因此从作者的工作经历看，坚持不懈的精神可以传递给下一代。
Ⅱ.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章就如何减少人们对失败的恐惧给出了四个方法。
13.D　上文讲述了人们害怕失败的现象和背后的心理因素，下文讲述了失败存在的普遍性，D项（我们中的许多人可能曾经经历过这种情况）符合语境。
14.G　根据Analyze all potential outcomes.可知，本段主要讲减少人们对失败恐惧的方法之一——分析事情将产生的所有（好坏）结果，G项（许多人害怕失败是因为他们害怕未知）是对段落主旨的阐释。
15.F　根据Set small goals.可知，本段主要讲减少人们对失败恐惧的方法之一——设定小目标。结合上文So start by setting a few small goals.可知，该空应该讲具体如何设置小目标，F项（这些目标应该具有轻微的挑战性，但不是压倒性的挑战性）符合语境，对上文的小目标具体解释。
16.B　根据Learn to think more positively.可知，本段主要讲减少人们对失败恐惧的方法之一——学会更积极地思考。结合上文Every coin has two sides.可知，该空应该讲积极思考事物两面性后应该怎么做，B项（你来决定要看哪一面）符合语境。
17.A　根据下文可知，本段在谈论最坏的情况，A项（看看更糟糕的情况）符合语境。
Ⅲ.
　　Last Friday， our school organized a screening of a documentary， which explores the profound theme of unwavering dedication and mastery in craftsmanship.
　　The documentary focuses on representative craftsmen in different fields， highlighting the significance of commitment and innovation in their work.The audience was fascinated by the intricate details and precision presented in each craft.
　　After the screening， the audience expressed their admiration for the craftsmen and their commitment to their work.Overall， the documentary left a lasting impression， reminding us of the value of craftsmanship and inspiring us to strive for excellence.
Section Ⅳ　Writing an expository essay
Ⅰ.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。作者讲述了自己勇敢选择自己喜欢的事业和人生，并取得成功的故事。
1.B　根据上文I’ve always been creative since I was a little girl.以及下文filled with arts， crafts and music可知，作者从小就很有创造力，童年里每天都做各种创作。learn学习；creation创作；imagination想象力；amusement娱乐，娱乐活动。
2.C　上文与空后的somewhere along the way I lost touch with my creative self为转折关系。besides此外；therefore因此；however然而；otherwise否则。
3.A　根据上文upon graduation可知，作者找到一份工作。land成功得到，捞到（尤指许多人想得到的工作）；desire渴望；shift转移；handle处理，应付。
4.A　根据上文I would go to the office， sit at my desk and repeat the same work.可知，作者觉得这样的日子很无聊。boring令人厌烦的，乏味的；interesting有趣的；rewarding值得做的，报酬高的；challenging富于挑战性的。
5.B　根据下文内容可知，作者决定做出改变，重拾自己小时候的爱好。survey调查；change变化；commitment承诺；preparation准备。
6.C　根据下文As I dreamt bigger， later I 　8　 a part-time design course.I took classes two nights a week.可知，作者去上了社区大学的缝纫课程。teach教；pass 经过；attend参加，上（学）；design设计。
7.C　根据语境可知，这个仅为期五周的课程，唤醒了作者的兴趣。maintain维护；increase增加；awaken唤醒，唤起；protect保护。
8.D　根据下文I took classes two nights a week.可知，作者报名了设计课程。benefit from得益于；try out for参加……选拔；come up with找到（答案），拿出（一笔钱等）；sign up for报名参加。
9.A　根据下文As it became clearer that 　10　 was where my love lay可知，设计课程让作者找到了自己热爱的东西。passion激情，酷爱；recognition承认；curiosity好奇心；innovation创新，改革。
10.C　根据下文working at the company became harder可知，作者意识到自己喜欢时装设计。arts技艺，人文科学；crafts工艺，手艺；fashion时尚，时装业；adventure冒险。
11.D　根据上文I felt bored.可知，作者所做的工作让作者感觉没有动力，没有成就感。promotion晋升，促销；vacation假期；business商业，企业；motivation动力。
12.D　根据空后studying my design course full time可知，作者最终决定辞职，全职学习设计。initially最初；instantly立刻；gradually逐渐地；eventually最终。
13.A　参见上题解析。job工作；dream梦想；interest兴趣；decision决定。
14.B　根据of my own fashion brand可知，作者是自己的时装品牌的设计师。teacher教师；designer设计师；inventor发明家；musician音乐家。
15.B　根据空后setting the wheels of change has led me to where I am today可知，作者对于自己做出改变从事自己热爱的设计行业感到非常幸运。inspired受到启发的，能力卓越的；blessed有福的，幸运的；relieved放心的，宽慰的；impressed有深刻的好印象。
Ⅱ.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章从几个方面介绍了终身学习的重要性。
16.is　考查动词的时态和主谓一致。根据语境可知，本文说明了终身学习的重要性，时态应用一般现在时；主语The answer是单数，故填is。
17.their　考查代词。此处修饰名词lives，应用形容词性物主代词their，指代主语people。
18.who/that　考查定语从句。设空处引导定语从句，在从句中作主语，先行词是People，指人，应用关系代词who/that。
19.doctors　考查名词的单复数。此处泛指“医生”，doctor是可数名词，应用名词复数表泛指。故填doctors。
20.to prepare　考查非谓语动词。get sb to do sth为固定搭配，意为“使某人做某事”。
21.on/upon　考查介词。depend on/upon ...意为“依靠……”，为固定搭配。
22.easily　考查副词。此处应用副词修饰动词短语take advantage of。
23.healthy　考查形容词。stay相当于系动词be，此处应用形容词，与independent并列。stay healthy意为“保持健康”。
24.how　考查疑问词。此处为“疑问词＋to do”结构，作动词learning的宾语；根据句意可知，表示“如何”，故填疑问词how。
25.a　考查冠词。此处泛指“一位91岁的老人”，91-year-old的发音以辅音音素开头，故填不定冠词a。
Ⅲ.
　　We started to meet regularly to draw up our panion as I was in the project， I still had no sense of participating in the project.My teammate kept his brain occupied in developing the hypothesis， setting up an experiment to test it， and running the tests alone， leaving me just standing beside him as if I were a fool.“What a dull project it is！” I murmured to myself.However， something changed gradually， as I became aware what the tactile-kinesthetic perception of space meant.Thanks to the intense， fiercely competitive， singularly serious fellow， the whole procedure went smoothly， close to the final stage.
