【培优方案】UNIT 5　Learning from nature（课时跟踪检测）（学生版）外研英语选择性必修第三册

UNIT 5　Learning from nature
Section Ⅰ　Starting out & Understanding ideas
维度一：品句填词
1.Children tend to 　　　　　　（模仿） their parents，so it pays to be a good role model.
2.In the show， they all showed their 　　　　　　（极好的） skills， leaving a deep impression on me.
3.Cloning is the 　　　　　　（前沿） technology in the field of life science and it is challenged by both ethics and technology.
4.The a　　　　　　 have made imaginative use of glass and transparent plastic.
5.With much heat captured from the sun， the panels c　　　　　　 it into energy powering the building.
维度二：词形转换
1.However， they did not anticipate seeing such an open country， and were truly 　　　　　　（amaze）.
2.I’m really glad that you take great interest in ancient Chinese 　　　　　　（architect）.
3.People 　　　　　　the energy of sunlight into electric energy.This 　　　　　　saves money and reduces cost.（convert）
4.In the past years， we have made great breakthroughs in this new 　　　　　　（front） of science.
维度三：固定搭配和句式
1.These children 　　　　　　　　　　　　　（认为这是理所当然） their parents should give them money.
2.The movie 　　　　　　　　　（以……为基础） a popular novel of the same name.
3.I asked her what the time was， but she didn’t 　　　　　　　　（对……作出反应） my question.
4.I have a dream that our human beings could live 　　　　　　　　（与……和谐相处） the beautiful nature.
5.With the development of technology， solar energy and wind energy can 　　　　　　　　　　　　　（转换为） electrical energy.
6.　　　　　　　　　　　 （遛狗时） the other day on the street， I met my best friend Shirley.
维度四：课文语法填空
We are used to things that we may even take them 1.　　　　　　 granted without realising how much inspiration they have given us.Nature 2.　　　　 （inspire） many of the most 3.　　　　 （fascinate） designs around us，4.　　　　　　 （include） those in architecture and is presented in various architectural 5.　　　　 （design）.Today， architects continue to explore ways 6.　　　　 （capture） the beauty of natural forms，to mimic the way nature works or even to make natural organisms part of a building.7.　　　　　　 （create） buildings such as these enables us to live in 8.　　　　　　 （close） harmony with our environment.To meet the needs of today while protecting the world of tomorrow may be 9.　　　　 challenge， but even the simplest organisms can help teach us 10.　　　　 to achieve this.
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
　　Sponges — is there anything they can’t do？ For thousands of years， humans have used dried natural sponges to clean up， to paint and as containers to consume liquids like water or honey.Whether artificial or natural， sponges are great at collecting tiny pieces with their many small holes.
　　Recently， researchers in China published a study describing their development of an artificial sponge that makes short work of removing microplastic pieces.The tests show that when a specially prepared plastic-filled solution （溶液） is pushed through one of their sponges， the sponge can remove microplastics and even smaller nanoplastics from the liquid.Researchers tried it in everything from tap water and seawater to soup from a local takeout spot.
　　According to Guoqing Wang， a materials chemist at Ocean University of China and co-author of the paper， the sponge is adjustable.By adjusting the temperature， the sponge can be made to have more or fewer holes， which affects the size of the microplastic pieces collected.The sponge， if ever produced on an industrial scale， Wang says， could be used in wastewater treatment factories to remove microplastics from the water or in food production facilities to avoid polluting water.
　　There are shortcomings to the sponge’s possible adoption， though.The sponge is made mostly from starch and gelatin （淀粉和明胶）， which are important to the food industry， meaning that there could be intense competition for the key ingredients in the future.Besides， starch and gelatin are able to break down naturally and harmlessly.However， the process developed by Wang and his co-workers to make their sponge uses formaldehyde， a highly poisonous chemical， and there were small amounts of this in the sponge itself.
　　When it comes to dealing with microplastic pollution in the ocean， Alice Horton at the United Kingdom’s National Oceanography Center says what she is confident about is that efforts to remove microplastics after they have already reached the ocean are probably certain to fail.“I don’t think there is anything we can do on a large enough scale that will have any impact，” she says.“We have to stop them getting there in the first place.”
1.What special characteristic of the new sponges is shown during the tests？（　　）
A.Their environmental friendliness.
B.Their operability and low production costs.
C.Their good performance in catching plastic pieces.
D.Their possibility of helping break down microplastics.
2.What will be a possible problem if the new sponges are produced in large numbers？（　　）
A.The high cost of recycling them.
B.The poor quality of the products.
C.A shortage of the raw material.
D.A lack of skillful operators.
3.What’s Alice’s opinion in regard to removing plastic from the ocean？（　　）
A.All roads lead to Rome. B.Time and tide wait for no man.
C.Many hands make light work. D.Prevention is better than cure.
4.What is the author’s main purpose in writing the text？（　　）
A.To advertise a new sponge.
B.To introduce a new invention.
C.To stress the damage of plastic.
D.To popularize the sponge’s usage.
B
　　Medicine is not only a human invention.Many other animals have been known to self-medicate with plants and minerals for infections and other conditions.
　　Behavioral ecologist Helen Morrogh-Bernard has spent decades studying orangutans （猩猩） and says she has now found evidence they use plants in a medicinal way.
　　Morrogh and her colleagues watched 10 orangutans occasionally chew a particular plant （which is not part of their normal diet） into a foamy lather （泡沫） and then rub it into their fur.The apes spent up to 45 minutes at a time massaging the mixture onto their upper arms or legs.The researchers believe this behavior is the first known example using a painkiller.
　　Local people use the same plant， Dracaena cantleyi， to treat aches and pains.Morrogh’s co-authors studied its chemistry.They added extracts （汁） from the plant to human cells that had been grown in a dish and had been artificially stimulated to produce cytokines （细胞因子） that causes inflammation （炎症） and discomfort.The plant extract reduced the production of several types of cytokines， the scientists reported the finding in a study published last November in Scientific Reports.
　　The results suggest that orangutans use the plant to reduce inflammation and treat pain.Such findings could help identify plants and chemicals that might be useful for human medications.
　　In creatures such as insects， the ability to self-medicate is almost certainly innate； woolly bear （灯蛾毛虫） infected with flies seeks out and eats plant substances poisonous to the flies.But more complex animals may learn such tricks after an initial discovery by one member of their group.
　　For example， an orangutan may have rubbed the plant on its skin to try to treat parasites （寄生虫） and realized that it also had a pleasant pain-killing effect.That behavior may then have been passed on to other orangutans.“Because this type of self-medication is seen only in south-central Borneo，” Morrogh says， “It was probably learned locally.”
5.Why does orangutans chew Dracaena cantleyi？（　　）
A.To self-medicate.
B.To have their normal diet.
C.To scare other animals away.
D.To pass on a message to other orangutans.
6.How can the findings benefit human being？（　　）
A.They can help vets treat pets.
B.They can help scientists study orangutans.
C.They can help botanist learn more about plants.
D.They can help people find new resources for human medications.
7.Which of the following best explains the underlined word “innate” in Paragraph 6？（　　）
A.Natural. B.Sociable.
C.Obtainable. D.Professional.
8.What is the main idea of the text？（　　）
A.Apes use plant extracts to treat pain.
B.Humans and animals have a lot in common.
C.A plant has been found useful for human medication.
D.Morrogh-Bernard and her colleagues have been observing orangutans.
C
　　（2024·山东威海乳山高二下月考）In Iceland， these green houses melt into the natural landscape， a technique that first appeared with the arrival of British settlers during the 9th through 11th centuries.Unlike their previous warm and wet climate， wood was rare and slow to regenerate.Turf （草皮） became their first pick to make shelters.
　　Across Europe， turf bricks — widely available — were cut from local bogs （沼泽） and transported for use at higher lands.The turf was then laid over a wooden structure to form walls and a thick roof — to keep cold out from tough northern climates.Turf walls were replaced as frequently as every 20 years， and even up to 70 years.
　　It is difficult to find out its precise origins in the archaeological record.However， evidence of similar constructions can be found in many countries throughout the ages.Historic records suggest that up to 50 per cent of Icelandic houses were partly comprised of turf until the late 19th century.As populations began to gather in cities like Reykjavik， wood buildings replaced stones and earth architecture.After fires burned up the city in 1915， concrete became the material of choice.In 1918 Iceland gained independence from Denmark， setting in motion a wave of nationalism that threatened the survival of turf houses.Advocates of modernization argued that Reykjavik paled in comparison to the grand architecture that graced the skylines of Paris， Berlin， and London.Traditional techniques were criticized as “rotten Danish wood” from a troubled era， and there was a campaign to clear them in favor of modern buildings — a move later criticized by many as destruction of cultural heritage.
　　A tourism boom in the latter half of the 20th century encouraged Iceland to reexamine the value of traditional architecture.Do Icelanders still live in turf houses？ The quickest way to answer this question would be no.You might still see an occasional grass roof but that has everything to do with architecture and Icelanders wanting to hold on to their beloved heritage rather than any need for turf as insulation （隔热） material.
9.Why did people use turf to build houses in the past？（　　）
A.It matched nature perfectly.
B.It could be changed often.
C.It was long-lasting and accessible.
D.It was a request by settlers.
10.What was a direct result of the wave of nationalism？（　　）
A.People packed into Reykjavik.
B.Traditional architecture was in favor.
C.Turf houses were almost unable to exist.
D.Concrete became a new building material.
11.What can we infer about the turf house from the last paragraph？（　　）
A.It starts coming to life.
B.It will live on.
C.Its material will improve.
D.It is out of date.
12.Which of the following is a suitable title for the text？（　　）
A.Iceland’s Turf Stretches Brightly across Europe
B.Iceland’s Turf — An Important Building Material
C.Iceland’s Turf Houses — An Exceptional Example
D.Iceland’s Turf Houses Survive Beautifully with Nature
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
　　When you need to seek a solution to a design problem， you could ask yourself，“What animals or plants face a similar problem in their lives， and how do they handle it？”13.（　　） Termites in Africa control the temperature and air currents in their nests by having thick walls and air spaces in the top part.The Eastgate Centre in Harare， Zimbabwe was designed in a similar way， with thick overhangs shading the windows， and all the offices connected to a big chimney letting hot air escape.This allows it to stay cool while using much less air-conditioning.14.（　　）
　　Engineer Nakatsu also asked himself the same question.15.（　　） A keen birdwatcher， Nakatsu realised that kingfishers also experience an abrupt pressure change when diving into the pond， but their beaks allow them to pierce through the water smoothly.His team found that putting a long， pointed nose on the train greatly reduced the loud boom in the tunnel and allowed it to run faster.
　　Having a big picture of the world we live in also helps us understand how technology can be used to protect instead of destroy it.16.（　　） On the other hand， plastic packaging creates a lot of waste and pollution.One company has come up with an alternative material made of cornhusk waste and some big companies are starting to use it.
　　17.（　　） Nakatsu worries that children today do not have the opportunity to touch and feel nature.He advises that students in university should study more than one narrow field so that they do not just have one fixed way of thinking.
A.In nature， everything gets recycled.
B.To mimic nature， we must be familiar with it.
C.It turns out that natural beauty often has a logical reason behind it.
D.Large cities full of people are often compared to ants’ colonies （群）.
E.This idea was used to arrange hundreds of mirrors at a solar power plant.
F.It could be a good solution for the hot and crowded cities in Southeast Asia， too.
G.His problem was that the pressure from a bullet train rushing into a tunnel at high speed caused loud noises.
