Section Ⅰ Starting out & Understanding ideas
The D-DAY LANDINGS
[1]By spring 1944， the Second World War had been raging① across the globe for about five years. But along the south coast of England， something unusual was happening： Allied② troops made up mainly of③ British， Canadian and American soldiers were gathering in large numbers.[2]This marked④ one of the final stages⑤ of a top-secret⑥ operation that had been months， perhaps years， in the planning. Code-named “Operation Overlord”， it was the largest combined⑦ sea， air and land operation in history， [3]the aim being to free north-west Europe from⑧ German occupation⑨.After waiting for the perfect combination of weather， moon and tides， the date for the start of Operation Overlord was set for 6 June.
[1]“by＋表示过去的时间点”作时间状语，句子谓语用过去完成时（或过去完成进行时）。
[2]that引导定语从句，修饰先行词operation。
[3]“名词＋动词-ing短语”构成的独立主格结构。
An order [4]issued⑩ by Supreme Allied Commander General Eisenhower to the troops read： “Your task will not be an easy one.Your enemy is well trained， well equipped and battle-hardened ...But this is the year 1944 ...The tide has turned！ The free men of the world are marching together to Victory！ I have full confidence in your courage， devotion to duty and skill in battle.We will accept nothing less than full Victory！”
[5]With these words ringing in their ears， Allied soldiers prepared for what would become known as D-Day. At dawn on 6 June， thousands landed by parachute behind enemy lines in northern France.Meanwhile， thousands more were journeying across the English Channel to Normandy， protected by fighter planes in the skies above them.Their objective was clear： to reach the Normandy beaches along about 80 kilometres of French coastline.But even in the depths of war， few could have been prepared for the violence and horror [6]they would experience there.
[4]过去分词短语issued by ...作后置定语。
[5]With these words ringing in their ears是with复合结构作状语；what引导宾语从句，且在从句中作主语。
[6]they would experience there是省略了关系代词that或which的定语从句。
The fiercest fighting was at Omaha Beach.The enemy were hiding， ready to attack the Allied soldiers even before they reached land.[7]Boats were hit and men drowned， while those who did make it to the beach faced heavy machine gunfire. By mid-morning， hundreds lay dead in the water and amongst the tanks on the beach.One soldier recalled [8]how he barely made it with bombs falling all around him： “I was the first one out.The seventh man was the next one to get across the beach without being hit.All the ones in between were hit.Two were killed； three were injured.That’s how lucky you had to be.”
[7]while连接并列句，意为“而，然而”，表示对比；who引导定语从句。
[8]how引导宾语从句，且句中含有with复合结构。
But， despite the high cost in human life， the D-Day landings were a success and were seen widely as the beginning of the end of the Second World War.By the end of August 1944， the Allies had reached the River Seine， Paris was liberated and the Germans had been removed from north-west France.The Allied forces then prepared to enter Germany， [9]where they would meet up with the Soviet military moving in from the east.
Seventy years later， men who had fought on D-Day gathered on both sides of the English Channel， where people were coming together for memorial ceremonies.As part of this solemn and moving occasion ， a former soldier read out to the crowd these lines from the poem For the Fallen， by Laurence Binyon：
They shall grow not old， as we that are left grow old：
Age shall not weary them， nor the years condemn .
At the going down of the sun and in the morning
We will remember them.
Survivors of the D-Day landings continue to meet to remember the fellow soldiers and friends they lost that day.[10]Although each year they are fewer in number， their outstanding acts of courage mean that we will always remember them — as well as those who lost their lives on the beaches of northern France.