　　One day in the middle of our project， I got word that he was admitted to hospital for a serious disease. Without any delay， I packed up my schoolbag， took all the experiment statistics and rushed to the hospital.Seeing the pale fellow wearing pure white clothes instead of the annoying dark clothes， I felt a sense of sympathy and mercy welling up in my heart.With his guidance， I finished the statistical analysis and presented the findings.It turned out to be such an amazing and persuasive study that my teammate and I did win the best grade.Now， we have been most reliable cooperative partners ever since！
UNIT 3　War and peace
Section Ⅰ　Starting out & Understanding ideas
基础知识自测
维度一
1.troops　2.commander　3.tanks　4.outstanding
5.liberate　6.Horror　7.violent　8.objective
维度二
1.barely　2.violence　3.liberation　4.horrible　5.memorial
维度三
1.make it
2.is made up of
3.nothing less than
4.prepare for
5.freeing people from
6.some measuring over 90 metres
维度四
1.troops　2.which　3.tides　4.issued　5.to fight
6.violence　7.fiercest　8.it　9.of　10.were seen
素养能力提升
Ⅰ.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了查尔斯·德鲁找到了处理和储存血液的新方法，还发明了移动献血站，帮助挽救了第二次世界大战期间无数的生命，因此被称为“血库之父”。
1.B　细节理解题。根据第一段第一句可知，在20世纪30年代末，医院面临的问题是无法储存血液。
2.D　细节理解题。根据第三段中的Using Presbyterian Hospital’s blood bank as ... processing blood plasma from nine New York hospitals.可知，德鲁组织了血浆的收集和处理。
3.A　推理判断题。根据最后一段最后两句可知，这个为期三个月的试点项目成为第一个红十字会血库的模型，德鲁在这个项目中贡献了创新方法。由此可推出，这个试点项目具有开创性。
4.B　标题归纳题。通读全文可知，本文主要讲述了查尔斯·德鲁找到了处理和储存血液的新方法，还发明了移动献血站，帮助挽救了第二次世界大战期间无数的生命，因此被称为“血库之父”。由此可推出，B项（血库的发明者）最适合作本文标题。
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了第一次世界大战爆发时，25岁的美国士兵Suleyman救了一个女孩，取名Flora。后来Flora被送入孤儿院，两人分开。多年后，两人再次取得了联系。
5.A　词义猜测题。根据画线词下文of the war， the girl was abandoned by her family and the whole village was killed可知，这个女孩被家人抛弃，整个村庄的人都被杀了。由此可知，战争血雨腥风、十分残酷，故画线词意为“残酷”。cruelty残酷；challenge挑战；range范围；stress压力。
6.C　细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的When the French National Olympic Team ...Suleyman gazed through the audience on TV， hoping to catch a glimpse of Flora， but he never could.可知，Suleyman观看1984年夏季奥运会是因为Flora可能在看比赛。
7.A　细节理解题。根据第四段中的For one and a half years， Flora and Suleyman became inseparable可知，一年半的时间里，Flora和Suleyman形影不离。
8.C　标题归纳题。根据文章内容可知，本文讲述了一个美国士兵在第一次世界大战期间救了一个法国小女孩，两人在一年半的时间里形影不离，后因故分开，最后又取得了联系的故事。由此可知，C项（失而复得的爱）适合作本文最佳标题。
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。“我”和同事们在诺曼底登陆纪念日前夕带领学生开展游学活动，引导学生感悟英勇顽强、奉献牺牲的精神。
9.D　细节理解题。根据第一、二段内容可知，二十多年来，作者都会带学生来到奥马哈海滩开展游学活动。
10.D　推理判断题。根据第三段中的Tears well up in my eyes at the memory of my father， who flew for 30 missions over France and Germany in the spring and summer of 1944.可知，作者的父亲在第二次世界大战期间曾执行了30次飞行任务。由此推断，作者的父亲二战期间在空军服役。
11.B　推理判断题。根据第五段中的“Bloody Omaha” was the deadliest beach of the landings.以及第六段中的Our students understand the sacrifices made that day and the cost of war， both humans and materials.可知，此次战争十分惨烈，美国人作出了巨大的牺牲。由此可知，列数字是为了表明美国人在这次任务中的牺牲。
12.B　推理判断题。根据第六段中的Pandemics，pollution and the threat of climate change present challenges that no previous generation has faced.可知，作者认为，年轻一代身处的世界充满挑战，发生了很多重大事件，变故也很多。peaceful和平的；eventful多变故的；fast-changing快速变化的；fully-globalized完全全球化的。
Ⅱ.
语篇解读：本文是一篇新闻报道。谢瑞·罗森布卢姆致力于宣传犹太游击队员反抗纳粹暴行的历史故事，为当代青少年呈现出不同于以往的历史视角。
13.F　F项提到的the violent act of Nazi camps与该空后一句提到的It was like watching a horror movie.相呼应，指出主人公谢瑞·罗森布卢姆和其他孩子一样受到的战争教育强化了纳粹的暴行和犹太人的软弱，符合语境。
14.D　根据空后一句可知，谢瑞向学生们宣扬犹太人反抗希特勒屠杀计划的历史，D项提到她努力讲述这段历史的不同部分，与上文It was totally the wrong way to be introduced to it相呼应，符合语境。
15.A　根据下文Some partisans were even younger.可知，许多游击队员是年轻人，故A项符合语境。
16.E　根据下文learning about this as a young Jew makes me feel proud to be Jewish可知，了解这些历史故事让犹太学生产生民族自豪感。因此，分享这些历史故事对犹太学生来说是极有用的，故E项符合语境。
17.G　该空后提到了这些历史给非犹太学生的三个启示，这与G项中的three things相呼应。
Section Ⅱ　Using language
基础知识自测
维度一
1.is　2.are　3.was bought　4.are； are　5.was bought
6.was/were　7.has been； are
维度二
1.There are various means
2.is one of my favorite subjects
3.is enough
4.are searching for
5.were having dinner
6.have passed； is really a long time
维度三
1.were　2.were　3.is　4.was　5.is　6.is covered　7.are
素养能力提升
Ⅰ.
语篇解读：本文是一篇新闻报道。文章讲述了Kateryna Shcherbyna为处于战乱、缺粮少食的马匹运送粮草的故事。
1.C　细节理解题。根据第一段中的horses were having trouble getting grain and hay可知，由于战乱导致运输不畅，Shcherbyna 的马匹缺少粮草。
2.B　细节理解题。根据第三段中的Shcherbyna came up with an idea to get a small bus to at least bring small amounts of feed to each stable.可知， Shcherbyna打算通过少量多次的办法来运输粮草。
3.A　观点态度题。根据第四段中的the only way to be safe was to release horses and get away as fast as possible ... There were military actions可推知，Shcherbyna认为一些马的主人放生马匹并逃跑，这在战乱期间是可以理解的选择。
4.C　细节理解题。根据末段中的Shcherbyna， who is hoping to find a horse-related position abroad可知，Shcherbyna未来想要去国外找一份和马有关的工作。
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了奥迪·墨菲在一次战役中的英勇行为。
5.B　细节理解题。根据第二段内容可知，在这次战役前墨菲已经获得了很多奖。
6.D　细节理解题。根据第三段第一句和As they ran for cover可知，墨菲让他的部队撤退到有掩护的地方。
7.C　细节理解题。根据第五段最后两句可知，墨菲身边的烟雾和战火使得敌军看不到他，因此他才得以幸存。
8.C　推理判断题。根据末段中的Reliving the horrors of combat in front of the camera proved difficult for Murphy，who had suffered from nightmares and flashbacks since returning home.可知，战后墨菲在精神上饱受折磨。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章探讨了特洛伊战争到底是神话还是真实的历史事件。
9.D　词义猜测题。根据画线部分前的内容可知，作者在阅读一本由多位伟大作家翻译的古代故事书时惊讶地发现，特洛伊战争的故事随处可见。众多作家都受到感动，翻译了这则古典神话的各种版本。由此可推知，画线部分指的是特洛伊战争能够“触动很多人的心弦”。
10.A　推理判断题。通读第二段可知，人们相信特洛伊战争是真实发生过的，这一点并不奇怪。由荷马创作的古希腊史诗《伊利亚特》描述了残酷的战争场景，那些描述如此果敢，让人很难相信它们不是基于观察来进行描写的。荷马对特洛伊古城的描述非常生动，仿佛把读者带入了这座古城。由此推知，《伊利亚特》中描述的特洛伊战争故事太过逼真。
11.B　细节理解题。根据第三段中的It was in fact ... the late 19th century.可知，事实上，在19世纪后期，正是因为有发现特洛伊古城的可能性，普鲁士富商海因里希·施里曼才前往希沙里克。
