Section Ⅰ Starting out & Understanding ideas
Life Behind the Lens①
[1]A white-haired② old man riding an ordinary bicycle around the streets of New York， always wearing the same blue worker’s jacket and simple black running shoes. If you saw him， you’d never think there was anything remarkable③ about him.And yet④ every member of New York’s wealthy high society wanted nothing more than⑤ to pose⑥ for this man.
[1]本句采用了照片说明文字的描写方式，突出了人物形象特征。
This ordinary-looking⑦ man was Bill Cunningham， one of the most important American photographers of the last 50 years.
What made Cunningham so great？ It certainly wasn’t the use of expensive，technologically-advanced⑧ equipment.Cunningham always used simple， relatively⑨cheap cameras and took all his pictures on the streets of New York， not in a studio.[2]Nor was it a wide range of⑩ contacts and connections.[3]Although he always knew where fashionable parties and events were happening， Cunningham liked to photograph ordinary people in the poor Bronx as much as VIPs in rich Manhattan. He found inspiration where others could not， in simple， everyday scenes， such as a man buying oranges at the local grocery store， or a woman riding home on the graffiti-covered subway.[4]These things were real， and it was within their reality that Cunningham saw both beauty and potential.[5]Through his fascination with what people were wearing， and not who they were， he opened the doors of fashion to everyone — fashion as he saw it belonged to the people， not just to high society and big brands.
[2]本句为倒装句。表示否定意义的词位于句首时，句子用部分倒装。
[3]Although引导让步状语从句，从句中where引导宾语从句。
[4]本句是由and连接的并列句。第二个分句为强调句型。
[5]and连接分别由what和who引导的并列的宾语从句；破折号后是插入语，起解释说明作用。
Moreover， [6]what made Cunningham great was his devotion to photography， and the hours and hours of sheer hard work he put into his work. Cunningham would go out onto the streets of New York each and every day， regardless of the weather.[7]He would even stay outside in a storm， not coming back until he knew he had the right photos. He hardly ever took a day off and not once stayed home sick.[8]This devotion and hard work is what we see reflected within his photos.This is what makes them so special.
[6]what引导主语从句；and连接并列的表语；he put into his work为省略了关系词的定语从句。
[7]本句含有until引导的时间状语从句，not ...until ...“直到……才……”。
[8]句中两个what均引导表语从句。
Although he was a world-famous fashion photographer， Cunningham’s approach to life was uncomplicated .He lived in a small apartment with a shared washroom.A simple restaurant was where he usually had the same meal of sausages， eggs and coffee.
Cunningham never accepted the benefits offered to him for being a fashion photographer.[9]He valued his integrity and would not be bought by anyone， no matter how many free clothes or flights to faraway destinations he was offered. And if he went to a celebrity party， he was there to work rather than have fun .“Money’s the cheapest thing，” he once said， then added： “...freedom is the most expensive.” [10] This lack of self-interest and promotion kept Cunningham focused on his craft ， enabling him to capture New York’s unique street style.
[9]本句为主从复合句。no matter how引导让步状语从句；and连接并列谓语；he was offered为定语从句。
[10]句中kept Cunningham focused on his craft为“keep＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构。enabling him to capture New York’s unique street style为动词-ing短语作结果状语。
Cunningham’s passion for photography lasted throughout his life.He was 87 when he passed away， and had been working right up until his last illness.Nothing ever stopped him from getting the photo he wanted.His hard work made him more than a fashion photographer — he was a “cultural anthropologist ”， who we can thank for recording the life of a whole city and its people over half a century.Bill Cunningham was an observer， and not one of the observed ， a worker not a star — and this was how he wanted it.
【读文清障】
①lens n.（照相机、摄像机的） 镜头
②white-haired adj.白发苍苍的
③remarkable adj.非凡的，显著的，引人注目的
④yet conj.然而
⑤nothing more than
仅仅，只不过
⑥pose v.（使）摆好姿势
pose for （为画像、摄影）摆好姿势
⑦ordinary-looking adj.相貌平平的，看起来普普通通的
⑧technologically-advanced
adj.技术先进的
⑨relatively adv.相对的
⑩a wide range of
各种各样的
contact n.人际关系；联系；接触
fashionable adj.流行的，时髦的
photograph v.拍照，照相
as much as 和……一样多
inspiration n.灵感
grocery n.食品杂货店
fascination n.着迷，迷恋
fascination with
对……入迷/着迷
devotion n.奉献；专心
devotion to 对……的挚爱/忠诚/奉献
put ...into
将……投入……
take off 休假，休息
not once 从未，从来没有
reflect v.反映
approach to 做……的方法（或途径）
uncomplicated adj.不复杂的，简单的；单纯的
benefit n.好处，益处
integrity n.正直；诚实
destination n.目的地，终点
rather than 而不是
have fun 玩得开心
focus on 专注于
craft n.（某一行业所需的）技能
capture v.捕捉
passion n.酷爱；热衷的爱好（或活动等）
passion for
对……的热爱/酷爱
more than 不仅仅；不止
anthropologist n.人类学家
observe v.观察（到）；注视
【参考译文】
镜头背后的人生
一位白发老人总是穿着一件蓝色工装夹克和样式简单的黑色跑鞋，骑着一辆普通的自行车在纽约街头穿梭。如果你看到他，你不会觉得他有任何引人注目的地方。然而，纽约富裕的上流社会中每一个人都想着对他摆姿势、请他拍照。
这位看起来普普通通的人就是比尔·坎宁安，美国近五十年来最重要的摄影师之一。
是什么使得坎宁安享有如此盛誉？当然不是因为他用了昂贵、技术先进的设备。坎宁安总是使用简单、相对便宜的相机，他所有照片的拍摄地都是纽约的街道，而不是摄影棚。也不是因为他交友广泛，识人无数。虽然他总是知道时尚聚会和大型活动举办的地点，但无论是对于在贫穷的布朗克斯拍摄普通人，还是在富裕的曼哈顿拍摄贵宾，他都同样喜欢。他能在一些简单的日常场景中得到其他人无法得到的灵感，比如一个在当地杂货店买橘子的男人，或是一个乘坐画满涂鸦的地铁回家的女人。这些东西是真实的，在这种真实中，坎宁安看到了美好和潜力。他用自己迷恋的对象——关注人们穿什么，而不是这些人是谁——向所有人打开了时尚的大门。在他看来，时尚属于民众，而不仅仅属于上流社会和大品牌。
此外，坎宁安的伟大之处还在于他对摄影的奉献精神，以及他在工作中投入的大量时间和精力。不管天气如何，坎宁安每天都会走上纽约的街头。甚至在暴风雨时，他也会待在外面，直到他认为自己已经拍摄到满意的照片才回家。他几乎从未休过一天假，也从未因病待在家中。我们可以从他的照片中看到这种奉献和努力。这就是使得这些照片如此与众不同的原因。
虽然坎宁安是一位世界著名的时尚摄影师，但他的生活方式却并不复杂。他住在一间与其他人共用浴室的小公寓里。他经常到一家简单的餐馆吃同样的食物，有香肠、鸡蛋和咖啡。
作为时尚摄影师，坎宁安从未接受过这个职业带给他的好处。他珍视自己的正直，不为任何人所动摇，无论提供给他多少免费衣物或远程航班。而且如果他去参加名人聚会，他是去工作而不是玩乐。“钱是最不值钱的东西，”他曾说，“……自由是最昂贵的。”对自身利益和升迁毫不关注，这使坎宁安能够专注于自己的技能，捕捉到纽约独特的街头风格。
坎宁安对摄影的热爱贯穿他的一生。他在87岁时与世长辞，一直到最后生病前他都在工作。没有什么能阻挡他拍到想要的照片。他的辛勤工作使他不仅是一名时尚摄影师——他更是一位“文化人类学家”，我们感谢他记录了整个城市及其人民长达半个世纪的生活。比尔·坎宁安是一位观察者，而不是一位被观察者，是一名劳动者而不是一个明星——而这正是他想要的。
第一步：析架构理清脉络
Read the passage quickly and then fill in the blanks.
第二步：知细节明察秋毫
Read the passage carefully and choose the best answers.
1.What does Cunningham think of fashion？（ ）
A.High society is the source of fashion.
B.The celebrities are the symbol of fashion.
C.Everyone can enjoy the beauty of fashion.
D.Big brands tend to be fashionable.
2.Why do people like and respect Cunningham？（ ）
A.He was expert at finding beauty in ordinary people.
B.He didn’t accept any benefits for being a fashion photographer.
C.He lived in a small apartment with a shared washroom.
D.He always ate the same meal of sausages and eggs.
3.What is the third paragraph mainly about？（ ）
A.Cunningham’s skills of taking photos.
B.Cunningham’s attitude towards people.
C.Cunningham’s devotion to his job.
D.Cunningham’s concerns about weather.
4.Why is Bill Cunningham called a “cultural anthropologist”？（ ）
A.He reflected his culture in photography.
B.He focused on people in his photos.
C.He was interested in the photography culture.
D.He recorded the life of a whole city and its people over half a century.
第三步：拓思维品质提升
Discuss the following questions with your partner.
1.What is your understanding of Bill Cunningham’s words “Money’s the cheapest thing”？
2.If you were to write about Bill Cunningham， which aspect would you choose？
第四步：品语言妙笔生辉
Read the passage carefully and find the sentences that describe a person.
第五步：析难句表达升级
1.Although he always knew where fashionable parties and events were happening，Cunningham liked to photograph ordinary people in the poor Bronx as much as VIPs in rich Manhattan.
句式分析 本句为主从复合句。Although引导 从句，where引导宾语从句，in the poor Bronx和in rich Manhattan为介词短语作 ，分别修饰people和VIPs。
自主翻译
2.Moreover，what made Cunningham great was his devotion to photography，and the hours and hours of sheer hard work he put into his work.
句式分析 本句为主从复合句。what引导 从句，he put into his work为省略了关系代词的 从句。
自主翻译
3.A simple restaurant was where he usually had the same meal of sausages， eggs and coffee.
句式分析 本句为主从复合句。where引导 从句。
自主翻译
4.He valued his integrity and would not be bought by anyone，no matter how many free clothes or flights to faraway destinations he was offered.
句式分析 句中no matter how ...为“no matter＋疑问词”引导的 从句，he was offered为 从句。
自主翻译
Part Ⅰ 核心词汇集释
a wide range of 各种不同的，大范围的
【教材原句】 Nor was it a wide range of contacts and connections.
也不是因为他交友广泛，识人无数。
【用法】
（1）range n. 种类，（变化或浮动的）范围
within/in range of 在……可及的范围内
out of/beyond range of 超出……的范围
（2）range v. （在一定范围内）变化；包括（各种不同的人或物）
range from ...to ... 从……到……变化
range between ...and ... 在……与……之间变化
【佳句】 Our school produces a lot of rubbish every day， such as leftover food， waste paper and plastic bottles， which brings a wide range of environmental problems.
我们学校每天都会产生很多垃圾，比如剩饭、废纸和塑料瓶，这带来了广泛的环境问题。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①Activities there range whale watching hiking and accommodations aim to have a low impact on the natural environment.
②The girl liked the new dress so much， but the price of the dress was really her range.
③The temperature in Kunming usually ranges between 15 ℃ 25 ℃.That’s why it is called “the Spring City”.
【写美】 补全句子
④In addition to these traditional activities， we have choices such as travelling and visiting our relatives or friends.
除了这些传统的活动外，我们还有很多选择，比如旅游和走亲访友。
fascination with 对……入迷/着迷
【教材原句】 Through his fascination with what people were wearing， and not who they were， he opened the doors of fashion to everyone ...他用自己迷恋的对象——关注人们穿什么，而不是这些人是谁——向所有人打开了时尚的大门……
【用法】
（1）have a fascination for 对……有吸引力
（2）fascinating adj. 极有吸引力的
（3）be fascinated with/by 对……着迷；被……
所吸引
be fascinated to do sth 痴迷于做某事
【佳句】 If you look back on history， you will certainly be fascinated with/by many customs and cultures.
如果你回顾历史，你肯定会被许多风俗习惯和文化所吸引。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①If you want to see this （fascinate） river， then come to the Yellow River Scenic Area.