[9]where引导定语从句；动词-ing短语moving in from the east作后置定语。
[10]Although引导让步状语从句；that引导宾语从句；who引导定语从句，修饰先行词those。
【读文清障】
①rage v.（暴风雨、战斗等）猛烈地继续；激烈进行
②allied adj.（第二次世界大战）同盟国的
troop n.部队；军队
③（be） made up of 由……组成
④mark v.标志；表明
⑤stage n.阶段；时期
⑥top-secret adj.绝密的
a top-secret operation 绝密行动
⑦combined adj.联合的
combination n.结合，组合
⑧free ...from 将……从……中解放出来；使……摆脱……
⑨occupation n.侵占，占领
⑩issue v.宣布，公布
commander n.指挥官，长官
have （ ...） confidence in 对……有信心
nothing less than 简直是；极其；不亚于
ring v.回响，响彻
prepare for 为……做准备
at dawn 在黎明，清晨
parachute n.降落伞
journey n.&v.（尤指长途）旅行
journey across 穿越，穿过
the English Channel英吉利海峡
objective n.目的，目标
in the depths of 在……的深处；深陷……
violence n.暴力
violent adj.狂暴的，凶暴的
horror n.惊恐
make it 获得成功；准时到达
recall v.回想，回忆起
barely adv.勉强才能
cost n.（为做某事涉及的）努力，代价，损失
success n.成功的事
be seen as 被看作
liberate v.解放（城市、国家等）
remove ...from 把……从……中去除
meet up with （按照安排）与……会合，见面
memorial adj.纪念的，追悼的
solemn adj.严肃的，庄重的
occasion n.场合
weary v.（使）非常疲倦
condemn v.迫使（某人）处于不幸的境地
outstanding adj.杰出的，优秀的
【参考译文】
诺曼底登陆
1944年春天，第二次世界大战的战火已经席卷全球大约五年之久。但是在英格兰的南部海岸正发生着不寻常的事情：由英国、加拿大和美国士兵组成的盟军正在大量聚集。这标志着一场计划了数月，甚至可能是数年的绝密行动终于进入了最后阶段。这次作战行动的代号为“霸王行动”，它是历史上规模最大的海、陆、空三方力量集结的行动，目的是解放德国占领的欧洲西北部地区。在确保天气、月亮和潮水三者达到最佳结合点后，“霸王行动”最终定在了6月6日。
盟军最高司令艾森豪威尔将军在鼓舞军队士气时说道：“你们的任务将不会轻松。敌人训练有素、武器精良，而且久经沙场……但今年是1944年……时局已经发生转变！全世界自由的人们正在一起向胜利前进！我对你们的勇气、责任心和作战能力十分有信心。我们将迎接的只会是彻底的胜利！”
盟军士兵耳中回荡着这些话语，做好了登陆诺曼底的准备。6月6日清晨，数千名士兵在法国北部空降在敌人后方。与此同时，更有数千名士兵在战斗机的保护下，穿越英吉利海峡，在诺曼底登陆。他们的目标十分明确：到达法国海岸线约80千米外的诺曼底海滩。但就算是深陷战争，也很少有人能够做好准备，面临即将发生的残暴和恐怖。
奥马哈海滩的情况最不容乐观。敌人藏身于各个地方，准备在盟军登陆前就开始进攻。船被击翻，一些人落水而亡，而那些成功登陆的人面对的则是机关枪的猛烈扫射。上午10点左右已有上百人在水中或在海滩上的坦克之间阵亡。一名士兵事后回忆他是如何在轰炸中侥幸脱险的：“我是第一个冲出来的人，第七个冲出来的士兵是第二个穿过海滩没有被击中的，我俩之间的士兵全被击中了，其中有两人死亡，三人受伤。真的是要有天大的幸运才能躲过这一劫。”
尽管伤亡惨重，诺曼底登陆还是取得了成功，并且被人们普遍视为第二次世界大战结束的开端。在1944年8月底，盟军抵达塞纳河，解放了巴黎，从法国西北部赶走了德国人。之后盟军准备进攻德国，而苏联军队也正从德国东部攻入，两军相遇。
70年后，曾在诺曼底登陆中奋战的将士聚集在英吉利海峡两岸，人们共同参加纪念仪式。在庄重感人的仪式上，一位当时参战的老兵向众人朗读了劳伦斯·比尼恩《谨献给阵亡将士》一诗中的一段：
我们会日渐衰老，但他们永远不会老去：
他们永远不为年龄所难，永远不为岁月所累。
每当夕阳西下，每当清晨来临，
我们都会想起他们。
诺曼底登陆的幸存者每年都会相聚并纪念他们在登陆那天失去的战友和朋友。虽然每年相聚的人越来越少，但他们的英勇壮举将会让我们永远铭记他们，以及那些在法国北部海滩上阵亡的士兵。
第一步：析架构理清脉络
Read the passage quickly and then fill in the blanks.
第二步：知细节明察秋毫
Read the passage carefully and choose the best answers.