12.A　标题归纳题。通读全文可知，第一段首先介绍了特洛伊战争的故事引起了大家的共鸣，其中一个原因就是一直有人怀疑那场战争是真实发生过的；第二段和第三段介绍了很多人认为特洛伊战争是真实历史事件的原因；最后一段指出，实际情况与荷马描写的情况可能大不相同，但不论事实如何，特洛伊战争都具有特殊的历史意义。因此A项为本文最佳标题。
Ⅱ.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了主人公Alia Baker是一名图书管理员，在战争中，她在朋友的帮助下，先后两次转移图书，竭尽全力保护图书安全的故事。
13.A　根据上文可知，Alia Baker是图书管理员，热爱书籍的人应该是在她的图书馆见面，分享知识。meeting会面的；working工作上的；personal私人的；religious宗教的。
14.A　根据语境可知，当战争临近时，她担心战火会毁了这些书。worried担心的；angry生气的；doubtful怀疑的；curious好奇的。
15.B　Alia Baker担心战火会毁了这些书，由此可知，书在她心中是珍贵的，甚至比金山更珍贵。practical实际的；precious珍贵的；reliable可信赖的；expensive昂贵的。
16.A　根据下文but they refused可知，想要把书移到一个安全的地方，是需要得到政府的许可的。permission准许；confirmation证实；explanation解释；information信息。
17.D　根据上文可知，战争临近，Alia Baker担心战火会毁了这些书。由此可推断，她是想把书转移到一个安全的地方。large大的；public公共的；distant遥远的；safe安全的。
18.D　上文提到她请求政府准许把这些书移到一个安全的地方，但是他们拒绝了。所以她应该是秘密地做转移书的事情。fortunately幸运地；surprisingly令人惊讶地；seriously严肃地；secretly秘密地。
19.D　根据上文Her friends came to help her when the war broke out.可知，她的朋友来帮助她。由此可推断，Anis同意帮助她藏一些书。并且下文提到他们把书从图书馆里运出来，然后藏到餐馆里。intend打算；pretend假装；happen发生；agree同意。
20.C　根据语境可知，他们应该是先从图书馆取出书，越过七英尺高的墙，再传递给外面的人，才能把书运出去。put放；open打开；pass传递；throw扔。
21.A　根据上文Anis who owned a restaurant 　19　 to hide some books.可知，他们把书藏在餐馆里。hide藏；exchange交换；burn燃烧；distribute分配。
22.C　根据上文The books stayed hidden可知，书一直藏着，战争一直在持续。approach接近；erupt爆发；continue持续；end结束。
23.B　根据文章最后一句可知，Alia梦想着和平和一个新图书馆。由此可推断，之前的图书馆被烧毁了。restaurant餐馆；library图书馆；city城市；wall墙。
24.B　下文提到她雇了一辆卡车，把所有的书转移到郊区的朋友家。根据常识推断，只有轰炸停止了，士兵们离开了，Alia才有机会去转移书。neighbour邻居；soldier士兵；friend朋友；customer顾客。
25.D　下文提到她把书转移到郊区的朋友家，由此可推断出，此处应该是书被再次移动。sell卖；read读；save拯救；move移动。
26.C　根据上文One day， the bombing stopped and the 　24　 left.可知，轰炸停止了，士兵们离开了，城市此时应该是安静的。occupied被占领的；bombed烂醉如泥的；quiet安静的；busy忙碌的。
27.A　根据上文可知，一场大火把图书馆夷为平地，所以她一定是梦想着和平和一个新图书馆。dream of梦想；believe in相信；care about关心；look for寻找。
Ⅲ.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一部以抗日战争为背景的国产电影《黄河绝恋》。
28.a　考查冠词。story 是可数名词，此处泛指一个关于爱、勇气和决心的故事，且空后powerful的发音以辅音音素开头，故填不定冠词 a。
29.separated　考查非谓语动词。separate 和 a young couple 存在逻辑上的动宾关系，应用过去分词作定语。故填separated。
30.vividly　考查词形转换。根据空后的动词shows可知，本空应用副词形式。故填vividly。
31.With　考查介词。空处在句中作状语，意为“利用……”。故填With。
32.bravery　考查词形转换。根据空前的定冠词the及空后的of Chinese soldiers可知，本空应用名词 bravery作宾语。
33.to defend　考查非谓语动词。空处作目的状语，应用动词不定式形式，故填to defend。
34.courageous　考查词形转换。本空修饰名词spirit 作定语，应用形容词courageous，意为“勇往直前的精神”。
35.who　考查定语从句。句中先行词为表示“人”的代词 those，需用 who 引导限制性定语从句。
36.stands　考查动词的时态和主谓一致。本句的主语是the strength of love，且表示客观事实，应用一般现在时的第三人称单数形式。
37.has been touching　考查动词的时态。根据句中的时间状语ever since it first appeared on the screen 可知，此处需用现在完成时，另外根据 this influence will surely continue on and on 可知，这种影响将会继续下去，需用进行时态。故填has been touching。
Section Ⅲ　Developing ideas
基础知识自测
维度一
1.academic　2.representatives　3.peers　4.bombs
5.anniversary　6.rough　7.grain　8.emerge
维度二
1.collective　2.intellectually　3.academic　4.irrelevant
5.aggression　6.dedication　7.glorious　8.invader
维度三
1.a large sum of money
2.relevant to
3.fought against
4.It is no wonder that
5.Not only do the nurses demand a pay rise
维度四
1.joined　2.known　3.with　4.better　5.by　6.Driven　7.to fight　8.physically　9.talented　10.contribution
素养能力提升
Ⅰ.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者作为一个支持和平的艺术家的经历和感受。
1.D　推理判断题。根据第二段中的My trips to Baghdad standing for peace caused huge stress for my family and me.可知，让作者感到有压力的是他对和平的大力支持。
2.A　细节理解题。根据第三段中的I wanted to create something ...in Hudson’s Hope.可知，作者创作Peace Image的原因是想要创造出一件更为长久的作品。
3.C　观点态度题。根据第四段中的For more than 50 years now，I’ve felt pleased to be able to express myself through my art.可推出，作者对自己的艺术作品是满意的。
4.A　标题归纳题。文章为“总—分—总”结构，第一段点明文章主旨，讲述了作者是一位支持和平的艺术家，再结合下文内容可知，本文主要讲述了这位艺术家在维护和平方面的经历和感受。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。对于历史事件的考证不能仅凭文字记录，要注重文字记录和实物相互印证，以帮助我们重现真实的历史。
5.A　段落大意题。根据第一段内容可知，如果你想讲述整个世界的历史，你就不能仅依靠文字。因为文字是人类的后期成果之一，直到最近甚至许多有文字的社会不仅用文字，还用实物来记载对他们重要的事情。所以此段是说过去的历史事件应结合文字和实物来呈现。
6.D　推理判断题。根据第二段首句以及该段最后一句可知，库克船长的记录是片面的。
7.B　词义猜测题。根据第三段中的a history told through things gives them back a voice和本段最后两句可知，only one half of a dialogue与other half of that conversation呼应，共同构成更客观的历史全貌。由此可知，conversation指的是历史。
8.C　推理判断题。根据全文内容可知，本文讲述的重点是强调历史实物考证的重要性，故本文最可能选自《100件实物中的世界历史》。
语篇解读：本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讨论了人类是否能够防范战争的问题。
9.B　细节理解题。根据第二段中的it is still my belief that war can be prevented and peace can be won， but it requires the effort of every one of us可知，在作者看来，和平可以通过全人类的努力来赢得。
10.A　推理判断题。根据第四至六段内容可知，作者设想在将来，人类将武器和资源用于改善人民的生活，因而“乐观”一词可以最好地描述作者想象的画面。
11.C　推理判断题。根据第五段内容可知，军事设备可用于和平用途。
12.C　标题归纳题。通读全文可知，文章主要论述了防范战争的可能性以及为了和平我们该怎么办。因此C项（战争与和平）最适合作文章标题。
Ⅱ.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一些在第一次世界大战期间出现的新事物，如夏令时、血库、好莱坞以及整形手术等。
13.A　空后提到：协约国很快也采用了夏令时。A项（德国人在1916年率先采用了夏令时）与下文衔接紧密，且都在描述一战时的情况，符合语境。
14.C　空后的连词but表转折，且提到在一战之前医生们很少给病人输血。C项（输血起始于17世纪）与but后内容形成转折关系，符合语境。
15.B　空前提到：由于很多欧洲国家处于战火之中，欧洲电影业的规模也急剧缩减。B项（那给美国人打开了大门）与上文形成因果关系，符合语境。
16.E　空后提到：英国的军医Harold Gillies和他的同事们给很多在战争中受伤的士兵做手术，这些手术大部分针对因枪击导致面部受伤的士兵。E项（第一次世界大战让许多士兵留下伤疤、落下残疾）引出下文，符合语境。
17.F　空前提到：英国的军医Harold Gillies和他的同事们给很多在战争中受伤的士兵做手术，这些手术大部分针对因枪击导致面部受伤的士兵。F项（Gillies作为现代整形外科手术之父而出名）与上文形成因果关系，符合语境。
Ⅲ.
　　Qiu Shaoyun， a soldier in the People’s Liberation Army during the early 1950s， displayed extraordinary heroism in the Korean War when he chose to endure fatal burns to protect his comrades.
　　Qiu sacrificed his life for the revolutionary cause at the young age of 26， and his spirit was immortalized.His story reminds us that the cost of war is immense and that the preservation of peace is something everyone should strive for. As we admire his courage and loyalty， we are inspired to cherish peace and go for a harmonious world.