②Taking a book off the shelf， he found himself （fascinate）， not with the words of the book， but with the notes penciled in the margin.
③Some people like to collect foreign stamps or coins， yet others are fascinated （collect） seashells or rare stones.
fashion n.时尚；时兴；流行款式
【教材原句】 ...he opened the doors of fashion to everyone ...
……他向所有人打开了时尚的大门……
【用法】
（1）come into fashion 成为时尚，变得流行起来
be in fashion 正流行
（go） out of fashion 过时
（2）fashionable adj. 流行的，时兴的，时髦的
【佳句】 I am writing to invite you to the fashion show to be held in our school hall on 20 June， in which all the clothing in the show will be made from waste products.
我写信邀请你参加6月20日在学校礼堂举行的时装表演，表演中所有的衣服都是用废品做的。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①He shouldn’t have spent as much as 20 dollars buying some clothes that are out fashion.
②This is a very small shop but there are so many （fashion） clothes in it.
【写美】 一句多译
③据说这种款式的帽子今年又流行起来了。
→It’s said that hats of this pattern are again this year.
→It’s said that hats of this pattern are again this year.
devotion to 对……的挚爱/忠诚/奉献
【教材原句】 Moreover， what made Cunningham great was his devotion to photography， and the hours and hours of sheer hard work he put into his work.
此外，坎宁安的伟大之处还在于他对摄影的奉献精神，以及他在工作中投入的大量时间和精力。
【用法】
（1）devotion n. 献身，奉献；忠诚；挚爱
（2）devote v. 献身；致力；专心
devote oneself to （doing） sth
＝be devoted to （doing） sth 致力于（做）某事
devote ...to ... 把……用于……；献身；致力；专心
（3）devoted adj. 挚爱的；忠诚的
【佳句】 Leslie Nielsen’s devotion to acting is wonderfully inspiring.
莱斯利·尼尔森对表演的热爱是非常鼓舞人心的。
【点津】 devote是及物动词，常接表示时间、精力、生命等的抽象名词作宾语，而“专心”和“奉献”的对象则由介词to引出，to后接名词或动词-ing形式。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①We should think of him as a shining example of devotion duty.
②His spirit of （devote） sets him apart from other doctors.
③He wanted to devote his energies to （write） novels.
④He has been a （devote） fan of Lionel Messi since he knew what football game is.
【写美】 一句多译
⑤她深爱着她的教育事业。
→She shows her career in education.
→She her career in education.
→She her career in education.
put ...into ...将……投入……
【教材原句】 Moreover， what made Cunningham great was his devotion to photography， and the hours and hours of sheer hard work he put into his work.
此外，坎宁安的伟大之处还在于他对摄影的奉献精神，以及他在工作中投入的大量时间和精力。
【用法】
put up 建造，搭起；张贴；举起，挂起；提高（价格）；留宿
put down 写下，记下；放下；镇压
put off 推迟；延迟
put aside 把……放一边；搁置，不考虑
【佳句】 The difference between successful and unsuccessful people is that successful people put the things they learn into practice.
成功者和失败者之间的区别是成功者将他们所学的东西付诸实践。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①On Christmas Eve， the whole family helped to put the Christmas tree， the decorations and the balloons.
②I put half an hour every day to write my diary.
③We will put the picnic in the park until next week， when the weather may be better.
④I decided to put more time and energy my work in the coming year.So that I could got a pay rise.
approach to 做……的方法（或途径）
【教材原句】 Although he was a world-famous fashion photographer， Cunningham’s approach to life was uncomplicated.
虽然坎宁安是一位世界著名的时尚摄影师，但他的生活方式却并不复杂。
【用法】
approach v. 接近，靠近
n. 接近；方法，途径
an approach to （doing） sth （做）某事的方法
with the approach of 随着……的来临/临近
【佳句】 The school has decided to adopt a different approach to discipline.
学校决定采取另外一种方式解决纪律问题。
【点津】 “做某事的方法”的表达：
the approach to doing sth
the way to do/of doing sth
the means of doing sth
the method of doing sth
【生义】 approach作动词时，还可意为“处理，对付”。
【练透】 语境辨义/单句语法填空
①Due to the new approach， wheat production has risen over the years.
②As we were approaching the farm， we saw a dim figure.
③Do you know the best way of approaching the problem？
④It’s time that we adopted different approaches to （solve） the problem.
【写美】 一句多译
⑤随着考试的临近，很多学生表现出焦虑的迹象。
→ ， many students show signs of anxiety. （approach n.）
→ ， many students show signs of anxiety. （approach v.）
passion for 对……的热爱/酷爱
【教材原句】 Cunningham’s passion for photography lasted throughout his life.
坎宁安对摄影的热爱贯穿他的一生。
【用法】
（1）passion n. 热情，激情；酷爱
with passion 热情洋溢地，充满激情地
have a passion for 对……有强烈的爱好；酷爱
（2）passionate adj. 热诚的，狂热的
酷爱……
（3）passionately adv. 充满热情地；激动地
【佳句】 Anton has had a consuming passion for science fiction ever since he was a pupil.
自从安东是一名小学生时，他就对科幻小说痴迷不已。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①I have a great passion English.
②Employees who are passionate their jobs tend to be more productive.
【写美】 一句多译
③他是一个非常棒的人，他激情四射地谈论科学。
→He was such a great guy and he .（passionately）
→He was such a great guy and he .（passion）
Part Ⅱ 重点句型解构
句型公式：强调句：It is/was＋被强调部分＋that/who＋句子其他成分
【教材原句】 These things were real， and it was within their reality that Cunningham saw both beauty and potential.这些东西是真实的，在这种真实中，坎宁安看到了美好和潜力。
【用法】
该句是强调句，强调的是地点状语within their reality。强调句需要注意以下几点：
（1）强调句的基本句型：It is/was＋被强调部分＋that/who＋句子其他成分。
（2）强调句的一般疑问句：Is/Was it ＋被强调部分＋that/who＋句子其他成分？
（3）强调句的特殊疑问句：疑问词＋is/was＋it＋that＋句子其他成分？
（4）not ... until ... 结构的强调句型：It is/was not until＋被强调部分＋that＋句子其他成分。
【品悟】 It was the kindness of people that lit the light of hope in this little boy’s heart.
正是人们的善良在这个小男孩的心中点亮了希望之光。
【点津】 It is/was ...that/who ...只是一个框架结构，不充当任何句子成分，所以去掉这个框架之后，剩下的部分仍能组成一个语法结构完整的句子。
【写美】 微写作
①就是在这一刻我意识到我不得不与我的学校、我的同学们和我的老师们说再见了。（心理描写）
I realize that I have to say good-bye to my school， my classmates and my teachers.
②正是幽默风趣的王老师让我喜欢上了物理课。
made me like physics class.
③是因为杰克上学迟到史密斯先生才生气的吗？
Mr Smith got angry？
④你是如何这么快完成这项任务的？
you managed to finish the task so quickly？
提示：完成课后作业 UNIT 2 Section Ⅰ
11 / 11Section Ⅳ Writing an expository essay
Step 1 品教材课文 Step 2 析写作手法
What do the Summer Palace， Yuanmingyuan and the Chengde Mountain Resort all have in common？ These Qing-dynasty architectural marvels， along with many others， were all built by members of the same family — the Lei family. For seven generations， the Lei family quietly dominated imperial architecture.Their designs were admirable， varying from grand buildings to public works， such as roads and dams.So incredible was their skill that many of their buildings survived earthquakes and remained standing over hundreds of years. The Lei family were also pioneering engineers， who used a grid system to plan their projects in minute detail.They took careful notes and made models of their projects， many of which have survived to this day and are registered as part of UNESCO’s Memory of the World Programme. In addition to their architectural achievements， the Lei family showed diligence and humility.Each generation conscientiously learnt their craft and undertook ambitious projects， many of which took years to complete.Yet they did not seek fame， and even today， their great works are associated more with the imperial court than with them. With their remarkable skills， innovation， diligence and humility， the Lei family leave behind their buildings and the legacy that true craftwork is a treasure that can last beyond a lifetime. Para.1 Person 文章首句使用疑问句开头，构成悬念，使读者带着问题往下阅读，引起读者注意，同时引出话题，即这些清代的建筑奇迹的建造者——雷氏家族。 Paras.2－4 Qualities and examples 文章的第二至四段讲述了雷氏家族的人物品质并举例进行了一一说明。第二段中使用了动词-ing短语varying from grand buildings to public works作状语；最后一句中使用了部分倒装句，使表达富有变化。第三段中第一句使用了who引导的定语从句描述了人物品质；第三段和第四段的第二句使用了“代词＋of＋关系代词”引导的非限制性定语从句进行举例说明。 Para.5 Conclusion 本段共有一句话，使用with介词短语概述了雷氏家族的人物品质；使用that引导的同位语从句得出结论。
Step 3 背出彩佳句
1.China has a history of more than five thousand years.As a result， there are many traditional arts that have been inherited， such as paper cutting.
中国有着五千多年的历史，因此，有许多传统艺术被传承下来，比如剪纸。
2.It is a kind of amazing art.People can use scissors to cut different shapes， like flowers and animals.
这是一种神奇的艺术。人们可以用剪刀剪出不一样的形状，比如花和动物。
3.For craftsmen， they need knives and gravers of various types to make complicated patterns.
对于工匠们来说，他们需要各种各样的刀具和雕刻刀来制作复杂的图案。
4.No mistake can be made during the process， otherwise the work would fail.
在这个过程中不能犯任何错误，否则工作将会失败。
5.We need to learn more about these traditional arts， so as to better preserve them.The school can open the courses to let students learn the arts.
我们需要更多地了解这些传统艺术，以便更好地保护它们。学校可以开设课程让学生学习这些艺术。
6.Since she graduated in 1995， she has been devoting herself to researching into the development of China’s high-speed railway.
自1995年毕业以来，她一直致力于中国高铁发展的研究。
7.Because of her outstanding contributions to our country， China is playing a leading role in high-speed railways all over the world.
由于她对国家的杰出贡献，中国在世界高速铁路领域中正处于领先地位。
8.Her hard work and dedication inspire us to keep on trying and stick to our dreams.
她的勤奋和奉献激励我们不断尝试，坚持我们的梦想。
根据下列汉语提示，写一篇说明文介绍“泥人张”。
1.“泥人张”制作的彩塑深受大家的欢迎。
2.张先生出生在一个贫困家庭，从小靠制作彩塑谋生。他很聪明、善于观察，且敢于打破常规去思考。他捏制出来的泥人个个非常生动。
3.经过数十年的辛勤努力，张先生共创作了一万多件作品。
4.张先生的工匠精神会永远流传下去。
一、审题谋篇，结构分明
第一段：简要介绍“泥人张”及其作品；
第二段：介绍“泥人张”成功的经历以及品质；
第三段：总结“泥人张”的工匠精神。
二、要点陈述，语言规范
1.“泥人张”制作的生动活泼的泥人深受人们的欢迎。（be popular with，非限制性定语从句）
2.张先生，出生在一个贫困家庭，靠制作泥人为生。（as a means of；earn one’s living）
3.张先生经常出入市场和剧院，观察各行各业的人们。（all walks of life，动词-ing短语作状语）
4.他很聪明，经常不拘一格地思考，这使他的泥人更加生动。 （think outside the box， vivid， 非限制性定语从句）
5.他大部分时间都在作坊里度过。
6.经过数十年的努力，张先生创作了一万多件作品。
7.泥人张的工匠精神会永远流传下去。（everlasting）
三、句间衔接，过渡自然
把要点3和4用适当的介词短语进行合理地过渡。
四、检查誊写，卷面整洁
动作描写 pose v.（使）摆好姿势 associate v.与……有关 dominate v.支配，控制，主宰
人物描写 sedately adv.安静地；慢悠悠地 modest adj.谦虚的，谦逊的 celebrity n.名人，明星 acclaim n.& v.表扬，赞赏 ambitious adj.宏大的，艰巨的
描述词汇 harsh adj.恶劣的，艰苦的，严峻的 prosperous adj.富裕的，繁荣的，兴旺的，发达的 painstaking adj.小心的；费尽心思的；精心的 precious adj.珍稀的；贵重的
请从以上语料中选择合适的词汇，并用适当的过渡词完成下面语段。
（母亲节的早餐）
看着早餐，母亲欣喜若狂。她想象着她的两个孩子付出了多么艰苦的努力，知道这对他们来说是一项艰巨的任务。没有什么比他们对她的感情和爱更珍贵的了。这对双胞胎急切地盯着她，希望听到她的赞扬。她坐在桌旁，咬了一口面包，摇了摇头，假装不喜欢食物。看到孩子们的表情后，她突然称赞道：“太棒了！我是世界上最幸福的母亲。”选择了一个美丽的姿势，他们拍了一张照片并将其发布在微博上。
提示：完成课后作业 UNIT 2 Section Ⅳ
4 / 4Section Ⅲ Developing ideas
MASTERS OF TIME
In the quiet courtyards of Xi San Suo， behind the high walls of the Forbidden City①， time ticks② at its own pace③.[1]If it hadn’t been for a three-episode documentary④， outsiders would never have known that the plainly-dressed⑤ people working here are masters of their craft， who have spent their lives restoring⑥ precious antiques.Among these is the clock restoration master，Wang Jin.
