Section Ⅰ Starting out & Understanding ideas
It’s all about ME！
“Me”.It’s a small word with big meaning， and that meaning is as individual① to each of us as the way we look.[1]Through interviews， I was able to discover what “me” means to other people， and how they have learnt to appreciate the beauty② in themselves.
Psychologist， Dr Hart
Jade， 24， accounting manager
As a song in Ugly Betty puts it③， “It’s a pretty person’s world”.[2]I understand this more than most， as I have always been plain-looking④. I’m a girl who’d love to look good.Well， who wouldn’t？ So， ever since I discovered selfie apps that could remove my freckles⑤， enlarge⑥ my eyes and even slim⑦ my jawline， I have become addicted⑧.I spend hours every day editing⑨ my selfies， posting⑩ them and eagerly checking my phone a hundred times for comments .Each “like” boosts my confidence.[3]Dad thinks I am a narcissist， but what I say is that my pictures aren’t hurting anyone， so who cares？
[1]what与how都引导宾语从句，作discover的宾语。
[2]as引导原因状语从句。
[3]本句为but连接的并列句。在第二个分句中，what引导主语从句，that引导表语从句。
Dr Hart says：
Obsessive online photo editing indicates a lack of self-confidence and a desire for attention .However， the image Jade presents to obtain the praise of others is false.[4]People who pretend to be someone they are not tend to misjudge themselves.
Anthony， 21， college student
I never really cared about my appearance.[5]That’s why I could never understand my sister， who has 17 lipsticks and can’t decide which one to use every morning.I only used to have five identical pairs of trousers and five identical shirts.When I first moved into my dormitory at college， this made my roommates quite confused as they saw me in the same clothes day after day.Last month they registered me for a TV programme， A New You.It felt bizarre at first.I didn’t like being reviewed from head to toe .But I was surprised at how good I looked after the makeover！ For the first time in my life I saw myself as a handsome and well-presented young man.At that moment， I perceived that external beauty isn’t totally worthless.It can be an expression of our personalities ， helping us make a good and positive impression on others.
[4]本句的句子主干为：People tend to misjudge themselves.句中who pretend ...they are not为who引导的定语从句，修饰先行词People；在定语从句中，they are not是省略了关系代词that的定语从句，修饰先行词someone。
[5]本句中why引导表语从句。who引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词my sister。
Dr Hart says：
It’s true that inner beauty is very important， but external beauty shouldn’t be completely overlooked .It plays a part in the image we present to the world， and making an effort with your appearance can leave a positive first impression on others and boost your confidence.
Emma，17， senior high school student
Ever since I was little， I’ve been larger than other girls.For a long time， this really bothered me.People would stare at me because I was “big” and I hated the way I looked.My anxiety drove me to try every means possible to lose weight， including dieting and weight-loss pills， but this brought me nothing but pain and poor health.Everything changed when one day I came across the success story of a plus-size model， Tess Holliday.Although she’s larger than most other models， she’s really attractive and has the confidence to be herself — even in an industry full of beauty stereotypes .Her story changed my ideas about what it means to be beautiful.I realised that my health， mental and physical， is the most important thing.Now I exercise a couple of times a week but just to keep fit .I mean， isn’t it better that I’m large and happy， instead of skinny and unhealthy？
Dr Hart says：
I completely agree with Emma — being healthy is beautiful， and we should wear that beauty with confidence.[6]What I really admire is the way she has acknowledged that good health not only makes us more beautiful， but happier， too！
[6]本句为主从复合句。What引导主语从句；she has acknowledged ...是定语从句，修饰先行词the way；that引导宾语从句，作acknowledge的宾语。
【读文清障】
①individual adj.独特的，与众不同的
②beauty n.美，美丽
③put it 说，表达，表述
④plain-looking adj.相貌平平的
⑤freckle n.（尤指脸上的）雀斑，斑点
⑥enlarge v.（使）增大，扩大
⑦slim v.变苗条，减肥
⑧become addicted 上瘾
⑨edit v.编辑；编选
⑩post v.（在网站上）发布（信息或图片）
comment n.评论
boost v.促进，推动
boost one’s confidence 增加某人的信心
a lack of 缺少，缺乏
a desire for attention 渴望关注
pretend v.假装，装作
misjudge v.对（人或情况）判断错误
identical adj.完全相同的；非常相似的
dormitory n.寝室
register v.登记，注册
from head to toe 从头到脚
perceive v.意识到，注意到，察觉到
external beauty 外在美
personality n.个性，气质
overlook v.忽视，忽略
make an effort 努力
leave a positive first impression on 给……留下积极的第一印象
bother v.（使）苦恼
diet v.节食
n.规定饮食，日常饮食
nothing but 仅仅，只有，只是
stereotype n.模式化的思想
a couple of 几个
keep fit 保持健康
skinny adj.极瘦的，皮包骨的
acknowledge v.承认（某事属实或某情况存在）
【参考译文】
一切都关于“我”！
“我”，这个小小的字有着十分丰富的含义。对于我们每个人来说，这个意义就像我们的外表一样是因人而异的。通过这次采访，我得以发现“我”这个字对于其他人的意义，以及他们如何学会欣赏他们自己的美。
心理学家 哈特博士
杰德，24岁，会计经理
正如《丑女贝蒂》里的歌曲所唱的那样，“这是个看脸的世界”。我比大多数人都更能理解这句话的含义，因为我一直相貌平平。我是个爱美的女孩。好吧，谁不是呢？所以，自从我发现自拍软件能消除我的雀斑，拉大眼睛，甚至削尖下巴，我就用上瘾了。我每天会花数小时修我的自拍照，发照片，并频繁地打开手机，迫切地查看评论。照片的每个“赞”都会增强我的自信。爸爸觉得我太自恋，但我的解释是，我的照片没伤害其他人，有谁在乎呢？
哈特博士说：
沉迷于修饰上传网络的照片，其实是缺乏自信和渴望关注的表现。不管怎样，杰德呈现给别人想要博取赞美的形象都是虚假的。那些把自己包装成别人的人，只会对自己产生错误的判断。
安东尼，21岁，大学生
我向来不关心自己的外表。那就是为什么我永远无法理解我姐姐，她有17支口红，每天早上都不知道该用哪支好。而我以前只有五条一模一样的裤子和五件一模一样的衬衫。当我第一次搬进大学宿舍时，室友看到我每天穿同样的衣服都十分困惑不解。上个月，他们给我在一个叫《全新的你》的电视节目中报了名。我最初感觉很奇怪。我不喜欢被人从头到脚地打量。但经过一番装扮之后，我被自己的美貌震惊了！我人生中第一次发现，原来自己也可以是个英俊又体面的年轻人。在那一刻，我意识到外在美并非毫无价值。它可以表达我们的个性，也有助于我们给他人留下良好、积极的印象。
哈特博士说：
内在美固然重要，但也不能完全忽视外在美。外在美在我们呈现给世界的形象中扮演着重要的角色。努力提升你的外表可以给别人留下积极的第一印象，增强你的自信。
埃玛，17岁，高中生
从小我就比其他女孩块头大。很长一段时间，我都为此深受困扰。仅仅因为我“块头大”，别人就会盯着我看，我讨厌自己的样子。内心的焦虑促使我尝试各种减肥方法，包括节食和吃减肥药，但是这样做毫无作用，反而给我带来了痛苦和不健康的身体。有一天，我偶然读到大号模特特丝·霍利迪的成功故事后，一切都发生了转变。虽然特丝比大多数模特都壮，但她真的魅力十足，并且有信心做自己——即使是在这个对美的概念有着刻板印象的行业。她的故事改变了我对美的看法。我意识到，自己身心健康才是最重要的。现在，我每周锻炼几次，只是为了保持健康。我的意思是，我壮实且快乐着，总比瘦却不健康要好得多吧？
哈特博士说：
我完全赞同埃玛——健康才是美丽的，我们应该充满自信地接受这样的美丽。我真正钦佩她的一点是，她认可健康的身体不仅使我们更美丽，而且更快乐！
第一步：析架构理清脉络
Read the passage quickly and then fill in the blanks.
第二步：知细节明察秋毫
Read the passage carefully and choose the best answers.
1.Why does Jade like spending hours every day editing her selfies？（ ）
A.Because she wants to appreciate the beauty in herself.
B.Because she loves listening to the song of Ugly Betty.
C.Because she is a narcissist and cares only about herself.
D.Because she is plain-looking and wants to look good.
2.What does Anthony learn from the TV programme A New You？（ ）
A.It’s wrong to care much about his own appearance.
B.What his sister does is not proper at all.
C.External beauty is of great importance.
D.The makeover can make girls worthless.
3.What is the most important according to Emma？（ ）
A.Success. B.Health.
C.Confidence. D.Exercise.
4.Which person does Dr Hart support most？（ ）
A.Jade. B.Anthony.
C.Emma. D.Nobody.
第三步：拓思维品质提升
Discuss the following questions with your partner.
1.Which is more important， external beauty or inner beauty？
2.What’s the beauty in your opinion？
第四步：品语言妙笔生辉
1.Read the passage carefully and find the sentences that describe the mood.
2.Read the passage carefully and find the sentences that describe a person.
第五步：析难句表达升级
1.Dad thinks I am a narcissist，but what I say is that my pictures aren’t hurting anyone， so who cares？
句式分析 本句为并列句。在前一个分句中I am a narcissist为省略了 的宾语从句；在后一个分句中what I say为 从句，that引导 从句。
自主翻译
2.People who pretend to be someone they are not tend to misjudge themselves.
句式分析 本句为主从复合句。who引导 从句，修饰先行词People；they are not为 从句，修饰先行词someone，省略了关系代词 。
自主翻译
3.That’s why I could never understand my sister，who has 17 lipsticks and can’t decide which one to use every morning.
句式分析 本句为主从复合句。why引导 从句，who引导 从句。
自主翻译
4.What I really admire is the way she has acknowledged that good health not only makes us more beautiful，but happier， too！
句式分析 本句为主从复合句。What引导 从句，What在从句中作 ；she has acknowledged ...是省略了关系词的 从句，修饰先行词the way；that引导 从句，作acknowledge的宾语。
自主翻译
Part Ⅰ 核心词汇集释
a desire for 渴望
【教材原句】 Obsessive online photo editing indicates a lack of self-confidence and a desire for attention.沉迷于修饰上传网络的照片，其实是缺乏自信和渴望关注的表现。
【用法】
（1）desire n. 愿望，渴望
a desire to do sth 渴望做某事
have no desire to do sth 不想做某事
（2）desire v. 渴望；期望
desire to do sth 渴望做某事
desire that ...（should） do sth
渴望……做某事
【佳句】 Reading can not only broaden our horizons， but also arouse our desire for knowledge.
读书不仅能开阔我们的视野，还能唤起我们求知的欲望。
【点津】 当desire后接宾语/同位语/表语从句时，从句要用虚拟语气，即从句谓语用“should＋动词原形”， should可以省略。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①Knowing that a Chinese painting exhibition will be held， I’m writing to express my desire （be） a volunteer.
②Since you desire （learn） Chinese culture， I think Beijing Language and Culture University is an ideal place for you.
【写美】 一句多译
③许多农民希望现在的政策不要变。
→
（desire v.）
→
（desire n.）
pretend v.假装，装作
【教材原句】 People who pretend to be someone they are not tend to misjudge themselves.
那些把自己包装成别人的人，只会对自己产生错误的判断。
【用法】
pretend to do sth 假装做某事
pretend to be ... 假装成……
pretend to be doing sth 假装正在做某事
pretend to have done sth 假装做过某事
pretend that ... 假装……
【佳句】 Magic is a form of entertainment that is based on pretending to do things that are impossible.
魔术是一种娱乐形式， 它建立在假装做一些不可能的事情的基础上。
【点津】 pretend后接动词不定式或从句作宾语，不能接动词-ing形式作宾语。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①He pretended （be） casual about the result of the competition.
②He pretended （do） his homework when his mother came in.
③When her teacher came in， she pretended （grasp） what the teacher said.
【写美】 同义句转换
④Tom pretended that he hadn’t known the old man before.
→Tom pretended the old man before.
tend to 倾向于
【教材原句】 People who pretend to be someone they are not tend to misjudge themselves.