Section Ⅳ　Writing about a war hero
Ⅰ.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Sharon Estill Taylor的父亲在二战中牺牲，随着柏林墙的倒塌，Taylor最终找回父亲的遗骸的故事。
1.C　推理判断题。根据第二段第一句可知，祖母给了Taylor一个银盒子，里面装着父母从高中到1945年的大约450封手写信件。由此可推知，Taylor的父母过去经常给对方写信。
2.B　细节理解题。根据第三段第一句可知，随着柏林墙的倒塌，Taylor有可能参观潜在的坠机地点。由此可知，一开始德国还没有统一，这阻止了Taylor寻找父亲的遗骸。
3.D　推理判断题。根据倒数第二段内容可知，Taylor广泛地分享了她的故事，提高了人们对那些永远不会从战争中回来的士兵以及找回士兵遗骸工作的重要性的认识。据估计，仍有81，000名在过去战争中死亡的美国军人的遗体下落不明，但幸运的是，人们一直在努力寻找阵亡军人，并为他们的家人带来安慰。由此可推知，Taylor想让别人知道她的故事是因为她想证明找回英雄遗骸的可能性。
4.B　标题归纳题。通读全文可知，文章主要讲述了Taylor的父亲在二战中牺牲，随着柏林墙的倒塌，Taylor最终找回父亲的遗骸的故事。因此B项（让英雄回家）最适合作文章标题。
语篇解读：本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。成年人应该以身作则，通过自己的行动向年轻人示范正确的冲突解决方式。
5.B　细节理解题。根据第一段中的the root of the conflict we are trying to address is much deeper and needs to include more people in the conversations 可知，学校在调解过程中发现冲突通常不仅仅涉及学生本人，还可能涉及其他家庭成员。因此，需要拓展对话范围以深入解决冲突根源。
6.D　推理判断题。根据第二段中的During the beginning parts of the mediation， some of the adults in the room started to become heated and defensive ...a grandmother and one of the moms.可知，在调解初期，房间里的一些成年人情绪激动，都在为自己的孩子辩解。一场冲突在一位祖母和一位妈妈之间发生了。由此可推知，那位祖母和那位妈妈当时都很生气。
7.B　细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的They left the room together and as the adults watched from the window， they hugged each other and apologized.可知，孩子们走出房间后，模仿着大人们的样子，相拥在一起并向彼此道歉。
8.B　标题归纳题。根据最后一段并结合文中的案例可知，本文意在传达：成年人的言行举止会对青少年产生重要的影响。成年人应该以身作则，通过示范告诉年轻人如何正确解决冲突，从而在潜移默化中改变他们的行为方式。因此B项为本文的最佳标题。
Ⅱ.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了二战老兵彼得·戴维斯在妻子去世之后，在女儿的建议下去当地小学当志愿者，与孩子们的接触让他重新找到了生活的意义，也因此成为名人。
9.A　根据he felt like “almost soul”可以推断，此处指他在坦白自己内心的感受，当结婚72年的妻子6年前去世时，彼得 戴维斯承认他觉得自己几乎成了魂灵。admit承认；接纳；suspect怀疑；猜想；prove证明；证实；argue争论；辩论。
10.B　根据语境可知，妻子的去世让彼得·戴维斯内心非常难过，所以女儿建议他去努力寻找新的人生目标。refuse拒绝；struggle挣扎；斗争；regret遗憾；后悔；pretend假装。
11.B　根据下文Peter chose to 　15　 at a primary school， and he was a huge 　16　 with all of the children he tutored.可知，彼得·戴维斯接受了女儿的建议，决定去当地小学帮忙。fail失败；determine决定；request要求；forget遗忘。
12.A　根据上文I was married for 72 years， and when my wife died可知，妻子的去世让生活发生了显著的变化。dramatically剧烈地；明显地；temporarily暂时地；casually随意地；secretly秘密地。
13.D　根据上文The 100-year-old man from Macclesfield， England 　10　 to find new purpose in his life可知，女儿希望彼得能够重新发现生活的意义所在，找到生活的目标，做一些他有能力做的事情。information信息；creation创造；affection 喜爱；爱慕；meaning意义。
14.C　参见上题解析。afraid害怕；tired疲惫的；厌倦的；capable胜任的；ashamed羞愧的。
15.D　根据上文so when his daughter suggested he offer his help at the local elementary school， he 　11　 to go for it可知，女儿鼓励他到当地的一所小学去帮忙，即做志愿者。study学习；研究；perform表演；表现；实施；investigate调查；volunteer自愿做。
16.C　根据语境可知，彼得很受孩子们的欢迎。star星星；明星；scholar学者；hit很受欢迎的人；model模式；模型；模特。
17.B　根据空后的reading into a fun game可知，彼得将阅读变成了孩子们喜欢的游戏。expand扩展；扩大；transform使改变形态；recover恢复；compare比较。
18.C　根据as a grandfatherly figure made him feel more connected to his community than ever before可知，彼得的到来对于孩子们来说是作为爷爷般的新身份。responsibility责任；challenge挑战；status地位；身份；mission使命。
19.D　根据下文彼得说的话可知，此处指的是彼得对于孩子们的表现很满意，称赞孩子们很棒。assistant助手；助理；instructor指导者；applicant申请人；kid儿童；小孩。
20.A　根据下文I’m part of it.可知，在彼得看来自己是这个社会的一分子。belong to属于；object to反对；adapt to适应；reach to触及。
21.B　根据下文Wherever I go in the village， a child will shout “Hello， Mr Davies”. I feel 10 feet tall.可知，不管彼得出现在村子的什么地方，都会有孩子与他打招呼，由此可以看出他很受孩子们欢迎，即他的形象在孩子们眼中非常好。apparent明显的；tremendous巨大的；极好的；flexible灵活的；particular特定的；挑剔的。
22.C　根据with a British Empire Medal （BEM） on television with the youngest recipient， 18-year-old Dara McAnulty可知，彼得被授予了大英帝国勋章（BEM）。remark评论；accompany陪同；honour尊重；授予荣誉；impress给……以印象；使铭记。
23.D　Dara McAnulty 18岁就获得了大英帝国勋章（BEM），所以彼得为他感到高兴。concerned担心的；关心的；respectful恭敬的；有礼貌的；embarrassed尴尬的；delighted高兴的。
Ⅲ.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了加拿大医师亨利·诺尔曼·白求恩对医学和中国的贡献和帮助，以及中国对他的怀念和赞扬。
24.determination　考查名词。根据介词with和不定冠词a可知，空处应用单数名词作宾语。
25.graduating/graduation　考查非谓语动词或名词。介词after后应用动词-ing形式或名词作宾语。
26.more　考查形容词的比较级。根据上文He reinvented or redesigned over 10 medical instruments可知，重新发明或设计的10多种医疗器械应该是更好用，应用形容词的比较级作宾语补足语。
27.Despite　考查介词。由（assist） the Chinese people和the difficult situation可知，前后构成让步关系，且空后是名词短语，所以此处应用介词despite表示“尽管”，首字母应大写。
28.to assist　考查非谓语动词。根据句意可知，此处应用动词不定式作目的状语。
29.taught　考查动词的时态。teach和helped，showed （一般过去时）是并列谓语动词，所以空处也应用一般过去时。
30.a　考查冠词。此处泛指“一个独特的人物”，unique的发音以辅音音素开头，所以用不定冠词a。
31.are used　考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。结合时间状语now可知，时态应用一般现在时，又因主语Some of the surgical tools和谓语动词use是被动关系，所以用一般现在时的被动语态；主语Some of the surgical tools是复数形式，因此谓语应用复数形式。
32.Sadly　考查副词。修饰后面的整个句子，应用副词，位于句首，首字母应大写。
33.which　考查定语从句。此处是“介词＋关系代词”引导的非限制性定语从句，先行词是an article，指物，在从句中作介词in的宾语，应用关系代词which。
Ⅳ.
　　Seeing Charlie won first prize in 100 meters， Bill felt very bad and then made a decision. Soon it was the time for the sack race. Bill showed up on the track early， thinking he would spare no effort in this game to beat Charlie. When the race began， Bill glanced at Charlie next to him and said，“I will beat you definitely.” Then Bill jumped forward with all his strength at his first attempt. Slowly Charlie was left behind， but suddenly Bill tripped and fell onto the ground.When Charlie came to him， he found Bill’s ankle was bleeding and he couldn’t get up.
