【培优方案】UNIT 5　Learning from nature（讲义）（学生版）外研英语选择性必修第三册

Section Ⅰ　Starting out & Understanding ideas
Nature in Architecture
Trees， plants and flowers are all around us and we enjoy their beauty① every day.[1]In fact， we are so used to them that we may even take them for granted② without realising how much inspiration③ they have given us.When we look at a pine cone④， we might think how much it looks like the tiles on a roof.An open flower might make us think how closely it resembles⑤ an umbrella.[2]It is natural to think in this way， but of course it wasn’t the umbrella that inspired the flower or the roof that inspired the pine cone.
　　[1]so ...that ...引导结果状语从句；how much inspiration ...是宾语从句。
[2]本句为but连接的并列句。前一分句中动词不定式短语to think in this way为真正的主语，It作形式主语；后一分句为or连接的两个并列的强调句。
Nature has inspired many of the most fascinating⑥ designs around us， including those in architecture.From Barcelona’s forest-like Sagrada Familia to the modern style of Beijing’s Water Cube， nature is presented in various architectural designs.Today， architects⑦ continue to explore ways to capture⑧ the beauty of natural forms， to mimic⑨ the way nature works or even to make natural organisms⑩ part of a building.
　　ArtScience Museum， Singapore
People [3]whose interest is exploring the relationship between art and science will enjoy Singapore’s ArtScience Museum.The building was designed to show the connection between nature and the modern city environment in which it sits.[4]Shaped to resemble a lotus flower， it appears to float above the waterfront promenade and the water that surrounds it.Its roof collects rainwater and channels it 35 metres down to a waterfall in the centre of the space.The water is then recycled through the building’s plumbing system.Visitors are often amazed to find themselves in an urban building that so truly captures the beauty of natural forms.
　　[3]whose引导定语从句，修饰先行词People。
[4]过去分词短语作状语。
The Eastgate Centre， Harare
Harare’s Eastgate Centre is a superb example of biomimicry .To use biomimicry is to create structures based on natural forms and processes.Zimbabwean architect Mick Pearce was inspired to create the Centre [5]while watching a nature documentary in which termites were constructing their nests.The insects built mounds covered in little holes designed to allow air to move freely in and out of the mounds.In a similar way， the Eastgate Centre has a “skin” covered in holes.[6]During the day， warm air is drawn into the building through the holes， cooling as it reaches the middle of the building. [7]At night， the heat absorbed by the wall during the day warms the cool air， creating a comfortable temperature inside. The design reduces the need for traditional air conditioning and heating systems， so the building uses less energy and costs less to run.
　　[5]while watching为while引导的时间状语从句的省略，in which引导定语从句。
[6]as引导时间状语从句。
[7]过去分词短语absorbed ...the day作后置定语；动词-ing短语creating ...inside作结果状语。
The Algae House， Hamburg
The world’s first algae-powered building is in Hamburg， Germany.The surface of the apartment building is covered in panels that contain algae.The algae are fed with liquid nutrients and carbon dioxide to encourage them to grow.In bright sunshine， they grow faster and provide shade .The panels also capture heat from the sun and convert it into energy that powers the building.And that’s not all — the algae inside the panels can be harvested and used to produce fuel .The building therefore not only responds to its environment and uses less energy， but also reduces damage to the environment by generating its own renewable energy.
[8]Creating buildings such as these enables us to live in closer harmony with our environment.[9]To meet the needs of today while protecting the world of tomorrow may be a challenge ， but even the simplest organisms can help teach us how to achieve this.
　　[8]Creating buildings such as these为动词-ing短语作主语。
[9]动词不定式在句中作主语；while protecting the world of tomorrow为“连词＋动词-ing短语”作时间状语。
【读文清障】
①beauty n.美，美丽
beautiful adj.美丽的
beautify v.美化
②take ...for granted 认为……理所当然
take it for granted that ...认为……理所当然
③inspiration n.灵感
inspire v.赋予灵感
④pine cone松果，松球
⑤resemble v.像；与……类似
⑥fascinating adj.迷人的
fascinate v.深深吸引，迷住
fascination n.魅力
⑦architect n.建筑师
architecture n.建筑学
architectural adj.建筑学的
⑧capture v.捕获
⑨mimic v.模仿
⑩organism n.生物体
be designed to do sth旨在做某事，目的是做某事
shape v.使成为……的形状
lotus n.莲花，荷花
float v.漂浮
channel v.（经过通道）输送，传送
plumbing n.管道系统
be amazed to do sth因为做某事而感到惊讶
a superb example of……的一个极好的范例
superb adj.极好的，出色的
biomimicry n.仿生学
documentary n.纪录片
construct v.建造，修建
construction n.建造；建筑物
under construction 在建设中
mound n.土堆，土丘
absorb v.吸收
be absorbed in专心致志于
warm v.（使）温暖
nutrient n.营养素；营养物
nutrition n.营养
nutritious adj.有营养的
shade n.阴凉处
convert v.使转变；使转换convert ...into ...将……转变为……
power v.给……提供能量
fuel n.燃料
respond to对……作出反应
generate v.产生；引起
enable sb to do sth
使某人能够做某事
in harmony with与……协调一致；与……和谐相处
meet the needs of ...满足……的需求
challenge n.挑战
challenging adj.具有挑战性的
【参考译文】
建筑中的自然元素
我们身边都有花、草、树木，并且每天都能欣赏到它们的美。事实上，我们已经习惯了它们的存在，甚至可能把它们视为理所当然，却没有意识到它们给了我们多少灵感。看到一个松果，我们可能会想它看起来多么像屋顶上的瓦片；看到一朵绽开的花，我们可能会觉得它和雨伞是多么相似。以这种方式思考是很自然的，但当然不是雨伞给了花朵灵感，也不是屋顶给了松果灵感。
我们身边许多最迷人的设计，包括建筑设计，它们的灵感都来自大自然。从巴塞罗那的森林般的圣家族大教堂到现代风格的北京水立方，在各式各样的建筑设计中都能发现自然元素。如今，建筑师不断探寻捕捉自然形态之美的方法，模仿自然运行的方式，或者让自然生物融为建筑的一部分。
　　新加坡艺术科学博物馆
对探索艺术与科学的关系感兴趣的人会乐于参观新加坡的艺术科学博物馆。该建筑旨在展示自然和现代城市环境之间的联系。它的形状像一朵莲花，漂浮在海滨长廊上，四周被水环绕。它的屋顶可收集雨水，雨水顺着管道向下35米到达博物馆中心的瀑布。然后，水通过建筑的管道系统循环使用。当置身于这样一座真实地捕捉到自然形态之美的城市建筑中时，参观者常常叹为观止。
哈拉雷东门大厦
哈拉雷东门大厦是极好的仿生学范例，利用仿生技术，在自然形态和过程的基础上创造建筑结构。津巴布韦建筑师米克·皮尔斯在一部大自然纪录片中看到白蚁筑造蚁穴，从中得到启发，从而设计了东门大厦。这种昆虫搭建表面覆有小洞的蚁丘，以保证蚁丘内外部的空气流通。东门大厦也用了相似的方法，大厦的“皮肤”上设计了很多洞。白天，暖空气通过洞口引入建筑内部，在流向建筑中部的过程中冷却下来。夜间，墙壁吸收的热量使冷空气变暖，创造着适宜的内部温度条件。该设计减少了对传统空调和供暖系统的需求，因此建筑运行能耗和成本都较低。
汉堡藻屋
世界上第一座藻类能源建筑位于德国汉堡。公寓楼表面的面板上覆盖着藻类。藻类以液体营养素和二氧化碳为养料，促进自身生长。阳光明媚的时候，它们长得更快，可以遮阴。这些面板还可以吸收太阳的热量，并转化为电能，给建筑物供电。除此之外，面板内的藻类可以收集起来，做燃料用。因此，该建筑不仅能够适应环境，减少能耗，而且自身可以产生可再生能源，减少对环境的危害。
创造这样的建筑物能够使我们与我们的环境更和谐地相处。保护明天的世界，同时满足当下的需求，这可能是一项挑战，但即使是最简单的生物也能帮忙，教我们如何实现目标。
第一步：析架构理清脉络
Read the passage quickly and then fill in the blanks.
第二步：知细节明察秋毫
Read the passage carefully and choose the best answers.
1.Why don’t we feel the inspiration from nature？（　　）
A.Because it is around us.
B.Because we are not close to it.
C.Because we are accustomed to it.
D.Because we tend to ignore its importance.
2.Which of the following was designed to show the connection between nature and the modern city environment？（　　）
A.Beijing’s Water Cube.
B.ArtScience Museum， Singapore.
C.The Eastgate Centre， Harare.
D.The Algae House， Hamburg.
3.What’s the advantage of the Algae House in Hamburg？（　　）
A.It produces its own renewable energy.
B.It is in harmony with its environment.
C.It doesn’t need any energy.
D.It is protected from the sunlight by panels.
4.What can we conclude from the text？（　　）
A.Nature is influenced by human architecture.
B.Nature is full of mysteries.
C.Nature can be our teacher.
D.Humans should protect nature.
第三步：拓思维品质提升
Discuss the following questions with your partner.
1.Do you think biomimicry is a new idea？ Why？
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
2.How can biomimicry benefit people？
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
第四步：品语言妙笔生辉
1.Read the passage carefully and find the sentences using similes （明喻） or metaphors （暗喻）.
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
2.Read the passage carefully and find the sentence using personification （拟人）.
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
第五步：析难句表达升级
1.It is natural to think in this way，but of course it wasn’t the umbrella that inspired the flower or the roof that inspired the pine cone.
句式分析 本句为　　　　句。前一个分句中It作　　　　　　，动词不定式短语to think in this way为　　　　　　　；后一个分句中，使用了　　　　句型。
自主翻译 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
2.Zimbabwean architect Mick Pearce was inspired to create the Centre while watching a nature documentary in which termites were constructing their nests.
句式分析 while watching为while引导的　　　　　　从句的省略；in which引导　　　　从句，修饰先行词a nature documentary。
自主翻译 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
Part Ⅰ　核心词汇集释
be amazed to do sth 因为做某事而感到惊讶
【教材原句】　Visitors are often amazed to find themselves in an urban building that so truly captures the beauty of natural forms.
当置身于这样一座真实地捕捉到自然形态之美的城市建筑中时，参观者常常叹为观止。
【用法】
（1）amazed adj.　　　 惊奇的；惊讶的
be amazed at/by/that ... 对……大为惊奇
（2）amazement n. 惊奇，惊愕，惊诧
to one’s amazement 令某人惊讶的是
in amazement 吃惊地
（3）amaze v. 使惊奇；使惊愕；使惊诧
What amazes sb is ... 让某人惊奇的是……
（4）amazing adj. 令人大为惊奇的
【佳句】　I was amazed to hear that you had given up the chance to go abroad for further study.听说你放弃了出国继续深造的机会，我感到惊讶。
【助记】　His look showed that he was amazed at the event.To my amazement， he responded in so amazing a way.
他的表情表明他对这件事情感到吃惊。令我惊讶的是，他对此反应如此惊愕。
【练透】　单句语法填空
①With a goal in mind， you will be amazed 　　　　　　your potential if you make efforts.
②He enjoyed himself so much in the countryside where the 　　　　　　（amaze） scenery impressed him a lot.
③He looked at her 　　　　　　amazement when she appeared suddenly.
【写美】　一句多译
④令我惊奇的是，他能把这首诗全部背诵出来。
→　　　　　　　　　　　　， he was able to recite the whole poem from memory.（amazement）
→　　　　　　　　　　　　 he was able to recite the whole poem from memory.（what引导主语从句）
→I 　　　　　　　　　　　　he was able to recite the whole poem from memory.（amazed）
an example of ……的例子
【教材原句】　Harare’s Eastgate Centre is a superb example of biomimicry.
哈拉雷东门大厦是极好的仿生学范例。
【用法】
set sb an example＝set an example to sb　　给某人树立榜样
make an example of sb （for sth） （因某事）惩罚某人
follow one’s example 效仿某人
give sb an example of 给某人举……例子
by example 以身作则
【佳句】　This painting is a perfect example of the artist’s early work.
这幅画是这位艺术家早期作品的典例。
【练透】　单句语法填空
①They apparently decided to make 　　　　example of him.
②Just give me an example 　　　　　　his generosity.
③As an adult， we should set a good example 　　　　　　the young.
【写美】　补全句子
④Inspired by his deeds， I decided to 　　　　　　　　　　　doing good deeds every day.
受到他的事迹鼓舞，我决定效仿他每天做好事。
absorb v.吸收，吸引； 使专心
【教材原句】　At night， the heat absorbed by the wall during the day warms the cool air， creating a comfortable temperature inside.