那些把自己包装成别人的人，只会对自己产生错误的判断。
【用法】
（1）tend v. 往往会；倾向于；照料，照管
tend to do sth 易于做某事；往往会发生某事
tend to/towards sth 倾向于某事
tend （to） sb/sth 照料/照管某人/某物
（2）tendency n. 倾向；偏好；趋势，趋向
have a tendency to do sth 倾向于做某事
tendency for sb/sth 某人/某物的倾向
【佳句】 In general， comment section on the web tends to be filled with attacks.
总的来说，网络上的评论区往往充满了攻击。
【练透】 语境辨义
①People who love traveling tend to be happier.
②The lamb had become separated from its mother， so I jumped out of the tractor to tend to it.
【写美】 一句多译
③天才总是创造性地完成事情。
→The genius .（tend）
→The genius .（tendency）
identical adj.完全相同的；非常相似的；同一的；一模一样的
【教材原句】 I only used to have five identical pairs of trousers and five identical shirts.
而我以前只有五条一模一样的裤子和五件一模一样的衬衫。
【用法】
（1）be identical to/with ...与……完全相同
be identical in ... 在……方面完全相同
（2）identically adv. 完全相同地
【佳句】 Those who have identical hobbies are more likely to become good friends.
那些有相同爱好的人更有可能成为好朋友。
【练透】 单句语法填空/补全句子
①Their ideas are identical many aspects.
②The twins were （identical） dressed， making it difficult to tell them apart.
③The tests those carried out last year.这些测试与去年进行的测试完全相同。
make/leave/have a ...impression on sb给某人留下……印象
【教材原句】 It can be an expression of our personalities， helping us make a good and positive impression on others.它可以表达我们的个性，也有助于我们给他人留下良好、积极的印象。
【用法】
（1）impression n. 印象；感想
（2）impress v. 给……留下深刻印象；使铭记
impress sb with ... 使某人铭记……；使某人对……印象深刻
be impressed at/with/by 对……印象深刻
（3）impressive adj. 令人赞叹的；令人敬佩的
【佳句】 As a general rule， keeping smiling can leave a good impression on the interviewers.
一般来说，保持微笑能给面试官留下好印象。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①The young man impressed the woman his sincerity.
②The newly built skyscraper， which is 160 meters in height， is really （impress）.
【写美】 一句多译
③他们的勤奋给我们留下深刻印象。
→We their industry.（impress）
→Their industry us.（impression）
make an effort 努力
【教材原句】 It plays a part in the image we present to the world， and making an effort with your appearance can leave a positive first impression on others and boost your confidence.
外在美在我们呈现给世界的形象中扮演着重要的角色。努力提升你的外表可以给别人留下积极的第一印象，增强你的自信。
【用法】
make efforts/every effort to do sth 努力做某事
spare no effort to do sth 不遗余力地做某事
in an effort to do sth 为了做某事
with/without effort 费力地/毫不费力地
【佳句】 If all of us could make an effort to keep the office tidy， it would help a lot.
如果我们都努力保持办公室整洁，这样会有很大帮助。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①In an effort （recover） my missing book， I have to turn to you for help.
②Let’s make joint efforts （protect） the environment.
【写美】 补全句子
③The municipal government environmental awareness of the general public.
市政府不遗余力地提升公众的环保意识。
bother v.（使）苦恼；打扰，烦扰；花费时间精力（做某事） n.麻烦，困难；令人烦恼的情况（人或事物）
【教材原句】 Ever since I was little， I’ve been larger than other girls.For a long time， this really bothered me.
从小我就比其他女孩块头大。很长一段时间，我都为此深受困扰。
【用法】
（1）bother to do sth＝bother （about） doing sth 费心做某事
bother sb to do sth 麻烦某人做某事
bother sb with sth 因某事而打扰某人
can’t be bothered to do sth 不愿为做某事而操心，嫌麻烦而不做某事
It bothers sb to do sth/that ... 做某事让某人烦恼
Why bother （doing ...）？ 干吗要费事（做……）？
（2）put sb to any bother 给某人添乱
【佳句】 Don’t be afraid to discuss something that is bothering you.All you should do right now is face it.
不要害怕讨论正在困扰你的事情。现在你所要做的就是正视它。
【练透】 语境辨义/单句语法填空
①He didn’t even bother to let me know he was coming.
②Don’t bother him during his leisure time.
③Why bother （ask） if you are not really interested in the match to be held this weekend？
④So I have no choice but to bother you （correct） my mistakes in my essay.
【写美】 一句多译
⑤我想过来和你住在一起，但我不想给你添乱。
→I’d love to come and stay with you， but I don’t want to .
→I’d love to come and stay with you， but I don’t want to .
acknowledge v.承认（某事属实或某情况存在）
【教材原句】 What I really admire is the way she has acknowledged that good health not only makes us more beautiful， but happier， too！
我真正钦佩她的一点是，她认可健康的身体不仅使我们更美丽，而且更快乐！
【用法】
acknowledge sb/sth to be/as ...承认某人/某物是……
It is acknowledged that ...大家公认，普遍认为……
acknowledge doing/having done sth 承认做了某事
【佳句】 Lu Xun is acknowledged as/to be one of the greatest modern writers in China.
鲁迅被公认为中国最伟大的现代作家之一。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①Tom acknowledged （defeat） in the English speech competition， which made us quite depressed.
【写美】 一句多译
②他被公认为世界上最伟大的物理学家之一。
→He one of the greatest physicists in the world.
→ he was one of the greatest physicists in the world.
Part Ⅱ 重点句型解构
句型公式：That’s why ...那就是为什么……
【教材原句】 I never really cared about my appearance.That’s why I could never understand my sister，who has 17 lipsticks and can’t decide which one to use every morning.
我向来不关心自己的外表。那就是为什么我永远无法理解我姐姐，她有17支口红，每天早上都不知道该用哪支好。
【用法】
本句中why引导表语从句。
（1）This/That is/was why ...这/那就是为什么……，why引导表语从句，表示结果。
（2）That/It is/was because ...那/这是因为……，because引导表语从句，表示原因。
（3）The reason why ...is/was that ...……的原因是……，why引导定语从句并在从句中作状语；that引导表语从句，表示原因。
【品悟】 This is why decorating with plants， fruits and flowers carries special significance.
这就是为什么用植物、水果和花装饰具有特殊意义。
【写美】 句式升级
Tom overslept this morning so he was late for work.
→Tom overslept this morning. .（why引导的表语从句）
→Tom was late for work. .（because引导的表语从句）
→ was that he overslept this morning.（why引导的定语从句）
句型公式：ever since引导时间状语从句
【教材原句】 Ever since I was little， I’ve been larger than other girls.
我从小就比其他女孩长得块头大。
【用法】
本句为ever since引导的时间状语从句。从句通常用一般过去时，主句用现在完成时。（ever） since引导的时间状语从句常见的四种用法：
（1）（ever） since＋过去一个时间点（如具体的年、月、日期、钟点）；
（2）（ever） since＋一段时间＋ago；
（3）（ever） since＋从句；
（4）It is＋一段时间＋（ever） since从句。
若since从句中的动词为非延续性动词，表示“自从……多长时间了”；若since从句中的动词为延续性动词，则表示“自从该动作或状态的完成或结束多长时间了”。
【品悟】 He has had a car （ever） since he was 18 years old.他从18岁起就有汽车了。
【写美】 微写作/翻译句子
①光阴似箭！自从我们上次见面已经过去五年了。
How time flies！ we last met.
②从那以后，我没有找到任何时间去滑冰，不是因为我不喜欢滑冰，而是因为我工作太忙了。
， not because I do not like skating， but because I am too busy working.
③It has been more than three years since I worked in this company.
提示：完成课后作业 UNIT 1 Section Ⅰ
12 / 12Section Ⅲ Developing ideas
The Hunchback of Notre-Dame
Published① in 1831， The Hunchback of Notre-Dame tells a tragic② story of events in Paris.Esmeralda’s beauty means that many men fall in love with her.One such man sends the hunchback Quasimodo to kidnap③ Esmeralda.But Quasimodo fails and is captured④ and tortured⑤ in public.Esmeralda hears his call for water， and steps forwards out of mercy⑥.She offers Quasimodo a drink of water， which saves him and also captures his heart.When Esmeralda is later sentenced to death⑦ for a crime she did not commit⑧， Quasimodo rescues her from⑨ an angry crowd outside the Notre-Dame Cathedral.Esmeralda is safe from execution⑩ as long as she stays inside the cathedral...
Esmeralda and Quasimodo were still for several moments， as they considered their predicament in silence， [1]she so graceful ， he so repulsive .Every moment Esmeralda discovered some fresh defect in Quasimodo， as her glance travelled from his knock knees to his hunched back， from his hunched back to his single eye.[2]How anyone could be formed in such a way was beyond her comprehension .[3]Yet there was so much melancholy and so much gentleness spread over all this that she gradually adjusted to it.
[1]此处为独立主格结构：代词＋形容词。
[2]本句为主从复合句。How引导主语从句。
[3]本句中so ...that ...引导结果状语从句。
He was the first to break the silence .“So you were telling me to return？”
She moved her head， and said， “Yes.”
He understood the motion of the head.“But！” he said， as though hesitating whether to finish，“I am — I am deaf.”
“Poor wretch！” exclaimed Esmeralda， with an expression of heartfelt compassion .
He began to smile sadly.
“You suppose that was all that I was missing， do you not？ Yes， I am deaf， that is the way I am made.It is horrible， is it not， next to your exquisite beauty！”
[4]There lay in the accents of the unfortunate man so significant an awareness of his sadness that she had not the strength to utter a syllable.In any case ， he would not have heard her.He continued：
[5]“Never have I viewed my ugliness as at the present moment.When I compare myself to you， I feel an immense pity for myself， poor unfortunate monster that I am！ Be honest， to you I must resemble some savage creature.You， you are a ray of sunshine ， a drop of dew ， a birdsong， whilst I am something terrible， neither human nor beast.[6]I don’t know what I am， as I am coarser ， more downtrodden ， and plainer than a pebble ！”
[4]本句是由There引导的完全倒装句。
[5]Never位于句首，句子用部分倒装结构。
[6]本句为主从复合句。what引导宾语从句；as引导原因状语从句。
Then he began to laugh， and that laugh was the most heartbreaking sound in the world.He continued：
“Yes， I am deaf， but you shall talk to me with your hands as my master talks to me， and then I shall quickly know your wishes from the movement of your lips， from your expression.”
“Well！” she smiled， “Explain to me why you rescued me.”
He watched her intently while she was speaking.
“I understand，” he replied.“You ask me why I rescued you.[7]You have forgotten an unfortunate person who attempted to kidnap you one night， this same person to whom you showed kindness when he was being punished. A drop of water and a little pity — that is more than I can repay with my life.You have forgotten that unfortunate soul， but he remembers it.”
[7]who引导定语从句； to whom ...为“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句；when引导时间状语从句。
【读文清障】
①publish v.出版
②tragic adj.悲惨的；悲剧的
③kidnap v.绑架；劫持
④capture v.捕获；俘虏
⑤torture v.拷打，拷问
⑥out of mercy 出于怜悯
⑦be sentenced to death
被判处死刑
⑧commit v.犯（罪）；做出（错事）
⑨rescue ...from ...
把……从……中拯救出来
⑩execution n.（尤指依法的）处死
still adj.静止的，安静的
predicament n.尴尬的处境
graceful adj.优美的，优雅的
repulsive adj.令人厌恶的
defect n.缺点，缺陷，毛病
knock knees n.膝外翻；X形腿
hunched adj.弓身的，弓背的
hunched back 驼背
single adj.单个的，单一的
comprehension n.理解（力）
beyond one’s comprehension
无法理解
comprehend v.理解
melancholy n.忧郁，无名的伤感
break the silence 打破沉默
motion n.（为传递信息用手或头做的）动作
hesitate v.犹豫不决
hesitation n.犹豫
exclaim v.（因惊讶、愤怒或兴奋而）呼喊，惊叫
compassion n.怜悯；同情
exquisite adj.精美的，精致的
in any case 无论如何
compare ...to 与……比较
immense adj.巨大的
monster n.怪物
savage adj.野蛮的
a ray of sunshine 一束阳光
dew n.露水
a drop of dew 一滴露珠
coarse adj.粗的；粗糙的
downtrodden adj.被践踏的，受压迫的，遭蹂躏的
pebble n.卵石，小圆石，砾石
heartbreaking adj.令人悲伤的
intently adv.专心地；一心一意地
repay v.报答
She listened to him with profound tenderness .A tear swam in the eye of Quasimodo， but did not fall.He seemed to make it a point of honour to keep it at bay .