[1]本句使用了if引导的虚拟条件句，表示对过去事实的虚拟，从句用过去完成时，主句用would have done结构，主句中的that引导宾语从句；who引导定语从句，修饰先行词masters。
Walking through the seven crimson gates towards his workplace， Wang Jin still regards himself as⑦ an ordinary worker in the Palace Museum， although now he is often stopped by admirers wanting their photo taken with him.Day in， day out⑧， Mr Wang and his students spend their time restoring clocks dating back hundreds of years.But for quite some time， he and his student Qi Haonan used to be the only two people repairing timepieces in the Palace Museum.
Qing emperors⑨ were very fond of clocks.Therefore， in order to please them， foreign envoys presented these emperors with⑩ the most intricate and splendid timepieces.Today， the Palace Museum has one of the most significant collections of timepieces in the world， mainly originating from Europe and China.[2]With objects ranging from small pocket watches to clocks over one metre in height ， each of these requires its own unique method of restoration. Given the complexity of the work and the lack of necessary materials， this means that each expert can work on a maximum of two large pieces a year.But， through their painstaking efforts， Mr Wang and his students do more than repair the clocks — they bring them back to life .
The only sound to break the silence in Wang Jin’s workshop is the chiming melody of the repaired and polished clocks.To Wang Jin it is the most beautiful music in the world.Now， after eight months of endless adjustments ， the time has finally come for Mr Wang to wind up the gigantic clocks that date back to the time of Emperor Qianlong.The intricately fashioned objects that have stood still for centuries instantly come back to life： water flows， boats sail， dogs bark， chickens flap their wings and a woman starts to spin.It is a truly awe-inspiring moment.[3]It is suddenly clear that when the clock masters say that “these antiques have lives”， it is neither an exaggeration nor a metaphor.
[2]with复合结构作状语。
[3]本句为主从复合句。that引导主语从句，it作形式主语，在主语从句中，when引导时间状语从句；that引导宾语从句。
But， despite the combined work of several generations of masters， it seems unlikely that the restoration of the clocks will ever be complete.[4]Even if every clock in the Palace Museum were restored， there would still be work to do， because restoration would probably need to begin again on the clocks that were repaired long ago. This is a race against time that can never be won！ Nonetheless ， Mr Wang remains optimistic about the future of these timepieces.Following in the footsteps of his own teacher all those years ago， Mr Wang has now passed on his skills to the new members， who will take on many of the future repairs.What’s more， inspired to follow in his father’s footsteps， Mr Wang’s son now has also taken up repairing antique clocks.This new generation of artisans will not only help preserve traditional skills； the innovation they bring to the craft will also ensure that the art of clock repairing stands the test of time .
[5]In today’s fast-paced world， the saying that “time waits for no man ” has never seemed more apt .Yet inside the hidden courtyards of Xi San Suo， there is something timeless about the way Mr Wang and his colleagues sedately piece together the past with skilful hands and modest hearts.It is as if they have become one with their craft and with the history of the country.
[4]Even if引导让步状语从句；because引导原因状语从句，在此从句中that引导定语从句，在从句中作主语。
[5]“否定副词never/not＋形容词的比较级”结构表示最高级含义。
【读文清障】
①the Forbidden City 紫禁城
②tick v.发出滴答声；滴答地走时
③at its own pace 按照自己的节奏
④a three-episode documentary
一部三集的纪录片
⑤plainly-dressed adj.衣着朴素的
⑥restore v.整修，修复；使复原
restoration n.（旧建筑或旧家具等的）修复，整修
⑦regard ... as 把……看作……
⑧day in， day out
日复一日；夜以继日
⑨emperor n.皇帝
⑩present sb with ...
呈现给某人……
collection n.收藏品
originate from 起源于；发源于
object n.物体
range from ...to 范围从……到……；从……到……变化
in height 在高度上
given prep.鉴于
maximum n.最大量，最大值
a maximum of 最多
painstaking adj.小心的；费尽心思的；精心的
bring ...back to life
使……复活；使……恢复生机
break the silence 打破寂静
polish v.擦亮，擦光
adjustment n.调整
wind up 上紧（钟、表等的）发条
gigantic adj.巨大的，庞大的
date back to 追溯到……
combine v.使结合，使融合
nonetheless adv.然而，但是；尽管如此，虽然如此
pass on ...to 将……传给，递给
take on 承担；呈现；雇用
take up 从事
preserve v.维护，保护；保存
innovation n.创新
stand the test of time
经受时间的考验
time waits for no man
时间不等人
apt adj.适当的，恰当的
yet conj.然而，但是
timeless adj.永恒的，恒久的；永不过时的
sedately adv.安静地；慢悠悠地
modest adj.谦虚的，谦逊的
【参考译文】
时间大师
在紫禁城高墙内西三所安静的庭院里，时间按着自己的节奏流逝着。要不是那三集纪录片，外面的人永远也不会知道，在这里工作的那些衣着朴素的人竟然都是精于各门技艺的大师，他们毕生都在修复珍贵的古董。这其中便包括钟表修复大师王津。
王津穿过七重深红色的大门，走向自己的工作地点。尽管现在他经常被想和他合影的粉丝拦住，他仍然认为自己是故宫博物院的一名普通工人。王先生和他的学生们日复一日地修复着数百年前的钟表，但在过去相当长的一段时间里，故宫博物院修理钟表的工匠只有他和他的学生亓昊楠。
清朝的皇帝们十分喜欢钟表。因此，外国使节们把最精致、最华丽的钟表送给这些皇帝来取悦他们。如今，故宫博物院拥有一部分世界上最重要的钟表藏品，这些钟表主要来自欧洲和中国。小到怀表，大到超过一米高的钟表，每一件都有其独特的修复方法。工作的复杂性和必要材料的缺乏意味着每位专家每年最多只能修复两件大型钟表。但是，王先生和他的学生们通过艰苦的努力不只是修复了钟表——他们还让钟表恢复了生命。
在王津的工作坊里，唯一能打破寂静的声音是在修理、抛光钟表时发出的报时的旋律。对王津来说，这是世界上最美的音乐。经过八个月无休止的调整，王先生现在终于进行到了为乾隆皇帝时代的巨型钟表上弦的时候。那些已经静止了几个世纪的造型复杂的摆件瞬间复活了：水流动着，船航行着，狗吠叫着，鸡拍动着翅膀，一个女人纺着线。这真是一个令人惊叹的时刻。人们突然明白，当钟表大师们说“这些古董有生命”时，这既不是夸张，也不是比喻。
但是，尽管经过了几代大师的共同努力，钟表的修复似乎永远不可能完成。即使故宫博物院的每一件钟表都被修复了，仍然有工作要做，因为可能需要重新开始对很久以前修复的钟表进行修复。这是一场与时间的赛跑，却永远不可能赢！尽管如此，王先生对这些钟表的未来仍持乐观态度。多年前，王先生继承了师父的事业，而现在他已将自己的技艺传授给了将承担未来许多修复工作的新成员。更重要的是，在继承父业这一壮志的激励下，王先生的儿子现在也开始修复古董钟表。新一代的工匠不仅能够协助保留传统技艺，他们给技艺带来的创新也将确保钟表修复技术能够经得起时间的考验。
在当今快节奏的世界里，“时间不等人”的说法似乎再贴切不过了。然而，在西三所的隐秘庭院里，王先生和他的同事们用灵巧的双手和谦逊的心沉着地拼凑着过去，带来了永恒，好像他们已经与自己的技艺和这个国家的历史融为了一体。
第一步：析架构理清脉络
Read the passage quickly and then fill in the blanks.
第二步：知细节明察秋毫
Read the passage carefully and choose the best answers.
1.Why do many people want to take a photo with Wang Jin？（ ）
A.Because he is a famous film star.
B.Because people admire him for his work.
C.Because he is the director of the Palace Museum.
D.Because they want to make money by taking photos with him.
2.Why does it take a master too long to repair a large timepiece？（ ）
A.Because he isn’t very experienced.
B.Because the timepiece is too large.
C.Because it is difficult for him to find the problem.
D.Because the repair work is complex and necessary materials are in short.
3.What is Wang Jin’s attitude towards the future of the timepieces？ （ ）
A.Negative. B.Optimistic.
C.Worried. D.Indifferent.
4.Which of the following can best describe Wang Jin？ （ ）
A.Devoted and passionate.
B.Hard-working and caring.
C.Smart and skilled.
D.Patient and selfless.
第三步：拓思维品质提升
Discuss the following questions with your partner.
1.What’s your understanding of the sentence “This is a race against time that can never be won！”？
2.What can you do to pass on the traditional skills and spirits of craftsmanship？
第四步：析难句表达升级
1.If it hadn’t been for a three-episode documentary，outsiders would never have known that the plainly-dressed people working here are masters of their craft，who have spent their lives restoring precious antiques.
句式分析 本句使用了if引导的虚拟条件句，表示对过去事实的虚拟，从句用 ，主句用would have done结构，在主句中，that引导 从句，who引导 从句。
自主翻译
2.Among these is the clock restoration master，Wang Jin.
句式分析 本句为 句。
自主翻译 3.Walking through the seven crimson gates towards his workplace，Wang Jin still regards himself as an ordinary worker in the Palace Museum，although now he is often stopped by admirers wanting their photo taken with him.
句式分析 Walking through ... his workplace为动词-ing 短语作 ；although引导 从句。
自主翻译
4.It is suddenly clear that when the clock masters say that “these antiques have lives”，it is neither an exaggeration nor a metaphor.
句式分析 本句为主从复合句。It为 ，真正的主语为 ，在主语从句中，when引导 从句，neither ...nor连接并列的 语。
自主翻译
Part Ⅰ 核心词汇集释
originate from 起源于；发源于；来自……
【教材原句】 Today， the Palace Museum has one of the most significant collections of timepieces in the world， mainly originating from Europe and China.
如今，故宫博物院拥有一部分世界上最重要的钟表藏品，这些钟表主要来自欧洲和中国。
【用法】
（1）originate v. 起源，发源
originate in 产生于，归因于，起源于
（2）origin n. 起源，源头，起因
original adj. 原来的，最初的
originally adv. 原先，起初
【佳句】 All theories originate from practice and in turn serve practice.
任何理论都来源于实践，反过来为实践服务。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①Tan Dun adapted the （origin） Kun Opera and added his own work to these traditional pieces.
②The idea that originated his mind eventually led to a great innovation.
【写美】 补全句子
③The tradition .
这个传统起源于古代。
take on承担；呈现；雇用
【教材原句】 ...Mr Wang has now passed on his skills to the new members， who will take on many of the future repairs. ……现在王先生将自己的技艺传授给了将承担未来许多修复工作的新成员。
【用法】
take over 接受；接管
take down 记下；拆卸
take place 发生；进行；举行
take apart 拆卸；拆开
take in 吸收；欺骗；理解；领悟
【佳句】 He is always ready to take on heavy responsibilities.他一向乐于挑重担。
【助记】 Great changes have taken place since she took over the company.
自从她接管公司以来，发生了巨大变化。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①The company has been in good condition since it was taken by his youngest son.
②The old woman was taken by the false advertisement the other day.