夜间，墙壁吸收的热量使冷空气变暖，创造着适宜的内部温度条件。
【用法】
（1）absorb one’s attention 吸引某人的注意
absorb ...into ...把……吸收进……
be absorbed by ... 被……吞并；为……所吸收
absorb knowledge quickly 快速吸收知识
（2）absorbed adj. 全神贯注的
（be） absorbed in ...＝absorb oneself in ... 全神贯注于……
（3）absorbing adj. 十分吸引人的，引人入胜的
absorption n. 吸收；专心致志；全神贯注
【佳句】　He was absorbed in writing a letter and didn’t even look up when I came in.
他聚精会神地写信，我进来时他甚至都没有抬头。
【练透】　单句语法填空
①Water and salt are 　　　　　　（absorb） into our bloodstream every day.
②The novel was so 　　　　　　（absorb） that she read on without a break even forgetting food and sleep.
【写美】　句式升级
③She was so absorbed in her job that she didn’t hear anybody knocking at the door.
→　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 that she didn’t hear anybody knocking at the door.（部分倒装结构）
→　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　（改写为简单句）
respond to 对……作出反应；响应
【教材原句】　The building therefore not only responds to its environment and uses less energy， but also reduces damage to the environment by generating its own renewable energy.
因此，该建筑不仅能够适应环境，减少能耗，而且自身可以产生可再生能源，减少对环境的危害。
【用法】
（1）respond v.　　 　　回答；响应；作出反应
respond with sth 以……回应
respond by doing sth 通过做某事回应
（2）response n. 回答，答复；响应；反应
make a/no response to ... 对……给予/没有回答
in response to 对……作出反应
【佳句】　He responded to me soon after receiving my letter.
收到我的信之后，他很快就回复我了。
【练透】　单句语法填空/一句多译
①She sent a letter in 　　　　　　（respond） to his inquiry.
②建筑师听到我的话时，她皱着眉头回应了我的评论。
→When the architect heard what I said， she 　　　　　　　　my comments with a frown.（respond）
→When the architect heard what I said， she 　　　　　　　　my comments with a frown.（response）
in harmony with 与……协调一致，与……和谐相处
【教材原句】　Creating buildings such as these enables us to live in closer harmony with our environment.
创造这样的建筑物能够使我们与我们的环境更和谐地相处。
【用法】
（1）harmony n.　融洽，和睦
in harmony 和谐地
out of harmony （with ...） （与……）不协调/不和谐
social harmony 社会融洽
（2）harmonious adj. 和谐的，融洽的
harmonious relationship 和谐的关系
（3）harmoniously adv. 和谐地，融洽地
【佳句】　We must ensure that tourism develops in harmony with the environment.
我们必须确保旅游业与环境和谐发展。
【练透】　单句语法填空
①The city’s rapid development has led to some areas being out of harmony 　　　　　the surrounding natural environment.
②There are several ways to maintain a 　　　　　　（harmony） dormitory life.
【写美】　补全句子
③Only when we learn to exist 　　　　　　　　　nature can we stop being a threat to wildlife.
只有当我们学会与自然和谐相处时，我们才能停止成为野生动物的威胁。
Part Ⅱ　重点句型解构
句型公式：时间状语从句的省略
【教材原句】　Zimbabwean architect Mick Pearce was inspired to create the Centre while watching a nature documentary in which termites were constructing their nests.
津巴布韦建筑师米克·皮尔斯在一部大自然纪录片中看到白蚁筑造蚁穴，从中得到启发，从而设计了东门大厦。
【用法】
（1）在时间、条件、让步、方式或比较状语从句中，当从句的主语与主句的主语一致且从句中含有be动词的某种形式时，从句中的主语和be动词可以省略。
（2）当从句的主语与主句的主语不一致，但从句的主语是it，并且从句中有be动词的某种形式时，可以把it和be动词一起省略。
【品悟】　When asked （＝When he was asked） what the trip meant to him， the man said it was “an unforgettable experience of a lifetime”.
当被问到这次旅行对他意味着什么时，他说这是他“一生都难以忘怀的经历”。
【写美】　微写作
①如果当选，我将把提高节目质量当成我的职责。（申请信）
　　　　　　　　， I will make it my duty to improve the quality of programs.
②我们沐浴在阳光下，一边摘橘子一边唱歌大笑。（活动介绍）
Bathed in sunshine， we sang and laughed 　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
③尽管他们生活在不同的时代，但他们有一些共同的特征。（投稿）
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　， they share some common characteristics.
提示：完成课后作业　UNIT 5　Section Ⅰ
10 / 10Section Ⅲ　Developing ideas
Back to Nature
Tao Yuanming and Henry David Thoreau were both poets， but one lived in Ancient China and the other in 19th century America.[1]Superficially①， these two men， whose lives were separated in time by nearly 1，500 years， were polar② opposites.And yet they shared an intense③ respect for nature， which made them each an influential figure④ of their time⑤.
　　[1]whose引导定语从句，修饰先行词these two men； Superficially为副词作状语。
Both men made dramatic transformations⑥ to their lives in order to reconnect with nature.As an official⑦ in the Eastern Jin Dynasty， Tao felt conflicted⑧ over life at court⑨.[2]In 405， he quit⑩ the service of the court for good， expressing his unhappiness in the now famous line that he would not “bow like a servant in return for five dou of grain”.He spent the next 22 years until his death， working the land in a poor， rural area.[3]From his poetry， we can learn that although his life was arduous， he succeeded in finding contentment in its simplicity and in drawing pleasure from nature.
　　[2]expressing ...为动词-ing形式作状语；that引导同位语从句。
[3]that引导宾语从句，在此从句中包含although引导的让步状语从句。
[4]While Tao’s return to nature was a reaction to a lifestyle he was opposed to ， Thoreau’s was a personal decision to transform the way he lived.He had a decent quality of life， but he wanted to live in a simpler way.For two years， two months and two days， he lived in a cottage in the forest on the edge of Walden Pond， focusing on himself and his writing.He explained his reason for doing so in Walden：“I went to the woods because I wished to live deliberately ， to front only the essential facts of life.” Both men were happy to withdraw from contemporary life， seeking a harmonious relationship with nature in the quietness of their lives.
　　[4]While意为“却；但是；而”，用于强调两种情况、活动等之间的区别，此处作者用对比的方法介绍了两位诗人回归田园生活的不同初衷。
　　Although Tao and Thoreau do not treat nature in quite the same way， their works show its beauty and value.Tao’s nature is a place of fields and villages， in other words， rural，and his animals are domestic ones， such as chickens and dogs.The calm and peaceful life he wrote about is in contrast to and critical of the depressive court life：
Beyond the dark and distance lies a village，
The smoke above reluctant to depart.
A dog is barking somewhere down the lane，
And chickens sit atop the mulberry tree.
Thoreau’s descriptions of nature emphasised the beauty and purity of the wild areas around him.[5]Devoting himself to observations of the natural phenomena ， he recorded his detailed findings in his journals .[6]Thoreau’s writing aimed to convince people that animals and plants had a right to live and prosper ， as we do. We should live with them in harmony and enjoy nature’s gifts， as he describes in his journals：
　　Live in each season as it passes； breathe the air， drink the drink， taste the fruit， and resign yourself to the influences of each.Let them be your only diet， drink and botanical medicines.
　　[5]Devoting himself to ...为动词-ing短语作伴随状语。
[6]that引导宾语从句，作convince的宾语；as引导方式状语从句。
【读文清障】
①superficially adv.表面（上）地
superficial adj.表面的
②polar adj.完全相反的，截然对立的
③intense adj.很大的，强烈的
④figure n.人物
⑤time n.时期，时代
⑥transformation n.转变，改观
transform v.转变
⑦official n.官员 adj.官方的；公务的
officially adv.官方地；正式地
⑧conflicted adj.矛盾的
⑨court n.王宫，宫廷
⑩quit v.离开，离任
bow v.鞠躬
in return for作为对……的回报
in turn反过来
rural adj.农村的，乡村的
succeed in doing sth成功做成某事
reaction to对……的反应
be opposed to反对
decent adj.可接受的，相当好的
cottage n.乡村小屋
deliberately adv.不慌不忙地，从容不迫地
deliberate adj.从容不迫的；故意的
withdraw v.退出
domestic adj.驯养的；家养的
depressive adj.抑郁的
depress v.使沮丧
depression n.沮丧，压抑
emphasise v.强调
purity n.纯洁；洁净
pure adj.纯洁的，纯净的
devote oneself to献身于
devotion to献身于
phenomenon n.现象
journal n.刊物，杂志；日记
convince v.说服；使相信
convince sb of sth 说服某人某事
prosper v.繁荣，兴旺
prosperous adj.繁荣的，兴旺的
　　[7]It takes considerable courage to reject the easy and familiar and instead try to live closer to nature， as both Tao and Thoreau did.Their choices led them to quiet and reflective lives with fewer material desires.In today’s modern world， their ideas about living simply and being at ease with nature may take us a step closer to attaining personal well-being and fulfilment.
　　[7]本句中的the easy and familiar为“the＋形容词”结构，构成名词，表示一类人或事物；It是形式主语，真正的主语是动词不定式短语to reject ...；as引导方式状语从句。
considerable adj.相当多的，相当大的
reject v.拒绝接受
reflective adj.沉思的，深思的
ease n.舒适，悠闲
at ease with不拘束，放松
well-being n.健康，安乐
【参考译文】
回归大自然
陶渊明和亨利·大卫·梭罗都是诗人，但是一位生活在古代中国，另一位生活在19世纪的美国。表面上看，这两个人生活在不同的时代，相隔近一千五百年，迥然不同。然而，他们都非常尊重自然，这使得他们在各自的时代都成为有影响力的人物。
为了重归自然，两人的生活都发生了戏剧性的转变。陶渊明是东晋的官员，但是对官场生活感到困惑。公元405年，陶渊明永久地辞去了官职，以表达他对仕途的不满，用今天的一句名言形容就是“不为五斗米折腰”。在之后的22年里，直到生命的尽头，他躬耕于田野，生活在清贫的农村。我们可以从他的诗歌中看出，尽管生活艰苦，但他从这种简单的生活中成功获得了满足感，并从大自然中获得了乐趣。
陶渊明回归大自然是对自己反对的生活方式做出的一种反应，而梭罗则是出于个人的决定而改变自己的生活方式。虽然梭罗过着体面的生活，但他希望活得更简单些。两年两个月零两天，他住在瓦尔登湖边森林里的一间小屋里，专注于自身和写作。他在《瓦尔登湖》中解释了这样做的原因：“我步入丛林，是因为我希望自由地生活，只面对生活中的基本事实。”两个人都乐于从当下的生活中抽身而退，在平静的生活中寻求与自然和谐的关系。
尽管陶渊明和梭罗对待自然的方式不同，但他们的作品都展现了自然的美丽和价值。陶渊明的自然是田野和村庄，换句话说，是田园。他的动物们都是家养的，比如鸡和狗。他描写的平静祥和的生活，与压抑的官场生活形成鲜明对比，是对压抑的官场生活的批判：
暧暧远人村，依依墟里烟。狗吠深巷中，鸡鸣桑树颠。
梭罗在描述自然时，重点描绘了他周围原野的美丽与纯粹。他全身心投入到观察自然现象中，并在日记中详细地记录了自己的发现。梭罗的写作意在使人们信服，动物和植物就像我们人类一样都有生存和繁荣的权利。我们应该与它们和谐共处，享受大自然的恩赐，正如他在日记中描述的那样：
好好度过每一个季节，呼吸新鲜的空气，畅饮美酒，品尝水果，尽情享受这一切。让生活中只有饮食和草药。
像陶渊明和梭罗那样，拒绝简单熟悉的事物，转而尝试亲近大自然，这需要相当大的勇气。他们的选择使他们过上了平静而沉思的生活，物质欲望减少了。在今天这个现代世界，他们关于简单生活和与自然和谐相处的想法，可能会让我们离获得个人幸福和满足感更近一步。
第一步：析架构理清脉络
Read the passage quickly and then fill in the blanks.
第二步：知细节明察秋毫
Read the passage carefully and choose the best answers.
1.Why did Tao Yuanming quit the service of the court？（　　）
A.Because he was an influential figure of their day.
B.Because he felt conflicted over life at court.
C.Because he wanted to work the land.
D.Because he liked living in a rural area.
2.How did Thoreau feel about his life in the forest？（　　）
A.Pleased.　　　　　　B.Puzzled.
C.Disappointed. D.Bored.
3.What did Thoreau describe in his writings？（　　）
A.Fields and villages.
B.Chickens and dogs.
C.Animals and plants.
D.Mountains and rivers.
4.According to passage， what does the author want people to do？（　　）
A.To live a life in the countryside.
B.To attain personal well-being and fulfilment.
C.To live with as much material as we can.
D.To live a free life.
5.What should we do if we want to attain personal well-being and fulfilment？（　　）
A.Live closer to nature.
B.Increase material desires.
C.Walk a lot in the forest.
D.Share a respect for nature.
第三步：拓思维品质提升
Discuss the following questions with your partner.
1.How do you understand the poem by Tao in the text？
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
2.What lesson do you learn from Tao Yuanming and Thoreau？
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
第四步：析难句表达升级
1.Superficially，these two men， whose lives were separated in time by nearly 1，500 years， were polar opposites.