（Adaptation from The Hunchback of Notre-Dame by Victor Hugo）
profound adj.（感情）强烈的，深切的
tenderness n.柔情
keep sth at bay 阻止，遏制（令人不愉快的事物）
【参考译文】
巴黎圣母院
《巴黎圣母院》于1831年出版，讲述了一个发生在巴黎的悲惨故事。埃斯梅拉达的美貌使无数男人为她倾倒。这些倾慕者中有一个人派驼背卡西莫多去绑架埃斯梅拉达。但卡西莫多失败了，在公共场合被捕并遭受酷刑。埃斯梅拉达听到他对水的呼唤，怜悯之心油然而生。她给卡西莫多递上水，这不仅拯救了他的生命，也俘获了他的心。后来当埃斯梅拉达因莫须有的罪名被判死刑时，卡西莫多从圣母院外喧哗的人群中救下了她。只要她留在教堂内，就可以免于被处决的危险……
埃斯梅拉达和卡西莫多许久没有动，默默地思考着自己的处境，一个是那样优美，一个是那么难看。每一刻，随着埃斯梅拉达的目光从卡西莫多的弯腿移到驼背，再从他的驼背移到独眼上，她都在他身上发现一些新的毛病。她难以理解一个人怎么能长得如此畸形。但他表现出那样的忧郁与那样的温顺，她渐渐地适应了。
他首先打破了沉默：“那么你是叫我回来吗？”
她点点头，答道：“是的。”
他明白点头的意思。“不过，”他说，似乎犹豫着要不要说下去，“我是……我是聋子。”
“可怜的人！”埃斯梅拉达喊道，发自内心地对他表示同情。
他苦笑起来。
“你觉得那就是我的所有缺陷，对不对？是啊，我是聋子，生来如此。真是可怕，不是吗？而你呢，却如此美丽！”
从那不幸的人的语气里可以感受到他对自身的悲哀心知肚明，她没有勇气回答。何况即便回答，他也无法听到。他接着说道：
“我从来没像现在这般明白自己的丑陋。当我把自己同你比较时，我就非常怜悯自己，我是多么可怜而不幸的怪物啊！说实话，你一定把我当成某种野兽了吧。你呀，你就像一束阳光，一滴露珠，像鸟鸣声，而我呢，却是一个可怕的东西，不像人也不像兽。我不知道我是什么，因为我比卵石还要粗硬、受压迫、不显眼！”
然后他笑了起来，那是世界上最痛心的笑声。他接着说道：
“是啊，我是聋子。但你可以用手势对我讲话，就像我的主人跟我说话那样。这样，从你的口型和你的表情，我很快就能明白你的意思。”
“好啊！”她微笑着说道，“告诉我你为什么要救我。”
“我明白了，”他回答道，“你问我为什么要救你。你忘了，有一天晚上，有个坏家伙想绑架你，你却在他被惩罚时对他表示友善。我即使为你赴汤蹈火，也报答不了那滴水和你的怜悯之心。你已经忘记那个不幸的人了，他却还记着你的恩情。”
她带着满心温柔听完他的话。一滴泪珠在卡西莫多的眼眶里滚动，却没有落下来。似乎不让眼泪落下来，他就可以维护自己的尊严。
（改编自维克多·雨果的《巴黎圣母院》）
第一步：析架构理清脉络
Read the passage quickly and then fill in the blanks.
第二步：知细节明察秋毫
Read the passage carefully and choose the best answers.
1.From the introduction of the novel， what kind of person do you think Esmeralda is？（ ）
A.Cruel. B.Evil.
C.Kind. D.Ugly.
2.Why did Quasimodo save Esmeralda？（ ）
A.To kidnap her.
B.To repay her kindness.
C.To enjoy her beauty.
D.To make her moved.
3.How did Quasimodo know what Esmeralda said？（ ）
A.By her lips and expression.
B.By her way to move.
C.By her daily activities.
D.By her eyes and movements.
4.What can we learn about Quasimodo from the text？（ ）
A.Although ugly， he is kind to some degree.
B.He is ugly and eager to get sympathy from others.
C.He is not only ugly but cruel to others.
D.He is neither human nor beast.
第三步：拓思维品质提升
Discuss the following question with your partner.
Why did Quasimodo rescue Esmeralda？
第四步：析难句表达升级
1.Every moment Esmeralda discovered some fresh defect in Quasimodo， as her glance travelled from his knock knees to his hunched back，from his hunched back to his single eye.
句式分析 本句为主从复合句。as引导 从句。
自主翻译
2.Never have I viewed my ugliness as at the present moment.
句式分析 本句为 句。表示否定意义的词置于句首，句子用部分倒装。
自主翻译
3.I don’t know what I am， as I am coarser， more downtrodden， and plainer than a pebble！
句式分析 本句为主从复合句。what引导 从句；as引导 从句。
自主翻译
Part Ⅰ 核心词汇集释
out of mercy 出于怜悯
【教材原句】 Esmeralda hears his call for water， and steps forwards out of mercy.
埃斯梅拉达听到他对水的呼唤，怜悯之心油然而生。
【用法】
（1）mercy n. 仁慈；宽恕；怜悯
show mercy to sb/have mercy on sb 怜悯某人
without mercy 无情地，毫不留情地
at the mercy of 任……处置，任由……摆布
（2）merciful adj. 仁慈的，慈悲的
be merciful to 对……慈悲
【佳句】 He didn’t want anybody to help him out of mercy.他不想任何人出于怜悯来帮助他。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①She is such a kind woman that she is even （mercy） to the beggars.
②We are supposed to show mercy the disabled.
【写美】 补全句子
③Without a sure supply of water，farming in that area remains .
没有可靠的水源供应，该地区的农业生产受天气控制。
be sentenced to death 被判处死刑
【教材原句】 When Esmeralda is later sentenced to death for a crime she did not commit， Quasimodo rescues her from an angry crowd outside the Notre-Dame Cathedral.
后来当埃斯梅拉达因莫须有的罪名被判死刑时，卡西莫多从圣母院外喧哗的人群中救下了她。
【用法】
（1）sentence sb to death 判某人死刑
（2）announce sentence on sb 宣布对某人的判决
serve one’s sentence 服刑
【佳句】 When he was found guilty of the serious crime， he was sentenced to death.
当他被发现犯有严重罪行时，他被判处死刑。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①Anyone charged with killing rare animals will be sentenced death in five days.
【写美】 补全句子
②The judge will the criminal tomorrow.
法官明天将对那个罪犯宣布判决。
attempt to do sth 试图做某事
【教材原句】 You have forgotten an unfortunate person who attempted to kidnap you one night ...
你忘了，有一天晚上，有个坏家伙想绑架你……
【用法】
（1）attempt v. 尝试；企图
n. 努力；尝试；企图
attempt sth 尝试某事
make an attempt to do sth/at doing sth 努力做某事；试图做某事
in an attempt to do sth 试图做某事
（2）attempted adj. （犯罪等）未遂的
【佳句】 What the survivors attempted to do was to build a memorial to the heroes who saved their lives.
幸存者们试图去做的是为挽救他们生命的英雄们建一座纪念碑。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①He attempted （compete） for the chairman of the Students’ Union.
②She accidentally knocked over the box an attempt to get closer.
【写美】 一句多译
③这个年轻演员试图给观众留下深刻印象，但是没能成功。
→The young actor the audience but failed.（attempt v.）
→The young actor the audience but failed.（attempt n.）
Part Ⅱ 重点句型解构
句型公式：过去分词短语作状语
【教材原句】 Published in 1831，The Hunchback of Notre-Dame tells a tragic story of events in Paris.《巴黎圣母院》于1831年出版，讲述了一个发生在巴黎的悲惨故事。
【用法】
（1）过去分词短语作状语表示时间、地点、原因、条件、让步、伴随等，可以转化为相应的状语从句。
（2）过去分词短语作状语，其逻辑主语为句子的主语，并且与其存在逻辑上的动宾关系。
【品悟】 Faced with difficulties， they never give up but try their best to find a way out.
当面临困难时，他们从不放弃，而是尽最大努力寻找出路。
【写美】 微写作
①听到楼下的吵闹声，她走出家门，后面跟着她的小女儿。（动作描写）
Hearing the noise downstairs， she walked out of the house， .
②受到叔叔的鼓励，他答应在国外努力学习，不辜负家人的期望。（告知信）
， he promised to study hard abroad and live up to his family’s expectations.
句型公式：表示否定意义的词置于句首引起的部分倒装
【教材原句】 Never have I viewed my ugliness as at the present moment.
我从来没像现在这般明白自己的丑陋。
【用法】
（1）never， seldom， rarely， little， hardly， no sooner等表示否定意义的副词（词组）位于句首时，句子用部分倒装。
（2）“only＋状语”位于句首时，句子用部分倒装。
（3）在so/such ...that结构中，so或such放在句首时，so或such后面部分用部分倒装。
（4）“so/neither （nor）＋助动词＋主语”表示前者提出的肯定/否定情况也适用于后者。
（5）not only ...but also句型中，当not only位于句首时，句子用部分倒装，but also引导的句子不倒装。
（6）当if引导的虚拟条件句中含有had， were， should时，可将if省略，并把had， were或should移到主语之前。
【品悟】 Rarely did he raise his voice to anyone， and never did he argue with his wife.他很少对别人大声讲话，也从没和他的妻子吵过架。
【写美】 微写作
①只有我们言行一致，才能对所做的事情有作用。（主旨升华句）
Only when we match our words with actions in whatever we hope to accomplish.
②练中国功夫（kungfu）不仅能增强体质，还能培养一个人的品质。（邀请信）
Not only develop one’s character.
③有些人把满足自己的需求看得过于重要，把志愿者所做的一切视为理所当然。（投稿）
So much significance that they take everything volunteers have done for granted.
提示：完成课后作业 UNIT 1 Section Ⅲ
8 / 8UNIT 1 Face values
单元话题
导入
本单元涉及的主题语境内容是外表与内心的关系。单元语篇类型丰富，从多个角度阐述了和外表与内心相关的话题，旨在引发学生对外表与内心关系的思考，对外表的重要性形成正确的认识，包括如何看待美与丑，如何理解外表美和心灵美，如何面对周围人的目光和评价，如何保持清醒的头脑接受独一无二的自己，帮助学生树立正确的审美观和人生态度。
看图感悟语境，选词填空。appearance， loyalty， inner， challenge， selfless
1.Don’t judge someone by their ， but look beyond it to find their beauty.
2.Different colours of masks give special meaning to Peking Opera characters.A red mask represents a hero with positive characteristics such as honesty and .A yellow mask represents a fierce character.A blue mask represents a character who is upright and brave in the face of .A black mask represents a bold but rough character， who is serious， fair and .
1 / 1Section Ⅱ Using language
主语从句
①Dad thinks I am a narcissist， but what I say is that my pictures aren’t hurting anyone， so who cares？
②It’s true that inner beauty is very important， but external beauty shouldn’t be completely overlooked.
③I mean， isn’t it better that I’m large and happy， instead of skinny and unhealthy？
④What I really admire is the way she has acknowledged that good health not only makes us more beautiful， but happier， too！
【我的发现】
1.句①和句④中黑体部分是由 引导的主语从句，连接代词在从句中作 。
2.句②和句③中， 作形式主语，主语从句后置。
一、主语从句概述
在复合句中用作主语的从句叫作主语从句。主语从句可直接放在句首，也可用it作形式主语，而将主语从句后置。
二、主语从句的引导词
1.连词that， whether等。
2.连接代词who， whose， which， what， whoever， whichever， whatever等。
3.连接副词 when， where， why， how， whenever， wherever等。
三、主语从句的用法
1.that引导的主语从句
（1）that引导主语从句时只起连接作用，在从句中不作任何成分，没有实际意义。但是，that不能省略。
That the earth travels around the sun is known to all.
