【培优方案】UNIT 6　Nature in words（讲义）（学生版）外研英语选择性必修第三册

Section Ⅰ　Starting out & Understanding ideas
First Snow
Mr Robert Lynd once said of Jane Austen’s characters①： “They are people in whose lives a slight② fall of snow is an event.” Even at the risk of③ appearing to this fair and witty④reviewer⑤ as another Mr Woodhouse， I must insist⑥ that last night’s fall of snow here was an event.[1]I was nearly as excited about it this morning as the children， whom I found all looking through the window at the magic outside and talking away⑦ as excitedly as if Christmas had suddenly come round⑧ again. [2]The fact is， however， that the snow was as strange and fascinating⑨ to me as it was to them. [3]It is the first fall we have had here this winter， and last year I was out of the country， sweating⑩ in a hot climate， during the snowy season， so that it really does seem an age since I saw the ground so fantastically carpeted .
　　[1]whom引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词the children；as if引导方式状语从句。
[2]that引导表语从句；as引导比较状语从句。
[3]we have had here this winter为省略了关系代词that的定语从句，修饰先行词the first fall；动词-ing短语sweating in ...作伴随状语；so that引导结果状语从句；since引导时间状语从句。
The first fall of snow is not only an event but it is a magical event.You go to bed in one kind of world and wake up to find yourself in another quite different， and if this is not magic， then where is it to be found？ The very secrecy and quietness of the thing makes it more magical.
　　When I got up this morning the world was a cold place of dead white and pale blues.[4]The light that came through the windows was very strange， and it made the familiar business of splashing and shaving and brushing and dressing very strange too. Then the sun came out ， and by the time I had sat down to breakfast it was shining bravely and flushing the snow with delicate pinks.The dining-room window had been transformed into a lovely Japanese print.The little plum tree outside， with the faintly flushed snow lining its branches and artfully disposed along its trunk， stood in full sunlight.
An hour or two later everything was a cold sparkle of white and blue.The world had completely changed again.The little Japanese prints had all disappeared.I looked out of my study window， over the garden， the field， to the low hills beyond， and the ground went on and on， the sky was thick grey， and all the trees so many black and threatening shapes.There was indeed something curiously disturbing about the whole prospect .[5]It was as if our kindly countryside， close to the very heart of England， had been turned into a cruel grassland.At any moment， it seemed， a body of horsemen might be seen breaking out from the black trees， so many weapons might be heard and some distant spot of snow be reddened .It was that kind of landscape .
　　[4]本句为and连接的并列句；that引导定语从句，修饰先行词The light。
　　[5]as if引导表语从句，且as if引导的从句使用了虚拟语气。
Now it has changed again.The glare has gone and no touch of the disturbing remains .But the snow is falling heavily， in great soft flakes ， so that you can hardly see across the shallow valley， and the roofs are thick and the trees all bending ， and the weathercock of the village church， still to be seen through the grey loaded air ， has become some creature out of Hans Andersen.From my study， which is apart from the house and faces it， I can see the children flattening their noses against the window， and there is running through my head a rhyme I used to repeat when I was a child and flattened my nose against the cold window to watch the falling snow：
Snow， snow faster：
White alabaster！
Killing geese in Scotland，
Sending feathers here！
（Adaptation from First Snow by John Boynton Priestley）
【读文清障】
①character n.人物
②slight adj.小的，轻微的
③at the risk of
冒着……的风险
④witty adj.机智的；言辞诙谐的；巧妙的
⑤reviewer n.评论家
review v.评论
⑥insist v.坚称，坚决认为
insist on坚持
⑦talk away不停地说
⑧come round
再度发生，再次出现
⑨fascinating adj.迷人的
fascinate v.迷住，深深吸引
fascination n.魅力；入迷
⑩sweat v.出汗；流汗
carpet v.把……厚厚地覆盖
wake up醒来，唤醒
secrecy n.保密，秘密状态
shaving n.刮胡子
come out 出来，出现
flush v.（使）发红
delicate adj.柔和的；淡雅的
transform ...into ...
把……转变成……
faintly adv.微弱地；模糊地
dispose v.排列，布置
sparkle n.闪耀，闪光
study n.书房
threatening adj.恐吓的，威胁的
prospect n.开阔的景观，景色
spot n.斑点
redden v.（使）变红
landscape n.风景，景色
glare n.刺眼的强光
remain v.继续存在
flake n.小薄片
shallow adj.浅的
bend v.变弯曲
the grey loaded air
灰蒙蒙的空气
flatten v.（使）变平，把……弄平
rhyme n.儿歌，童谣
goose n.[pl.geese]鹅
【参考译文】
初雪
罗伯特·林德先生曾这样评论过简·奥斯汀笔下的人物：“在这些人的生命里，场场小雪皆是大事。”在这位公正睿智的评论家面前，即便是冒着让自己看起来像伍德豪斯先生那样的风险，我也得坚持说：“昨晚这儿的那场雪是件大事。”对于这场雪，我今早近乎像孩子们那样兴奋。我发现孩子们在透过窗子看着外面奇妙的世界，兴奋地说个不停，就像圣诞节突然又要来了一般。事实上，这场雪于我而言，也是同样的奇异，同样的迷人。这是今年冬天我们在这里的第一场雪，而在去年的雪季，我身在异国，在酷热的天气里汗流不止，所以离我上次欣赏到这银装素裹的世界，着实过了些时日了。
　　这场初雪不仅是一件大事，而且还是一件具有魔力的大事。入睡时，世界是一个模样，醒来则是完全不同的另一番模样，若非有魔力，如何才能这般？神秘，悄然，这给雪又添了几分魔力。
　　今早我起床时，世界是一片寂然的白色与浅淡的蓝色，到处清清冷冷。窗子透进来的光线很是怪异，使得洗脸、刮胡子、刷牙、穿衣服这些熟悉的日常行为也显得离奇古怪。接着太阳出来了，等到我坐下来吃早餐时，太阳的光彩已是绚烂夺目，给雪地添了一抹柔和的粉红色。餐厅的窗户成了一幅可爱的日本版画。在阳光的普照之下，屋外的李子树的树干和枝丫被淡粉的积雪精致巧妙地装点着。
　　一两个小时过后，一切都闪着或白或蓝的微光。世界又彻底改变了模样。小小的日本版画都消失不见了，我从书房看向窗外，越过花园、田野，再望向远处低矮的小山，沿着不断向前延伸的地面望去，天空成了厚重的灰色，所有的树木都显出一副黑黢黢和凶神恶煞的样子。整个景象确实会给人带来一种奇怪的、不安的感受。就好像我们这个靠近英格兰中心位置的亲切小乡村变成了暴躁的草原；仿佛随时可能看见一群骑兵从黑黝黝的树丛中冲出，可能听见武器的交错响声，最后好像看见远处的白雪一点点被血液染红。这幅景象就是给人这种感觉。
　　现在，一切又变了。炫目的日光已然消失，也不再有那种紧张不安感。大片柔软的雪花铺天盖地地飘落，遮挡了你的视线，让你几乎看不到浅浅的山谷，屋顶上存了厚厚的雪，树木被压得弯下腰来，村庄教堂的风信鸡在灰蒙蒙的空气中依稀可见，像是从安徒生童话里走出来的活物。我的书房是和房子独立开来的，书房在房子的对面。从书房看去，可以看到孩子们把鼻子抵在窗户上看雪的样子，我的脑海里出现了一首儿歌，那是我小时候将鼻子抵在冰凉的窗户上看雪时会一直重复哼着的歌：
下雪吧，下快一点吧：
石膏一样的雪白！
在苏格兰宰些鹅，
把雪白的羽毛送到这儿来吧！
（改编自约翰·博因顿·普里斯特利的《初雪》）
第一步：析架构理清脉络
Read the passage quickly and then fill in the blanks.
第二步：知细节明察秋毫
Read the passage carefully and choose the best answers.
1.What does “They” in Paragraph 1 refer to？（　　）
A.Mr Robert Lynd and Jane Austen.
B.Jane Austen’s characters.
C.Mr Robert Lynd and his friends.
D.People living in my hometown.
2.How did the writer find the first fall of snow here？（　　）
A.Magical.　　　　　B.Quiet.
C.Strange. D.Common.
3.What happened to the dining-room window？（　　）
A.It was flushed with delicate pinks.
B.It became a lovely Japanese print.
C.It was covered by the faintly flushed snow.
D.It was artfully disposed in full sunlight.
4.What made the writer hardly see the shallow valley clearly？（　　）
A.The grey sky.
B.The white and blue light.
C.The falling great flakes.
D.The bending trees.
5.What kind of style does this passage belong to？（　　）
A.A scenery essay.
B.A story.
C.An argumentative writing.
D.A letter.
第三步：拓思维品质提升
Discuss the following questions with your partner.
1.How should humans treat nature？
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
2.What do you think of the beauty of nature？
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
第四步：品语言妙笔生辉
1.Read the passage carefully and find the sentences describing the landscape.
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
2.Read the passage carefully and find the sentences using similes or metaphors.
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
3.Read the passage carefully and find the sentence using personification.
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
第五步：析难句表达升级
1.I was nearly as excited about it this morning as the children， whom I found all looking through the window at the magic outside and talking away as excitedly as if Christmas had suddenly come round again.
句式分析 本句为主从复合句。主句为I was nearly as excited ...as the children，其中使用了　　　　　　结构；whom引导　　　　　　　　从句，修饰先行词　　　　　　　　　　；as if引导　　　　　　从句。
自主翻译 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
2.It is the first fall we have had here this winter， and last year I was out of the country， sweating in a hot climate， during the snowy season， so that it really does seem an age since I saw the ground so fantastically carpeted.
句式分析 we have had here this winter为省略了关系代词　　　　　　的定语从句；sweating in a hot climate为动词-ing短语作伴随状语；so that引导　　　　　　从句，在此从句中，since引导　　　　　　从句。
自主翻译 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
Part Ⅰ　核心词汇集释
inspector n.检查员，巡视员
【教材原句】　Priestley wrote many successful articles， essays， novels and plays， but is best remembered for his play An Inspector Calls.
普里斯特利写了许多成功的文章、散文、小说和戏剧，但他因他的戏剧《侦探来访》而成名。
【用法】
（1）inspect v.　　　　检查；视察
inspect sb/sth for sth 因某物而检查某人/某物
（2）inspection n. 检查；视察
on closer inspection 经进一步检查
【佳句】　He worked as an inspector in a factory when young.
他年轻时在一家工厂当检查员。
【练透】　单句语法填空
①Education officials have been using another two vehicles to inspect schools 　　　　　　structural damage.
②On closer 　　　　　　（inspect）， the painting exposes serious social problems.
③All the passengers are to 　　　　　　（inspect） before boarding the subway.
insist v.坚称，坚决认为
【教材原句】　...I must insist that last night’s fall of snow here was an event.
……我也得坚持说：“昨晚这儿的那场雪是件大事。”
【用法】
insist on/upon （doing） sth　坚决要求（做）某事
insist that ... （should） do sth　坚持主张……（应该）做某事
【佳句】　You should respect the views of others， and at the same time insist on what you think is right.
你应该尊重别人的观点，同时坚持自己认为正确的观点。
【点津】　当insist表示“坚持说，坚决认为”时，其后的宾语从句用陈述语气。
【练透】　同义句转换
①We insisted that the Browns should use our car， but they refused.
→We 　　　　　　　　　　the Browns our car， but they refused.
【写美】　补全句子
②I insisted that he 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　at once， but he insisted that he 　　　　　　　　　　　　　then.
我坚持立即把他送到医院，但他坚持说他当时感觉相当好。
talk away 不停地说，喋喋不休
【教材原句】　I was nearly as excited about it this morning as the children， whom I found all looking through the window at the magic outside and talking away as excitedly as if Christmas had suddenly come round again.
对于这场雪，我今早近乎像孩子们那样兴奋。我发现孩子们在透过窗子看着外面奇妙的世界，兴奋地说个不停，就像圣诞节突然又要来了一般。
【用法】
talk down to sb　　 　 以高人一等的口气说话
talk sb into （doing） sth 说服某人（做）某事
talk sb out of （doing） sth 说服某人不（做）某事
talk off 说得天花乱坠；说得烦死人
【佳句】　Nobody’s listening， but she just keeps talking away.
没人在听，但她就是不停地说。
【练透】　单句语法填空
①She talked her husband 　　　　　　having a holiday in France.
②You can talk my head 　　　　　　　， but you can’t change wrong into right.
【写美】　补全句子
③The manager tried to 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
经理极力劝他不要走。
come round 再度发生，再次出现；苏醒；顺道拜访
【教材原句】　... as if Christmas had suddenly come round again.
……就像圣诞节突然又要来了一般。
【用法】
come about　　　　发生；造成
come across （偶然）遇见；碰见
come out 出来；出版；发行
come up 走近；被提出
come up with 提出；想出
come to 总计；达到（某状况）；苏醒
When it comes to ... 当涉及/谈到……时
【佳句】　By the time the summer came round， Kelly was feeling much better.