1.What is the aim of “Operation Overlord”？（ ）
A.To make up Allied troops.
B.To plan a top-secret operation.
C.To free north-west Europe from German occupation.
D.To combine weather with sea.
2.What does the sentence “The tide has turned！” in Paragraph 2 suggest？（ ）
A.The tide has gone out.
B.The tide was in Allied troops’ favour.
C.The tide of the year 1944 was extraordinary.
D.The tide tended to be severe.
3.What can we learn from the scenes one soldier recalled？（ ）
A.The fighting was very fierce.
B.The enemy were very wise.
C.Heavy machine gunfire was terrible.
D.Tanks were of little use.
4.What can we know about Laurence Binyon in the passage？（ ）
A.He was a former soldier.
B.He was a survivor.
C.He was a commander.
D.He was a poet.
5.How does the passage mainly develop？ （ ）
A.By following the order of space.
B.By following the order of time.
C.By making classifications.
D.By making comparison.
答案：1－5 CBADB
第三步：拓思维品质提升
Discuss the following questions with your partner.
1.What is the passage mainly about？
It mainly describes the violence of the D-Day landings and the brave acts the Allied troops performed in the fighting.
2.What is your feeling when reading the passage？
I admire the Allied soldiers’ outstanding acts of courage and as students， we should love peace and keep peace.
第四步：品语言妙笔生辉
Read the passage carefully and find the sentences that describe a person.
（1）The enemy were hiding， ready to attack the Allied soldiers even before they reached land.
（2）As part of this solemn and moving occasion， a former soldier read out to the crowd these lines from the poem For the Fallen， by Laurence Binyon： ...
第五步：析难句表达升级
1.This marked one of the final stages of a top-secret operation that had been months，perhaps years，in the planning.
句式分析 本句为主从复合句。that引导 定语 从句。
自主翻译 这标志着一场计划了数月，甚至可能是数年的绝密行动终于进入了最后阶段。
2.With these words ringing in their ears，Allied soldiers prepared for what would become known as D-Day.
句式分析 本句为主从复合句。what引导 宾语 从句，what在宾语从句中作 主语 。With these words ringing in their ears为with复合结构作 伴随状语 。
自主翻译 盟军士兵耳中回荡着这些话语，做好了登陆诺曼底的准备。
3.Boats were hit and men drowned，while those who did make it to the beach faced heavy machine gunfire.
句式分析 本句为while连接的 并列 句。前一个分句中men drowned为 省略 句；后一个分句中，who引导 定语 从句，修饰先行词 those 。
自主翻译 船被击翻，一些人落水而亡，而那些成功登陆的人面对的则是机关枪的猛烈扫射。
4.The Allied forces then prepared to enter Germany，where they would meet up with the Soviet military moving in from the east.
句式分析 本句为主从复合句。where引导 定语 从句，修饰先行词 Germany 。
自主翻译 之后盟军准备进攻德国，而苏联军队也正从德国东部攻入，两军相遇。
5.Seventy years later，men who had fought on D-Day gathered on both sides of the English Channel，where people were coming together for memorial ceremonies.
句式分析 本句为主从复合句。who引导 定语 从句，修饰先行词men；where引导 定语 从句，修饰先行词the English Channel。
自主翻译 70年后，曾在诺曼底登陆中奋战的将士聚集在英吉利海峡两岸，人们共同参加纪念仪式。
Part Ⅰ 核心词汇集释
commander n.指挥官，长官
【教材原句】 An order issued by Supreme Allied commander General Eisenhower to the troops read ...
盟军最高司令艾森豪威尔将军在鼓舞军队士气时说道……
【用法】
command n. 指令；命令；控制 v. 命令；控制 under one’s command 在某人的指挥下 have a good command of 精通 command sb to do sth 命令某人做某事 command that sb （should） do sth 命令某人做某事
【佳句】 At dawn， the commander commanded the soldiers make an attack.
黎明时分，指挥官命令士兵们发动进攻。
【练透】 补全句子
①The army is under the king’s direct command .
军队由国王直接统帅。
②I have a good command of English.