句式分析 本句主干为these two men were polar opposites。Superficially为副词作　　　　；whose引导　　　　从句，修饰先行词these two men。
自主翻译 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
2.In 405， he quit the service of the court for good，expressing his unhappiness in the now famous line that he would not “bow like a servant in return for five dou of grain”.
句式分析 expressing ...为动词-ing形式作　　　　；that引导　　　　从句。
自主翻译 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
3.From his poetry，we can learn that although his life was arduous，he succeeded in finding contentment in its simplicity and in drawing pleasure from nature.
句式分析 本句为主从复合句。that引导　　　　从句，其中含有although引导的　　　　　　从句。and连接并列的状语in its simplicity和in drawing pleasure from nature。
自主翻译 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
4.Thoreau’s writing aimed to convince people that animals and plants had a right to live and prosper， as we do.
句式分析 本句为主从复合句。that引导　　　　从句；to live and prosper为动词不定式作　　　　；as引导　　　　　　从句。
自主翻译 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
Part Ⅰ　核心词汇集释
in return for 作为对……的回报
【教材原句】　...he would not “bow like a servant in return for five dou of grain”.
……他“不为五斗米折腰”。
【用法】
（1）in return 　　　　　作为报答/回报/交换
（2）in turn 反过来
by turns 交替；轮流
in one’s turn 轮到某人
take turns to do sth 轮流做某事
【佳句】　I will work hard in return for the trust they have placed in me.
我会努力工作以回报他们给予我的信任。
【练透】　单句语法填空
①Theory is based on practice and 　　　　　turn serves practice.
②I wish I could do something for you 　　　　　　return.
【写美】　补全句子
③He wanted to do something 　　　　　　her kindness.
他想做点什么事来酬谢她的好意。
reaction to 对……的反应
【教材原句】　While Tao’s return to nature was a reaction to a lifestyle he was opposed to， Thoreau’s was a personal decision to transform the way he lived.
陶渊明回归大自然是对自己反对的生活方式做出的一种反应，而梭罗则是出于个人的决定而改变自己的生活方式。
【用法】
（1）reaction n.　　反应；回应
in reaction to 作为对……的反应
（2）react v. 反应；应答，起作用；起反应
react against 反对；反抗
react on/upon 对……起作用，有影响
react with 与……反应
react to 对……作出反应/起反应
【佳句】　Their reaction to the joke is to laugh.
他们对这个笑话的反应是笑。
【练透】　单句语法填空
①They react 　　　　　　many metals to form a salt and give off hydrogen.
②He reacted strongly 　　　　　　the artistic conventions of his time.
【写美】　一句多译
③你认为他会对这个坏消息作何反应？
→How do you think 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　？ （react）
→What do you think 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　？ （reaction）
withdraw v.退出；撤离；撤回；收回；提取
【教材原句】　Both men were happy to withdraw from contemporary life ...
两个人都乐于从当下的生活中抽身而退……
【用法】
（1）withdraw from 　　　 从……退出/撤回
withdraw sth from sth 从……中提取……
withdraw one’s eyes from
把视线从……移开（不再看……）
withdraw a remark 收回发言
（2）withdrawal n. 收回；撤回；撤退；取款
withdrawn adj. 沉默寡言的；内向的
【佳句】　Just at that time， the wolf might feel the threats from the people， starting to withdraw.
就在那时，狼可能感觉到来自人们的威胁，开始撤退。
【点津】　withdraw的过去式和过去分词均为不规则形式，它们分别是withdrew， withdrawn。
【练透】　语境辨义/单句语法填空
①The product was withdrawn from the market on safety grounds. 　　　　　　　
②The people in the buildings withdrew in time in the big fire. 　　　　　　　
③The general has ordered a partial 　　　　（withdraw） of troops from the area.
④Following her failure at work， she became quiet and 　　　　　　（withdraw） and rarely went out.
【写美】　补全句子
⑤After half an hour or so， he received a call and 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　quietly.
大约过了半个小时，他接了一个电话，然后悄悄地退出了会议。
resign v.使自己顺从于（做）某事；安于；辞职；辞去（工作、职位等）
【教材原句】　Live in each season as it passes； breathe the air， drink the drink， taste the fruit， and resign yourself to the influences of each.
好好度过每一个季节，呼吸新鲜的空气，畅饮美酒，品尝水果，尽情享受这一切。
【用法】
resign one’s post/position 　辞去职务
resign oneself to （doing） sth听任/顺从/只好接受（做）某事
resign ...to ... 　　把……托付给……
resign from ... 从……辞职
【佳句】　I finally resigned myself to going to Mexico with him even though I didn’t want to.
我最终还是接受和他一起去墨西哥，尽管我不想去。
【练透】　单句语法填空
①More and more parents resign their children 　　　　　　their grandparents at home while working in the city.
②After he resigned 　　　　　　the post， he was dedicated to helping the disabled.
【写美】　补全句子
③Although I was very tired， I didn’t want to 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
虽然我很累，但我不想中途放弃。
at ease with 不拘束，放松
【教材原句】　In today’s modern world， their ideas about living simply and being at ease with nature may take us a step closer to attaining personal well-being and fulfilment.
在今天这个现代世界，他们关于简单生活和与自然和谐相处的想法，可能会让我们离获得个人幸福和满足感更近一步。
【用法】
ease n.舒适，悠闲v.减轻（痛苦、忧虑）；缓和
take one’s ease 　使某人放松一下
at ease 舒适；自由自在
put sb at ease 使某人感到轻松自在
feel at ease 感到心情放松
with ease 容易地；毫不费劲地
ease sb of sth 减轻某人的（痛苦、负担等）
【佳句】　I felt at ease with my new school life half a month later.
半个月后，我适应了新的学校生活。
【练透】　单句语法填空
①How could we feel 　　　　　　ease while you refuse to take anything from us？
②The ease 　　　　　　which she learns languages is astonishing.
③His mind was 　　　　　　ease when he knew that his wife and children were safe.
【写美】　补全句子
④Soon， his warm， bright smile 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
很快，他温暖、灿烂的笑容使我放松下来。
evaluate v.评估，评价
【教材原句】　A comparative essay compares， contrasts and evaluates two or more topics.
比较类文章比较、对比和评价两个或两个以上的主题。
【用法】
（1）evaluate sb on/by 　　根据……评价某人
evaluate ...as ... 把……评价为……
（2）evaluation n.　　　　评估，评价
make an evaluation of 对……进行评估
an evaluation of the health care system 对医疗制度的评价
【佳句】　It’s impossible to evaluate these results without knowing more about the research methods employed.
如果不能对使用的研究方法有更多了解，就不可能对其结果作出评价。
【练透】　单句语法填空
①We evaluated his performance 　　　　　outstanding among his peers.
②Before you make a decision， you need to evaluate us 　　　　　　our technique.
【写美】　一句多译
③我们必须评估火灾造成的后果。
→We must 　　　　　　　　　　　　　caused by the fire.（evaluate）
→We must 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　caused by the fire.（evaluation）
Part Ⅱ　重点句型解构
句型公式：while用作并列连词，连接并列句
【教材原句】　While Tao’s return to nature was a reaction to a lifestyle he was opposed to， Thoreau’s was a personal decision to transform the way he lived.
陶渊明回归大自然是对自己反对的生活方式做出的一种反应，而梭罗则是出于个人的决定而改变自己的生活方式。
【用法】
句中while作并列连词，意为“而，然而”，表示对比，常用来连接两个并列分句。
（1）while引导让步状语从句时，意为“尽管，虽然”，从句往往位于主句之前。
（2）while引导时间状语从句时，意为“当……时候”，从句谓语往往用进行时态。
【品悟】　Some people are trying hard to make their dreams come true， while some are wasting their time.
有些人在努力实现自己的梦想，而有些人却在浪费时间。
【写美】　微写作
①姑娘们又唱又跳，而露西一个人静静地坐在角落里。（动作描写）
The girls sang and danced 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
②当我妈妈和我在购物的时候，我们遇到了我的老师，他提到学校没有音乐老师来帮助我们班为冬季博览会组织表演。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　， we ran into my teacher， who mentioned that the school didn’t have a music teacher to help our class organize a performance for Winter Fair.
句型公式：as引导定语从句
【教材原句】　We should live with them in harmony and enjoy nature’s gifts， as he describes in his journals ...
我们应该与它们和谐共处，享受大自然的恩赐，正如他在日记中描述的那样……
【用法】
句中as引导非限制性定语从句，并在从句中作宾语，意为“正如，像”。
（1）as 引导非限制性定语从句的用法：
①as指代整个主句的内容，并在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语，可放在句首、句末或句
中；which引导定语从句指代整个主句的内容时，只能位于句末。
②先行词作主语且定语从句为被动语态时，通常用as 不用which，从句谓语通常为be known， be said， be reported， be mentioned等；
③as常用于这些习惯用语中：as is mentioned above正如上面提到的；as we all know众所周知；as is often the case情况常常如此；as is expected 正如预料的那样。
（2）as还可以引导限制性定语从句，先行词前通常有as， so， such， the same等修饰语。
【品悟】　Thanksgiving day has been an international festival， as we know.
正如我们所知道的那样，感恩节已经成为一个国际性的节日。
【写美】　微写作
①像往常一样，在比赛结束很久之后，观众还在继续庆祝自己球队的胜利。（动作描写）
　　　　　　　　　　　， the spectators continued celebrating their team’s victory long after the match was over.
②众所周知，词汇是语言的一个重要部分，就像一座楼的砖块。（投稿）
　　　　　　　　　， vocabulary is an important part of the language， just like bricks of a building.
③正如上面提到的，在中国大多数高中，对武术感兴趣的学生人数正在增加。（告知信）
　　　　　　　　　　　　， the number of the students who are interested in wushu is increasing in most high schools in China.
④你最好让孩子们读那些能使他们更好、更聪明的书。（建议信）
You’d better let the children read such books 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
提示：完成课后作业　UNIT 5　Section Ⅲ
11 / 11Section Ⅳ　Writing about a lesson from nature
Step 1　品教材课文 Step 2　析写作手法
The Meaning of Struggle One day， a man found the pupa of a butterfly.Seeing an opening in the pupa， he realised that the butterfly was ready to emerge. So he sat down and watched as the butterfly struggled to force its body through the little hole.However， minutes passed and the butterfly still couldn’t get out.The struggle was too hard for its weak body.The man then kindly enlarged the hole in the pupa so that the butterfly could finally break free.But instead of flying away， it just dragged itself around weakly， then died.The struggle to break out of the pupa was necessary for the butterfly’s survival because it enabled its wings and body to grow strong.Without the struggle， it was too weak to live. In the same way， we need struggle to grow strong and survive.We must go through some difficult things if we really wish to spread our wings and fly. A suitable title for the story 选取一个与自然界相关的富有哲理寓意的主题，并为故事拟定了一个贴合文意的标题。 Para.1：The background， plot and ending of the story 首段第二句中使用了动词-ing短语Seeing an opening in the pupa作状语，使句子表达简洁；第三句中使用了as引导的时间状语从句；第六句中使用了so that引导的目的状语从句，这些从句的使用使表达富于变化。本段中还多处使用了衔接词，如so， however， but等，使语言连贯，过渡自然，衔接紧密。 Para.2：What lessons we can learn from the story 文中使用了隐喻的修辞手法，将蝴蝶破茧挣扎的过程与人的成长过程进行比较，实际上是为了给读者启示：成长的过程需要个人努力奋斗，同时也要尊重自然规律。
Step 3　背出彩佳句
1.Nature is often regarded as our best teacher.
大自然经常被认为是我们最好的老师。
2.It’s not surprising for us to draw wisdom from nature.
从大自然中汲取智慧对我们来说是不足为奇的。
3.The idiom reminds us of the importance of diligence.
这个成语提醒我们勤奋的重要性。
4.Preparation plays an important role on the road to success.
准备在成功的道路上起着重要的作用。
5.Make full preparations and you can make achievements and attain your goals.
做好充分的准备，你就能取得成就，实现你的目标。
6.In my opinion， this short story tells us that life is not fair and that anything can happen.
在我看来，这个短篇故事告诉我们，生活是不公平的，任何事情都可能发生。
7.What the picture attempts to convey is that cooperation will benefit everyone.
图片试图传达的是，合作将惠及所有人。
8.It is obvious that if we behave like the ants， we will defeat all the difficulties.
很明显，如果我们表现得像蚂蚁一样，我们将战胜一切困难。
9.In the same way， if we’re too anxious for quick results and rush to complete them， we may neglect some important stages and ended in failure.
