Section Ⅰ Starting out & Understanding ideas
Artificial Intelligence①：A REAL THREAT②？
In the words of③ Professor Stephen Hawking， artificial intelligence will be “either the best， or the worst thing， ever to happen to④ humanity”.Technology of Tomorrow Forum wants to hear your thoughts on AI.Is it our greatest human achievement so far？ Or is it the biggest threat to our existence？
Millenniumbutterfly
Thanks to AI， I’ve got my own super-smart personal assistant⑤ built into my phone.[1] She always has an immediate answer for any question I put to her， and even uses my answers to learn more about my preferences⑥. It used to feel like 50 per cent of my time was spent researching new restaurants.In contrast⑦， my PA only needs a few seconds to find the right place.[2]Every recommendation⑧ she gives me is great since she can predict if I will like a particular restaurant.
[1]and连接并列谓语；I put to her为省略了关系词的定语从句，修饰先行词question。
[2]句子主干为Every recommendation is great； she gives me为省略了关系词的定语从句，修饰先行词Every recommendation；since引导原因状语从句；if引导宾语从句。
And speaking of hanging out⑨， I’m hoping that self-driving cars are available soon.I’ve been taking driving lessons for over a year， and still haven’t got my licence.Self-driving cars can learn to drive in the same way that we do， and can make judgements based on⑩ information.And as they won’t be susceptible to human error ， they’ll certainly be a lot safer.[3]The only thing is that there might be a few machine-learning problems when the first cars hit the market， so perhaps I’d better learn to drive first. Still， I do think that developments in AI will on the whole make doing day-to-day things a lot easier.
[3]本句为so连接的并列句。在第一个分句中，that引导表语从句；when引导时间状语从句；在第二个分句中，to drive为动词不定式作宾语。
Popkid
[4]The technology you’re using and enjoying today is a basic form of AI which can’t think independently without programming . Of course， it could be very useful to have a more advanced form of AI — a truly independent form of artificial intelligence， capable of exercising its own judgement， could help us solve many of the world’s problems.But have you ever thought about the risks？ After all， why would an independent form of AI need to consider the opinions and desires of humans？ We could be seen as a “small” inconvenience that’s in the way of a solution to a bigger problem.If we’re lucky， AI might think we’re valuable enough to keep around.[5]If not， it might wipe us all out ！
[4]you’re using and enjoying today为省略了关系词的定语从句，修饰先行词technology；which引导定语从句。
[5]if not为if引导的条件状语从句的省略句。
Even if that doesn’t happen， there are other risks.Millenniumbutterfly， you say how great it would be to have self-driving cars， but what about all the taxi drivers who would lose their jobs ？ They would just be among the first victims of AI.Nearly every job is potentially at risk in the long run .Even journalists are now being replaced with technology that can write basic news reports.As it is ， almost 50 per cent of US jobs are at risk from automation in the next 20 years.
The truth is that none of us is prepared for the challenges of AI.
Pink_haze
Machine learning is something we have come to accept as a part of our modern world.I believe most of the value of AI lies in its capacity to analyse and interpret vast amounts of data ， which means it can even solve problems that are too challenging for human experts.
But while super-intelligent AI could be the biggest leap forward in human history， if it goes wrong or falls into the wrong hands ， it could also be the most dangerous.However， AI is not going to go away.We have no choice but to embrace it and regulate it.One thing I think we all agree on， though， is that saying “My AI did it！” won’t be any excuse for illegal or immoral behaviour！
【读文清障】
①artificial adj.人造的，人工的
artificial intelligence 人工智能
②threat n.威胁
③in the words of 用……的话说
④happen to sb 发生在某人身上
⑤assistant n.助手，助理
assist v.帮助，援助
assistance n.帮助，援助
⑥preference n.爱好；偏好
prefer v.较喜欢
⑦in contrast 相比之下
⑧recommendation n.推荐；建议；介绍
recommend v.推荐；建议；介绍
⑨hang out 闲逛
⑩be based on 基于……，在……基础上
susceptible adj.易受影响的
be susceptible to 易受……影响
human error 人为错误
on the whole 总的来说；基本上，大体上
programme v.为……设定程序
n.（计算机）程序设计，程序编制，编程
be capable of 能够……
exercise v.运用，使用
inconvenience n.不便；麻烦
convenience n.方便，便利
convenient adj.方便的，便利的
wipe out 彻底消失；全部摧毁
lose one’s job 失去工作，失业
victim n.受害者
potentially adv.潜在地
potential adj.潜在的 n.潜力
in the long run 从长远来看
be replaced with 被……取代
as it is 实际上
automation n.自动化
be prepared for 为……做好准备
lie in （问题、答案、责任等）存在，在于
capacity n.能力，才能
analyse v.分析
analysis n.分析
interpret v.诠释，解释
vast amounts of data大量的数据
leap n.剧变；飞跃
fall into the wrong hands
落入坏人手中
have no choice but to do sth
除了做某事别无选择
regulate v.控制，管理
regulation n.章程，法规
illegal adj.非法的，违法的
legal adj.合法的
immoral adj.不道德的，道德败坏的
【参考译文】
人工智能：真正的威胁？
用斯蒂芬·霍金教授的话说，人工智能将是“人类有史以来最好或最坏的事情”。明日科技论坛希望听到您对人工智能的想法。到目前为止，人工智能算是我们人类最伟大的成就还是对我们生存的最大威胁呢？
千禧蝶
多亏了人工智能，我才可以在手机中内置个人超级智能私人助手。我向她提任何问题，她总能立即答复，甚至可以通过我的答案了解更多关于我的个人偏好。过去，我觉得自己有50%的时间花在了研究新餐厅上。相比之下，有了私人助手，只需数秒就能找到正确的餐厅了。因为她可以预测我是否会喜欢某一个餐厅，所以她给我的每一个建议都很棒。
说到出去玩，我希望自动驾驶汽车能很快面世。我已经上驾驶课一年多了，但仍然没有拿到驾照。自动驾驶汽车可以学习与我们相同的驾驶模式，并且可以根据信息做出判断。而且由于它们不会受到人为错误的影响，肯定会安全得多。唯一的问题是，当第一批汽车上市时，可能会有一些机器学习问题，所以也许我最好先学会驾驶。不过，我确实认为，总体而言，人工智能的发展将使日常工作变得更加容易。
小破孩儿
你今天正在使用和享受的技术是人工智能的基本形式，没有程序它就无法独立思考。当然，拥有更先进的人工智能形式非常有用，这种更先进的人工智能形式是一种真正独立的人工智能形式，能够运用自己的判断力，可以帮助我们解决世界上的许多问题。但是你是否考虑过风险？毕竟，为什么独立的人工智能形式需要考虑人类的选择和欲望？我们可能会被视为解决更大问题道路上的一个“小”麻烦。如果幸运的话，人工智能可能会认为我们足够有价值，可以留下来。否则，它可能会消灭我们所有人！
尽管还没有发生什么，但确实存在其他的风险。千禧蝶，你说拥有自动驾驶汽车会很棒，但出租车司机会失业这个问题呢？他们将会是人工智能的第一批受害者。长此以往，几乎所有工作都可能处于潜在危险之中。甚至现在的新闻工作者也正在被可以撰写简单的新闻报道的技术所取代。实际上，在未来20年中，美国有将近50%的工作会受到自动化的威胁。
事实上，我们中没有人做好了面对人工智能的挑战的准备。
粉红_烟雾
机器学习作为现代世界的一部分，已经成为我们接受的东西。我认为人工智能的大部分价值在于它分析和解析庞大数据的能力，也就是说它甚至能够解决对于人类专家来说具有挑战性的问题。
虽然超智能AI可能是人类有史以来的最大飞跃，但如果出错或者落入坏人手中，它同时可能是最危险的。但是，人工智能不会消失。我们别无选择，只能接受它并加以规范。不过，我想大家都认可的一点就是，“这是我的AI做的！” 这句话不会成为非法行为或不道德行为的任何借口。
第一步：析架构理清脉络
Read the passage quickly and then fill in the blanks.
第二步：知细节明察秋毫
Read the passage carefully and choose the best answers.
1.What can we know about Millenniumbutterfly？（ ）
A.He is a boss or a manager.
B.He cannot drive cars now.
C.He is skeptical of AI.
D.He is waiting for self-driving cars appearing.
2.What can we learn about AI according to Popkid？（ ）
A.AI cannot think independently without programming.
B.AI can help us solve all the problems.
C.Humans can’t be regarded as enemy by AI.
D.AI will bring about more jobs to people.
3.What does “it” refer to in the sentence “If not， it might wipe us all out！” in Paragraph 3？（ ）
A.A less advanced form of AI.
B.Human’s thoughts.
C.AI.
D.The use of AI.
4.Which of the following may Popkid agree with？ （ ）
A.AI will never replace humans.
B.It would be great to have self-driving cars.
C.In the long run， AI can cause many people to lose their jobs.
D.All of us are well prepared for the challenges of AI.
第三步：拓思维品质提升
Discuss the following questions with your partner.
1.In what way does AI have an impact on your daily life？
2.Should we humans limit the development of AI？Why？
第四步：品语言妙笔生辉
1.Read the passage carefully and find the sentences using comparison.
2.Read the passage carefully and find the sentences using personification （拟人）.
第五步：析难句表达升级
1.Every recommendation she gives me is great since she can predict if I will like a particular restaurant.
句式分析 本句为主从复合句。句子主干为Every recommendation is great，she gives me为 从句，省略了关系代词 ；since引导原因状语从句，在since从句中，if引导 从句。
自主翻译
2.The only thing is that there might be a few machine-learning problems when the first cars hit the market，so perhaps I’d better learn to drive first.
句式分析 本句为 句。在第一个分句中，that引导 从句，when引导 从句。
自主翻译
Part Ⅰ 核心词汇集释
happen to sb发生在某人身上
【教材原句】 In the words of Professor Stephen Hawking， artificial intelligence will be “either the best， or the worst thing， ever to happen to humanity”.
用斯蒂芬·霍金教授的话说，人工智能将是“人类有史以来最好或最坏的事情”。
【用法】
happen to do sth 碰巧做某事
happen to be doing sth 碰巧在做某事
happen to have done sth 碰巧做过某事
as it happens＝by chance 令人惊奇的是；恰恰
It happens that ... 碰巧……
【佳句】 Instead of just letting life happen to you， set goals and change your life.
与其逆来顺受，不如设定目标，改变生活。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①I happened （read） the advertisement that you posed on the Internet.
【写美】 一句多译
②你打电话时我碰巧在开会。
→ when you called.
→ when you called.
assistant n.助手，助理
【教材原句】 Thanks to AI， I’ve got my own super-smart personal assistant built into my phone.
多亏了人工智能，我才可以在手机中内置个人超级智能私人助手。
【用法】
（1）an assistant to ... ……的助理
（2）assist v. 帮助；协助；援助
帮助某人做某事
（3）assistance n. 援助；帮助；协助
with the assistance of ... 在……的帮助下
come to one’s assistance 来帮助某人
technical assistance 技术援助
【佳句】 The manager put forward a suggestion that we should have an assistant.There is too much work to do.
经理提出了一个建议：我们应该有一个助手。有太多的工作要做。
【练透】 单句语法填空
① the assistance of his teacher， he gradually adjusted to the school life.
②The old man isn’t really employed at the supermarket.He is just helping out voluntarily until the new young （assist） arrives.
【写美】 补全句子
③I hope you can ， which can increase our understanding and help build a good relationship between us.
我希望你能帮助我们更多地了解英国和西方文化，这能增进我们的理解并有助于我们建立良好的关系。
in contrast 相比之下
【教材原句】 In contrast， my PA only needs a few seconds to find the right place.
相比之下，有了私人助手，只需数秒就能找到正确的餐厅了。
【用法】
contrast ...with/and ... 把……和……相对比
in contrast to/with 与……相比
by contrast 相比之下，对比起来
contrast with＝make a contrast with 与……形成对照
【佳句】 In contrast to kids who max out their parents’ credit cards， my son has sound financial management.
和刷爆父母信用卡的孩子相比，我的儿子有着合理的财务管理。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①Contrast her early writings her later work， you can see her progress.
②Their economy has declined，while ours， contrast， has expanded.
【写美】 一句多译
③黄色窗帘与蓝色床罩形成对照。
→The yellow curtains the blue bedcover.
→The yellow curtains the blue bedcover.
hang out 闲逛，闲荡；挂出
【教材原句】 And speaking of hanging out， I’m hoping that self-driving cars are available soon.
说到出去玩，我希望自动驾驶汽车能很快面世。
【用法】
hang around 闲荡，逗留
hang on 紧抓不放，坚持；别挂断电话
hang up 挂断电话；搁置，拖延
hang over （威胁或疑虑）笼罩，萦绕
hang on to 坚持住；抓紧；保留
【佳句】 I like to hang out at the mall with my friends every weekend.
每个周末我都喜欢和朋友们一起去购物中心闲逛。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①My sister often hangs in the biggest shopping mall.
②The bus was late so I had to hang the bus station for a while.
③The line is busy.Hang a minute.
【写美】 补全句子
④Let’s — they may be valuable.
咱们留着那些老照片吧——它们或许有价值。
victim n.受害者，罹难者，牺牲品；受骗者，上当的人
【教材原句】 They would just be among the first victims of AI.