当夏天来临的时候，凯莉感觉好多了。
【练透】　单句语法填空
①How did the accident come 　　　　　　since he drove at a speed of sixty miles per hour？
②It is said that he is focusing on writing a book on space exploration.But when it will come 　　　　　　is up in the air.
【写美】　补全句子
③She 　　　　　　　　　　　　　on a sunny Sunday.
她在一个晴朗的星期天来看了我。
bend v.变弯曲 n.弯道，拐弯
【教材原句】　But the snow is falling heavily， in great soft flakes， so that you can hardly see across the shallow valley， and the roofs are thick and the trees all bending ...
大片柔软的雪花铺天盖地地飘落，遮挡了你的视线，让你几乎看不到浅浅的山谷，屋顶上存了厚厚的雪，树木被压得弯下腰来……
【用法】
（1）bend down/over　　　弯下腰来；弯腰
bend forwards 向前弯曲
bend one’s head 低下头
bend sb to （doing） sth 迫使某人（做）某事
bend one’s mind/efforts to sth致力于某事，专心致志于某事
（2）a sharp bend 一个急转弯
【佳句】　The road bends sharply to the right.
这条路向右急转弯。
【练透】　单句语法填空
①When the boy caught sight of Poppy， he went rushing towards the dog and bent 　　　　　　to give her a big hug.
②Eric bent himself to 　　　　　　（persuade） them to donate some blankets.
【写美】　补全句子
③When she 　　　　　　　　　　　　　， she could always do it well.
当她专心工作时，她总是可以做好。
Part Ⅱ　重点句型解构
句型公式：find＋宾语＋宾语补足语
【教材原句】　You go to bed in one kind of world and wake up to find yourself in another quite different， and if this is not magic， then where is it to be found？
入睡时，世界是一个模样，醒来则是完全不同的另一番模样，若非有魔力，如何才能这般？
【用法】
此句中的find yourself in another quite different属于“find＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构。
（1）find＋宾语＋形容词/介词短语/动词-ing形式（表主动或正在进行）/过去分词（表被动或完成）
（2）“find＋oneself＋宾语补足语”结构指某人不知不觉地发现自己处于某种状态，常表示意料之外的情况。
（3）在“find it＋形容词/名词＋to do ...”结构中，it是形式宾语，后面的to do ...是真正的宾语。
【品悟】　Meanwhile， I find myself looking back at my senior year， and thinking about all the wonderful things that have happened.
同时，我发觉自己在回顾自己高中最后一年的时光，追忆所有发生过的美好往事。
【写美】　微写作
①不幸的是，我发现我自己被卡在大南瓜里了。
Unfortunately， I 　　　　　　　　　　　in the huge pumpkin.
②当他醒来时，他发现自己在一个陌生的房间里。
When he awoke， he 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
③我发现我的大多数同学和老师都很友好。
I 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
④我们经常发现意识到别人的缺点比意识到我们自身的缺点更容易些。
We often 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　other people’s weaknesses than our own.
句型公式：by the time引导的时间状语从句
【教材原句】　Then the sun came out， and by the time I had sat down to breakfast it was shining bravely and flushing the snow with delicate pinks.接着太阳出来了，等到我坐下来吃早餐时，太阳的光彩已是绚烂夺目，给雪地添了一抹柔和的粉红色。
【用法】
（1）by the time＋从句（一般过去时），主句时态为过去完成时。
（2）by the time＋从句（一般现在时），主句时态为一般将来时或将来完成时。
（3）by the end of＋过去的时间，句子时态为过去完成时。
（4）by the end of＋将来的时间，句子时态为将来完成时。
【品悟】　By the time he was 14， Mozart had composed many pieces for the harpsichord， piano and violin， as well as for orchestras.
莫扎特到14岁的时候，不仅已经谱写了很多管弦乐曲，还谱写了许多拨弦键琴曲、钢琴曲和小提琴曲。
【练透】　单句语法填空
①By the time we got there， the play 　　　　（begin） already.
②By the time the course ends， we 　　　　　　　　　　　（learn） a lot about Britain.
③By the end of last month， the new building 　　　　　　　　　　　（complete） ahead of time.
【写美】　句型转换
④Next year he will be 18 and he will graduate from Guangming High School.
→　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　， he will graduate from Guangming High School.
提示：完成课后作业　UNIT 6　Section Ⅰ
10 / 10Section Ⅲ　Developing ideas
Silent Spring
There was a strange stillness①.The birds， for example — where had they gone？[1]Many people spoke of them， puzzled and disturbed.The feeding stations in the backyards were deserted.The few birds seen anywhere were moribund； they trembled② violently and could not fly.It was a spring without voices.On the mornings that had once throbbed with the dawn chorus③ of robins， catbirds， doves， jays， wrens， and scores of other bird voices there was now no sound； only silence lay over the fields and woods and marsh.
　　[1]puzzled and disturbed为形容词短语作状语。
Rachel Carson was a scientist by profession④， but these lines from the opening chapter of her 1962 book Silent Spring， “A Fable for Tomorrow”， show her talent as a writer.By imagining a world without birds， she aimed to alert⑤ not only the scientific community but also the general public to the damaging effects of human activity on natural ecosystems — in particular⑥， to the harmful use of pesticides， such as DDT.She believed that the chemical industry was knowingly⑦ causing harm to⑧ plants， animals and even humans， and wished to see pesticides used in a more responsible， limited and carefully monitored⑨ way.
Carson urged⑩ people to make themselves aware of the facts and do something about the situation.Silent Spring contains a lot of scientific research and case studies.The book details the gypsy moth eradication programme， which killed birds， in addition to gypsy moths.Another case study was the fire-ant programme that killed cows， but not fire ants.[2]The book also gives dozens of other examples of eradication programmes that did nothing to reduce the problems they were originally designed to solve.[3]The 50 or so pages at the end of the book list Carson’s sources， showing how thorough and precise she was as a scientist.
　　[2]that引导定语从句；they were originally designed to solve为定语从句，省略了关系代词that或which。
[3]how引导宾语从句。
　　Carson’s message was very alarming ， causing a great increase in environmental awareness.Its impact was immediate and far-reaching ： the use of DDT was banned and the Environmental Protection Agency （EPA） was established in the US.Silent Spring was therefore regarded as a milestone in the launch of the green movement in the Western world.It also earned Carson a posthumous Presidential Medal of Freedom and put her face on the 17-cent US stamp.
Silent Spring was not， however， received positively by everyone.[4]Though Carson’s research was strong and was supported by most scientists who reviewed her work， the book quickly became a target for critics in the pesticide industry.They said that Carson did not understand the science behind her arguments because she was a marine biologist rather than a chemist.Some also said that her work was more emotional than scientific.These were attempts to damage Carson’s reputation and stop her work from influencing public policy， but she remained determined to stand by her research.Carson appeared in public and on television to defend her claims — and today， more than 50 years after it was published， the voice of Silent Spring is still ringing loud and clear.
　　[4]Though引导让步状语从句；who引导定语从句。
Personally ， I enjoy Carson’s book.She made a crucial but potentially difficult-to-understand subject interesting and accessible to millions of people.[5]This is not so much because of the quality of her arguments， strong though they are， but because of the beauty and elegance of her writing.Her book not only changed the world； half a century later [6]it remains a book that deserves to be reread today， so that we can once again feel ourselves warm to the fire of its passionate message.[7]For unless we do listen to Rachel Carson’s warning， one day we may wake up to the strange and quiet horror of another silent spring.
　　[5]not ...but ...连接并列的表语；though引导让步状语从句，此处为倒装句。
[6]that引导定语从句；so that引导目的状语从句。
[7]unless引导条件状语从句。
【读文清障】
①stillness n.安静，静止
still adj.静止的
②tremble v.颤抖，发抖
③chorus n.合唱曲
④by profession职业上
⑤alert v.提醒，使（某人）意识到
alert ...to 使意识到，使认识到
⑥in particular尤其，特别
particularly adv.尤其，特别
⑦knowingly adv.故意地
⑧cause harm to对……造成伤害
⑨monitor v.监督，监视
⑩urge v.敦促；催促
urge sb to do sth 敦促某人做某事
detail v.详细说明 n.细节
eradication n.消灭
originally adv.最初地，原来地
be designed to 旨在，设计用于
thorough adj.仔细的；缜密的
thoroughly adv.彻底，完全；缜密地
precise adj.精确的；一丝不苟的
precisely adv.精确地
alarming adj.令人惊恐的，令人恐慌的
alarm n.惊恐，惊慌；警报
v.使惊恐，使害怕
far-reaching adj.影响深远的
ban v.禁止，取缔 n.禁令
ban ...from ... 禁止……做……
place/put/impose a ban on
颁布对……的禁令
milestone n.里程碑，重要事件
launch n.推出，发起
posthumous adj.死后获得的
become a target for
成为……的目标
critic n.批评家
criticize v.批评
criticism n.批评，批判
marine adj.海洋的
rather than而不是
emotional adj.情绪的
attempt to ……的努力/尝试
reputation n.名誉，名望
remain determined to do sth 仍然决心做某事
stand by支持
personally adv.就本人而言
crucial adj.关键的，至关重要的
elegance n.优美；简洁
elegant adj.优美的；简洁的
passionate adj.具有强烈信念的
passion n.激情，强烈情感
passion for 对……的热情，对……的激情
【参考译文】
寂静的春天
“一片古怪的寂静笼罩着这里。小鸟都飞到哪里去了？许多人谈论着，茫然困惑、惴惴不安。后院的饲养站已经被遗弃，为数不多的几只鸟也奄奄一息；它们浑身打战，无法飞翔。这是一个寂静的春天。原本喧闹的清晨，再也没有了知更鸟、北美猫鸟、鸽子、松鸦、鹪鹩的奏鸣曲以及其他小鸟的鸣叫声：只留下一片寂静，笼罩在田野、树林和沼泽的上空。”
蕾切尔·卡森本是一位科学家，但是1962年，她在《寂静的春天》一书的开篇章节“明天的寓言”中的这段描写，展现了她作为作家的天赋。通过想象一个没有鸟儿的世界，她想要警告科学界，提醒公众，人类活动已经对自然界生态系统造成了破坏性的后果，尤其是使用DDT之类的杀虫剂给自然界带来了严重的危害。她认为化学工业正在明目张胆地对动植物，甚至对人类本身造成伤害，她希望人们在使用杀虫剂时能够更加负责、节制，并且严加监管。
卡森督促人们认清事实，并且为此做出努力。《寂静的春天》中含有大量的科学研究和真实案例。在灭除舞毒蛾项目这一案例中，她细致讲述了人们在消灭舞毒蛾的同时，也杀死了鸟类；另一个案例则是在开展消灭火蚁计划时，人们杀死的是奶牛，而非火蚁。书中还讲了几十个其他灭除计划的案例，都未能像预期那样解决问题。这本书最后的五十几页列出了卡森的资料来源，显示出她作为一名科学家的周密和严谨。
卡森所述的事实让人们十分担忧，大大提升了人们保护环境的意识。这本书的效果立竿见影，并且影响深远：DDT被禁用；环境保护署也在美国成立。《寂静的春天》因此被视为西方发起绿色运动的里程碑。这使卡森在去世后获得了“总统自由勋章”的荣誉，美国17美分的邮票上也印上了她的头像。
但并不是所有人都支持《寂静的春天》。虽然卡森的研究很有说服力，而且得到多数审阅过这本书的科学家的支持，但是这本书很快成了杀虫剂行业批判的对象。他们说卡森并不理解她论证背后的科学原理，因为她是一位海洋生物学家，而非化学家。还有一些人说她的作品过于情感化，科学性并不强。他们想要通过破坏卡森的名声来削减她的作品对公共政策的影响，但卡森仍然坚持自己的研究，在公众面前、在电视节目中捍卫自己的观点。时至今日，《寂静的春天》已经出版五十多年了，但它的影响力依旧深远绵长。
　　而我个人也十分喜欢卡森的书。她把一个至关重要但十分复杂的问题用简单有趣的方式传达给了数百万人。这并不都是因为她书中高质量的论点是多么强有力，而是因为她美丽和高雅的文笔让读者喜欢。她的书不仅在当时改变了世界，就是在半个世纪后的今天，它仍然值得人们重新阅读，以感受她充满感情的文字带给我们如火焰般的温暖。因为如果我们不听从卡森的劝告，可能有一天在我们醒来之后，真的会面对一个古怪而又相当恐怖的寂静的春天。
第一步：析架构理清脉络
Read the passage quickly and then fill in the blanks.
第二步：知细节明察秋毫
Read the passage carefully and choose the best answers.
1.Why did many people get puzzled and disturbed？（　　）
A.Because they didn’t speak of birds again.
B.Because the feeding stations were destroyed.
C.Because birds’ voices were unusual.
D.Because most birds were gone.
2.What does Rachel Carson think of the use of pesticides？（　　）
A.The use of pesticides should be totally banned.
B.The use of pesticides does little harm to human.
C.Pesticides should be used in a more reasonable way.
D.Pesticides should be widely used in plants and animals.