同样，如果我们急功近利，急于完成，我们可能会忽视一些重要的阶段，最终遭受失败。
假定你是李华，你的朋友Mike向你询问汉语成语“揠苗助长”的含义。请你根据下面的汉语提示用英语写一篇短文，向其解释该成语的由来和意义。
宋人有闵其苗之不长而揠之者，芒芒然归，谓其人曰：“今日病矣！予助苗长矣！”其子趋而往视之，苗则槁矣。
一、审题谋篇，结构分明
第一段：解释成语的含义；
第二段：叙述故事的经过；
第三段：感受和教训。
二、要点陈述、语言规范
1.成语“揠苗助长”的意思就是通过将植物拔高而帮助它们生长。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
2.它背后有一个故事。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
3.宋国有个人，很担心自己种的秧苗长得太慢。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
4.他把它们一棵棵往上拔。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
5.他回来对家人说：“我今天累坏了，因为我帮秧苗长高了。”
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
6.他的儿子听了，跑去田地，发现秧苗都死了。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
7.这个成语给了我们一个教训。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
8.违背事物发展规律，急功近利，只会使事情变得更糟。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
三、句间衔接，过渡自然
1.用定语从句合并要点1和要点2。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
2.用同位语从句合并要点7和要点8。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
四、检查誊写，卷面整洁
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
动作描写 seek solutions to 寻求解决方法 take inspiration from 从……中获取灵感 employ v.使用，运用 bow v.鞠躬 reject v.拒绝接受 ease v.减轻；缓解；使安心；（使）宽慰 n.舒适，悠闲 depart v.离开
环境描写 lotus n.莲花；荷花 pond n.池塘 mulberry n.桑葚；桑树 dragonfly n.蜻蜓 lane n.（乡间的）小路 cottage n.乡村小屋 rural adj.农村的，乡村的 botanical adj.植物（学）的
人物描写 physician n.医生 decent adj.可接受的，相当好的 reluctant adj.不情愿的；勉强的 fulfilment n.满足（感） wisdom n.智慧
　　请从以上语料中选择合适的词汇，并用适当的过渡词完成下面语段。
为了减轻工作压力，上周我和朋友哈里开车去了乡村地区。走在乡间的小路上，我被池塘里的荷花、随风摇曳的桑树和飞舞的蜻蜓所吸引。“这景色多美啊！”哈里低声自言自语，脸上不自觉地挂着微笑。突然，我们看见远处有一座乡村小屋。小屋越来越近，我们越来越高兴，因为我们在那里看到了一个美丽的植物园。欣赏着田野的美景，我们感到一种满足感。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
提示：完成课后作业　UNIT 5　Section Ⅳ
4 / 4Section Ⅱ　Using language
复习：非谓语动词作主语、宾语和表语
①It is natural to think in this way ...
②Today，architects continue to explore ways to capture the beauty of natural forms， ...
③People whose interest is exploring the relationship between art and science will enjoy Singapore’s ArtScience Museum.
④...it appears to float above the waterfront promenade and the water that surrounds it.
⑤Visitors are often amazed to find themselves in an urban building that so truly captures the beauty of natural forms.
⑥To use biomimicry is to create structures based on natural forms and processes.
⑦Creating buildings such as these enables us to live in closer harmony with our environment.
【我的发现】
1.以上句子中，句①和句⑥中的To use biomimicry为动词不定式短语作　　　　，有时可以用　　　　作形式主语而把动词不定式短语放在后面，如句①；句②中的动词不定式短语作　　　　；句④和句⑥中的to create structures为动词不定式短语作　　　　。
2.句③中的动词-ing短语作　　　　；句⑦中的动词-ing短语作　　　　。
3.句⑤中为过去分词作　　　　。
一、非谓语动词概述
　非谓语动词有三种：动词不定式、动词-ing形式和过去分词。非谓语动词在句中不可单独用作谓语，没有人称和数的变化，但可以有自己的宾语、状语等。
二、非谓语动词的形式
形式 主动形式 被动形式
动词不 定式 一般式 to do to be done
进行式 to be doing ——
完成式 to have done to have been done
完成进行式 to have been doing ——
动词-ing 形式 一般式 doing being done
完成式 having done having been done
过去分词 done ——
名师点津
非谓语动词的否定形式是在非谓语动词的前面直接加not，如not to do， not doing， not to be done， not having done。
三、非谓语动词的句法功能
　　句法功能 形式　　　 主语 宾语 表语 定语 状语 补语
动词不定式 √ √ √ √ √ √
动词-ing形式 √ √ √ √ √ √
过去分词 √ √ √ √
四、非谓语动词的语法功能
1.非谓语动词作主语
（1）动词-ing形式和动词不定式作主语的区别：动词-ing形式作主语多指抽象的、概念性的动作，可以是多次的、经常性的行为；动词不定式作主语表示具体的动作，尤指一次性的动作。
To teach you English is my job.
教你们英语是我的工作。
Travelling along the old Silk Road is an interesting experience.
沿着古老的丝绸之路旅行是一次有趣的经历。
（2）动词-ing形式和动词不定式作主语，都可以用it作形式主语，经常用于以下句型中：
①It is/was no use/good/worth ... doing sth
②It＋be＋名词＋to do sth
③It＋be＋difficult/easy/important/impossible/necessary ...＋for sb to do sth
④It＋be＋careless/clever/foolish/honest/kind/wise ...＋of sb to do sth
It is important for the data to be updated regularly.
数据经常被更新是重要的。
It is no good playing computer games all day long.
整天玩电脑游戏是不好的。
【即时演练1】　单句语法填空
①　　　　　　 （expose） to the sunlight does great harm to your skin.
②It’s hard 　　　　　　（distinguish） one twin from the other.
③It took him about a month 　　　　　　（accustom） himself to the senior high life.
④　　　　　　 （face） up to your problems rather than running away from them is the best approach to working things out.
⑤I think it is no good 　　　　　　（have） another talk with him on this matter.
2.非谓语动词作宾语
动词不定式和动词-ing形式在句中都可以作宾语。动词不定式作宾语一般表示一次性的动作或将来的动作；动词-ing形式作宾语常表示经常性的动作或正在进行的动作。但在很多情况下，两者可以通用，使用时要注意一些特殊的规则。
（1）下列动词后只能用动词不定式作宾语：
decide/determine， learn， want， expect/hope/wish； refuse， manage， care， pretend； offer， promise， choose， plan； agree， ask/beg， help； afford， strive， happen， wait， threaten， fail等
If I fail to appear by 7 o’clock， I will not be coming.
如果我7点钟没有出现的话，我就不会来了。
After a gap of five years， Jennifer decided to go back to work full-time.
间隔五年之后，詹妮弗决定继续全职工作。
（2）下列动词或动词短语后只能用动词-ing形式作宾语：
consider，suggest/advise，look forward to，excuse/pardon； admit，delay/put off，fancy； avoid，miss，keep/keep on，practice； deny，finish，enjoy/appreciate； forbid，imagine，risk； can’t help，mind， allow/permit， escape等
此外，下列动词短语后也要用动词-ing形式作宾语：
be used/accustomed to， lead to， be devoted to， go back to， stick to， object to， get down to， pay attention to， can’t stand， give up， feel like， insist on， thank ...for， apologise for， be busy （in）， have difficulty/trouble （in）， have a good/wonderful/hard time （in）， spend time （in）等
I don’t mind having a dog in the house so long as it’s clean.
我不反对房子里有条狗，只要它干净就行了。
He has become accustomed to doing morning exercises every day.
他每天晨练，已经习以为常了。
（3）下列动词或动词短语后既可以用动词-ing形式作宾语，也可以用动词不定式作宾语，但意义上有区别，要特别注意。
后接动词不定式 后接动词-ing形式
regret to do sth 遗憾地去做某事 regret doing sth 后悔做过某事
forget to do sth 忘记要去做某事 forget doing sth 忘记做过某事
remember to do sth 记得要去做某事 remember doing sth 记得做过某事
mean to do sth 打算去做某事 mean doing sth 意味着做某事
try to do sth 努力/企图去做某事 try doing sth 尝试做某事
can’t help （to） do sth 不能帮助做某事 can’t help doing sth 忍不住做某事
If we want to catch the 7：30 train， that will mean leaving the house at 6：00.
如果我们想赶上7：30的火车，那就意味着要6：00从家中出发。
I didn’t mean to leave her name off the list； it was an oversight.
我不是有意在名单上漏掉她的名字的，这是个疏忽。
（4）动词allow， permit， forbid， advise等后直接跟动词-ing形式作宾语，如果后面有名词或代词作宾语，其后用动词不定式作宾语补足语。
Sorry， we don’t allow making noises in the reading room.
对不起，在阅览室里不准喧哗。
We don’t allow students to make noises in the reading room.
我们不允许学生在阅览室里喧哗。
（5）need， want， require作“需要”，deserve作“应受，应得”讲时，其后用动词-ing形式的主动形式（doing）或动词不定式的被动形式（to be done）表示被动意义。be worth后也用动词-ing形式的主动形式（doing）表达被动含义。
The window needs/requires/wants to be cleaned/cleaning.
窗户需要擦了。
（6）think， find， feel， make， believe等动词可用于“动词＋it＋形容词＋to do sth”结构，在此句型中，it作形式宾语，而真正的宾语是后面的动词不定式。
I think it important to take notes in all classes.
我认为在所有课上做笔记是重要的。
【即时演练2】　单句语法填空
①Tom’s English is not good， so he devoted all his free time to 　　　　　　　　（study） it.
②He didn’t feel well and suggested 　　　　　　　　　　（give） a good medical examination.
③She pretended 　　　　　　（read） when the teacher came into the classroom.
④If you wish to be admitted to a key university， you must tolerate 　　　　　　（work） hard all the three years in senior high school.
⑤I intend 　　　　　　（take） full advantage of this trip to buy the things we need.
3.非谓语动词作表语
（1）动词不定式和动词-ing形式作表语时的区别。
动词不定式和动词-ing形式作表语虽然都是用于回答主语“是什么”的，但二者仍有一些区别。动词不定式作表语强调的是一次性的、具体的、将要发生的动作；而动词-ing形式作表语强调的是一般性的、抽象的、经常发生的动作。
Our plan is to make better use of these materials.
我们的计划是更好地利用这些材料。
My job is teaching you English.
我的工作是教你们英语。
（2）动词-ing形式和过去分词作表语时的区别。
动词-ing形式和过去分词作表语都是用于回答主语“怎么样”的。动词-ing形式说明主语的特征，过去分词则说明主语的状态。
I was surprised at the news that he had failed the test.听到他考试不及格的消息，我很惊讶。
The music they are playing sounds exciting.
他们演奏的音乐听起来令人激动。
（3）动词不定式作表语和动词不定式表示将来时的区别。
动词不定式作表语用于说明主语“是什么”，主语和表语可以交换位置，其意思不变；动词不定式用来表示将来时态时，表示主语即将要执行的动作，主语和表语不可交换位置。
The purpose of fundamental education is to develop a fine personality in children.
基础教育的目的是培养儿童优良的品格。
My American teacher is to leave China soon.
我的美国老师即将离开中国。
（4）过去分词作表语和过去分词用于被动语态时的区别。
过去分词作表语说明主语所处的状态或特征；过去分词用于被动语态说明主语所承受的动作。
The painting remains unfinished.
这幅画仍未完成。
The painting was finished by his apprentice.
这幅画是由他的徒弟完成的。
【即时演练3】　单句语法填空
①The purpose of the activity is 　　　　　（raise） people’s awareness of environmental protection.
②The argument is very 　　　　　　（convince） and we are all convinced of you.
③The pilot asked all the passengers on board to remain 　　　　　　（seat） as the plane was making a landing.
④Joining the firm as a clerk， he gradually got 　　　　　　（promote） and ended up as a manager.
vary from ...to ...从……到……不等
【教材原句】　This could vary from a view of a pond and the splashing of fish， to a tree in blossom， a pagoda or a moon-shaped gate.
从池塘和鱼儿飞溅的景色，到盛开的树、宝塔或月亮形的大门，这些都是不同的。
【用法】
（1）vary v.　变化，不同；使不同，使多样性
vary with 随……而变化
vary in 在……方面变化，在……方面有差异
（2）variety n. 多样化；不同种类
a variety of 各种各样的
（3）various adj. 各种各样的，各种不同的
【佳句】　The levels of tolerable pain vary greatly from individual to individual.
对疼痛的忍受程度因人而异，差别很大。
【练透】　单句语法填空
①There are a 　　　　　　（vary） of ways to learn English beyond the classroom.
②Often due to 　　　　　　（vary） pressures， we tend to ignore our health.
③The two products have a lot in common but vary 　　　　　　their functions.
【写美】　补全句子
④Teenagers’ attitudes towards failure 　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
青少年对待失败的态度因人而异。
employ v.使用，运用；雇用
【教材原句】　Inspired by dolphins， people have learnt how to send signals underwater， which is currently employed in tsunami early-warning systems.
人们受到了海豚的启发，学会了如何在水下发送信号，这项技术目前被应用于海啸早期预警系统中。
【用法】
（1）employ sb （as ...） 　雇用某人（为……）
employ sb to do sth 雇用某人做某事
employ sth to do sth 运用某物做某事
（2）be employed in （doing） sth＝employ oneself in （doing） sth 从事/忙于（做）某事
（3）employer n. 雇用者，雇主
employee n. 受雇者，雇员
【佳句】　Sophisticated statistical analysis was employed to obtain these results.