　　Charlie then took Bill to the school doctor who tended his injured leg. Charlie didn’t go back and gave up the race at last. Looking at Charlie， Bill lowered his head full of shame. After a while， he opened his mouth and said sincerely，“I’m sorry. I know I was wrong and beg for your forgiveness.” Charlie responded immediately with a smile，“From today on we will be friends forever.” So since that day Bill has changed completely.
UNIT 4　A glimpse of the future
Section Ⅰ　Starting out & Understanding ideas
基础知识自测
维度一
1.assistants　2.victims　3.capacity　4.regulate　5.artificial
6.leaped　7.humanity　8.automation
维度二
1.illegal　2.immoral 　3.existence 　4.regulations
5.capacity　6.potentially　7.analysis　8.assistance
维度三
1.hang out
2.in contrast to
3.had no choice but to
4.happen to
5.Thanks to
6.either a camera or a mobile phone
7.If so
维度四
1.existence　2.convenient　3.built　4.immediately
5.preferences　6.solving　7.but　8.is prepared　9.into　10.to embrace
素养能力提升
Ⅰ.
语篇解读：本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要介绍了Glass Health公司如何利用人工智能技术改变医疗行业，以及该技术的用户增长情况。文章还提到了独立研究人员对该技术的担忧和Paul的回应。
1.D　细节理解题。根据第一段中的These firms believe ... and improve the patient-doctor relationship.可知，Glass Health目前的项目可以减轻医生每天面临的文书工作压力，并改善医患关系。
2.A　观点态度题。根据第二段中Pearse Keane说的话可知，Pearse Keane教授对医学领域最新的人工智能技术感到兴奋，但是他认为任何涉及患者健康决策的事情都应该非常谨慎地对待。也就是说他对此抱有客观的态度。
3.D　推理判断题。根据第四段最后一句可知，为了确保Glass AI的可靠性，Paul的公司要求Glass AI的人工智能系统使用由人类医生编写的虚拟医学教科书作为主要的事实来源，而不是从原始的ChatGPT信息库中工作。也就是说以人类的智慧作为医学实践的基础。
4.A　推理判断题。根据最后一段内容可推断出，越来越多的人开始选择Glass AI。由此可知，Glass Health的市场潜力巨大。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。一些人担心，人工智能工具正在把语言学习变成一种弱化的追求，文章对这种现象进行了介绍。
5.D　段落大意题。根据第一段中的Some are concerned that AI tools are turning language learning into a weakening pursuit.和第二段内容可知，前两段主要是讲人工智能工具削弱了语言学习的需求。
6.A　观点态度题。根据第三段中的He describes giving a broken， difficult speech in Chinese， which required a lot of work but offered a sense of satisfaction at the end.可知，道格拉斯对语言学习持支持态度。
7.D　细节理解题。根据第四段最后一句可知，第四段中的第二组缺乏学习语言的动力。
8.A　推理判断题。根据最后一段第二至四句可知，作者在最后一段中通过举例来强调自己的观点。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了目前人们对人工智能的炒作感到恐慌的现状。国际政界人士和监管机构聚集在布莱切利公园参加为期两天的人工智能安全会议，一起讨论如何减轻未来的这些风险。
9.A　推理判断题。根据第一、二段内容可知，克莱格会提到20世纪80年代的道德恐慌是为了提出对人工智能不必要的担忧。
10.C　推理判断题。根据第二段内容可知，克莱格的话表明人们应该理性对待人工智能的发展。
11.A　词义猜测题。根据第四段中的TSection Ⅲ　Developing ideas
维度一：品句填词
1.The restaurant enjoys a worldwide 　　　　　　（声誉） because of its delicious food and excellent service.
2.As we all know， 　　　　　　（钻石） is considered to be one of the most precious stones in the world.
3.Tom sang the verses and everybody joined in 　　　　　　（合唱曲）.
4.The number of participants has risen to more than two 　　　　　　（一打）.
5.Can you give a more 　　　　　　（精确的） definition of the word？
6.When he came out of the water， he was 　　　　（发抖） with cold.
7.In my opinion，bringing cellphones to campus should be b　　　　　　.
8.The country successfully l　　　　　　 104 satellites in a single space mission to explore the space.
维度二：词形转换
1.The furniture managed to combine practicality with 　　　　　　（elegant）.
2.He brought to the job not just considerable experience but 　　　　　　（passion） enthusiasm.
3.It is difficult to know 　　　　　　（precise） how much impact the changes will have.
4.He was accused of 　　　　　　（knowing） making a false statement to the police.
5.I 　　　　　　（thorough） approve of what the government is doing.
6.When the little girl was asked such a 　　　　　question，she stood there with a 　　　　　　look on her face.（puzzle）
维度三：固定搭配和句式
1.It is our parents who 　　　　　　　　（支持） us all the time even if all others reject us.
2.These days littering are common， 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　（对环境造成严重危害）.
3.The city has 　　　　　　　　（许多） new millionaires， Asia’s biggest building， and fancy new hotels.
4.I 　　　　　　　　　　　　　（对……感到迷惑不解） why his books are so popular worldwide.
5.If the disease is prevented or cured， the gene becomes 　　　　　　　　（……的目标） treatment.
6.He 　　　　　　　　（被看作） the most suitable man to do this work.
7.　　　　　　　　　　　　　 （虽然他学习努力）， he didn’t pass the exam.
8.The soldier climbed to the top of the mountain at last， 　　　　　　　　　　（又饿又累）.
维度四：课文语法填空
Silent Spring by Rachel Carson was published in 1962.Carson wrote the book 1.　　　　　　 （aim） to alert people to the damaging effects of human activity 2.　　　　　　 natural ecosystems.And she wished to see pesticides 3.　　　　　　 （use） in a more responsible， limited and carefully monitored way.The book contained a lot of scientific research， examples and so on，4.　　　　　　showed how thorough and precise she was as a scientist.The arguments were strong and the writing was 5.　　　　　　 （elegance） and influential.However， the book was not received positively by everyone.It quickly became a target for critics in the pesticide industry， who said that Carson’s research was not precise.Carson appeared in public and on television 6.　　　　　　 （defend） her claims.
Carson’s message was very 7.　　　　　　 （alarm） and its influence was immediate and far-reaching.The use of DDT 8.　　　　　　 （ban） and the EPA was established in the US.The book was considered as 9.　　　　　　 milestone in the launch of the green movement in the Western world.It earned Carson a Presidential Medal of Freedom after she passed away.
The book changed the world by increasing people’s 10.　　　　　　 （aware） of protecting natural ecosystem.
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
　　（2024·四川自贡高二上期末）New York — like Philadelphia， Baltimore and Washington — sits underneath the “Atlantic Flyway”， an ancient migration route travelled by millions of birds， every spring and autumn.Up to a quarter of a million of them die crashing into windows in New York every year， according to New York City Audubon， the bird charity that organizes Project Flight Safe.Birds confuse reflections of sky or plants for the real thing and fly straight for them.
　　In 2021， however， new laws came into force in New York requiring all new buildings and restoration work to be made bird-friendly.It is the strictest such laws in America.The case of the Jacob K.Javits Convention Centre in west Manhattan is a good example.It used to be a top bird-killer， but after swapping its glasses for bird-friendly glass， strikes dropped by 90%.The centre has now fully embraced bird life.Its green roof is home to a breeding seagull group， and as of 18 October， 62 different species have been spotted there.
　　At night， artificial light draws birds into the city， where they are more likely to crash.Some studies suggest birds can fail to tell direction because artificial light prevents them from sensing the Earth’s magnetic （磁的） field effectively.Last year the city passed a law that requires all city owned and managed buildings to switch their lights off at night during birds’ migration seasons.The law will extend the requirement to privately owned commercial buildings next year.Though exceptions would be allowed for landmarks such as the Empire State and the Chrysler Building， the change would still transform the world’s most famous skyline.
　　Jessica Wilson of NYC Audubon says that would be a good thing for birds， energy consumption and people.New York is on track to become the most bird-friendly big city in America.
1.What is responsible for bird crashes in New York？（　　）
A.Glass reflections.
B.The attraction of sunlight.
C.New York’s unique climate.