3.What caused a great increase in the awareness of protecting the environment？（　　）
A.Carson’s scientific research.
B.The fire-ant program.
C.The green movement.
D.Some gypsy moths.
4.What is the author’s attitude to Carson’s book？（　　）
A.Critical.　　　　　B.Indifferent.
C.Supportive. D.Unfavourable.
第三步：拓思维品质提升
Discuss the following questions with your partner.
1.What is the significance of the book Silent Spring on today’s environmental awareness and green movement？
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
2.Is Rachel Carson’s opinion in Silent Spring still relevant today？
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
第四步：析难句表达升级
1.She believed that the chemical industry was knowingly causing harm to plants， animals and even humans， and wished to see pesticides used in a more responsible， limited and carefully monitored way.
句式分析 句中that引导　　　　从句，第二个and连接并列谓语　　　　　　和　　　　　　；see pesticides ...way为“see＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构。
自主翻译 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
2.Though Carson’s research was strong and was supported by most scientists who reviewed her work， the book quickly became a target for critics in the pesticide industry.
句式分析 句中Though引导　　　　　　从句，从句中又包含一个who引导的　　　从句。
自主翻译 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
Part Ⅰ　核心词汇集释
ban v.（banned， banned， banning） 禁止，取缔 n.禁令
【教材原句】　Now banned in many countries， it is still used in some for malaria control.
（杀虫剂）现在在许多国家已经被禁止，但在一些国家仍然用于控制疟疾。
【用法】
（1）ban sb from （doing） sth禁止某人（做）某事
（2）a ban on 对……的禁令
lift/remove a ban （on） 解除（对……的）禁令
impose/put/place a ban （on） 颁布（对……的）禁令
【佳句】　In my opinion， taking cellphones with the students should not be banned， but should be limited to certain areas.
依我看来，学生带手机不应该被禁止，但应该被限制在某些区域内。
【练透】　单句语法填空
①To develop the habit of saving food， everyone is banned 　　　　　　littering everywhere and wasting food.
②The president supports a total ban 　　　　cigarette advertising.
【写美】　补全句子
③In this country， 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　for people under the age of 18.
在这个国家，禁止18岁以下的人吸烟。
alert v.提醒，使（某人）意识到n.警惕，戒备adj.警觉的，警惕的
【教材原句】　By imagining a world without birds， she aimed to alert not only the scientific community but also the general public to the damaging effects of human activity on natural ecosystems — in particular， to the harmful use of pesticides， such as DDT.
通过想象一个没有鸟儿的世界，她想要警告科学界，提醒公众，人类活动已经对自然界生态系统造成了破坏性的后果，尤其是使用DDT之类的杀虫剂给自然界带来了严重的危害。
【用法】
（1）alert sb to sth 　使某人意识到/注意到某事
（2）on the alert for 密切注意……；提防……
（3）be alert to sth 意识到/注意到某事
（4）alertly adv. 警惕地，警觉地
【佳句】　The villagers alerted the travellers to the wolves and other wild animals which might come out in the night.
村民们提醒旅行者注意夜间可能出现的狼和其他野兽。
【练透】　单句语法填空
①Climbers need to be alert 　　　　　　the possible dangers of bad weather.
②A poster campaign was launched last week to alert people 　　　　　　the disease.
【写美】　同义句转换
③The public were warned to be watching carefully for suspicious packages.
→The public were warned to be 　　　　　　for suspicious packages.
cause harm to 对……造成伤害
【教材原句】　She believed that the chemical industry was knowingly causing harm to plants， animals and even humans， and wished to see pesticides used in a more responsible， limited and carefully monitored way.她认为化学工业正在明目张胆地对动植物，甚至对人类本身造成伤害，她希望人们在使用杀虫剂时能够更加负责、节制，并且严加监管。
【用法】
（1）harm v.& n.　　　　　伤害，损害
do harm to 伤害，损害
harm sb/sth 伤害某人/某物
（2）harmful adj. 有害的
be harmful to 对……有害
（3）harmless adj. 无害的
be harmless to 对……无害
【佳句】　Urban environmental pollution mainly caused great harm to human health.
城市环境污染主要对人类健康造成极大危害。
【练透】　单句语法填空
①She thought the bug was 　　　　　　（harm）， but later she found out that it could cause some minor problems.
【写美】　同义句转换
②However， online learning has some disadvantages.Staring at the screen is harmful to our eyes.
→However， online learning has some disadvantages.Staring at the screen 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.（harm n.）
urge sb to do sth 敦促某人做某事
【教材原句】　Carson urged people to make themselves aware of the facts and do something about the situation.卡森督促人们认清事实，并且为此做出努力。
【用法】
（1）urge v.敦促；催促n.强烈的欲望；冲动
urge that sb （should） do sth　敦促某人（应该）做某事
the urge to do sth 做某事的强烈欲望
（2）urgent adj. 紧急的，迫切的
in urgent need of 迫切需要
It is urgent that ... ……是迫切的（从句谓语用“should＋动词原形”，should可以省略）
（3）urgency n. 紧急
【佳句】　I urge that all of us （should） form the habit of thinking independently and going over lessons in time.我主张大家养成独立思考、及时复习功课的习惯。
【练透】　单句语法填空
①With the aid of some warm-hearted people，I perfectly solved the 　　　　　　（urge） matter.
②Action must be taken to deal with the 　　　　　　（urge） as soon as possible.
③Parents should actively urge their children 　　　　　　　（take） advantage of the opportunity to participate in outdoor activities.
【写美】　补全句子
④It is urgent that government and experts 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
迫切需要政府和专家采取措施解决这些问题。
be designed to do sth 旨在/被设计用于做某事
【教材原句】　The book also gives dozens of other examples of eradication programmes that did nothing to reduce the problems they were originally designed to solve.
书中还讲了几十个其他灭除计划的案例，都未能像预期那样解决问题。
【用法】
（1）design ...for ...　 　为……而设计……
be designed for sb/sth 为某人/某物而设计
（2）by design 有意地，故意地
（3）designer n. 设计者
【佳句】　Paper cuttings of special designs are put up to celebrate the Spring Festival.
特殊图案的剪纸被张贴来庆祝春节。
【联想】　by design的同义短语为on purpose，反义短语为by accident。
【练透】　单句语法填空
①What annoyed the teacher was that this student frequently lied to him 　　　　　　design.
【写美】　补全句子
②Many columns of the English newspaper Youth 　　　　　　　　　　　　senior high school students and they 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　our campus life.
英文报Youth中的许多专栏是专门为高中生设计的，旨在丰富我们的校园生活。
a target for ……的目标
【教材原句】　Though Carson’s research was strong and was supported by most scientists who reviewed her work， the book quickly became a target for critics in the pesticide industry.
虽然卡森的研究很有说服力，而且得到多数审阅过这本书的科学家的支持，但是这本书很快成了杀虫剂行业批判的对象。
【用法】
（1）target n.　　　　目标；对象
reach one’s target 达到某人的目标
target language 目标语言，对象语言
（2）target v.把……作为攻击目标，把……作为批评对象；面向……，把……对准（某群体）
be targeted at 瞄准，针对……
【佳句】　His war record became a target for his enemies.
他的参战经历成了他的敌人攻击的目标。
【助记】　Our course is targeted at English beginners.They can reach their targets in six months.我们的课程针对英语初学者。他们能在六个月内达到他们的目标。
【练透】　单句语法填空
①The new policy has become a target 　　　　　　　　criticism， attracting widespread attention.
②The advertisement campaign is 　　　　　　　　　（target） at attracting the younger generation.
【写美】　补全句子
③Finally， being polite is highly recommended， which can protect you from 　　　　　　　　a cyberbully.
最后，礼貌是强烈推荐的，这可以保护你避免成为网络欺凌的目标。
reputation n.名誉，名望，名声
【教材原句】　These were attempts to damage Carson’s reputation and stop her work from influencing public policy， but she remained determined to stand by her research.
他们想要通过破坏卡森的名声来削减她的作品对公共政策的影响，但卡森仍然坚持自己的研究。
【用法】
have a reputation for　　以……著称
earn/establish/build a reputation 赢得/确立/树立声誉
live up to one’s reputation 名副其实
enjoy a good reputation 享有很好的声誉
damage/ruin one’s reputation 有损/毁坏某人的名声
【佳句】　This school enjoys a good reputation in my hometown.
这所学校在我的家乡享有很好的声誉。
【练透】　单句语法填空
①The company has a worldwide reputation 　　　　　　quality of design.
②She has won 　　　　　　good reputation for her contribution to medicine.
③His reputation 　　　　　　（ruin） when he was caught cheating people of large fortune.
【写美】　补全句子
④Sima Qian 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　as one of the cultural elites.
司马迁是名副其实的文化精英之一。
remain determined to do sth 仍然决心做某事
【教材原句】　These were attempts to damage Carson’s reputation and stop her work from influencing public policy， but she remained determined to stand by her research.
他们想要通过破坏卡森的名声来削减她的作品对公共政策的影响，但卡森仍然坚持自己的研究。
【用法】
（1）determined adj.　　　　坚决的，坚定的
be determined to do sth 决心/决定做某事
（2）determine v. 决定，确定
determine to do sth 下定决心做某事
（3）determination n. 决心
with determination 坚定地
【佳句】　There were numerous diving spots in the area and Larry was determined to visit all of them.
这个地方有数不清的潜水点，拉里决心去参观所有这些地方。
【点津】　be determined to do sth表示状态，常考查determined to do sth在句中作状语，有类似用法的还有be lost in， be caught in， be absorbed in等。
【练透】　单句语法填空
①Write a poem about how courage， 　　　　（determine）， and strength have helped you face challenges in your life.
②　　　　　　　　 （determine） to carry out the plan in time， they will make careful preparations.
【写美】　一句多译　
③不知道在什么动机的驱使下，他决定写一本书。
→Driven by heaven-knows-what motives，he 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.（determine v.）
→Driven by heaven-knows-what motives，he 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.（determined adj.）
Part Ⅱ　重点句型解构
句型公式：形容词短语作状语
【教材原句】　Many people spoke of them， puzzled and disturbed.
许多人谈论着，茫然困惑、惴惴不安。
【用法】
句中puzzled and disturbed为形容词短语作状语。形容词（短语）作状语的用法如下：
（1）结构：可以是单个形容词，也可以是形容词短语，一般要用逗号将其和句子的其他部分分开。
（2）位置：通常位于句子主语前或句子主语后，有时位于句末。
（3）作用：一般用于说明主语的状态，可表示原因、结果、伴随状况等。
【品悟】　Excited and overjoyed， the children rushed to the front.
孩子们跑到了前面，既激动又欣喜。
【点津】　如果修饰句子的谓语动词或整个句子，则用副词作状语。
【写美】　微写作
①想弄清楚里面是什么，我打开了那张小纸条。
　　　　　　　　　　　 what was inside， I unfolded the tiny note.
②累得喘不过气来，我们到达山顶，并欣赏了美丽的景色。（动作描写）
　　　　　　　　　　　　　， we reached the top of the mountain and enjoyed the beautiful views.
③为了及时赶到那里，我在路上加快了车速，生怕给顾客留下不好的印象。（日常活动）
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　， I speeded up my car on the way to get there in time.
句型公式：though引导的倒装让步状语从句
【教材原句】　This is not so much because of the quality of her arguments， strong though they are， but because of the beauty and elegance of her writing.
这并不都是因为她书中高质量的论点是多么强有力，而是因为她美丽和高雅的文笔让读者喜欢。
【用法】
句中strong though they are是由though引导的倒装句， 作表语的strong提到了句首。though引导的倒装句也可以是正常语序，其中的though也可以使用as， 但是as引导的倒装句必须使用倒装语序。as/though引导让步状语从句倒装的用法： 名词/形容词/副词/动词原形＋as/though＋主语＋动词
【品悟】　Much tired though he was， he still worked late into the night.
虽然他很累，但他仍然工作到深夜。
【点津】　（1）该倒装结构中，句首名词不能带任何冠词。
（2）句首是实义动词，其他助动词放在主语后。如果实义动词有宾语和状语，随实义动词一起放在主语之前。
【写美】　微写作
①尽管他可能会尝试，但还是不能自己解决问题。
　　　　　　　　　　， he couldn’t solve the problem himself.
②尽管他们做了很大努力，他们却没法让她改变主意。
　　　　　　　　　　　　， they couldn’t make her change her mind.
③那条项链虽然很漂亮，但我们认为价格太高。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　， we thought it was over-priced.
④虽然他是个孩子，但他知道做什么是正确的。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　， he knew what was the right thing to do.
提示：完成课后作业　UNIT 6　Section Ⅲ
11 / 12Section Ⅳ　Writing a poem about nature
　　本单元的写作项目是写一首描绘自然的诗歌。
一、诗歌中常使用的修辞手法
1.明喻
明喻是将两个不同的事物作比较，展示二者的相同之处。明喻一般借助like或as这样的词来描绘相似之处。例如：
The mountains are like enormous shadows on the horizon.