【写美】 补全句子
③Diverse activities such as Reading Salon and Books Exchange on that day.
当天还举行了读书沙龙、图书交流等多种多样的活动。
associate v.与……有关；联系；联想；交往
【教材原句】 Yet they did not seek fame， and even today， their great works are associated more with the imperial court than with them.然而，他们并不追求名声，即使在今天，他们的伟大作品更多地与皇室联系在一起，而不是与他们联系在一起。
【用法】
（1）associate ...with ...把……与……联系起来
（2）associated adj. 有关联的；相关的
be associated with 与……有联系，与……有关
（3）association n. 联合，关联；联系；协会
in association with 与……联合；与……有关
【佳句】 It is very easy to memorize difficult words or sentences when they are associated with interesting things.
难记的单词或句子与一些有趣的事物联系起来时，记住它们就轻而易举了。
【生义】 associate还可用作形容词，意为“副的”。an associate director副主任。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①Associate positive-thinking people， and you are definitely going to achieve success.
【写美】 一句多译
②自制饺子往往与乡愁联系在一起，因为口味和馅料各家不同。
→Home-made dumplings ， as flavors and fillings vary from family to family.（associate）
→Home-made dumplings ， as flavors and fillings vary from family to family.（association）
leave behind 留下，遗留；抛下；把……抛在后面
【教材原句】 With their remarkable skills， innovation， diligence and humility， the Lei family leave behind their buildings and the legacy that true craftwork is a treasure that can last beyond a lifetime.凭借他们卓越的技能、创新、勤奋和谦逊，雷氏家族留下了他们的建筑和遗产，即真正的工艺是一种可以持续超越一生的财富。
【用法】
leave out 省去；遗漏；不考虑
leave aside 搁置一边；不予考虑
leave alone 不打扰；不干涉
leave off 停止（做某事）；中断
【佳句】 The other climbers were more experienced and I was worried I’d get left behind.
其他的登山者更富有经验。我担心自己会被落在后面。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①When the rain started to fall， they had no choice but to leave their picnic in the park.
②It makes no sense to try to persuade me， because I won’t listen. Leave me ！
【写美】 补全句子
③Whenever you say something， never .
无论何时你说些什么，一定要考虑别人的感受。
in light of 考虑到；鉴于
【教材原句】 It concludes by reviewing the main theme of the essay in light of all the evidence that has been presented.根据呈现的所有证据，它以回顾文章主题的方式结尾。
【用法】
make light of 对……不在乎；轻视
come to light 暴露；为人所知；变得众所周知
cast light on 使（问题等）较容易理解；阐明某事
bring ...to light 揭露；披露；暴露
be in one’s light 挡住某人的视线
【佳句】 In light of the recent economic situation， the company decided to adjust its strategy.
鉴于最近的经济形势，公司决定调整其战略。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①When the investigation was completed， many details that had been hidden before came light.
②We shouldn’t make light the problems that this plan will cause in the future.
【写美】 补全句子
③A recent research the cause of the disease.
一项最新研究阐明了这种疾病的原因。
Part Ⅱ 重点句型解构
句型公式：if引导的虚拟条件句
【教材原句】 If it hadn’t been for a three-episode documentary， outsiders would never have known that the plainly-dressed people working here are masters of their craft， who have spent their lives restoring precious antiques.要不是那三集纪录片，外面的人永远也不会知道，在这里工作的那些衣着朴素的人竟然都是精于各门技艺的大师，他们毕生都在修复珍贵的古董。
【用法】
事实情况 if条件从句 主句
与现在 事实相反 If＋主语＋动词的过去式（be动词用were） ... 主语＋should/would/might/could＋do ...
与过去 事实相反 If＋主语＋had＋done ... 主语＋should/would/might/could＋have done ...
与将来 事实相反 ①If＋主语＋were to do ... ②If＋主语＋should＋do ... ③If＋主语＋动词的过去式（be动词用were） ... 主语＋should/would/might/could＋do ...
【品悟】 If it hadn’t been for your help， I wouldn’t have finished the work on time.
如果不是你帮忙，我就不会按时完成工作。
【写美】 微写作/一句多译
①如果我是一名环卫工人，我会让我们的城市比以前更干净。（演讲稿）
If I ， I than before.
②如果你参考了那些失败的经验，就不会在考试中犯下这样的错误。
If you ， you such a mistake in the exam.
③如果今天下午下雨，篮球赛就会推迟。（告知信）
→If it this afternoon， the basketball match would be put off.
→If it this afternoon， the basketball match would be put off.
→If it this afternoon， the basketball match would be put off.
句型公式：完全倒装句
【教材原句】 Among these is the clock restoration master，Wang Jin.
这其中便包括钟表修复大师王津。
【用法】
本句是一个由表示地点的介词短语开头的完全倒装句。为了保持句子平衡或使上下文衔接紧密，有时可将状语或表语置于句首，句中的主语和谓语完全倒装。在表语置于句首的这类倒装结构中，要注意其中的谓语应与其后的主语保持一致，而不是与位于句首的表语保持一致。
【品悟】 Among the stars shines a bright one， like a guiding light.在群星之中闪耀着一颗明亮的星星，如同一盏指路明灯。
【写美】 微写作
①在街道的尽头矗立着一座宏伟的建筑。
At the end of the street .
②在这个城市的西部有一个公园，它每年吸引上百万的游客。（告知信）
In the west of the city ， attracting millions of visitors every year.
提示：完成课后作业 UNIT 2 Section Ⅲ
9 / 9UNIT 2 A life’s work
单元话题导入
本单元主要介绍了历史上不同时期不同领域的杰出人物在各自的职业生涯中对于工匠精神的理解和践行。通过了解这些名人的事迹，学习他们的工匠精神，克服困难，迎接挑战，培养钻研探索的精神，发现自己的人生价值，用持之以恒的精神实现人生理想。
看图感悟语境，选词填空。
devote， overcome， pursuit， representative， be used for， at the cost of
1.To do one thing a lifetime is a kind of true greatness.
2.The ultimate craftsman’s spirit supports the steady progress in the of dreams.
3.Through intense effort， Yuan Longping enormous technical difficulties to develop the first hybrid rice that could farming in 1974.
4.Wu Mengchao is one of the large numbers of scientific workers that have their lives to their researches.
1 / 1Section Ⅱ Using language
表语从句
①This devotion and hard work is what we see reflected within his photos.
②This is what makes them so special.
③A simple restaurant was where he usually had the same meal of sausages， eggs and coffee.
④Bill Cunningham was an observer， and not one of the observed， a worker not a star — and this was how he wanted it.
【我的发现】
1.根据句①、②可知，连接 引导表语从句时要在从句中充当成分。
2.根据句③、④可知，连接 引导表语从句时往往在从句中充当状语。
一、表语从句概述
用来作表语的从句叫作表语从句，说明主语是什么或者怎么样。放在系动词之后，一般结构是“主语＋系动词＋关联词＋表语从句”。可以接表语从句的连系动词有be， seem， look， sound， taste， feel， remain， appear等。
二、表语从句的引导词及其用法
类别 连接词 例句
从属连词 that在从句中不充当句子成分，没有任何意义，只起连接作用，通常不可省略。 The trouble is that I have lost his address. 麻烦是我把他的地址弄丢了。
whether在从句中不充当句子成分，但有“是否”之意，一般不用if代替。 The question， however， is whether this is what the developing countries need the most. 然而，问题是这是否是发展中国家最需要的。
连接代词 who，whom，whose，what，which，whoever， whatever，whichever等在从句中充当主语、宾语、表语或定语。 The problem is who is really fit for the hard job. 问题是谁能真正适合做这份艰苦的工作。 This is what I am interested in. 这就是我所感兴趣的。
连接副词 when，where，why，how，whenever，wherever等在从句中作状语。 That’s where I can’t agree with you. 那是我不能同意你的地方。 The last time we had great fun was when we were visiting the Water Park. 上一次我们玩得很开心是我们参观水上乐园的时候。
其他连接词 because，as if/though等。as if/though引导的表语从句常置于系动词look， seem， sound， be， become等后面。because引导的表语从句常见于This/That/It is/was because ...句型中。 It’s just because he doesn’t know her. 这仅仅是因为他不认识她。 Now it seems as though she had known Millie for years. 如今看来她好像已经认识米莉许多年了。
三、表语从句用虚拟语气的情况
如果主句的主语是advice， demand， order， suggestion， requirement， request， command等时，表语从句用虚拟语气，谓语形式是“（should＋）动词原形”，should可以省略。
My advice is that you （should） practise speaking English as often as possible.
我的建议是你应该尽可能经常地练习说英语。
【即时演练】 单句语法填空/补全句子
①He didn’t attend school yesterday， and that’s he got a toothache.
②One of the great things about living in China is convenient it is to travel to different places.
③The question is I can persuade him to give up the foolish idea.
④The best moment for the football star was he scored the winning goal.
⑤Modesty is a kind of good quality， which is it takes to be your personal best.
⑥The reason why Tom failed in the exam was he didn’t work hard.
⑦Everybody makes mistakes； that’s .
每个人都会犯错；这就是为什么他们把橡皮擦放在铅笔上。
⑧ someone is knocking at the door.
听起来好像有人在敲门。
⑨Look at her face. It she has done a great thing.
瞧她的脸。看起来她好像做了一件大事。
⑩What he wants to know is by tomorrow morning.
他想知道的是我们能否在明天早上之前完成工作。
trial n.试验；试用；考验；审讯，审理
【教材原句】 ... Ruth managed to grow them by much trial and error.
……鲁丝经过反复试验，终于把它们培育出来了。
【用法】
by trial and error 反复试验（以得出最佳结果）
come to trial 开庭审理
on trial 在受审；在试验中；在试用期
【佳句】 Helen Keller ever wrote in her article that only through experiences of trial and suffering can success be achieved.
海伦·凯勒曾在她的文章中写道，只有通过考验和苦难的经历才能获得成功。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①We go through all the （trial） and hardships that come with family life.
②We have full confidence in solving this problem trial and error.
【写美】 补全句子
③He is currently for drunk driving in that court.
他目前正在那个法庭接受酒后驾车的审判。
contribute to 有助于；促成；导致；捐献
【教材原句】 In addition to new stage designs and singing styles， his innovations in make-up and costume design allowed for more vivid depictions of female characters.This contributed greatly to the development of Peking Opera.除了新的舞台设计和演唱风格，他在化妆和服装设计方面的创新使女性角色的刻画更为生动。这极大地促进了京剧的发展。
【用法】
（1）contribute v. 做贡献，捐献；是……的原因；撰稿
contribute ...to ... 为……捐献……；为……写稿
（2）contribution n. 贡献；捐助
make contributions/a contribution to ... 为……做出贡献
【佳句】 Doing small things well contributes to building up our confidence and helping us meet bigger challenges in the future.
把小事做好有助于增强我们的自信心并帮助我们迎接未来更大的挑战。
【练透】 语境辨义/单句语法填空
①Fresh air and exercise contribute to good health.
②It is an honour to be invited to contribute to your magazine.
③Wolko made outstanding （contribution） to children’s medicine.
【写美】 翻译句子
④提前了解唐朝的历史有助于你理解这篇文章。
提示：完成课后作业 UNIT 2 Section Ⅱ
3 / 3单元素养提升
◇本单元语法学了什么内容？ ◇自我评价
◇本单元写作练了哪个方面？
回顾单元知识·提高语言能力
一、核心单词
1. v.（使）摆好姿势
2. n.食品杂货店
3. n.名人，明星
4. n.试验
5. n.氢
6. adj.珍稀的；贵重的
7. n.古董，古玩，古物
8. v.擦亮，擦光
9. v.（狗）吠叫
10. n.短文，论说文
11. v.包括，由……构成
Ⅰ.选用上面单词并用其适当形式填空
1.The organization， of many dedicated individuals， has achieved remarkable success.
2.He wrote an that described his adventures in a foreign land， and it received high praise.
3.Addicted to playing computer games， they waste a lot of time.
4.The celebrities for a group photograph before the hall gate.
5.You can have the equipment on a basis， and if you don’t like it you can give it back.
6.This ， dating back to 2，000 years ago， is preserved well in the Palace Museum.