运用尖端的统计分析技术得到了这些结果。
【练透】　单句语法填空
①She was employed 　　　　　　a shop assistant the other day.
②I was employed 　　　　　　（assist） the manager with his duties.
【写美】　同义句转换
③Employed in drawing up plans， the architect didn’t see Tom come in.
→　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　， the architect didn’t see Tom come in.
提示：完成课后作业　UNIT 5　Section Ⅱ
6 / 6单元素养提升
◇本单元语法学了什么内容？ 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 ◇自我评价 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
◇本单元写作练了哪个方面？ 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
回顾单元知识·提高语言能力
一、核心单词
1.　　　　　　 adj.极好的，出色的
2.　　　　　　n.（学科的）知识前沿
3.　　　　　　n.池塘
4.　　　　　　 v.播（种）
5.　　　　　　 v.使用，运用
6.　　　　　　 n.蝙蝠
7.　　　　　　 n.医生
8.　　　　　　 v.鞠躬
9.　　　　　　 adj.农村的，乡村的
10.　　　　　　 adj.可接受的，相当好的
11.　　　　　　 n.乡村小屋
12.　　　　　　 v.退出
13.　　　　　　 adj.驯养的；家养的
14.　　　　　　 n.舒适，悠闲
15.　　　　　　 v.得到，获得
16.　　　　　　 n.满足（感）
Ⅰ.选用上面单词并用其适当形式填空
1.The government is making efforts to avoid the unbalanced distribution of resources between 　　　　　　and urban schools.
2.Whether you can do the work depends on whether you have 　　　　　　the qualification certificate.
3.If you want to achieve better results， you should 　　　　　　more creative strategies as he does.
4.I was green with envy from the bottom of my heart because he was leading a cosy and 　　　　life.
5.When he heard of his failure， Tom 　　　　　　his head with sorrow.
6.The seeds of friendship were 　　　　　　during our childhood， and they have grown stronger with time.
二、拓展单词
1.　　　　　　 n.建筑师→architecture n.建筑学，建筑设计→architectural adj.建筑的
2.　　　　　　 v.使转变；使转换→conversion n.转变；转换；转化
3.　　　　　　 n.智慧→wise adj.明智的
4.　　　　　　 adj.抑郁的→depress v.使抑郁；使沮丧→depression n.抑郁，抑郁症；沮丧，消沉
5.　　　　　　 n.纯洁；洁净→purify v.使洁净，使净化→pure adj.纯洁的，纯净的
6.　　　　　　 v.使自己顺从于（做）某事；安于→resignation n.顺从，听任
7.　　　　　　 adj.植物（学）的→botany n.植物学→botanist n.植物学家
8.　　　　　　 v.拒绝接受→rejection n.拒绝接受
9.　　　　　　 v.评估，评价→evaluation n.评估，评价
Ⅱ.用所给单词的适当形式填空
1.These Qing Dynasty 　　　　　　（architecture） marvels， along with many others， were all built by members of the same family — the Lei family.
2.Bad emotion descended when he got the 　　　　　　（reject） from the company again.
3.The way the guests were treated in the hotel influenced their 　　　　　　（evaluate） of the service.
4.When you suffer from severe 　　　　　　（depress）， it is essential to seek professional help and support to overcome it.
5.The book is full of 　　　　　　　　　（wise）， which can guide us in our daily lives.
6.In literature， the swan is a symbol of 　　　　　　（pure） and virtue.
三、重点短语
1.　　　　　　　　　认为……理所当然
2.　　　　　　　 ……的例子
3.　　　　　　　 将……转变为
4.　　　　　　　 对……作出反应；响应
5.　　　　　　　 与……协调一致，
与……和谐相处
6.　　　　　　　 寻求解决方法
7.　　　　　　　 从……中获取灵感
8.　　　　　　　 作为对……的回报
9.　　　　　　　 从……中获得……
10.　　　　　　　 反对
11.　　　　　　　　 对……的反应
12.　　　　　　　 从……退出/撤回
13.　　　　　　　 听任，顺从，只好接受
14.　　　　　　　 不拘束，放松
15.　　　　　　　 准备好
Ⅲ.选用上面短语并用其适当形式填空
1.To the monitor’s surprise， most of the students 　　　　　　　　his proposal of having a picnic on weekends.
2.The local tourism has been 　　　　　　　the environment for decades.
3.Although he tried to hide his 　　　　　　　　　　the situation， his expression gave him away.
4.You will soon feel 　　　　　　　　your fellow students or workers.
5.When he was criticized， he didn’t know how to 　　　　　　　　those harsh words.
6.Eleven million bottles of water had to 　　　　　　　　sale due to a health scare.
7.The government 　　　　　　　　introduce protection for the car industry.
四、经典句式
1.时间状语从句的省略
Zimbabwean architect Mick Pearce was inspired to create the Centre 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　（观看一部大自然纪录片时） in which termites were constructing their nests.
2.动词-ing短语作主语
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 （创造这样的建筑物） enables us to live in closer harmony with our environment.
3.while用作并列连词，连接并列句
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 （陶渊明回归大自然是对自己反对的生活方式做出的一种反应）， Thoreau’s was a personal decision to transform the way he lived.
4.as引导定语从句
We should live with them in harmony and enjoy nature’s gifts， 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　（正如他在日记中描述的那样） ...
Ⅳ.句式仿写
1.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 taken with my grandma in the past， I found myself crying.
当我看着过去跟奶奶一起拍的照片时，我发现自己在哭。
2.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 will help you speak English fluently.
经常接触英语将帮助你流利地说英语。
3.There’s plenty of rain in the south-east， 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
东南部雨量充足，而西北部则很少。
4.　　　　　　　　　　　， Shakespeare is a famous writer.
众所周知，莎士比亚是一位著名的作家。
整合话题元素·增强思维品质
一、人与自然
1.creature n.　　　　生物；动物
2.relationship n. 关系
3.connection n. 联系
4.damage n. 损害
5.power v. 给……提供能量
6.convert v. 使转变；使转换
7.fuel n. 燃料
8.harvest v. 收割，采集
9.respond to 对……作出反应，响应
10.generate v. 产生
11.renewable energy 可再生能源
12.in harmony with 与……协调一致；与……和谐相处
13.meet the needs of 满足……的需求
14.solution n. 解决办法
15.admire v. 欣赏
16.a respect for 对……尊重
17.influential adj. 有影响力的
18.transformation n. 转换
19.rural adj. 农村的，乡村的
20.arduous adj. 艰苦的，艰难的
21.contentment n. 满意，满足
22.simplicity n. 简单，质朴
23.draw ...from ... 从……中汲取……
24.pleasure n. 乐趣
25.reaction to 对……的反应
26.essential adj. 基本的
27.harmonious adj. 和谐的
28.withdraw from 从……退出/撤回
29.in contrast to 与……形成对照
30.description of 对……的描述
二、自然启示
1.convince v. 说服
2.right n. 权利
3.prosper v. 繁荣，昌盛
4.resign v. 使自己顺从于（做）某事
5.considerable adj. 相当大的
6.reflective adj. 沉思的
7.meaning n. 意义
8.struggle to do sth 努力做某事
9.survival n. 生存，幸存
10.enable v. 使能够
11.go through 经历
12.difficult adj. 困难的
13.wish v. 希望
14.spread v. 展开
15.understanding n. 理解
16.return to nature 回归大自然
17.study and imitate nature 研究和模仿大自然
18.take inspiration from nature 从大自然中获得灵感
19.capture the beauty of natural forms 捕捉自然形态的美
4 / 5UNIT 5　Learning from nature
单元话题
　导入
　　本单元涉及的主题语境内容是人类向自然界学习。本单元从介绍人类应该向自然界的动植物学习开始，依次呈现了人类从自然界获取灵感进行建筑设计、苏州留园、二十四节气、仿生学、五禽戏、中国诗人陶渊明和美国诗人Henry David Thoreau对自然的热爱等相关内容，引导学生深入思考人与自然的关系，树立向大自然学习和与环境和谐相处的观念。
看图感悟语境，选词填空。
create， imitate， harmoniously， repay， a set of， take from
1.Our society is a part of nature， so people should live 　　　　　with nature.
2.All the materials we need to live with come from nature， so we should also 　　　　　　the nature， rather than blindly 　　　　　　　　nature.
3.The Five-animal Exercises 　　　　　　　by Hua Tuo were 　　　　　　　　medical qigong （breathing exercises） mainly characterized by 　　　　　　animal actions and expressions in order to prevent and cure illness and prolong life.
1 / 1学习讲义部分
UNIT 1　Face values
单元话题导入
1.appearance； inner　2.loyalty； challenges； selfless
Section Ⅰ　Starting out & Understanding ideas
【文本透析·剖语篇】
第一步
1.plain-looking　2.addicted　3.confidence　4.misjudge
5.care about　6.worthless　7.overlooked　8.bothered
9.beauty　10.being healthy
第二步
1－4　DCBC
第三步
1.Both of them are important， but inner beauty is more important.As we all know， external beauty will fade with time passing by， but inner beauty lasts long.
2.Being healthy， energetic， happy， and positive.
第四步
1.（1）I’m a girl who’d love to look good.Well，who wouldn’t？
（2）It felt bizarre at first.I didn’t like being reviewed from head to toe.
（3）I realised that my health， mental and physical，is the most important thing.
2.（1）People who pretend to be someone they are not tend to misjudge themselves.
（2）Although she’s larger than most other models， she’s really attractive and has the confidence to be herself — even in an industry full of beauty stereotypes.
第五步
1.that　主语　表语
爸爸觉得我太自恋，但我的解释是，我的照片没伤害其他人，有谁在乎呢？
2.定语　定语　that
那些把自己包装成别人的人，只会对自己产生错误的判断。
3.表语　非限制性定语
那就是我永远无法理解我姐姐的原因，她有17支口红，每天早上都不知道该用哪支好。
4.主语　宾语　定语　宾语
我真正钦佩她的一点是，她认可健康的身体不仅使我们更美丽，而且更快乐！
【核心知识·巧突破】
核心词汇集释
1.①to be　②to learn　③Many farmers desire that the present policy （should） not be changed.　It is many farmers’ desire that the present policy （should） not be changed.
2.①to be　②to be doing　③to have grasped　④not to have known
3.①往往会　②照顾，照料　③tends to get things done creatively； has a tendency to get things done creatively
4.①in　②identically　③are identical to/with
5.①with　②impressive　③were impressed at/with/by； made/left/had a deep impression on
6.①to recover　②to protect　③spares no effort to raise
7.①花费时间精力（做某事）　②打扰，烦扰　③asking
④to correct　⑤put you to any bother； bother you
8.①being defeated/having been defeated　②was widely acknowledged as/to be； It is widely acknowledged that
重点句型解构
1.That was why he was late for work； That was because he overslept this morning； The reason why Tom was late for work
2.①It is five years since　②Ever since then I haven’t found any time to go skating　③自从我离开这家公司已经三年多了。
Section Ⅱ　Using language
【重难语法·要攻克】
我的发现
1.连接代词　宾语　2.it
即时演练1
①that　②whether/if　③that　④Whether　⑤whether/if
即时演练2
①what　②Which　③Why　④how you’re dressed
⑤Where the English evening party will be held
⑥Whoever wants to go climbing
即时演练3
①has　②is　③are
【知识要点·须拾遗】
　①on　②assumed　③that
④Assuming （that） I am chosen to be chairman
Section Ⅲ　Developing ideas
【文本透析·剖语篇】
第一步
1.captured　2.mercy　3.death　4.sadness　5.rescued
第二步
1－4　CBAA
第三步
　Only Esmeralda would take pity on him and bring water to Quasimodo’s lips who cried out for thirst.Esmeralda made him feel the warmth of the human heart for the first time.From then on， he put all his life and passion for Esmeralda.He would go through fire and water for her and sacrifice everything for her happiness.
第四步
1.时间状语
每一刻，随着埃斯梅拉达的目光从卡西莫多的弯腿移到驼背，再从他的驼背移到独眼上，她都在他身上发现一些新的毛病。
2.倒装
我从来没像现在这般明白自己的丑陋。
3.宾语　原因状语
我不知道我是什么，因为我比卵石还要粗硬、受压迫、不显眼！
【核心知识·巧突破】
核心词汇集释
1.①merciful　②to　③at the mercy of the weather
2.①to　②announce sentence on
3.①to compete　②in　③attempted to impress； made an attempt to impress/at impressing
重点句型解构
1.①followed by her little daughter　②Encouraged by his uncle
2.①can we make a difference　②can practicing Chinese kungfu build up one’s strength but also　③do some people attach to satisfying their own needs
Section Ⅳ　Writing about a literary work
【演练佳作·写美文】
写作步骤
二、1.The novel The Million Pound Bank Note was written by Mark Twain.
2.He is a great American writer.
3.Through his humorous and sarcastic language， Mark Twain successfully depicted an unbelievable adventure of Henry Adams， a penniless American in London.