群山就像地平线上巨大的阴影。
Her cheeks are red like a rose.
她的脸颊像玫瑰一样红。
2.暗喻
暗喻是将两个不相关但具有某些共同特征的事物进行含蓄的、暗示的或是隐含的比较。例如：
That test was a total breeze.
那次考试真是易如反掌。（breeze意为“微风”，也可以指代“轻而易举的事”，因此，这句话表示那次考试并不难。）
3.拟人
拟人是指把人类的情感、欲望、感觉、手势和语言等赋予人类以外的事物。这些人类以外的事物可以是物体、事件、动植物等。例如：
The sun was smiling.太阳在微笑。
The branches waved in the wind.
树枝在风中摇曳。
二、英文格律诗较中文格律诗的优势
1.以英语为依托，在世界范围内更易懂，受众群体更广泛。
2.更容易表现和吸收其他文化元素。
3.押韵方式更灵活，有abab， abba以及其他隔句押韵的方式。
三、写作方法指导
1.进行发散思维：利用思维导图进行头脑风暴，构思自己要写的人、物、景色。
2.运用修辞手法：写作时要适当地运用比喻、拟人等修辞手法来突出景物的特点与特征，要细致捕捉描写对象的颜色、形态、气味等，把景物描写得更加生动、形象。
3.采用灵活押韵：押韵方式有abab， abba以及其他隔句押韵的方式。
【佳作欣赏】
A Spring Morning
By Meng Haoran
This spring morning in bed I’m lying，
Not to awake till birds are crying.
After one night of wind and showers，
How many are the fallen flowers！
动作描写 insist v.坚称，坚决认为；坚持 flush v.（使）发红；脸红 bend v.变弯曲 sweep v.吹过，掠过；打扫 enhance v.改进；增强 ban v.禁止，取缔 pile v.堆放，摞起 tremble v.颤抖，发抖
人物描写 puzzled adj.困惑的，无法理解的 passionate adj.具有强烈信念的 elegance n.优美；简洁 elegant adj.优美的 gentle adj.轻柔的；温和的 gently adv.柔和地
环境描写 bloom v.开花 wheat n.小麦 prospect n.开阔的景观，景色
　　请从以上语料中选择合适的词汇，并用适当的过渡词完成下面语段。
在过去的两年里，因为我一直保持着冠军的地位，所以我被选中参加比赛。我的老师坚持让我为比赛而练习。我撒谎说：“我喉咙有点痛。”我甚至告诉Sara女士不要担心，因为我对任何事情都不困惑。然而，当我走上舞台时，我的手掌大量出汗，声音颤抖。最终，我走下舞台，羞愧得脸红。我对Sara女士说：“我本应该练习以提高我的能力。” 她低下头，温柔地告诉我，为一切做好充分的准备是很重要的。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
提示：完成课后作业　UNIT 6　Section Ⅳ
3 / 3Section Ⅱ　Using language
复习：非谓语动词作定语、状语和补语
①...I saw the ground so fantastically carpeted.
②...wake up to find yourself in another quite different， ...
③...I can see the children flattening their noses against the window， ...
④...flattened my nose against the cold window to watch the falling snow ...
⑤...last year I was out of the country，sweating in a hot climate， ...
【我的发现】
1.以上句子中，句①和句③为非谓语动词作　　　　　　　。
2.句②和句④中的动词不定式和句⑤中的动词-ing形式在句中作　　　　；句②中的动词不定式作　　　　状语，句④中的动词不定式作　　　　状语，句⑤中的动词-ing形式作　　　　状语。
3.句④中的动词-ing形式作　　　　，并与所修饰的名词之间是　　　　关系。
一、非谓语动词作定语
1.动词不定式作定语
（1）动词不定式作定语，须放在被修饰的名词或代词的后面。动词不定式与所修饰词一般存在主谓关系、动宾关系或同位关系。
The man to help you is Mr Smith.（the man will help you）
要帮助你的人是史密斯先生。
I have a lot of work to do.（to do a lot of work）
我有许多工作要做。
The ability to express an idea is as important as the idea itself.（the ability＝to express an idea）
表达观点的能力与观点本身同等重要。
名师点津
动词不定式作定语，且与被修饰词有逻辑上的动宾关系时，动词不定式须用及物动词；如果作定语的动词不定式是不及物动词，或者动词不定式所修饰的名词或代词是动词不定式动作的地点、工具等，动词不定式后需要加相应的介词。
He has no pen to write with.
他没有钢笔写字。
（2）当中心词为序数词、形容词最高级、the last、the only等或被这些词修饰时，常用动词不定式作定语。
It’s agreed that the last person to arrive pays for the meal.
大家一致同意最后到的人付餐费。
（3）有些抽象名词后常用动词不定式作定语，常见的这类名词有ability， chance， opportunity， plan， attempt等。
The exhibition is a unique opportunity to see her later works.
这次展览是观看她后期作品的难得的机会。
2.动词-ing形式和过去分词作定语
（1）动词-ing形式和过去分词作定语往往具有形容词的性质。单个的动词-ing形式和过去分词作定语经常置于所修饰词之前；动词-ing短语和过去分词短语作定语经常置于被修饰词之后。
He poured some boiled water into the bottle.
他往瓶子里倒了一些开水。
The house standing on the north bank of the river was built in 1955.
河北岸的那所房子是1955年建的。
（2）动词-ing形式作定语表示被修饰名词的某种用途或性能，常置于被修饰词的前面。
a walking stick　　拐杖
a sleeping bag 睡袋
a parking lot 停车场
cooking oil 食用油
（3）动词-ing形式（短语）作定语，与被修饰词之间存在逻辑上的主谓关系，表示事物存在的状态或动作正在进行。
They built a way leading to the mountain.
他们修了一条通往山里的路。
（4）过去分词（短语）作定语，与被修饰词之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系，表示被动或完成。
The players selected from the whole country are expected to bring us honour in this summer game.
这些从全国选拔出来的运动员有望在今年夏天的比赛中为我们带来荣誉。
【即时演练1】　单句语法填空
①Fearful that he might have an intention 　　　　　　（harm） her， Helen started to run.
②The airport 　　　　　　（complete） next year will help promote tourism in this area.
③It is up to the 　　　　　　（regulate） authority to put the measures into effect.
④The research 　　　　　　（conduct） recently shows that WeChat is the most popular social networking tool among Chinese netizens.
⑤Henry ran one hundred metres， jumped over a 1.2-metre fence， and held out his arms to catch the 　　　　　　（fall） child.
⑥Fitness Magazine recently ran an article 　　　　　　（title） “Five Reasons to Thank Your Workout Partner”.
二、非谓语动词作状语
非谓语动词作状语时，非谓语动词的逻辑主语必须与句子的主语保持一致。
1.动词不定式作状语
动词不定式可以起副词作用，在句中作状语。动词不定式可以作目的状语、结果状语、原因状语等。
（1）动词不定式作目的状语
动词不定式作目的状语，意为“为了……；以便于……”，常用to do， in order to do， so/such as to do等结构。
We will continue our campaign to prevent air pollution to make our sky blue again.
我们将继续我们防止空气污染的运动，以使我们的天空再次蔚蓝。
To avoid any delay， please phone your order directly.
为避免延误，请直接打电话订购。
名师点津
强调动词不定式所表示的目的时，可用in order to或 so as to接动词原形，但so as to不用于句首。动词不定式作目的状语可转换为 so that/in order that或so ...that ...引导的目的状语从句。
He got up early in order to catch the first bus.
他早起是为了赶上第一班公共汽车。
The bus stopped so as to pick up passengers.
公共汽车停下来以便搭载乘客。
He worked very hard to pass the exam.
→He worked so hard that he could pass the exam.
→He worked hard so that/in order that he could pass the exam.
他努力学习是为了通过考试。
（2）动词不定式作结果状语
动词不定式作结果状语常表示出乎意料的结果，常用于下列结构中：only to do， enough to do， too ...to do ...， so/such ...as to ...
I arrived at the shop only to find I’d left all my money at home.
我到达商店却发现钱全落在家里了。
He is too tired to stay up any longer.
他太累了以至于不能再熬夜了。
（3）动词不定式作原因状语
动词不定式在某些表示喜、怒、哀、乐等的形容词后作原因状语，用以说明产生这种情绪的原因。常见的这类形容词有sorry， surprised， glad， disappointed， excited， happy等。
He was glad to be home again.
再次回到家里，他感到很高兴。
2.动词-ing形式和过去分词作状语
动词-ing形式和过去分词作状语表示时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、方式或伴随情况，相当于状语从句。
（1）作时间状语
Seen from the hill， our town looks very beautiful.
从山上看，我们的城镇看起来很美。
When crossing street， you must be careful.
过街时，你必须小心。
（2）作原因状语
Being ill， he didn’t go to school yesterday.
由于生病，他昨天没去上学。
（3）作结果状语（过去分词无此用法）
Fifteen million trees had been blown down by the high winds， blocking roads， paths and railway lines.
1，500万棵树被狂风刮倒，把大小道路和铁路线都堵塞了。
名师点津
动词-ing形式作结果状语表示自然而然的结果。
（4）作条件状语
Given more time， we could have done it better.
如果给我们更多的时间，我们会做得更好。
（5）作让步状语
Warned of the danger， he still went skating on the thin ice.
虽然被警告有危险，但他仍然去薄冰上滑冰。
（6）作方式或伴随状语
Mary stood at the school gate waiting for Betty.
玛丽站在学校门口等贝蒂。
【即时演练2】　单句语法填空
①　　　　　　 （keep） his students occupied with an indoor sport on rainy days， James Naismith created basketball.
②He hurried to the school， only 　　　　（find） nobody was there.
③　　　　　　 （study） volcanoes for many years， I am still amazed at their beauty as well as their potential to cause great damage.
④　　　　　　 （locate） on the third floor beside the online reading rooms， it can be accessible from 8 am till 9 pm throughout the weekdays.
⑤She burst into tears， 　　　　　　（release） all her sorrowful emotions.
三、非谓语动词作补语
1.作宾语补足语
（1）动词不定式作宾语补足语
下列动词或词组后面要跟动词不定式作宾语补足语：forbid， advise， allow， ask， beg， cause， encourage， expect， persuade， prefer， force， get， intend， invite， remind， require， teach， tell， want， depend on等。
You are not allowed to smoke here.
这里不允许你抽烟。
The doctor warned him not to eat too much meat.
医生告诫他不要吃太多的肉。
名师点津
下列动词（短语）接省略to的动词不定式作宾语补足语：一感（feel），二听（hear，listen to），三让（let， have， make），四看（see， notice， observe， watch），五帮助（help）。
（2）动词-ing形式和过去分词（短语）作宾语补足语
动词-ing形式和过去分词一般只在两类动词（短语）后作宾语补足语：
①感觉、感官、意愿动词（短语）：see， observe， notice， watch， look at， hear， listen to， smell， feel， find， want， wish等。
②使役动词：have， make， get， leave， keep， set等。
When I opened the door， I found the ground covered by fallen leaves.
当我打开门时，我发现地上覆盖着落叶。
I saw him entering the bank.
我看见他正走进银行。
I had my bike repaired yesterday.
昨天我把我的自行车给修了。
2.作主语补足语
动词不定式作主语补足语时，同句子的主语是主谓关系。分词作主语补足语时，说明主语的状态、动作等。
He was considered to have prospects.
人们认为他有前途。
Tom was caught sleeping in class.
汤姆被抓到在课堂上睡觉。
名师点津
带有宾语补足语的句子变为被动句时，原来的宾语成为被动句的主语，原来的宾语补足语也就变成主语补足语。若宾语补足语为省略to的动词不定式，句子变为被动句时，动词不定式符号to需还原。
Someone observed him enter the reading room.
→He was observed to enter the reading room.
有人看见他进了阅览室。
【即时演练3】　单句语法填空
①One day， while driving near her home， she saw a dog 　　　　　　（wander） on the road， clearly lost.
②I have the same 24 hours in a day as you do，but I have made specific choices that allow me 　　　　　　（make） the most of every day.
③I need a new passport so I will have to have my photograph 　　　　　　（take）.
④Fat and salt are very important parts of a diet.They are required 　　　　　　（process） the food that we eat.
⑤With so much work 　　　　　　（do）， I have to stay behind after work.
句型公式：what引导的感叹句
【教材原句】　...what a pleasant time it is！ ……多么愉快的时光啊！
【用法】
what和how引导的感叹句结构如下：
（1）What＋a/an＋形容词＋可数名词单数（＋主语＋谓语）！
What ＋形容词＋可数名词复数（＋主语＋谓语）！
What＋形容词＋不可数名词（＋主语＋谓语）！
（2）How＋形容词/副词＋主语＋谓语（＋其他）！
How＋形容词＋a/an＋可数名词单数（＋主语＋谓语）！
【品悟】　Look！What a magnificent horse it is！
看！好一匹骏马！
【写美】　微写作/一句多译
①最后，我们走出了困住我们的森林。多么难忘的经历啊！事实证明，只要我们保持冷静，就总有办法摆脱困境。（主旨升华）
Finally， we went out of the forest that trapped us.What 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　！ It turns out that there’s always a way out of trouble as long as we stay calm.