5 / 5课时跟踪检测部分
UNIT 1　Face values
Section Ⅰ　Starting out & Understanding ideas
基础知识自测
维度一
1.self-critical　2.dormitories　3.pills　4.overlooked
5.misjudged　6.bothered　7.boosted　8.pretended
维度二
1.acknowledgement　2.identically　3.skinny　4.enlarge
维度三
1.that’s why people respect him
2.boost my confidence
3.but other people
4.a desire for success
5.tend to be shy
6.has been burying himself in his research work
维度四
1.addicted　2.editing　3.boosts　4.of　5.totally
6.personalities　7.a　8.bothered　9.Although
10.more beautiful
素养能力提升
Ⅰ.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了特殊的胎记给作者的外表及生活都带来了影响，作者因此感到苦恼，但表妹的自信使作者受到了鼓励，终于接受了自我。
1.D　推理判断题。根据第二段前三句可知，因为胎记的特殊性，作者每隔一年都要进行手术，因此这给作者带来了一些麻烦。
2.A　词义猜测题。根据画线词后的suggested that she should wear long sleeves more often可推知，表妹的奶奶让表妹多穿长袖衣服是为了挡住胎记，因为胎记太明显了。由此可知，画线词prominent表示“明显的”。apparent明显的；graceful优美的；harmful有害的；impressive给人印象深刻的。
3.B　推理判断题。根据第四段中的She’s never tried to hide her birthmark or change her appearance.It really inspires me.可知，作者的表妹没有故意隐藏胎记，说明她很自信，不惧别人的目光，她的这份自信鼓舞了作者。
4.C　推理判断题。通读全文内容可知，本文主要讲述了特殊的胎记给作者的外表及生活都带来了影响，作者因此感到苦恼，但表妹的自信使作者受到了鼓励，终于接受了自我。由此推知，本文教育人们要学会接受自我。
语篇解读：本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者结合自身经历，告诉读者：人不可貌相。
5.C　推理判断题。根据第二段内容可知，David一直鼓励、陪伴作者，并耐心教他滑雪动作，让他度过了愉快的一天。由此可知，David是个很有耐心且关心他人的人。
6.B　细节理解题。根据第三段中的I see a lonely person longing for a friendly hello可知，这位女士内心深处很渴望得到他人的认可和接纳。
7.A　观点态度题。根据第四段中的Most people ...as an “old lady” with nothing much to do and less to offer.可知，人们匆匆从她身边走过，认为她是个没什么用处和价值的老人。
8.D　推理判断题。根据作者所列举的三个亲身经历的事例以及最后一段中的It’s the inner self that we need to embrace.可推知，作者告诉读者：不要以貌取人，要去体会每个人丰富的内在。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了英国遗产专家的一项发现：17世纪的贵族女性戴安娜·塞西尔的肖像画曾被修复者修改以增强其美貌特征，这暗示了现代审美标准可能并非如我们所想的那样现代，而是存在历史循环的现象。
9.C　推理判断题。根据第一段最后一句可知，专家发现修复者对戴安娜·塞西尔的肖像进行了修改，这表明现代审美标准并非如我们所想的那样现代，而是存在历史循环的现象。由此可推知，专家的发现表明过去的审美标准可能在现代会得到重复。
10.A　推理判断题。根据第二段最后两句可知，后来的修复者对戴安娜·塞西尔的肖像进行了改动，包括增大嘴唇尺寸和降低发际线以减小额头大小。由此可推知，原始画像并未完全满足修复者对于美的期望。
11.B　细节理解题。根据第三段中的They also surprisedly found the artist’s signature， and a date that had been signed in the portrait’s curtain suggesting it was finished in 1634 and not 1638 as previously thought.可知，保护工作意外地发现了该画像完成于1634年而不是先前认为的1638年。
12.C　推理判断题。根据最后一段最后三句可知，现在的艺术品保护工作有着更多的伦理规范，必须尽量减少对作品的修补，以公正地向世人展示艺术品原有的面貌。这说明她认为艺术保护工作需要考虑伦理因素。
Ⅱ.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了三条改变消极思维的建议。
13.F　根据Catch your thoughts可知，本段主要讲述的是了解你的想法。F项指出了解自己想法的第一步就是要意识到自己想什么，符合语境。
14.A　根据下文The more you resist something， the more you attract it towards you.If you imagine the worst that could happen and accept that， then the reality of what is actually happening isn’t so bad after all.可知，本段介绍了抵制消极思维的弊端和接受糟糕的事情的益处。A项（接受和改变）涵盖了本段内容，符合语境。
15.G　空前一句强调想象最坏的情况并接受它。G项承接上文，指出以现实和乐观的态度处理并接受事情的结果，符合语境。
16.D　根据so when you focus on what is good， the negative thoughts will have to take a back seat可知，此处强调把注意力集中在好的方面时，消极的想法就会被抛到脑后。D项（同时有两种相反的想法是很难的）引起下文，符合语境。
17.B　根据空后一句可知，我们常常忽视我们认为理所应当的事，对这些事情我们缺少感恩。故B项（感激一切）承接上文，符合语境。
Section Ⅱ　Using language
基础知识自测
维度一
1.That mathematics is the base for other sciences
2.What she lacks in an era of technological advances
3.Who will take the place of Mr Smith
4.How you get there
5.It never occurred to me
6.It still remains to be a question
维度二
1.When Jack gets home after school
2.It doesn’t matter whether/if you have lived there
3.Whoever takes interest in the picture
4.It is believed that
5.It seems that
维度三
1.that　2.what　3.how　4.that 　5.that　6.Whoever
素养能力提升
Ⅰ.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。作者因为别人的偏见以及追求更好的生活改变自己的口音，但后来才意识到这样做抹杀了自己身份的一部分，也明白了要坚守本根。
1.C　细节理解题。根据第二段前两句可知，作者决定离开南部的家乡是因为其他人认为南方人没文化、无知，即外部对南方人的偏见。
2.B　推理判断题。根据第三段最后两句推知，当被Emily的妈妈误会来自北方时，作者是非常开心的。
3.A　推理判断题。根据倒数第二段最后两句可知，作者通过改变自己的口音获得了在校报工作的机会。由此推知，作者努力改变Emily的口音是为了证明自己是对的，即改变南方口音就有可能获得好工作。
4.A　推理判断题。根据最后一段内容可知，文章想要传达的信息是坚守本根。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了第一印象的重要性。
5.A　细节理解题。根据第二段中的In fact， most people make up their minds about other people in the first five minutes or less when meeting them.可知，人们很快就会做出是否喜欢这个人的判断。
6.C　推理判断题。根据第三段最后一句可知，你要做功课来收集信息并研究所有可能出现的问题，这样，万一另一方提出一些出乎意料的问题，你将会知道如何解决。由此可知，根据作者的观点，尽可能多地了解情况可能有助于面试。
7.B　推理判断题。文章开头讲述了第一印象的重要性，文章最后一段最后一句强调即使有优秀的学历和杰出的工作表现，求职申请人也需要留下良好的第一印象。由此可知，下文应该会更详细地介绍一些给别人留下良好的第一印象的实用建议。
8.D　主旨大意题。文章主要讲了第一印象的重要性，它很大程度上决定了人们是否喜欢你、是否决定帮助你，结合第二段中的You need to make a good impression on others to ensure they like you and give you what you want.可知，本文主要讲述了要给人留下良好的第一印象。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。Bryant研究发现，尽管各国人民的能力各不相同，但是世界各地的人们都可以通过声音中的微小差异来识别真笑和假笑。文章还介绍了真笑和假笑分别具备的特点。
9.B　细节理解题。根据第三段第一句可知，研究表明，尽管各国人民的能力各不相同，但世界各地的人们都能辨别出真正的笑声。由此可知，研究发现了人们可以分辨出真笑和假笑。
10.A　细节理解题。根据第三段中的because they rely heavily on emotional engagement in order to predict others’ behavior and create stronger social relationships可知，Samoan的居民能准确识别自然的笑声是因为他们把很多情感放在了解别人上。
11.C　细节理解题。根据第四段最后一句可知，在真正的笑声中，我们会产生高音调和音量，以及没有清晰声音的快速爆发。由此可知，自然的笑声通常以高音量为特征。
12.D　细节理解题。根据倒数第二段最后两句可知，布莱恩进一步解释说：“有了这个语音系统，你可以发出很多不同的声音，包括哭泣、大笑或尖叫。这就是假笑的由来。”由此可知，假笑系统可以使人产生各种各样的噪音。
Ⅱ.
语篇解读：本文是一篇新闻报道。文章报道了社交媒体滤镜让改变外貌变得轻而易举，但也带来了对女性外貌不切实际的期望。Katia通过发布视频，展示了自己真实而不完美的面容，引发了人们的关注和感谢。
13.B　根据文章首句可知，社交媒体让用滤镜改变外貌变得很容易，所以当你迫切需要录制视频且状态不佳时，滤镜就能派上用场。come in handy派上用场。needy需要帮助的；handy有用的，方便的；fashionable时尚的；surprising令人惊讶的。
14.A　上文提到人们用滤镜来改变外貌的现象，所以有很多关于滤镜使用的讨论。use使用；fix修理；production生产；appearance外观。
15.A　因滤镜可以改变外貌，让女性变得不真实，所以会让人们对女性的容貌产生不切实际的期望。place以某种态度对待（或看待）；force强迫；show显示；look看。
16.C　根据下文to prove that可知，一位女士承担责任揭下滤镜来证明。pull off靠边停车；put off推迟；peel off剥去，揭掉；come off脱落。
17.D　根据语境可知，她的脸实际上不是戴上滤镜的样子。副词actually用于引出真实情况。sharply尖锐地；sincerely真诚地；eventually最终；actually实际上。
18.A　根据上文可知，使用Bold Glamour滤镜后的脸与真实的脸不一样了，所以会让人们怀疑对自己脸的感知。perception感知；attention注意；recognition识别；attraction吸引。
19.D　滤镜让人产生怀疑，说明对比太不真实，不敢相信。unexpected意外的；unfamiliar不熟悉的；uncertain不确定的；unreal不真实的。
20.D　根据下文She puts on another可知，Katia还用了其他滤镜做演示，并没有止于Bold Glamour。experiment做试验；continue继续；agree同意；stop停止，结束。
21.C　根据下文revealing an inflamed and imperfect facef可知，Katia去掉了妆容，露出真实的脸。wear穿着；apply应用；remove去掉；hate讨厌。
22.B　根据下文可知，这是人们对Katia的评论。flat公寓；comment评论；spot地点；face脸。
23.B　根据上文this message is so important可知，评论者认为Katia传递了重要信息，感谢提醒。article文章；reminder提醒；costume服装；poster海报。
24.B　根据常识可知，在现实生活中，我们都有不完美之处。beauty美丽；imperfection不完美；question问题；suggestion建议。
25.D　Katia关滤镜、卸妆，展示了不完美的真实自己，这是一种诚实。此处意为“作为一个成熟的女人，我很欣赏你的诚实”。effort努力；interest兴趣；skill技能；honesty诚实。
26.A　根据上文do harm to people’s self esteem和下文to something that’s not real可推知，把自己和滤镜后不真实的形象进行比较，会让人感到自卑，伤害自尊。compare比较；addict上瘾；put放置；throw扔。
27.C　根据上文可知，Katia通过勇敢展示真实的自己，揭开了社交媒体的帷幕，让人们看到了真实的自己，看清了现实。pull back the curtain指“拉开窗帘或帷幕，揭示事物真相或隐藏的部分”。wall墙；board木板；curtain帷幕；floor地板。
Ⅲ.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。作者在车祸中失去右手后装了一个假肢，但是不好用，后来作者重新装了一只机械手后一切都改变了。
28.lost　考查动词的时态。空处为After引导的时间状语从句的谓语，根据时间状语two years ago可知，此处描述过去发生的事情，用一般过去时。故填lost。
29.believing　考查非谓语动词。本句为主从复合句，After引导时间状语从句，主句中已有谓语动词began，此处应用非谓语动词。动词believe和其逻辑主语I之间是主谓关系，应用动词-ing形式作状语。故填believing。
30.was equipped　考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。主语I和动词equip之间是被动关系，且此处是描述过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时的被动语态。故填was equipped。
31.which　考查定语从句。空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰前面整个主句的内容，在从句中作主语，故填which。
32.however　考查副词。上文提到假肢不好用，即使是很简单的事情也很难完成，与下文“一切都改变了”之间是转折关系，且空后有逗号，应用副词，故填however。
33.amazingly　考查词形转换。空处作状语修饰整个句子，应用副词形式。故填amazingly。
34.used　考查非谓语动词。此处是“with＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构，动词use和宾语special rubber是逻辑上的动宾关系，此处应用过去分词作宾语补足语。故填used。
35.hobbies　考查名词复数。hobby意为“业余爱好”，为可数名词，根据空前的all可知，此处应用复数形式，故填hobbies。
36.since　考查连词。结合句意可知，此处指“自从我有了新手”，故填since。
37.more confident　考查形容词的比较级。根据do more并结合语境可知，此处应用形容词的比较级，故填more confident。
Section Ⅲ　Developing ideas
基础知识自测
维度一
1.defects　2.immense　3.heartbreaking　4.repay
5.profound　6.kidnapped　7.compassion　8.motive
9.resembled　10.accent
维度二
1.novelist　2.graceful　3.comprehension　4.expression　5.tenderness
维度三
1.adjust to
2.was sentenced to death
3.out of mercy
4.attempt to climb
5.Fascinated by
6.never have we been more connected
维度四
1.be formed　2.However　3.to break　4.whether
5.awareness　6.neither　7.explanation　8.unfortunate
9.remembered　10.swam
素养能力提升
Ⅰ.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者并没有让严重的视力障碍变成自己生活的阻碍，而是继续做喜欢的事情，在结婚有了孩子之后可以帮忙照顾孩子，在成为祖母之后独自加入旅行团去欣赏世界的美丽。
1.D　细节理解题。根据第一段中的Within a few days， I was diagnosed （诊断） with a severe visual impairment （视力障碍）.In fact， I was practically blind.Amazingly， I’d managed to reach the age of 13 without anyone realizing， not even me！可知，在作者13岁被诊断出视力障碍之前，没有人意识到她的视力很差。
2.C　词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句后的I was terrible — always mixing up sugar and salt！可知，作者总是弄混糖和盐，因此她是不擅长烹饪的。由此推知，forte意为“长处”，与strength意思相近。
3.C　细节理解题。根据第三段中的I could change nappies （尿布） and dress the kids fine — it just took a little longer as I relied on touch to work out where things were.可知，虽然作者视力不好，但是可以为孩子们换尿布以及穿衣服，因此是可以帮忙照顾孩子的。
4.D　推理判断题。通读全文可知，作者虽然有严重的视力障碍，但是这没有成为她生活的阻碍，她乐观地继续做喜欢的事情，在结婚有了孩子之后可以帮忙照顾孩子，在成为祖母之后独自加入旅行团去欣赏世界的美丽，视力问题不妨碍她用心去体验生命。由此可知，作者的故事告诉我们，每个人都可以用积极的心态享受生命的美好。
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章通过描述女教师朱莉娅通过100天穿同一件裙子这件事，引起人们尤其是她的学生们对时尚的思考，教育孩子们不能以貌取人，要把时间和精力花在有意义的事情上。
5.D　细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句可知，朱莉娅想让人们尤其是她的学生们用一种新的方式思考时尚，同时思考我们现在所处的这种“过度文化”。由此可知，朱莉娅100天穿同一件裙子是为了引起人们对时尚和生活的深思。
6.A　观点态度题。根据第二段内容可知，学生们对这个实验反应很积极，他们完全理解朱莉娅想传达的“不要关注人们穿什么而应关注人们做什么”，即“不要以貌取人”的观点，许多学生因可以谈论那种只关注外表的行为有多愚蠢而感到兴奋。由此可知，学生们对以貌取人这个看法是反对的。
7.C　段落大意题。第四段通过叙述朱莉娅修补裙子上的破洞、穿围裙防止弄脏裙子、周末洗裙子这些事情说明了朱莉娅为了保证衣服干净整洁，以达到她这件裙子能穿100天来让人们对时尚和生活进行深思的目的而做出的努力。
8.B　推理判断题。根据最后一段可知，朱莉娅关心地球的健康状况，耐心对待学生，认真对待日常生活，把更多的精力投入更有意义、更有价值的事情上。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一项生物科学技术成果——给机械手臂增加触觉感知功能。虽然该技术还处于试验阶段，触觉功能还不够自然逼真，但依然大大提高了使用者操作机械手臂的效率。
9.B　段落大意题。根据第一段内容可知，作者在第一段介绍了触觉的重要性。
10.A　推理判断题。根据第三段第一句以及第四段最后一句可推知，植入电极阵列是为了让操作机械手臂的人能感受到物体。
11.B　推理判断题。根据最后一段Robert Gaunt说的话可推知，他认为该项研究是有前景的。
12.D　标题归纳题。通读全文可知，本文介绍了一项生物科学技术成果，给机械手臂增加触觉感知功能后可提高使用者的操作效率。因此D项（触觉改善机械臂的控制）最适合作文章标题。
Ⅱ.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。有些人似乎有能力毫不费力地吸引别人，它可能看起来像一种神奇的力量。文章主要就如何培养吸引人的魅力介绍了一些方法。
13.B　根据下文The answer is： to a large extent， yes， you can.可知，空处应为一般疑问句，B项（所以，你能学会发展超人的魅力吗？）与下文衔接恰当。
14.C　根据上文How should we deal with this？可知，C项（有一个非常简单的工具：你的微笑）可以为这个问题给出具体的解决方法，同时衔接空后一句，说明微笑的好处。
15.F　下文具体介绍是友不是敌的信号表达，F项（我们的大脑会审视周围的环境寻找是敌是友的信号）可以和下文衔接恰当。
16.D　根据上文In other words， you should not talk about yourself and all your wonderful achievements.可知，D项（相反，你需要表现出对他们的兴趣）可以衔接上文，说明正确的做法是要关注对方。
17.A　根据上文And if all else fails， you can fall back on that most British of topics： the weather.可知，A项（这是一个很好的开始）可以承接上文，说明谈论天气是打开话题的好方法。
Section Ⅳ　Writing about a literary work
Ⅰ.