地球围绕太阳转是众所周知的。
（2）that引导的主语从句作主语时，为避免头重脚轻，使句子平衡，常用it作形式主语，而将that引导的主语从句后置，that不能省略。常见的此类句型有：
①It＋be＋形容词（obvious， natural， surprising， wonderful， possible， likely， important， necessary， etc.）＋that从句。
It is wonderful that all of you have passed the difficult exam！
你们都通过了这次很难的考试，好极了！
It’s important that you （should） ask your parents for advice about your choice.
就你的选择征求一下父母的意见是很重要的。
②It＋be＋名词短语（no wonder， a pity， a shame， an honor， etc.）＋that从句。
It is a pity that you have missed the wonderful lecture.
你错过了这次精彩的演讲，真遗憾。
③It＋不及物动词（短语）（seem， appear， happen， matter， prove， turn out， occur to， etc.）＋that从句
It seems that the less you sleep， the more work you’ll do.
看来你睡得越少，你要做的工作就越多。
④It＋be＋过去分词（said， believed， reported， thought， expected， decided， ordered， suggested， etc.）＋that从句。
It is suggested that the lab building （should） be built next year.
有人建议明年建实验楼。
名师点津
当过去分词是表示建议、要求、命令等的词语时，从句要用虚拟语气，即从句的谓语用“should＋动词原形”，should可以省略。
2.whether/if引导的主语从句
whether/if不充当句子成分，但是含有“是否”的意思。若主语从句位于句首或与or not 连用时，则必须用连接词whether，而不用 if。
Whether she will come or not is still a question.
她是否来还是一个问题。
Whether she’s coming or not doesn’t matter too much.
她来不来没有多大关系。
名师点津
在以下几种情形中应使用whether而不用if：
①引导主语从句且位于句首时；
②引导的宾语从句用在介词后时；
③引导表语从句时；
④引导同位语从句时；
⑤与or not连用时。
【即时演练1】 用适当的连接词填空
①It is hoped you can learn a lesson from this accident.
②It has not been decided yet we will attend the lecture tomorrow.
③It is said a large number of paper-cutting works by experts throughout China will be on show.
④ life on other planets does exist is yet to be proved， but the signs are promising.
⑤It remains to be seen weather-tracking system can prevent many disasters.
3.连接代词引导的主语从句
连接代词what， who， whom， whose， which， whatever， whoever， whichever等在从句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语，并且不可以省略。
What caused the accident is still under investigation.
是什么导致了这次事故还在调查中。
Which team will win the match is still unknown.
哪个队会赢得这场比赛还不知道。
Whoever leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights.
最后走的人应当关灯。
4.连接副词引导的主语从句
连接副词when， where， why， how， whenever， wherever等在从句中作状语。
How a telephone works is a question which not everyone can answer.
电话是怎样工作的并不是每个人都能回答的问题。
When we will have a meeting is an important question.
我们何时举行会议是一个重要的问题。
【即时演练2】 用适当的连接词填空/补全句子
①For students， benefits most to their study is reading English books.
② plan is better should be discussed at the meeting.
③ the boy quitted school is what his teacher wants to know.
④It doesn’t matter .No one cares.
你怎么穿并不重要。没人会在意。
⑤ has not yet been announced.
英语晚会将在哪里举行还没有宣布。
⑥ should remember to wear sports shoes.
想去爬山的人应该记得穿运动鞋。
四、主语从句中应注意的问题
1.主语从句要用陈述语序
How he succeeded is made into a film.
他是如何成功地被拍成了一部电影。
2.主谓一致
（1）从句作主语时，主句的谓语一般用单数形式。
Where he will get a job after graduation has puzzled him much.
毕业后到哪儿找工作使他很困惑。
（2）如果由and连接两个或两个以上的主语从句作主语时，谓语动词用复数；由两个或多个连接词引导一个主语从句时，谓语动词用单数。
When they will start and where they will go have not been decided yet.
他们将在什么时候动身以及要去哪里还没定下来。
When and where they will hold the meeting is not clear.
他们何时何地召开会议还不清楚。
名师点津
what引导主语从句时，有时主句谓语动词应与主句中作表语的名词保持一致。
What the school needs most are books.
这所学校最需要的是书。
【即时演练3】 单句语法填空
①Why John was late for the class （have） not been found out.
②What makes the shop different （be） that it offers more personal services.
③What you need （be） file folders for your stuff.
assumption n.假定，假设
【教材原句】 How others are feeling is not something that we should make assumptions about， because it’s not always obvious who is truly happy.
别人的感受不是我们应该假设的事情，因为谁真正快乐并不总是很明显。
【用法】
（1）make assumptions about 假定……
on the assumption that ...
以……的设想为根据
（2）assume v. 假设；认为
assume ...as/to be 假定/以为……是……
It is assumed that ... 据认为……
（3）assuming conj. 假如，假设
assuming that ... 假设……，假定……
【佳句】 The interviewers tend to make assumptions about you when they see you so you should behave well and make a good impression on them.
面试官看到你的时候往往会对你做出假设，所以你应该好好表现，给他们留下一个好印象。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①We are working the assumption that everyone invited to the evening party will turn up.
②It is generally （assume） that stress is caused by too much work.
③On the basis of the evidence we assume he was guilty.
【写美】 补全句子
④ of the Students’ Union， I will organize more colourful after-class activities to enrich our school lives.
假如我被选为学生会主席，我将组织更多丰富多彩的课外活动来丰富我们的学校生活。
提示：完成课后作业 UNIT 1 Section Ⅱ
5 / 5单元素养提升
◇本单元语法学了什么内容？ ◇自我评价
◇本单元写作练了哪个方面？
回顾单元知识·提高语言能力
一、核心单词
1. adj.自我批评的，自我批判的
2. v.促进，推动
3. v.假装，装作
4. n.寝室
5. v.忽视，忽略
6. v.（使）苦恼
7. n.药丸，药片
8. n.帮助；福利
9. n.口音
10. adj.巨大的
11. v.像；与……类似，与……相似
12. v.报答
Ⅰ.选用上面单词并用其适当形式填空
1.Although he had made some obvious mistakes， his boss still them as he had always been a hard-working employee.
2.He was unwilling to take part in the party， so he to have forgotten the date.
3.The government is committed to improving the of the people， which is crucial to the stability and development of the society.
4.In order to lose weight， the young lady prefers to work out regularly rather than take expensive weight-loss .
5.It us that they haven’t been telling us the truth.
二、拓展单词
1. v.承认（某事属实或某情况存在）→acknowledgement n.（对事实、现实、存在的）承认；感谢
2. adj.完全相同的；非常相似的→identically adv.完全相同地
3. n.积蓄→save v.储蓄；攒钱
4. n.心理，心理过程→psychological adj.心理的→psychologically adv.心理上地；心理学地→psychologist n.心理学家
5. n.研究的结果；发现→find v.发现，找到
6. n.小说家→novel n.小说
7. n.理解（力）→comprehend v.理解
8. n.（尤指隐藏的）动机，原因，目的→motivate v.成为……的动机，是……的原因
Ⅱ.用所给单词的适当形式填空
1.She has difficulty in （comprehend） when it comes to complex scientific theories.
2.Jin Yong， one of the most influential Chinese （novel）， passed away on 30 October 2018， setting off a great wave of reviewing of his classics.
3.According to the （psychology）， if you exhibit positive qualities such as honesty and helpfulness， the chances are that you will be regarded as a good-looking person.
4.We sent her a copy of this book in （acknowledge） of her part in the creation.
5.After months of research， they finally had a significant （find） that the new drug could potentially cure the rare disease.
三、重点短语
1. 倾向于
2. 对……的渴望
3. 减肥
4. 对……感到惊讶
5. 偶然发现，偶然遇见
6. 缺少，缺乏
7. 保持健康
8. 给……留下印象
9. 自信地
10. 把……转变成……
11. 把……看作……
12. 实际上，事实上
13. 无声地，默默地
14. 适应
15. 企图做……，尝试做……
Ⅲ.选用上面短语并用其适当形式填空
1.The old factory has been successfully a modern park， which has brought new life to the area.
2.The healthy lifestyle he had long been used to was ruined due to certain nutrients in his diet.
3.We think that we will the new environment as soon as possible.
4.If the economy is doing well， the prices of stocks will rise in what is referred to as a “bull market”.
5.When I am faced with any illegal behaviour， my conscience will not allow me to sit there .
6.He has success， which drives him to work hard every day.
四、经典句式
1.That’s why ...那就是为什么……
（那就是为什么……） I could never understand my sister， who has 17 lipsticks and can’t decide which one to use every morning.
2.It is＋形容词＋that从句
（内在美固然重要）， but external beauty shouldn’t be completely overlooked.
3.ever since引导时间状语从句
（从我小时候起）， I’ve been larger than other girls.
4.过去分词（短语）作状语
（出版于1831年）， The Hunchback of Notre-Dame tells a tragic story of events in Paris.
5.表示否定意义的词置于句首引起的部分倒装
（我从来没有觉得） my ugliness as at the present moment.
Ⅳ.句式仿写
1.I read about your reform of the school English newspaper， and .
我获悉了你对英语校报的改革方案，那就是为什么我写信发表我自己的观点。
2. somebody came to visit him just now.
很明显刚刚有人来拜访过他。
3. at that party， we have been in touch with each other.
自从我们在那个聚会上相遇，我们就一直保持着联系。
4. ， Harvard University is one of the most famous universities in the United States.
哈佛大学成立于1636年，是美国最著名的大学之一。
5. since they knew each other.
自从他们认识彼此以来，他们没争吵过一次。
整合话题元素·增强思维品质
一、人物性格
1.care v. 在乎，在意
2.desire n.& v. 渴望
3.review v. 评论
4.frightful adj. 可怕的
5.monstrous adj. 丑陋的；骇人的
6.just adj. 公正的，正直的
7.righteous adj. 正派的，正直的
8.independent adj. 独立的
9.determined adj. 坚定的，有决心的
10.generous adj. 慷慨的，大方的
11.timid adj. 胆小的，胆怯的
12.coward n. 胆小鬼，懦夫
13.courageous adj. 有胆量的，勇敢的
14.bookish adj. 好读书的，书呆子气的
15.loyal adj. 忠贞的，忠实的，忠诚的
16.tough adj. 强硬的
17.brave adj. 勇敢的
18.melancholy n. 忧郁，无名的伤感
19.gentle adj. 温和的，温顺的
20.savage adj. 野蛮的
二、人物心理
1.eagerly adv. 急切地
2.comment n. 评论
3.boost one’s confidence 增加某人的信心
4.hurt v. 伤害
5.pretend v. 假装，假作
6.bother v. （使）苦恼
7.capture v. 捕捉，捕获
8.consider v. 思考，考虑
9.in silence 默默地
10.hesitate v. 犹豫
11.immense adj. 巨大的
12.attempt to do sth 试图做某事
三、人物情绪
1.be surprised at 对……惊讶
2.confused adj. 感到困惑的
3.stare at 凝视，盯着看
4.out of mercy 出于怜悯
5.angry adj. 生气的，发怒的
6.exclaim v. （因惊讶、愤怒或兴奋而）呼喊，惊叫
7.expression n. 表情；神色
8.heartfelt adj. 衷心的，诚挚的
9.compassion n. 怜悯；同情
10.smile v. 笑
11.sadly adv. 悲哀地
12.utter v. （尤指吃力地）发出（声音）
13.feel pity for 对……感到怜悯
14.heartbreaking adj. 令人悲伤的
15.intently adv. 专心地；一心一意地
16.profound adj. （感情）强烈的，深切的
17.tenderness n. 柔情
18.pleasure n. 快乐，高兴
19.desperate adj. 绝望的
20.be fearful of 害怕
4 / 5学习讲义部分
UNIT 1 Face values
单元话题导入
1.appearance； inner 2.loyalty； challenges； selfless
Section Ⅰ Starting out & Understanding ideas
【文本透析·剖语篇】
第一步
1.plain-looking 2.addicted 3.confidence 4.misjudge
5.care about 6.worthless 7.overlooked 8.bothered
9.beauty 10.being healthy
第二步
1－4 DCBC
第三步
1.Both of them are important， but inner beauty is more important.As we all know， external beauty will fade with time passing by， but inner beauty lasts long.
2.Being healthy， energetic， happy， and positive.
第四步
1.（1）I’m a girl who’d love to look good.Well，who wouldn’t？
（2）It felt bizarre at first.I didn’t like being reviewed from head to toe.
（3）I realised that my health， mental and physical，is the most important thing.