4.Two rich brothers in London have a bet on Henry and want to see what will become of him a month later if they give him a million pound bank note which can’t be cashed for even a penny.
5.A month later， Henry is neither starved nor arrested.
6.Henry becomes a millionaire dramatically.
7.He even wins the love of a pretty lady.
8.One obvious theme of the novel is the criticism of the money worship.
9.In the story， it also reveals the ridiculous British society at that time.
三、1.The novel The Million Pound Bank Note was written by Mark Twain， a great American writer.
2.A month later， Henry is neither starved nor arrested， but becomes a millionaire dramatically.
四、
　　The novel The Million Pound Bank Note was written by Mark Twain， a great American writer.Through his humorous and sarcastic language， Mark Twain successfully depicted an unbelievable adventure of Henry Adams， a penniless American in London.
Two rich brothers in London have a bet on Henry and want to see what will become of him a month later if they give him a million pound bank note which can’t be cashed for even a penny.A month later， Henry is neither starved nor arrested， but becomes a millionaire dramatically.What’s more， he even wins the love of a pretty lady.
One obvious theme of the novel is the criticism of the money worship.In the story， it also reveals the ridiculous British society at that time.
【教材词汇·练续写】
　　The little girl was playing intently when a dog ran over.She cried out with fright at the sight of the dog.The dog was as frightful to the timid girl as a monster.Sensing the profound fright from her expressions，he tried to comfort the little girl.He hugged the girl，drove away the dog and wiped her tears with tenderness.In fact，he was just pretending not to fear.When the mother of the girl knew about what he had done，she exclaimed，“Thank you so much！” She offered to repay him，but he refused.
单元素养提升
回顾单元知识
一、1.self-critical　2.boost　3.pretend　4.dormitory
5.overlook　6.bother　7.pill　8.welfare　9.accent
10.immense　11.resemble　12.repay
Ⅰ.1.overlooked　2.pretended　3.welfare　4.pills　5.bothers
二、1.acknowledge　2.identical　3.saving　4.psychology　5.finding　6.novelist　7.comprehension　8.motive
Ⅱ.1.comprehension　2.novelists　3.psychologist
4.acknowledgement　5.finding
三、1.tend to　2.a desire for　3.lose weight　4.be surprised at　5.come across　6.a lack of　7.keep fit　8.leave an impression on　9.with confidence　10.transform ...into
11.regard ...as　12.in reality　13.in silence　14.adjust to　15.attempt to do
Ⅲ.1.transformed into　2.a lack of　3.adjust to　4.tend to
5.in silence　6.a desire for
四、1.That’s why
2.It’s true that inner beauty is very important
3.Ever since I was little
4.Published in 1831
5.Never have I viewed
Ⅳ.1.that’s why I’m writing to voice my opinion
2.It is clear that
3.Ever since we met
4.Founded in 1636
5.Not once have they quarrelled
UNIT 2　A life’s work
单元话题导入
1.at the cost of　2.pursuit　3.overcame； be used for
4.representative； devoted
Section Ⅰ　Starting out & Understanding ideas
【文本透析·剖语篇】
第一步
1.photographers　2.fashion　3.uncomplicated　4.benefits
5.photo
第二步
1－4　CACD
第三步
1.In my opinion， he would like to live a simple life and didn’t value money and devoted all his life to his beloved career — photography.
2.As far as I’m concerned， I would like to write about his devotion to photography， because we can learn from his dedication and build ourselves into useful individuals for our country and our society.
第四步
　（1）A white-haired old man riding an ordinary bicycle around the streets of New York，always wearing the same blue worker’s jacket and simple black running shoes.
（2）Cunningham would go out onto the streets of New York each and every day， regardless of the weather.
第五步
1.让步状语　定语
虽然他总是知道时尚聚会和大型活动举办的地点，但无论是对于在贫穷的布朗克斯拍摄普通人，还是在富裕的曼哈顿拍摄贵宾，他都同样喜欢。
2.主语　定语
此外，坎宁安的伟大之处还在于他对摄影的奉献精神，以及他在工作中投入的大量时间和精力。
3.表语
他经常到一家简单的餐馆吃同样的食物，有香肠、鸡蛋和咖啡。
4.让步状语　定语
他珍视自己的正直，不为任何人所动摇，无论提供给他多少免费衣物或远程航班。
【核心知识·巧突破】
核心词汇集释
1.①from； to　②beyond　③and　④a wide range of
2.①fascinating　②fascinated　③to collect
3.①of　②fashionable　③in fashion； fashionable
4.①to　②devotion　③writing　④devoted　⑤devotion to； is devoted to； devotes herself to
5.①up　②aside　③off　④into
6.①n.方法　②v.靠近　③v.处理，对付　④solving　⑤With the approach of the exam； With the exam approaching
7.①for　②about　③talked about science passionately； talked about science with passion
重点句型解构
　①It is at this moment that　②It was the humorous Mr Wang who/that　③Was it because Jack came late for school that　④How was it that
Section Ⅱ　Using language
【重难语法·要攻克】
我的发现
1.代词　2.副词
即时演练
①because　②how　③whether　④when　⑤what
⑥that　⑦why they put erasers on pencils　⑧It sounds as if　⑨seems as if/though　⑩whether we can finish our work
【知识要点·须拾遗】
1.①trials　②by　③on trial
2.①有助于　②投稿　③contributions　④Learning about the history of the Tang Dynasty in advance contributes to your understanding of this essay.
Section Ⅲ　Developing ideas
【文本透析·剖语篇】
第一步
1.masters　2.maximum　3.endless　4.skills　5.modest
第二步
1－4　BDBA
第三步
1.The work of repairing clocks is full of difficulties.Sometimes even the difficulties can not be solved， but we must dare to face them and move forward bravely.
2.We need to carry on the fine traditions of our teachers.Training a new generation of craftsmen will not only help preserve the traditional skills， but their innovations will also ensure that their work will stand the test of time.
第四步
1.过去完成时　宾语　定语
要不是那三集纪录片，外面的人永远也不会知道，在这里工作的那些衣着朴素的人竟然都是精于各门技艺的大师，他们毕生都在修复珍贵的古董。
2.完全倒装
这其中便包括钟表修复大师王津。
3.状语　让步状语
王津穿过七重深红色的大门，走向自己的工作地点。尽管现在他经常被想和他合影的粉丝拦住，他仍然认为自己是故宫博物院的一名普通工人。
4.形式主语　that引导的主语从句　时间状语　表
人们突然明白，当钟表大师们说“这些古董有生命”时，这既不是夸张，也不是比喻。
【核心知识·巧突破】
核心词汇集释
1.①original　②in　③originated from ancient times
2.①over　②in　③took place
3.①with　②are often associated with homesickness； are often in association with homesickness
4.①off　②alone　③leave out/aside the others’ feelings
5.①to　②of　③has cast light on
重点句型解构
1.①were a dustman； would make our city cleaner　②had referred to those failed experiences； would not have made　③rained； should rain； were to rain
2.①stands a magnificent building　②lies a park
Section Ⅳ　Writing an expository essay
【演练佳作·写美文】
写作步骤
二、1.The vivid clay figures， which were made by “Clay Figure Zhang”， were very popular with people.
2.Mr Zhang， born into a poor family， made clay figures as a means of earning a living.
3.Mr Zhang was often in the markets and theatres， observing people from all walks of life.
4.He was so intelligent and often thought outside the box， which made his clay figures more vivid.
5.He spent most of his time in the workshop.
6.Through his hard work of several decades， Mr Zhang created more than ten thousand works.
7.Clay Figure Zhang’s spirit of craftsmanship will stay everlasting.
三、Mr Zhang was often in the markets and theatres， observing people from all walks of life.In addition， he was so intelligent and often thought outside the box， which made his clay figures more vivid.
四、
　　The vivid clay figures， which were made by “Clay Figure Zhang”， were very popular with people.
Mr Zhang， born into a poor family， made clay figures as a means of earning a living.Mr Zhang was often in the markets and theatres， observing people from all walks of life.In addition， he was so intelligent and often thought outside the box， which made his clay figures more vivid.He spent most of his time in the workshop.Through his hard work of several decades， Mr Zhang created more than ten thousand works.
Clay Figure Zhang’s spirit of craftsmanship will stay everlasting.
【教材词汇·练续写】
　　Looking at the breakfast，the mother was dominated with profound happiness.She imagined what painstaking efforts her two children had made，knowing it’s an ambitious task for them.Nothing was more precious than their affection and love for her.The twins were eagerly staring at her， hoping to hear her acclaim.She sat at the table，took a bite of the bread and shook her head，pretending she didn’t like the food.After seeing the expressions of her children，she suddenly acclaimed，“Excellent！I’m the happiest mother in the world.” Choosing a beautiful pose， they took a photograph and posted it on the blog.
单元素养提升
回顾单元知识
一、1.pose　2.grocery　3.celebrity　4.trial　5.hydrogen　6.precious　7.antique　8.polish　9.bark　10.essay　11.comprise
Ⅰ.1.comprised　2.essay　3.precious　4.posed　5.trial　6.antique
二、1.fashion　2.fascination　3.uncomplicated
4.restoration　5.maximum　6.preserve　7.modest
8.dominate　9.architecture　10.ambitious　11.associate
12.analysis
Ⅱ.1.association　2.preservation　3.ambitious　4.analysis
5.fascinating　6.fashionable　7.dominant
三、1.belong to　2.devotion to　3.take off　4.rather than　5.lack of　6.focus on　7.pass away　8.day in， day out　9.originate from　10.range from ...to　11.bring ...back to life　12.neither ...nor　13.pass on ...to　14.take on
15.take up
Ⅲ.1.devotion to　2.took off　3.bringing； back to life
4.pass on； to　5.originate from　6.take on
四、1.If it hadn’t been for a three-episode documentary， outsiders would never have known
2.Among these is the clock restoration master
3.it is neither an exaggeration nor a metaphor
Ⅳ.1.had been recorded； would undoubtedly have made
2.was his friend Jim
3.Neither the students nor the teacher knows
UNIT 3　War and peace
单元话题导入
1.Despite； are involved in　2.invade； regardless of
3.sacrificed； condemn
Section Ⅰ　Starting out & Understanding ideas
【文本透析·剖语篇】
第一步
1.background　2.order　3.stage　4.outcome　5.brave
第二步
1－5　CBADB
第三步
1.It mainly describes the violence of the D-Day landings and the brave acts the Allied troops performed in the fighting.
2.I admire the Allied soldiers’ outstanding acts of courage and as students， we should love peace and keep peace.
第四步
　（1）The enemy were hiding， ready to attack the Allied soldiers even before they reached land.
（2）As part of this solemn and moving occasion， a former soldier read out to the crowd these lines from the poem For the Fallen， by Laurence Binyon： ...
第五步
1.定语
这标志着一场计划了数月，甚至可能是数年的绝密行动终于进入了最后阶段。
2.宾语　主语　伴随状语
盟军士兵耳中回荡着这些话语，做好了登陆诺曼底的准备。
3.并列　省略　定语　those
船被击翻，一些人落水而亡，而那些成功登陆的人面对的则是机关枪的猛烈扫射。
4.定语　Germany
之后盟军准备进攻德国，而苏联军队也正从德国东部攻入，两军相遇。
5.定语　定语
70年后，曾在诺曼底登陆中奋战的将士聚集在英吉利海峡两岸，人们共同参加纪念仪式。
【核心知识·巧突破】
核心词汇集释
1.①under the king’s direct command　②have a good command of　③The leader commanded that all the members （should） be committed to the rescue work.
2.①like　②nothing but　③She was nothing more than an ordinary people.
3.①to talk　②in　③have made preparations for； have prepared for； have been prepared for
4.①solving　②to　③objected to pretending； had a strong objection to pretending
5.①memorize　②for　③which was really a memorable experience for me
重点句型解构
　①each equipped with the newest computers
②tears of happiness and gratitude welling up in his eyes
③There being no buses
Section Ⅱ　Using language
【重难语法·要攻克】
我的发现
1.单　复　2.复
即时演练1
①owns　②are　③is　④were seeking　⑤is
即时演练2
①are listening not speaking　②are against it　③is a long time in one’s life　④was left on the bus
【知识要点·须拾遗】
1.①removal　②to　③has completely removed my doubts
2.①basic　②is based on； is on the basis of
Section Ⅲ　Developing ideas
【文本透析·剖语篇】
第一步
1.What is real war　2.Lianda　3.conditions　4.contributions　5.glory
第二步
1－4　ACCB
第三步
1.It mainly tells us a product of the war， Lianda， which made great contributions to the resistance against Japanese aggression.
2.We should learn the strong spirit of perseverance and dedication from Lianda， protect our motherland and love peace.