语篇解读：本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者是个身材肥胖的学生，怕被别人嘲笑，他想成为运动型的人；但父亲告诉作者应该把肥胖看作自己的优点，这样可以做更多有意义的事情。作者回想起父亲的话，感触颇多，十分感谢父亲的鼓励。
1.B　根据常识可知，在人们的印象中，肥胖的、有点笨的孩子容易被人嘲笑。impression印象。
2.B　参见上题解析。
3.A　根据下文的in all the sports可知，作者决心变成一个运动型的人。athletic运动的。
4.D　上文说作者要成为一个运动型的人，由此可知，此处表示作者要进行运动。play sports“做运动”，为固定搭配。
5.D　根据下文throughout high school可知，作者参加了一个交际舞班，一直坚持到高中毕业。follow跟随，遵循。
6.C　根据下文but his death可知，作者的父亲在9·11恐怖袭击事件中去世了。
7.C　根据上文可知，因为作者父亲在9·11恐怖袭击事件中去世了，所以这16个月对作者来说很艰难。tough艰难的。
8.D　根据下文That advice he gave me now comes back so vividly可知，父亲生前对作者说的话让作者感触颇多，对作者有影响，所以父亲去世后作者对自己的体型有了新的认识。light （理解某人或某物的）方式，角度。
9.C　根据下文and he told me可知，作者和父亲曾经聊了很久。
10.B　根据下文that I should use it可知，作者的父亲认为肥胖是上天给作者的礼物，作者应该好好地使用它。
11.C　根据下文I know that my size will 　14　 me to achieve many positive things可知，作者的父亲建议作者充分发挥自己的潜能，这样可以做更多积极的事情。potential潜能。
12.D　根据下文and hold my head up high可知，父亲让作者昂起头来。由此可知，父亲让作者以自己为骄傲。take pride in以……为骄傲。
13.A　上文提到作者的父亲在9·11恐怖袭击事件中去世，所以此处指作者父亲的建议在作者的记忆中历历在目。
14.B　根据下文achieve many positive things和上文描述可知，因为作者以自己的身材为骄傲，所以作者认为自己的身材可以让自己能够实现很多积极的事情。enable使能够。
15.C　根据倒数第二段内容可知，父亲的话给了作者鼓励，所以此处指作者想起父亲对他说的话。
Ⅱ.
　　In an English class discussion about the beauty filter function on smartphones， diverse opinions emerged among us.
　　Some argue that the beauty filter enhances one’s appearance and boosts one’s self-confidence.However， others think that excessive use of beauty filters can develop unrealistic beauty standards and distort people’s perception of their own natural beauty.
　　As far as I’m concerned， while beauty filters can be fun to use occasionally， it’s crucial to recognize that true beauty lies in embracing our distinctive features.By celebrating our individuality， we can cultivate a genuine sense of self-confidence that radiates from within.
Ⅲ.
　　The girl became silent and fell into thought.She asked herself，“When adversity knocks on my door， how do I respond？ Am I a carrot， an egg or a coffee bean？” She hesitated for a moment， and then had an answer in mind.She didn’t want to be the carrots that were easily defeated.She decided that she would learn from the eggs to have a hardened heart after experiencing hardship.More importantly， she was determined to become the coffee beans to change the hot water.She started to believe that she was able to overcome all the difficulties and finally got success.
　　The girl changed completely from then on.She became strong and brave and didn’t give up easily.She began to face life with a positive attitude.No matter what problems she came across， she would always remember the lesson her mother had taught her.She knew that more difficulties would only make her stronger， and after having overcoming them， she could change them into something nice.Finally， after accepting many challenges， she was able to live the life she wanted.
UNIT 2　A life’s work
Section Ⅰ　Starting out & Understanding ideas
基础知识自测
维度一
1.fascination　2.faraway　3.celebrities　4.grocery　5.craft
6.posed
维度二
1.fascination　2.fashionable　3.uncomplicated　4.devotion
5.grocery　6.anthropologist
维度三
1.rather than
2.nothing more than
3.devotion to
4.no matter how much you may disagree with them
5.a wide range of events
6.It was with your help that
维度四
1.most important　2.inspiration　3.that　4.were wearing　5.belonged　6.brands　7.what　8.offered　9.focused　10.for
素养能力提升
Ⅰ.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了残疾人Sadaf不顾他人的质疑用行动证明自己的励志故事。
1.C　细节理解题。根据第四段中的Things worsened when her father， her “only source of support”， passed away.可知，Sadaf的父亲是她的支柱，是唯一一个支持鼓励她的人，因此父亲的去世让她失去了精神支柱。
2.B　细节理解题。根据第六段中的By now， I’ve realized that I have to either end my life or struggle to prove myself.以及第七段中的But I wanted to try my hands at everything.So I decided to play basketball as well.可知，Sadaf试着打篮球是为了证明自己。
3.D　推理判断题。根据第七至九段可知，Sadaf虽然残疾，但是她开店、打篮球、做生意，非常能干，而且在别人的质疑中勇敢地证明自己的能力。因此用“有决心，有能力”描述Sadaf最好。
4.B　推理判断题。根据Sadaf 的故事以及最后一段内容可推知，她建议人们要去证明自己的能力，而不要让残疾限制自己。
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了面塑手艺人康健机缘巧合下与面塑结下不解之缘，开始他的非遗传承之路的故事。
5.D　细节理解题。根据第二段中的The small， simple objects ...and planted the seeds of fine art， especially sculpture， in my heart.可知，康健儿时捏面团的经历激发了他后来学习面塑的兴趣。
6.A　细节理解题。根据第三段中的learning skills from Bai Chunyu和another national-level inheritor 可知，康健利用业余时间抓住机会，向其他面塑传承人学习面塑技艺。
7.A　观点态度题。根据第四段中的I practiced every day from 6 am until late at night ...to relieve the pain.But all the efforts turned out to be worth it.可推知，康健觉得自己学习面塑的过程虽然很辛苦但很值得做。
8.C　细节理解题。根据第五段中的the real value ...lies in its connection with traditional Chinese culture可知，康健认为将面塑做成中国传统民间故事中的形象有助于中国文化的表达和传播。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了个性测试与职业选择的关系，并告诉人们应如何选择合适的职业。
9.C　推理判断题。根据第一段第一句可推知，他们认为通过个性测试来选择职业是不合理的。
10.B　细节理解题。根据第一段中的the results are probably a lot more accurate than I’d like to admit以及I think it might have had some points that fit my personality可知，作者认为该测试结果与她性格的某些方面相符。
11.D　推理判断题。根据第二段第二、三句可知，想要寻找到梦想的工作，只能通过自己，只有了解了自己，才能找到适合自己的工作。
12.B　细节理解题。根据倒数第二段最后一句可知，这名学生晕船严重，因而不适合这项工作。
Ⅱ.
语篇解读：本文是一篇议论文。在科学领域，很多突破源于幸运的意外，有时源于科学家的不断追求和不放弃。作者得出结论：只有当社会愿意投资于这些梦想家并且认识到并非所有的投资都会带来重大突破时，才有可能获得改变世界的科学突破。
13.E　根据第一段第二至三句可知，获得改变世界的科学突破需要什么呢？有些是幸运的意外加上好奇心的结果。E项（其他重大突破源于科学家对特定想法的追求）与第一段相呼应，符合语境。
14.F　本段主要讲科学家对特定想法的追求可能会取得改变世界的科学突破，所以在讲完科学家对特定想法的追求可能产生的不良结果后，还需说明可能产生的有价值的结果（这是重点）。F项（但有时这条路会带来重大突破，如X光和疫苗）与上句构成转折关系，与前面“一无所获”的结果相反，符合语境。
15.D　上文介绍了弗莱明发现青霉素，卡里科使所有mRNA疫苗成为可能，通过实现自己的梦想，这些科学家获得了名利和更宝贵的东西。D项（因为他们，全世界数百万人避免了生病或死亡）符合语境。
16.B　空前一句谈到：对许多科学家来说，痴迷于一个不太可能实现的梦并没有得到回报，空后两句谈到：结果是大自然并不会像他们预测的那样运转。最终，他们美好的理论被残酷的事实扼杀。B项（他们的想法虽然很棒，但最终被证明是错误的）与上下文关系密切，符合语境。
17.G　根据空前一句可知，归根结底，只有社会愿意投资于梦想家，认识到并非所有的投资都会带来重大突破，科学突破才有可能实现；根据空后一句可知，最重要的是，投资可以防止痛苦和死亡，并改变世界。G项（然而，带来突破的投资会带来更大的经济回报）符合语境，与空前一句形成转折，同时，与下文形成递进关系。
Section Ⅱ　Using language
基础知识自测
维度一
1.where　2.why　3.that　4.whose　5.where　6.what
7.when　8.whether　9.because
维度二
1.where my strength lies
2.why my parents were/got angry with me
3.that they have all suffered a lot
4.because they are too tired
5.who can be sent there
6.as if/though it is missing something
维度三
1.that　2.whether　3.that　4.what　5.that　6.where
素养能力提升
Ⅰ.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了身残志坚的Gregory Burns的励志故事。
1.B　细节理解题。根据第一段中的He has gained many achievements in his life despite the fact that he had polio（小儿麻痹症） as a child.可知，Gregory Burns是一个取得很多成就的人。
2.A　细节理解题。根据第三段中的But it wasn’t until he returned to art that he truly felt fulfilled.可知，Burns真正感到满足是当他重新学习艺术，成为艺术家时。
3.A　推理判断题。根据第三段最后一句可知，尽管Burns小时候得了小儿麻痹症，但这并没阻挡他追求自己的梦想并鼓励身边的人。由此可推断出，Burns是一个有决心的人。
4.D　推理判断题。从Burns的故事中，我们可以知道：只要你有梦想，并为之努力，即使你有残疾，也不会阻挡你追寻梦想的脚步。因此“世界会给那些有目标的人让路”是我们可以从Burns身上学到的。
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Isaac Newton、Carl Scheele以及Eugene Shoemaker三位科学家冒着健康和生命危险寻找真理的事迹。
5.B　词义猜测题。第二段列举了Isaac Newton的两个实验，在第一个实验中，为了测试光线如何穿过透镜，他把一根长针插进眼睛，推到后面，然后移动它，看看会发生什么，结果是Luckily， nothing long-lasting did.。在第二个实验中，他久久地盯着太阳，想看看这对他的视力有什么影响，根据画线词所在句可知，Isaac Newton不得不在一间黑暗的房间里待上几天，直到他的眼睛恢复，说明他的眼睛避免了遭受永久性的伤害。结合本句中的Again可知，permanent与上文中的long-lasting对应，意为“永久的”。
6.C　推理判断题。根据第三段最后两句可知，他是一位非常聪明的科学家，但他的一个缺点是有一个好奇的习惯，即对他所研究的每一种物质都要尝一些。这种危险的做法终于产生了问题。1786年，他被发现死在实验室里，周围有大量的危险化学品，任何一种化学品都有可能导致他的死亡。由此可推测，Carl Scheele喜欢品尝化学物质的习惯可能是他死亡的原因。
7.A　细节理解题。根据最后一段中的While driving in the Tanami desert， normally one of the emptiest places in the world， another vehicle crashed into them and Shoemaker was killed on the spot.可知，当Shoemaker和他的妻子在塔纳米沙漠开车时，另一辆车撞上了他们，Shoemaker当场死亡。
8.C　主旨大意题。文章主要讲述了Isaac Newton、Carl Scheele以及Eugene Shoemaker三位科学家冒着健康和生命危险寻找真理的事迹，即三位伟大的科学家为真理所作出的牺牲。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章从亓昊楠的视角介绍了故宫古钟表修复工作。
9.C　细节理解题。根据第二段中的What amazes me most about these clocks is that they combine the scientific advances， technological precision and the trend in decorative art of their particular era.可知，这些古钟表多领域技术的结合让亓昊楠印象深刻。
10.B　推理判断题。根据第三段中的He notes that the job requires extreme patience ...and， in this case， haste can do a great deal of damage.可知，古钟表的维修工作需要极大的耐心，修得快则有可能造成很大的损害。由此推知，提到More haste， less speed是为了说明修古钟表需要的品质——耐心、细致。
11.B　推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的Masters in the Forbidden City， brought the profession into the national consciousness ...As a result， in 2017， Qi got two apprentices （学徒） and Wang got three.可知，这个电视纪录片为人们揭开了这项工作的神秘面纱，让更多的人了解了这项工作并参与其中。因此Masters in the Forbidden City揭露了鲜为人知的职业——古钟表修复。
12.A　推理判断题。根据最后一段可知，亓昊楠认为随着关注度的提升，古钟表修复的未来是光明的。promising前景很好的；unpredictable不可预测的；declining越来越少的；stable稳定的。
Ⅱ.