我的英语很好。
【写美】 翻译句子
③领导命令所有成员都致力于营救工作。
The leader commanded that all the members （should） be committed to the rescue work.
nothing less than 简直是；极其；不亚于
【教材原句】 We will accept nothing less than full Victory！ 我们将迎接的只会是彻底的胜利！
【用法】
nothing like 完全不像；根本不像 nothing more than 仅仅，不过是 nothing but 仅仅，只，只是 nothing much 不很多，不太重要
【佳句】 The beauty of that landscape is nothing less than breathtaking.
那片风景的美丽简直令人惊叹。
【练透】 单句语法填空/补全句子
①There’s nothing like candlelight for creating a romantic atmosphere.
②All he could do was nothing but wait.
他所能做的就是等。
【写美】 翻译句子
③她只不过是一个普通人。
She was nothing more than an ordinary people.
prepare for 为……做准备
【教材原句】 With these words ringing in their ears， Allied soldiers prepared for what would become known as D-Day.盟军士兵耳中回荡着这些话语，做好了登陆诺曼底的准备。
【用法】
（1）prepare sb for sth 使某人对某事做好准备 prepare sth 准备好某物 （2）preparation n. 准备 为……做准备 （3）prepared adj. 准备好的；有所准备的 be prepared for 为……做好了准备 be prepared to do sth 准备做某事；愿意做某事
【佳句】 To help us prepare for the exam， the teacher suggested us reading through our notes.
为了帮助我们准备考试，老师建议我们通读笔记。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①People are not really prepared to talk （talk） about these kinds of personal problems.
②Standing on the starting line， the boys began to stretch out their arms and legs in preparation for the match.
【写美】 一句多译
③他们已为将要发生的事情做了准备。
→They have made preparations for what will happen.（preparation）
→They have prepared for what will happen.（prepare）
→They have been prepared for what will happen.（prepared）
objective n.目的，目标
【教材原句】 Their objective was clear：to reach the Normandy beaches along about 80 kilometres of French coastline.他们的目标十分明确：到达法国海岸线约80千米外的诺曼底海滩。
【用法】
（1）object n. 物体；目标；对象 v. 反对；不赞成 object to sb/sth 反对/不赞成某人/某事 object to （sb’s） doing ... 反对（某人）做…… （2）objection n. 反对；异议；不赞成 have an objection to （doing）... 对……表示反对
【佳句】 You must set a realistic objective for yourself.
你必须为自己设定一个能够实现的目标。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①It is obvious that he objects to solving （solve） frictions with violence.
②Mike decided to move to the countryside and his wife had no objection to it.
【写美】 一句多译
③这位杰出的科学家强烈反对不懂装懂。
→The outstanding scientist strongly objected to pretending to understand.（object）
→The outstanding scientist had a strong objection to pretending to understand.（objection）
memorial adj.纪念的，追悼的
【教材原句】 Seventy years later， men who had fought on D-Day gathered on both sides of the English Channel， where people were coming together for memorial ceremonies.
70年后，曾在诺曼底登陆中奋战的将士聚集在英吉利海峡两岸，人们共同参加纪念仪式。
【用法】
（1）memorize v. 记住，记忆 memorize a poem 记住一首诗 （2）memory n. 记忆力；回忆 have a good memory for 善于记忆…… in memory of 作为对……的纪念 （3）memorable adj. 难忘的；值得纪念的 a truly memorable occasion 非常难忘的时刻
【佳句】 The monument was built in memory of those who sacrificed their lives in the war.这座纪念碑是为了纪念那些在战争中牺牲的人建立的。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①One of the biggest challenges in learning English is that we should memorize （memory） so many new words every day.
②He’d a good memory for faces， and he was sure he hadn’t seen her before.
【写美】 补全句子
③Last July， I went to Australia for summer vacation with my best friend Lisa， which was really a memorable experience for me .
去年7月，我和我最好的朋友丽莎一起去澳大利亚过暑假，这对我来说真的是一次难忘的回忆。
Part Ⅱ 重点句型解构
句型公式：独立主格结构
【教材原句】 Code-named “Operation Overlord”， it was the largest combined sea， air and land operation in history， the aim being to free north-west Europe from German occupation.这次作战行动的代号为“霸王行动”，它是历史上规模最大的海、陆、空三方力量集结的行动，目的是解放德国占领的欧洲西北部地区。
【用法】
句中的the aim being to free north-west Europe from German occupation为独立主格结构，在句中作状语。 （1）独立主格结构的意义：独立主格结构是由名词或代词加上分词等构成的一种独立结构，用来修饰谓语动词或整个句子，在句中一般作状语。其位置比较灵活，可置于主句前、主句中、主句末。 （2）独立主格结构的两个特点：①独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同，它独立存在；②独立主格结构一般用逗号与句子分开。 （3）独立主格结构的基本构成形式： ①名词/代词＋非谓语动词（过去分词/动词-ing形式/动词不定式）。 ②名词/代词＋形容词/副词/介词短语/名词。
【品悟】 The work finished， we went home.