二、拓展单词
1. n.时尚→fashionable adj.流行的，时兴的
2. n.着迷，迷恋→fascinate v.深深吸引；迷住→fascinated adj.着迷的；极感兴趣的→fascinating adj.迷人的
3. adj.不复杂的，简单的；单纯的→complicated adj.复杂的
4. n.（旧建筑或旧家具等的）修复，整修→restore v.恢复，使复原
5. n.最大量，最大值→maximize v.最大化
6. v.维护，保护；保存→preservation n.保护，维护；保存
7. adj.谦虚的，谦逊的→modesty n.谦虚，谦逊
8. v.支配，控制，主宰→domination n.控制；统治→ dominant adj.占支配地位的
9. n.建筑风格，建筑设计→architect n.建筑师→architectural adj.建筑学的，建筑方面的
10. adj.宏大的，艰巨的→ambition n.雄心，志向，抱负→ambitiously adv.有抱负地，雄心壮志地
11. v.与……有关→association n.联系，关联→associated adj.有联系的，有关联的
12. n.分析→analyse v.分析
Ⅱ.用所给单词的适当形式填空
1.They believe a fundamental change in the （associate） is the key to all other necessary changes.
2.The old building is in a good state of （preserve） except for the wooden floors.
3.To achieve our （ambition） goal， we should make full use of our collective wisdom.
4.Convinced of the accuracy of the （analyse）， they decided to stick to their plan.
5.The museum has a （fascinate） collection of exhibits ranging from Iron Age pottery to Inuit clothing.
6.She always dresses in a （fashion） way that makes her stand out in the crowd.
7.The new technology has become the （dominate） force in the industry.
三、重点短语
1. 属于
2. 对……挚爱/忠诚/奉献
3. 休假，休息；脱掉（衣服）
4. 而不是
5. 缺少，缺乏
6. 关注
7. 去世
8. 夜以继日，日复一日
9. 起源于，发源于
10. 从……到……变化
11. 使……复活，使……恢复生机
12. 既不……也不……
13. 将……传给，递给
14. 承担；雇用
15. 从事
Ⅲ.选用上面短语并用其适当形式填空
1.He has such a strong his work that he often sacrifices his personal time.
2.The father his coat as an umbrella to protect his daughter from the rain.
3.It is said that Bian Que was as effective as God， the dying .
4.Having read the book， she will be able to the acquired knowledge trainee teachers.
5.All carbohydrates plants， which is a common sense.
6.You will break down if you more work than you can.
四、经典句式
1.if引导的虚拟条件句
（要不是那三集纪录片，外面的人永远也不会知道） that the plainly-dressed people working here are masters of their craft， who have spent their lives restoring precious antiques.
2.完全倒装句
（这其中便包括钟表修复大师），Wang Jin.
3.neither ...nor ...连接并列成分
It is suddenly clear that when the clock masters say that “these antiques have lives”， （这既不是夸张，也不是比喻）.
Ⅳ.句式仿写
1.If his experiences then ， it a moving book.
如果当时他的经历被记录下来，无疑会成为一本感人的书。
2.Among these people at that time.
当时他的朋友吉姆就在这群人当中。
3. the reason why she doesn’t turn up.
学生和老师都不知道她没到场的原因。
整合话题元素·增强思维品质
一、人生信念
1.fashionable adj. 时尚的
2.simple adj. 简单的
3.uncomplicated adj. 不复杂的，简单的；单纯的
4.special adj. 特别的，特殊的
5.integrity n. 正直；诚实
6.freedom n. 自由
7.promotion n. 提升，晋升
8.enable v. 使能够
9.capture v. 捕捉
10.passion n. 激情，热情
11.high society 上流社会
12.big brands 大品牌
13.regardless of 不管，不顾
14.take off 请假
15.not once 从未，从来没有
16.approach to 做……的方法（或途径）
17.rather than 而不是
18.lack of 缺少，缺乏
19.self-interest 自身利益
二、工匠精神
1.fascination n. 着迷，迷恋
2.dedication n. 奉献，献身
3.devotion n. 忠诚，奉献
4.preserve v. 维护，保护；保存
5.founder n. 发起人，创建者
6.whole-heartedly adv. 全心全意地
7.endure v. 忍受
8.refuse v. 拒绝
9.back down 退让；认输
10.responsibility n. 责任
11.perseverance n. 毅力
12.put ...into ... 把……投入……
13.devote to 献身于
14.focus on/upon 致力于，专注于
15.extreme conditions 恶劣的条件
16.keep on 坚持
17.conduct scientific research 进行科学研究
18.think outside the box 不拘一格地思考，跳出框框思考
19.seek no fame 不求名利
20.shun the spotlight 避开聚光灯
21.with great resolution 下很大的决心
22.overcome harsh conditions 克服艰苦的环境
三、人生意义
1.spread n. 传播
2.celebrated adj. 著名的，闻名的
3.start n. 开端
4.award v. 授予，奖励
5.extraordinary adj. 非凡的，特别的
6.contribution n. 贡献
7.breakthrough n. 突破
8.remarkable adj. 非凡的；卓越的
9.achievement n. 成就
10.respected adj. 备受尊重的
11.accomplish v. 完成
12.highly adv. 高度地
13.fast-track v. 加快……的进程
14.prosperous adj. 富裕的，繁荣的，兴旺的，发达的
15.more than 不仅仅
16.contribute to 有助于；促成；导致；捐献
17.of all time 有史以来
18.break new ground 开辟新的领域
19.lead to 引起，导致
20.play a key role in 在……中扮演重要角色
4 / 5学习讲义部分
UNIT 1 Face values
单元话题导入
1.appearance； inner 2.loyalty； challenges； selfless
Section Ⅰ Starting out & Understanding ideas
【文本透析·剖语篇】
第一步
1.plain-looking 2.addicted 3.confidence 4.misjudge
5.care about 6.worthless 7.overlooked 8.bothered
9.beauty 10.being healthy
第二步
1－4 DCBC
第三步
1.Both of them are important， but inner beauty is more important.As we all know， external beauty will fade with time passing by， but inner beauty lasts long.
2.Being healthy， energetic， happy， and positive.
第四步
1.（1）I’m a girl who’d love to look good.Well，who wouldn’t？
（2）It felt bizarre at first.I didn’t like being reviewed from head to toe.
（3）I realised that my health， mental and physical，is the most important thing.
2.（1）People who pretend to be someone they are not tend to misjudge themselves.
（2）Although she’s larger than most other models， she’s really attractive and has the confidence to be herself — even in an industry full of beauty stereotypes.
第五步
1.that 主语 表语
爸爸觉得我太自恋，但我的解释是，我的照片没伤害其他人，有谁在乎呢？
2.定语 定语 that
那些把自己包装成别人的人，只会对自己产生错误的判断。
3.表语 非限制性定语
那就是我永远无法理解我姐姐的原因，她有17支口红，每天早上都不知道该用哪支好。
4.主语 宾语 定语 宾语
我真正钦佩她的一点是，她认可健康的身体不仅使我们更美丽，而且更快乐！
【核心知识·巧突破】
核心词汇集释
1.①to be ②to learn ③Many farmers desire that the present policy （should） not be changed. It is many farmers’ desire that the present policy （should） not be changed.
2.①to be ②to be doing ③to have grasped ④not to have known
3.①往往会 ②照顾，照料 ③tends to get things done creatively； has a tendency to get things done creatively
4.①in ②identically ③are identical to/with
5.①with ②impressive ③were impressed at/with/by； made/left/had a deep impression on
6.①to recover ②to protect ③spares no effort to raise
7.①花费时间精力（做某事） ②打扰，烦扰 ③asking
④to correct ⑤put you to any bother； bother you
8.①being defeated/having been defeated ②was widely acknowledged as/to be； It is widely acknowledged that
重点句型解构
1.That was why he was late for work； That was because he overslept this morning； The reason why Tom was late for work
2.①It is five years since ②Ever since then I haven’t found any time to go skating ③自从我离开这家公司已经三年多了。
Section Ⅱ Using language
【重难语法·要攻克】
我的发现
1.连接代词 宾语 2.it
即时演练1
①that ②whether/if ③that ④Whether ⑤whether/if
即时演练2
①what ②Which ③Why ④how you’re dressed
⑤Where the English evening party will be held
⑥Whoever wants to go climbing
即时演练3
①has ②is ③are
【知识要点·须拾遗】
①on ②assumed ③that
④Assuming （that） I am chosen to be chairman
Section Ⅲ Developing ideas
【文本透析·剖语篇】
第一步
1.captured 2.mercy 3.death 4.sadness 5.rescued
第二步
1－4 CBAA
第三步
Only Esmeralda would take pity on him and bring water to Quasimodo’s lips who cried out for thirst.Esmeralda made him feel the warmth of the human heart for the first time.From then on， he put all his life and passion for Esmeralda.He would go through fire and water for her and sacrifice everything for her happiness.
第四步
1.时间状语
每一刻，随着埃斯梅拉达的目光从卡西莫多的弯腿移到驼背，再从他的驼背移到独眼上，她都在他身上发现一些新的毛病。
2.倒装
我从来没像现在这般明白自己的丑陋。
3.宾语 原因状语
我不知道我是什么，因为我比卵石还要粗硬、受压迫、不显眼！
【核心知识·巧突破】
核心词汇集释
1.①merciful ②to ③at the mercy of the weather
2.①to ②announce sentence on
3.①to compete ②in ③attempted to impress； made an attempt to impress/at impressing
重点句型解构
1.①followed by her little daughter ②Encouraged by his uncle
2.①can we make a difference ②can practicing Chinese kungfu build up one’s strength but also ③do some people attach to satisfying their own needs
Section Ⅳ Writing about a literary work
【演练佳作·写美文】
写作步骤
二、1.The novel The Million Pound Bank Note was written by Mark Twain.
2.He is a great American writer.
3.Through his humorous and sarcastic language， Mark Twain successfully depicted an unbelievable adventure of Henry Adams， a penniless American in London.
4.Two rich brothers in London have a bet on Henry and want to see what will become of him a month later if they give him a million pound bank note which can’t be cashed for even a penny.
5.A month later， Henry is neither starved nor arrested.
6.Henry becomes a millionaire dramatically.
7.He even wins the love of a pretty lady.
8.One obvious theme of the novel is the criticism of the money worship.
9.In the story， it also reveals the ridiculous British society at that time.
三、1.The novel The Million Pound Bank Note was written by Mark Twain， a great American writer.
2.A month later， Henry is neither starved nor arrested， but becomes a millionaire dramatically.
四、
The novel The Million Pound Bank Note was written by Mark Twain， a great American writer.Through his humorous and sarcastic language， Mark Twain successfully depicted an unbelievable adventure of Henry Adams， a penniless American in London.
Two rich brothers in London have a bet on Henry and want to see what will become of him a month later if they give him a million pound bank note which can’t be cashed for even a penny.A month later， Henry is neither starved nor arrested， but becomes a millionaire dramatically.What’s more， he even wins the love of a pretty lady.
One obvious theme of the novel is the criticism of the money worship.In the story， it also reveals the ridiculous British society at that time.
【教材词汇·练续写】
The little girl was playing intently when a dog ran over.She cried out with fright at the sight of the dog.The dog was as frightful to the timid girl as a monster.Sensing the profound fright from her expressions，he tried to comfort the little girl.He hugged the girl，drove away the dog and wiped her tears with tenderness.In fact，he was just pretending not to fear.When the mother of the girl knew about what he had done，she exclaimed，“Thank you so much！” She offered to repay him，but he refused.