他们将会是人工智能的第一批受害者。
【用法】
成为……的牺牲品（或受害者）
accident victims 事故罹难者
【佳句】 Besides， we have also collected some basic necessities， such as clothes and food for the victims.
此外，我们还为受害者收集了一些基本的必需品，如衣服和食物。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①At Brussels airport he fell victim pickpockets who pinched his wallet.
【写美】 一句多译
②这个地区的海龟经常成为污染的受害者。
→Sea turtles in this region often .
→Sea turtles in this region often .
potentially adv.潜在地
【教材原句】 Nearly every job is potentially at risk in the long run.
长此以往，几乎所有工作都可能处于潜在危险之中。
【用法】
potential adj. 潜在的，有可能的
n. 潜力，潜能，可能性
（a） potential for （doing） sth （做）某事的潜力
have the potential to do sth有做某事的潜力
achieve/fulfill/realise one’s （full） potential（充分）发挥某人的潜能
【佳句】 Mountain climbing is becoming a popular sport， but it is also a potentially dangerous one.
登山正在成为一项流行的运动，但它也是一项潜在的危险运动。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①On the whole， he has the potential （become） a world-class basketball player.
②Are they （potential） harmful to the consumer of the plant？
【写美】 补全句子
③With the College Entrance Examination approaching， the teacher encouraged us .
随着高考的临近，老师鼓励我们充分发挥自己的潜力。
capacity n.能力，才能
【教材原句】 I believe most of the value of AI lies in its capacity to analyse and interpret vast amounts of data ...我认为人工智能的大部分价值在于它分析和解析庞大数据的能力……
【用法】
（1）in one’s capacity as ...＝in the capacity of ...
作为……；以……资格、身份或职位
beyond one’s capacity超出某人的能力范围
a capacity for ……的能力
the capacity to do sth 做某事的能力
have a capacity of 有……容量
（2）capable adj. 有能力的；能干的
be capable of doing sth 有能力做某事
【佳句】 She has an enormous capacity for hard work.她特别能吃苦耐劳。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①In his capacity captain， he’s got the right to tell us what to do.
②It seems to be his capacity to follow simple instructions.
③Limited resources are restricting our capacity developing new products.
【写美】 同义句转换
④We have the capacity to finish the work efficiently and make the clients satisfied.
→We the work efficiently and make the clients satisfied.
leap n.剧变；剧增；跳跃 v.跳跃；跃过
【教材原句】 But while super-intelligent AI could be the biggest leap forward in human history， if it goes wrong or falls into the wrong hands， it could also be the most dangerous.
虽然超智能AI可能是人类有史以来的最大飞跃，但如果出错或者落入坏人手中，它同时可能是最危险的。
【用法】
leap forward 迅猛发展
leap to one’s feet 赶紧站起来
leap into action 断然采取行动
take a leap 跳跃
leap off the page 跃然纸上
leap out at sb 引起了某人的注意
【佳句】 As the Chinese saying goes， “Look before you leap.”
正如中国谚语所说，“三思而后行。”
【练透】 单句语法填空
①Contemporary art has taken a huge leap in the last five or six years.
②They leapt action immediately they received the emergency call.
【写美】 补全句子
③The cat from the chair as if something had caught her attention.
那只猫从椅子上跳了下去，好像什么东西引起了她的注意。
illegal adj.非法的，违法的
【教材原句】 One thing I think we all agree on， though， is that saying “My AI did it！” won’t be any excuse for illegal or immoral behaviour！
不过，我想大家都认可的一点就是，“这是我的AI做的！”这句话不会成为非法行为或不道德行为的任何借口。
【用法】
（1）It is illegal to do sth 做某事是违法的
It is illegal for sb to do sth 某人做某事是违法的
（2）legal adj. 合法的，法律的
It is legal for sb to do sth 某人做某事是合法的
（3）legally adv. 合法地；法律上
illegally adv. 非法地
【佳句】 It is illegal to sell cigarettes to teenagers.
向青少年售卖香烟是违法的。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①It’s illegal （read） people’s private letters without permission.
②It is illegal public officials to request gifts or money in exchange for favors to them.
③He was caught for operating a business （illegal）， which led to serious consequences.
【写美】 翻译句子
④开车闯红灯是违法的。
Part Ⅱ 重点句型解构
句型公式：either ...or ...连接并列成分
【教材原句】 In the words of Professor Stephen Hawking， artificial intelligence will be “either the best， or the worst thing，ever to happen to humanity”.
用斯蒂芬·霍金教授的话说，人工智能将是“人类有史以来最好或最坏的事情”。
【用法】
句中either ...or ...连接两个表语，表示“不是……就是……；或者……或者……”。
（1）either ...or ...表示“不是……就是……；或者……或者……”时，相对应的反义短语为neither ...nor ...“既不……也不……”，两者都常用来连接两个并列成分。
（2）连接两个并列主语时，谓语动词要和邻近的主语保持一致，即遵循“就近一致”原则。
（3）neither ...nor ...连接两个句子且置于句首时，因neither和nor都是否定意义的词，前后两句都要用倒装语序。
（4）遵循“就近一致”原则的并列连词还有：
not only ...but also ...不仅……而且……
not ...but ...不是……而是……
...or ...……或者……
【品悟】 Some people who were caught in the water were either unconscious or burst into tears with pain.
一些被困在水里的人要么失去知觉，要么痛苦得哭了起来。
【写美】 微写作
①我希望你要么给我寄一本新书，要么把钱退给我。（投诉信）
I hope you .
②你可以通过拨打俱乐部办公室电话8759632或在网站上申请报名俱乐部。（邀请信）
You can sign up for the club on the website.
③她和她的朋友们都没有想过把石头从路上移开。（心理描写）
thought about moving the stone out of the road.
④关于中国题材的纪录片，无论是在中国还是在其他国家拍摄的，越来越受到外国人的欢迎。（投稿）
Documentaries about China， produced ， are becoming increasingly popular among foreigners.
句型公式：if引导的条件状语从句的省略
【教材原句】 If not， it might wipe us all out！否则，它可能会消灭我们所有人！
【用法】
句中if not 是if we’re not lucky的省略句，表示否定意义。
（1）在状语从句中，如果从句主语与主句主语一致或从句主语为it，且谓语动词为be动词时，就可以省去其主语和be动词。
（2）if构成的省略句：
if not 如果不这样的话，不然
if so 如果这样的话
if any 如果有的话
if ever 如果有过或发生过的话
if necessary/possible 如果有必要/可能的话
【品悟】 It is OK to leave an electrical appliance on so long as you are using it — if not， turn it off！
只要你在使用电器设备，你便可以把它开着——如果不用的话，就把它关掉！
【点津】 在“If＋动词-ing形式”结构中，主句主语和从句中的谓语动词是逻辑上的主谓关系；在“If＋动词-ed形式”结构中，主句主语和从句中的谓语动词是逻辑上的动宾关系。
【写美】 微写作
①就在这时，市长说：“这些金子是你的吗？如果不是，我们一定要找到失主！”（语言描写）
At that moment， the mayor said， “Is this gold yours？ ， we surely must find the owner！”
②既然穿校服好处多多，为什么不现在就开始呢？如果这样，一个更加和谐的校园一定会被建立。（建议信）
Since wearing school uniforms benefits a lot， why not start it right now？ ， a more harmonious campus is sure to be built.
③如果有必要的话，我们应该帮助那些急需帮助的人。（倡议书）
We should help those who are in great need .
④如果你住在市中心，你会发现自己因交通堵塞而心烦意乱。
You’ll find yourself upset by traffic jams in the center of the city.
提示：完成课后作业 UNIT 4 Section Ⅰ
12 / 12Section Ⅳ Continuing a sci-fi story
Step 1 品教材范文 Step 2 析写作手法
Carolyn had a long commute to the prison， even by aircar.When she arrived， everything seemed normal， except for a robot lying at the front gate， motionless.“It’s an old model，” she thought.They broke down now and again.She passed through the gate， noting that everything else was apparently in order. But just as she closed her office door behind her， a loud alarm sounded.Carolyn’s blood froze.She had only ever heard that sound during drills.“It can’t be！” she thought.A general systems failure！ She looked out of the reinforced glass of her office window into the prison below.Sure enough， the robots were out of control.Most had stopped moving at all.Some spun aimlessly around and around.But others were randomly operating things， including the cell gates， and she could see prisoners rushing out to freedom.“Grab the robots’ weapons and run！” shouted the prisoners. Carolyn opened her bag and reached for her emergency call device.Her heart sank as she realised she had left it at home.I need to call in the police， she thought.But how？ Without the device， she couldn’t communicate.Nothing in the prison would work properly now. There was a voice behind her.“Looking for one of these？” Carolyn gasped.“Julius！” There was her second-in-command， holding an emergency caller in his hand.“What are you doing in my office？” “It should be my office！” snarled Julius.“I’ve worked here for forty years ...and the City Commissioners gave you the job as prison governor！ But now you’ll pay.You’ll all pay！ I can make every robot in every prison in the city go crazy.The prisoners will escape， and the city will burn！” Then the door burst open， and the room was suddenly flooded with riot police.And there was ...Todd！ “I took the aircar over here to bring you this，” he said quietly， winking as he pushed the emergency call device secretly into her hands.“I could see there was trouble， so I activated it to call in the police.” “It was Julius，” said Carolyn， watching the police bundle Julius out of the door.“He’s gone mad.” “Sure，” said Todd.“But now we know how easy it is to cause a mass robot breakdown.You’ll have to write a report.Make some recommendations to upgrade the robots.” “I know.” Carolyn slid from Todd’s hug and walked towards the door.She could see the police rounding up the prisoners.“But right now， I’ve got a prison to run.” 学语言： 本文为科幻文的故事续写。本文的写作思路为：匆忙上班、未见异常→应急报警、机器故障→忙寻设备、落在家里→同事嫉妒、伺机陷害→丈夫报警、警察出现→后悔当初粗心大意。 学结构： 续写范文故事曲折动人，恰当运用“伏笔”等写作手法，增强了故事的逻辑性，使读者回味无穷。例如第一段中的everything seemed normal为接下来发生机器故障起了暗示作用；进办公室之后，主人公Carolyn做出一系列的动作（closed her office door→a loud alarm sounded→Carolyn’s blood froze），体现了变化之出乎意料；再接下来找报警器的时候，再次做出一系列动作（opened her bag→reached for her emergency call device→her heart sank），形象地表现了Carolyn刚刚燃起的希望被无情浇灭后失望的状态；当Julius拿着她的备用报警器出现时，作者使用gasped，让Carolyn再次燃起希望，结果Julius一连串疯狂的语言描写又一次摧毁Carolyn的希望；最后（Then the door burst open， and the room was suddenly flooded with riot police.）Todd及时报警终于让坏人落网。
Step 3 背出彩佳句
一、情感心理描写
1.Seeing their task finished， they felt a sense of satisfaction.
看到任务完成了，他们感到一种满足感。
2.The news depresses her.
这个消息让她沮丧。
3.Tears filling her eyes， she offered her heartfelt gratitude.
她热泪盈眶，表示衷心的感谢。
二、动作描写
1.He beamed on his visitors.
他笑容满面地面对他的客人们。
2.I still remember the shock that rooted me flat against the wall.
我仍然记得当时我惊呆了，靠在墙上，一动不动。
3.The next day， it was a very sad girl who dragged into the principal’s office.
第二天，一个十分伤心的女孩，拖着脚步走进校长办公室。
4.Lucy’s mom sensed her daughter’s worry and gave her a reassuring pat on the back.
Lucy的妈妈察觉到了女儿的担忧，拍拍她的背安慰她。
5.Emily， moved and grateful， hugged Gowan and extended her appreciation.
Emily很感动也很感激，拥抱了Gowan，表达了她的感激之情。
6.The man took the sack， reached into his pocket and placed four coins in my hand.
那人接过麻袋，把手伸进自己的口袋，然后将4枚硬币放在我手里。
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
I encountered a sprite （小精灵） in the summer when I was five.My father had finally grown too sick to get out of bed， so the heat and tension in the air inside the house made it impossible to breathe.I would escape by squeezing under the front porch.All manner of creatures lived there， but I mostly ignored them， with the exception of a little frog who， every time I crawled （爬行） under the porch， stared at me with great， golden eyes.
In late June， the frog finally hopped toward my arm and stared at me， demanding eye contact.Once he had my attention， he opened his wide mouth and said， “Hello，Sophie.”
I should have been shocked， but for some reason， I wasn’t.Perhaps at five years old， I was more receptive to something against the laws of nature.At any rate， I was not shocked that a frog could speak.I had a more pressing question.
“How do you know my name？”
The frog blinked slowly， “I know everything.I am a sprite.”
I spoke， “You can’t be a sprite.You’re too small.”
He extended a long， webbed finger and pointed to the edge of the porch’s shadow — to the spot where my mother had tried to grow flowers for years.She had stopped trying when my father’s condition worsened.
“Look there，” commanded the frog， and I stared as a beautiful white flower blossomed as if stretching its limbs after a long sleep.In my five years， I had never seen anything so splendid.
Sprite and I became good friends that summer.I spent every day under the porch， talking to him.
Sometimes I asked the sprite questions.Sometimes he answered.Once， I asked him where Heaven was.
“Heaven，” he said， “is where I live.”
In August， my father’s illness continued worsening so that I was sent to my aunt’s house in Virginia.I told the sprite I would be back soon， and then waited for my father to get better in Virginia.