语篇解读：本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章通过反复被拒的Joe坚持不懈并最终实现目标的故事告诉人们：被拒绝并不总是痛苦的，通往最终目标的道路有很多，但有时经受的拒绝可能是通向目标的更加确定的道路。
13.C　根据上文Rejection doesn’t always hurt.可知，拒绝并不总是痛苦的，有时候拒绝会创造出一条通往目标的更加确定的路。follow跟随；lead带领；create创造；clear清除。
14.B　根据语境可知，粉丝们一直很期待Joe在本赛季季后赛中的表现。study学习；perform履行，表演，表现；train训练，培训；join参加。
15.D　but表示转折，上文说Joe梦想在NFL打球，所以这里是说他通往NFL的旅程并不容易。tough艰难的；fun有趣的；attractive吸引人的；easy容易的，轻易的。
16.A　but表示转折，上文说他申请了好几所大学，根据空前的none可知，没有一所大学录取他。accept接受；remember记得；reject拒绝；ignore忽视。
17.A　根据上文可知，Joe是一名足球运动员。but前后表示转折，上文说他进入了俄亥俄州立大学，所以这里应是说他没有上场比赛的机会，在替补席上坐了三年。bench场边的运动员休息区，替补队员席；stand货摊；team队；stage舞台。
18.C　Joe在替补席上坐了三年却没有上场的机会，这说明教练不看好他，认为他没有潜力。chance机会；resource资源；potential潜力；enthusiasm热情。
19.B　根据上文He applied to several colleges和下文Then he applied to Louisiana State University可知，这里表示他向内布拉斯加州大学提出申请。sign up for报名（参加课程）；apply to向……申请；attend to处理，照料；search for寻找。
20.D　根据空前的the Heisman Trophy可知，他是海兹曼奖的获得者。fan迷，狂热爱好者；adviser顾问，忠告者；learner学习者；winner获胜者。
21.C　根据上文Joe多次遭到拒绝后最终在努力坚持下实现目标的故事并结合常识可知，通向最终目标的道路有许多种，而Joe的这种道路非常艰辛。similar相似的；smooth平滑的，顺利的；multiple数量多的，多种多样的；flat平坦的。
22.B　这里it是形式主语，真正的主语是strong endurance and determination to reach them。这里表达的是通向这些目标需要强大的耐力和决心。cost需付费，价钱为；take需要，要求；make制作；offer主动提出。
23.C　根据第一段中的Sometimes rejection may 　13　a more certain path to our final goals.可知，这里指的是拒绝不能阻止你实现目标。theory理论；training训练；rejection拒绝；excuse借口。
24.A　根据空后的your long-term goals可知，这里表示实现长期目标。achieve实现；plan计划；announce宣告；explain解释。
25.D　根据face it bravely并结合语境可知，要勇敢面对痛苦，就要首先承认痛苦。affect影响；emphasize强调；estimate估计，估价；acknowledge承认，感谢。
26.B　根据上文the pain that comes from disappointment和空后的outcome of being rejected可知，这里指被拒绝的负面结果。active积极的；negative消极的；possible可能的；predictable可预料的。
27.A　结合Joe的故事可知，Joe虽然多次遭到拒绝，但他没有沉浸在受伤之中并放弃目标，而是坚持自己最初的目标，不断申请学校，寻找提升的机会，最终他获得了成功，本文建议要把注意力放在目标上而不是被拒绝的负面结果上，被拒绝的伤害来自我们对它的理解方式，积极看待它或许会获得更好的结果，而消极看待它则会一直沉浸在痛苦之中。interpret诠释，理解；imagine想象；explore探索；escape逃跑。
Ⅲ.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国中学校长张桂梅的故事。
28.with　考查固定搭配。be honored with获得荣誉。故填with。
29.has seen　考查动词的时态和主谓一致。根据时间状语从句Since it opened in 2008可知，谓语用现在完成时，主语是it，助动词用has。故填has seen。
30.（was） sitting　考查非谓语动词/动词的时态。分析句子结构和意思可知，动词sit是被修饰的名词girl主动发出的动作，所以用动词-ing形式作补语。也可以理解为noticed后面跟宾语从句，空处作从句的谓语动词，表示当时正在发生的动作，用过去进行时，主语是girl，be动词用was。故填（was） sitting。
31.blankly　考查词形转换。修饰动词staring应用副词，故填blankly。
32.to build　考查非谓语动词。persuade sb to do sth说服某人做某事。故填to build。
33.that　考查同位语从句。分析句子结构可知，women drop out of education， marry early and spend 34.　　　　　　 （they） whole lives in the remote mountain解释前面名词spell的内容，是同位语从句，从句基本成分完整，上下文意思连贯，故填that。
34.their　考查代词。空处作定语，修饰后面的名词短语whole lives，应用形容词性物主代词。故填their。
35.was founded　考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。这句话描述的是过去的事情，动词found和主语a free public high school是被动关系，所以用一般过去时的被动语态，主语是a free public high school，故填was founded。
36.graduates　考查名词复数。名词graduate前面有More than 1，800修饰，所以用复数形式。故填graduates。
37.which　考查定语从句。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是整个主句的内容，在从句中作主语。故填which。
Section Ⅲ　Developing ideas
基础知识自测
维度一
1.nonetheless　2.precious 　3.polishes 　4.bark
5.preserve 　6.dominated 　7.antiques　8.modest
9.maximum　10.essay
维度二
1.associated　2.analysis　3.architectural　4.dominant
5.restoration 　6.ambitious
维度三
1.originated from
2.day in， day out
3.are associated with
4.at their own pace
5.take on
6.If it hadn’t rained so hard last night
维度四
1.restoring　2.taken　3.as　4.collections　5.originating　6.to　7.most　8.endless　9.that　10.skilful
素养能力提升
Ⅰ.
语篇解读：本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要介绍了被称为“中国诺贝尔奖”的未来科学奖，并介绍了荣获2023年未来科学奖的八名科学家的成就。
1.C　推理判断题。根据第二段、第五段以及第六段内容可知，八位科学家因为他们对科学的卓越贡献获奖。
2.D　推理判断题。根据第三段中的He emphasized that this recognition was not only for himself but also for the team’s years of hard work.可知，根据 Chai 的说法，合作促成了他们的发现。
3.A　推理判断题。根据第五段内容可知，他们的研究揭示了高温材料的潜在物理机制，是开创性的。
4.D　写作意图题。根据全文内容可知，本文是为了介绍2023年被称为“中国诺贝尔奖”的未来科学奖。
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了印象派代表人物莫奈的成名历程以及他在绘画领域做出的贡献。
5.B　细节理解题。根据第一段中的It was Monet’s childhood， spent along the beaches and the knowledge he gained of the sea and the rapidly shifting Norman weather that would one day give rise to his fresh vision of nature.可知，莫奈对大自然产生了新的视角是因为三个方面：童年在海边度过、海洋知识和快速变化的诺曼气候，B项是对这三个方面内容的概括。
6.D　细节理解题。根据第一段中的perhaps at her suggestion， Claude went to study drawing with a local artist.But his life as a painter did not begin until he was befriended by Eugène Boudin， who introduced Monet to the practice of painting in the open air可知，莫奈跟随一位当地艺术家学画，之后又跟Eugène Boudin进行户外绘画的实践和学习，所以说莫奈是从其他艺术家那里接受教育的。
7.C　细节理解题。根据第二段中的In order to avoid the Franco-German War， he left his family and traveled to London.可知，为了逃离战争，莫奈去了伦敦。
8.B　段落大意题。根据最后一段中的His influence on other artists was wide-ranging.可知，最后一段主要讲了莫奈对其他艺术家的影响。
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者深受父亲影响，对工作坚持不懈并严格要求自己的故事。
9.C　细节理解题。根据第一段中的He demanded the exact same of himself.Every brick he cleaned on the house stood out like a red jewel in a white setting.可知，作者的父亲在工作中要求很高。
10.B　细节理解题。根据第二段中的I moved out of my parent’s modest place into a housing project.Drugs and gang violence were just beginning to damage the projects.可知，住房项目被毒品和帮派暴力所困扰。
11.C　细节理解题。根据第三段中的It was hard， tedious work.可知，作者作库管员时要忍受艰苦和乏味。
12.A　推理判断题。根据最后一段内容可知，作者受父亲的影响，对工作坚持不懈，作者也希望后代人都能保持这份传统。因此从作者的工作经历看，坚持不懈的精神可以传递给下一代。
Ⅱ.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章就如何减少人们对失败的恐惧给出了四个方法。
13.D　上文讲述了人们害怕失败的现象和背后的心理因素，下文讲述了失败存在的普遍性，D项（我们中的许多人可能曾经经历过这种情况）符合语境。
14.G　根据Analyze all potential outcomes.可知，本段主要讲减少人们对失败恐惧的方法之一——分析事情将产生的所有（好坏）结果，G项（许多人害怕失败是因为他们害怕未知）是对段落主旨的阐释。
15.F　根据Set small goals.可知，本段主要讲减少人们对失败恐惧的方法之一——设定小目标。结合上文So start by setting a few small goals.可知，该空应该讲具体如何设置小目标，F项（这些目标应该具有轻微的挑战性，但不是压倒性的挑战性）符合语境，对上文的小目标具体解释。
16.B　根据Learn to think more positively.可知，本段主要讲减少人们对失败恐惧的方法之一——学会更积极地思考。结合上文Every coin has two sides.可知，该空应该讲积极思考事物两面性后应该怎么做，B项（你来决定要看哪一面）符合语境。
17.A　根据下文可知，本段在谈论最坏的情况，A项（看看更糟糕的情况）符合语境。
Ⅲ.
　　Last Friday， our school organized a screening of a documentary， which explores the profound theme of unwavering dedication and mastery in craftsmanship.
　　The documentary focuses on representative craftsmen in different fields， highlighting the significance of commitment and innovation in their work.The audience was fascinated by the intricate details and precision presented in each craft.
　　After the screening， the audience expressed their admiration for the craftsmen and their commitment to their work.Overall， the documentary left a lasting impression， reminding us of the value of craftsmanship and inspiring us to strive for excellence.
Section Ⅳ　Writing an expository essay
Ⅰ.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。作者讲述了自己勇敢选择自己喜欢的事业和人生，并取得成功的故事。
1.B　根据上文I’ve always been creative since I was a little girl.以及下文filled with arts， crafts and music可知，作者从小就很有创造力，童年里每天都做各种创作。learn学习；creation创作；imagination想象力；amusement娱乐，娱乐活动。
2.C　上文与空后的somewhere along the way I lost touch with my creative self为转折关系。besides此外；therefore因此；however然而；otherwise否则。
3.A　根据上文upon graduation可知，作者找到一份工作。land成功得到，捞到（尤指许多人想得到的工作）；desire渴望；shift转移；handle处理，应付。
4.A　根据上文I would go to the office， sit at my desk and repeat the same work.可知，作者觉得这样的日子很无聊。boring令人厌烦的，乏味的；interesting有趣的；rewarding值得做的，报酬高的；challenging富于挑战性的。
5.B　根据下文内容可知，作者决定做出改变，重拾自己小时候的爱好。survey调查；change变化；commitment承诺；preparation准备。
6.C　根据下文As I dreamt bigger， later I 　8　 a part-time design course.I took classes two nights a week.可知，作者去上了社区大学的缝纫课程。teach教；pass 经过；attend参加，上（学）；design设计。
7.C　根据语境可知，这个仅为期五周的课程，唤醒了作者的兴趣。maintain维护；increase增加；awaken唤醒，唤起；protect保护。
8.D　根据下文I took classes two nights a week.可知，作者报名了设计课程。benefit from得益于；try out for参加……选拔；come up with找到（答案），拿出（一笔钱等）；sign up for报名参加。
9.A　根据下文As it became clearer that 　10　 was where my love lay可知，设计课程让作者找到了自己热爱的东西。passion激情，酷爱；recognition承认；curiosity好奇心；innovation创新，改革。
10.C　根据下文working at the company became harder可知，作者意识到自己喜欢时装设计。arts技艺，人文科学；crafts工艺，手艺；fashion时尚，时装业；adventure冒险。
11.D　根据上文I felt bored.可知，作者所做的工作让作者感觉没有动力，没有成就感。promotion晋升，促销；vacation假期；business商业，企业；motivation动力。
12.D　根据空后studying my design course full time可知，作者最终决定辞职，全职学习设计。initially最初；instantly立刻；gradually逐渐地；eventually最终。
13.A　参见上题解析。job工作；dream梦想；interest兴趣；decision决定。
14.B　根据of my own fashion brand可知，作者是自己的时装品牌的设计师。teacher教师；designer设计师；inventor发明家；musician音乐家。
15.B　根据空后setting the wheels of change has led me to where I am today可知，作者对于自己做出改变从事自己热爱的设计行业感到非常幸运。inspired受到启发的，能力卓越的；blessed有福的，幸运的；relieved放心的，宽慰的；impressed有深刻的好印象。
Ⅱ.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章从几个方面介绍了终身学习的重要性。
16.is　考查动词的时态和主谓一致。根据语境可知，本文说明了终身学习的重要性，时态应用一般现在时；主语The answer是单数，故填is。
17.their　考查代词。此处修饰名词lives，应用形容词性物主代词their，指代主语people。
18.who/that　考查定语从句。设空处引导定语从句，在从句中作主语，先行词是People，指人，应用关系代词who/that。
19.doctors　考查名词的单复数。此处泛指“医生”，doctor是可数名词，应用名词复数表泛指。故填doctors。
20.to prepare　考查非谓语动词。get sb to do sth为固定搭配，意为“使某人做某事”。
21.on/upon　考查介词。depend on/upon ...意为“依靠……”，为固定搭配。
22.easily　考查副词。此处应用副词修饰动词短语take advantage of。
23.healthy　考查形容词。stay相当于系动词be，此处应用形容词，与independent并列。stay healthy意为“保持健康”。
24.how　考查疑问词。此处为“疑问词＋to do”结构，作动词learning的宾语；根据句意可知，表示“如何”，故填疑问词how。
25.a　考查冠词。此处泛指“一位91岁的老人”，91-year-old的发音以辅音音素开头，故填不定冠词a。
Ⅲ.
　　We started to meet regularly to draw up our panion as I was in the project， I still had no sense of participating in the project.My teammate kept his brain occupied in developing the hypothesis， setting up an experiment to test it， and running the tests alone， leaving me just standing beside him as if I were a fool.“What a dull project it is！” I murmured to myself.However， something changed gradually， as I became aware what the tactile-kinesthetic perception of space meant.Thanks to the intense， fiercely competitive， singularly serious fellow， the whole procedure went smoothly， close to the final stage.