单元素养提升
回顾单元知识
一、1.self-critical 2.boost 3.pretend 4.dormitory
5.overlook 6.bother 7.pill 8.welfare 9.accent
10.immense 11.resemble 12.repay
Ⅰ.1.overlooked 2.pretended 3.welfare 4.pills 5.bothers
二、1.acknowledge 2.identical 3.saving 4.psychology 5.finding 6.novelist 7.comprehension 8.motive
Ⅱ.1.comprehension 2.novelists 3.psychologist
4.acknowledgement 5.finding
三、1.tend to 2.a desire for 3.lose weight 4.be surprised at 5.come across 6.a lack of 7.keep fit 8.leave an impression on 9.with confidence 10.transform ...into
11.regard ...as 12.in reality 13.in silence 14.adjust to 15.attempt to do
Ⅲ.1.transformed into 2.a lack of 3.adjust to 4.tend to
5.in silence 6.a desire for
四、1.That’s why
2.It’s true that inner beauty is very important
3.Ever since I was little
4.Published in 1831
5.Never have I viewed
Ⅳ.1.that’s why I’m writing to voice my opinion
2.It is clear that
3.Ever since we met
4.Founded in 1636
5.Not once have they quarrelled
UNIT 2 A life’s work
单元话题导入
1.at the cost of 2.pursuit 3.overcame； be used for
4.representative； devoted
Section Ⅰ Starting out & Understanding ideas
【文本透析·剖语篇】
第一步
1.photographers 2.fashion 3.uncomplicated 4.benefits
5.photo
第二步
1－4 CACD
第三步
1.In my opinion， he would like to live a simple life and didn’t value money and devoted all his life to his beloved career — photography.
2.As far as I’m concerned， I would like to write about his devotion to photography， because we can learn from his dedication and build ourselves into useful individuals for our country and our society.
第四步
（1）A white-haired old man riding an ordinary bicycle around the streets of New York，always wearing the same blue worker’s jacket and simple black running shoes.
（2）Cunningham would go out onto the streets of New York each and every day， regardless of the weather.
第五步
1.让步状语 定语
虽然他总是知道时尚聚会和大型活动举办的地点，但无论是对于在贫穷的布朗克斯拍摄普通人，还是在富裕的曼哈顿拍摄贵宾，他都同样喜欢。
2.主语 定语
此外，坎宁安的伟大之处还在于他对摄影的奉献精神，以及他在工作中投入的大量时间和精力。
3.表语
他经常到一家简单的餐馆吃同样的食物，有香肠、鸡蛋和咖啡。
4.让步状语 定语
他珍视自己的正直，不为任何人所动摇，无论提供给他多少免费衣物或远程航班。
【核心知识·巧突破】
核心词汇集释
1.①from； to ②beyond ③and ④a wide range of
2.①fascinating ②fascinated ③to collect
3.①of ②fashionable ③in fashion； fashionable
4.①to ②devotion ③writing ④devoted ⑤devotion to； is devoted to； devotes herself to
5.①up ②aside ③off ④into
6.①n.方法 ②v.靠近 ③v.处理，对付 ④solving ⑤With the approach of the exam； With the exam approaching
7.①for ②about ③talked about science passionately； talked about science with passion
重点句型解构
①It is at this moment that ②It was the humorous Mr Wang who/that ③Was it because Jack came late for school that ④How was it that
Section Ⅱ Using language
【重难语法·要攻克】
我的发现
1.代词 2.副词
即时演练
①because ②how ③whether ④when ⑤what
⑥that ⑦why they put erasers on pencils ⑧It sounds as if ⑨seems as if/though ⑩whether we can finish our work
【知识要点·须拾遗】
1.①trials ②by ③on trial
2.①有助于 ②投稿 ③contributions ④Learning about the history of the Tang Dynasty in advance contributes to your understanding of this essay.
Section Ⅲ Developing ideas
【文本透析·剖语篇】
第一步
1.masters 2.maximum 3.endless 4.skills 5.modest
第二步
1－4 BDBA
第三步
1.The work of repairing clocks is full of difficulties.Sometimes even the difficulties can not be solved， but we must dare to face them and move forward bravely.
2.We need to carry on the fine traditions of our teachers.Training a new generation of craftsmen will not only help preserve the traditional skills， but their innovations will also ensure that their work will stand the test of time.
第四步
1.过去完成时 宾语 定语
要不是那三集纪录片，外面的人永远也不会知道，在这里工作的那些衣着朴素的人竟然都是精于各门技艺的大师，他们毕生都在修复珍贵的古董。
2.完全倒装
这其中便包括钟表修复大师王津。
3.状语 让步状语
王津穿过七重深红色的大门，走向自己的工作地点。尽管现在他经常被想和他合影的粉丝拦住，他仍然认为自己是故宫博物院的一名普通工人。
4.形式主语 that引导的主语从句 时间状语 表
人们突然明白，当钟表大师们说“这些古董有生命”时，这既不是夸张，也不是比喻。
【核心知识·巧突破】
核心词汇集释
1.①original ②in ③originated from ancient times
2.①over ②in ③took place
3.①with ②are often associated with homesickness； are often in association with homesickness
4.①off ②alone ③leave out/aside the others’ feelings
5.①to ②of ③has cast light on
重点句型解构
1.①were a dustman； would make our city cleaner ②had referred to those failed experiences； would not have made ③rained； should rain； were to rain
2.①stands a magnificent building ②lies a park
Section Ⅳ Writing an expository essay
【演练佳作·写美文】
写作步骤
二、1.The vivid clay figures， which were made by “Clay Figure Zhang”， were very popular with people.
2.Mr Zhang， born into a poor family， made clay figures as a means of earning a living.
3.Mr Zhang was often in the markets and theatres， observing people from all walks of life.
4.He was so intelligent and often thought outside the box， which made his clay figures more vivid.
5.He spent most of his time in the workshop.
6.Through his hard work of several decades， Mr Zhang created more than ten thousand works.
7.Clay Figure Zhang’s spirit of craftsmanship will stay everlasting.
三、Mr Zhang was often in the markets and theatres， observing people from all walks of life.In addition， he was so intelligent and often thought outside the box， which made his clay figures more vivid.
四、
The vivid clay figures， which were made by “Clay Figure Zhang”， were very popular with people.
Mr Zhang， born into a poor family， made clay figures as a means of earning a living.Mr Zhang was often in the markets and theatres， observing people from all walks of life.In addition， he was so intelligent and often thought outside the box， which made his clay figures more vivid.He spent most of his time in the workshop.Through his hard work of several decades， Mr Zhang created more than ten thousand works.
Clay Figure Zhang’s spirit of craftsmanship will stay everlasting.
【教材词汇·练续写】
Looking at the breakfast，the mother was dominated with profound happiness.She imagined what painstaking efforts her two children had made，knowing it’s an ambitious task for them.Nothing was more precious than their affection and love for her.The twins were eagerly staring at her， hoping to hear her acclaim.She sat at the table，took a bite of the bread and shook her head，pretending she didn’t like the food.After seeing the expressions of her children，she suddenly acclaimed，“Excellent！I’m the happiest mother in the world.” Choosing a beautiful pose， they took a photograph and posted it on the blog.
单元素养提升
回顾单元知识
一、1.pose 2.grocery 3.celebrity 4.trial 5.hydrogen 6.precious 7.antique 8.polish 9.bark 10.essay 11.comprise
Ⅰ.1.comprised 2.essay 3.precious 4.posed 5.trial 6.antique
二、1.fashion 2.fascination 3.uncomplicated
4.restoration 5.maximum 6.preserve 7.modest
8.dominate 9.architecture 10.ambitious 11.associate
12.analysis
Ⅱ.1.association 2.preservation 3.ambitious 4.analysis
5.fascinating 6.fashionable 7.dominant
三、1.belong to 2.devotion to 3.take off 4.rather than 5.lack of 6.focus on 7.pass away 8.day in， day out 9.originate from 10.range from ...to 11.bring ...back to life 12.neither ...nor 13.pass on ...to 14.take on
15.take up
Ⅲ.1.devotion to 2.took off 3.bringing； back to life
4.pass on； to 5.originate from 6.take on
四、1.If it hadn’t been for a three-episode documentary， outsiders would never have known
2.Among these is the clock restoration master
3.it is neither an exaggeration nor a metaphor
Ⅳ.1.had been recorded； would undoubtedly have made
2.was his friend Jim
3.Neither the students nor the teacher knows
UNIT 3 War and peace
单元话题导入
1.Despite； are involved in 2.invade； regardless of
3.sacrificed； condemn
Section Ⅰ Starting out & Understanding ideas
【文本透析·剖语篇】
第一步
1.background 2.order 3.stage 4.outcome 5.brave
第二步
1－5 CBADB
第三步
1.It mainly describes the violence of the D-Day landings and the brave acts the Allied troops performed in the fighting.
2.I admire the Allied soldiers’ outstanding acts of courage and as students， we should love peace and keep peace.
第四步
（1）The enemy were hiding， ready to attack the Allied soldiers even before they reached land.
（2）As part of this solemn and moving occasion， a former soldier read out to the crowd these lines from the poem For the Fallen， by Laurence Binyon： ...
第五步
1.定语
这标志着一场计划了数月，甚至可能是数年的绝密行动终于进入了最后阶段。
2.宾语 主语 伴随状语
盟军士兵耳中回荡着这些话语，做好了登陆诺曼底的准备。
3.并列 省略 定语 those
船被击翻，一些人落水而亡，而那些成功登陆的人面对的则是机关枪的猛烈扫射。
4.定语 Germany
之后盟军准备进攻德国，而苏联军队也正从德国东部攻入，两军相遇。
5.定语 定语
70年后，曾在诺曼底登陆中奋战的将士聚集在英吉利海峡两岸，人们共同参加纪念仪式。
【核心知识·巧突破】
核心词汇集释
1.①under the king’s direct command ②have a good command of ③The leader commanded that all the members （should） be committed to the rescue work.
2.①like ②nothing but ③She was nothing more than an ordinary people.
3.①to talk ②in ③have made preparations for； have prepared for； have been prepared for
4.①solving ②to ③objected to pretending； had a strong objection to pretending
5.①memorize ②for ③which was really a memorable experience for me
重点句型解构
①each equipped with the newest computers
②tears of happiness and gratitude welling up in his eyes
③There being no buses
Section Ⅱ Using language
【重难语法·要攻克】
我的发现
1.单 复 2.复
即时演练1
①owns ②are ③is ④were seeking ⑤is
即时演练2
①are listening not speaking ②are against it ③is a long time in one’s life ④was left on the bus
【知识要点·须拾遗】
1.①removal ②to ③has completely removed my doubts
2.①basic ②is based on； is on the basis of
Section Ⅲ Developing ideas
【文本透析·剖语篇】
第一步
1.What is real war 2.Lianda 3.conditions 4.contributions 5.glory
第二步
1－4 ACCB
第三步
1.It mainly tells us a product of the war， Lianda， which made great contributions to the resistance against Japanese aggression.
2.We should learn the strong spirit of perseverance and dedication from Lianda， protect our motherland and love peace.
第四步
1.让步状语 强调句
然而，尽管面临着巨大的困难和艰巨的挑战，在这个地方，经过八年漫长的岁月，国家的知识遗产不仅得到了保护，还得到了强化，这些都归功于联大杰出学者们的热情和信念。
2.主语 形式主语
难怪即使不是大多数，但也有许多中国领先的学者和科学家都是联大出身，包括两位诺贝尔奖得主，物理学家杨振宁和李政道。
【核心知识·巧突破】
核心词汇集释
1.①参考 ②提及 ③指的是 ④reference ⑤refer to me as
2.①off ②out ③lay aside our prejudices
3.①hold on ②hold out ③Having been held up by the traffic； couldn’t hold back his anger
4.①for ②with ③fight back tears
5.For lack of cooking experience； they lacked cooking experience
6.①broke down ②break in ③break out ④break away from farming
重点句型解构
1.①not only learn the importance of teamwork but also
②likes the film ③Not only do oceans provide abundant resources and food for us
2.①it is no wonder that ②It has been calculated that
③it is important that you make the most of our school resources
Section Ⅳ Writing about a war hero
【演练佳作·写美文】
写作步骤
二、1.Zhao Yiman was born in Yibin County， Sichuan Province in 1905.
2.She became a member of the Communist Party of China in 1926.
3.After the September 18th Incident， she went to north-east China to join the anti-Japanese troops，fighting guerrilla wars against the Japanese invaders.
4.In 1935， a large number of Japanese troops surrounded her men.
5.Zhao Yiman offered to cover the main troop to break through the encirclement，but was captured unfortunately.
6.Japanese used the cruellest punishment to force Zhao Yiman to reveal useful intelligence， but in vain.
7.So the Japanese killed her.
8.Zhao’s death was a huge blow to the anti-Japanese troops，but boosted morale of the soldiers to fight fiercely against the Japanese invaders.