工作完成后，我们才回家。
【写美】 微写作
①我们学校有三个大型多媒体教室，每个教室都配备了最新的电脑。（告知信）
We have three large multi-media classrooms in our school， each equipped with the newest computers .
②听到他们的计划，伯纳德高兴得跳了起来，幸福和感激的泪水涌上双眼。（动作描写）
Hearing their plan， Bernard jumped with joy， tears of happiness and gratitude welling up in his eyes .
③由于没有公交车，我们不得不步行回家。
There being no buses ， we had to walk home.
维度一：品句填词
1.The government decided to send more troops （部队） to the border， where they would strengthen the defense and maintain security.
2.The commander （指挥官） got a chance to visit the mountain whose top was covered with thick snow， which he had been dreaming of for years.
3.It was reported that a rocket destroyed the enemy’s tanks （坦克）.
4.Grades would range from one or two，for outstanding （杰出的） or excellent， to six or seven， for poor or very poor.
5.To liberate （解放） the city， thousands of soldiers devoted their lives to fighting against the enemy.
6.Horror ， violence and cruelty involved in some video products harm the psychological development of children.
7.The study suggests kids who play violent video games show much more aggressive behaviour than those who don’t.
8.The main objective of this meeting is to give more information on our plans.
维度二：词形转换
1.I barely （bare） saw my father before I was eight so I was somewhat lonely.
2.We are often taught to fight against violence （violent） and protect peace.
3.The event marked the liberation （liberate） of the slaves， and it had a profound impact on the course of history.
4.The use of nuclear weapons is a horrible （horror） threat to human beings.
5.A memorial （memory） service for sailors drowned at sea will be held in the city centre at 8 am this Sunday.
维度三：固定搭配和句式
1.We should have faith in ourselves， and believe we can make it （成功） if we try our best.
2.It is known to us all that a computer is made up of （由……组成） hundreds of different parts.
3.I think if you invest all your money in that project， it will be nothing less than （简直是） a failure.
4.She is only too aware that as soon as a team steps off the victory podium， they need to start from zero to prepare for （为……做准备） new challenges ahead.
5.The hybrid rice succeeded in freeing people from （使人们摆脱） starvation.
6.It is so wet there that the trees are extremely tall， some measuring over 90 metres （一些树高达90多米）.
维度四：课文语法填空
In the spring of 1944， Allied 1. troops （troop） made up mainly of British，Canadian and American soldiers were gathering in large numbers， 2. which marked one of the final stages of a top-secret operation code-named “Operation Overlord”. The date for the start was set for 6 June after taking weather， moon and 3. tides （tide） into consideration.General Eisenhower 4. issued （issue） an order before the operation to encourage the soldiers 5. to fight （fight） bravely.Though full preparations had been made， the 6. violence （violent） and horror of the battle was beyond expectation.In the 7. fiercest （fierce） fighting at Omaha Beach， only two in seven could make 8. it to the beach.In spite 9. of the high cost in human life， the D-Day landings were a success and 10. were seen （see） as the beginning of the end of the Second World War.
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
In the late 1930s， people could donate blood， but very few hospitals could store it for later use. Whole blood breaks down quickly， and there were no methods at the time for safely preserving it. As a result， hospitals often did not have the appropriate blood type when patients needed it. Charles Drew， a Black surgeon and researcher， helped solve this monumental problem for medicine， earning him the title “Father of the Blood Bank”.
In 1938， while obtaining his doctorate in medicine， Drew became a fellow at Columbia University’s Presbyterian Hospital in New York. He studied the storage and distribution of blood， including the separation of its components， and applied his findings to an experimental blood bank at the hospital.