D.Birds’ confused sense of balance.
2.What can we know about the Jacob K.Javits Convention Centre？ （　　）
A.It has reduced birds’ death by 90%.
B.It was painted green to attract birds.
C.It was the first to put new laws into force.
D.It has developed into a bird-friendly place.
3.What is Paragraph 3 mainly about？（　　）
A.Birds’ talent for telling directions.
B.Distinctive landmarks in New York.
C.Results of applying bird-protection laws.
D.Efforts to protect birds from crashing at night.
4.What does Jessica Wilson think of the law issued last year？（　　）
A.Energy-consuming. B.Promising.
C.Eye-catching. D.Annoying.
B
　　We’re often reminded of the importance of protecting the planet as we see it for future generations — and children at St Oswald’s Primary School in Chester certainly agree.
Nine-year-old Isohel Kelleher from the school’s Hummingbirds class thinks adults need to take notes. “Sometimes they can be busy and I don’t think they think they can make a difference， but if everyone does a little bit， it all adds up，” she says.“We started looking at plastic pollution in our oceans and the things like plastic bags that are polluting them. Fish can eat the plastic and they can die.”
Mr Timms， Isohel’s teacher， has been leading a new project at the school which lets children loose creatively to raise public awareness of the need to be more environmentally friendly. The entire Hummingbirds class， which is made up of nine-year-old and ten-year-old pupils， has been busy writing poems and creating online videos to warn adults about the serious situation of our oceans and wildlife.
Mr Timms thinks children play an important role in teaching us how to take care of the things around us. “We sometimes overlook how much we can really learn from children，” he says.“It is really hard to believe having parents come in saying that their children have been asking them to stop using plastic and to recycle more， and even stopping them from using plastic straws.”
Mr Timms is proud of his Hummingbirds class. The message that they would like to send to the world is simple： Stopping this isn’t someone else’s job， and it won’t be OK if we just leave it.
5.What does Isohel Kelleher mean in Paragraph 2？（　　）
A.People shouldn’t eat fish any more.
B.Adults have done their part pretty well.
C.Everyone can do something to stop pollution.
D.Plastic pollution is already too serious to be solved.
6.What can be inferred from Mr Timms’ words in Paragraph 4？（　　）
A.The project has already proved effective.
B.Some parents are angry with the project.
C.Children are good at looking after adults.
D.Adults ought to learn little from their kids.
7.What does the underlined word “this” in the last paragraph refer to？（　　）
A.Using plastic straws.
B.Plastic pollution.
C.Protecting the planet.
D.The Hummingbirds class.
C
　　The Department of Energy（DOE） is dealing with a tough research problem that has troubled experts for more than a decade： developing a low-cost alternative to the present jet fuel.
　　The search began around 2010， originally pushed by the concerns about the country’s reliance on imported oil.More recently，airlines have raised the question themselves.There are potential restrictions on the amount of carbon dioxide from jet airliners and a lack of an electricity-fueled replacement for their heavy planes.
　　Researchers at DOE’s National Renewable Energy Laboratory （NREL） are taking a fresh look at a promising family of new and plentiful raw materials： food wastes and urban used water containing human manure （粪肥）.
　　“Everyone is beginning to see the potential of taking these organic materials that we normally have sent to landfills or wastewater treatment plants，” said Derek Vardon，a senior research engineer at NREL.Manure and food wastes contain fatty acids that can be changed to link their chain-like structures together.The result is a liquid fuel，Vardon explained，one that has seven times the energy of methane — the major component of natural gas.That’s needed to get a heavy airliner off the ground.
　　Other researchers are also sensing the potential of rich and low-carbon resources that could be developed by working with wastewater treatment plants.One of them is Jianping Yu，the main researcher of a separate NREL project that is exploring how to remove major and troublesome water pollutants from conventional wastewater treatment processes.His idea is to feed the pollutants to algae （海藻） in the wastewater plants and then sell the algae as a product that can be made into commercial fertilizers.Yu’s idea is to collect and develop special algae， so they can remove as much as 50% of the pollutants from processed wastewater.Growing more powerful algae， he points out， will also be a way to remove more CO2 from the air.The outcome is that it could reduce the amount of energy needed to run wastewater plants.“That’s the goal.Our main motivation is future environmental requirements，” Yu said.
8.Why are the airlines anxious to find a new kind of jet fuel？（　　）
A.Their planes are heavier than before.
B.They need to cut costs of electrical energy.
C.Their oil fuel harms the environment.
D.They want to rely less on imported oil.
9.What can we learn about the liquid fuel according to Vardon？（　　）
A.It has as much energy as natural gas.
B.It can be changed into fatty acids.
C.It’s born out of organic wastes.
D.It’s similar to natural gas in structure.
10.What role does algae play in Jianping Yu’s idea？（　　）
A.Producing green fuel.
B.Cleaning processed wastewater.
C.Making commercial fertilizers.
D.Absorbing wastewater.
11.What does the text mainly tell us？（　　）
A.Developing new fuel is quite necessary for airlines.
B.Researchers find a way of environmental protection.
C.Wastewater plants are a very useful source of new energy.
D.Search for clean jet fuel leads scientists to wastewater plants.
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
　　Plants are intelligent.It sounds like a fable.However， science is beginning to think so.In 2013， The New Yorker published an article that set the plant science world on fire， forever changing the way both the public and researchers looking at and studying the plant kingdom.The “Intelligent Plant” was previously unheard of.12.（　　） But fast forward to 2022， there were now dozens of research papers and hours of video prepared and published by plant biologists discussing so many facts of plant intelligence.13.（　　）
　　Communication：A lot of evidence suggests that plants， trees in particular， can communicate with one another.14.（　　） It is in some ways similar to the Internet we use.The idea of plants forming such a relationship to interact is considered as an evolutionary outcome.
　　Learning：15.（　　） What if plants can learn from experiences like the dogs？The scientists designed experiments， whose goal was to prove whether plants could learn， an idea that seemed impossible.Ultimately， they succeeded in not only their experiments， but also in proving that plants can actually learn.
　　Memory：As research and experiments continue into the plant memory， people can’t help but ask the question “How can something without a brain have memories？” Studies have determined that plants can indeed learn and create memories.16.（　　）
　　Figuring out the “plant brain” question is the logical next step.As more research comes in， it seems that plant intelligence is a very real possibility.
A.Can plants be taught？
B.The plant biology community launched a campaign.
C.This communication occurs through underground networks.
D.It makes no sense to research plant communication methods.
E.They can display their memory recall through learned response.
F.The following behavioral characteristics are from the experiments.
G.Therefore， the plant biology community claimed it was completely baseless.
Ⅲ.应用文写作
　　你校英文报正在举办主题为Observing Nature的征文活动。请你写一篇英语短文投稿，内容包括：
1.你的观察；
2.你的感悟。
注意：1.写作词数应为80左右；
2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
1 / 6Section Ⅳ　Writing a poem about nature
Ⅰ.完形填空
　　On an early summer day in the fascinating landscape of Jiulong Peak Reserve， deep in Anhui Province， Du Minghui， working in the reserve， was taking a group of 20 students on a study 　1　.With the symphony of birdsong 　2　 through the air， they went on the journey， winding their way through the forest to 　3　 the secrets and wonders of wildflowers and trees.
　　The tours primarily 　4　 nature education.They aim to allow children to gain a profound understanding of nature by acquiring knowledge of the animals and plants in the 　5　.Throughout the tour， students have the opportunity to acquire essential 　6　 skills in the wild， such as learning to tie knots and 　7　 simple stretchers （担架）.
　　In recent years， the reserve has strengthened partnerships with scientific institutions， making use of its advantages to develop 　8　 tours and ecotourism.During the first three days of June， Du and his colleagues 　9　 three groups of students.With summer vacation approaching， they 　10　 a flood of children to appreciate the appealing beauty of nature.
　　The 　11　 in study tours is closely linked to the 　12　 environment of the mountains.In the past four years， the reserve has captured nearly 350，000 　13　 of wild animals.With the environment becoming better， people are 　14　 to witness the return of animal species that had been 　15　 for years.