　　One day in the middle of our project， I got word that he was admitted to hospital for a serious disease. Without any delay， I packed up my schoolbag， took all the experiment statistics and rushed to the hospital.Seeing the pale fellow wearing pure white clothes instead of the annoying dark clothes， I felt a sense of sympathy and mercy welling up in my heart.With his guidance， I finished the statistical analysis and presented the findings.It turned out to be such an amazing and persuasive study that my teammate and I did win the best grade.Now， we have been most reliable cooperative partners ever since！
UNIT 3　War and peace
Section Ⅰ　Starting out & Understanding ideas
基础知识自测
维度一
1.troops　2.commander　3.tanks　4.outstanding
5.liberate　6.Horror　7.violent　8.objective
维度二
1.barely　2.violence　3.liberation　4.horrible　5.memorial
维度三
1.make it
2.is made up of
3.nothing less than
4.prepare for
5.freeing people from
6.some measuring over 90 metres
维度四
1.troops　2.which　3.tides　4.issued　5.to fight
6.violence　7.fiercest　8.it　9.of　10.were seen
素养能力提升
Ⅰ.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了查尔斯·德鲁找到了处理和储存血液的新方法，还发明了移动献血站，帮助挽救了第二次世界大战期间无数的生命，因此被称为“血库之父”。
1.B　细节理解题。根据第一段第一句可知，在20世纪30年代末，医院面临的问题是无法储存血液。
2.D　细节理解题。根据第三段中的Using Presbyterian Hospital’s blood bank as ... processing blood plasma from nine New York hospitals.可知，德鲁组织了血浆的收集和处理。
3.A　推理判断题。根据最后一段最后两句可知，这个为期三个月的试点项目成为第一个红十字会血库的模型，德鲁在这个项目中贡献了创新方法。由此可推出，这个试点项目具有开创性。
4.B　标题归纳题。通读全文可知，本文主要讲述了查尔斯·德鲁找到了处理和储存血液的新方法，还发明了移动献血站，帮助挽救了第二次世界大战期间无数的生命，因此被称为“血库之父”。由此可推出，B项（血库的发明者）最适合作本文标题。
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了第一次世界大战爆发时，25岁的美国士兵Suleyman救了一个女孩，取名Flora。后来Flora被送入孤儿院，两人分开。多年后，两人再次取得了联系。
5.A　词义猜测题。根据画线词下文of the war， the girl was abandoned by her family and the whole village was killed可知，这个女孩被家人抛弃，整个村庄的人都被杀了。由此可知，战争血雨腥风、十分残酷，故画线词意为“残酷”。cruelty残酷；challenge挑战；range范围；stress压力。
6.C　细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的When the French National Olympic Team ...Suleyman gazed through the audience on TV， hoping to catch a glimpse of Flora， but he never could.可知，Suleyman观看1984年夏季奥运会是因为Flora可能在看比赛。
7.A　细节理解题。根据第四段中的For one and a half years， Flora and Suleyman became inseparable可知，一年半的时间里，Flora和Suleyman形影不离。
8.C　标题归纳题。根据文章内容可知，本文讲述了一个美国士兵在第一次世界大战期间救了一个法国小女孩，两人在一年半的时间里形影不离，后因故分开，最后又取得了联系的故事。由此可知，C项（失而复得的爱）适合作本文最佳标题。
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。“我”和同事们在诺曼底登陆纪念日前夕带领学生开展游学活动，引导学生感悟英勇顽强、奉献牺牲的精神。
9.D　细节理解题。根据第一、二段内容可知，二十多年来，作者都会带学生来到奥马哈海滩开展游学活动。
10.D　推理判断题。根据第三段中的Tears well up in my eyes at the memory of my father， who flew for 30 missions over France and Germany in the spring and summer of 1944.可知，作者的父亲在第二次世界大战期间曾执行了30次飞行任务。由此推断，作者的父亲二战期间在空军服役。
11.B　推理判断题。根据第五段中的“Bloody Omaha” was the deadliest beach of the landings.以及第六段中的Our students understand the sacrifices made that day and the cost of war， both humans and materials.可知，此次战争十分惨烈，美国人作出了巨大的牺牲。由此可知，列数字是为了表明美国人在这次任务中的牺牲。
12.B　推理判断题。根据第六段中的Pandemics，pollution and the threat of climate change present challenges that no previous generation has faced.可知，作者认为，年轻一代身处的世界充满挑战，发生了很多重大事件，变故也很多。peaceful和平的；eventful多变故的；fast-changing快速变化的；fully-globalized完全全球化的。
Ⅱ.
语篇解读：本文是一篇新闻报道。谢瑞·罗森布卢姆致力于宣传犹太游击队员反抗纳粹暴行的历史故事，为当代青少年呈现出不同于以往的历史视角。
13.F　F项提到的the violent act of Nazi camps与该空后一句提到的It was like watching a horror movie.相呼应，指出主人公谢瑞·罗森布卢姆和其他孩子一样受到的战争教育强化了纳粹的暴行和犹太人的软弱，符合语境。
14.D　根据空后一句可知，谢瑞向学生们宣扬犹太人反抗希特勒屠杀计划的历史，D项提到她努力讲述这段历史的不同部分，与上文It was totally the wrong way to be introduced to it相呼应，符合语境。
15.A　根据下文Some partisans were even younger.可知，许多游击队员是年轻人，故A项符合语境。
16.E　根据下文learning about this as a young Jew makes me feel proud to be Jewish可知，了解这些历史故事让犹太学生产生民族自豪感。因此，分享这些历史故事对犹太学生来说是极有用的，故E项符合语境。
17.G　该空后提到了这些历史给非犹太学生的三个启示，这与G项中的three things相呼应。
Section Ⅱ　Using language
基础知识自测
维度一
1.is　2.are　3.was bought　4.are； are　5.was bought
6.was/were　7.has been； are
维度二
1.There are various means
2.is one of my favorite subjects
3.is enough
4.are searching for
5.were having dinner
6.have passed； is really a long time
维度三
1.were　2.were　3.is　4.was　5.is　6.is covered　7.are
素养能力提升
Ⅰ.
语篇解读：本文是一篇新闻报道。文章讲述了Kateryna Shcherbyna为处于战乱、缺粮少食的马匹运送粮草的故事。
1.C　细节理解题。根据第一段中的horses were having trouble getting grain and hay可知，由于战乱导致运输不畅，Shcherbyna 的马匹缺少粮草。
2.B　细节理解题。根据第三段中的Shcherbyna came up with an idea to get a small bus to at least bring small amounts of feed to each stable.可知， Shcherbyna打算通过少量多次的办法来运输粮草。
3.A　观点态度题。根据第四段中的the only way to be safe was to release horses and get away as fast as possible ... There were military actions可推知，Shcherbyna认为一些马的主人放生马匹并逃跑，这在战乱期间是可以理解的选择。
4.C　细节理解题。根据末段中的Shcherbyna， who is hoping to find a horse-related position abroad可知，Shcherbyna未来想要去国外找一份和马有关的工作。
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了奥迪·墨菲在一次战役中的英勇行为。
5.B　细节理解题。根据第二段内容可知，在这次战役前墨菲已经获得了很多奖。
6.D　细节理解题。根据第三段第一句和As they ran for cover可知，墨菲让他的部队撤退到有掩护的地方。
7.C　细节理解题。根据第五段最后两句可知，墨菲身边的烟雾和战火使得敌军看不到他，因此他才得以幸存。
8.C　推理判断题。根据末段中的Reliving the horrors of combat in front of the camera proved difficult for Murphy，who had suffered from nightmares and flashbacks since returning home.可知，战后墨菲在精神上饱受折磨。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章探讨了特洛伊战争到底是神话还是真实的历史事件。
9.D　词义猜测题。根据画线部分前的内容可知，作者在阅读一本由多位伟大作家翻译的古代故事书时惊讶地发现，特洛伊战争的故事随处可见。众多作家都受到感动，翻译了这则古典神话的各种版本。由此可推知，画线部分指的是特洛伊战争能够“触动很多人的心弦”。
10.A　推理判断题。通读第二段可知，人们相信特洛伊战争是真实发生过的，这一点并不奇怪。由荷马创作的古希腊史诗《伊利亚特》描述了残酷的战争场景，那些描述如此果敢，让人很难相信它们不是基于观察来进行描写的。荷马对特洛伊古城的描述非常生动，仿佛把读者带入了这座古城。由此推知，《伊利亚特》中描述的特洛伊战争故事太过逼真。
11.B　细节理解题。根据第三段中的It was in fact ... the late 19th century.可知，事实上，在19世纪后期，正是因为有发现特洛伊古城的可能性，普鲁士富商海因里希·施里曼才前往希沙里克。
12.A　标题归纳题。通读全文可知，第一段首先介绍了特洛伊战争的故事引起了大家的共鸣，其中一个原因就是一直有人怀疑那场战争是真实发生过的；第二段和第三段介绍了很多人认为特洛伊战争是真实历史事件的原因；最后一段指出，实际情况与荷马描写的情况可能大不相同，但不论事实如何，特洛伊战争都具有特殊的历史意义。因此A项为本文最佳标题。
Ⅱ.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了主人公Alia Baker是一名图书管理员，在战争中，她在朋友的帮助下，先后两次转移图书，竭尽全力保护图书安全的故事。
13.A　根据上文可知，Alia Baker是图书管理员，热爱书籍的人应该是在她的图书馆见面，分享知识。meeting会面的；working工作上的；personal私人的；religious宗教的。
14.A　根据语境可知，当战争临近时，她担心战火会毁了这些书。worried担心的；angry生气的；doubtful怀疑的；curious好奇的。
15.B　Alia Baker担心战火会毁了这些书，由此可知，书在她心中是珍贵的，甚至比金山更珍贵。practical实际的；precious珍贵的；reliable可信赖的；expensive昂贵的。
16.A　根据下文but they refused可知，想要把书移到一个安全的地方，是需要得到政府的许可的。permission准许；confirmation证实；explanation解释；information信息。
17.D　根据上文可知，战争临近，Alia Baker担心战火会毁了这些书。由此可推断，她是想把书转移到一个安全的地方。large大的；public公共的；distant遥远的；safe安全的。
18.D　上文提到她请求政府准许把这些书移到一个安全的地方，但是他们拒绝了。所以她应该是秘密地做转移书的事情。fortunately幸运地；surprisingly令人惊讶地；seriously严肃地；secretly秘密地。
19.D　根据上文Her friends came to help her when the war broke out.可知，她的朋友来帮助她。由此可推断，Anis同意帮助她藏一些书。并且下文提到他们把书从图书馆里运出来，然后藏到餐馆里。intend打算；pretend假装；happen发生；agree同意。
20.C　根据语境可知，他们应该是先从图书馆取出书，越过七英尺高的墙，再传递给外面的人，才能把书运出去。put放；open打开；pass传递；throw扔。
21.A　根据上文Anis who owned a restaurant 　19　 to hide some books.可知，他们把书藏在餐馆里。hide藏；exchange交换；burn燃烧；distribute分配。
22.C　根据上文The books stayed hidden可知，书一直藏着，战争一直在持续。approach接近；erupt爆发；continue持续；end结束。
23.B　根据文章最后一句可知，Alia梦想着和平和一个新图书馆。由此可推断，之前的图书馆被烧毁了。restaurant餐馆；library图书馆；city城市；wall墙。
24.B　下文提到她雇了一辆卡车，把所有的书转移到郊区的朋友家。根据常识推断，只有轰炸停止了，士兵们离开了，Alia才有机会去转移书。neighbour邻居；soldier士兵；friend朋友；customer顾客。
25.D　下文提到她把书转移到郊区的朋友家，由此可推断出，此处应该是书被再次移动。sell卖；read读；save拯救；move移动。
26.C　根据上文One day， the bombing stopped and the 　24　 left.可知，轰炸停止了，士兵们离开了，城市此时应该是安静的。occupied被占领的；bombed烂醉如泥的；quiet安静的；busy忙碌的。
27.A　根据上文可知，一场大火把图书馆夷为平地，所以她一定是梦想着和平和一个新图书馆。dream of梦想；believe in相信；care about关心；look for寻找。
Ⅲ.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一部以抗日战争为背景的国产电影《黄河绝恋》。
28.a　考查冠词。story 是可数名词，此处泛指一个关于爱、勇气和决心的故事，且空后powerful的发音以辅音音素开头，故填不定冠词 a。
29.separated　考查非谓语动词。separate 和 a young couple 存在逻辑上的动宾关系，应用过去分词作定语。故填separated。
30.vividly　考查词形转换。根据空后的动词shows可知，本空应用副词形式。故填vividly。
31.With　考查介词。空处在句中作状语，意为“利用……”。故填With。
32.bravery　考查词形转换。根据空前的定冠词the及空后的of Chinese soldiers可知，本空应用名词 bravery作宾语。
33.to defend　考查非谓语动词。空处作目的状语，应用动词不定式形式，故填to defend。
34.courageous　考查词形转换。本空修饰名词spirit 作定语，应用形容词courageous，意为“勇往直前的精神”。
35.who　考查定语从句。句中先行词为表示“人”的代词 those，需用 who 引导限制性定语从句。
36.stands　考查动词的时态和主谓一致。本句的主语是the strength of love，且表示客观事实，应用一般现在时的第三人称单数形式。
37.has been touching　考查动词的时态。根据句中的时间状语ever since it first appeared on the screen 可知，此处需用现在完成时，另外根据 this influence will surely continue on and on 可知，这种影响将会继续下去，需用进行时态。故填has been touching。
Section Ⅲ　Developing ideas
基础知识自测
维度一
1.academic　2.representatives　3.peers　4.bombs
5.anniversary　6.rough　7.grain　8.emerge
维度二
1.collective　2.intellectually　3.academic　4.irrelevant
5.aggression　6.dedication　7.glorious　8.invader
维度三
1.a large sum of money
2.relevant to
3.fought against
4.It is no wonder that
5.Not only do the nurses demand a pay rise
维度四
1.joined　2.known　3.with　4.better　5.by　6.Driven　7.to fight　8.physically　9.talented　10.contribution
素养能力提升
Ⅰ.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者作为一个支持和平的艺术家的经历和感受。
1.D　推理判断题。根据第二段中的My trips to Baghdad standing for peace caused huge stress for my family and me.可知，让作者感到有压力的是他对和平的大力支持。
2.A　细节理解题。根据第三段中的I wanted to create something ...in Hudson’s Hope.可知，作者创作Peace Image的原因是想要创造出一件更为长久的作品。
3.C　观点态度题。根据第四段中的For more than 50 years now，I’ve felt pleased to be able to express myself through my art.可推出，作者对自己的艺术作品是满意的。
4.A　标题归纳题。文章为“总—分—总”结构，第一段点明文章主旨，讲述了作者是一位支持和平的艺术家，再结合下文内容可知，本文主要讲述了这位艺术家在维护和平方面的经历和感受。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。对于历史事件的考证不能仅凭文字记录，要注重文字记录和实物相互印证，以帮助我们重现真实的历史。
5.A　段落大意题。根据第一段内容可知，如果你想讲述整个世界的历史，你就不能仅依靠文字。因为文字是人类的后期成果之一，直到最近甚至许多有文字的社会不仅用文字，还用实物来记载对他们重要的事情。所以此段是说过去的历史事件应结合文字和实物来呈现。
6.D　推理判断题。根据第二段首句以及该段最后一句可知，库克船长的记录是片面的。
7.B　词义猜测题。根据第三段中的a history told through things gives them back a voice和本段最后两句可知，only one half of a dialogue与other half of that conversation呼应，共同构成更客观的历史全貌。由此可知，conversation指的是历史。
8.C　推理判断题。根据全文内容可知，本文讲述的重点是强调历史实物考证的重要性，故本文最可能选自《100件实物中的世界历史》。
语篇解读：本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讨论了人类是否能够防范战争的问题。
9.B　细节理解题。根据第二段中的it is still my belief that war can be prevented and peace can be won， but it requires the effort of every one of us可知，在作者看来，和平可以通过全人类的努力来赢得。
10.A　推理判断题。根据第四至六段内容可知，作者设想在将来，人类将武器和资源用于改善人民的生活，因而“乐观”一词可以最好地描述作者想象的画面。
11.C　推理判断题。根据第五段内容可知，军事设备可用于和平用途。
12.C　标题归纳题。通读全文可知，文章主要论述了防范战争的可能性以及为了和平我们该怎么办。因此C项（战争与和平）最适合作文章标题。
Ⅱ.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一些在第一次世界大战期间出现的新事物，如夏令时、血库、好莱坞以及整形手术等。
13.A　空后提到：协约国很快也采用了夏令时。A项（德国人在1916年率先采用了夏令时）与下文衔接紧密，且都在描述一战时的情况，符合语境。
14.C　空后的连词but表转折，且提到在一战之前医生们很少给病人输血。C项（输血起始于17世纪）与but后内容形成转折关系，符合语境。
15.B　空前提到：由于很多欧洲国家处于战火之中，欧洲电影业的规模也急剧缩减。B项（那给美国人打开了大门）与上文形成因果关系，符合语境。
16.E　空后提到：英国的军医Harold Gillies和他的同事们给很多在战争中受伤的士兵做手术，这些手术大部分针对因枪击导致面部受伤的士兵。E项（第一次世界大战让许多士兵留下伤疤、落下残疾）引出下文，符合语境。
17.F　空前提到：英国的军医Harold Gillies和他的同事们给很多在战争中受伤的士兵做手术，这些手术大部分针对因枪击导致面部受伤的士兵。F项（Gillies作为现代整形外科手术之父而出名）与上文形成因果关系，符合语境。
Ⅲ.