第四步
1.让步状语　强调句
然而，尽管面临着巨大的困难和艰巨的挑战，在这个地方，经过八年漫长的岁月，国家的知识遗产不仅得到了保护，还得到了强化，这些都归功于联大杰出学者们的热情和信念。
2.主语　形式主语
难怪即使不是大多数，但也有许多中国领先的学者和科学家都是联大出身，包括两位诺贝尔奖得主，物理学家杨振宁和李政道。
【核心知识·巧突破】
核心词汇集释
1.①参考　②提及　③指的是　④reference　⑤refer to me as
2.①off　②out　③lay aside our prejudices
3.①hold on　②hold out　③Having been held up by the traffic； couldn’t hold back his anger
4.①for　②with　③fight back tears
5.For lack of cooking experience； they lacked cooking experience
6.①broke down　②break in　③break out　④break away from farming
重点句型解构
1.①not only learn the importance of teamwork but also
②likes the film　③Not only do oceans provide abundant resources and food for us
2.①it is no wonder that　②It has been calculated that
③it is important that you make the most of our school resources
Section Ⅳ　Writing about a war hero
【演练佳作·写美文】
写作步骤
二、1.Zhao Yiman was born in Yibin County， Sichuan Province in 1905.
2.She became a member of the Communist Party of China in 1926.
3.After the September 18th Incident， she went to north-east China to join the anti-Japanese troops，fighting guerrilla wars against the Japanese invaders.
4.In 1935， a large number of Japanese troops surrounded her men.
5.Zhao Yiman offered to cover the main troop to break through the encirclement，but was captured unfortunately.
6.Japanese used the cruellest punishment to force Zhao Yiman to reveal useful intelligence， but in vain.
7.So the Japanese killed her.
8.Zhao’s death was a huge blow to the anti-Japanese troops，but boosted morale of the soldiers to fight fiercely against the Japanese invaders.
三、Zhao Yiman， who was born in Yibin County，Sichuan Province in 1905， became a member of the Communist Party of China in 1926.
四、
　　Zhao Yiman， who was born in Yibin County，Sichuan Province in 1905， became a member of the Communist Party of China in 1926.
After the September 18th Incident， she went to north-east China to join the anti-Japanese troops， fighting guerrilla wars against the Japanese invaders. In 1935， a large number of Japanese troops surrounded her men.Zhao Yiman offered to cover the main troop to break through the encirclement， but was captured unfortunately. Japanese used the cruellest punishment to force Zhao Yiman to reveal useful intelligence， but in vain.So the Japanese killed her in public.
Zhao’s death was a huge blow to the anti-Japanese troops，but boosted morale of the soldiers to fight fiercely against the Japanese invaders.
【教材词汇·练续写】
　　On a misty August morning， we headed out for our one-week adventure.We had prepared for it for 3 days， so we had confidence in this adventure.During the first two days， we enjoyed the cool breeze and the fantastic coastline.Then， the rough roads made the adventure harder.Sleeping in the wild was such a horror that we couldn’t help recalling the beds at home.While crossing a lake， one of us was almost drowned.We got to doubt whether we could make it to the destination.At last， we got lost in the forest and returned home with the help of rescuers.Today， while telling the story， nobody can depict the adventure as a glory.
单元素养提升
回顾单元知识
一、1.objective　2.coastline　3.tank　4.recall　5.barely　6.memorial　7.outstanding　8.uniform　9.bomb
10.friction　11.weapon　12.academic　13.emerge
14.representative　15.sum　16.grain
Ⅰ.1.emerged　2.outstanding　3.barely　4.academic
5.representatives　6.recalled　7.objective　8.memorial　9.sum
二、1.violent　2.horror　3.liberate　4.stability
5.aggression　6.intellectual　7.invader　8.glory
9.dedication　10.relevant
Ⅱ.1.glorious　2.violence　3.liberation　4.intellectually　5.dedication　6.stability　7.relevance　8.invasion
三、1.be made up of　2.free ...from　3.have confidence in
4.nothing less than　5.prepare for　6.make it　7.meet up with　8.come up with　9.due to　10.refer to ...as ...　11.a sense of　12.hold down　13.a large sum of
14.a lack of　15.break through　16.track down
17.fight against　18.in memory of
Ⅲ.1.have confidence in　2.was made up of　3.meet up with
4.prepare for　5.Due to　6.held down　7.nothing less than　8.a large sum of
四、1.the aim being to free north-west Europe from German occupation
2.was not only guarded but fortified
3.It is no wonder that
Ⅳ.1.his head resting on his arm
2.will not only help students get access to more knowledge but also cultivate
3.It is no wonder that he has obtained
UNIT 4　A glimpse of the future
单元话题导入
1.are likely to； achievements　2.imagination
3.advanced； technological　4.With the development of
Section Ⅰ　Starting out & Understanding ideas
【文本透析·剖语篇】
第一步
1.thoughts　2.a lot easier　3.challenges　4.problems
5.dangerous　6.embrace
第二步
1－4　BACC
第三步
1.Household appliances such as electric lights， televisions， air conditioners and so on and furniture pieces are controlled by a smartphone with a touch screen.
2.Maybe one day we will control the development of AI.But now， we need to develop AI to solve some real problems.Anyway， there are many problems that mankind cannot solve at present.
第四步
1.It used to feel like 50 per cent of my time was spent researching new restaurants.In contrast，my PA only needs a few seconds to find the right place.
2.（1）Every recommendation she gives me is great since she can predict if I will like a particular restaurant.
（2）If we’re lucky，AI might think we’re valuable enough to keep around.If not， it might wipe us all out！
第五步
1.定语　that或which　宾语
因为她可以预测我是否会喜欢某一个餐厅，所以她给我的每一个建议都很棒。
2.并列　表语　时间状语
唯一的问题是，当第一批汽车上市时，可能会有一些机器学习问题，所以也许我最好先学会驾驶。
【核心知识·巧突破】
核心词汇集释
1.①to read　②I happened to be having a meeting； It happened that I was having a meeting
2.①With　②assistant 　③assist us to learn/in learning more about British and Western culture
3.①with/and　②by　③make a contrast with； contrast with
4.①out　②around　③on　④hang on to those old photos
5.①to　②fall victim to pollution； become a victim of pollution
6.①to become　②potentially　③to achieve/fulfill/realise our full potential
7.①as　②beyond　③for　④are capable of finishing
8.①forward　②into　③took a leap
9.①to read　②for　③illegally　④It’s illegal to drive through a red light.
重点句型解构
1.①either deliver a new book to me or give my money back　②either by calling the club office at 8759632 or applying　③Neither she nor her friends
④either in China or in other countries
2.①If not　②If so　③if necessary　④if living
Section Ⅱ　Using language
【重难语法·要攻克】
我的发现
1.of后的名词的数　2.单　3.单　4.单
即时演练1
①are　②is　③was　④is　⑤have been sent
⑥hasn’t been decided　⑦is
即时演练2
①was　②was sent　③is　④are　⑤am　⑥is　⑦goes
【知识要点·须拾遗】
1.①at　②assessment　③assess whether the system works well
2.①for　②are bound to be thrilled
3.①in　②to be told　③（should） be cleaned
Section Ⅲ　Developing ideas
【文本透析·剖语篇】
第一步
1.a live dog　2.was different from　3.views　4.desperate　5.counted
第二步
1－5　ABDDC
第三步
1.He would keep Robutt.We can conclude from the last two paragraphs.
2.I will choose Robutt.After all， we have been close for a long time and we know each other better.
第四步
1.并列　原因状语　比较状语
穿着太空服的吉米虽看起来臃肿矮胖了一些，但他能承受月球引力，而在地球出生的人是不能承受这种引力的。
2.非限制性定语　结果状语
环形山外侧向南倾斜，南面天空下方的地球全部显现出来，因此整个环形山山坡明亮了起来。
3.条件状语　伴随　宾语　时间状语　宾语
只要有罗布特相伴，吉米就没有危险。当吉米过于靠近一块岩石，它会扑倒他；罗布特还会扑向他，以表达爱意；当吉米藏在岩石后，罗布特就原地打转，低吼，战战兢兢，不论什么时候，罗布特都对吉米的位置了如指掌。
【核心知识·巧突破】
核心词汇集释
1.①desperately　②desperation　③Desperate to be a volunteer
2.①in　②at/by　③were greatly shocked； in a state of shock； were greatly shocked to hear
3.①faulty　②with　③at　④It is not your fault that
4.①on　②comments　③comment on/upon； make a comment/comments on
5.①consistently　②in　③is entirely consistent with
重点句型解构
　①so that you can make full preparations for it
②so that I got a good seat　③in order to； so as to
Section Ⅳ　Continuing a sci-fi story
【演练佳作·写美文】
写作步骤
　　Six months later，I came back home for my father’s funeral.Death was very confusing for a child.I didn’t understand what death meant；all I knew was that my father had been lying in bed and receiving medical treatment for his illness when I left，but now when I came back，he was nowhere to be found.He must be hiding somewhere.I was sure people couldn’t just disappear，especially without saying goodbye.Though my mother told me he had “passed on”，I thought she meant he’d traveled to another town.
Suddenly，an idea crossed my mind that my father might travel to Heaven.I knew exactly how to find my father.I ran to the front porch.However，I had grown during those six months in Virginia，and I could no longer squeeze under the porch.I sat in front of the porch all afternoon，calling for someone to answer me.No voice came.No father returned.No frog jumped out of his hiding spot.I was too big to talk to a sprite，so I started to cry.
【教材词汇·练续写】
　　I assisted Dad to mow yards to earn pocket money.He told the neighbours I was capable of doing the work and offered a price they could not refuse.Every time I headed out to mow，Dad demanded I （should） finish the job well.One afternoon，Dad called me and yelled，“Hey，son.You missed a piece.” I frowned，hoping he would forgive me and know I was desperate to go home.However，he was not the one for me to bank on.On the way home after finishing the work，Dad said gently， “Do as perfectly as you can and you are bound to do everything well in your life.” Then he hugged me tightly.
单元素养提升
回顾单元知识
一、1.victim　2.capacity　3.leap　4.regulate　5.client
6.cite　7.cell　8.bound　9.cycle　10.demand　11.slope
12.hop　13.frown　14.clue　15.consistent
Ⅰ.1.clues　2.victims　3.consistent　4.capacity　5.bound
6.frown　7.demand
二、1.artificial 　2.assistant　3.potentially　4.analyse
5.illegal　6.immoral　7.assess　8.mechanical
9.imitation　10.tightly　11.desperate　12.faulty
Ⅱ.1.imitation　2.analysis　3.illegally　4.assistants
5.assessment　6.desperately　7.mechanically　8.faulty
三、1.happen to sb　2.so far　3.used to　4.in contrast
5.hang out　6.be susceptible to　7.be capable of
8.wipe out　9.lie in　10.agree on　11.go through
12.the difference between ...and ...　13.as though
14.change one’s mind　15.be bound to
Ⅲ.1.lie in　2.is bound to　3.is capable of　4.gone through
5.hung out　6.change my mind
四、1.either the best， or the worst thing
2.If not
3.so that the entire crater-slope was brightly lit
Ⅳ.1.Either you or one of your classmates
2.If asked to look after
3.so that he got the first place
UNIT 5　Learning from nature
单元话题导入
1.harmoniously　2.repay； take from
3.created； a set of； imitating
Section Ⅰ　Starting out & Understanding ideas
【文本透析·剖语篇】
第一步
1.inspiration　2.many of the most fascinating designs
3.the beauty of natural forms　4.mimic　5.natural organisms
6.harmony
第二步
1－4　CBAC
第三步
1.Biomimicry is not a new idea.Since ancient times， simple people and scientists have been watching and studying nature’s best ideas and then imitated these designs and processes to find answers and solved many situations in human history.
2.Biomimicry is a new way to perceive and value nature.It brings us the idea that the best way to benefit from the natural world is not to massively extract substances and valuables from it.The conscious emulation of life’s and nature’s genius is a survival strategy for the human race.It’s a possible path to a sustainable and better future.
第四步
1.（1）When we look at a pine cone，we might think how much it looks like the tiles on a roof.
（2）An open flower might make us think how closely it resembles an umbrella.
（3）Shaped to resemble a lotus flower，it appears to float above the waterfront promenade and the water that surrounds it.
2.In a similar way，the Eastgate Centre has a “skin” covered in holes.
第五步
1.并列　形式主语　真正的主语　强调
以这种方式思考是很自然的，但当然不是雨伞给了花朵灵感，也不是屋顶给了松果灵感。
2.时间状语　定语
津巴布韦建筑师米克·皮尔斯在一部大自然纪录片中看到白蚁筑造蚁穴，从中得到启发，从而设计了东门大厦。
【核心知识·巧突破】
核心词汇集释
1.①at/by　②amazing　③in　④To my amazement； What amazed me was that； was amazed that
2.①an　②of　③to　④follow his example
3.①absorbed　②absorbing　③So absorbed was she in her job； Absorbed in her job， she didn’t hear anybody knocking at the door.