注意：1.续写词数应为150左右；
2.请按如下格式作答。
Six months later，I came back home for my father’s funeral.
Suddenly，an idea crossed my mind that my father might travel to Heaven.
第一步 细读原文，获取信息
1.故事要素
Who I， a frog， my father
When in the summer when I was five
Where under the front porch of my house
What My father was seriously ill.I met a frog that was a sprite with supernatural powers.I became good friends with the frog.
2.故事情节
“我”五岁那年的夏天，父亲病重。“我”常常躲在房子的前廊，并与自称是“小精灵”的青蛙不期而遇。当“我”质疑这只青蛙太小而不是小精灵的时候，它在“我”面前展现了使花朵绽放的神力。“我”问青蛙天堂在哪儿。它告诉“我”就在它住的地方。八月份，父亲的病越来越重，“我”被送到了弗吉尼亚州的姨母家里。
第二步 提取情节，发展线索
续写第一段的开头是“六个月之后，我回家参加父亲的葬礼”。由此可知，本段接下来会涉及作者回家之后的一些情况。可以先写只有五岁的“我”对父亲去世这件事情的不解，回忆六个月前父亲的状况。由原文第一段第二句中的My father had finally grown too sick to get out of bed可知，父亲的病情严重到必须卧床治疗的地步。再由原文最后一段第一句可知，8月份“我”被送到了弗吉尼亚州的姨母家里，因此后面可以写返回家后却找不到父亲的情节。然后再加入当时作为孩子的“我”可能有的心理活动，比如认为父亲只是暂时去了别的地方，为第二段想象父亲可能去了天堂作铺垫。
根据续写第二段的开头“突然，我的脑海里闪过父亲有可能去了天堂的想法”和上文青蛙自称小精灵，且告诉“我”它就住在天堂的内容可知，第二段可能会写“我”去寻找青蛙以找到父亲。本段最容易续写的一种结局是“我”没有找到青蛙，如果直接写找不到会有些唐突，因为距离上次见到青蛙已经有6个月了，而且由原文倒数第四段中的I spent every day under the porch，talking to him.可知，“我们”会面的地点是在前廊里，可以设想“我”因为个子长大再也不能挤进前廊里，所以再也没看到青蛙，父亲也再也没有回来。
第三步 理清情节，发展脉络
续写第一段：六个月后，“我”回家参加父亲的葬礼→“我”不明白死亡对“我”意味着什么→回想起父亲在“我”离开前一直卧床接受治疗→现在回家后“我”却找不到父亲了→他一定藏在某个地方，因为人不能凭空消失→母亲告诉“我”他已经离开了，“我”认为父亲是去了另一个城镇。
续写第二段：“我”的脑海中闪过父亲有可能去了天堂的想法→“我”跑到前廊去寻找青蛙以找到父亲→六个月中“我”已经长高了很多，再也挤不进前廊了→“我”整个下午坐在前廊的前面呼唤，希望有人来回应“我”→父亲没有回来，青蛙也没从隐藏的地方跳出来→“我”伤心地哭起来。
第四步 列出要点，串联线索
Paragraph 1：what death meant→had been lying in bed→had been receiving medical treatment→nowhere to be found→must be hiding somewhere→disappear without saying goodbye→had “passed on”→had traveled to another town
Paragraph 2：how to find my father→ran to the front porch→had grown during those six months→could no longer squeeze under the porch→called for someone→jumped out of its hiding spot→started to cry
第五步 斟词酌句，连句成篇
Six months later，I came back home for my father’s funeral.
Suddenly，an idea crossed my mind that my father might travel to Heaven.
动作描写 analyse v.分析 assess v.评价，评定 bank on 依靠，指望 demand v.要求n.需要，需求 frown v.皱眉
人物描写 assistant n.助手，助理→assist v.帮助 victim n.受害者 capacity n.能力，才能→capable adj.有能力的 agile adj.敏捷的，灵活的 desperate adj.拼命的，绝望的
描写词汇 potentially adv.潜在地 tightly adv.紧紧地 bound adj.可能的 consistent adj.一贯的，一致的
请从以上语料中选择合适的词汇，并用适当的过渡词完成下面语段。
我帮助爸爸修剪草坪以赚取零用钱。他告诉邻居们我能胜任这项工作，并提出了一个他们无法拒绝的价格。每次我出去割草时，爸爸都要求我把工作做好。一天下午，爸爸叫住我，大声喊道：“嘿，儿子，你漏了一块。”我皱着眉头，希望他能原谅我并知道我非常想回家。然而，他是我指望不上的人。工作完成后，在回家的路上，爸爸温柔地说：“尽你所能做到完美，你就一定能把生活中的每件事都做好。”然后，他紧紧地抱住了我。
提示：完成课后作业 UNIT 4 Section Ⅳ
1 / 3Section Ⅲ Developing ideas
A Boy’s Best Friend
Mr Anderson said， “Where’s Jimmy， dear？”“Out on the crater①，” said Mrs Anderson.“Robutt is with him.Did he arrive？” “Yes.He’s at the rocket station， going through② the tests.[1]I haven’t really seen one since I left Earth 15 years ago.”
“Jimmy has never seen one， ” said Mrs Anderson.
“Because he’s Moon-born and can’t visit Earth.That’s why I’m bringing one here.I think it’s the first one ever on the Moon.”
Jimmy was out on the crater， as his mother had said.His arms and legs were long and agile③.[2]He looked thicker and stubbier④ with his spacesuit on， but he could handle the lunar gravity⑤ as no Earth-born human being could.[3]The outer side of the crater sloped⑥ southward and the Earth， which was low in the southern sky，was nearly full， so that the entire⑦ crater-slope was brightly lit.The slope was a gentle one and even the weight of the spacesuit couldn’t keep Jimmy from⑧ racing up it in a floating hop⑨ that made the gravity seem nonexistent.
“Come on， Robutt，” he shouted.Robutt，who could hear him by radio， squeaked⑩ and bounded after.
[1]since引导时间状语从句，从句常用一般过去时，主句用现在完成时或现在完成进行时。
[2]本句为but连接的两个并列句；as引导比较状语从句。
[3]and连接两个并列句，which引导非限制性定语从句；so that引导结果状语从句。
[4]Jimmy， expert though he was， couldn’t outrace Robutt， who didn’t need a spacesuit， and had four legs and tendons of steel.[5]Jimmy couldn’t go wrong while Robutt was around， tripping him when he was too near a rock， or jumping on him to show how much he loved him， or circling around and squeaking low and scared when Jimmy hid behind a rock， when all the time Robutt knew well enough where he was.
[4]though引导让步状语从句，此处为倒装结构；who引导非限制性定语从句。
[5]while引导条件状语从句；how much he loved him为宾语从句；where引导宾语从句。
He heard his father’s voice on his private wavelength .“Jimmy， come back.I have something [6]to tell you.”
Mr Anderson was smiling.“We have something for you， Jimmy.It’s at the rocket station now， but we’ll have it tomorrow after all the tests are over.”
“From Earth， Dad？”
“A dog from Earth， son.The first dog on the Moon.You won’t need Robutt any more.We can’t keep them both， and some other boy or girl will have Robutt.” He seemed to be waiting for Jimmy to say something， then he said， “You know what a dog is， Jimmy.It’s the real thing.Robutt’s only a mechanical imitation ， a robot-mutt.That’s [7]how he got his name.”
[6]动词不定式短语to tell you作后置定语，修饰something。
[7]how引导表语从句。
Jimmy frowned .“Robutt isn’t an imitation， Dad.”
“Robutt’s just steel and wiring and a simple positronic brain.”
“He does everything [8]I want him to do， Dad.He understands me.”
“No， son.Robutt is just a machine.It’s just programmed to act the way [9]it does.A dog is alive.You’ll see the difference once he gets here.”
[8]I want him to do为省略了that的定语从句，修饰先行词everything。
[9]it does 为省略了that或in which的定语从句，修饰先行词the way。
Jimmy looked at Robutt， who was squeaking again， a very low， slow squeak that seemed frightened .Jimmy held out his arms and Robutt was in them in one bound.
Jimmy said， “What will the difference be between Robutt and the dog？”
“It’s hard to explain，” said Mr Anderson， “but it will be easy to see.The dog will really love you.Robutt is just adjusted to act as though it loves you.”
“But， Dad， we don’t know what’s inside the dog， or what his feelings are.Maybe it’s just acting， too.”
Mr Anderson frowned.“Jimmy， you’ll know the difference when you experience the love of a living thing.”
Jimmy held Robutt tightly .He was frowning， too， and the desperate look on his face meant that he wouldn’t change his mind .He said， “But what’s the difference how they act？ How about how I feel？ I love Robutt and that’s what counts .”
And the little robot-mutt， which had never been held so tightly in all its existence， squeaked high and rapid squeaks — happy squeaks.
（Adaptation of excerpts from “A Boy’s Best Friend” by Isaac Asimov）
【读文清障】
①crater n.（物体坠落、炸弹爆炸等在地上造成的）坑
②go through
经受；经历；通过
③agile adj.敏捷的，灵活的
④stubby adj.短而粗的；矮壮的
⑤gravity n.重力，引力
⑥slope v.倾斜，成斜坡
⑦entire adj.全部的，整个的
⑧keep sb from doing sth阻止某人做某事
⑨hop n.跳跃
⑩squeak v.发出吱吱声
bound v.跳跃着跑
outrace v.胜过；超过……的速度
tendon n.腱
go wrong 出错，出故障
trip v.把……绊倒；使跌倒n.旅行；（尤指短程往返的）旅游
circle v.转圈
hide behind
藏在……后面
wavelength n.波长
mechanical adj.机械的
imitation n.仿制品
frown v.皱眉
wiring n.（给建筑物或机器供电的）线路
positronic adj.正电子的
program v.编写程序
frightened adj.害怕的，惊吓的
hold out 伸出（手或手里的东西）
the difference between ...and ...
……和……之间的不同
adjust v.调整，调节
tightly adv.紧紧地
hold sb tightly
紧紧地抱着某人
desperate adj.拼命的，绝望的
be desperate for
极度渴望得到
change one’s mind
改变主意
count v.重要，有重要性
【参考译文】
男孩的挚友
安德森先生问：“亲爱的，吉米在哪儿？”“在外面的环形山上，”安德森太太回答道，“罗布特跟吉米在一起。它到了吗？”“是的，它在火箭站，正在接受测试。自从15年前我离开地球后，就从没见过真正的狗了。”
“吉米从来没见过狗。”安德森太太说。
“因为吉米是在月球上出生的，他不能去地球。所以我要带过来一只。我觉得这应该是月球上有史以来的第一只狗。”
正如吉米妈妈所说，他在外面的环形山上。吉米手长脚长，行动灵活。穿着太空服的吉米虽看起来臃肿矮胖了一些，但他能承受月球引力，而在地球出生的人是不能承受这种引力的。环形山外侧向南倾斜，南面天空下方的地球全部显现出来，因此整个环形山山坡明亮了起来。山坡非常平缓，即使吉米穿着厚重的太空服，也不能阻碍他跳着跃向山坡，就好像引力不存在一样。
“快过来，罗布特。”他大喊。靠电波辨认声音的罗布特发出叫声，跳着跑向吉米。
论速度，吉米虽然是个能手，但他比不过罗布特，因为它有四条腿和钢铁做的肌腱，还不用穿太空服。只要有罗布特相伴，吉米就没有危险。当吉米过于靠近一块岩石时，它会扑倒他；罗布特还会扑向他，以表达爱意；当吉米藏在岩石后，罗布特就原地打转，低吼，战战兢兢，不论什么时候，罗布特都对吉米的位置了如指掌。
吉米通过自己的专属波长接收到了爸爸的声音，“吉米，回来一下。我有事情要和你说。”
安德森先生面带微笑，“吉米，我们有东西要给你，它现在就在火箭站，但是要等到明天所有测试结束后，我们才能接到它。”
“是从地球来的吗，爸爸？”
“是从地球来的小狗，儿子，是月球上的第一只狗。你将不再需要罗布特了。我们不能同时要两只，其他的孩子会收养罗布特。”他好像在等吉米说点什么，接着又说，“你会知道什么才是真正的狗，吉米。狗是有生命的。罗布特仅仅是机械仿制品，是一只机器狗罢了。所以它才叫罗布特。”
吉米皱皱眉头，“爸爸，罗布特不是仿制品。”
“罗布特只是用钢铁和电线制造的，只有一个简单的正电子大脑。”
“爸爸，我想让它做什么，它都能做到，它懂我。”
“不是这样的，儿子。罗布特只是一个机器。它的反应只不过是按照编好的程序去做而已。真正的狗是有生命的。等小狗来了，你就会明白二者的不同之处了。”
吉米看着又在吼叫的罗布特，它的叫声非常低沉缓慢，好像受到了惊吓。吉米伸出双臂，罗布特一跃跳了上去。
吉米问：“那罗布特和真正的小狗有什么不一样呢？”
“这很难解释。”安德森先生说，“但用眼睛看的话，会很容易。小狗会真的爱你，而罗布特只是设定好，假装很爱你。”
“但是，爸爸，我们并不知道小狗真正想的是什么，它是什么感觉。可能它也只是在假装。”
安德森先生眉头一皱，“吉米，如果你体验过一个生命体对你的爱时，你就会明白其中的不同。”
吉米紧紧抱着罗布特。他也皱着眉头，脸上的坚定表明他不愿改变心意。他说：“那它们在行为上有什么不一样？那我的想法呢？我爱罗布特，我觉得这是最重要的。”
小小的机器狗自出现以来从未被抱得那么紧，它发出尖细且急促的叫声，那是快乐的叫声。
（节选自艾萨克·阿西莫夫的《男孩的挚友》）
第一步：析架构理清脉络
Read the passage quickly and then fill in the blanks.