1.（　）A.schedule B.task
C.tour D.experience
2.（　）A.playing B.echoing
C.releasing D.composing
3.（　）A.keep B.leak
C.spread D.unlock
4.（　）A.center around B.rely on
C.cope with D.take over
5.（　）A.zoos B.mountains
C.villages D.cities
6.（　）A.writing B.weaving
C.survival D.withdrawal
7.（　）A.lifting B.building
C.sending D.borrowing
8.（　）A.recreational B.commercial
C.educational D.medical
9.（　）A.hosted B.assessed
C.sponsored D.rewarded
10.（　）A.persuade B.anticipate
C.require D.allow
11.（　）A.contest B.prejudice
C.reform D.boom
12.（　）A.improved B.mixed
C.disturbed D.exploited
13.（　）A.feelings B.images
C.sounds D.shapes
14.（　）A.confused B.moved
C.delighted D.shocked
15.（　）A.free B.diverse
C.extinct D.absent
Ⅱ.语法填空
　　Over the years， human activities have unintentionally caused great damage to the environment， leading 16.　　　　　　 climate change， global warming， pollution， and many more issues.Therefore， protecting the environment has become an important yet critical challenge for the human race.It is high time for us 17.　　　　　　 （repair） the environment.But how？One of the solutions to these environment-related issues is nanotechnology.
Nanotechnology is a branch of science and technology 18.　　　　　　 deals with dimensions of less than 100 nanometers.19.　　　　　　 concept was discovered in 1959 by Dr Richard P.Feynman， and the term nanotechnology 20.　　　　　 （coin） in 1974 by Norio Taniguchi.Nanotechnology can be used across all the other science 21.　　　　　　 （field）， such as chemistry， physics， engineering， and biology.It is even used to reduce and prevent damage and repair the environment.
Nanotechnology has the potential to have a（n） 22.　　　　　　 （significance） impact on the environment.For example， it can help us to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.Methods for the separation of carbon dioxide from gasses are 23.　　　　　　 （extreme） expensive and not competitive for large-scale applications.However， nanomaterials can work in the same yet cost-effective way without even 24.　　　　 （produce） additional compounds （化合物）.
Today， nanotechnology is becoming more and more real.Nanotechnology can cause positive changes to air quality， water quality， and sustainable （可持续的） energy 25.　　　　　　 （generate）， and help us to repair the environment and save it.
Ⅲ.读后续写
　　阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
　　（2024·山东潍坊高二上期末）
Swim Buddies
　　I leaned over the side of the boat and stared at the clear blue water.This was my last chance， I thought.“I hope you find a green turtle （乌龟） today， Alexa， and realize your dream of swimming with it.” Dad said， as if reading my thought.“Me， too，” my brother， Jonah， said.“I want to see one， too！”
　　I lifted my head up， turned toward Jonah， and glared.Why did he always insist on following me everywhere， doing everything I did？ Make your own friends.I wanted to scream at him.Find your own green sea turtle！ But I said nothing.Ever since Jonah was a little kid and they discovered he acted so differently because he had autism （自闭症）， I had been trained to show understanding for him， trained to put up with a lot， including his shouts at the top of his lungs.
　　“We’ll stop here， and if we are lucky enough to see turtles，” Father said， “remember not to get too close， or they will be scared away.Do the ‘dead man’s float’ and wait.If they’re curious enough， they’ll check you out.”
　　Jonah said — too loudly， of course， so everyone on the boat could hear him — “That turtle sounds just like me.It wants to be friends but doesn’t know how， like me.I really， really， really want to see one， Dad.”
　　Putting the mouthpiece into my mouth， I dived into the water.I swam in a different direction and searched the seafloor.Suddenly， I saw a huge green turtle chewing on the seaweed.Excited as I was， I did the dead man’s float， lying as still as possible.“Come on， buddy （伙伴）.” I said to myself， “Come swim with me！”
　　As I watched that lonely turtle， I couldn’t help but think of Jonah’s words about friends — Jonah didn’t have friends.He functioned well enough to be in a regular class， but he was still strange enough that the other kids stayed away from him.This turtle might be the only one we could find today.And I knew that Jonah had got his heart set on seeing one， just like I did.Even though Jonah made my life really hard， I understood how he felt.I swam to Jonah.
注意：1.续写词数应为150左右；
2.请按如下格式作答。
　　Together， we swam back toward my turtle.
　　Emerging from the water， Jonah shouted，“The turtle is our friend now！”
3 / 3Section Ⅱ　Using language
维度一：基础题型练
单句语法填空
1.Technological innovation， 　　　　　　（combine） with good marketing， will promote the sales of these products.
2.When we got a call 　　　　　　（say） she was short listed， we thought it was a joke.
3.　　　　　　 （help） us learn more efficiently， the teacher suggested reading through our notes on a weekly basis.
4.Ordinary soap， 　　　　　　（use） correctly， can deal with bacteria effectively.
5.I find some students in this school often 　　　　（punish） by the teachers.
6.The inspector spoke slowly and clearly so that he could make himself 　　　　　　（understand）.
7.The stadium 　　　　　　（build） at present in our city is intended for the coming Asian Games.
8.I will have my bike 　　　　　　（repair） tomorrow.
维度二：语法与写作
补全句子
1.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　， we’re enjoying a happy life.
由于采取了许多有效措施来防止污染，我们正享受着幸福的生活。
2.Our teachers try to raise their voice 　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
我们的老师尽量提高声音以便自己能够被学生听到。
3.He hurried to the booking office， only 　　　　　　　　that all the tickets had been sold out.
他匆忙赶到售票处，却被告知票都卖光了。
4.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　， we had no difficulty in finding his home.
有那个男孩带路，我们毫不费力地找到了他的家。
5.He was very funny and 　　　　　　　　　　all the way.
他非常滑稽，一路上逗得我们笑个不停。
6.After a long day， I finally got back to my small room， 　　　　　　　　　.
漫长的一天过后，我终于回到了自己的小房间，感到疲惫不堪。
7.　　　　　　　　　　　， he was in low spirits.
受到了老师的惩罚，他情绪低落。
8.When he woke up， he found himself 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
当他醒来时，他发现自己被困在了一座荒岛上。
维度三：语法与语篇
用所给单词的适当形式完成下面短文。
　　There once was a goat and a donkey 1.　　　　 （live） on a farm.The donkey worked harder so the farmer fed it with more food.With the donkey 2.　　　　 （give） more food， this made the goat so jealous that it began 3.　　　　　　 （plot） against （谋划对付） the donkey.“Hey， donkey，” the goat said one day，“I think you do too much work on this farm.You carry such heavy things from morning to night.Why don’t you pretend 4.　　　　　　 （get） sick so you can take a day off？” The donkey thought the goat had a great idea.So the next morning， the donkey lay in the stable on its side with its eyes 5.　　　　　　 （close）.Right away， the farmer called a doctor.After 6.　　　　 （look） at the donkey， the doctor said it needed a special medicine 7.　　　　　　 （make） from the heart of a goat.So the farmer killed his goat.
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
　　Next to a tall building， the Muziekplein forest is one of seven such special and very small forests in the Dutch city of Utrecht， and 144 tiny forests across the Netherlands.It’s about the size of a basketball court.Before it was planted， the area was a parking lot.
　　By the end of this year， according to IVN Nature Education， an organization leading the country’s plan， there will be 200 such small forests in the Netherlands.In many other countries， communities are creating such small-area and native forests in response to big environmental challenges.The forests can be in any shape， but must be at least four meters wide based on IVN’s instructions.A tiny forest can be built under a year.And it generally includes between 20 and 40 different tree species.
　　Since the first forest was planted in the Netherlands in 2015， the idea has become popular.Daan Bleichrodt launched IVN’s Tiny Forest plan with the goal of making it easier for children to know the significance of protecting environment.He thinks it is popular because people are becoming more and more aware of major environmental challenges.It’s a very practical way for people to do something positive considering climate change and loss of biodiversity.
　　Data released by Wageningen University researchers in April shows that the forests hold a range of animal and plant species.Across the 11 tiny forests in a study， volunteers observed 636 animal species.They also recognized 298 plant species in addition to the original species planted in the areas.Daily maintenance of the forests sometimes involves obliterating unwanted weeds， but in general， new plant species， such as wildflowers， are allowed to grow， according to Bleichrodt.