②我们从山顶上看到的景色多么优美啊！（情感描写）
→What 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　！
→How 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　！
add ...to ... 把……加到……中
【教材原句】　Now think of more words in each category and add them to the boxes.
现在想想每个类别中还有没有其他的词，把它们添加到方框中。
【用法】
（1）add to　　　　增添；加入
add up 把……加起来；有意义，有道理
add up to 合计，总共
add that ... 补充说
（2）addition n. 增加，添加；添加物
（3）additional adj. 额外的，附加的
【佳句】　Her inspiring speech added a lot of confidence to the students.
她鼓舞人心的演讲给学生们增添了许多信心。
【练透】　单句语法填空
①The dictionary is out of date.Many new words have been added 　　　　　　the language since it was published.
②He is good at maths. In 　　　　　　（add）， his physics is also quite excellent.
【写美】　补全句子
③Please 　　　　　　　　　　　　and I’m sure they will 　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
请把这些数字加起来，我确信总数会超过100。
提示：完成课后作业　UNIT 6　Section Ⅱ
7 / 7单元素养提升
◇本单元语法学了什么内容？ 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 ◇自我评价 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
◇本单元写作练了哪个方面？ 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
回顾单元知识·提高语言能力
一、 核心单词
1.　　　　　　 adj.一周一次的，每周的
2.　　　　　　 n.刮胡子
3.　　　　　　 n.开阔的景观，景色
4.　　　　　　 v.变弯曲
5.　　　　　　 n.教堂
6.　　　　　　 n.儿歌，童谣
7.　　　　　　 v.改进；增强
8.　　　　　　 n.小麦
9.　　　　　　 adj.轻柔的；温和的
10.　　　　　　 v.吹过，掠过
11.　　　　　　 v.禁止，取缔
12.　　　　　　 n.合唱曲
13.　　　　　　 number 一打；许多
14.　　　　　　 n.推出，发起
15.　　　　　　 n.名誉，名望
16.　　　　　　 n.钻石
Ⅰ.选用上面单词并用其适当形式填空
1.He 　　　　　　forward and gave a kiss softly on her forehead.
2.In the next five years， China will continue to 　　　　the old age pension payment level gradually to safeguard people’s livelihoods.
3.They rank him as a realistic painter， who has gained a good 　　　　　　.
4.Although the use of certain pesticides has been 　　　　　　in many countries， some farmers still secretly use them.
5.A space shuttle 　　　　　　is incredibly exciting and inspiring to witness.
6.Much damage has been caused by the storm which 　　　　across the north of England last night.
7.She checks her emails 　　　　　　， and when she finds an important one， she immediately takes action.
二、拓展单词
1.　　　　　　 n.检查员，巡视员→inspect v.检查
2.　　　　　　v.坚称，坚决认为→insistence n.坚持，坚决要求
3.　　　　　　 adj.天真无邪的→innocence n.天真；清白，无辜
4.　　　　　　 adj.仔细的；缜密的→thoroughly adv.仔细地；谨慎地
5.　　　　　　 adj.精确的；一丝不苟的→precisely adv.精确地；一丝不苟地
6.　　　　　　 n.优美；简洁→elegant adj.优美的；简洁的→elegantly adv.优美地
7.　　　　　　 adj.具有强烈信念的→passion n.强烈情感，激情
Ⅱ.用所给单词的适当形式填空
1.It was her natural 　　　　　　（elegant） that struck me， and I fell in love with her at first sight.
2.This manager claims that he has evidence which can prove his 　　　　　　（innocent）.
3.Although he had studied the subject 　　　　（thorough）， he still felt a bit nervous when presenting his findings.
4.He went home very late last night， or， more 　　　　　　（precise）， in the early hours of this morning.
5.She was a Spanish woman with a 　　　　　　（passion） nature.
三、重点短语
1.　　　　　　　　　 不停地谈
2.　　　　　　　 发生，到来
3.　　　　　　　 （战争、火灾等）爆发
4.　　　　　　　 冒着……的风险
5.　　　　　　　 醒来
6.　　　　　　　 出现；显露；出版；开花；公布，揭晓
7.　　　　　　　 把……转变成……
8.　　　　　　　 对……的渴望
9.　　　　　　　 参加
10.　　　　　　　 使……意识到，使……认识到
11.　　　　　　　 给……造成伤害
12.　　　　　　　 催促某人做某事
13.　　　　　　　 ……的目标
14.　　　　　　　 支持
15.　　　　　　　 ……的努力/尝试
16.　　　　　　　 许多
17.　　　　　　　 大约
18.　　　　　　　 被视为
19.　　　　　　　 而不是
Ⅲ.选用上面短语并用其适当形式填空
1.As the smallest child of his family， Alex is always 　　　　　　　　the day when he is independent.
2.Only when the fish were hard to find in the river did they begin to 　　　　　　the government.
3.Alice promised me to 　　　　　　　　to keep you company today.
4.He has distinguished himself many times 　　　　　　　　his life since he joined the army.
5.What is known to us is that eating too much junk food 　　　　　　　　our health.
6.In only 20 years， the country 　　　　　　　　　an advanced industrial power.
7.Honesty 　　　　　　　the traditional virtue of our Chinese nation.
8.There are fifty students 　　　　　　　in each class in our school.
四、经典句式
1.find＋宾语＋宾语补足语
You go to bed in one kind of world and wake up to 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　（发现自己在另一个完全不同的世界里）， and if this is not magic， then where is it to be found？
2.形容词短语作状语
Many people spoke of them， 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　（茫然困惑、惴惴不安）.
3.though引导的倒装让步状语从句
This is not so much because of the quality of her arguments， 　　　　　　　　　　　　　（虽然它们很有力）， but because of the beauty and elegance of her writing.
Ⅳ.句式仿写
1.When he went into the library， he 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
当他走进图书馆时，发现很多学生埋头看书。
2.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　， Tony stood up and accepted the prize.
既惊讶又高兴，托尼站起来领了奖。
3.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　， he didn’t like waiting that long.
虽然他很有耐心，但他不喜欢等那么长时间。
整合话题元素·增强思维品质
一、自然景象
1.magic adj.　　　　　有魔力的，神奇的
2.fascinating adj. 迷人的
3.snowy season 雪季
4.quietness n. 安静，平静
5.carpet v. 把……厚厚地覆盖
6.dead white 寂然的白色
7.pale blue 浅淡的蓝色
8.light n. 光，光线
9.come out 出来，出现；出版
10.shine v. 照射
11.fresh adj. 新鲜的
12.bloom v. 开花
13.clear sky 晴朗的天空
二、环境危害
1.pesticide n. 杀虫剂
2.poisonous adj. 有毒的
3.ban v.& n. 禁止；取缔；禁令
4.consume v. 消耗；挥霍
5.absorb v. 吸收
6.filter v. 过滤
7.desert v. 遗弃，抛弃
8.silence n. 寂静
9.damage v. 损害，毁坏
10.human activity 人类活动
11.natural ecosystem 自然生态系统
12.harmful adj. 有害的
13.chemical n.& adj. 化学品；化学的
三、环保意识
1.responsible adj. 有责任的
2.limited adj. 受……限制的
3.monitor v. 监督，监视
4.urge v. 催促，敦促
5.aware of 意识到
6.solve v. 解决
7.alarming adj. 引起恐慌的
8.environmental awareness 环保意识
9.impact n.& v. 影响
10.immediate adj. 立即的，即刻的
11.far-reaching adj. 深远的，广泛的
12.establish v. 建立；创建
13.be regarded as 被认为
14.milestone n. 里程碑
15.launch v. 推出，发起
16.critic n. 批评家，评论员
4 / 4UNIT 6　Nature in words
单元话题
　导入
　　本单元涉及的主题语境内容是不同文学形式中描写的自然，介绍了不同作家笔下妙不可言的自然，包括Emily Dickinson的诗歌、John Boynton Priestley 和Rachel Carson的散文、Charles Dickens的小说等，旨在引导学生体会作者对自然的爱，更好地理解人与自然的关系，树立欣赏和保护自然的意识，建立感恩自然、珍视自然、关爱自然的信念。
看图感悟语境，选词填空。
sunshine， absolutely， recover， get ...ready for， by all means， be full of， go back to
1.Birds sing among the trees， and begin to 　　　　　　their nests 　　　　　　　　summer.
2.Only by being close to nature can we 　　　　　　our vitality and 　　　　　　　　our true selves.
3.I think the environment must 　　　　　　be strictly protected 　　　　　　　　.
4.The days are warmer， for bright 　　　　　　has come again.Everything 　　　　　　　　life and joy.
1 / 1学习讲义部分
UNIT 1　Face values
单元话题导入
1.appearance； inner　2.loyalty； challenges； selfless
Section Ⅰ　Starting out & Understanding ideas
【文本透析·剖语篇】
第一步
1.plain-looking　2.addicted　3.confidence　4.misjudge
5.care about　6.worthless　7.overlooked　8.bothered
9.beauty　10.being healthy
第二步
1－4　DCBC
第三步
1.Both of them are important， but inner beauty is more important.As we all know， external beauty will fade with time passing by， but inner beauty lasts long.
2.Being healthy， energetic， happy， and positive.
第四步
1.（1）I’m a girl who’d love to look good.Well，who wouldn’t？
（2）It felt bizarre at first.I didn’t like being reviewed from head to toe.
（3）I realised that my health， mental and physical，is the most important thing.
2.（1）People who pretend to be someone they are not tend to misjudge themselves.
（2）Although she’s larger than most other models， she’s really attractive and has the confidence to be herself — even in an industry full of beauty stereotypes.
第五步
1.that　主语　表语
爸爸觉得我太自恋，但我的解释是，我的照片没伤害其他人，有谁在乎呢？
2.定语　定语　that
那些把自己包装成别人的人，只会对自己产生错误的判断。
3.表语　非限制性定语
那就是我永远无法理解我姐姐的原因，她有17支口红，每天早上都不知道该用哪支好。
4.主语　宾语　定语　宾语
我真正钦佩她的一点是，她认可健康的身体不仅使我们更美丽，而且更快乐！
【核心知识·巧突破】
核心词汇集释
1.①to be　②to learn　③Many farmers desire that the present policy （should） not be changed.　It is many farmers’ desire that the present policy （should） not be changed.
2.①to be　②to be doing　③to have grasped　④not to have known
3.①往往会　②照顾，照料　③tends to get things done creatively； has a tendency to get things done creatively
4.①in　②identically　③are identical to/with
5.①with　②impressive　③were impressed at/with/by； made/left/had a deep impression on
6.①to recover　②to protect　③spares no effort to raise
7.①花费时间精力（做某事）　②打扰，烦扰　③asking
④to correct　⑤put you to any bother； bother you
8.①being defeated/having been defeated　②was widely acknowledged as/to be； It is widely acknowledged that
重点句型解构
1.That was why he was late for work； That was because he overslept this morning； The reason why Tom was late for work
2.①It is five years since　②Ever since then I haven’t found any time to go skating　③自从我离开这家公司已经三年多了。
Section Ⅱ　Using language
【重难语法·要攻克】
我的发现
1.连接代词　宾语　2.it
即时演练1
①that　②whether/if　③that　④Whether　⑤whether/if
即时演练2
①what　②Which　③Why　④how you’re dressed
⑤Where the English evening party will be held
⑥Whoever wants to go climbing
即时演练3
①has　②is　③are
【知识要点·须拾遗】
　①on　②assumed　③that
④Assuming （that） I am chosen to be chairman
Section Ⅲ　Developing ideas
【文本透析·剖语篇】
第一步
1.captured　2.mercy　3.death　4.sadness　5.rescued
第二步
1－4　CBAA
第三步
　Only Esmeralda would take pity on him and bring water to Quasimodo’s lips who cried out for thirst.Esmeralda made him feel the warmth of the human heart for the first time.From then on， he put all his life and passion for Esmeralda.He would go through fire and water for her and sacrifice everything for her happiness.
第四步
1.时间状语
每一刻，随着埃斯梅拉达的目光从卡西莫多的弯腿移到驼背，再从他的驼背移到独眼上，她都在他身上发现一些新的毛病。
2.倒装
我从来没像现在这般明白自己的丑陋。
3.宾语　原因状语
我不知道我是什么，因为我比卵石还要粗硬、受压迫、不显眼！
【核心知识·巧突破】
核心词汇集释
1.①merciful　②to　③at the mercy of the weather
2.①to　②announce sentence on
3.①to compete　②in　③attempted to impress； made an attempt to impress/at impressing
重点句型解构
1.①followed by her little daughter　②Encouraged by his uncle
2.①can we make a difference　②can practicing Chinese kungfu build up one’s strength but also　③do some people attach to satisfying their own needs
Section Ⅳ　Writing about a literary work
【演练佳作·写美文】
写作步骤
二、1.The novel The Million Pound Bank Note was written by Mark Twain.
2.He is a great American writer.