三、Zhao Yiman， who was born in Yibin County，Sichuan Province in 1905， became a member of the Communist Party of China in 1926.
四、
Zhao Yiman， who was born in Yibin County，Sichuan Province in 1905， became a member of the Communist Party of China in 1926.
After the September 18th Incident， she went to north-east China to join the anti-Japanese troops， fighting guerrilla wars against the Japanese invaders. In 1935， a large number of Japanese troops surrounded her men.Zhao Yiman offered to cover the main troop to break through the encirclement， but was captured unfortunately. Japanese used the cruellest punishment to force Zhao Yiman to reveal useful intelligence， but in vain.So the Japanese killed her in public.
Zhao’s death was a huge blow to the anti-Japanese troops，but boosted morale of the soldiers to fight fiercely against the Japanese invaders.
【教材词汇·练续写】
On a misty August morning， we headed out for our one-week adventure.We had prepared for it for 3 days， so we had confidence in this adventure.During the first two days， we enjoyed the cool breeze and the fantastic coastline.Then， the rough roads made the adventure harder.Sleeping in the wild was such a horror that we couldn’t help recalling the beds at home.While crossing a lake， one of us was almost drowned.We got to doubt whether we could make it to the destination.At last， we got lost in the forest and returned home with the help of rescuers.Today， while telling the story， nobody can depict the adventure as a glory.
单元素养提升
回顾单元知识
一、1.objective 2.coastline 3.tank 4.recall 5.barely 6.memorial 7.outstanding 8.uniform 9.bomb
10.friction 11.weapon 12.academic 13.emerge
14.representative 15.sum 16.grain
Ⅰ.1.emerged 2.outstanding 3.barely 4.academic
5.representatives 6.recalled 7.objective 8.memorial 9.sum
二、1.violent 2.horror 3.liberate 4.stability
5.aggression 6.intellectual 7.invader 8.glory
9.dedication 10.relevant
Ⅱ.1.glorious 2.violence 3.liberation 4.intellectually 5.dedication 6.stability 7.relevance 8.invasion
三、1.be made up of 2.free ...from 3.have confidence in
4.nothing less than 5.prepare for 6.make it 7.meet up with 8.come up with 9.due to 10.refer to ...as ... 11.a sense of 12.hold down 13.a large sum of
14.a lack of 15.break through 16.track down
17.fight against 18.in memory of
Ⅲ.1.have confidence in 2.was made up of 3.meet up with
4.prepare for 5.Due to 6.held down 7.nothing less than 8.a large sum of
四、1.the aim being to free north-west Europe from German occupation
2.was not only guarded but fortified
3.It is no wonder that
Ⅳ.1.his head resting on his arm
2.will not only help students get access to more knowledge but also cultivate
3.It is no wonder that he has obtained
UNIT 4 A glimpse of the future
单元话题导入
1.are likely to； achievements 2.imagination
3.advanced； technological 4.With the development of
Section Ⅰ Starting out & Understanding ideas
【文本透析·剖语篇】
第一步
1.thoughts 2.a lot easier 3.challenges 4.problems
5.dangerous 6.embrace
第二步
1－4 BACC
第三步
1.Household appliances such as electric lights， televisions， air conditioners and so on and furniture pieces are controlled by a smartphone with a touch screen.
2.Maybe one day we will control the development of AI.But now， we need to develop AI to solve some real problems.Anyway， there are many problems that mankind cannot solve at present.
第四步
1.It used to feel like 50 per cent of my time was spent researching new restaurants.In contrast，my PA only needs a few seconds to find the right place.
2.（1）Every recommendation she gives me is great since she can predict if I will like a particular restaurant.
（2）If we’re lucky，AI might think we’re valuable enough to keep around.If not， it might wipe us all out！
第五步
1.定语 that或which 宾语
因为她可以预测我是否会喜欢某一个餐厅，所以她给我的每一个建议都很棒。
2.并列 表语 时间状语
唯一的问题是，当第一批汽车上市时，可能会有一些机器学习问题，所以也许我最好先学会驾驶。
【核心知识·巧突破】
核心词汇集释
1.①to read ②I happened to be having a meeting； It happened that I was having a meeting
2.①With ②assistant ③assist us to learn/in learning more about British and Western culture
3.①with/and ②by ③make a contrast with； contrast with
4.①out ②around ③on ④hang on to those old photos
5.①to ②fall victim to pollution； become a victim of pollution
6.①to become ②potentially ③to achieve/fulfill/realise our full potential
7.①as ②beyond ③for ④are capable of finishing
8.①forward ②into ③took a leap
9.①to read ②for ③illegally ④It’s illegal to drive through a red light.
重点句型解构
1.①either deliver a new book to me or give my money back ②either by calling the club office at 8759632 or applying ③Neither she nor her friends
④either in China or in other countries
2.①If not ②If so ③if necessary ④if living
Section Ⅱ Using language
【重难语法·要攻克】
我的发现
1.of后的名词的数 2.单 3.单 4.单
即时演练1
①are ②is ③was ④is ⑤have been sent
⑥hasn’t been decided ⑦is
即时演练2
①was ②was sent ③is ④are ⑤am ⑥is ⑦goes
【知识要点·须拾遗】
1.①at ②assessment ③assess whether the system works well
2.①for ②are bound to be thrilled
3.①in ②to be told ③（should） be cleaned
Section Ⅲ Developing ideas
【文本透析·剖语篇】
第一步
1.a live dog 2.was different from 3.views 4.desperate 5.counted
第二步
1－5 ABDDC
第三步
1.He would keep Robutt.We can conclude from the last two paragraphs.
2.I will choose Robutt.After all， we have been close for a long time and we know each other better.
第四步
1.并列 原因状语 比较状语
穿着太空服的吉米虽看起来臃肿矮胖了一些，但他能承受月球引力，而在地球出生的人是不能承受这种引力的。
2.非限制性定语 结果状语
环形山外侧向南倾斜，南面天空下方的地球全部显现出来，因此整个环形山山坡明亮了起来。
3.条件状语 伴随 宾语 时间状语 宾语
只要有罗布特相伴，吉米就没有危险。当吉米过于靠近一块岩石，它会扑倒他；罗布特还会扑向他，以表达爱意；当吉米藏在岩石后，罗布特就原地打转，低吼，战战兢兢，不论什么时候，罗布特都对吉米的位置了如指掌。
【核心知识·巧突破】
核心词汇集释
1.①desperately ②desperation ③Desperate to be a volunteer
2.①in ②at/by ③were greatly shocked； in a state of shock； were greatly shocked to hear
3.①faulty ②with ③at ④It is not your fault that
4.①on ②comments ③comment on/upon； make a comment/comments on
5.①consistently ②in ③is entirely consistent with
重点句型解构
①so that you can make full preparations for it
②so that I got a good seat ③in order to； so as to
Section Ⅳ Continuing a sci-fi story
【演练佳作·写美文】
写作步骤
Six months later，I came back home for my father’s funeral.Death was very confusing for a child.I didn’t understand what death meant；all I knew was that my father had been lying in bed and receiving medical treatment for his illness when I left，but now when I came back，he was nowhere to be found.He must be hiding somewhere.I was sure people couldn’t just disappear，especially without saying goodbye.Though my mother told me he had “passed on”，I thought she meant he’d traveled to another town.
Suddenly，an idea crossed my mind that my father might travel to Heaven.I knew exactly how to find my father.I ran to the front porch.However，I had grown during those six months in Virginia，and I could no longer squeeze under the porch.I sat in front of the porch all afternoon，calling for someone to answer me.No voice came.No father returned.No frog jumped out of his hiding spot.I was too big to talk to a sprite，so I started to cry.
【教材词汇·练续写】
I assisted Dad to mow yards to earn pocket money.He told the neighbours I was capable of doing the work and offered a price they could not refuse.Every time I headed out to mow，Dad demanded I （should） finish the job well.One afternoon，Dad called me and yelled，“Hey，son.You missed a piece.” I frowned，hoping he would forgive me and know I was desperate to go home.However，he was not the one for me to bank on.On the way home after finishing the work，Dad said gently， “Do as perfectly as you can and you are bound to do everything well in your life.” Then he hugged me tightly.
单元素养提升
回顾单元知识
一、1.victim 2.capacity 3.leap 4.regulate 5.client
6.cite 7.cell 8.bound 9.cycle 10.demand 11.slope
12.hop 13.frown 14.clue 15.consistent
Ⅰ.1.clues 2.victims 3.consistent 4.capacity 5.bound
6.frown 7.demand
二、1.artificial 2.assistant 3.potentially 4.analyse
5.illegal 6.immoral 7.assess 8.mechanical
9.imitation 10.tightly 11.desperate 12.faulty
Ⅱ.1.imitation 2.analysis 3.illegally 4.assistants
5.assessment 6.desperately 7.mechanically 8.faulty
三、1.happen to sb 2.so far 3.used to 4.in contrast
5.hang out 6.be susceptible to 7.be capable of
8.wipe out 9.lie in 10.agree on 11.go through
12.the difference between ...and ... 13.as though
14.change one’s mind 15.be bound to
Ⅲ.1.lie in 2.is bound to 3.is capable of 4.gone through
5.hung out 6.change my mind
四、1.either the best， or the worst thing
2.If not
3.so that the entire crater-slope was brightly lit
Ⅳ.1.Either you or one of your classmates
2.If asked to look after
3.so that he got the first place
UNIT 5 Learning from nature
单元话题导入
1.harmoniously 2.repay； take from
3.created； a set of； imitating
Section Ⅰ Starting out & Understanding ideas
【文本透析·剖语篇】
第一步
1.inspiration 2.many of the most fascinating designs
3.the beauty of natural forms 4.mimic 5.natural organisms
6.harmony
第二步
1－4 CBAC
第三步
1.Biomimicry is not a new idea.Since ancient times， simple people and scientists have been watching and studying nature’s best ideas and then imitated these designs and processes to find answers and solved many situations in human history.
2.Biomimicry is a new way to perceive and value nature.It brings us the idea that the best way to benefit from the natural world is not to massively extract substances and valuables from it.The conscious emulation of life’s and nature’s genius is a survival strategy for the human race.It’s a possible path to a sustainable and better future.
第四步
1.（1）When we look at a pine cone，we might think how much it looks like the tiles on a roof.
（2）An open flower might make us think how closely it resembles an umbrella.
（3）Shaped to resemble a lotus flower，it appears to float above the waterfront promenade and the water that surrounds it.
2.In a similar way，the Eastgate Centre has a “skin” covered in holes.
第五步
1.并列 形式主语 真正的主语 强调
以这种方式思考是很自然的，但当然不是雨伞给了花朵灵感，也不是屋顶给了松果灵感。
2.时间状语 定语
津巴布韦建筑师米克·皮尔斯在一部大自然纪录片中看到白蚁筑造蚁穴，从中得到启发，从而设计了东门大厦。
【核心知识·巧突破】
核心词汇集释
1.①at/by ②amazing ③in ④To my amazement； What amazed me was that； was amazed that
2.①an ②of ③to ④follow his example
3.①absorbed ②absorbing ③So absorbed was she in her job； Absorbed in her job， she didn’t hear anybody knocking at the door.
4.①response ②responded to； made a response to
5.①with ②harmonious ③in harmony with
重点句型解构
①If elected ②while （we were） picking oranges
③Although living in different eras
Section Ⅱ Using language
【重难语法·要攻克】
我的发现
1.主语 it 宾语 表语 2.表语 主语 3.表语
即时演练1
①Being exposed ②to distinguish ③to accustom
④Facing ⑤having
即时演练2
①studying ②being given ③to be reading ④working ⑤to take
即时演练3
①to raise ②convincing ③seated ④promoted
【知识要点·须拾遗】
1.①variety ②various ③in ④vary from person to person
2.①as ②to assist ③Employing himself in drawing up plans
Section Ⅲ Developing ideas
【文本透析·剖语篇】
第一步
1.conflicted 2.reaction 3.peaceful 4.transformations 5.withdraw 6.beauty 7.convince
第二步
1－5 BACBA
第三步
1.The first sentence describes a beautiful scene of the dusk.The village is so far away that it looks fuzzy and the smoke rises gently and slowly.The scenery described in the sentence gives people a sense of peace and serenity， as if the world is not disturbed by any force.