第二步：知细节明察秋毫
Read the passage carefully and choose the best answers.
1.How long had the family lived on the Moon？（ ）
A.15 years. B.14 years.
C.16 years. D.13 years.
2.What can we learn from Paragraph 4？（ ）
A.Jimmy was thicker and stubbier than Earth-born human being.
B.Jimmy was well adapted to the gravity on the Moon.
C.The spacesuit was too light，and its gravity was nonexistent.
D.The entire crater was brightly lit by the nearly full Earth.
3.How did Jimmy talk with his father？（ ）
A.Face to face. B.By telephone.
C.By network. D.By radio.
4.We can learn from the passage that .（ ）
A.Jimmy’s father didn’t like Robutt
B.Robutt is completely different from a real dog
C.Jimmy is much lighter than Earth-born humans
D.Despite his father’s advice， Jimmy would keep Robutt
5.What will the passage talk about in the following paragraphs？（ ）
A.The difference between the real dog and Robutt.
B.Whether his father will be angry.
C.Whether Jimmy will give up Robutt or not.
D.Jimmy will hold Robutt tightly.
第三步：拓思维品质提升
Discuss the following questions with your partner.
1.Can you guess what Jimmy’s final decision is？
2.If you’re Jimmy， which one will you finally choose？ Robutt or a real dog？
第四步：析难句表达升级
1.He looked thicker and stubbier with his spacesuit on，but he could handle the lunar gravity as no Earth-born human being could.
句式分析 本句为but连接的 句。前一个分句中，with复合结构作 ；后一个分句中，as引导 从句。
自主翻译
2.The outer side of the crater sloped southward and the Earth， which was low in the southern sky， was nearly full， so that the entire crater-slope was brightly lit.
句式分析 本句为主从复合句。which引导 从句，修饰the Earth，在从句中作主语；so that引导 从句。
自主翻译
3.Jimmy couldn’t go wrong while Robutt was around，tripping him when he was too near a rock，or jumping on him to show how much he loved him，or circling around and squeaking low and scared when Jimmy hid behind a rock， when all the time Robutt knew well enough where he was.
句式分析 本句为主从复合句。本句句子主干为Jimmy couldn’t go wrong。while引导 从句；or连接三个并列的动词-ing短语作 状语。在三个动词-ing短语中，分别含有两个when引导的时间状语从句和一个how much引导的 从句；最后一个when引导 从句，在这个从句中含有where引导的 从句。
自主翻译
Part Ⅰ 核心词汇集释
desperate adj.拼命的，绝望的；非常需要的
【教材原句】 He was frowning， too， and the desperate look on his face meant that he wouldn’t change his mind.他也皱着眉头，脸上的坚定表明他不愿改变心意。
【用法】
（1）be desperate for sth 渴望某物
be desperate to do sth 渴望做某事
（2）desperation n. 绝望；拼命；铤而走险
in desperation 在绝望中；拼命地
（3）desperately adv. 拼命地，绝望地；极度地
【佳句】 The children in the remote mountain areas are desperate for necessary teaching instruments.
偏远山区的孩子们迫切需要必要的教学工具。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①He wanted that job （desperate）， and was disappointed when he failed to get it.
②When the bad news reached her， she screamed in （desperate）.
【写美】 补全句子
③ ， I do hope you can offer me the opportunity.
我渴望成为一名志愿者，我的确希望您能给我这个机会。
in shock 吃惊地；处于极度震惊状态
【教材原句】 Todd cried out in shock ... 托德吓得大叫起来……
【用法】
（1）shock n.休克；打击；吃惊；令人震惊的事
v.（使）震惊；震动
in a state of shock 大为震惊
come as a shock 震惊
（2）shocked adj. 震惊的；惊讶的
be shocked at/by 对……吃惊
be shocked to do sth 做某事很吃惊
（3）shocking adj.令人震惊的；令人气愤的
【佳句】 He was still in shock from what had happened in the afternoon.
他仍在为下午所发生的事感到震惊。
【点津】 shocked多用来形容人，shocking常用来形容事物。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①People were shock — and then， later that afternoon， another big quake shook Tangshan again.
②All of us were shocked many deaths caused by the heavy rain.
【写美】 一句多译
③听说约翰的心脏病发作，我们非常震惊。
→Hearing about John’s heart attack， we .（adj.shocked）
→Hearing about John’s heart attack， we were .（n.shock）
→We about John’s heart attack.（adj.shocked）
faulty adj.有故障的，有缺陷的
【教材原句】 Another prison breakout：faulty robotics blamed.
另一起越狱事件：机器人技术有问题。
【用法】
fault n. 过错；缺点；故障
find fault with ... 对……不满/挑剔
be at fault 有过错；有责任
It is one’s fault that ... ……是某人的错
【佳句】 Owners of affected cars can go to their dealerships to have the faulty part replaced.
受影响汽车的车主可以到经销商那里更换有问题的部件。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①Consumers are encouraged to complain about （fault） goods.
②Life can be great when you are not busy finding fault it.
③When a quarrel happens in a family， it is very hard to say who is fault.
【写美】 补全句子
④ she is lonely.
她感到孤单，这不是你的错。
make comments on 对……作出评论
【教材原句】 Now make comments on your partner’s story and see whether the language style is consistent.
现在对你搭档的故事发表评论，看看语言风格是否一致。
【用法】
（1）comment n. 评论
make a comment/comments on 对……作出评论
no comment 无可奉告
（2）comment v. 评论；批评
comment on/upon ... 对……评论
comment that ... 评论……
【佳句】 Facing the reporter’s question， he declined to make comments on the event.
面对记者的提问，他拒绝对这次事件发表评论。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①He refused to make any comment the accident that happened the day before yesterday.
②Tom made some helpful （comment） on the plan.
【写美】 一句多译
③评论别人的外表是不礼貌的。
→It is impolite to other’s appearance.（comment v.）
→It is impolite to other’s appearance.（comment n.）
consistent adj.一贯的，一致的，始终如一的
【教材原句】 Now make comments on your partner’s story and see whether the language style is consistent.现在对你搭档的故事发表评论，看看语言风格是否一致。
【用法】
（1）be consistent with 与……一致或吻合
be consistent in 在……方面一致
（2）consistently adv. 一贯地，一致地，始终如一地
（3）consistency n. 一致性，连贯性
【佳句】 The results are entirely consistent with our earlier research.
这些结果与我们早些时候的研究完全吻合。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①Whatever method you choose，you must （consistent） stick with it.
②We must be consistent what we say and do.
【写美】 补全句子
③To our delight， the result of the experiment what we expected.
使我们高兴的是，实验结果完全符合我们的预期。
Part Ⅱ 重点句型解构
so that引导结果状语从句
【教材原句】 The outer side of the crater sloped southward and the Earth， which was low in the southern sky， was nearly full， so that the entire crater-slope was brightly lit.
环形山外侧向南倾斜， 南面天空下方的地球全部显现出来，因此整个环形山山坡明亮了起来。
【用法】
（1）so that引导结果状语从句，意为“因此；结果”，主从句之间有时用逗号隔开。
（2）so that引导目的状语从句时，从句中通常有may， might， can， could等情态动词，主从句之间不能用逗号隔开，意为“为的是……；以便于……”。
（3）so that引导目的状语从句时可以与in order that互换，但so that不能置于句首。
【品悟】 Every student may have different weak and strong subjects， so they should learn from each other so that/in order that they can have more advantages than disadvantages.每个学生都会有不同的弱科和强科，所以他们应该互相学习，这样比起劣势来，他们就可以有更多的优势。
【写美】 微写作/句型转换
①我想告知你一些详细的信息，以便你能为此做好充分的准备。
I’d like to inform you of some detailed information .
②我去听演讲去得早，因此找了一个好座位。
I went to the lecture early， .
③He set out early so that he could arrive there in advance.
→He set out early arrive there in advance.
→He set out early arrive there in advance.
提示：完成课后作业 UNIT 4 Section Ⅲ
9 / 9Section Ⅱ Using language
主谓一致（2）
①It used to feel like 50 per cent of my time was spent researching new restaurants.
②As it is， almost 50 per cent of US jobs are at risk from automation in the next 20 years.
③Nearly every job is potentially at risk in the long run.
④Every recommendation she gives me is great since she can predict if I will like a particular restaurant.
⑤The truth is that none of us is prepared for the challenges of AI.
⑥I believe most of the value of AI lies in its capacity to analyse and interpret vast amounts of data ...
【我的发现】
1.由句①②可知，“百分数＋of＋名词”结构作主语时，谓语动词的单复数由 决定。
2.由句③④可知，“every＋单数可数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用 数形式。
3.由句⑤可知，当none作主语或主语被none修饰时，谓语动词一般用 数形式。
4.由句⑥可知，“most of＋不可数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用 数形式。
一、语法一致原则
1.概述
主语和谓语动词之间的一致关系主要表现在“数”的形式上，即用作主语的名词词组中心词和谓语动词在单复数形式上的一致。如果名词中心词是可数名词复数，谓语动词就用复数形式；如果名词中心词不是复数，而是可数名词单数或不可数名词，谓语动词就用单数形式。
2.用法
（1）不可数名词或可数名词单数形式作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式；可数名词的复数形式作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。
These toys are designed for children under three years old.
这些玩具是为三岁以下儿童设计的。
Every part is carefully checked before they are put together.
组装之前，每一个零部件都要仔细检查。
（2）当主语被不定代词修饰或主语本身是不定代词either， neither， each， one， the other， another， anybody， anyone， anything， somebody， someone， something， everybody， everyone， everything， nobody， no one， nothing 等时，谓语动词用单数形式。
Nothing is impossible to a willing heart.
世上无难事，只怕有心人。
Each of the students has a book.
每个学生都有一本书。
（3）单个的动词不定式、动词-ing形式（短语）或主语从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数形式。
Swimming in rivers in summer is a good sport， but to swim in rivers in winter needs great willpower.
夏天在河里游泳是一项很好的运动，但冬天在河里游泳需要极大的意志力。
名师点津
what引导的主语从句作主语时，谓语动词的单复数取决于作表语的名词的单复数。
What we need is more money， but what they need are books.
我们需要的是更多的钱，但他们需要的是书。
（4）主语是由“many a＋名词”或“more than one＋名词”构成，其意义虽为复数，但是谓语动词仍然用单数形式。
More than one person was injured in the accident.
不止一人在这次事故中受伤。
Many a person has been cheated by such tricks.
许多人都已被这类骗局所欺骗。
（5）“quantities of＋复数名词/不可数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式；“a quantity of＋复数名词/不可数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。
Large quantities of time were spent on rehearsal.
大量的时间被花在排练上。
A quantity of nuts is on the table.
桌子上有大量的坚果。
（6）当主语是“most/some/half/the rest/分数/百分数＋of＋名词”时，如果of后面的名词表示单数概念或为不可数名词，则谓语动词用单数形式；如果of后面的名词表示复数概念，则谓语动词用复数形式。
Two thirds of the students support the plan.
三分之二的学生支持这项计划。
Three fourths of the surface of the earth is sea.
地球表面的四分之三是海洋。
Eighty per cent of the employees in the company are from Beijing.
公司80%的员工来自北京。
（7）a great deal of，a large amount of修饰不可数名词时，谓语动词通常用单数形式；large amounts of修饰不可数名词时，谓语动词通常用复数形式。
A large amount of grain has been eaten by birds.
大量的谷物被鸟吃掉了。
Large amounts of grain have been eaten by birds.
大量的谷物被鸟吃掉了。
（8）“a number of＋名词复数”作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式，意为“大量，许多”；“the number of＋复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式，意为“……的数量”。
Nowadays，a large number of women，especially those from the countryside， work in the clothing industry.
当前，很多妇女，特别是那些来自乡村的妇女，都在服装厂工作。
The number of foreign students attending Chinese universities has been rising steadily since 1990.
在中国上大学的外国留学生的数量自从1990年以来在稳步增长。
【即时演练1】 单句语法填空
①Fifty per cent of the students in our school （be） girls.
②The rest of the novel （be） very wonderful and instructive.
③During the training stage， each dog （be） shown only the upper half or the lower half of the person’s face.
④BMI is an internationally recognized measurement tool that gives an indication of whether someone （be） a healthy weight.
⑤Large quantities of grain （send） to the earthquake-stricken area since three days ago.
⑥When and where to build the new first-aid center （decide） yet.
⑦Walking after supper （be） of great benefit to our health.
二、就近一致原则
1.概述
谓语动词的单复数形式取决于最靠近它的词语（主要指名词）的单复数形式，这种一致关系所依据的原则叫作就近一致原则。
2.用法
（1）由or， either ...or ...， neither ...nor ...， whether ...or ...， not only ...but also ...， not ...but ...等连接的并列名词作主语时，谓语动词常与最邻近的主语在单复数上保持一致。
Not only the students but also the teacher wants to go climbing.
不仅学生们想去爬山，老师也想。
Either Mary or you are to blame for the fault.