　　Qiu Shaoyun， a soldier in the People’s Liberation Army during the early 1950s， displayed extraordinary heroism in the Korean War when he chose to endure fatal burns to protect his comrades.
　　Qiu sacrificed his life for the revolutionary cause at the young age of 26， and his spirit was immortalized.His story reminds us that the cost of war is immense and that the preservation of peace is something everyone should strive for. As we admire his courage and loyalty， we are inspired to cherish peace and go for a harmonious world.
Section Ⅳ　Writing about a war hero
Ⅰ.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Sharon Estill Taylor的父亲在二战中牺牲，随着柏林墙的倒塌，Taylor最终找回父亲的遗骸的故事。
1.C　推理判断题。根据第二段第一句可知，祖母给了Taylor一个银盒子，里面装着父母从高中到1945年的大约450封手写信件。由此可推知，Taylor的父母过去经常给对方写信。
2.B　细节理解题。根据第三段第一句可知，随着柏林墙的倒塌，Taylor有可能参观潜在的坠机地点。由此可知，一开始德国还没有统一，这阻止了Taylor寻找父亲的遗骸。
3.D　推理判断题。根据倒数第二段内容可知，Taylor广泛地分享了她的故事，提高了人们对那些永远不会从战争中回来的士兵以及找回士兵遗骸工作的重要性的认识。据估计，仍有81，000名在过去战争中死亡的美国军人的遗体下落不明，但幸运的是，人们一直在努力寻找阵亡军人，并为他们的家人带来安慰。由此可推知，Taylor想让别人知道她的故事是因为她想证明找回英雄遗骸的可能性。
4.B　标题归纳题。通读全文可知，文章主要讲述了Taylor的父亲在二战中牺牲，随着柏林墙的倒塌，Taylor最终找回父亲的遗骸的故事。因此B项（让英雄回家）最适合作文章标题。
语篇解读：本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。成年人应该以身作则，通过自己的行动向年轻人示范正确的冲突解决方式。
5.B　细节理解题。根据第一段中的the root of the conflict we are trying to address is much deeper and needs to include more people in the conversations 可知，学校在调解过程中发现冲突通常不仅仅涉及学生本人，还可能涉及其他家庭成员。因此，需要拓展对话范围以深入解决冲突根源。
6.D　推理判断题。根据第二段中的During the beginning parts of the mediation， some of the adults in the room started to become heated and defensive ...a grandmother and one of the moms.可知，在调解初期，房间里的一些成年人情绪激动，都在为自己的孩子辩解。一场冲突在一位祖母和一位妈妈之间发生了。由此可推知，那位祖母和那位妈妈当时都很生气。
7.B　细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的They left the room together and as the adults watched from the window， they hugged each other and apologized.可知，孩子们走出房间后，模仿着大人们的样子，相拥在一起并向彼此道歉。
8.B　标题归纳题。根据最后一段并结合文中的案例可知，本文意在传达：成年人的言行举止会对青少年产生重要的影响。成年人应该以身作则，通过示范告诉年轻人如何正确解决冲突，从而在潜移默化中改变他们的行为方式。因此B项为本文的最佳标题。
Ⅱ.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了二战老兵彼得·戴维斯在妻子去世之后，在女儿的建议下去当地小学当志愿者，与孩子们的接触让他重新找到了生活的意义，也因此成为名人。
9.A　根据he felt like “almost soul”可以推断，此处指他在坦白自己内心的感受，当结婚72年的妻子6年前去世时，彼得 戴维斯承认他觉得自己几乎成了魂灵。admit承认；接纳；suspect怀疑；猜想；prove证明；证实；argue争论；辩论。
10.B　根据语境可知，妻子的去世让彼得·戴维斯内心非常难过，所以女儿建议他去努力寻找新的人生目标。refuse拒绝；struggle挣扎；斗争；regret遗憾；后悔；pretend假装。
11.B　根据下文Peter chose to 　15　 at a primary school， and he was a huge 　16　 with all of the children he tutored.可知，彼得·戴维斯接受了女儿的建议，决定去当地小学帮忙。fail失败；determine决定；request要求；forget遗忘。
12.A　根据上文I was married for 72 years， and when my wife died可知，妻子的去世让生活发生了显著的变化。dramatically剧烈地；明显地；temporarily暂时地；casually随意地；secretly秘密地。
13.D　根据上文The 100-year-old man from Macclesfield， England 　10　 to find new purpose in his life可知，女儿希望彼得能够重新发现生活的意义所在，找到生活的目标，做一些他有能力做的事情。information信息；creation创造；affection 喜爱；爱慕；meaning意义。
14.C　参见上题解析。afraid害怕；tired疲惫的；厌倦的；capable胜任的；ashamed羞愧的。
15.D　根据上文so when his daughter suggested he offer his help at the local elementary school， he 　11　 to go for it可知，女儿鼓励他到当地的一所小学去帮忙，即做志愿者。study学习；研究；perform表演；表现；实施；investigate调查；volunteer自愿做。
16.C　根据语境可知，彼得很受孩子们的欢迎。star星星；明星；scholar学者；hit很受欢迎的人；model模式；模型；模特。
17.B　根据空后的reading into a fun game可知，彼得将阅读变成了孩子们喜欢的游戏。expand扩展；扩大；transform使改变形态；recover恢复；compare比较。
18.C　根据as a grandfatherly figure made him feel more connected to his community than ever before可知，彼得的到来对于孩子们来说是作为爷爷般的新身份。responsibility责任；challenge挑战；status地位；身份；mission使命。
19.D　根据下文彼得说的话可知，此处指的是彼得对于孩子们的表现很满意，称赞孩子们很棒。assistant助手；助理；instructor指导者；applicant申请人；kid儿童；小孩。
20.A　根据下文I’m part of it.可知，在彼得看来自己是这个社会的一分子。belong to属于；object to反对；adapt to适应；reach to触及。
21.B　根据下文Wherever I go in the village， a child will shout “Hello， Mr Davies”. I feel 10 feet tall.可知，不管彼得出现在村子的什么地方，都会有孩子与他打招呼，由此可以看出他很受孩子们欢迎，即他的形象在孩子们眼中非常好。apparent明显的；tremendous巨大的；极好的；flexible灵活的；particular特定的；挑剔的。
22.C　根据with a British Empire Medal （BEM） on television with the youngest recipient， 18-year-old Dara McAnulty可知，彼得被授予了大英帝国勋章（BEM）。remark评论；accompany陪同；honour尊重；授予荣誉；impress给……以印象；使铭记。
23.D　Dara McAnulty 18岁就获得了大英帝国勋章（BEM），所以彼得为他感到高兴。concerned担心的；关心的；respectful恭敬的；有礼貌的；embarrassed尴尬的；delighted高兴的。
Ⅲ.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了加拿大医师亨利·诺尔曼·白求恩对医学和中国的贡献和帮助，以及中国对他的怀念和赞扬。
24.determination　考查名词。根据介词with和不定冠词a可知，空处应用单数名词作宾语。
25.graduating/graduation　考查非谓语动词或名词。介词after后应用动词-ing形式或名词作宾语。
26.more　考查形容词的比较级。根据上文He reinvented or redesigned over 10 medical instruments可知，重新发明或设计的10多种医疗器械应该是更好用，应用形容词的比较级作宾语补足语。
27.Despite　考查介词。由（assist） the Chinese people和the difficult situation可知，前后构成让步关系，且空后是名词短语，所以此处应用介词despite表示“尽管”，首字母应大写。
28.to assist　考查非谓语动词。根据句意可知，此处应用动词不定式作目的状语。
29.taught　考查动词的时态。teach和helped，showed （一般过去时）是并列谓语动词，所以空处也应用一般过去时。
30.a　考查冠词。此处泛指“一个独特的人物”，unique的发音以辅音音素开头，所以用不定冠词a。
31.are used　考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。结合时间状语now可知，时态应用一般现在时，又因主语Some of the surgical tools和谓语动词use是被动关系，所以用一般现在时的被动语态；主语Some of the surgical tools是复数形式，因此谓语应用复数形式。
32.Sadly　考查副词。修饰后面的整个句子，应用副词，位于句首，首字母应大写。
33.which　考查定语从句。此处是“介词＋关系代词”引导的非限制性定语从句，先行词是an article，指物，在从句中作介词in的宾语，应用关系代词which。
Ⅳ.
　　Seeing Charlie won first prize in 100 meters， Bill felt very bad and then made a decision. Soon it was the time for the sack race. Bill showed up on the track early， thinking he would spare no effort in this game to beat Charlie. When the race began， Bill glanced at Charlie next to him and said，“I will beat you definitely.” Then Bill jumped forward with all his strength at his first attempt. Slowly Charlie was left behind， but suddenly Bill tripped and fell onto the ground.When Charlie came to him， he found Bill’s ankle was bleeding and he couldn’t get up.
　　Charlie then took Bill to the school doctor who tended his injured leg. Charlie didn’t go back and gave up the race at last. Looking at Charlie， Bill lowered his head full of shame. After a while， he opened his mouth and said sincerely，“I’m sorry. I know I was wrong and beg for your forgiveness.” Charlie responded immediately with a smile，“From today on we will be friends forever.” So since that day Bill has changed completely.
UNIT 4　A glimpse of the future
Section Ⅰ　Starting out & Understanding ideas
基础知识自测
维度一
1.assistants　2.victims　3.capacity　4.regulate　5.artificial
6.leaped　7.humanity　8.automation
维度二
1.illegal　2.immoral 　3.existence 　4.regulations
5.capacity　6.potentially　7.analysis　8.assistance
维度三
1.hang out
2.in contrast to
3.had no choice but to
4.happen to
5.Thanks to
6.either a camera or a mobile phone
7.If so
维度四
1.existence　2.convenient　3.built　4.immediately
5.preferences　6.solving　7.but　8.is prepared　9.into　10.to embrace
素养能力提升
Ⅰ.
语篇解读：本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要介绍了Glass Health公司如何利用人工智能技术改变医疗行业，以及该技术的用户增长情况。文章还提到了独立研究人员对该技术的担忧和Paul的回应。
1.D　细节理解题。根据第一段中的These firms believe ... and improve the patient-doctor relationship.可知，Glass Health目前的项目可以减轻医生每天面临的文书工作压力，并改善医患关系。
2.A　观点态度题。根据第二段中Pearse Keane说的话可知，Pearse Keane教授对医学领域最新的人工智能技术感到兴奋，但是他认为任何涉及患者健康决策的事情都应该非常谨慎地对待。也就是说他对此抱有客观的态度。
3.D　推理判断题。根据第四段最后一句可知，为了确保Glass AI的可靠性，Paul的公司要求Glass AI的人工智能系统使用由人类医生编写的虚拟医学教科书作为主要的事实来源，而不是从原始的ChatGPT信息库中工作。也就是说以人类的智慧作为医学实践的基础。
4.A　推理判断题。根据最后一段内容可推断出，越来越多的人开始选择Glass AI。由此可知，Glass Health的市场潜力巨大。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。一些人担心，人工智能工具正在把语言学习变成一种弱化的追求，文章对这种现象进行了介绍。
5.D　段落大意题。根据第一段中的Some are concerned that AI tools are turning language learning into a weakening pursuit.和第二段内容可知，前两段主要是讲人工智能工具削弱了语言学习的需求。
6.A　观点态度题。根据第三段中的He describes giving a broken， difficult speech in Chinese， which required a lot of work but offered a sense of satisfaction at the end.可知，道格拉斯对语言学习持支持态度。
7.D　细节理解题。根据第四段最后一句可知，第四段中的第二组缺乏学习语言的动力。
8.A　推理判断题。根据最后一段第二至四句可知，作者在最后一段中通过举例来强调自己的观点。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了目前人们对人工智能的炒作感到恐慌的现状。国际政界人士和监管机构聚集在布莱切利公园参加为期两天的人工智能安全会议，一起讨论如何减轻未来的这些风险。
9.A　推理判断题。根据第一、二段内容可知，克莱格会提到20世纪80年代的道德恐慌是为了提出对人工智能不必要的担忧。
10.C　推理判断题。根据第二段内容可知，克莱格的话表明人们应该理性对待人工智能的发展。
11.A　词义猜测题。根据第四段中的TSection Ⅲ　Developing ideas
维度一：品句填词
1.More people who lived in cities and suburbs said they wanted to try driverless cars than those who lived in 　　　　　　（农村的） areas.
2.Everyone should be entitled to a 　　　　　　（相当好的） standard of living.
3.Nick 　　　　　　（获得） admission to become a member of the club last year.
4.In some countries， the more respect you want to show， the deeper you should 　　　　　　（鞠躬）.