As Drew was finishing his degree at Columbia， World War Ⅱ was erupting in Europe. Great Britain was asking the United States for desperately needed plasma （血浆） to help victims. Given his expertise， Drew was selected to be the medical director for the Blood for Britain campaign. Using Presbyterian Hospital’s blood bank as a model， Drew established uniform procedures and standards for collecting blood and processing blood plasma from nine New York hospitals. The five-month campaign collected donations from 15，000 Americans and was considered a success. His discoveries and his leadership saved countless lives.
With the increasing likelihood that the nation would be drawn into war， the United States wanted to capitalize on what Drew had learned from the campaign. He was appointed as the assistant director of a three-month pilot program to mass-produce dried plasma in New York， which became the model for the first Red Cross blood bank. His innovations for this program included mobile blood donation stations， later called bloodmobiles.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了查尔斯·德鲁找到了处理和储存血液的新方法，还发明了移动献血站，帮助挽救了第二次世界大战期间无数的生命，因此被称为“血库之父”。
1. What problem did hospitals face in the late 1930s regarding blood donations？（ ）
A.The shortage of blood donors.
B.The inability to preserve blood.
C.The challenge of blood infection.
D.The failure to identify blood types.
解析：B 细节理解题。根据第一段第一句可知，在20世纪30年代末，医院面临的问题是无法储存血液。
2.How did Drew contribute to the Blood for Britain campaign？（ ）
A.He gathered different standards for the blood collection.
B.He worked on the bloodmobiles for easy access to donors.
C.He helped send life-saving drugs overseas to aid in the war.
D.He organized the collection and processing of blood plasma.
解析：D 细节理解题。根据第三段中的Using Presbyterian Hospital’s blood bank as ... processing blood plasma from nine New York hospitals.可知，德鲁组织了血浆的收集和处理。
3.Which of the following best describes the three-month pilot program？（ ）
A.Groundbreaking. B.Unpredictable.
C.Economical. D.Controversial.
解析：A 推理判断题。根据最后一段最后两句可知，这个为期三个月的试点项目成为第一个红十字会血库的模型，德鲁在这个项目中贡献了创新方法。由此可推出，这个试点项目具有开创性。
4.What can be a suitable title for the text？（ ）
A.The Life of Dr Charles Drew
B.The Inventor of the Blood Bank
C.A Savior of Lives During Wartime
D.A Pioneer in Blood Transportation
解析：B 标题归纳题。通读全文可知，本文主要讲述了查尔斯·德鲁找到了处理和储存血液的新方法，还发明了移动献血站，帮助挽救了第二次世界大战期间无数的生命，因此被称为“血库之父”。由此可推出，B项（血库的发明者）最适合作本文标题。
B
During the 1910s， the Great War broke out. A 25-year-old American soldier probably never thought that his life would change forever when he volunteered to go to France.
One night while the American troops were returning to the base after a bloody fight， Suleyman stumbled to the ground and noticed a bit of movement from the bush. Being stuck between two choices， either an enemy or an animal， Suleyman found a five-year-old girl from the bush trembling with cold and utmost horror. Due to the atrocity of the war， the girl was abandoned by her family and the whole village was killed.
During the war， it was impossible to find the child’s family so Suleyman took this little French girl under his wings and gave her an American name Flora which meant the flower. Soon， Flora became the apple of the eye of everyone living in the army camp.
For one and a half years， Flora and Suleyman became inseparable； however， every fairy tale came to an end.When the war ended， Suleyman was sent back to the USA， while Flora was put in an orphanage， the Normandy School， which was founded by the American government for orphaned French children to have an education.
For years， Suleyman always thought about Flora. When the French National Olympic Team was playing in the Summer Olympics in Los Angeles in 1984， Suleyman gazed through the audience on TV， hoping to catch a glimpse of Flora， but he never could.
At the age of 85， Suleyman attended the 60th anniversary reception of the Great War where Suleyman shared his story with American and French officials. After hearing his story， a French journalist started to investigate the story， and all government files were read in detail. The moment the journalist helped dial the number， in tears， Flora said Suleyman was her hero， and everything came flooding back to her.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了第一次世界大战爆发时，25岁的美国士兵Suleyman救了一个女孩，取名Flora。后来Flora被送入孤儿院，两人分开。多年后，两人再次取得了联系。
5.What does the underlined word “atrocity” in Paragraph 2 probably mean？（ ）
A.Cruelty. B.Challenge.