要么玛丽要么你应为这个过失负责。
名师点津
“with/along with/together with/as well as/except＋名词”置于主语后充当插入语时，谓语动词一般仍与前面的名词在单复数上保持一致。
Pronunciation， as well as grammar and vocabulary， changes very quickly from one area to another.
与语法和词汇一样，发音因地区差异而变化很快。
（2）在There be句型中，谓语动词要和离它最近的主语保持一致。
There is a pen， two books and many pencils on the desk.
桌子上有一支钢笔、两本书和许多铅笔。
There are two books， a pen and many pencils on the desk.
桌子上有两本书、一支钢笔和许多铅笔。
【即时演练2】 单句语法填空
①The factory， including its equipment and buildings， （be） burnt last night.
②A teacher， together with four students， （send） to help with this research last week.
③The teacher as well as the students （be） interested in the project.
④Not only he but also all his family （be） keen on concerts.
⑤Either they or I （be） responsible for the result of the matter.
⑥There （be） a plate， two cups and three spoons on the table.
⑦Tom， along with his friends， （go） swimming every Sunday.
assess v.评价，评定
【教材原句】 Bobby was assessed and his talents were revealed to be mostly scientific ...
对博比进行了评估，发现他的天赋主要是科学方面的……
【用法】
（1）assess sth at 估定某物值……钱
assess ...as ... 评定……为……
assess the importance of 估计……的重要性
（2）assessment n. 评价，评定
【佳句】 When the experts assess the project， many factors need to be taken into account.
当专家们评估这个项目时，许多因素都需要被考虑进去。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①They assess his old car bought seven years ago 15，000 yuan.
②The teacher’s （assess） of the students’ performance was fair and objective.
【写美】 补全句子
③We are trying to .
我们正设法评估这个系统运行得是否顺畅。
bound adj.可能的；很可能会；一定会；有义务（做某事）的；准备前往（某地）
【教材原句】 Some of these ideas may sound far ahead of their time， but I’m sure they’re bound to happen sooner or later！这些观点中的有些可能听起来太领先于时代了，但我相信它们迟早会实现！
【用法】
be bound to do ... 很有可能/肯定会做……
be bound for ... 准备前往（某地）
【佳句】 If you keep on working hard like this， chances are bound to favour you.
如果你继续像这样努力工作的话，机会一定会垂青你的。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①He said that he was bound New York.
【写美】 补全句子
②You at those fantastic exhibitions.
你一定会为那些精彩的展览感到兴奋。
demand n.需要，需求 v.需要，强烈要求
【教材原句】 ...with companies intending to provide on-demand services.
……公司打算提供按需服务。
【用法】
（1）be in demand 有需要
on demand 一经要求
（2）demand sth 要求某物
demand to do sth 要求做某事
demand that sb （should） do sth 要求某人（应该）做某事
【佳句】 Due to popular demand， a writing project will be started for eager beginners.
应公众的要求，一个为热切的初学者（设立的）写作项目即将开展。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①His novels are great demand in this city.
②The teacher came to the classroom and demanded （tell） what was going on just now.
【写美】 补全句子
③The head teacher demanded that the blackboard before every class.
班主任要求每节课前把黑板擦干净。
提示：完成课后作业 UNIT 4 Section Ⅱ
6 / 6单元素养提升
◇本单元语法学了什么内容？ ◇自我评价
◇本单元写作练了哪个方面？
回顾单元知识·提高语言能力
一、核心单词
1. n.受害者
2. n.能力，才能
3. n.剧变
4. v.控制，管理
5. n.客户，客人，顾客
6. v.引用，引述
7. n.细胞
8. adj.可能的
9. n.自行车
10. n.需要，需求
11. v.倾斜，成斜坡
12. n.跳跃
13. v.皱眉
14. n.线索，提示
15. adj.一贯的，一致的
Ⅰ.选用上面单词并用其适当形式填空
1.All added up to the following： the police were wrong and he was innocent.
2.Many people became in that earthquake， which made the whole nation feel sorrowful.
3.My mother， whose guiding principle in life was doing right， had a influence on me.
4.I feel like that my has reached the point where I can compete for Olympic medals.
5.Now that you have done so much work， you’re to win the speech contest.
6.People who a lot usually develop deep lines as they get older.
7.The customers that the company improve the product quality.
二、拓展单词
1. adj.人造的，人工的→artificiality n.人工，人造物→artificially adv.人工地，不自然地
2. n.助手，助理→assist v.帮助，援助，协助→assistance n.帮助，援助，协助
3. adv.潜在地→potential adj.潜在的，有可能的；n.可能性，潜力，潜能
4. v.分析→analysis n.分析
5. adj.非法的，违法的→illegally adv.违法地
6. adj.不道德的，道德败坏的→immorality n.不道德；伤风败俗的行为→immorally adv.不道德地
7. v.评价，评定→assessment n.评价，评定
8. adj.机械的→mechanically adv.机械地
9. n.仿制品→imitate v.模仿，仿效
10. adv.紧紧地→tight adj.紧紧的
11. adj.拼命的，绝望的→desperately adv.拼命地，绝望地，极度地
12. adj.有故障的，有缺陷的→fault n.过错；缺陷；故障
Ⅱ.用所给单词的适当形式填空
1.Scenes of crime and violence on screen often lead to dangerous （imitate）， which is often done by children.
2.The scientist urged people to use new types of （analyse） to solve the problems of the universe.
3.Police arrested over 40 people suspected of （illegal） collecting and purchasing personal data.
4.The store manager called for two （assist） to help the customers.
5.The （assess） of the situation indicates that there are many challenges ahead.
6.I tried （desperate） hard not to reveal my true thoughts but failed.
7.The actors spoke their lines （mechanical）， hardly caring about the meaning.
8.It is out of the question to acknowledge that he was （fault） and guilty.
三、重点短语
1. 发生在某人身上
2. 到目前为止
3. 过去常常
4. 相比之下
5. 闲逛
6. 易受……影响
7. 能够
8. 彻底消灭；全部摧毁
9. 存在，在于
10. 对……取得一致意见
11. 经受；经历；通过
12. ……和……之间的不同
13. 似乎，好像
14. 改变某人的想法
15. 很有可能，肯定会
Ⅲ.选用上面短语并用其适当形式填空
1.The foundations of good health love， laughter and self-confidence.
2.With the further growth in economy， people’s living condition improve.
3.He achieving success in his career， if he can overcome his current difficulties.
4.He must have many difficulties before he succeeded.
5.My sister often in the biggest shopping mall in the downtown after work and bought something needed.
6.Not everyone agrees to the plan.Some support it， while I am one of those who are opposed to it.But I won’t .
四、经典句式
1.either ...or ...连接并列成分
In the words of Professor Stephen Hawking， artificial intelligence will be “ （最好或最坏的事情）， ever to happen to humanity”.
2.if引导的条件状语从句的省略
（否则）， it might wipe us all out！
3.so that引导结果状语从句
The outer side of the crater sloped southward and the Earth， which was low in the southern sky，was nearly full， （因此整个环形山山坡明亮了起来）.
Ⅳ.句式仿写
1. is to attend the meeting that is to be held tomorrow.
要么你要么你的一个同学去参加明天召开的会议。
2. luggage for someone else， inform the police at once.
如果有人要你替他照看行李，立即通知警察。
3.He ran the fastest among all the players， .
他在所有运动员中跑得最快，因此获得了第一名。
整合话题元素·增强思维品质
一、人工智能的正面影响
1.achievement n. 成就
2.thanks to 多亏
3.personal assistant 私人助理
4.immediate adj. 立即的，立刻的
5.preference n. 偏好
6.recommendation n. 推荐
7.great adj. 极好的
8.be susceptible to 易受……影响
9.useful adj. 有用的
10.advanced adj. 高级的
11.be capable of 能够
12.exercise v. 运用；练习
13.solve v. 解决
14.valuable adj. 有价值的
15.automation n. 自动化
16.lie in 在于
17.capacity n. 能力
18.analyse v. 分析
19.interpret v. 解释，解析
20.vast adj. 巨大的
21.data n. 数据
22.leap n. 剧变
二、人工智能的负面影响
1.independently adv. 独立地
2.risk n. 风险
3.desire n. 欲望
4.inconvenience n. 不便
5.lose job 失业
6.victim n. 受害者
7.potentially adv. 潜在地
8.in the long run 从长远来看
9.replace v. 代替
10.challenging adj. 具有挑战性的
11.go wrong 出错
12.fall into the wrong hands 落入坏人之手
13.dangerous adj. 危险的
14.illegal adj. 非法的，违法的
15.immoral adj. 不道德的，道德败坏的
16.faulty adj. 有故障的，有缺陷的
三、未来人工智能
1.predict v. 预测
2.available adj. 可获得的，可得到的
3.hit the market 上市
4.ideal adj. 理想的
5.result in 导致
6.paradox n. 悖论
7.contradict v. 相矛盾
8.travel back in time 时光倒流
9.time travel 时间旅行
10.look forward to 期望，盼望
11.be likely to do sth 可能做某事
12.bank on 依靠，指望
13.on the horizon 将要发生
14.get one’s hopes up 使某人抱有希望
15.when it comes to 当谈到……
16.reckon v. 认为，以为
17.eliminate v. 消除，排除
18.around the corner 即将来临
19.ahead of one’s time 领先于时代
20.be bound to 很有可能，肯定会
21.sooner or later 迟早，早晚
5 / 5学习讲义部分
UNIT 1 Face values
单元话题导入
1.appearance； inner 2.loyalty； challenges； selfless
Section Ⅰ Starting out & Understanding ideas
【文本透析·剖语篇】
第一步
1.plain-looking 2.addicted 3.confidence 4.misjudge
5.care about 6.worthless 7.overlooked 8.bothered
9.beauty 10.being healthy
第二步
1－4 DCBC
第三步
1.Both of them are important， but inner beauty is more important.As we all know， external beauty will fade with time passing by， but inner beauty lasts long.
2.Being healthy， energetic， happy， and positive.
第四步
1.（1）I’m a girl who’d love to look good.Well，who wouldn’t？
（2）It felt bizarre at first.I didn’t like being reviewed from head to toe.
（3）I realised that my health， mental and physical，is the most important thing.
2.（1）People who pretend to be someone they are not tend to misjudge themselves.
（2）Although she’s larger than most other models， she’s really attractive and has the confidence to be herself — even in an industry full of beauty stereotypes.
第五步
1.that 主语 表语
爸爸觉得我太自恋，但我的解释是，我的照片没伤害其他人，有谁在乎呢？
2.定语 定语 that
那些把自己包装成别人的人，只会对自己产生错误的判断。
3.表语 非限制性定语
那就是我永远无法理解我姐姐的原因，她有17支口红，每天早上都不知道该用哪支好。
4.主语 宾语 定语 宾语
我真正钦佩她的一点是，她认可健康的身体不仅使我们更美丽，而且更快乐！
【核心知识·巧突破】
核心词汇集释
1.①to be ②to learn ③Many farmers desire that the present policy （should） not be changed. It is many farmers’ desire that the present policy （should） not be changed.
2.①to be ②to be doing ③to have grasped ④not to have known
3.①往往会 ②照顾，照料 ③tends to get things done creatively； has a tendency to get things done creatively
4.①in ②identically ③are identical to/with
5.①with ②impressive ③were impressed at/with/by； made/left/had a deep impression on
6.①to recover ②to protect ③spares no effort to raise
7.①花费时间精力（做某事） ②打扰，烦扰 ③asking
④to correct ⑤put you to any bother； bother you
8.①being defeated/having been defeated ②was widely acknowledged as/to be； It is widely acknowledged that
重点句型解构
1.That was why he was late for work； That was because he overslept this morning； The reason why Tom was late for work
2.①It is five years since ②Ever since then I haven’t found any time to go skating ③自从我离开这家公司已经三年多了。
Section Ⅱ Using language
【重难语法·要攻克】
我的发现
1.连接代词 宾语 2.it
即时演练1
①that ②whether/if ③that ④Whether ⑤whether/if
即时演练2
①what ②Which ③Why ④how you’re dressed
⑤Where the English evening party will be held
⑥Whoever wants to go climbing
即时演练3
①has ②is ③are
【知识要点·须拾遗】
①on ②assumed ③that
④Assuming （that） I am chosen to be chairman
Section Ⅲ Developing ideas
【文本透析·剖语篇】
第一步
1.captured 2.mercy 3.death 4.sadness 5.rescued
第二步
1－4 CBAA
第三步
Only Esmeralda would take pity on him and bring water to Quasimodo’s lips who cried out for thirst.Esmeralda made him feel the warmth of the human heart for the first time.From then on， he put all his life and passion for Esmeralda.He would go through fire and water for her and sacrifice everything for her happiness.
第四步
1.时间状语
每一刻，随着埃斯梅拉达的目光从卡西莫多的弯腿移到驼背，再从他的驼背移到独眼上，她都在他身上发现一些新的毛病。
2.倒装
我从来没像现在这般明白自己的丑陋。
3.宾语 原因状语
我不知道我是什么，因为我比卵石还要粗硬、受压迫、不显眼！
【核心知识·巧突破】
核心词汇集释
1.①merciful ②to ③at the mercy of the weather
2.①to ②announce sentence on
3.①to compete ②in ③attempted to impress； made an attempt to impress/at impressing
重点句型解构
1.①followed by her little daughter ②Encouraged by his uncle
2.①can we make a difference ②can practicing Chinese kungfu build up one’s strength but also ③do some people attach to satisfying their own needs
Section Ⅳ Writing about a literary work
【演练佳作·写美文】
写作步骤
二、1.The novel The Million Pound Bank Note was written by Mark Twain.