5.A small town in New Zealand has announced an unusual plan to ban 　　　　　　（家养的） cats.
6.She was 　　　　　　（不情愿的） to admit she was wrong.
7.As we all know， blue represents freedom， p　　　　　　 and peace.
8.The president stated that all foreign forces would w　　　　　　 as soon as the crisis ended.
9.I can’t e　　　　　　 his ability without seeing his work.
10.We have to r　　　　　　 ourselves to the reality since we can do nothing.
维度二：词形转换
1.Calmly and 　　　　　　（deliberate）， she cut up his suits one by one.
2.White also appeals due to its association with innocence and 　　　　　　（pure）.
3.　　　　　　 （superficial）， they are on good terms with each other， but actually they hold widely divergent opinions on some issues.
4.For many such families， getting a child into university was the 　　　　　　（fulfill） of a lifelong dream.
5.Emmeline was an 　　　　　　（influence） woman activist， who helped British women get the right to vote.
6.So absorbed were we in being with them that we didn’t realize it was time for 　　　　　　（depart）.
7.The government’s 　　　　　　（reject） of the plans is a setback for us.
8.We need to carry out a proper 　　　　　　（evaluate） of the new system.
9.Plant breeders declared it to be one of the 　　　　（botany） finds of the century.
10.This standard is easily 　　　　　　（attain） by most students.
维度三：固定搭配和句式
1.We 　　　　　　　　（反对） killing animals and hope that nobody will buy animal fur products.
2.　　　　　　　　 （作为……的回报） your help， I invite you to spend the weekend with my family.
3.He is not easy to get along with， and I never 　　　　　　　　　　　　　（和他在一起感到自在）.
4.This is 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　（同我上周丢失的那支钢笔一样）.
5.For fear of being laughed at， Tom has decided to 　　　　　　　　（退出） the competition.
6.She was not a woman who 　　　　　　　　　（听任） fate， so she gained respect from others.
7.You can’t control what happens but you can control your 　　　　　　　　　　（对……的反应） it.
8.Boys often overestimate their abilities 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　（而女孩缺乏自信）.
维度四：课文语法填空
Although separated in time by nearly 1，500 years， both Tao Yuanming and Henry David Thoreau 1.　　　　　　 （share） an intense respect for nature.Feeling conflicted over life at court， in 405， Tao quit the service of the court for good， 2.　　　　　　 （express） his unhappiness in his poems， finding contentment in its simplicity and in drawing pleasure from nature.3.　　　　　 （similar）， Thoreau wanted to live in a simpler way， focusing on 4.　　　　　　（him） and his writing.While they did not treat nature in quite the same way， their 5.　　　　　　（work） show its beauty and value.Tao’s nature is a place of fields and villages while Thoreau’s descriptions of nature emphasised the beauty and 6.　　　　　　 （pure） of the wild areas around him.The calm and peaceful life Tao wrote about is in contrast to and critical of the depressive court life.On 7.　　　　　　 other hand， Thoreau’s writing aimed to convince people that animals and plants had a right to live and prosper，8.　　　　　　 we do.We should live with them in harmony and enjoy nature’s gifts.During their times， it took great courage 9.　　　　　　 （reject） the easy and familiar and instead try to live closer to nature.Nowadays， their ideas about living simply and being at ease with nature are still valued by those 10.　　　　　　 want personal well-being and fulfilment.
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
　　（2024·湖北荆州八县高二上期末）Each year， my kindergarten students in Armour， South Dakota， learn to identify hundreds of birds by sight and more than 50 species by their song or call.It started out simply enough.Bird-watching is my hobby， so about six years ago， I started sharing my love for birds with my students.I’ve always felt like it’s important to get kids outside and away from so many screens， and I consider this doing my part.And guess what？ They absolutely love it！
　　Kindergartners are pretty amazing at identifying birds， especially by their songs.I find that younger children are naturally tuned into nature and have great curiosity about it.This became quite obvious once I began teaching about birds.You wouldn’t believe how easily these 5-year-olds learn to identify different species.
　　With every year that I’ve done this， the kids immediately get hooked.Then we have this common passion to share and build on it throughout the year.I’ve found that my students’ love of birds is a great way to get them more interested in writing， reading and story problems in maths.
　　So how do I do it？ With identification （识别）， I use a flash-card approach.We also use a Bird Bingo game that the kids love.Then I introduce one or two bird songs a day.Learning about bird songs is a lot like learning a foreign language.It teaches students to think in a different way by learning to recognize different sounds.The best part is that it makes them more aware of nature and which birds are in their area.
　　If you want to try teaching bird songs to your students， I’d suggest starting with the common backyard birds.Check out the All About Birds website， where you can look up the species， find photos and even play the bird songs right there！
1.What inspired the author to start teaching kindergartners about birds？（　　）
A.His love for bird-watching.
B.The science teaching standards.
C.The students’ curiosity about nature.
D.The students’ talent in identifying birds.
2.How did the author feel about his students’ speed of learning to identify birds？（　　）
A.Annoyed. B.Amazed.
C.Disappointed. D.Discouraged.
3.What does the underlined word “hooked” in Paragraph 3 mean？（　　）
A.Interested. B.Challenged.
C.Encouraged. D.Praised.
4.How does the author teach kindergartners to learn to identify different bird species？（　　）
A.By listening to bird songs.
B.By studying bird photos on a website.
C.Through writing and reading exercises.
D.Through flash cards and a Bird Bingo game.
B
　　（2024·广东广州高二上期末）One old-school gardening belief is that it is inadvisable — even risky — to have plants in the bedroom.This centers around the claim that while plants take in carbon dioxide and release oxygen in the day， at night this is reversed （相反）， so they compete with us for the very air we breathe while asleep.
　　Indoor air quality is indeed affected by CO2 build-up， which has proven health implications， providing a clear basis for concern.However， assessing whether sharing our bedroom with plants truly jeopardizes our health involves three key considerations.
　　Firstly， how much CO2 do plants release at night compared with what they absorb in the day？ This proves complex due to varying factors like species， light exposure， and room temperature and the research on the precise measurements is pretty thin on the ground.Thankfully， a 2015 study found that sizeable houseplants enclosed in glass boxes manage to absorb six to eight times as much CO2 in the day as they give off at night， creating a pretty significant net reduction over a 24-hour period.
　　Secondly， it’s essential to compare the nighttime impact of plants on air quality with that of other potential competitors， such as your roommates.A single human breath contains roughly 40，000 ppm of CO2， over 10 times the effect a plant could have in 8 hours.Consequently， it might be wiser to kick out your roommates before your plants.
　　Finally， and this may seem apparent， our living spaces differ from the controlled environments in research studies.Indoor air is constantly being exchanged naturally through openings like doors and windows， and human movement.A recent review suggests that reproducing the air-refreshing impact of an open window would require between 100 and 1，000 plants per square meter of floor space， considering plants’ pollution-removing abilities.
　　So enjoy houseplants whenever you like， because， frankly， if sleeping near plants were bad for your health， camping in a forest would be positively deadly.
5.What does the underlined word “jeopardizes” in Paragraph 2 probably mean？（　　）
A.Threatens. B.Changes.
C.Improves. D.Suspends.
6.What does the author think of having plants in the bedroom？（　　）
A.It is a health risk that requires immediate action.
B.It is a dangerous practice that should be avoided.
C.It is not as concerning as believed and can be enjoyed.
D.It is beneficial only if proper air exchanging is ensured.
7.How does the author illustrate the nighttime impact of bedroom plants？（　　）
A.By citing examples.
B.By giving definitions.
C.By quoting researches.
D.By making comparisons.
8.Why does the author mention camping in a forest at the end of the passage？（　　）
A.To highlight the risks of sleeping outdoors.
B.To suggest that sleeping near plants is dangerous.
C.To promote forest camping as a healthy alternative.
D.To emphasize the safety of having plants in the bedroom.
C
　　（2024·广西南宁高二上期末）Despite heavy illegal hunting of rhinos， South Africa’s Kruger National Park is still a natural paradise.One of the largest remaining lion populations in Africa lives there.Yet there is something the local animals fear even more than the big cats.
　　Liana Zanette of Western University in Ontario and her colleagues were able to show that animals react most strongly to human voices and flee in response.For their experiment， the team placed camera traps and loudspeakers at water holes in the national park， which allowed the researchers to influence and record the behavior of a total of 19 mammal species.They played the animals sounds of normal conversations of humans in four South African languages， dogs barking， gunshots and lion sounds.
　　The study group found that animals were twice as likely to flee and vacated an area faster when they heard human voices than when they heard lions or gunshots.This was true for 95 per cent of the animal species observed， including giraffes， leopards， hyenas， zebras， kudu， warthogs， impalas and rhinos.Only elephants were significantly more likely to run from lions than from humans.
　　The same was true of the time that animals spent at water holes： they usually stayed longer when lion sounds were played to them than when human voices were heard.Wild dogs， leopards and buffalo were the only animals who stayed at water holes longer when they heard humans， and the difference was not statistically significant for these species.“There is a notion that animals get used to humans when they are not being hunted.But we’ve shown that’s not the case，” Clinchy says.“Fear of humans is deeply rooted and common， so we need to seriously address it for conservation reasons.”
　　The team is now investigating whether its customized sound systems can be used to help endangered species， such as the southern white rhino， away from known poaching （偷猎） areas in South Africa.Initial tests of keeping rhinos away from such areas through the use of human voices have been successful.
9.What can we know about South Africa’s Kruger National Park？（　　）
A.Rhinos are effectively protected in the park.
B.Lions are the biggest threat for local animals.
C.Human voices cause fear in the local wildlife.
D.It is a natural paradise without illegal hunting.
10.What does the underlined word “vacated” in Paragraph 3 probably mean？（　　）
A.Occupied. B.Left.
C.Encountered. D.Filled.
11.What did researchers find about animals’ reaction to different sounds？（　　）
A.Elephants are more afraid of humans than lions.
B.Giraffes react most strongly to lions or gunshots.
C.Rhinos were more likely to run from lions than gunshots.
D.Wild dogs stayed at water holes longer when hearing humans.
12.What is the best title for the text？（　　）
A.Human Voices： a Surprising Deep-rooted Fear in Wildlife
B.Lions： the Primary Source of Threat for the Local Animals
C.Lion Sounds： the Potential Use for Wildlife Protection
D.Humans： the Impact on Decreasing Rhino Population
Ⅱ.应用文写作
　　（2024·重庆高二上期末）假定你是李华，你的美国笔友Johnson给你发来邮件，询问你最钦佩的科学家是谁。请你用英语给他回复一封邮件，内容包括：
1.对钦佩对象的简介；
2.钦佩他/她的原因；
3.他/她对你的影响。
注意：1.写作词数应为80左右；
2.请按如下格式作答。
Dear Johnson，
Best regards，
Li Hua
5 / 5Section Ⅳ　Writing about a lesson from nature
Ⅰ.阅读理解
　　（2024·海南琼海高二下月考）Scientists have shown that bees have some surprising maths skills.Now， new study shows that bees can even be trained to tell the difference between odd and even numbers.Before this， humans were the only animals known to have this ability.
　　In 2018， researchers in Australia discovered that bees could understand the idea of “zero”.The researchers were perplexed， since only a few animals， like dolphins， monkeys， and some birds， had shown that they understood zero.Later， the same scientists showed that bees could be trained to add and subtract （减）.
　　In the study， researchers divided honeybees into two control groups.They showed bees cards containing printed shapes that numbered from one to ten.One group was trained to fly to even-numbered cards， which earned them a sugar water treat if they successfully completed the task.If they flew to an odd-numbered card， they received a sour liquid.The second group had a similar approach， but the numbers were reversed （相反的）.An odd card would earn them a sweet treat and an even card would give them a sour liquid.Researchers continued this lesson until the bees succeeded at least 80% of the time.
　　Then， they added a new challenge.They had the bees choose between cards with 11 and 12 shapes on them.The bees had never seen these numbers in their training.Even so， they succeeded 70% of the time.
　　The reason for this study is that the scientists believe that studying bee brains might help us learn how to build better and faster computers.After all， a bee’s brain is about 86，000 times smaller than a human brain.How does it handle such complicated ideas？ Unless the brain structures for processing numbers aren’t so complicated.Then， the scientists built an extremely simple computer system with just five connections called neurons （神经元）， and they were able to train it to tell the difference between even and odd numbers up to 40.
1.What does the underlined word “perplexed” in Paragraph 2 mean？（　　）
A.Tolerant. B.Creative.
C.Puzzled. D.Discouraged.
2.How did the bees get their reward in the study？（　　）
A.By mixing the two drinks.
B.By drawing the right shapes.
C.By removing correct numbers.
D.By landing on specified cards.
3.What is the final goal of this study？（　　）
A.Finding potential technology innovations.
B.Teaching bees different means of learning.
C.Speeding the learning behavior of humans.
D.Training bees to serve mankind more easily.
4.What is the best title for the text？（　　）
A.Bees Calculate Numbers like Humans
B.Scientists Train Bees to Count Numbers
C.Odds and Evens Are Significant to Bees
D.Bees Can Learn Odd and Even Numbers
Ⅱ.完形填空
　　（2024·广东湛江高二上期末）In November 2020， a polar bear named Suka gave birth to several little ones， including Laerke.Laerke and her brothers and sisters were the first polar bears successfully born and 　5　 in the Detroit Zoo since 2004.
　　Days after her 　6　， Laerke became significantly inactive and appeared increasingly 　7　.She was sent off to the zoo’s health complex for 　8　， but by the time she returned home， her mom no longer 　9　 Laerke as her cub （小熊）.
　　Without having any other polar bear who would 　10　 her， she would have to go without a 　11　， or so they thought.　12　， that’s right when Jebbie needed a new home！ Jebbie， the baby grizzly bear was 　13　 all by himself helplessly in Tok， Alaska， when he was 　14　 and taken to the Detroit Zoo， where he and Laerke had been gradually getting to know each other.
　　After some time， Jebbie and Laerke became best 　15　！ The zookeepers have since posted pictures and videos of them playing， showing just how 　16　 they are.Together， they’re able to wrestle in the grassy tundra （苔原）， splash around in the freshwater or saltwater pools， and play with toys 　17　.
　　“We’re excited that we are able to give Jebbie a home and 　18　 a much-needed friend for Laerke，” said Scott， chief life sciences officer of the Detroit Zoo.“This social development is critically 　19　 for both Laerke and Jebbie.”