2.（1）People who pretend to be someone they are not tend to misjudge themselves.
（2）Although she’s larger than most other models， she’s really attractive and has the confidence to be herself — even in an industry full of beauty stereotypes.
第五步
1.that 主语 表语
爸爸觉得我太自恋，但我的解释是，我的照片没伤害其他人，有谁在乎呢？
2.定语 定语 that
那些把自己包装成别人的人，只会对自己产生错误的判断。
3.表语 非限制性定语
那就是我永远无法理解我姐姐的原因，她有17支口红，每天早上都不知道该用哪支好。
4.主语 宾语 定语 宾语
我真正钦佩她的一点是，她认可健康的身体不仅使我们更美丽，而且更快乐！
【核心知识·巧突破】
核心词汇集释
1.①to be ②to learn ③Many farmers desire that the present policy （should） not be changed. It is many farmers’ desire that the present policy （should） not be changed.
2.①to be ②to be doing ③to have grasped ④not to have known
3.①往往会 ②照顾，照料 ③tends to get things done creatively； has a tendency to get things done creatively
4.①in ②identically ③are identical to/with
5.①with ②impressive ③were impressed at/with/by； made/left/had a deep impression on
6.①to recover ②to protect ③spares no effort to raise
7.①花费时间精力（做某事） ②打扰，烦扰 ③asking
④to correct ⑤put you to any bother； bother you
8.①being defeated/having been defeated ②was widely acknowledged as/to be； It is widely acknowledged that
重点句型解构
1.That was why he was late for work； That was because he overslept this morning； The reason why Tom was late for work
2.①It is five years since ②Ever since then I haven’t found any time to go skating ③自从我离开这家公司已经三年多了。
Section Ⅱ Using language
【重难语法·要攻克】
我的发现
1.连接代词 宾语 2.it
即时演练1
①that ②whether/if ③that ④Whether ⑤whether/if
即时演练2
①what ②Which ③Why ④how you’re dressed
⑤Where the English evening party will be held
⑥Whoever wants to go climbing
即时演练3
①has ②is ③are
【知识要点·须拾遗】
①on ②assumed ③that
④Assuming （that） I am chosen to be chairman
Section Ⅲ Developing ideas
【文本透析·剖语篇】
第一步
1.captured 2.mercy 3.death 4.sadness 5.rescued
第二步
1－4 CBAA
第三步
Only Esmeralda would take pity on him and bring water to Quasimodo’s lips who cried out for thirst.Esmeralda made him feel the warmth of the human heart for the first time.From then on， he put all his life and passion for Esmeralda.He would go through fire and water for her and sacrifice everything for her happiness.
第四步
1.时间状语
每一刻，随着埃斯梅拉达的目光从卡西莫多的弯腿移到驼背，再从他的驼背移到独眼上，她都在他身上发现一些新的毛病。
2.倒装
我从来没像现在这般明白自己的丑陋。
3.宾语 原因状语
我不知道我是什么，因为我比卵石还要粗硬、受压迫、不显眼！
【核心知识·巧突破】
核心词汇集释
1.①merciful ②to ③at the mercy of the weather
2.①to ②announce sentence on
3.①to compete ②in ③attempted to impress； made an attempt to impress/at impressing
重点句型解构
1.①followed by her little daughter ②Encouraged by his uncle
2.①can we make a difference ②can practicing Chinese kungfu build up one’s strength but also ③do some people attach to satisfying their own needs
Section Ⅳ Writing about a literary work
【演练佳作·写美文】
写作步骤
二、1.The novel The Million Pound Bank Note was written by Mark Twain.
2.He is a great American writer.
3.Through his humorous and sarcastic language， Mark Twain successfully depicted an unbelievable adventure of Henry Adams， a penniless American in London.
4.Two rich brothers in London have a bet on Henry and want to see what will become of him a month later if they give him a million pound bank note which can’t be cashed for even a penny.
5.A month later， Henry is neither starved nor arrested.
6.Henry becomes a millionaire dramatically.
7.He even wins the love of a pretty lady.
8.One obvious theme of the novel is the criticism of the money worship.
9.In the story， it also reveals the ridiculous British society at that time.
三、1.The novel The Million Pound Bank Note was written by Mark Twain， a great American writer.
2.A month later， Henry is neither starved nor arrested， but becomes a millionaire dramatically.
四、
The novel The Million Pound Bank Note was written by Mark Twain， a great American writer.Through his humorous and sarcastic language， Mark Twain successfully depicted an unbelievable adventure of Henry Adams， a penniless American in London.
Two rich brothers in London have a bet on Henry and want to see what will become of him a month later if they give him a million pound bank note which can’t be cashed for even a penny.A month later， Henry is neither starved nor arrested， but becomes a millionaire dramatically.What’s more， he even wins the love of a pretty lady.
One obvious theme of the novel is the criticism of the money worship.In the story， it also reveals the ridiculous British society at that time.
【教材词汇·练续写】
The little girl was playing intently when a dog ran over.She cried out with fright at the sight of the dog.The dog was as frightful to the timid girl as a monster.Sensing the profound fright from her expressions，he tried to comfort the little girl.He hugged the girl，drove away the dog and wiped her tears with tenderness.In fact，he was just pretending not to fear.When the mother of the girl knew about what he had done，she exclaimed，“Thank you so much！” She offered to repay him，but he refused.
单元素养提升
回顾单元知识
一、1.self-critical 2.boost 3.pretend 4.dormitory
5.overlook 6.bother 7.pill 8.welfare 9.accent
10.immense 11.resemble 12.repay
Ⅰ.1.overlooked 2.pretended 3.welfare 4.pills 5.bothers
二、1.acknowledge 2.identical 3.saving 4.psychology 5.finding 6.novelist 7.comprehension 8.motive
Ⅱ.1.comprehension 2.novelists 3.psychologist
4.acknowledgement 5.finding
三、1.tend to 2.a desire for 3.lose weight 4.be surprised at 5.come across 6.a lack of 7.keep fit 8.leave an impression on 9.with confidence 10.transform ...into
11.regard ...as 12.in reality 13.in silence 14.adjust to 15.attempt to do
Ⅲ.1.transformed into 2.a lack of 3.adjust to 4.tend to
5.in silence 6.a desire for
四、1.That’s why
2.It’s true that inner beauty is very important
3.Ever since I was little
4.Published in 1831
5.Never have I viewed
Ⅳ.1.that’s why I’m writing to voice my opinion
2.It is clear that
3.Ever since we met
4.Founded in 1636
5.Not once have they quarrelled
UNIT 2 A life’s work
单元话题导入
1.at the cost of 2.pursuit 3.overcame； be used for
4.representative； devoted
Section Ⅰ Starting out & Understanding ideas
【文本透析·剖语篇】
第一步
1.photographers 2.fashion 3.uncomplicated 4.benefits
5.photo
第二步
1－4 CACD
第三步
1.In my opinion， he would like to live a simple life and didn’t value money and devoted all his life to his beloved career — photography.
2.As far as I’m concerned， I would like to write about his devotion to photography， because we can learn from his dedication and build ourselves into useful individuals for our country and our society.
第四步
（1）A white-haired old man riding an ordinary bicycle around the streets of New York，always wearing the same blue worker’s jacket and simple black running shoes.
（2）Cunningham would go out onto the streets of New York each and every day， regardless of the weather.
第五步
1.让步状语 定语
虽然他总是知道时尚聚会和大型活动举办的地点，但无论是对于在贫穷的布朗克斯拍摄普通人，还是在富裕的曼哈顿拍摄贵宾，他都同样喜欢。
2.主语 定语
此外，坎宁安的伟大之处还在于他对摄影的奉献精神，以及他在工作中投入的大量时间和精力。
3.表语
他经常到一家简单的餐馆吃同样的食物，有香肠、鸡蛋和咖啡。
4.让步状语 定语
他珍视自己的正直，不为任何人所动摇，无论提供给他多少免费衣物或远程航班。
【核心知识·巧突破】
核心词汇集释
1.①from； to ②beyond ③and ④a wide range of
2.①fascinating ②fascinated ③to collect
3.①of ②fashionable ③in fashion； fashionable
4.①to ②devotion ③writing ④devoted ⑤devotion to； is devoted to； devotes herself to
5.①up ②aside ③off ④into
6.①n.方法 ②v.靠近 ③v.处理，对付 ④solving ⑤With the approach of the exam； With the exam approaching
7.①for ②about ③talked about science passionately； talked about science with passion
重点句型解构
①It is at this moment that ②It was the humorous Mr Wang who/that ③Was it because Jack came late for school that ④How was it that
Section Ⅱ Using language
【重难语法·要攻克】
我的发现
1.代词 2.副词
即时演练
①because ②how ③whether ④when ⑤what
⑥that ⑦why they put erasers on pencils ⑧It sounds as if ⑨seems as if/though ⑩whether we can finish our work
【知识要点·须拾遗】
1.①trials ②by ③on trial
2.①有助于 ②投稿 ③contributions ④Learning about the history of the Tang Dynasty in advance contributes to your understanding of this essay.
Section Ⅲ Developing ideas
【文本透析·剖语篇】
第一步
1.masters 2.maximum 3.endless 4.skills 5.modest
第二步
1－4 BDBA
第三步
1.The work of repairing clocks is full of difficulties.Sometimes even the difficulties can not be solved， but we must dare to face them and move forward bravely.
2.We need to carry on the fine traditions of our teachers.Training a new generation of craftsmen will not only help preserve the traditional skills， but their innovations will also ensure that their work will stand the test of time.
第四步
1.过去完成时 宾语 定语
要不是那三集纪录片，外面的人永远也不会知道，在这里工作的那些衣着朴素的人竟然都是精于各门技艺的大师，他们毕生都在修复珍贵的古董。
2.完全倒装
这其中便包括钟表修复大师王津。
3.状语 让步状语
王津穿过七重深红色的大门，走向自己的工作地点。尽管现在他经常被想和他合影的粉丝拦住，他仍然认为自己是故宫博物院的一名普通工人。
4.形式主语 that引导的主语从句 时间状语 表
人们突然明白，当钟表大师们说“这些古董有生命”时，这既不是夸张，也不是比喻。
【核心知识·巧突破】
核心词汇集释
1.①original ②in ③originated from ancient times
2.①over ②in ③took place
3.①with ②are often associated with homesickness； are often in association with homesickness
4.①off ②alone ③leave out/aside the others’ feelings
5.①to ②of ③has cast light on
重点句型解构
1.①were a dustman； would make our city cleaner ②had referred to those failed experiences； would not have made ③rained； should rain； were to rain
2.①stands a magnificent building ②lies a park
Section Ⅳ Writing an expository essay
【演练佳作·写美文】
写作步骤
二、1.The vivid clay figures， which were made by “Clay Figure Zhang”， were very popular with people.
2.Mr Zhang， born into a poor family， made clay figures as a means of earning a living.
3.Mr Zhang was often in the markets and theatres， observing people from all walks of life.
4.He was so intelligent and often thought outside the box， which made his clay figures more vivid.
5.He spent most of his time in the workshop.
6.Through his hard work of several decades， Mr Zhang created more than ten thousand works.
7.Clay Figure Zhang’s spirit of craftsmanship will stay everlasting.
三、Mr Zhang was often in the markets and theatres， observing people from all walks of life.In addition， he was so intelligent and often thought outside the box， which made his clay figures more vivid.
四、
The vivid clay figures， which were made by “Clay Figure Zhang”， were very popular with people.
Mr Zhang， born into a poor family， made clay figures as a means of earning a living.Mr Zhang was often in the markets and theatres， observing people from all walks of life.In addition， he was so intelligent and often thought outside the box， which made his clay figures more vivid.He spent most of his time in the workshop.Through his hard work of several decades， Mr Zhang created more than ten thousand works.
Clay Figure Zhang’s spirit of craftsmanship will stay everlasting.
【教材词汇·练续写】
Looking at the breakfast，the mother was dominated with profound happiness.She imagined what painstaking efforts her two children had made，knowing it’s an ambitious task for them.Nothing was more precious than their affection and love for her.The twins were eagerly staring at her， hoping to hear her acclaim.She sat at the table，took a bite of the bread and shook her head，pretending she didn’t like the food.After seeing the expressions of her children，she suddenly acclaimed，“Excellent！I’m the happiest mother in the world.” Choosing a beautiful pose， they took a photograph and posted it on the blog.