2.He is a great American writer.
3.Through his humorous and sarcastic language， Mark Twain successfully depicted an unbelievable adventure of Henry Adams， a penniless American in London.
4.Two rich brothers in London have a bet on Henry and want to see what will become of him a month later if they give him a million pound bank note which can’t be cashed for even a penny.
5.A month later， Henry is neither starved nor arrested.
6.Henry becomes a millionaire dramatically.
7.He even wins the love of a pretty lady.
8.One obvious theme of the novel is the criticism of the money worship.
9.In the story， it also reveals the ridiculous British society at that time.
三、1.The novel The Million Pound Bank Note was written by Mark Twain， a great American writer.
2.A month later， Henry is neither starved nor arrested， but becomes a millionaire dramatically.
四、
The novel The Million Pound Bank Note was written by Mark Twain， a great American writer.Through his humorous and sarcastic language， Mark Twain successfully depicted an unbelievable adventure of Henry Adams， a penniless American in London.
Two rich brothers in London have a bet on Henry and want to see what will become of him a month later if they give him a million pound bank note which can’t be cashed for even a penny.A month later， Henry is neither starved nor arrested， but becomes a millionaire dramatically.What’s more， he even wins the love of a pretty lady.
One obvious theme of the novel is the criticism of the money worship.In the story， it also reveals the ridiculous British society at that time.
【教材词汇·练续写】
The little girl was playing intently when a dog ran over.She cried out with fright at the sight of the dog.The dog was as frightful to the timid girl as a monster.Sensing the profound fright from her expressions，he tried to comfort the little girl.He hugged the girl，drove away the dog and wiped her tears with tenderness.In fact，he was just pretending not to fear.When the mother of the girl knew about what he had done，she exclaimed，“Thank you so much！” She offered to repay him，but he refused.
单元素养提升
回顾单元知识
一、1.self-critical 2.boost 3.pretend 4.dormitory
5.overlook 6.bother 7.pill 8.welfare 9.accent
10.immense 11.resemble 12.repay
Ⅰ.1.overlooked 2.pretended 3.welfare 4.pills 5.bothers
二、1.acknowledge 2.identical 3.saving 4.psychology 5.finding 6.novelist 7.comprehension 8.motive
Ⅱ.1.comprehension 2.novelists 3.psychologist
4.acknowledgement 5.finding
三、1.tend to 2.a desire for 3.lose weight 4.be surprised at 5.come across 6.a lack of 7.keep fit 8.leave an impression on 9.with confidence 10.transform ...into
11.regard ...as 12.in reality 13.in silence 14.adjust to 15.attempt to do
Ⅲ.1.transformed into 2.a lack of 3.adjust to 4.tend to
5.in silence 6.a desire for
四、1.That’s why
2.It’s true that inner beauty is very important
3.Ever since I was little
4.Published in 1831
5.Never have I viewed
Ⅳ.1.that’s why I’m writing to voice my opinion
2.It is clear that
3.Ever since we met
4.Founded in 1636
5.Not once have they quarrelled
UNIT 2 A life’s work
单元话题导入
1.at the cost of 2.pursuit 3.overcame； be used for
4.representative； devoted
Section Ⅰ Starting out & Understanding ideas
【文本透析·剖语篇】
第一步
1.photographers 2.fashion 3.uncomplicated 4.benefits
5.photo
第二步
1－4 CACD
第三步
1.In my opinion， he would like to live a simple life and didn’t value money and devoted all his life to his beloved career — photography.
2.As far as I’m concerned， I would like to write about his devotion to photography， because we can learn from his dedication and build ourselves into useful individuals for our country and our society.
第四步
（1）A white-haired old man riding an ordinary bicycle around the streets of New York，always wearing the same blue worker’s jacket and simple black running shoes.
（2）Cunningham would go out onto the streets of New York each and every day， regardless of the weather.
第五步
1.让步状语 定语
虽然他总是知道时尚聚会和大型活动举办的地点，但无论是对于在贫穷的布朗克斯拍摄普通人，还是在富裕的曼哈顿拍摄贵宾，他都同样喜欢。
2.主语 定语
此外，坎宁安的伟大之处还在于他对摄影的奉献精神，以及他在工作中投入的大量时间和精力。
3.表语
他经常到一家简单的餐馆吃同样的食物，有香肠、鸡蛋和咖啡。
4.让步状语 定语
他珍视自己的正直，不为任何人所动摇，无论提供给他多少免费衣物或远程航班。
【核心知识·巧突破】
核心词汇集释
1.①from； to ②beyond ③and ④a wide range of
2.①fascinating ②fascinated ③to collect
3.①of ②fashionable ③in fashion； fashionable
4.①to ②devotion ③writing ④devoted ⑤devotion to； is devoted to； devotes herself to
5.①up ②aside ③off ④into
6.①n.方法 ②v.靠近 ③v.处理，对付 ④solving ⑤With the approach of the exam； With the exam approaching
7.①for ②about ③talked about science passionately； talked about science with passion
重点句型解构
①It is at this moment that ②It was the humorous Mr Wang who/that ③Was it because Jack came late for school that ④How was it that
Section Ⅱ Using language
【重难语法·要攻克】
我的发现
1.代词 2.副词
即时演练
①because ②how ③whether ④when ⑤what
⑥that ⑦why they put erasers on pencils ⑧It sounds as if ⑨seems as if/though ⑩whether we can finish our work
【知识要点·须拾遗】
1.①trials ②by ③on trial
2.①有助于 ②投稿 ③contributions ④Learning about the history of the Tang Dynasty in advance contributes to your understanding of this essay.
Section Ⅲ Developing ideas
【文本透析·剖语篇】
第一步
1.masters 2.maximum 3.endless 4.skills 5.modest
第二步
1－4 BDBA
第三步
1.The work of repairing clocks is full of difficulties.Sometimes even the difficulties can not be solved， but we must dare to face them and move forward bravely.
2.We need to carry on the fine traditions of our teachers.Training a new generation of craftsmen will not only help preserve the traditional skills， but their innovations will also ensure that their work will stand the test of time.
第四步
1.过去完成时 宾语 定语
要不是那三集纪录片，外面的人永远也不会知道，在这里工作的那些衣着朴素的人竟然都是精于各门技艺的大师，他们毕生都在修复珍贵的古董。
2.完全倒装
这其中便包括钟表修复大师王津。
3.状语 让步状语
王津穿过七重深红色的大门，走向自己的工作地点。尽管现在他经常被想和他合影的粉丝拦住，他仍然认为自己是故宫博物院的一名普通工人。
4.形式主语 that引导的主语从句 时间状语 表
人们突然明白，当钟表大师们说“这些古董有生命”时，这既不是夸张，也不是比喻。
【核心知识·巧突破】
核心词汇集释
1.①original ②in ③originated from ancient times
2.①over ②in ③took place
3.①with ②are often associated with homesickness； are often in association with homesickness
4.①off ②alone ③leave out/aside the others’ feelings
5.①to ②of ③has cast light on
重点句型解构
1.①were a dustman； would make our city cleaner ②had referred to those failed experiences； would not have made ③rained； should rain； were to rain
2.①stands a magnificent building ②lies a park
Section Ⅳ Writing an expository essay
【演练佳作·写美文】
写作步骤
二、1.The vivid clay figures， which were made by “Clay Figure Zhang”， were very popular with people.
2.Mr Zhang， born into a poor family， made clay figures as a means of earning a living.
3.Mr Zhang was often in the markets and theatres， observing people from all walks of life.
4.He was so intelligent and often thought outside the box， which made his clay figures more vivid.
5.He spent most of his time in the workshop.
6.Through his hard work of several decades， Mr Zhang created more than ten thousand works.
7.Clay Figure Zhang’s spirit of craftsmanship will stay everlasting.
三、Mr Zhang was often in the markets and theatres， observing people from all walks of life.In addition， he was so intelligent and often thought outside the box， which made his clay figures more vivid.
四、
The vivid clay figures， which were made by “Clay Figure Zhang”， were very popular with people.
Mr Zhang， born into a poor family， made clay figures as a means of earning a living.Mr Zhang was often in the markets and theatres， observing people from all walks of life.In addition， he was so intelligent and often thought outside the box， which made his clay figures more vivid.He spent most of his time in the workshop.Through his hard work of several decades， Mr Zhang created more than ten thousand works.
Clay Figure Zhang’s spirit of craftsmanship will stay everlasting.
【教材词汇·练续写】
Looking at the breakfast，the mother was dominated with profound happiness.She imagined what painstaking efforts her two children had made，knowing it’s an ambitious task for them.Nothing was more precious than their affection and love for her.The twins were eagerly staring at her， hoping to hear her acclaim.She sat at the table，took a bite of the bread and shook her head，pretending she didn’t like the food.After seeing the expressions of her children，she suddenly acclaimed，“Excellent！I’m the happiest mother in the world.” Choosing a beautiful pose， they took a photograph and posted it on the blog.
单元素养提升
回顾单元知识
一、1.pose 2.grocery 3.celebrity 4.trial 5.hydrogen 6.precious 7.antique 8.polish 9.bark 10.essay 11.comprise
Ⅰ.1.comprised 2.essay 3.precious 4.posed 5.trial 6.antique
二、1.fashion 2.fascination 3.uncomplicated
4.restoration 5.maximum 6.preserve 7.modest
8.dominate 9.architecture 10.ambitious 11.associate
12.analysis
Ⅱ.1.association 2.preservation 3.ambitious 4.analysis
5.fascinating 6.fashionable 7.dominant
三、1.belong to 2.devotion to 3.take off 4.rather than 5.lack of 6.focus on 7.pass away 8.day in， day out 9.originate from 10.range from ...to 11.bring ...back to life 12.neither ...nor 13.pass on ...to 14.take on
15.take up
Ⅲ.1.devotion to 2.took off 3.bringing； back to life
4.pass on； to 5.originate from 6.take on
四、1.If it hadn’t been for a three-episode documentary， outsiders would never have known
2.Among these is the clock restoration master
3.it is neither an exaggeration nor a metaphor
Ⅳ.1.had been recorded； would undoubtedly have made
2.was his friend Jim
3.Neither the students nor the teacher knows
UNIT 3 War and peace
单元话题导入
1.Despite； are involved in 2.invade； regardless of
3.sacrificed； condemn
Section Ⅰ Starting out & Understanding ideas
【文本透析·剖语篇】
第一步
1.background 2.order 3.stage 4.outcome 5.brave
第二步
1－5 CBADB
第三步
1.It mainly describes the violence of the D-Day landings and the brave acts the Allied troops performed in the fighting.
2.I admire the Allied soldiers’ outstanding acts of courage and as students， we should love peace and keep peace.
第四步
（1）The enemy were hiding， ready to attack the Allied soldiers even before they reached land.
（2）As part of this solemn and moving occasion， a former soldier read out to the crowd these lines from the poem For the Fallen， by Laurence Binyon： ...
第五步
1.定语
这标志着一场计划了数月，甚至可能是数年的绝密行动终于进入了最后阶段。
2.宾语 主语 伴随状语
盟军士兵耳中回荡着这些话语，做好了登陆诺曼底的准备。
3.并列 省略 定语 those
船被击翻，一些人落水而亡，而那些成功登陆的人面对的则是机关枪的猛烈扫射。
4.定语 Germany
之后盟军准备进攻德国，而苏联军队也正从德国东部攻入，两军相遇。
5.定语 定语
70年后，曾在诺曼底登陆中奋战的将士聚集在英吉利海峡两岸，人们共同参加纪念仪式。
【核心知识·巧突破】
核心词汇集释
1.①under the king’s direct command ②have a good command of ③The leader commanded that all the members （should） be committed to the rescue work.
2.①like ②nothing but ③She was nothing more than an ordinary people.
3.①to talk ②in ③have made preparations for； have prepared for； have been prepared for
4.①solving ②to ③objected to pretending； had a strong objection to pretending
5.①memorize ②for ③which was really a memorable experience for me
重点句型解构
①each equipped with the newest computers
②tears of happiness and gratitude welling up in his eyes
③There being no buses
Section Ⅱ Using language
【重难语法·要攻克】
我的发现
1.单 复 2.复
即时演练1
①owns ②are ③is ④were seeking ⑤is
即时演练2
①are listening not speaking ②are against it ③is a long time in one’s life ④was left on the bus
【知识要点·须拾遗】
1.①removal ②to ③has completely removed my doubts
2.①basic ②is based on； is on the basis of
Section Ⅲ Developing ideas
【文本透析·剖语篇】
第一步
1.What is real war 2.Lianda 3.conditions 4.contributions 5.glory
第二步
1－4 ACCB
第三步
1.It mainly tells us a product of the war， Lianda， which made great contributions to the resistance against Japanese aggression.
2.We should learn the strong spirit of perseverance and dedication from Lianda， protect our motherland and love peace.