　　Suzanne Valkman， head of the World Wildlife Fund （WWF） Netherlands forests unit， said，“I was just amazed to see so many species were recognized.” A WWF report in 2020 found that wildlife populations in the Netherlands had decreased by half over the last three decades.Butterflies， birds and reptile species were particularly hard hit.Valkman said， “The Tiny Forest data shows that the small project can improve biodiversity in cities.”
1.What is the feature of the Muziekplein forest？（　　）
A.It has a small size.
B.It includes only rare species.
C.It has an interesting shape.
D.It is beside a parking lot.
2.What’s the purpose of creating tiny forests in the Dutch city？（　　）
A.To make a great profit.
B.To raise the awareness of kids’ education.
C.To set an example to other countries.
D.To help improve the local environment.
3.What does the underlined word “obliterating” in Paragraph 4 probably mean？（　　）
A.Checking. B.Protecting.
C.Removing. D.Discovering.
4.Why did the author mention Suzanne Valkman’s words？（　　）
A.To describe the situation of wildlife species.
B.To show the effects of the Tiny Forest plan.
C.To explain the importance of biodiversity.
D.To encourage all of us to plant more trees.
B
　　Seventeen-year-old Quinterro stood at the edge of the mountain pass high above the city of Lima， Peru.He aimed his binoculars （双筒望远镜） at the city below.Quinterro scanned the streets and buildings， letting the binoculars bring the busy place into focus for him.
　　Lowering the binoculars， Quinterro looked back at his family.He sighed as he thought of his life， day after day， watching the llamas （美洲驼）.Operating a llama caravan （旅行队） wasn’t exciting ...
　　“Quinterro！”his older brother Ireneo’s voice interrupted his thoughts.“I’ve told you a million times to pay attention！”
　　Quinterro aimed the binoculars toward the mountain pass only to see that another caravan had reached the clearing.The new llamas smelled the other animals and ran wildly.Quinterro watched as a girl of his age chased after one of the jumpy animals.Quinterro and Ireneo led the llamas back to the clearing.Quinterro glanced around until he spotted the innocent girl he had been watching earlier.She seemed to be making friends with the llamas， saying something to the animals in a gentle voice.
　　“My name is Marta，” the girl said as Quinterro approached.Quinterro introduced himself.“Do you do this all the time？” she asked.
　　“My family does.I help out during school breaks，” Quinterro said.
　　Marta smiled，“I live in the city.The prospect here is so beautiful from below.”
　　Quinterro stared at her， disbelieving what he had heard.
　　“The city looks so different from up here，” Marta said as she looked down.
　　Quinterro took the binoculars from around his neck，“Try these.”
　　He passed the binoculars to Marta and then turned to look down at the city.When not magnified （放大）， the city looked smaller and duller.
　　“I think they’re broken，” Marta said.
　　Curious， Quinterro reached for the binoculars and held them to his eyes.The bushes in front of him were huge like green mountains.He aimed the binoculars at the llamas， at the mountain pass， and then at his family.Everything seemed bigger， closer， and more defined.He could even see the geese in the yard.
　　Next， he aimed the binoculars at the city below.It was completely out of focus.Quinterro adjusted the lenses （镜头）.With a smile， he handed the binoculars back to Marta.“They’re not broken.” Quinterro said.“It depends on how you look through them.”
5.What was Quinterro doing in Paragraph 1？（　　）
A.Searching for lost llamas.
B.Talking to his older brother.
C.Watching the llamas.
D.Looking at the city.
6.What can be inferred about Marta？（　　）
A.She enjoyed being with animals.
B.She was scared by a jumpy llama.
C.She was a bit shy around new people.
D.She would love to operate a llama caravan.
7.What did Quinterro want to show Marta by passing her the binoculars？（　　）
A.How he looked after the llamas.
B.The details of the mountains.
C.Why the city seemed dull.
D.A clear sight of the city.
8.What is the best title for the text？（　　）
A.A Different View
B.An Unexpected Visitor
C.A Pair of Broken Binoculars
D.A Life-changing Mountain Trip
C
　　High on the top of White Mountains of the US， the hard conditions make it difficult for life to take root.But for a certain type of tree — and for those who have travelled here to study it — this place is a perfect place.
　　These bristlecone pines are the oldest individual trees in the world.Researchers like Andy Bunn have come to learn from the ancients.“It’s remarkable to sit here and have your hand on one of these trees and know that it was growing when the pyramids were built，” Bunn added.
　　“By studying samples from the trunks， it’s possible to discover their hidden precise history.Each tree ring is like a time capsule of the environment for that year from which it was formed，” said Matt Salzer， a scientist at the University of Arizona’s Laboratory of Tree-Ring Research.“And it contains dozens of information — chemical information， the information on growth， and climate information.”
　　“If you’re trying to look at people in the past through time， tree rings give you a way to do it in a way that makes sense in a human life，” said Charlotte Pearson，a professor in the University of Arizona.She first became fascinated by the bristlecone pines after reading about an ancient volcanic eruption on the Greek island of Santorini.“It blew my mind that trees on the other side of the world could possibly be used to date this thing within a single year，” she said excitedly.
　　The oldest known living bristlecone pine is estimated to be over 4，800 years old.For Bunn， the climate record written in the tree rings offers guidance for how we might think about what’s happening in the present as we plan for the future.“What we’re seeing increasingly is that a lot of climate events that we are experiencing and living through right now have no example in the paleoclimate （古气候） record，” he insisted.“So， we are really moving into an unknown field.”
9.Why did Bunn mention the pyramids in Paragraph 2？（　　）
A.To state the trees are very old.
B.To prove his discovery is important.
C.To attract readers’ attention.
D.To stress the hard living conditions of the trees.
10.What’s the third paragraph mainly about？（　　）
A.The result of the research.
B.The process of the research.
C.The method of the research.
D.The significance of the research.
11.What does the underlined part “It blew my mind” in Paragraph 4 probably mean？（　　）
A.It puzzled me. B.It surprised me.
C.It defeated me. D.It disappointed me.
12.What can we infer from the last paragraph？（　　）
A.The paleoclimate record is hard to find.
B.There are lots of unknown things about pines.
C.Studying the tree rings is important for climate research.
D.There were frequent occurrences of the extreme climate events.
Ⅱ.完形填空
　　Natalie and Callie， both 13 years old， started raising monarch butterflies for fun in 2020.
　　But after realizing the monarchs were an endangered species， their 　13　 soon turned into a serious and passionate mission.
　　They learned that the population of monarch butterflies had　14　 since the early 1990s， due to habitat 　15　 and the widespread use of chemicals， which made the milkweed （马利筋） the monarchs 　16　 for their main diet dangerous to eat.
　　So the girls teamed up with a national nonprofit group to plant a native garden 　17　 for the monarchs.The garden grew organic milkweed that 　18　 and kept the butterflies.To alert people to the creature’s condition and help 　19　 the locals to sustain the monarch population， they created an exhibition about the monarchs in the local library.They also wanted to put up an educational sign in town， but it 　20　 a lot.To cover the expense， they set up a stand at the farmers’ market to sell their 　21　 milkweed to people to plant.Although the fundraising days were 　22　， they finally succeeded in earning enough money with their hard work and people’s support.
　　The team has won the silver award for their　23　 of taking care of butterflies， but they are not 　24　 with their work.“Our next step is to cut down on the use of 　25　 to guarantee a safe environment for the monarchs，”said Natalie.In the award ceremony， their teacher Brian 　26　，“I am so proud of them for their constant 　27　.”
13.（　）A.dream B.hobby
C.career D.decision
14.（　）A.doubled B.faded
C.declined D.exploded
15.（　）A.management B.assessment
C.selection D.destruction
16.（　）A.relied on B.kept off
C.broke down D.gave away
17.（　）A.partly B.secretly
C.rarely D.specially
18.（　）A.attracted B.protected
C.monitored D.enhanced
19.（　）A.employ B.educate
C.force D.limit
20.（　）A.meant B.cost
C.changed D.hurt
21.（　）A.dry B.medical
C.healthy D.wild
22.（　）A.pleasing B.light
C.long D.disappointing
23.（　）A.project B.concept
C.schedule D.assignment
24.（　）A.concerned B.connected
C.finished D.occupied
25.（　）A.chemicals B.time
C.funds D.energy
26.（　）A.quoted B.continued
C.replied D.commented
27.（　）A.donations B.support
C.patience D.efforts
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