5.（　）A.found　　　　　 B.hurt
C.raised D.caught
6.（　）A.birth B.survival
C.escape D.return
7.（　）A.anxious B.weak
C.big D.excited
8.（　）A.entertainment B.development
C.experiment D.treatment
9.（　）A.understood B.recognized
C.forgave D.scared
10.（　）A.accept B.teach
C.depend on D.believe in
11.（　）A.companion B.meal
C.room D.toy
12.（　）A.Generally B.Sadly
C.Honestly D.Luckily
13.（　）A.crying B.wandering
C.hunting D.playing
14.（　）A.beaten B.examined
C.rescued D.shot
15.（　）A.examples B.friends
C.models D.witnesses
16.（　）A.lonely B.careful
C.lovely D.fearful
17.（　）A.crazily B.regretfully
C.happily D.hopefully
18.（　）A.provide B.recover
C.visit D.protect
19.（　）A.impossible B.dangerous
C.strange D.important
Ⅲ.读后续写
　　阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
　　（2024·四川眉山高二上期末）
How a Powerful Dream Taught Me to Respect My Sister
　　It was Friday about 4：15 pm.I had just gotten back from school； I sat down on a table to do my homework.“Hi， Mom.” “Daniela， I need to talk with you.” “About what？” “Your dad and I have been thinking really hard about this， and you are getting a new sister.” “What， but what about me？” I asked.“I don’t want a sister.Don’t you love me？” “Yes， but ...”
　　Without letting her finish， I rushed to my room crying.I closed my door and went to my bed.I had so much anger that I threw my glass cup on the floor.“What happened here？” Mom asked to herself.My mom came in a few minutes later.She said that the way I was acting wasn’t the right way to act.My mom started talking about how my new sister was having a really hard time.She said that her parents had unfortunately died in an earthquake， so she had to go to a foster （寄养的） home.A few days later， she got adopted by a family who treated her badly.They didn’t give her enough food or water and she had to do all the housework until one day she got tired of being treated poorly and escaped to a shelter， and that is where they found her.But whatever she said， I just couldn’t agree.
　　That night I had a terrible dream.I dreamed an earthquake happened and when the shaking stopped， my house and parents were nowhere to see.I became homeless and was brought to a farm， staying there with a horrible woman who never gave me food.Later I found an opportunity to run away from the farm.Then the woman ran after me and I ran harder till suddenly I opened my eyes， finding myself still on the bed.“OMG！ What just happened？” I asked myself， full of fear.
注意：1.续写词数应为150左右；
2.请按如下格式作答。
　　The dream changed me and I started to reflect on myself.
　　The next morning Dad drove alone to the shelter and brought my new sister home.
4 / 4Section Ⅱ　Using language
维度一：基础题型练
单句语法填空
1.It is no use 　　　　　　（operate） on the sick man now； he should have been sent here early.
2.　　　　　　 （go） abroad for a visit and settling down abroad are two different things.
3.Rachel’s father’s job is 　　　　　　（teach） maths in a high school.
4.In April， thousands of holidaymakers remained 　　　　　　（stick） abroad due to the volcanic ash cloud.
5.We all rely on it that respecting others is 　　　　（respect） ourselves.
6.Pahlsson and her husband now think the ring probably got 　　　　　　（sweep） into a pile of kitchen rubbish.
维度二：语法与写作
补全句子
1.I 　　　　　　　　　　　that you didn’t pass the interview.
我很遗憾地告诉你，你的面试没有通过。
2.It is our duty 　　　　　　　　　　　　and see what went wrong.
我们有责任分析问题，看看出了什么问题。
3.I 　　　　　　　　　at the film I saw last night.I had expected it to be better.
我对昨晚看的电影很失望。我原以为它能更好些。
4.I can hardly imagine Peter 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
我很难想象彼得借酒消愁。
5.Her cellphone 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　， which made her upset.
她的手机被盗了，这使她很心烦。
6.They asked 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　to work as teachers.
他们请求被派到中国西部去当教师。
7.His wish is 　　　　　　　　　in the future.
他的愿望是将来当一名医生。
维度三：语法与语篇
用所给单词的适当形式完成下面短文。
　　It is usual for young people and old people not 1.　　　　　　 （agree） with each other about life，work and play.But in one special program in New York State， the adults and the teenagers live in peace.Each summer， 200 teenagers and 50 adults keep 2.　　　　　　 （live） for eight weeks as members of a special work group.Some teenagers work in the woods or on the farms near the villages.Some learn 3.　　　　　　 （make） furniture and to build houses.The adults are 4.　　　　　　 （delight） to teach them these skills.Everyone has several free hours every day and is completely free on weekends， too.During the free hours some teenagers enjoy photographing or 5.　　　　　　 （paint）.
　　It is necessary 6.　　　　　　 （make） rules when people live together.In this program the teenagers and the adults make the rules together.When someone breaks the rules， the group will discuss the problem.After the program，one of the teenagers said，“This program has taught me that I should stop 7.　　　　　　 （think） only about myself.I began to think about the whole group.”
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
　　Over the past decade or so， camera technology has become more and more integrated into our everyday lives.We use our phone camera to store memories and important information， and cameras help keep us safe while we are driving.Parallel parking is much easier now because cars come with rearview cameras.
　　However， up until now， cameras have also been limited.Wide field of vision cameras have been around since 2013， but these cameras only have a 180 degree field of vision， and can be clumsy （笨拙的）.They work by essentially merging images coming from two or more cameras.This can lead to distortion （失真）.In addition， using the cameras underwater also leads to distortion as light is refracted （折射） differently underwater.
　　According to Fast Company， the researchers took inspiration from nature.They began by studying the fiddler crab （招潮蟹） and its compound eye.Unlike humans， fiddler crabs can look in many directions at the same time， giving them a full 360 degree field of vision.In addition， fiddler crabs need to be able to see well both on land and in water.
　　Dr Fredo Durand， a professor of electrical engineering and computer science at MIT’s Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory， told Laser Focus World， “Amphibians （两栖动物） are particularly exciting because they need to operate in two environments with vastly different visual characteristics.It’s humbling to learn from nature how to address these challenges.”
　　The result is a little round black ball of a camera that interprets and understands light in various ways.The scientists tested the camera’s capabilities by projecting a group of images onto the camera at different angles.They also immersed the camera halfway in a tub to test its underwater capabilities.It passed with flying colours.
　　Though the camera is still in the early stages of its development and is not ready for commercial use， the hope is that it will eventually be used to help make cars safer by improving camera quality in general and improving camera capabilities in the rain.
1.Which is a limitation of the wide field of vision cameras？（　　）
A.They can only be used underwater.
B.They occupy too much space.
C.They consist of only two cameras.
D.They cover a limited field of vision.
2.What is Paragraph 3 mainly about？（　　）
A.The surprising adaptability of the fiddler crab.
B.The advantages of the fiddler crab’s compound eye.
C.The way of carrying out research into creatures.
D.The possibility of having a 360 degree field of vision.
3.Which is closest in meaning to the underlined word “immersed” in Paragraph 5？（　　）
A.Designed. B.Repaired.
C.Drowned. D.Abandoned.
4.What is the author’s attitude towards the camera？（　　）
A.Positive. B.Doubtful.
C.Unclear. D.Carefree.
B
　　In valleys with thick plants， different-sized round and square buildings with faded yellow clay walls and wooden roofs，tulou lie in mountainous villages in Longyan， Fujian Province.There are more than 23，000 tulou in Yongding， which became well-known after 46 were given World Heritage status by UNESCO in 2008.“The structures were awarded because they are exceptional examples of a building of tradition and function demonstrating a particular type of communal （共有的） living and defensive organization， and， in terms of their harmonious relationship with their environment， an outstanding example of the human settlement，” UNESCO said.
　　The multistorey giant tulou buildings were built with wood and mud walls.Constructed from the 15th to 20th centuries， these massive communal homes were sited based on fengshui principles， which claim to use energy forces to harmonize individuals with their environment.Tulou are also purposefully resting amid tea， tobacco， rice plantations and abundant forests of pine and bamboo.
　　Throughout history， tulou residents have mostly been Hakkas — migrants in southern China.Population pressures created conflict between the Hakkas and their neighbours， so they built their homes to double as defending.The buildings are mainly four or five storeys high.The first floor serves as the kitchen， the second is used for grain storage and the upper floors act as living areas.The structures are mainly symmetrical （对称的）， and their defensive features include ironclad gates， escape tunnels， narrow openings for weapons under the dark-tiled roofs， and a water well.For their defensive function， only rooms on the third floor and higher have windows， which are very small.With sufficient food， the residents could survive in the event of a lengthy conflict.
　　Communal living is integral to these villages， where the closed wall design boosts social interaction.Residents gather in the courtyard for ceremonies such as ancestor worship and weddings.Tulou is such a superb piece of architecture， living up to the title given by UNESCO.
5.What do we know about tulou？（　　）
A.Over 23，000 tulou were given World Heritage status.
B.Among 23，000 tulou， only 46 became famous globally.
C.They’re exceptional buildings of tradition and function.
D.Tulou is the most outstanding Chinese human settlement.
6.What is most important for residents during a long period of conflict？（　　）
A.Escape tunnels. B.Enough food.
C.Small windows. D.Defensive weapons.
7.What is probably the author’s attitude to the protection of tulou？（　　）
A.Favorable. B.Unclear.
C.Negative. D.Unconcerned.
8.Which of the following could be the best title for the text？（　　）
A.Tulou： in Harmony with Their Environments
B.Tulou： Different-Sized Round and Square Buildings
C.Tulou： Given the World Heritage Status by UNESCO in 2008
D.Tulou： a Special Chinese Structure Combining Living and Defending
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
　　Nature has a lot to offer.9.（　　）.Here are some valuable life lessons.
　　·Respect our roots.With time， a young tree grows into a full-grown one — something that was so tiny and delicate develops into a strong tree capable of supporting others.However tall it grows， its roots are firmly buried where it once took root.10.（　　）， and give something back to those humble beginnings that made us develop into who we are.
　　·Develop our creativity.Have you ever noticed various types of different plants’ leaves， those brightly coloured flowers， and unique patterns on animals？With so much beauty around， who could refuse to admit that nature is the most creative artist out there？11.（　　）.Be inspired and create something that will in turn inspire others.
　　·Learn to coexist peacefully.Nature provides every creature a chance to exist， however big or small it may be.12.（　　）.The tiger eats the antelope； without the antelope，the tiger wouldn’t survive.Likewise， without tigers， the overpopulation of antelopes would cause them to starve to death.
　　·13.（　　）.For example， the icy cold snow melts in the warmth of spring to give birth to fresh green leaves， and these leaves turn into shades of gold in the autumn but are once again buried in the cold winter.Change is unavoidable.It is important that we enjoy what we have to the fullest because who knows how long it will last.Meanwhile， we shouldn’t get attached to things that may lead to heartbreak and sorrow.
　　What we can learn from nature is limitless.So learn to respect her and include her wisdom in our lives.
A.Change is constant
B.We should not forget but respect our origins
C.She inspires creatures to challenge themselves
D.Trying to maintain the balance of nature is essential
E.She teaches us values that may lead to a full and happy life
F.Take a minute to admire this beautiful artist’s creation around you
G.But the existence of one creature depends on the existence of the other
Ⅲ.完形填空
　　（2024·广东潮州高二上期末）In the last 100 years， the global temperature has gone up by around 0.75 ℃.Such a small increase is causing sea levels to rise and 　14　 the habitat of many species of plants and animals.A（n） 　15　 of 2 ℃ in global temperatures could result in 　16　 of 30% of the world’s land species.
　　Sea levels in the UK have increased by around 10 cm in the last 100 years and experts 　17　 that global sea levels could rise by up to 59 cm in the near future.　18　， areas which were land a few hundred years ago are now under water.
　　As a result of the changing 　19　， the world’s ecosystems are also changing faster than ever before.So what is 　20　 climate change？ The main cause of climate change is the huge amount of greenhouse gases like CO2 in the atmosphere， but the reason for this is the world’s population — you and me.As the 　21　 increases， more land is needed to provide food， and more energy is 　22　 too.Burning fossil fuels for heating， lighting， transport， or electricity 　23　 CO2.Furthermore， humans breathe out CO2 and trees “breathe in” CO2 and produce oxygen — so by 　24　 trees， we are increasing the amount of CO2 in the atmosphere and reducing the amount of oxygen.As a result of these 　25　， CO2 levels are now at their highest for 800，000 years.
　　The biggest 　26　 we all face is to prevent further environmental disasters.We need to 　27　 burning fossil fuels and start using renewable energy.If we can get enough 　28　 from renewable fuels， we can stop using fossil fuels completely.
14.（　）A.attacking B.ignoring
C.threatening D.discovering
15.（　）A.limitation B.reduction
C.increase D.improvement
16.（　）A.extinction B.escape
C.change D.development
17.（　）A.argue B.explain
C.doubt D.predict
18.（　）A.Surprisingly B.Consequently
C.Immediately D.Usually
19.（　）A.climate B.height
C.period D.environment
20.（　）A.forcing B.allowing
C.causing D.helping
21.（　）A.animal B.species
C.plant D.population
22.（　）A.wasted B.needed
C.supplied D.stored
23.（　）A.produces B.includes
C.requires D.provides
24.（　）A.transporting to B.searching for
C.planting in D.cutting down
25.（　）A.questions B.activities
C.procedures D.disasters
26.（　）A.challenge B.disadvantage
C.adventure D.influence
27.（　）A.consider B.deny
C.stop D.hate
28.（　）A.time B.energy
C.inspiration D.knowledge
Ⅳ.语法填空
　　Malaindrano is a giant baobab （猴面包树） that is hollowed out （被挖空） for the storage of water， 29.　　　　　　 （exist） in the rural area in Madagascar.Malaindrano means “he who hates water”， 30.　　　　　　 this baobab doesn’t hate water at all.It is so big that many people believe it has never been 31.　　　　　　（complete） filled.Even semi-full， the trees are vital for storing water in one of Madagascar’s driest regions.Also known 32.　　　　　　 bottle trees because of their unique thick trunks， such baobab trees form a network of 33.　　　　　　（nature） water tanks.Employing them has allowed people to live in a place where rain is rare， and where the little rain that falls 34.　　　　　　 （absorb） quickly by the soil.
　　Lack of rain can lead to a lack of food.In the 1920s and 1930s， thousands of people 35.　　　　　（die） because of extreme drought.This forced the locals to take inspiration from nature and come up with an idea： hollowing out baobabs 36.　　　　　（store） water when water is abundant.A large baobab has the 37.　　　　　　（able） to store about 14，000 litres of water.Today， some 20，000 people live in the region， many of 38.　　　　　　 rely on the tree water for around a third of the year.
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