第四步
1.让步状语 强调句
然而，尽管面临着巨大的困难和艰巨的挑战，在这个地方，经过八年漫长的岁月，国家的知识遗产不仅得到了保护，还得到了强化，这些都归功于联大杰出学者们的热情和信念。
2.主语 形式主语
难怪即使不是大多数，但也有许多中国领先的学者和科学家都是联大出身，包括两位诺贝尔奖得主，物理学家杨振宁和李政道。
【核心知识·巧突破】
核心词汇集释
1.①参考 ②提及 ③指的是 ④reference ⑤refer to me as
2.①off ②out ③lay aside our prejudices
3.①hold on ②hold out ③Having been held up by the traffic； couldn’t hold back his anger
4.①for ②with ③fight back tears
5.For lack of cooking experience； they lacked cooking experience
6.①broke down ②break in ③break out ④break away from farming
重点句型解构
1.①not only learn the importance of teamwork but also
②likes the film ③Not only do oceans provide abundant resources and food for us
2.①it is no wonder that ②It has been calculated that
③it is important that you make the most of our school resources
Section Ⅳ Writing about a war hero
【演练佳作·写美文】
写作步骤
二、1.Zhao Yiman was born in Yibin County， Sichuan Province in 1905.
2.She became a member of the Communist Party of China in 1926.
3.After the September 18th Incident， she went to north-east China to join the anti-Japanese troops，fighting guerrilla wars against the Japanese invaders.
4.In 1935， a large number of Japanese troops surrounded her men.
5.Zhao Yiman offered to cover the main troop to break through the encirclement，but was captured unfortunately.
6.Japanese used the cruellest punishment to force Zhao Yiman to reveal useful intelligence， but in vain.
7.So the Japanese killed her.
8.Zhao’s death was a huge blow to the anti-Japanese troops，but boosted morale of the soldiers to fight fiercely against the Japanese invaders.
三、Zhao Yiman， who was born in Yibin County，Sichuan Province in 1905， became a member of the Communist Party of China in 1926.
四、
Zhao Yiman， who was born in Yibin County，Sichuan Province in 1905， became a member of the Communist Party of China in 1926.
After the September 18th Incident， she went to north-east China to join the anti-Japanese troops， fighting guerrilla wars against the Japanese invaders. In 1935， a large number of Japanese troops surrounded her men.Zhao Yiman offered to cover the main troop to break through the encirclement， but was captured unfortunately. Japanese used the cruellest punishment to force Zhao Yiman to reveal useful intelligence， but in vain.So the Japanese killed her in public.
Zhao’s death was a huge blow to the anti-Japanese troops，but boosted morale of the soldiers to fight fiercely against the Japanese invaders.
【教材词汇·练续写】
On a misty August morning， we headed out for our one-week adventure.We had prepared for it for 3 days， so we had confidence in this adventure.During the first two days， we enjoyed the cool breeze and the fantastic coastline.Then， the rough roads made the adventure harder.Sleeping in the wild was such a horror that we couldn’t help recalling the beds at home.While crossing a lake， one of us was almost drowned.We got to doubt whether we could make it to the destination.At last， we got lost in the forest and returned home with the help of rescuers.Today， while telling the story， nobody can depict the adventure as a glory.
单元素养提升
回顾单元知识
一、1.objective 2.coastline 3.tank 4.recall 5.barely 6.memorial 7.outstanding 8.uniform 9.bomb
10.friction 11.weapon 12.academic 13.emerge
14.representative 15.sum 16.grain
Ⅰ.1.emerged 2.outstanding 3.barely 4.academic
5.representatives 6.recalled 7.objective 8.memorial 9.sum
二、1.violent 2.horror 3.liberate 4.stability
5.aggression 6.intellectual 7.invader 8.glory
9.dedication 10.relevant
Ⅱ.1.glorious 2.violence 3.liberation 4.intellectually 5.dedication 6.stability 7.relevance 8.invasion
三、1.be made up of 2.free ...from 3.have confidence in
4.nothing less than 5.prepare for 6.make it 7.meet up with 8.come up with 9.due to 10.refer to ...as ... 11.a sense of 12.hold down 13.a large sum of
14.a lack of 15.break through 16.track down
17.fight against 18.in memory of
Ⅲ.1.have confidence in 2.was made up of 3.meet up with
4.prepare for 5.Due to 6.held down 7.nothing less than 8.a large sum of
四、1.the aim being to free north-west Europe from German occupation
2.was not only guarded but fortified
3.It is no wonder that
Ⅳ.1.his head resting on his arm
2.will not only help students get access to more knowledge but also cultivate
3.It is no wonder that he has obtained
UNIT 4 A glimpse of the future
单元话题导入
1.are likely to； achievements 2.imagination
3.advanced； technological 4.With the development of
Section Ⅰ Starting out & Understanding ideas
【文本透析·剖语篇】
第一步
1.thoughts 2.a lot easier 3.challenges 4.problems
5.dangerous 6.embrace
第二步
1－4 BACC
第三步
1.Household appliances such as electric lights， televisions， air conditioners and so on and furniture pieces are controlled by a smartphone with a touch screen.
2.Maybe one day we will control the development of AI.But now， we need to develop AI to solve some real problems.Anyway， there are many problems that mankind cannot solve at present.
第四步
1.It used to feel like 50 per cent of my time was spent researching new restaurants.In contrast，my PA only needs a few seconds to find the right place.
2.（1）Every recommendation she gives me is great since she can predict if I will like a particular restaurant.
（2）If we’re lucky，AI might think we’re valuable enough to keep around.If not， it might wipe us all out！
第五步
1.定语 that或which 宾语
因为她可以预测我是否会喜欢某一个餐厅，所以她给我的每一个建议都很棒。
2.并列 表语 时间状语
唯一的问题是，当第一批汽车上市时，可能会有一些机器学习问题，所以也许我最好先学会驾驶。
【核心知识·巧突破】
核心词汇集释
1.①to read ②I happened to be having a meeting； It happened that I was having a meeting
2.①With ②assistant ③assist us to learn/in learning more about British and Western culture
3.①with/and ②by ③make a contrast with； contrast with
4.①out ②around ③on ④hang on to those old photos
5.①to ②fall victim to pollution； become a victim of pollution
6.①to become ②potentially ③to achieve/fulfill/realise our full potential
7.①as ②beyond ③for ④are capable of finishing
8.①forward ②into ③took a leap
9.①to read ②for ③illegally ④It’s illegal to drive through a red light.
重点句型解构
1.①either deliver a new book to me or give my money back ②either by calling the club office at 8759632 or applying ③Neither she nor her friends
④either in China or in other countries
2.①If not ②If so ③if necessary ④if living
Section Ⅱ Using language
【重难语法·要攻克】
我的发现
1.of后的名词的数 2.单 3.单 4.单
即时演练1
①are ②is ③was ④is ⑤have been sent
⑥hasn’t been decided ⑦is
即时演练2
①was ②was sent ③is ④are ⑤am ⑥is ⑦goes
【知识要点·须拾遗】
1.①at ②assessment ③assess whether the system works well
2.①for ②are bound to be thrilled
3.①in ②to be told ③（should） be cleaned
Section Ⅲ Developing ideas
【文本透析·剖语篇】
第一步
1.a live dog 2.was different from 3.views 4.desperate 5.counted
第二步
1－5 ABDDC
第三步
1.He would keep Robutt.We can conclude from the last two paragraphs.
2.I will choose Robutt.After all， we have been close for a long time and we know each other better.
第四步
1.并列 原因状语 比较状语
穿着太空服的吉米虽看起来臃肿矮胖了一些，但他能承受月球引力，而在地球出生的人是不能承受这种引力的。
2.非限制性定语 结果状语
环形山外侧向南倾斜，南面天空下方的地球全部显现出来，因此整个环形山山坡明亮了起来。
3.条件状语 伴随 宾语 时间状语 宾语
只要有罗布特相伴，吉米就没有危险。当吉米过于靠近一块岩石，它会扑倒他；罗布特还会扑向他，以表达爱意；当吉米藏在岩石后，罗布特就原地打转，低吼，战战兢兢，不论什么时候，罗布特都对吉米的位置了如指掌。
【核心知识·巧突破】
核心词汇集释
1.①desperately ②desperation ③Desperate to be a volunteer
2.①in ②at/by ③were greatly shocked； in a state of shock； were greatly shocked to hear
3.①faulty ②with ③at ④It is not your fault that
4.①on ②comments ③comment on/upon； make a comment/comments on
5.①consistently ②in ③is entirely consistent with
重点句型解构
①so that you can make full preparations for it
②so that I got a good seat ③in order to； so as to
Section Ⅳ Continuing a sci-fi story
【演练佳作·写美文】
写作步骤
Six months later，I came back home for my father’s funeral.Death was very confusing for a child.I didn’t understand what death meant；all I knew was that my father had been lying in bed and receiving medical treatment for his illness when I left，but now when I came back，he was nowhere to be found.He must be hiding somewhere.I was sure people couldn’t just disappear，especially without saying goodbye.Though my mother told me he had “passed on”，I thought she meant he’d traveled to another town.
Suddenly，an idea crossed my mind that my father might travel to Heaven.I knew exactly how to find my father.I ran to the front porch.However，I had grown during those six months in Virginia，and I could no longer squeeze under the porch.I sat in front of the porch all afternoon，calling for someone to answer me.No voice came.No father returned.No frog jumped out of his hiding spot.I was too big to talk to a sprite，so I started to cry.
【教材词汇·练续写】
I assisted Dad to mow yards to earn pocket money.He told the neighbours I was capable of doing the work and offered a price they could not refuse.Every time I headed out to mow，Dad demanded I （should） finish the job well.One afternoon，Dad called me and yelled，“Hey，son.You missed a piece.” I frowned，hoping he would forgive me and know I was desperate to go home.However，he was not the one for me to bank on.On the way home after finishing the work，Dad said gently， “Do as perfectly as you can and you are bound to do everything well in your life.” Then he hugged me tightly.
单元素养提升
回顾单元知识
一、1.victim 2.capacity 3.leap 4.regulate 5.client
6.cite 7.cell 8.bound 9.cycle 10.demand 11.slope
12.hop 13.frown 14.clue 15.consistent
Ⅰ.1.clues 2.victims 3.consistent 4.capacity 5.bound
6.frown 7.demand
二、1.artificial 2.assistant 3.potentially 4.analyse
5.illegal 6.immoral 7.assess 8.mechanical
9.imitation 10.tightly 11.desperate 12.faulty
Ⅱ.1.imitation 2.analysis 3.illegally 4.assistants
5.assessment 6.desperately 7.mechanically 8.faulty
三、1.happen to sb 2.so far 3.used to 4.in contrast
5.hang out 6.be susceptible to 7.be capable of
8.wipe out 9.lie in 10.agree on 11.go through
12.the difference between ...and ... 13.as though
14.change one’s mind 15.be bound to
Ⅲ.1.lie in 2.is bound to 3.is capable of 4.gone through
5.hung out 6.change my mind
四、1.either the best， or the worst thing
2.If not
3.so that the entire crater-slope was brightly lit
Ⅳ.1.Either you or one of your classmates
2.If asked to look after
3.so that he got the first place
UNIT 5 Learning from nature
单元话题导入
1.harmoniously 2.repay； take from
3.created； a set of； imitating
Section Ⅰ Starting out & Understanding ideas
【文本透析·剖语篇】
第一步
1.inspiration 2.many of the most fascinating designs
3.the beauty of natural forms 4.mimic 5.natural organisms
6.harmony
第二步
1－4 CBAC
第三步
1.Biomimicry is not a new idea.Since ancient times， simple people and scientists have been watching and studying nature’s best ideas and then imitated these designs and processes to find answers and solved many situations in human history.
2.Biomimicry is a new way to perceive and value nature.It brings us the idea that the best way to benefit from the natural world is not to massively extract substances and valuables from it.The conscious emulation of life’s and nature’s genius is a survival strategy for the human race.It’s a possible path to a sustainable and better future.
第四步
1.（1）When we look at a pine cone，we might think how much it looks like the tiles on a roof.
（2）An open flower might make us think how closely it resembles an umbrella.
（3）Shaped to resemble a lotus flower，it appears to float above the waterfront promenade and the water that surrounds it.
2.In a similar way，the Eastgate Centre has a “skin” covered in holes.
第五步
1.并列 形式主语 真正的主语 强调
以这种方式思考是很自然的，但当然不是雨伞给了花朵灵感，也不是屋顶给了松果灵感。
2.时间状语 定语
津巴布韦建筑师米克·皮尔斯在一部大自然纪录片中看到白蚁筑造蚁穴，从中得到启发，从而设计了东门大厦。
【核心知识·巧突破】
核心词汇集释
1.①at/by ②amazing ③in ④To my amazement； What amazed me was that； was amazed that
2.①an ②of ③to ④follow his example
3.①absorbed ②absorbing ③So absorbed was she in her job； Absorbed in her job， she didn’t hear anybody knocking at the door.
4.①response ②responded to； made a response to
5.①with ②harmonious ③in harmony with
重点句型解构
①If elected ②while （we were） picking oranges
③Although living in different eras
Section Ⅱ Using language
【重难语法·要攻克】
我的发现
1.主语 it 宾语 表语 2.表语 主语 3.表语
即时演练1
①Being exposed ②to distinguish ③to accustom
④Facing ⑤having
即时演练2
①studying ②being given ③to be reading ④working ⑤to take
即时演练3
①to raise ②convincing ③seated ④promoted
【知识要点·须拾遗】
1.①variety ②various ③in ④vary from person to person
2.①as ②to assist ③Employing himself in drawing up plans
Section Ⅲ Developing ideas
【文本透析·剖语篇】
第一步
1.conflicted 2.reaction 3.peaceful 4.transformations 5.withdraw 6.beauty 7.convince
第二步
1－5 BACBA
第三步
1.The first sentence describes a beautiful scene of the dusk.The village is so far away that it looks fuzzy and the smoke rises gently and slowly.The scenery described in the sentence gives people a sense of peace and serenity， as if the world is not disturbed by any force.