The second sentence makes this beautiful rural painting come to life all of a sudden.Instead of writing about the songs of birds and insects， the poet wrote a very common song and bark of chickens and dogs， because the sound of chickens and dogs is the most characteristic of rural environment and the most harmonious and unified with the whole picture.It properly shows the life atmosphere of the countryside， and does not damage the peaceful mood at all.
2.Though we live in modern times， it isn’t possible for us to go back to nature to live a life as they do， what we should know is that it is urgent for humans to live with nature in harmony now， because we humans have already paid price for treating nature badly， such as global warming， floods， hurricanes， etc， which can be considered a sign that nature warns us.
第四步
1.状语 定语
表面上看，这两个人生活在不同的时代，相隔近一千五百年，迥然不同。
2.状语 同位语
公元405年，陶渊明永久地辞去了官职，以表达他对仕途的不满，用今天的一句名言形容就是“不为五斗米折腰”。
3.宾语 让步状语
我们可以从他的诗歌中看出，尽管生活艰苦，但他从这种简单的生活中成功获得了满足感，并从大自然中获得了乐趣。
4.宾语 定语 方式状语
梭罗的写作意在使人们信服，动物和植物就像我们人类一样都有生存和繁荣的权利。
【核心知识·巧突破】
核心词汇集释
1.①in ②in ③in return for
2.①with ②against ③he will react to the bad news； his reaction to the bad news will be
3.①退出 ②撤离 ③withdrawal ④withdrawn ⑤withdrew from the meeting
4.①to ②from ③resign myself to giving up halfway
5.①at ②with ③at ④put me at ease
6.①as ②on/by ③evaluate the consequences； make an evaluation of the consequences
重点句型解构
1.①while Lucy sat in the corner silently alone ②While my mom and I were shopping
2.①As is often the case ②As we all know ③As is mentioned above ④as will make them better and cleverer
Section Ⅳ Writing about a lesson from nature
【演练佳作·写美文】
写作步骤
二、1.The set phrase “ya miao zhu zhang” means “Trying to help seedlings grow by pulling them up”.
2.There is a story behind it.
3.A man in the Song State was anxious about the slow growth of his seedlings.
4.He pulled them upward one by one.
5.He came back saying to his family，“I’m exhausted today，for I’ve helped the seedlings grow much taller.”
6.Hearing this，his son ran to the field and found all the seedlings had died.
7.This set phrase teaches us a lesson.
8.Going against the law of development in things and being overanxious for quick results will only make things worse.
三、1.The set phrase “ya miao zhu zhang” means “Trying to help seedlings grow by pulling them up”，behind which there is a story.
2.This set phrase teaches us the lesson that going against the law of development in things and being overanxious for quick results will only make things worse.
四、
The set phrase “ya miao zhu zhang” means “Trying to help seedlings grow by pulling them up”，behind which there is a story.
A man in the Song State was anxious about the slow growth of his seedlings.So， he pulled them upward one by one.He came back saying to his family， “I’m exhausted today，for I’ve helped the seedlings grow much taller.”Hearing this， his son ran to the field and found all the seedlings had died.
This set phrase teaches us the lesson that going against the law of development in things and being overanxious for quick results will only make things worse.
【教材词汇·练续写】
To ease the working pressure，I drove to the rural area with my friend Harry last week.While walking on the lanes，I was attracted by the lotuses in the pond，the mulberry trees swinging in the wind and the flying dragonflies.“How amazing the scenery is！”Harry whispered to himself，unconsciously a smile spreading over his face.All of a sudden，we caught sight of a cottage in the distance.The nearer the cottage was， the more delighted we were，because we saw a beautiful botanical garden there.Enjoying the beautiful scene of the field，we felt a sense of fulfilment.
单元素养提升
回顾单元知识
一、1.superb 2.frontier 3.pond 4.sow 5.employ
6.bat 7.physician 8.bow 9.rural 10.decent
11.cottage 12.withdraw 13.domestic 14.ease
15.attain 16.fulfilment
Ⅰ.1.rural 2.attained 3.employ 4.decent 5.bowed 6.sown
二、1.architect 2.convert 3.wisdom 4.depressive
5.purity 6.resign 7.botanical 8.reject 9.evaluate
Ⅱ.1.architectural 2.rejection 3.evaluation 4.depression
5.wisdom 6.purity
三、1.take ...for granted 2.an example of 3.covert ...into 4.respond to 5.in harmony with 6.seek solutions to 7.take inspiration from 8.in return for 9.draw ...from ... 10.be opposed to 11.reaction to
12.withdraw from 13.resign oneself to 14.at ease with
15.be ready to
Ⅲ.1.are opposed to 2.in harmony with 3.reaction to
4.at ease with 5.respond to 6.be withdrawn from
7.is ready to
四、1.while watching a nature documentary
2.Creating buildings such as these
3.While Tao’s return to nature was a reaction to a lifestyle he was opposed to
4.as he describes in his journals
Ⅳ.1.While looking at the photograph
2.Being exposed to English frequently
3.while there’s little in the north-west
4.As everyone knows
UNIT 6 Nature in words
单元话题导入
1.get； ready for 2.recover； go back to 3.absolutely； by all means 4.sunshine； is full of
Section Ⅰ Starting out & Understanding ideas
【文本透析·剖语篇】
第一步
1.excited 2.magical 3.pale 4.strange 5.lovely
6.cruel 7.bending
第二步
1－5 BABCA
第三步
1.We， humans， are also a part of nature， but we tend to distinguish ourselves from nature and do the things， which may harm nature.Therefore， respect nature and its resources， show some compassion towards it.It is the responsibility of a human being to protect nature.We， as humans， should refrain from doing any harm to nature if we need to provide a good natural environment to the future generations.Just as Charles Darwin puts it， “Everything， what is against nature， will not last for long.”
2.When I think about the beauty of nature， the first thing that comes to my mind may be greenery.But the beauty of nature is more than the greenery.Everything I feel and see around， including mountains， forests， rivers， birds， plants， animals， air， etc.— all are a part of the beauty of nature.
第四步
1.（1）When I got up this morning the world was a cold place of dead white and pale blues.
（2）The little plum tree outside， with the faintly flushed snow lining its branches and artfully disposed along its trunk， stood in full sunlight.
（3）But the snow is falling heavily， in great soft flakes， so that you can hardly see across the shallow valley， and the roofs are thick and the trees all bending， and the weathercock of the village church， still to be seen through the grey loaded air， has become some creature out of Hans Andersen.
2.（1）The dining-room window had been transformed into a lovely Japanese print.
（2）It was as if our kindly countryside， close to the very heart of England， had been turned into a cruel grassland.
3.Then the sun came out， and by the time I had sat down to breakfast it was shining bravely and flushing the snow with delicate pinks.
第五步
1.as ...as ... 非限制性定语 the children 方式状语
对于这场雪，我今早近乎像孩子们那样兴奋。我发现孩子们在透过窗子看着外面奇妙的世界，兴奋地说个不停，就像圣诞节突然又要来了一般。
2.that 结果状语 时间状语
这是今年冬天我们在这里的第一场雪，而在去年的雪季，我身在异国，在酷热的天气里汗流不止，所以离我上次欣赏到这银装素裹的世界，着实过了些时日了。
【核心知识·巧突破】
核心词汇集释
1.①for ②inspection ③be inspected
2.①insisted on lending ②（should） be sent to the hospital； was feeling quiet well
3.①into ②off ③talk him out of leaving
4.①about ②out ③came round to see me
5.①down/over ②persuading ③bent her mind to her work
重点句型解构
1.①found myself stuck ②found himself in a strange room ③found most of my classmates and teachers friendly
④find it much easier to recognise
2.①had begun ②will have learned/will learn ③had been completed ④By the time he is 18 next year
Section Ⅱ Using language
【重难语法·要攻克】
我的发现
1.宾语补足语 2.状语 结果 目的 伴随 3.定语 主谓
即时演练1
①to harm ②to be completed ③regulating ④conducted
⑤falling ⑥titled
即时演练2
①To keep ②to find ③Having studied ④Located ⑤releasing
即时演练3
①wandering ②to make ③taken ④to process ⑤to do
【知识要点·须拾遗】
1.①an unforgettable experience ②a beautiful view we see from the top of the hill； beautiful a view we see from the top of the hill
2.①to ②addition ③add up these numbers； add up to more than 100
Section Ⅲ Developing ideas
【文本透析·剖语篇】
第一步
1.1962 2.natural ecosystems 3.more responsible， limited and carefully monitored 4.case studies 5.beautiful and elegant 6.The pesticide industry 7.precise 8.defend her claims 9.banned 10.Presidential Medal of Freedom
11.environmental awareness
第二步
1－4 DCAC
第三步
1.Today， environmentalists and the green movement argue that many silent chemical and radioactive toxins， as well as carbon emissions， pollute the earth， the effects of which we will not feel until it is too late and the damage has been done.We need to pay attention now， they say， or pay the price.
2.The book is relevant because it carefully compiles scientific evidence to make its case.It shows that even though the impact of pesticides seems invisible， it is real， and it shows how all of the earth is interwoven ecologically.Damaging the soil or water damages animals （Carson focuses on birds） and humans.
In these days， the political debate about climate change is fierce.We debate， despite overwhelming evidence and consensus among scientists， whether climate change is really happening in the world.Her book will provide some ideas for these global problems.
第四步
1.宾语 believed wished
她认为化学工业正在明目张胆地对动植物，甚至对人类本身造成伤害，她希望人们在使用杀虫剂时能够更加负责、节制，并且严加监管。
2.让步状语 定语
虽然卡森的研究很有说服力，而且得到多数审阅过这本书的科学家的支持，但是这本书很快成了杀虫剂行业批判的对象。
【核心知识·巧突破】
核心词汇集释
1.①from ②on ③there is a ban on smoking
2.①to ②to ③on the alert
3.①harmless ②does harm to our eyes
4.①urgent ②urgency ③to take ④（should） take measures to solve these problems
5.①by ②are specially designed for； are designed to enrich
6.①for ②targeted ③being a target for
7.①for ②a ③was ruined ④lived up to his reputation
8.①determination ②Determined ③determines to write a book； is determined to write a book
重点句型解构
1.①Curious to find out ②Tired and breathless ③Worried about making a bad impression on the customer
2.①Try as/though he might ②Hard as/though they tried ③Beautiful as/though the necklace was ④Child as/though he was
Section Ⅳ Writing a poem about nature
【教材词汇·练续写】
Having held the championship for the past two years， I was chosen to participate in the competition.My teacher insisted that I practice for the contest.“I have a bit of sore throat，” I lied.I even told Ms Sara not to worry as I was not puzzled about anything.However，when I stepped on the stage，my palms sweated heavily and my voice trembled.Finally，I walked off the stage and flushed with shame.“I should have practiced to enhance my ability，” I said to Ms Sara.Bending her head， she gently told me that getting well prepared for everything was of great importance.
单元素养提升
回顾单元知识
一、1.weekly 2.shaving 3.prospect 4.bend 5.church 6.rhyme 7.enhance 8.wheat 9.gentle 10.sweep 11.ban 12.chorus 13.dozen 14.launch 15.reputation
16.diamond
Ⅰ.1.bent 2.enhance 3.reputation 4.banned 5.launch
6.swept 7.weekly
二、1.inspector 2.insist 3.innocent 4.thorough 5.precise 6.elegance 7.passionate
Ⅱ.1.elegance 2.innocence 3.thoroughly 4.precisely 5.passionate
三、1.talk away 2.come round 3.break out 4.at the risk of 5.wake up 6.come out 7.transform ...into ... 8.longing for 9.participate in 10.alert ...to 11.cause harm to 12.urge sb to do sth 13.a target for 14.stand by 15.attempt to 16.dozens of 17.or so 18.be regarded as 19.rather than
Ⅲ.1.longing for 2.stand by 3.come round 4.at the risk of 5.causes harm to 6.has been transformed into 7.is regarded as 8.or so
四、1.find yourself in another quite different
2.puzzled and disturbed
3.strong though they are
Ⅳ.1.found many students buried their heads in books
2.Surprised and happy
3.Patient though he was
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