单元素养提升
回顾单元知识
一、1.pose 2.grocery 3.celebrity 4.trial 5.hydrogen 6.precious 7.antique 8.polish 9.bark 10.essay 11.comprise
Ⅰ.1.comprised 2.essay 3.precious 4.posed 5.trial 6.antique
二、1.fashion 2.fascination 3.uncomplicated
4.restoration 5.maximum 6.preserve 7.modest
8.dominate 9.architecture 10.ambitious 11.associate
12.analysis
Ⅱ.1.association 2.preservation 3.ambitious 4.analysis
5.fascinating 6.fashionable 7.dominant
三、1.belong to 2.devotion to 3.take off 4.rather than 5.lack of 6.focus on 7.pass away 8.day in， day out 9.originate from 10.range from ...to 11.bring ...back to life 12.neither ...nor 13.pass on ...to 14.take on
15.take up
Ⅲ.1.devotion to 2.took off 3.bringing； back to life
4.pass on； to 5.originate from 6.take on
四、1.If it hadn’t been for a three-episode documentary， outsiders would never have known
2.Among these is the clock restoration master
3.it is neither an exaggeration nor a metaphor
Ⅳ.1.had been recorded； would undoubtedly have made
2.was his friend Jim
3.Neither the students nor the teacher knows
UNIT 3 War and peace
单元话题导入
1.Despite； are involved in 2.invade； regardless of
3.sacrificed； condemn
Section Ⅰ Starting out & Understanding ideas
【文本透析·剖语篇】
第一步
1.background 2.order 3.stage 4.outcome 5.brave
第二步
1－5 CBADB
第三步
1.It mainly describes the violence of the D-Day landings and the brave acts the Allied troops performed in the fighting.
2.I admire the Allied soldiers’ outstanding acts of courage and as students， we should love peace and keep peace.
第四步
（1）The enemy were hiding， ready to attack the Allied soldiers even before they reached land.
（2）As part of this solemn and moving occasion， a former soldier read out to the crowd these lines from the poem For the Fallen， by Laurence Binyon： ...
第五步
1.定语
这标志着一场计划了数月，甚至可能是数年的绝密行动终于进入了最后阶段。
2.宾语 主语 伴随状语
盟军士兵耳中回荡着这些话语，做好了登陆诺曼底的准备。
3.并列 省略 定语 those
船被击翻，一些人落水而亡，而那些成功登陆的人面对的则是机关枪的猛烈扫射。
4.定语 Germany
之后盟军准备进攻德国，而苏联军队也正从德国东部攻入，两军相遇。
5.定语 定语
70年后，曾在诺曼底登陆中奋战的将士聚集在英吉利海峡两岸，人们共同参加纪念仪式。
【核心知识·巧突破】
核心词汇集释
1.①under the king’s direct command ②have a good command of ③The leader commanded that all the members （should） be committed to the rescue work.
2.①like ②nothing but ③She was nothing more than an ordinary people.
3.①to talk ②in ③have made preparations for； have prepared for； have been prepared for
4.①solving ②to ③objected to pretending； had a strong objection to pretending
5.①memorize ②for ③which was really a memorable experience for me
重点句型解构
①each equipped with the newest computers
②tears of happiness and gratitude welling up in his eyes
③There being no buses
Section Ⅱ Using language
【重难语法·要攻克】
我的发现
1.单 复 2.复
即时演练1
①owns ②are ③is ④were seeking ⑤is
即时演练2
①are listening not speaking ②are against it ③is a long time in one’s life ④was left on the bus
【知识要点·须拾遗】
1.①removal ②to ③has completely removed my doubts
2.①basic ②is based on； is on the basis of
Section Ⅲ Developing ideas
【文本透析·剖语篇】
第一步
1.What is real war 2.Lianda 3.conditions 4.contributions 5.glory
第二步
1－4 ACCB
第三步
1.It mainly tells us a product of the war， Lianda， which made great contributions to the resistance against Japanese aggression.
2.We should learn the strong spirit of perseverance and dedication from Lianda， protect our motherland and love peace.
第四步
1.让步状语 强调句
然而，尽管面临着巨大的困难和艰巨的挑战，在这个地方，经过八年漫长的岁月，国家的知识遗产不仅得到了保护，还得到了强化，这些都归功于联大杰出学者们的热情和信念。
2.主语 形式主语
难怪即使不是大多数，但也有许多中国领先的学者和科学家都是联大出身，包括两位诺贝尔奖得主，物理学家杨振宁和李政道。
【核心知识·巧突破】
核心词汇集释
1.①参考 ②提及 ③指的是 ④reference ⑤refer to me as
2.①off ②out ③lay aside our prejudices
3.①hold on ②hold out ③Having been held up by the traffic； couldn’t hold back his anger
4.①for ②with ③fight back tears
5.For lack of cooking experience； they lacked cooking experience
6.①broke down ②break in ③break out ④break away from farming
重点句型解构
1.①not only learn the importance of teamwork but also
②likes the film ③Not only do oceans provide abundant resources and food for us
2.①it is no wonder that ②It has been calculated that
③it is important that you make the most of our school resources
Section Ⅳ Writing about a war hero
【演练佳作·写美文】
写作步骤
二、1.Zhao Yiman was born in Yibin County， Sichuan Province in 1905.
2.She became a member of the Communist Party of China in 1926.
3.After the September 18th Incident， she went to north-east China to join the anti-Japanese troops，fighting guerrilla wars against the Japanese invaders.
4.In 1935， a large number of Japanese troops surrounded her men.
5.Zhao Yiman offered to cover the main troop to break through the encirclement，but was captured unfortunately.
6.Japanese used the cruellest punishment to force Zhao Yiman to reveal useful intelligence， but in vain.
7.So the Japanese killed her.
8.Zhao’s death was a huge blow to the anti-Japanese troops，but boosted morale of the soldiers to fight fiercely against the Japanese invaders.
三、Zhao Yiman， who was born in Yibin County，Sichuan Province in 1905， became a member of the Communist Party of China in 1926.
四、
Zhao Yiman， who was born in Yibin County，Sichuan Province in 1905， became a member of the Communist Party of China in 1926.
After the September 18th Incident， she went to north-east China to join the anti-Japanese troops， fighting guerrilla wars against the Japanese invaders. In 1935， a large number of Japanese troops surrounded her men.Zhao Yiman offered to cover the main troop to break through the encirclement， but was captured unfortunately. Japanese used the cruellest punishment to force Zhao Yiman to reveal useful intelligence， but in vain.So the Japanese killed her in public.
Zhao’s death was a huge blow to the anti-Japanese troops，but boosted morale of the soldiers to fight fiercely against the Japanese invaders.
【教材词汇·练续写】
On a misty August morning， we headed out for our one-week adventure.We had prepared for it for 3 days， so we had confidence in this adventure.During the first two days， we enjoyed the cool breeze and the fantastic coastline.Then， the rough roads made the adventure harder.Sleeping in the wild was such a horror that we couldn’t help recalling the beds at home.While crossing a lake， one of us was almost drowned.We got to doubt whether we could make it to the destination.At last， we got lost in the forest and returned home with the help of rescuers.Today， while telling the story， nobody can depict the adventure as a glory.
单元素养提升
回顾单元知识
一、1.objective 2.coastline 3.tank 4.recall 5.barely 6.memorial 7.outstanding 8.uniform 9.bomb
10.friction 11.weapon 12.academic 13.emerge
14.representative 15.sum 16.grain
Ⅰ.1.emerged 2.outstanding 3.barely 4.academic
5.representatives 6.recalled 7.objective 8.memorial 9.sum
二、1.violent 2.horror 3.liberate 4.stability
5.aggression 6.intellectual 7.invader 8.glory
9.dedication 10.relevant
Ⅱ.1.glorious 2.violence 3.liberation 4.intellectually 5.dedication 6.stability 7.relevance 8.invasion
三、1.be made up of 2.free ...from 3.have confidence in
4.nothing less than 5.prepare for 6.make it 7.meet up with 8.come up with 9.due to 10.refer to ...as ... 11.a sense of 12.hold down 13.a large sum of
14.a lack of 15.break through 16.track down
17.fight against 18.in memory of
Ⅲ.1.have confidence in 2.was made up of 3.meet up with
4.prepare for 5.Due to 6.held down 7.nothing less than 8.a large sum of
四、1.the aim being to free north-west Europe from German occupation
2.was not only guarded but fortified
3.It is no wonder that
Ⅳ.1.his head resting on his arm
2.will not only help students get access to more knowledge but also cultivate
3.It is no wonder that he has obtained
UNIT 4 A glimpse of the future
单元话题导入
1.are likely to； achievements 2.imagination
3.advanced； technological 4.With the development of
Section Ⅰ Starting out & Understanding ideas
【文本透析·剖语篇】
第一步
1.thoughts 2.a lot easier 3.challenges 4.problems
5.dangerous 6.embrace
第二步
1－4 BACC
第三步
1.Household appliances such as electric lights， televisions， air conditioners and so on and furniture pieces are controlled by a smartphone with a touch screen.
2.Maybe one day we will control the development of AI.But now， we need to develop AI to solve some real problems.Anyway， there are many problems that mankind cannot solve at present.
第四步
1.It used to feel like 50 per cent of my time was spent researching new restaurants.In contrast，my PA only needs a few seconds to find the right place.
2.（1）Every recommendation she gives me is great since she can predict if I will like a particular restaurant.
（2）If we’re lucky，AI might think we’re valuable enough to keep around.If not， it might wipe us all out！
第五步
1.定语 that或which 宾语
因为她可以预测我是否会喜欢某一个餐厅，所以她给我的每一个建议都很棒。
2.并列 表语 时间状语
唯一的问题是，当第一批汽车上市时，可能会有一些机器学习问题，所以也许我最好先学会驾驶。
【核心知识·巧突破】
核心词汇集释
1.①to read ②I happened to be having a meeting； It happened that I was having a meeting
2.①With ②assistant ③assist us to learn/in learning more about British and Western culture
3.①with/and ②by ③make a contrast with； contrast with
4.①out ②around ③on ④hang on to those old photos
5.①to ②fall victim to pollution； become a victim of pollution
6.①to become ②potentially ③to achieve/fulfill/realise our full potential
7.①as ②beyond ③for ④are capable of finishing
8.①forward ②into ③took a leap
9.①to read ②for ③illegally ④It’s illegal to drive through a red light.
重点句型解构
1.①either deliver a new book to me or give my money back ②either by calling the club office at 8759632 or applying ③Neither she nor her friends
④either in China or in other countries
2.①If not ②If so ③if necessary ④if living
Section Ⅱ Using language
【重难语法·要攻克】
我的发现
1.of后的名词的数 2.单 3.单 4.单
即时演练1
①are ②is ③was ④is ⑤have been sent
⑥hasn’t been decided ⑦is
即时演练2
①was ②was sent ③is ④are ⑤am ⑥is ⑦goes
【知识要点·须拾遗】
1.①at ②assessment ③assess whether the system works well
2.①for ②are bound to be thrilled
3.①in ②to be told ③（should） be cleaned
Section Ⅲ Developing ideas
【文本透析·剖语篇】
第一步
1.a live dog 2.was different from 3.views 4.desperate 5.counted
第二步
1－5 ABDDC
第三步
1.He would keep Robutt.We can conclude from the last two paragraphs.
2.I will choose Robutt.After all， we have been close for a long time and we know each other better.
第四步
1.并列 原因状语 比较状语
穿着太空服的吉米虽看起来臃肿矮胖了一些，但他能承受月球引力，而在地球出生的人是不能承受这种引力的。
2.非限制性定语 结果状语
环形山外侧向南倾斜，南面天空下方的地球全部显现出来，因此整个环形山山坡明亮了起来。
3.条件状语 伴随 宾语 时间状语 宾语
只要有罗布特相伴，吉米就没有危险。当吉米过于靠近一块岩石，它会扑倒他；罗布特还会扑向他，以表达爱意；当吉米藏在岩石后，罗布特就原地打转，低吼，战战兢兢，不论什么时候，罗布特都对吉米的位置了如指掌。
【核心知识·巧突破】
核心词汇集释
1.①desperately ②desperation ③Desperate to be a volunteer
2.①in ②at/by ③were greatly shocked； in a state of shock； were greatly shocked to hear
3.①faulty ②with ③at ④It is not your fault that
4.①on ②comments ③comment on/upon； make a comment/comments on
5.①consistently ②in ③is entirely consistent with
重点句型解构
①so that you can make full preparations for it
②so that I got a good seat ③in order to； so as to
Section Ⅳ Continuing a sci-fi story
【演练佳作·写美文】
写作步骤
Six months later，I came back home for my father’s funeral.Death was very confusing for a child.I didn’t understand what death meant；all I knew was that my father had been lying in bed and receiving medical treatment for his illness when I left，but now when I came back，he was nowhere to be found.He must be hiding somewhere.I was sure people couldn’t just disappear，especially without saying goodbye.Though my mother told me he had “passed on”，I thought she meant he’d traveled to another town.