The second sentence makes this beautiful rural painting come to life all of a sudden.Instead of writing about the songs of birds and insects， the poet wrote a very common song and bark of chickens and dogs， because the sound of chickens and dogs is the most characteristic of rural environment and the most harmonious and unified with the whole picture.It properly shows the life atmosphere of the countryside， and does not damage the peaceful mood at all.
2.Though we live in modern times， it isn’t possible for us to go back to nature to live a life as they do， what we should know is that it is urgent for humans to live with nature in harmony now， because we humans have already paid price for treating nature badly， such as global warming， floods， hurricanes， etc， which can be considered a sign that nature warns us.
第四步
1.状语 定语
表面上看，这两个人生活在不同的时代，相隔近一千五百年，迥然不同。
2.状语 同位语
公元405年，陶渊明永久地辞去了官职，以表达他对仕途的不满，用今天的一句名言形容就是“不为五斗米折腰”。
3.宾语 让步状语
我们可以从他的诗歌中看出，尽管生活艰苦，但他从这种简单的生活中成功获得了满足感，并从大自然中获得了乐趣。
4.宾语 定语 方式状语
梭罗的写作意在使人们信服，动物和植物就像我们人类一样都有生存和繁荣的权利。
【核心知识·巧突破】
核心词汇集释
1.①in ②in ③in return for
2.①with ②against ③he will react to the bad news； his reaction to the bad news will be
3.①退出 ②撤离 ③withdrawal ④withdrawn ⑤withdrew from the meeting
4.①to ②from ③resign myself to giving up halfway
5.①at ②with ③at ④put me at ease
6.①as ②on/by ③evaluate the consequences； make an evaluation of the consequences
重点句型解构
1.①while Lucy sat in the corner silently alone ②While my mom and I were shopping
2.①As is often the case ②As we all know ③As is mentioned above ④as will make them better and cleverer
Section Ⅳ Writing about a lesson from nature
【演练佳作·写美文】
写作步骤
二、1.The set phrase “ya miao zhu zhang” means “Trying to help seedlings grow by pulling them up”.
2.There is a story behind it.
3.A man in the Song State was anxious about the slow growth of his seedlings.
4.He pulled them upward one by one.
5.He came back saying to his family，“I’m exhausted today，for I’ve helped the seedlings grow much taller.”
6.Hearing this，his son ran to the field and found all the seedlings had died.
7.This set phrase teaches us a lesson.
8.Going against the law of development in things and being overanxious for quick results will only make things worse.
三、1.The set phrase “ya miao zhu zhang” means “Trying to help seedlings grow by pulling them up”，behind which there is a story.
2.This set phrase teaches us the lesson that going against the law of development in things and being overanxious for quick results will only make things worse.
四、
The set phrase “ya miao zhu zhang” means “Trying to help seedlings grow by pulling them up”，behind which there is a story.
A man in the Song State was anxious about the slow growth of his seedlings.So， he pulled them upward one by one.He came back saying to his family， “I’m exhausted today，for I’ve helped the seedlings grow much taller.”Hearing this， his son ran to the field and found all the seedlings had died.
This set phrase teaches us the lesson that going against the law of development in things and being overanxious for quick results will only make things worse.
【教材词汇·练续写】
To ease the working pressure，I drove to the rural area with my friend Harry last week.While walking on the lanes，I was attracted by the lotuses in the pond，the mulberry trees swinging in the wind and the flying dragonflies.“How amazing the scenery is！”Harry whispered to himself，unconsciously a smile spreading over his face.All of a sudden，we caught sight of a cottage in the distance.The nearer the cottage was， the more delighted we were，because we saw a beautiful botanical garden there.Enjoying the beautiful scene of the field，we felt a sense of fulfilment.
单元素养提升
回顾单元知识
一、1.superb 2.frontier 3.pond 4.sow 5.employ
6.bat 7.physician 8.bow 9.rural 10.decent
11.cottage 12.withdraw 13.domestic 14.ease
15.attain 16.fulfilment
Ⅰ.1.rural 2.attained 3.employ 4.decent 5.bowed 6.sown
二、1.architect 2.convert 3.wisdom 4.depressive
5.purity 6.resign 7.botanical 8.reject 9.evaluate
Ⅱ.1.architectural 2.rejection 3.evaluation 4.depression
5.wisdom 6.purity
三、1.take ...for granted 2.an example of 3.covert ...into 4.respond to 5.in harmony with 6.seek solutions to 7.take inspiration from 8.in return for 9.draw ...from ... 10.be opposed to 11.reaction to
12.withdraw from 13.resign oneself to 14.at ease with
15.be ready to
Ⅲ.1.are opposed to 2.in harmony with 3.reaction to
4.at ease with 5.respond to 6.be withdrawn from
7.is ready to
四、1.while watching a nature documentary
2.Creating buildings such as these
3.While Tao’s return to nature was a reaction to a lifestyle he was opposed to
4.as he describes in his journals
Ⅳ.1.While looking at the photograph
2.Being exposed to English frequently
3.while there’s little in the north-west
4.As everyone knows
UNIT 6 Nature in words
单元话题导入
1.get； ready for 2.recover； go back to 3.absolutely； by all means 4.sunshine； is full of
Section Ⅰ Starting out & Understanding ideas
【文本透析·剖语篇】
第一步
1.excited 2.magical 3.pale 4.strange 5.lovely
6.cruel 7.bending
第二步
1－5 BABCA
第三步
1.We， humans， are also a part of nature， but we tend to distinguish ourselves from nature and do the things， which may harm nature.Therefore， respect nature and its resources， show some compassion towards it.It is the responsibility of a human being to protect nature.We， as humans， should refrain from doing any harm to nature if we need to provide a good natural environment to the future generations.Just as Charles Darwin puts it， “Everything， what is against nature， will not last for long.”
2.When I think about the beauty of nature， the first thing that comes to my mind may be greenery.But the beauty of nature is more than the greenery.Everything I feel and see around， including mountains， forests， rivers， birds， plants， animals， air， etc.— all are a part of the beauty of nature.
第四步
1.（1）When I got up this morning the world was a cold place of dead white and pale blues.
（2）The little plum tree outside， with the faintly flushed snow lining its branches and artfully disposed along its trunk， stood in full sunlight.
（3）But the snow is falling heavily， in great soft flakes， so that you can hardly see across the shallow valley， and the roofs are thick and the trees all bending， and the weathercock of the village church， still to be seen through the grey loaded air， has become some creature out of Hans Andersen.
2.（1）The dining-room window had been transformed into a lovely Japanese print.
（2）It was as if our kindly countryside， close to the very heart of England， had been turned into a cruel grassland.
3.Then the sun came out， and by the time I had sat down to breakfast it was shining bravely and flushing the snow with delicate pinks.
第五步
1.as ...as ... 非限制性定语 the children 方式状语
对于这场雪，我今早近乎像孩子们那样兴奋。我发现孩子们在透过窗子看着外面奇妙的世界，兴奋地说个不停，就像圣诞节突然又要来了一般。
2.that 结果状语 时间状语
这是今年冬天我们在这里的第一场雪，而在去年的雪季，我身在异国，在酷热的天气里汗流不止，所以离我上次欣赏到这银装素裹的世界，着实过了些时日了。
【核心知识·巧突破】
核心词汇集释
1.①for ②inspection ③be inspected
2.①insisted on lending ②（should） be sent to the hospital； was feeling quiet well
3.①into ②off ③talk him out of leaving
4.①about ②out ③came round to see me
5.①down/over ②persuading ③bent her mind to her work
重点句型解构
1.①found myself stuck ②found himself in a strange room ③found most of my classmates and teachers friendly
④find it much easier to recognise
2.①had begun ②will have learned/will learn ③had been completed ④By the time he is 18 next year
Section Ⅱ Using language
【重难语法·要攻克】
我的发现
1.宾语补足语 2.状语 结果 目的 伴随 3.定语 主谓
即时演练1
①to harm ②to be completed ③regulating ④conducted
⑤falling ⑥titled
即时演练2
①To keep ②to find ③Having studied ④Located ⑤releasing
即时演练3
①wandering ②to make ③taken ④to process ⑤to do
【知识要点·须拾遗】
1.①an unforgettable experience ②a beautiful view we see from the top of the hill； beautiful a view we see from the top of the hill
2.①to ②addition ③add up these numbers； add up to more than 100
Section Ⅲ Developing ideas
【文本透析·剖语篇】
第一步
1.1962 2.natural ecosystems 3.more responsible， limited and carefully monitored 4.case studies 5.beautiful and elegant 6.The pesticide industry 7.precise 8.defend her claims 9.banned 10.Presidential Medal of Freedom
11.environmental awareness
第二步
1－4 DCAC
第三步
1.Today， environmentalists and the green movement argue that many silent chemical and radioactive toxins， as well as carbon emissions， pollute the earth， the effects of which we will not feel until it is too late and the damage has been done.We need to pay attention now， they say， or pay the price.
2.The book is relevant because it carefully compiles scientific evidence to make its case.It shows that even though the impact of pesticides seems invisible， it is real， and it shows how all of the earth is interwoven ecologically.Damaging the soil or water damages animals （Carson focuses on birds） and humans.
In these days， the political debate about climate change is fierce.We debate， despite overwhelming evidence and consensus among scientists， whether climate change is really happening in the world.Her book will provide some ideas for these global problems.
第四步
1.宾语 believed wished
她认为化学工业正在明目张胆地对动植物，甚至对人类本身造成伤害，她希望人们在使用杀虫剂时能够更加负责、节制，并且严加监管。
2.让步状语 定语
虽然卡森的研究很有说服力，而且得到多数审阅过这本书的科学家的支持，但是这本书很快成了杀虫剂行业批判的对象。
【核心知识·巧突破】
核心词汇集释
1.①from ②on ③there is a ban on smoking
2.①to ②to ③on the alert
3.①harmless ②does harm to our eyes
4.①urgent ②urgency ③to take ④（should） take measures to solve these problems
5.①by ②are specially designed for； are designed to enrich
6.①for ②targeted ③being a target for
7.①for ②a ③was ruined ④lived up to his reputation
8.①determination ②Determined ③determines to write a book； is determined to write a book
重点句型解构
1.①Curious to find out ②Tired and breathless ③Worried about making a bad impression on the customer
2.①Try as/though he might ②Hard as/though they tried ③Beautiful as/though the necklace was ④Child as/though he was
Section Ⅳ Writing a poem about nature
【教材词汇·练续写】
Having held the championship for the past two years， I was chosen to participate in the competition.My teacher insisted that I practice for the contest.“I have a bit of sore throat，” I lied.I even told Ms Sara not to worry as I was not puzzled about anything.However，when I stepped on the stage，my palms sweated heavily and my voice trembled.Finally，I walked off the stage and flushed with shame.“I should have practiced to enhance my ability，” I said to Ms Sara.Bending her head， she gently told me that getting well prepared for everything was of great importance.
单元素养提升
回顾单元知识
一、1.weekly 2.shaving 3.prospect 4.bend 5.church 6.rhyme 7.enhance 8.wheat 9.gentle 10.sweep 11.ban 12.chorus 13.dozen 14.launch 15.reputation
16.diamond
Ⅰ.1.bent 2.enhance 3.reputation 4.banned 5.launch
6.swept 7.weekly
二、1.inspector 2.insist 3.innocent 4.thorough 5.precise 6.elegance 7.passionate
Ⅱ.1.elegance 2.innocence 3.thoroughly 4.precisely 5.passionate
三、1.talk away 2.come round 3.break out 4.at the risk of 5.wake up 6.come out 7.transform ...into ... 8.longing for 9.participate in 10.alert ...to 11.cause harm to 12.urge sb to do sth 13.a target for 14.stand by 15.attempt to 16.dozens of 17.or so 18.be regarded as 19.rather than
Ⅲ.1.longing for 2.stand by 3.come round 4.at the risk of 5.causes harm to 6.has been transformed into 7.is regarded as 8.or so
四、1.find yourself in another quite different
2.puzzled and disturbed
3.strong though they are
Ⅳ.1.found many students buried their heads in books
2.Surprised and happy
3.Patient though he was
1 / 3UNIT 4 A glimpse of the future
单元话题
导入
本单元涉及的主题语境内容是未来与科技发展、认识与探索未来。从不同角度展现了未来科技发展带来的便利以及可能存在的问题，依次呈现了科幻电影海报、人工智能发展、时间旅行、未来的医疗与交通、科幻小说等内容，旨在引导学生思考未来科技发展给生活带来的改变和世界的发展趋势，以及如何对待这种发展趋势，如何应对人工智能时代给人类带来的挑战等，进而更好地预测未来，创造未来。
看图感悟语境，选词填空。
advanced， imagination， technological， achievement， with the development of， be likely to
1.There be numerous potential breakthroughs and in science and technology.
2.Future is indeed like a riddle， some areas of which are beyond the reach of our .
3.Only through mastering science and technology can a nation be successful in facing more challenges of revolution and social progress.
4. science and technology， we can travel to the Moon， Mars or some other planets.
1 / 1