4.①response　②responded to； made a response to
5.①with　②harmonious　③in harmony with
重点句型解构
　①If elected　②while （we were） picking oranges
③Although living in different eras
Section Ⅱ　Using language
【重难语法·要攻克】
我的发现
1.主语　it　宾语　表语　2.表语　主语　3.表语
即时演练1
①Being exposed　②to distinguish　③to accustom
④Facing　⑤having
即时演练2
①studying　②being given　③to be reading　④working　⑤to take
即时演练3
①to raise　②convincing　③seated　④promoted
【知识要点·须拾遗】
1.①variety　②various　③in　④vary from person to person
2.①as　②to assist　③Employing himself in drawing up plans
Section Ⅲ　Developing ideas
【文本透析·剖语篇】
第一步
1.conflicted　2.reaction　3.peaceful　4.transformations　5.withdraw　6.beauty　7.convince
第二步
1－5　BACBA
第三步
1.The first sentence describes a beautiful scene of the dusk.The village is so far away that it looks fuzzy and the smoke rises gently and slowly.The scenery described in the sentence gives people a sense of peace and serenity， as if the world is not disturbed by any force.
The second sentence makes this beautiful rural painting come to life all of a sudden.Instead of writing about the songs of birds and insects， the poet wrote a very common song and bark of chickens and dogs， because the sound of chickens and dogs is the most characteristic of rural environment and the most harmonious and unified with the whole picture.It properly shows the life atmosphere of the countryside， and does not damage the peaceful mood at all.
2.Though we live in modern times， it isn’t possible for us to go back to nature to live a life as they do， what we should know is that it is urgent for humans to live with nature in harmony now， because we humans have already paid price for treating nature badly， such as global warming， floods， hurricanes， etc， which can be considered a sign that nature warns us.
第四步
1.状语　定语
表面上看，这两个人生活在不同的时代，相隔近一千五百年，迥然不同。
2.状语　同位语
公元405年，陶渊明永久地辞去了官职，以表达他对仕途的不满，用今天的一句名言形容就是“不为五斗米折腰”。
3.宾语　让步状语
我们可以从他的诗歌中看出，尽管生活艰苦，但他从这种简单的生活中成功获得了满足感，并从大自然中获得了乐趣。
4.宾语　定语　方式状语
梭罗的写作意在使人们信服，动物和植物就像我们人类一样都有生存和繁荣的权利。
【核心知识·巧突破】
核心词汇集释
1.①in　②in　③in return for
2.①with　②against　③he will react to the bad news； his reaction to the bad news will be
3.①退出　②撤离　③withdrawal　④withdrawn　⑤withdrew from the meeting
4.①to　②from　③resign myself to giving up halfway
5.①at　②with　③at　④put me at ease
6.①as　②on/by　③evaluate the consequences； make an evaluation of the consequences
重点句型解构
1.①while Lucy sat in the corner silently alone　②While my mom and I were shopping
2.①As is often the case　②As we all know　③As is mentioned above　④as will make them better and cleverer
Section Ⅳ　Writing about a lesson from nature
【演练佳作·写美文】
写作步骤
二、1.The set phrase “ya miao zhu zhang” means “Trying to help seedlings grow by pulling them up”.
2.There is a story behind it.
3.A man in the Song State was anxious about the slow growth of his seedlings.
4.He pulled them upward one by one.
5.He came back saying to his family，“I’m exhausted today，for I’ve helped the seedlings grow much taller.”
6.Hearing this，his son ran to the field and found all the seedlings had died.
7.This set phrase teaches us a lesson.
8.Going against the law of development in things and being overanxious for quick results will only make things worse.
三、1.The set phrase “ya miao zhu zhang” means “Trying to help seedlings grow by pulling them up”，behind which there is a story.
2.This set phrase teaches us the lesson that going against the law of development in things and being overanxious for quick results will only make things worse.
四、
　　The set phrase “ya miao zhu zhang” means “Trying to help seedlings grow by pulling them up”，behind which there is a story.
A man in the Song State was anxious about the slow growth of his seedlings.So， he pulled them upward one by one.He came back saying to his family， “I’m exhausted today，for I’ve helped the seedlings grow much taller.”Hearing this， his son ran to the field and found all the seedlings had died.
This set phrase teaches us the lesson that going against the law of development in things and being overanxious for quick results will only make things worse.
【教材词汇·练续写】
　　To ease the working pressure，I drove to the rural area with my friend Harry last week.While walking on the lanes，I was attracted by the lotuses in the pond，the mulberry trees swinging in the wind and the flying dragonflies.“How amazing the scenery is！”Harry whispered to himself，unconsciously a smile spreading over his face.All of a sudden，we caught sight of a cottage in the distance.The nearer the cottage was， the more delighted we were，because we saw a beautiful botanical garden there.Enjoying the beautiful scene of the field，we felt a sense of fulfilment.
单元素养提升
回顾单元知识
一、1.superb　2.frontier 　3.pond 　4.sow　5.employ
6.bat　7.physician　8.bow　9.rural　10.decent
11.cottage　12.withdraw　13.domestic　14.ease
15.attain　16.fulfilment
Ⅰ.1.rural　2.attained　3.employ　4.decent　5.bowed　6.sown
二、1.architect　2.convert　3.wisdom　4.depressive
5.purity　6.resign　7.botanical　8.reject　9.evaluate
Ⅱ.1.architectural　2.rejection　3.evaluation　4.depression
5.wisdom　6.purity
三、1.take ...for granted　2.an example of　3.covert ...into　4.respond to　5.in harmony with　6.seek solutions to　7.take inspiration from　8.in return for　9.draw ...from ...　10.be opposed to　11.reaction to
12.withdraw from　13.resign oneself to　14.at ease with
15.be ready to
Ⅲ.1.are opposed to　2.in harmony with　3.reaction to
4.at ease with　5.respond to　6.be withdrawn from
7.is ready to
四、1.while watching a nature documentary
2.Creating buildings such as these
3.While Tao’s return to nature was a reaction to a lifestyle he was opposed to
4.as he describes in his journals
Ⅳ.1.While looking at the photograph
2.Being exposed to English frequently
3.while there’s little in the north-west
4.As everyone knows
UNIT 6　Nature in words
单元话题导入
1.get； ready for　2.recover； go back to　3.absolutely； by all means　4.sunshine； is full of
Section Ⅰ　Starting out & Understanding ideas
【文本透析·剖语篇】
第一步
1.excited　2.magical　3.pale　4.strange　5.lovely
6.cruel　7.bending
第二步
1－5　BABCA
第三步
1.We， humans， are also a part of nature， but we tend to distinguish ourselves from nature and do the things， which may harm nature.Therefore， respect nature and its resources， show some compassion towards it.It is the responsibility of a human being to protect nature.We， as humans， should refrain from doing any harm to nature if we need to provide a good natural environment to the future generations.Just as Charles Darwin puts it， “Everything， what is against nature， will not last for long.”
2.When I think about the beauty of nature， the first thing that comes to my mind may be greenery.But the beauty of nature is more than the greenery.Everything I feel and see around， including mountains， forests， rivers， birds， plants， animals， air， etc.— all are a part of the beauty of nature.
第四步
1.（1）When I got up this morning the world was a cold place of dead white and pale blues.
（2）The little plum tree outside， with the faintly flushed snow lining its branches and artfully disposed along its trunk， stood in full sunlight.
（3）But the snow is falling heavily， in great soft flakes， so that you can hardly see across the shallow valley， and the roofs are thick and the trees all bending， and the weathercock of the village church， still to be seen through the grey loaded air， has become some creature out of Hans Andersen.
2.（1）The dining-room window had been transformed into a lovely Japanese print.
（2）It was as if our kindly countryside， close to the very heart of England， had been turned into a cruel grassland.
3.Then the sun came out， and by the time I had sat down to breakfast it was shining bravely and flushing the snow with delicate pinks.
第五步
1.as ...as ...　非限制性定语　the children　方式状语
对于这场雪，我今早近乎像孩子们那样兴奋。我发现孩子们在透过窗子看着外面奇妙的世界，兴奋地说个不停，就像圣诞节突然又要来了一般。
2.that　结果状语　时间状语
这是今年冬天我们在这里的第一场雪，而在去年的雪季，我身在异国，在酷热的天气里汗流不止，所以离我上次欣赏到这银装素裹的世界，着实过了些时日了。
【核心知识·巧突破】
核心词汇集释
1.①for　②inspection　③be inspected
2.①insisted on lending　②（should） be sent to the hospital； was feeling quiet well
3.①into　②off　③talk him out of leaving
4.①about　②out　③came round to see me
5.①down/over　②persuading　③bent her mind to her work
重点句型解构
1.①found myself stuck　②found himself in a strange room　③found most of my classmates and teachers friendly
④find it much easier to recognise
2.①had begun　②will have learned/will learn　③had been completed　④By the time he is 18 next year
Section Ⅱ　Using language
【重难语法·要攻克】
我的发现
1.宾语补足语　2.状语　结果　目的　伴随　3.定语　主谓
即时演练1
①to harm　②to be completed　③regulating　④conducted
⑤falling　⑥titled
即时演练2
①To keep　②to find　③Having studied　④Located　⑤releasing
即时演练3
①wandering　②to make　③taken　④to process　⑤to do
【知识要点·须拾遗】
1.①an unforgettable experience　②a beautiful view we see from the top of the hill； beautiful a view we see from the top of the hill
2.①to　②addition　③add up these numbers； add up to more than 100
Section Ⅲ　Developing ideas
【文本透析·剖语篇】
第一步
1.1962　2.natural ecosystems　3.more responsible， limited and carefully monitored　4.case studies　5.beautiful and elegant　6.The pesticide industry　7.precise　8.defend her claims　9.banned　10.Presidential Medal of Freedom
11.environmental awareness
第二步
1－4　DCAC
第三步
1.Today， environmentalists and the green movement argue that many silent chemical and radioactive toxins， as well as carbon emissions， pollute the earth， the effects of which we will not feel until it is too late and the damage has been done.We need to pay attention now， they say， or pay the price.
2.The book is relevant because it carefully compiles scientific evidence to make its case.It shows that even though the impact of pesticides seems invisible， it is real， and it shows how all of the earth is interwoven ecologically.Damaging the soil or water damages animals （Carson focuses on birds） and humans.
In these days， the political debate about climate change is fierce.We debate， despite overwhelming evidence and consensus among scientists， whether climate change is really happening in the world.Her book will provide some ideas for these global problems.
第四步
1.宾语　believed　wished
她认为化学工业正在明目张胆地对动植物，甚至对人类本身造成伤害，她希望人们在使用杀虫剂时能够更加负责、节制，并且严加监管。
2.让步状语　定语
虽然卡森的研究很有说服力，而且得到多数审阅过这本书的科学家的支持，但是这本书很快成了杀虫剂行业批判的对象。
【核心知识·巧突破】
核心词汇集释
1.①from　②on　③there is a ban on smoking
2.①to　②to　③on the alert
3.①harmless　②does harm to our eyes
4.①urgent　②urgency　③to take　④（should） take measures to solve these problems
5.①by　②are specially designed for； are designed to enrich
6.①for　②targeted　③being a target for
7.①for　②a　③was ruined　④lived up to his reputation
8.①determination　②Determined　③determines to write a book； is determined to write a book
重点句型解构
1.①Curious to find out　②Tired and breathless　③Worried about making a bad impression on the customer
2.①Try as/though he might　②Hard as/though they tried　③Beautiful as/though the necklace was　④Child as/though he was
Section Ⅳ　Writing a poem about nature
【教材词汇·练续写】
　　Having held the championship for the past two years， I was chosen to participate in the competition.My teacher insisted that I practice for the contest.“I have a bit of sore throat，” I lied.I even told Ms Sara not to worry as I was not puzzled about anything.However，when I stepped on the stage，my palms sweated heavily and my voice trembled.Finally，I walked off the stage and flushed with shame.“I should have practiced to enhance my ability，” I said to Ms Sara.Bending her head， she gently told me that getting well prepared for everything was of great importance.
单元素养提升
回顾单元知识
一、1.weekly　2.shaving　3.prospect　4.bend　5.church　6.rhyme　7.enhance　8.wheat　9.gentle　10.sweep　11.ban　12.chorus　13.dozen　14.launch　15.reputation
16.diamond
Ⅰ.1.bent　2.enhance　3.reputation　4.banned　5.launch
6.swept　7.weekly
二、1.inspector　2.insist 　3.innocent　4.thorough　5.precise　6.elegance　7.passionate
Ⅱ.1.elegance　2.innocence　3.thoroughly　4.precisely　5.passionate
三、1.talk away　2.come round　3.break out　4.at the risk of　5.wake up　6.come out　7.transform ...into ...　8.longing for　9.participate in　10.alert ...to　11.cause harm to　12.urge sb to do sth　13.a target for　14.stand by　15.attempt to　16.dozens of　17.or so　18.be regarded as　19.rather than
Ⅲ.1.longing for　2.stand by　3.come round　4.at the risk of　5.causes harm to　6.has been transformed into　7.is regarded as　8.or so
四、1.find yourself in another quite different
2.puzzled and disturbed
3.strong though they are
Ⅳ.1.found many students buried their heads in books
2.Surprised and happy
3.Patient though he was
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