Suddenly，an idea crossed my mind that my father might travel to Heaven.I knew exactly how to find my father.I ran to the front porch.However，I had grown during those six months in Virginia，and I could no longer squeeze under the porch.I sat in front of the porch all afternoon，calling for someone to answer me.No voice came.No father returned.No frog jumped out of his hiding spot.I was too big to talk to a sprite，so I started to cry.
【教材词汇·练续写】
I assisted Dad to mow yards to earn pocket money.He told the neighbours I was capable of doing the work and offered a price they could not refuse.Every time I headed out to mow，Dad demanded I （should） finish the job well.One afternoon，Dad called me and yelled，“Hey，son.You missed a piece.” I frowned，hoping he would forgive me and know I was desperate to go home.However，he was not the one for me to bank on.On the way home after finishing the work，Dad said gently， “Do as perfectly as you can and you are bound to do everything well in your life.” Then he hugged me tightly.
单元素养提升
回顾单元知识
一、1.victim 2.capacity 3.leap 4.regulate 5.client
6.cite 7.cell 8.bound 9.cycle 10.demand 11.slope
12.hop 13.frown 14.clue 15.consistent
Ⅰ.1.clues 2.victims 3.consistent 4.capacity 5.bound
6.frown 7.demand
二、1.artificial 2.assistant 3.potentially 4.analyse
5.illegal 6.immoral 7.assess 8.mechanical
9.imitation 10.tightly 11.desperate 12.faulty
Ⅱ.1.imitation 2.analysis 3.illegally 4.assistants
5.assessment 6.desperately 7.mechanically 8.faulty
三、1.happen to sb 2.so far 3.used to 4.in contrast
5.hang out 6.be susceptible to 7.be capable of
8.wipe out 9.lie in 10.agree on 11.go through
12.the difference between ...and ... 13.as though
14.change one’s mind 15.be bound to
Ⅲ.1.lie in 2.is bound to 3.is capable of 4.gone through
5.hung out 6.change my mind
四、1.either the best， or the worst thing
2.If not
3.so that the entire crater-slope was brightly lit
Ⅳ.1.Either you or one of your classmates
2.If asked to look after
3.so that he got the first place
UNIT 5 Learning from nature
单元话题导入
1.harmoniously 2.repay； take from
3.created； a set of； imitating
Section Ⅰ Starting out & Understanding ideas
【文本透析·剖语篇】
第一步
1.inspiration 2.many of the most fascinating designs
3.the beauty of natural forms 4.mimic 5.natural organisms
6.harmony
第二步
1－4 CBAC
第三步
1.Biomimicry is not a new idea.Since ancient times， simple people and scientists have been watching and studying nature’s best ideas and then imitated these designs and processes to find answers and solved many situations in human history.
2.Biomimicry is a new way to perceive and value nature.It brings us the idea that the best way to benefit from the natural world is not to massively extract substances and valuables from it.The conscious emulation of life’s and nature’s genius is a survival strategy for the human race.It’s a possible path to a sustainable and better future.
第四步
1.（1）When we look at a pine cone，we might think how much it looks like the tiles on a roof.
（2）An open flower might make us think how closely it resembles an umbrella.
（3）Shaped to resemble a lotus flower，it appears to float above the waterfront promenade and the water that surrounds it.
2.In a similar way，the Eastgate Centre has a “skin” covered in holes.
第五步
1.并列 形式主语 真正的主语 强调
以这种方式思考是很自然的，但当然不是雨伞给了花朵灵感，也不是屋顶给了松果灵感。
2.时间状语 定语
津巴布韦建筑师米克·皮尔斯在一部大自然纪录片中看到白蚁筑造蚁穴，从中得到启发，从而设计了东门大厦。
【核心知识·巧突破】
核心词汇集释
1.①at/by ②amazing ③in ④To my amazement； What amazed me was that； was amazed that
2.①an ②of ③to ④follow his example
3.①absorbed ②absorbing ③So absorbed was she in her job； Absorbed in her job， she didn’t hear anybody knocking at the door.
4.①response ②responded to； made a response to
5.①with ②harmonious ③in harmony with
重点句型解构
①If elected ②while （we were） picking oranges
③Although living in different eras
Section Ⅱ Using language
【重难语法·要攻克】
我的发现
1.主语 it 宾语 表语 2.表语 主语 3.表语
即时演练1
①Being exposed ②to distinguish ③to accustom
④Facing ⑤having
即时演练2
①studying ②being given ③to be reading ④working ⑤to take
即时演练3
①to raise ②convincing ③seated ④promoted
【知识要点·须拾遗】
1.①variety ②various ③in ④vary from person to person
2.①as ②to assist ③Employing himself in drawing up plans
Section Ⅲ Developing ideas
【文本透析·剖语篇】
第一步
1.conflicted 2.reaction 3.peaceful 4.transformations 5.withdraw 6.beauty 7.convince
第二步
1－5 BACBA
第三步
1.The first sentence describes a beautiful scene of the dusk.The village is so far away that it looks fuzzy and the smoke rises gently and slowly.The scenery described in the sentence gives people a sense of peace and serenity， as if the world is not disturbed by any force.
The second sentence makes this beautiful rural painting come to life all of a sudden.Instead of writing about the songs of birds and insects， the poet wrote a very common song and bark of chickens and dogs， because the sound of chickens and dogs is the most characteristic of rural environment and the most harmonious and unified with the whole picture.It properly shows the life atmosphere of the countryside， and does not damage the peaceful mood at all.
2.Though we live in modern times， it isn’t possible for us to go back to nature to live a life as they do， what we should know is that it is urgent for humans to live with nature in harmony now， because we humans have already paid price for treating nature badly， such as global warming， floods， hurricanes， etc， which can be considered a sign that nature warns us.
第四步
1.状语 定语
表面上看，这两个人生活在不同的时代，相隔近一千五百年，迥然不同。
2.状语 同位语
公元405年，陶渊明永久地辞去了官职，以表达他对仕途的不满，用今天的一句名言形容就是“不为五斗米折腰”。
3.宾语 让步状语
我们可以从他的诗歌中看出，尽管生活艰苦，但他从这种简单的生活中成功获得了满足感，并从大自然中获得了乐趣。
4.宾语 定语 方式状语
梭罗的写作意在使人们信服，动物和植物就像我们人类一样都有生存和繁荣的权利。
【核心知识·巧突破】
核心词汇集释
1.①in ②in ③in return for
2.①with ②against ③he will react to the bad news； his reaction to the bad news will be
3.①退出 ②撤离 ③withdrawal ④withdrawn ⑤withdrew from the meeting
4.①to ②from ③resign myself to giving up halfway
5.①at ②with ③at ④put me at ease
6.①as ②on/by ③evaluate the consequences； make an evaluation of the consequences
重点句型解构
1.①while Lucy sat in the corner silently alone ②While my mom and I were shopping
2.①As is often the case ②As we all know ③As is mentioned above ④as will make them better and cleverer
Section Ⅳ Writing about a lesson from nature
【演练佳作·写美文】
写作步骤
二、1.The set phrase “ya miao zhu zhang” means “Trying to help seedlings grow by pulling them up”.
2.There is a story behind it.
3.A man in the Song State was anxious about the slow growth of his seedlings.
4.He pulled them upward one by one.
5.He came back saying to his family，“I’m exhausted today，for I’ve helped the seedlings grow much taller.”
6.Hearing this，his son ran to the field and found all the seedlings had died.
7.This set phrase teaches us a lesson.
8.Going against the law of development in things and being overanxious for quick results will only make things worse.
三、1.The set phrase “ya miao zhu zhang” means “Trying to help seedlings grow by pulling them up”，behind which there is a story.
2.This set phrase teaches us the lesson that going against the law of development in things and being overanxious for quick results will only make things worse.
四、
The set phrase “ya miao zhu zhang” means “Trying to help seedlings grow by pulling them up”，behind which there is a story.
A man in the Song State was anxious about the slow growth of his seedlings.So， he pulled them upward one by one.He came back saying to his family， “I’m exhausted today，for I’ve helped the seedlings grow much taller.”Hearing this， his son ran to the field and found all the seedlings had died.
This set phrase teaches us the lesson that going against the law of development in things and being overanxious for quick results will only make things worse.
【教材词汇·练续写】
To ease the working pressure，I drove to the rural area with my friend Harry last week.While walking on the lanes，I was attracted by the lotuses in the pond，the mulberry trees swinging in the wind and the flying dragonflies.“How amazing the scenery is！”Harry whispered to himself，unconsciously a smile spreading over his face.All of a sudden，we caught sight of a cottage in the distance.The nearer the cottage was， the more delighted we were，because we saw a beautiful botanical garden there.Enjoying the beautiful scene of the field，we felt a sense of fulfilment.
单元素养提升
回顾单元知识
一、1.superb 2.frontier 3.pond 4.sow 5.employ
6.bat 7.physician 8.bow 9.rural 10.decent
11.cottage 12.withdraw 13.domestic 14.ease
15.attain 16.fulfilment
Ⅰ.1.rural 2.attained 3.employ 4.decent 5.bowed 6.sown
二、1.architect 2.convert 3.wisdom 4.depressive
5.purity 6.resign 7.botanical 8.reject 9.evaluate
Ⅱ.1.architectural 2.rejection 3.evaluation 4.depression
5.wisdom 6.purity
三、1.take ...for granted 2.an example of 3.covert ...into 4.respond to 5.in harmony with 6.seek solutions to 7.take inspiration from 8.in return for 9.draw ...from ... 10.be opposed to 11.reaction to
12.withdraw from 13.resign oneself to 14.at ease with
15.be ready to
Ⅲ.1.are opposed to 2.in harmony with 3.reaction to
4.at ease with 5.respond to 6.be withdrawn from
7.is ready to
四、1.while watching a nature documentary
2.Creating buildings such as these
3.While Tao’s return to nature was a reaction to a lifestyle he was opposed to
4.as he describes in his journals
Ⅳ.1.While looking at the photograph
2.Being exposed to English frequently
3.while there’s little in the north-west
4.As everyone knows
UNIT 6 Nature in words
单元话题导入
1.get； ready for 2.recover； go back to 3.absolutely； by all means 4.sunshine； is full of
Section Ⅰ Starting out & Understanding ideas
【文本透析·剖语篇】
第一步
1.excited 2.magical 3.pale 4.strange 5.lovely
6.cruel 7.bending
第二步
1－5 BABCA
第三步
1.We， humans， are also a part of nature， but we tend to distinguish ourselves from nature and do the things， which may harm nature.Therefore， respect nature and its resources， show some compassion towards it.It is the responsibility of a human being to protect nature.We， as humans， should refrain from doing any harm to nature if we need to provide a good natural environment to the future generations.Just as Charles Darwin puts it， “Everything， what is against nature， will not last for long.”
2.When I think about the beauty of nature， the first thing that comes to my mind may be greenery.But the beauty of nature is more than the greenery.Everything I feel and see around， including mountains， forests， rivers， birds， plants， animals， air， etc.— all are a part of the beauty of nature.
第四步
1.（1）When I got up this morning the world was a cold place of dead white and pale blues.
（2）The little plum tree outside， with the faintly flushed snow lining its branches and artfully disposed along its trunk， stood in full sunlight.
（3）But the snow is falling heavily， in great soft flakes， so that you can hardly see across the shallow valley， and the roofs are thick and the trees all bending， and the weathercock of the village church， still to be seen through the grey loaded air， has become some creature out of Hans Andersen.
2.（1）The dining-room window had been transformed into a lovely Japanese print.