3.Through his humorous and sarcastic language， Mark Twain successfully depicted an unbelievable adventure of Henry Adams， a penniless American in London.
4.Two rich brothers in London have a bet on Henry and want to see what will become of him a month later if they give him a million pound bank note which can’t be cashed for even a penny.
5.A month later， Henry is neither starved nor arrested.
6.Henry becomes a millionaire dramatically.
7.He even wins the love of a pretty lady.
8.One obvious theme of the novel is the criticism of the money worship.
9.In the story， it also reveals the ridiculous British society at that time.
三、1.The novel The Million Pound Bank Note was written by Mark Twain， a great American writer.
2.A month later， Henry is neither starved nor arrested， but becomes a millionaire dramatically.
四、
　　The novel The Million Pound Bank Note was written by Mark Twain， a great American writer.Through his humorous and sarcastic language， Mark Twain successfully depicted an unbelievable adventure of Henry Adams， a penniless American in London.
Two rich brothers in London have a bet on Henry and want to see what will become of him a month later if they give him a million pound bank note which can’t be cashed for even a penny.A month later， Henry is neither starved nor arrested， but becomes a millionaire dramatically.What’s more， he even wins the love of a pretty lady.
One obvious theme of the novel is the criticism of the money worship.In the story， it also reveals the ridiculous British society at that time.
【教材词汇·练续写】
　　The little girl was playing intently when a dog ran over.She cried out with fright at the sight of the dog.The dog was as frightful to the timid girl as a monster.Sensing the profound fright from her expressions，he tried to comfort the little girl.He hugged the girl，drove away the dog and wiped her tears with tenderness.In fact，he was just pretending not to fear.When the mother of the girl knew about what he had done，she exclaimed，“Thank you so much！” She offered to repay him，but he refused.
单元素养提升
回顾单元知识
一、1.self-critical　2.boost　3.pretend　4.dormitory
5.overlook　6.bother　7.pill　8.welfare　9.accent
10.immense　11.resemble　12.repay
Ⅰ.1.overlooked　2.pretended　3.welfare　4.pills　5.bothers
二、1.acknowledge　2.identical　3.saving　4.psychology　5.finding　6.novelist　7.comprehension　8.motive
Ⅱ.1.comprehension　2.novelists　3.psychologist
4.acknowledgement　5.finding
三、1.tend to　2.a desire for　3.lose weight　4.be surprised at　5.come across　6.a lack of　7.keep fit　8.leave an impression on　9.with confidence　10.transform ...into
11.regard ...as　12.in reality　13.in silence　14.adjust to　15.attempt to do
Ⅲ.1.transformed into　2.a lack of　3.adjust to　4.tend to
5.in silence　6.a desire for
四、1.That’s why
2.It’s true that inner beauty is very important
3.Ever since I was little
4.Published in 1831
5.Never have I viewed
Ⅳ.1.that’s why I’m writing to voice my opinion
2.It is clear that
3.Ever since we met
4.Founded in 1636
5.Not once have they quarrelled
UNIT 2　A life’s work
单元话题导入
1.at the cost of　2.pursuit　3.overcame； be used for
4.representative； devoted
Section Ⅰ　Starting out & Understanding ideas
【文本透析·剖语篇】
第一步
1.photographers　2.fashion　3.uncomplicated　4.benefits
5.photo
第二步
1－4　CACD
第三步
1.In my opinion， he would like to live a simple life and didn’t value money and devoted all his life to his beloved career — photography.
2.As far as I’m concerned， I would like to write about his devotion to photography， because we can learn from his dedication and build ourselves into useful individuals for our country and our society.
第四步
　（1）A white-haired old man riding an ordinary bicycle around the streets of New York，always wearing the same blue worker’s jacket and simple black running shoes.
（2）Cunningham would go out onto the streets of New York each and every day， regardless of the weather.
第五步
1.让步状语　定语
虽然他总是知道时尚聚会和大型活动举办的地点，但无论是对于在贫穷的布朗克斯拍摄普通人，还是在富裕的曼哈顿拍摄贵宾，他都同样喜欢。
2.主语　定语
此外，坎宁安的伟大之处还在于他对摄影的奉献精神，以及他在工作中投入的大量时间和精力。
3.表语
他经常到一家简单的餐馆吃同样的食物，有香肠、鸡蛋和咖啡。
4.让步状语　定语
他珍视自己的正直，不为任何人所动摇，无论提供给他多少免费衣物或远程航班。
【核心知识·巧突破】
核心词汇集释
1.①from； to　②beyond　③and　④a wide range of
2.①fascinating　②fascinated　③to collect
3.①of　②fashionable　③in fashion； fashionable
4.①to　②devotion　③writing　④devoted　⑤devotion to； is devoted to； devotes herself to
5.①up　②aside　③off　④into
6.①n.方法　②v.靠近　③v.处理，对付　④solving　⑤With the approach of the exam； With the exam approaching
7.①for　②about　③talked about science passionately； talked about science with passion
重点句型解构
　①It is at this moment that　②It was the humorous Mr Wang who/that　③Was it because Jack came late for school that　④How was it that
Section Ⅱ　Using language
【重难语法·要攻克】
我的发现
1.代词　2.副词
即时演练
①because　②how　③whether　④when　⑤what
⑥that　⑦why they put erasers on pencils　⑧It sounds as if　⑨seems as if/though　⑩whether we can finish our work
【知识要点·须拾遗】
1.①trials　②by　③on trial
2.①有助于　②投稿　③contributions　④Learning about the history of the Tang Dynasty in advance contributes to your understanding of this essay.
Section Ⅲ　Developing ideas
【文本透析·剖语篇】
第一步
1.masters　2.maximum　3.endless　4.skills　5.modest
第二步
1－4　BDBA
第三步
1.The work of repairing clocks is full of difficulties.Sometimes even the difficulties can not be solved， but we must dare to face them and move forward bravely.
2.We need to carry on the fine traditions of our teachers.Training a new generation of craftsmen will not only help preserve the traditional skills， but their innovations will also ensure that their work will stand the test of time.
第四步
1.过去完成时　宾语　定语
要不是那三集纪录片，外面的人永远也不会知道，在这里工作的那些衣着朴素的人竟然都是精于各门技艺的大师，他们毕生都在修复珍贵的古董。
2.完全倒装
这其中便包括钟表修复大师王津。
3.状语　让步状语
王津穿过七重深红色的大门，走向自己的工作地点。尽管现在他经常被想和他合影的粉丝拦住，他仍然认为自己是故宫博物院的一名普通工人。
4.形式主语　that引导的主语从句　时间状语　表
人们突然明白，当钟表大师们说“这些古董有生命”时，这既不是夸张，也不是比喻。
【核心知识·巧突破】
核心词汇集释
1.①original　②in　③originated from ancient times
2.①over　②in　③took place
3.①with　②are often associated with homesickness； are often in association with homesickness
4.①off　②alone　③leave out/aside the others’ feelings
5.①to　②of　③has cast light on
重点句型解构
1.①were a dustman； would make our city cleaner　②had referred to those failed experiences； would not have made　③rained； should rain； were to rain
2.①stands a magnificent building　②lies a park
Section Ⅳ　Writing an expository essay
【演练佳作·写美文】
写作步骤
二、1.The vivid clay figures， which were made by “Clay Figure Zhang”， were very popular with people.
2.Mr Zhang， born into a poor family， made clay figures as a means of earning a living.
3.Mr Zhang was often in the markets and theatres， observing people from all walks of life.
4.He was so intelligent and often thought outside the box， which made his clay figures more vivid.
5.He spent most of his time in the workshop.
6.Through his hard work of several decades， Mr Zhang created more than ten thousand works.
7.Clay Figure Zhang’s spirit of craftsmanship will stay everlasting.
三、Mr Zhang was often in the markets and theatres， observing people from all walks of life.In addition， he was so intelligent and often thought outside the box， which made his clay figures more vivid.
四、
　　The vivid clay figures， which were made by “Clay Figure Zhang”， were very popular with people.
Mr Zhang， born into a poor family， made clay figures as a means of earning a living.Mr Zhang was often in the markets and theatres， observing people from all walks of life.In addition， he was so intelligent and often thought outside the box， which made his clay figures more vivid.He spent most of his time in the workshop.Through his hard work of several decades， Mr Zhang created more than ten thousand works.
Clay Figure Zhang’s spirit of craftsmanship will stay everlasting.
【教材词汇·练续写】
　　Looking at the breakfast，the mother was dominated with profound happiness.She imagined what painstaking efforts her two children had made，knowing it’s an ambitious task for them.Nothing was more precious than their affection and love for her.The twins were eagerly staring at her， hoping to hear her acclaim.She sat at the table，took a bite of the bread and shook her head，pretending she didn’t like the food.After seeing the expressions of her children，she suddenly acclaimed，“Excellent！I’m the happiest mother in the world.” Choosing a beautiful pose， they took a photograph and posted it on the blog.
单元素养提升
回顾单元知识
一、1.pose　2.grocery　3.celebrity　4.trial　5.hydrogen　6.precious　7.antique　8.polish　9.bark　10.essay　11.comprise
Ⅰ.1.comprised　2.essay　3.precious　4.posed　5.trial　6.antique
二、1.fashion　2.fascination　3.uncomplicated
4.restoration　5.maximum　6.preserve　7.modest
8.dominate　9.architecture　10.ambitious　11.associate
12.analysis
Ⅱ.1.association　2.preservation　3.ambitious　4.analysis
5.fascinating　6.fashionable　7.dominant
三、1.belong to　2.devotion to　3.take off　4.rather than　5.lack of　6.focus on　7.pass away　8.day in， day out　9.originate from　10.range from ...to　11.bring ...back to life　12.neither ...nor　13.pass on ...to　14.take on
15.take up
Ⅲ.1.devotion to　2.took off　3.bringing； back to life
4.pass on； to　5.originate from　6.take on
四、1.If it hadn’t been for a three-episode documentary， outsiders would never have known
2.Among these is the clock restoration master
3.it is neither an exaggeration nor a metaphor
Ⅳ.1.had been recorded； would undoubtedly have made
2.was his friend Jim
3.Neither the students nor the teacher knows
UNIT 3　War and peace
单元话题导入
1.Despite； are involved in　2.invade； regardless of
3.sacrificed； condemn
Section Ⅰ　Starting out & Understanding ideas
【文本透析·剖语篇】
第一步
1.background　2.order　3.stage　4.outcome　5.brave
第二步
1－5　CBADB
第三步
1.It mainly describes the violence of the D-Day landings and the brave acts the Allied troops performed in the fighting.
2.I admire the Allied soldiers’ outstanding acts of courage and as students， we should love peace and keep peace.
第四步
　（1）The enemy were hiding， ready to attack the Allied soldiers even before they reached land.
（2）As part of this solemn and moving occasion， a former soldier read out to the crowd these lines from the poem For the Fallen， by Laurence Binyon： ...
第五步
1.定语
这标志着一场计划了数月，甚至可能是数年的绝密行动终于进入了最后阶段。
2.宾语　主语　伴随状语
盟军士兵耳中回荡着这些话语，做好了登陆诺曼底的准备。
3.并列　省略　定语　those
船被击翻，一些人落水而亡，而那些成功登陆的人面对的则是机关枪的猛烈扫射。
4.定语　Germany
之后盟军准备进攻德国，而苏联军队也正从德国东部攻入，两军相遇。
5.定语　定语
70年后，曾在诺曼底登陆中奋战的将士聚集在英吉利海峡两岸，人们共同参加纪念仪式。
【核心知识·巧突破】
核心词汇集释
1.①under the king’s direct command　②have a good command of　③The leader commanded that all the members （should） be committed to the rescue work.
2.①like　②nothing but　③She was nothing more than an ordinary people.
3.①to talk　②in　③have made preparations for； have prepared for； have been prepared for
4.①solving　②to　③objected to pretending； had a strong objection to pretending
5.①memorize　②for　③which was really a memorable experience for me
重点句型解构
　①each equipped with the newest computers
②tears of happiness and gratitude welling up in his eyes
③There being no buses
Section Ⅱ　Using language
【重难语法·要攻克】
我的发现
1.单　复　2.复
即时演练1
①owns　②are　③is　④were seeking　⑤is
即时演练2
①are listening not speaking　②are against it　③is a long time in one’s life　④was left on the bus
【知识要点·须拾遗】
1.①removal　②to　③has completely removed my doubts
2.①basic　②is based on； is on the basis of
Section Ⅲ　Developing ideas
【文本透析·剖语篇】
第一步
1.What is real war　2.Lianda　3.conditions　4.contributions　5.glory
第二步
1－4　ACCB
第三步
1.It mainly tells us a product of the war， Lianda， which made great contributions to the resistance against Japanese aggression.
2.We should learn the strong spirit of perseverance and dedication from Lianda， protect our motherland and love peace.