（2）It was as if our kindly countryside， close to the very heart of England， had been turned into a cruel grassland.
3.Then the sun came out， and by the time I had sat down to breakfast it was shining bravely and flushing the snow with delicate pinks.
第五步
1.as ...as ... 非限制性定语 the children 方式状语
对于这场雪，我今早近乎像孩子们那样兴奋。我发现孩子们在透过窗子看着外面奇妙的世界，兴奋地说个不停，就像圣诞节突然又要来了一般。
2.that 结果状语 时间状语
这是今年冬天我们在这里的第一场雪，而在去年的雪季，我身在异国，在酷热的天气里汗流不止，所以离我上次欣赏到这银装素裹的世界，着实过了些时日了。
【核心知识·巧突破】
核心词汇集释
1.①for ②inspection ③be inspected
2.①insisted on lending ②（should） be sent to the hospital； was feeling quiet well
3.①into ②off ③talk him out of leaving
4.①about ②out ③came round to see me
5.①down/over ②persuading ③bent her mind to her work
重点句型解构
1.①found myself stuck ②found himself in a strange room ③found most of my classmates and teachers friendly
④find it much easier to recognise
2.①had begun ②will have learned/will learn ③had been completed ④By the time he is 18 next year
Section Ⅱ Using language
【重难语法·要攻克】
我的发现
1.宾语补足语 2.状语 结果 目的 伴随 3.定语 主谓
即时演练1
①to harm ②to be completed ③regulating ④conducted
⑤falling ⑥titled
即时演练2
①To keep ②to find ③Having studied ④Located ⑤releasing
即时演练3
①wandering ②to make ③taken ④to process ⑤to do
【知识要点·须拾遗】
1.①an unforgettable experience ②a beautiful view we see from the top of the hill； beautiful a view we see from the top of the hill
2.①to ②addition ③add up these numbers； add up to more than 100
Section Ⅲ Developing ideas
【文本透析·剖语篇】
第一步
1.1962 2.natural ecosystems 3.more responsible， limited and carefully monitored 4.case studies 5.beautiful and elegant 6.The pesticide industry 7.precise 8.defend her claims 9.banned 10.Presidential Medal of Freedom
11.environmental awareness
第二步
1－4 DCAC
第三步
1.Today， environmentalists and the green movement argue that many silent chemical and radioactive toxins， as well as carbon emissions， pollute the earth， the effects of which we will not feel until it is too late and the damage has been done.We need to pay attention now， they say， or pay the price.
2.The book is relevant because it carefully compiles scientific evidence to make its case.It shows that even though the impact of pesticides seems invisible， it is real， and it shows how all of the earth is interwoven ecologically.Damaging the soil or water damages animals （Carson focuses on birds） and humans.
In these days， the political debate about climate change is fierce.We debate， despite overwhelming evidence and consensus among scientists， whether climate change is really happening in the world.Her book will provide some ideas for these global problems.
第四步
1.宾语 believed wished
她认为化学工业正在明目张胆地对动植物，甚至对人类本身造成伤害，她希望人们在使用杀虫剂时能够更加负责、节制，并且严加监管。
2.让步状语 定语
虽然卡森的研究很有说服力，而且得到多数审阅过这本书的科学家的支持，但是这本书很快成了杀虫剂行业批判的对象。
【核心知识·巧突破】
核心词汇集释
1.①from ②on ③there is a ban on smoking
2.①to ②to ③on the alert
3.①harmless ②does harm to our eyes
4.①urgent ②urgency ③to take ④（should） take measures to solve these problems
5.①by ②are specially designed for； are designed to enrich
6.①for ②targeted ③being a target for
7.①for ②a ③was ruined ④lived up to his reputation
8.①determination ②Determined ③determines to write a book； is determined to write a book
重点句型解构
1.①Curious to find out ②Tired and breathless ③Worried about making a bad impression on the customer
2.①Try as/though he might ②Hard as/though they tried ③Beautiful as/though the necklace was ④Child as/though he was
Section Ⅳ Writing a poem about nature
【教材词汇·练续写】
Having held the championship for the past two years， I was chosen to participate in the competition.My teacher insisted that I practice for the contest.“I have a bit of sore throat，” I lied.I even told Ms Sara not to worry as I was not puzzled about anything.However，when I stepped on the stage，my palms sweated heavily and my voice trembled.Finally，I walked off the stage and flushed with shame.“I should have practiced to enhance my ability，” I said to Ms Sara.Bending her head， she gently told me that getting well prepared for everything was of great importance.
单元素养提升
回顾单元知识
一、1.weekly 2.shaving 3.prospect 4.bend 5.church 6.rhyme 7.enhance 8.wheat 9.gentle 10.sweep 11.ban 12.chorus 13.dozen 14.launch 15.reputation
16.diamond
Ⅰ.1.bent 2.enhance 3.reputation 4.banned 5.launch
6.swept 7.weekly
二、1.inspector 2.insist 3.innocent 4.thorough 5.precise 6.elegance 7.passionate
Ⅱ.1.elegance 2.innocence 3.thoroughly 4.precisely 5.passionate
三、1.talk away 2.come round 3.break out 4.at the risk of 5.wake up 6.come out 7.transform ...into ... 8.longing for 9.participate in 10.alert ...to 11.cause harm to 12.urge sb to do sth 13.a target for 14.stand by 15.attempt to 16.dozens of 17.or so 18.be regarded as 19.rather than
Ⅲ.1.longing for 2.stand by 3.come round 4.at the risk of 5.causes harm to 6.has been transformed into 7.is regarded as 8.or so
四、1.find yourself in another quite different
2.puzzled and disturbed
3.strong though they are
Ⅳ.1.found many students buried their heads in books
2.Surprised and happy
3.Patient though he was
1 / 3Section Ⅳ Writing about a literary work
Step 1 品教材课文 Step 2 析写作手法
The Picture of Dorian Gray This book by Oscar Wilde tells the story of Dorian Gray， a very handsome young man who spends his life only concerned with his own pleasure， regardless of the suffering he brings to others. The story starts with young Dorian having his portrait painted.His friend Lord Wotton talks about beauty and pleasure being the only important things in life.Fascinated by his words， Dorian wishes he could remain young and good-looking always， with his portrait growing old instead of him. Soon afterwards， Dorian is surprised to find his wish has come true， after he meets Sybil， an innocent actress who falls in love with him.Dorian heartlessly abandons her just because she performs poorly one night.When he learns that Sybil has killed herself， Dorian finds his face in the painting has taken on a cruel look. He hides the painting away so that no one else may see it.For the next 18 years， Dorian engages in various evil deeds， even murdering the painter of the portrait.But he never feels guilty about the harm he is doing.His portrait ages and reveals his inner ugliness.One day， he suddenly comes to be fearful of his past crimes and wants to start a new life.But his portrait remains the same and reminds him of everything he has done.Feeling desperate， he tries to destroy the portrait with a knife， but it is he who is killed.His body is discovered， old and awful， while his portrait is young and handsome once again. In the story， what matters most to Dorian Gray is that he is good-looking， not that he has a good heart.He sacrifices his true self in pursuit of physical beauty and pleasure， which leads to his destruction in the end. Para.1 General introduction 首段使用一般现在时对小说《多里安·格雷的画像》进行总体介绍；首句中的同位语和who引导的定语从句的使用使句子更简洁、明快。 Paras.2－4 Plot 本文第二段至第四段简单描述了小说的故事情节。第二段讲述了故事的起因，尾句使用过去分词短语作状语和with复合结构作状语，使表达非常简练。第三段讲述了故事的发展，本段共三句话，每句分别使用一个状语从句把整个段落连接了起来。第四段讲述了故事的结局，使用了For the next 18 years， But， One day等多种过渡语。其中，还使用了动词-ing短语Feeling desperate作原因状语，增强了文章的表达效果。这些过渡语的使用，使故事的叙述更加流畅、自然。 Para.5 Central themes 本段点明了这部小说的主题。本段共两句，首句使用了what引导的主语从句和that引导的表语从句，尾句使用了which引导的非限制性定语从句，使句子的表达非常地道、富有变化。
Step 3 背出彩佳句
1.I enjoy reading different kinds of books， but Harry Potter is my favourite one.
我喜欢读不同种类的书，但是《哈利·波特》是我最喜欢的一本书。
2.The fairy tales are my favourites， such as Grimm’s Fairy Tales， Anderson’s Fairy Tales and so on.
我最喜欢的是童话故事，比如《格林童话》《安徒生童话》等。
3.The story is very long but I am interested in it.
这个故事很长，但是我对它感兴趣。
4.In fact， the fiction is so meaningful that I can learn a lot from it.
事实上，这部小说非常有意义，我从中学到很多。
5.We are also astonished and convinced by his fertile imagination and scientific and geographical knowledge.
我们也对他丰富的想象力以及科学知识和地理知识感到惊讶和信服。
6.I think it’s the best book I’ve ever read.
我认为这是我读过的最好的书。
请写一篇短文，介绍小说《百万英镑》（The Million Pound Bank Note），内容包括：
1.作者：Mark Twain
2.语言风格：幽默、讽刺
3.故事梗概：伦敦的两位富家兄弟打赌，把一张无法兑现的百万支票借给落魄的美国穷人亨利·亚当斯，看他在一个月内如何收场。一个月的期限到了，亨利不仅没有饿死或被捕，反倒成了富翁，并且赢得了一位漂亮小姐的芳心。
4.主题：批判了拜金主义思想，揭示当时英国社会的荒谬。
参考词汇：拜金主义思想 money worship
一、审题谋篇，结构分明
第一段：简要介绍文学作品及作者；
第二段：详细介绍其故事背景、故事情节、人物角色等；
第三段：说明作品的主题。
二、要点陈述，语言规范
1.小说《百万英镑》是马克·吐温写的。
2.他是一位伟大的美国作家。
3.通过他幽默和讽刺的语言，马克·吐温成功地描绘了亨利·亚当斯，一个身无分文的美国人在伦敦的不可思议的冒险。（humorous， sarcastic， depict， penniless）
4.伦敦的两位富家兄弟在亨利身上下了赌注，他们想看看如果给他一张连一便士也兑换不了的百万英镑支票，一个月后他会怎么样。（have a bet on）
5.一个月后，亨利既没有挨饿，也没有被捕。
6.亨利戏剧性地成了一名百万富翁。（dramatically）
7.他甚至赢得了一位漂亮女士的爱。
8.这部小说一个明显的主题是对拜金主义的批判。（criticism）
9.在这个故事中，它也揭示了当时英国社会的荒谬。（ridiculous）
三、句间衔接，过渡自然
1.合并要点1和要点2。
2.用并列连词连接要点5和要点6。
四、检查誊写，卷面整洁
情感描写 heartfelt adj.衷心的，诚挚的 compassion n.怜悯；同情 heartbreaking adj.令人悲伤的 expression n.表情；神色 intently adv.专心地；一心一意地 profound adj.（感情）强烈的，深切的 tenderness n.柔情 frightful adj.可怕的→fright n.惊吓，恐惧
动作描写 pretend v.假装，装作 overlook v.忽视，忽略 bother v.（使）苦恼 acknowledge v.承认（某事属实或某情况存在） exclaim v.（因惊讶、愤怒或兴奋而）呼喊，惊叫 repay v.报答 boost one’s confidence增加某人的信心
人物描写 self-critical adj.自我批评的，自我批判的 obsessive adj.痴迷的，迷恋的；过度的（含贬义） skinny adj.极瘦的，皮包骨的 monstrous adj.丑陋的；骇人的 timid adj.胆小的，胆怯的 coward n.胆小鬼；懦夫 loyal adj.忠贞的，忠实的，忠诚的 graceful adj.优美的，优雅的
请从以上语料中选择合适的词汇，并用适当的过渡词完成下面语段。
小女孩正在专心玩耍，这时一条狗跑了过来。她一看到那条狗就吓得大叫起来。那条狗对胆小的女孩来说就像怪物一样可怕。从她的表情中他能感受到她深深的恐惧，他试着安慰小女孩。他拥抱了小女孩，赶走了狗，温柔地擦掉她的眼泪。事实上，他只是假装不害怕。当女孩的母亲知道他所做的一切时，她大声说：“非常感谢！”她提出要报答他，但他拒绝了。
提示：完成课后作业 UNIT 1 Section Ⅳ
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