第四步
1.让步状语　强调句
然而，尽管面临着巨大的困难和艰巨的挑战，在这个地方，经过八年漫长的岁月，国家的知识遗产不仅得到了保护，还得到了强化，这些都归功于联大杰出学者们的热情和信念。
2.主语　形式主语
难怪即使不是大多数，但也有许多中国领先的学者和科学家都是联大出身，包括两位诺贝尔奖得主，物理学家杨振宁和李政道。
【核心知识·巧突破】
核心词汇集释
1.①参考　②提及　③指的是　④reference　⑤refer to me as
2.①off　②out　③lay aside our prejudices
3.①hold on　②hold out　③Having been held up by the traffic； couldn’t hold back his anger
4.①for　②with　③fight back tears
5.For lack of cooking experience； they lacked cooking experience
6.①broke down　②break in　③break out　④break away from farming
重点句型解构
1.①not only learn the importance of teamwork but also
②likes the film　③Not only do oceans provide abundant resources and food for us
2.①it is no wonder that　②It has been calculated that
③it is important that you make the most of our school resources
Section Ⅳ　Writing about a war hero
【演练佳作·写美文】
写作步骤
二、1.Zhao Yiman was born in Yibin County， Sichuan Province in 1905.
2.She became a member of the Communist Party of China in 1926.
3.After the September 18th Incident， she went to north-east China to join the anti-Japanese troops，fighting guerrilla wars against the Japanese invaders.
4.In 1935， a large number of Japanese troops surrounded her men.
5.Zhao Yiman offered to cover the main troop to break through the encirclement，but was captured unfortunately.
6.Japanese used the cruellest punishment to force Zhao Yiman to reveal useful intelligence， but in vain.
7.So the Japanese killed her.
8.Zhao’s death was a huge blow to the anti-Japanese troops，but boosted morale of the soldiers to fight fiercely against the Japanese invaders.
三、Zhao Yiman， who was born in Yibin County，Sichuan Province in 1905， became a member of the Communist Party of China in 1926.
四、
　　Zhao Yiman， who was born in Yibin County，Sichuan Province in 1905， became a member of the Communist Party of China in 1926.
After the September 18th Incident， she went to north-east China to join the anti-Japanese troops， fighting guerrilla wars against the Japanese invaders. In 1935， a large number of Japanese troops surrounded her men.Zhao Yiman offered to cover the main troop to break through the encirclement， but was captured unfortunately. Japanese used the cruellest punishment to force Zhao Yiman to reveal useful intelligence， but in vain.So the Japanese killed her in public.
Zhao’s death was a huge blow to the anti-Japanese troops，but boosted morale of the soldiers to fight fiercely against the Japanese invaders.
【教材词汇·练续写】
　　On a misty August morning， we headed out for our one-week adventure.We had prepared for it for 3 days， so we had confidence in this adventure.During the first two days， we enjoyed the cool breeze and the fantastic coastline.Then， the rough roads made the adventure harder.Sleeping in the wild was such a horror that we couldn’t help recalling the beds at home.While crossing a lake， one of us was almost drowned.We got to doubt whether we could make it to the destination.At last， we got lost in the forest and returned home with the help of rescuers.Today， while telling the story， nobody can depict the adventure as a glory.
单元素养提升
回顾单元知识
一、1.objective　2.coastline　3.tank　4.recall　5.barely　6.memorial　7.outstanding　8.uniform　9.bomb
10.friction　11.weapon　12.academic　13.emerge
14.representative　15.sum　16.grain
Ⅰ.1.emerged　2.outstanding　3.barely　4.academic
5.representatives　6.recalled　7.objective　8.memorial　9.sum
二、1.violent　2.horror　3.liberate　4.stability
5.aggression　6.intellectual　7.invader　8.glory
9.dedication　10.relevant
Ⅱ.1.glorious　2.violence　3.liberation　4.intellectually　5.dedication　6.stability　7.relevance　8.invasion
三、1.be made up of　2.free ...from　3.have confidence in
4.nothing less than　5.prepare for　6.make it　7.meet up with　8.come up with　9.due to　10.refer to ...as ...　11.a sense of　12.hold down　13.a large sum of
14.a lack of　15.break through　16.track down
17.fight against　18.in memory of
Ⅲ.1.have confidence in　2.was made up of　3.meet up with
4.prepare for　5.Due to　6.held down　7.nothing less than　8.a large sum of
四、1.the aim being to free north-west Europe from German occupation
2.was not only guarded but fortified
3.It is no wonder that
Ⅳ.1.his head resting on his arm
2.will not only help students get access to more knowledge but also cultivate
3.It is no wonder that he has obtained
UNIT 4　A glimpse of the future
单元话题导入
1.are likely to； achievements　2.imagination
3.advanced； technological　4.With the development of
Section Ⅰ　Starting out & Understanding ideas
【文本透析·剖语篇】
第一步
1.thoughts　2.a lot easier　3.challenges　4.problems
5.dangerous　6.embrace
第二步
1－4　BACC
第三步
1.Household appliances such as electric lights， televisions， air conditioners and so on and furniture pieces are controlled by a smartphone with a touch screen.
2.Maybe one day we will control the development of AI.But now， we need to develop AI to solve some real problems.Anyway， there are many problems that mankind cannot solve at present.
第四步
1.It used to feel like 50 per cent of my time was spent researching new restaurants.In contrast，my PA only needs a few seconds to find the right place.
2.（1）Every recommendation she gives me is great since she can predict if I will like a particular restaurant.
（2）If we’re lucky，AI might think we’re valuable enough to keep around.If not， it might wipe us all out！
第五步
1.定语　that或which　宾语
因为她可以预测我是否会喜欢某一个餐厅，所以她给我的每一个建议都很棒。
2.并列　表语　时间状语
唯一的问题是，当第一批汽车上市时，可能会有一些机器学习问题，所以也许我最好先学会驾驶。
【核心知识·巧突破】
核心词汇集释
1.①to read　②I happened to be having a meeting； It happened that I was having a meeting
2.①With　②assistant 　③assist us to learn/in learning more about British and Western culture
3.①with/and　②by　③make a contrast with； contrast with
4.①out　②around　③on　④hang on to those old photos
5.①to　②fall victim to pollution； become a victim of pollution
6.①to become　②potentially　③to achieve/fulfill/realise our full potential
7.①as　②beyond　③for　④are capable of finishing
8.①forward　②into　③took a leap
9.①to read　②for　③illegally　④It’s illegal to drive through a red light.
重点句型解构
1.①either deliver a new book to me or give my money back　②either by calling the club office at 8759632 or applying　③Neither she nor her friends
④either in China or in other countries
2.①If not　②If so　③if necessary　④if living
Section Ⅱ　Using language
【重难语法·要攻克】
我的发现
1.of后的名词的数　2.单　3.单　4.单
即时演练1
①are　②is　③was　④is　⑤have been sent
⑥hasn’t been decided　⑦is
即时演练2
①was　②was sent　③is　④are　⑤am　⑥is　⑦goes
【知识要点·须拾遗】
1.①at　②assessment　③assess whether the system works well
2.①for　②are bound to be thrilled
3.①in　②to be told　③（should） be cleaned
Section Ⅲ　Developing ideas
【文本透析·剖语篇】
第一步
1.a live dog　2.was different from　3.views　4.desperate　5.counted
第二步
1－5　ABDDC
第三步
1.He would keep Robutt.We can conclude from the last two paragraphs.
2.I will choose Robutt.After all， we have been close for a long time and we know each other better.
第四步
1.并列　原因状语　比较状语
穿着太空服的吉米虽看起来臃肿矮胖了一些，但他能承受月球引力，而在地球出生的人是不能承受这种引力的。
2.非限制性定语　结果状语
环形山外侧向南倾斜，南面天空下方的地球全部显现出来，因此整个环形山山坡明亮了起来。
3.条件状语　伴随　宾语　时间状语　宾语
只要有罗布特相伴，吉米就没有危险。当吉米过于靠近一块岩石，它会扑倒他；罗布特还会扑向他，以表达爱意；当吉米藏在岩石后，罗布特就原地打转，低吼，战战兢兢，不论什么时候，罗布特都对吉米的位置了如指掌。
【核心知识·巧突破】
核心词汇集释
1.①desperately　②desperation　③Desperate to be a volunteer
2.①in　②at/by　③were greatly shocked； in a state of shock； were greatly shocked to hear
3.①faulty　②with　③at　④It is not your fault that
4.①on　②comments　③comment on/upon； make a comment/comments on
5.①consistently　②in　③is entirely consistent with
重点句型解构
　①so that you can make full preparations for it
②so that I got a good seat　③in order to； so as to
Section Ⅳ　Continuing a sci-fi story
【演练佳作·写美文】
写作步骤
　　Six months later，I came back home for my father’s funeral.Death was very confusing for a child.I didn’t understand what death meant；all I knew was that my father had been lying in bed and receiving medical treatment for his illness when I left，but now when I came back，he was nowhere to be found.He must be hiding somewhere.I was sure people couldn’t just disappear，especially without saying goodbye.Though my mother told me he had “passed on”，I thought she meant he’d traveled to another town.
Suddenly，an idea crossed my mind that my father might travel to Heaven.I knew exactly how to find my father.I ran to the front porch.However，I had grown during those six months in Virginia，and I could no longer squeeze under the porch.I sat in front of the porch all afternoon，calling for someone to answer me.No voice came.No father returned.No frog jumped out of his hiding spot.I was too big to talk to a sprite，so I started to cry.
【教材词汇·练续写】
　　I assisted Dad to mow yards to earn pocket money.He told the neighbours I was capable of doing the work and offered a price they could not refuse.Every time I headed out to mow，Dad demanded I （should） finish the job well.One afternoon，Dad called me and yelled，“Hey，son.You missed a piece.” I frowned，hoping he would forgive me and know I was desperate to go home.However，he was not the one for me to bank on.On the way home after finishing the work，Dad said gently， “Do as perfectly as you can and you are bound to do everything well in your life.” Then he hugged me tightly.
单元素养提升
回顾单元知识
一、1.victim　2.capacity　3.leap　4.regulate　5.client
6.cite　7.cell　8.bound　9.cycle　10.demand　11.slope
12.hop　13.frown　14.clue　15.consistent
Ⅰ.1.clues　2.victims　3.consistent　4.capacity　5.bound
6.frown　7.demand
二、1.artificial 　2.assistant　3.potentially　4.analyse
5.illegal　6.immoral　7.assess　8.mechanical
9.imitation　10.tightly　11.desperate　12.faulty
Ⅱ.1.imitation　2.analysis　3.illegally　4.assistants
5.assessment　6.desperately　7.mechanically　8.faulty
三、1.happen to sb　2.so far　3.used to　4.in contrast
5.hang out　6.be susceptible to　7.be capable of
8.wipe out　9.lie in　10.agree on　11.go through
12.the difference between ...and ...　13.as though
14.change one’s mind　15.be bound to
Ⅲ.1.lie in　2.is bound to　3.is capable of　4.gone through
5.hung out　6.change my mind
四、1.either the best， or the worst thing
2.If not
3.so that the entire crater-slope was brightly lit
Ⅳ.1.Either you or one of your classmates
2.If asked to look after
3.so that he got the first place
UNIT 5　Learning from nature
单元话题导入
1.harmoniously　2.repay； take from
3.created； a set of； imitating
Section Ⅰ　Starting out & Understanding ideas
【文本透析·剖语篇】
第一步
1.inspiration　2.many of the most fascinating designs
3.the beauty of natural forms　4.mimic　5.natural organisms
6.harmony
第二步
1－4　CBAC
第三步
1.Biomimicry is not a new idea.Since ancient times， simple people and scientists have been watching and studying nature’s best ideas and then imitated these designs and processes to find answers and solved many situations in human history.
2.Biomimicry is a new way to perceive and value nature.It brings us the idea that the best way to benefit from the natural world is not to massively extract substances and valuables from it.The conscious emulation of life’s and nature’s genius is a survival strategy for the human race.It’s a possible path to a sustainable and better future.
第四步
1.（1）When we look at a pine cone，we might think how much it looks like the tiles on a roof.
（2）An open flower might make us think how closely it resembles an umbrella.
（3）Shaped to resemble a lotus flower，it appears to float above the waterfront promenade and the water that surrounds it.
2.In a similar way，the Eastgate Centre has a “skin” covered in holes.
第五步
1.并列　形式主语　真正的主语　强调
以这种方式思考是很自然的，但当然不是雨伞给了花朵灵感，也不是屋顶给了松果灵感。
2.时间状语　定语
津巴布韦建筑师米克·皮尔斯在一部大自然纪录片中看到白蚁筑造蚁穴，从中得到启发，从而设计了东门大厦。
【核心知识·巧突破】
核心词汇集释
1.①at/by　②amazing　③in　④To my amazement； What amazed me was that； was amazed that
2.①an　②of　③to　④follow his example
3.①absorbed　②absorbing　③So absorbed was she in her job； Absorbed in her job， she didn’t hear anybody knocking at the door.
4.①response　②responded to； made a response to
5.①with　②harmonious　③in harmony with
重点句型解构
　①If elected　②while （we were） picking oranges
③Although living in different eras
Section Ⅱ　Using language
【重难语法·要攻克】
我的发现
1.主语　it　宾语　表语　2.表语　主语　3.表语
即时演练1
①Being exposed　②to distinguish　③to accustom
④Facing　⑤having
即时演练2
①studying　②being given　③to be reading　④working　⑤to take
即时演练3
①to raise　②convincing　③seated　④promoted
【知识要点·须拾遗】
1.①variety　②various　③in　④vary from person to person
2.①as　②to assist　③Employing himself in drawing up plans
Section Ⅲ　Developing ideas
【文本透析·剖语篇】
第一步
1.conflicted　2.reaction　3.peaceful　4.transformations　5.withdraw　6.beauty　7.convince
第二步
1－5　BACBA
第三步
1.The first sentence describes a beautiful scene of the dusk.The village is so far away that it looks fuzzy and the smoke rises gently and slowly.The scenery described in the sentence gives people a sense of peace and serenity， as if the world is not disturbed by any force.
The second sentence makes this beautiful rural painting come to life all of a sudden.Instead of writing about the songs of birds and insects， the poet wrote a very common song and bark of chickens and dogs， because the sound of chickens and dogs is the most characteristic of rural environment and the most harmonious and unified with the whole picture.It properly shows the life atmosphere of the countryside， and does not damage the peaceful mood at all.
2.Though we live in modern times， it isn’t possible for us to go back to nature to live a life as they do， what we should know is that it is urgent for humans to live with nature in harmony now， because we humans have already paid price for treating nature badly， such as global warming， floods， hurricanes， etc， which can be considered a sign that nature warns us.
第四步
1.状语　定语
表面上看，这两个人生活在不同的时代，相隔近一千五百年，迥然不同。
2.状语　同位语
公元405年，陶渊明永久地辞去了官职，以表达他对仕途的不满，用今天的一句名言形容就是“不为五斗米折腰”。
3.宾语　让步状语
我们可以从他的诗歌中看出，尽管生活艰苦，但他从这种简单的生活中成功获得了满足感，并从大自然中获得了乐趣。
4.宾语　定语　方式状语
梭罗的写作意在使人们信服，动物和植物就像我们人类一样都有生存和繁荣的权利。
【核心知识·巧突破】
核心词汇集释
1.①in　②in　③in return for
2.①with　②against　③he will react to the bad news； his reaction to the bad news will be
3.①退出　②撤离　③withdrawal　④withdrawn　⑤withdrew from the meeting
4.①to　②from　③resign myself to giving up halfway
5.①at　②with　③at　④put me at ease
6.①as　②on/by　③evaluate the consequences； make an evaluation of the consequences
重点句型解构
1.①while Lucy sat in the corner silently alone　②While my mom and I were shopping
2.①As is often the case　②As we all know　③As is mentioned above　④as will make them better and cleverer
Section Ⅳ　Writing about a lesson from nature
【演练佳作·写美文】
写作步骤
二、1.The set phrase “ya miao zhu zhang” means “Trying to help seedlings grow by pulling them up”.
2.There is a story behind it.
3.A man in the Song State was anxious about the slow growth of his seedlings.
4.He pulled them upward one by one.
5.He came back saying to his family，“I’m exhausted today，for I’ve helped the seedlings grow much taller.”
6.Hearing this，his son ran to the field and found all the seedlings had died.
7.This set phrase teaches us a lesson.
8.Going against the law of development in things and being overanxious for quick results will only make things worse.
三、1.The set phrase “ya miao zhu zhang” means “Trying to help seedlings grow by pulling them up”，behind which there is a story.
2.This set phrase teaches us the lesson that going against the law of development in things and being overanxious for quick results will only make things worse.
四、
　　The set phrase “ya miao zhu zhang” means “Trying to help seedlings grow by pulling them up”，behind which there is a story.
A man in the Song State was anxious about the slow growth of his seedlings.So， he pulled them upward one by one.He came back saying to his family， “I’m exhausted today，for I’ve helped the seedlings grow much taller.”Hearing this， his son ran to the field and found all the seedlings had died.
This set phrase teaches us the lesson that going against the law of development in things and being overanxious for quick results will only make things worse.
【教材词汇·练续写】
　　To ease the working pressure，I drove to the rural area with my friend Harry last week.While walking on the lanes，I was attracted by the lotuses in the pond，the mulberry trees swinging in the wind and the flying dragonflies.“How amazing the scenery is！”Harry whispered to himself，unconsciously a smile spreading over his face.All of a sudden，we caught sight of a cottage in the distance.The nearer the cottage was， the more delighted we were，because we saw a beautiful botanical garden there.Enjoying the beautiful scene of the field，we felt a sense of fulfilment.
单元素养提升
回顾单元知识
一、1.superb　2.frontier 　3.pond 　4.sow　5.employ
6.bat　7.physician　8.bow　9.rural　10.decent
11.cottage　12.withdraw　13.domestic　14.ease
15.attain　16.fulfilment
Ⅰ.1.rural　2.attained　3.employ　4.decent　5.bowed　6.sown
二、1.architect　2.convert　3.wisdom　4.depressive
5.purity　6.resign　7.botanical　8.reject　9.evaluate
Ⅱ.1.architectural　2.rejection　3.evaluation　4.depression
5.wisdom　6.purity
三、1.take ...for granted　2.an example of　3.covert ...into　4.respond to　5.in harmony with　6.seek solutions to　7.take inspiration from　8.in return for　9.draw ...from ...　10.be opposed to　11.reaction to
12.withdraw from　13.resign oneself to　14.at ease with
15.be ready to
Ⅲ.1.are opposed to　2.in harmony with　3.reaction to
4.at ease with　5.respond to　6.be withdrawn from
7.is ready to
四、1.while watching a nature documentary
2.Creating buildings such as these
3.While Tao’s return to nature was a reaction to a lifestyle he was opposed to
4.as he describes in his journals
Ⅳ.1.While looking at the photograph
2.Being exposed to English frequently
3.while there’s little in the north-west
4.As everyone knows
UNIT 6　Nature in words
单元话题导入
1.get； ready for　2.recover； go back to　3.absolutely； by all means　4.sunshine； is full of
Section Ⅰ　Starting out & Understanding ideas
【文本透析·剖语篇】
第一步
1.excited　2.magical　3.pale　4.strange　5.lovely
6.cruel　7.bending
第二步
1－5　BABCA
第三步
1.We， humans， are also a part of nature， but we tend to distinguish ourselves from nature and do the things， which may harm nature.Therefore， respect nature and its resources， show some compassion towards it.It is the responsibility of a human being to protect nature.We， as humans， should refrain from doing any harm to nature if we need to provide a good natural environment to the future generations.Just as Charles Darwin puts it， “Everything， what is against nature， will not last for long.”
2.When I think about the beauty of nature， the first thing that comes to my mind may be greenery.But the beauty of nature is more than the greenery.Everything I feel and see around， including mountains， forests， rivers， birds， plants， animals， air， etc.— all are a part of the beauty of nature.
第四步
1.（1）When I got up this morning the world was a cold place of dead white and pale blues.
（2）The little plum tree outside， with the faintly flushed snow lining its branches and artfully disposed along its trunk， stood in full sunlight.
（3）But the snow is falling heavily， in great soft flakes， so that you can hardly see across the shallow valley， and the roofs are thick and the trees all bending， and the weathercock of the village church， still to be seen through the grey loaded air， has become some creature out of Hans Andersen.
2.（1）The dining-room window had been transformed into a lovely Japanese print.
（2）It was as if our kindly countryside， close to the very heart of England， had been turned into a cruel grassland.
3.Then the sun came out， and by the time I had sat down to breakfast it was shining bravely and flushing the snow with delicate pinks.
第五步
1.as ...as ...　非限制性定语　the children　方式状语
对于这场雪，我今早近乎像孩子们那样兴奋。我发现孩子们在透过窗子看着外面奇妙的世界，兴奋地说个不停，就像圣诞节突然又要来了一般。
2.that　结果状语　时间状语
这是今年冬天我们在这里的第一场雪，而在去年的雪季，我身在异国，在酷热的天气里汗流不止，所以离我上次欣赏到这银装素裹的世界，着实过了些时日了。
【核心知识·巧突破】
核心词汇集释
1.①for　②inspection　③be inspected
2.①insisted on lending　②（should） be sent to the hospital； was feeling quiet well
3.①into　②off　③talk him out of leaving
4.①about　②out　③came round to see me
5.①down/over　②persuading　③bent her mind to her work
重点句型解构
1.①found myself stuck　②found himself in a strange room　③found most of my classmates and teachers friendly
④find it much easier to recognise
2.①had begun　②will have learned/will learn　③had been completed　④By the time he is 18 next year
Section Ⅱ　Using language
【重难语法·要攻克】
我的发现
1.宾语补足语　2.状语　结果　目的　伴随　3.定语　主谓
即时演练1
①to harm　②to be completed　③regulating　④conducted
⑤falling　⑥titled
即时演练2
①To keep　②to find　③Having studied　④Located　⑤releasing
即时演练3
①wandering　②to make　③taken　④to process　⑤to do
【知识要点·须拾遗】
1.①an unforgettable experience　②a beautiful view we see from the top of the hill； beautiful a view we see from the top of the hill
2.①to　②addition　③add up these numbers； add up to more than 100
Section Ⅲ　Developing ideas
【文本透析·剖语篇】
第一步
1.1962　2.natural ecosystems　3.more responsible， limited and carefully monitored　4.case studies　5.beautiful and elegant　6.The pesticide industry　7.precise　8.defend her claims　9.banned　10.Presidential Medal of Freedom
11.environmental awareness
第二步
1－4　DCAC
第三步
1.Today， environmentalists and the green movement argue that many silent chemical and radioactive toxins， as well as carbon emissions， pollute the earth， the effects of which we will not feel until it is too late and the damage has been done.We need to pay attention now， they say， or pay the price.
2.The book is relevant because it carefully compiles scientific evidence to make its case.It shows that even though the impact of pesticides seems invisible， it is real， and it shows how all of the earth is interwoven ecologically.Damaging the soil or water damages animals （Carson focuses on birds） and humans.
In these days， the political debate about climate change is fierce.We debate， despite overwhelming evidence and consensus among scientists， whether climate change is really happening in the world.Her book will provide some ideas for these global problems.
第四步
1.宾语　believed　wished
她认为化学工业正在明目张胆地对动植物，甚至对人类本身造成伤害，她希望人们在使用杀虫剂时能够更加负责、节制，并且严加监管。
2.让步状语　定语
虽然卡森的研究很有说服力，而且得到多数审阅过这本书的科学家的支持，但是这本书很快成了杀虫剂行业批判的对象。
【核心知识·巧突破】
核心词汇集释
1.①from　②on　③there is a ban on smoking
2.①to　②to　③on the alert
3.①harmless　②does harm to our eyes
4.①urgent　②urgency　③to take　④（should） take measures to solve these problems
5.①by　②are specially designed for； are designed to enrich
6.①for　②targeted　③being a target for
7.①for　②a　③was ruined　④lived up to his reputation
8.①determination　②Determined　③determines to write a book； is determined to write a book
重点句型解构
1.①Curious to find out　②Tired and breathless　③Worried about making a bad impression on the customer
2.①Try as/though he might　②Hard as/though they tried　③Beautiful as/though the necklace was　④Child as/though he was
Section Ⅳ　Writing a poem about nature
【教材词汇·练续写】
　　Having held the championship for the past two years， I was chosen to participate in the competition.My teacher insisted that I practice for the contest.“I have a bit of sore throat，” I lied.I even told Ms Sara not to worry as I was not puzzled about anything.However，when I stepped on the stage，my palms sweated heavily and my voice trembled.Finally，I walked off the stage and flushed with shame.“I should have practiced to enhance my ability，” I said to Ms Sara.Bending her head， she gently told me that getting well prepared for everything was of great importance.
单元素养提升
回顾单元知识
一、1.weekly　2.shaving　3.prospect　4.bend　5.church　6.rhyme　7.enhance　8.wheat　9.gentle　10.sweep　11.ban　12.chorus　13.dozen　14.launch　15.reputation
16.diamond
Ⅰ.1.bent　2.enhance　3.reputation　4.banned　5.launch
6.swept　7.weekly
二、1.inspector　2.insist 　3.innocent　4.thorough　5.precise　6.elegance　7.passionate
Ⅱ.1.elegance　2.innocence　3.thoroughly　4.precisely　5.passionate
三、1.talk away　2.come round　3.break out　4.at the risk of　5.wake up　6.come out　7.transform ...into ...　8.longing for　9.participate in　10.alert ...to　11.cause harm to　12.urge sb to do sth　13.a target for　14.stand by　15.attempt to　16.dozens of　17.or so　18.be regarded as　19.rather than
Ⅲ.1.longing for　2.stand by　3.come round　4.at the risk of　5.causes harm to　6.has been transformed into　7.is regarded as　8.or so
四、1.find yourself in another quite different
2.puzzled and disturbed
3.strong though they are
Ⅳ.1.found many students buried their heads in books
2.Surprised and happy
3.Patient though he was
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