C.Range. D.Stress.
解析：A 词义猜测题。根据画线词下文of the war， the girl was abandoned by her family and the whole village was killed可知，这个女孩被家人抛弃，整个村庄的人都被杀了。由此可知，战争血雨腥风、十分残酷，故画线词意为“残酷”。cruelty残酷；challenge挑战；range范围；stress压力。
6.Why did Suleyman watch the 1984 Summer Olympics？（ ）
A.Because Flora might be in the French team.
B.Because Suleyman was greatly interested in sports.
C.Because Flora might be watching the event.
D.Because Suleyman wanted to travel to Los Angeles.
解析：C 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的When the French National Olympic Team ...Suleyman gazed through the audience on TV， hoping to catch a glimpse of Flora， but he never could.可知，Suleyman观看1984年夏季奥运会是因为Flora可能在看比赛。
7.What can we learn from the passage？（ ）
A.Flora and Suleyman became attached to each other.
B.Flora was sent to an orphanage called Normandy.
C.Suleyman found some animals in the bush.
D.Suleyman would never see Flora again.
解析：A 细节理解题。根据第四段中的For one and a half years， Flora and Suleyman became inseparable可知，一年半的时间里，Flora和Suleyman形影不离。
8.Which can serve as the best title for the text？（ ）
A.A Tough Flower in the War
B.The Influence of the War
C.The Lost and Found Love
D.The Apple of the Father’s Eye
解析：C 标题归纳题。根据文章内容可知，本文讲述了一个美国士兵在第一次世界大战期间救了一个法国小女孩，两人在一年半的时间里形影不离，后因故分开，最后又取得了联系的故事。由此可知，C项（失而复得的爱）适合作本文最佳标题。
C
On the eve of the 77th anniversary of the D-Day landings， I found myself on Omaha Beach， leading a small band of college students into the past.
For more than 20 years， my co-workers and I have taken students from the University of Texas at Austin to Europe as the highlight of half-year-long study of World War Ⅱ. There’s nothing like being there to discover what happened there 77 years ago or how much it can teach us today.
We board a bus and enter the American cemetery （墓地）.A staff member greets us and tells us about the 9，380 graveyards here. We turn to face the cemetery as the national anthem （国歌） plays over the loudspeaker. Tears well up in my eyes at the memory of my father， who flew for 30 missions over France and Germany in the spring and summer of 1944.
Each student receives a yellow rose to place at the grave of a Texan soldier. The headstones give us only the name， rank， unit， home state and date of death. We can guess how old they were， for the students are about the same age.
We return to the beach and look at the peaceful scene that we know was anything but peaceful 77 years ago. “Bloody Omaha” was the deadliest beach of the landings. More than 2，400 Americans were killed or wounded， or went missing in action. No one who survived ever forgot it.
Our students understand the sacrifices made that day and the cost of war， both humans and materials. They face a world different from the one their grandfathers and great-grandfathers lived in but just as complex and even more dangerous. Pandemics， pollution and the threat of climate change present challenges that no previous generation has faced.
I have faith in this young generation.We can learn much from the D-Day landings and World WarⅡ about the importance of alliances （联盟）， the value of cooperation and the meaning of courage. As it turns out， learning from the past is a matter of moment today.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。“我”和同事们在诺曼底登陆纪念日前夕带领学生开展游学活动，引导学生感悟英勇顽强、奉献牺牲的精神。
9.What did the author do on the eve of the 77th anniversary of the D-Day landings？（ ）
A.She went to Europe with old soldiers.
B.She visited the American cemetery in Texas.
C.She gave a course on World War Ⅱ.
D.She took students on a study tour to Omaha Beach.
解析：D 细节理解题。根据第一、二段内容可知，二十多年来，作者都会带学生来到奥马哈海滩开展游学活动。
10.What can we know about the author’s father？（ ）
A.He was a Texan soldier.
B.He was buried in this graveyard.
C.He died when performing a mission.
D.He served in the air force during World War Ⅱ .
解析：D 推理判断题。根据第三段中的Tears well up in my eyes at the memory of my father， who flew for 30 missions over France and Germany in the spring and summer of 1944.可知，作者的父亲在第二次世界大战期间曾执行了30次飞行任务。由此推断，作者的父亲二战期间在空军服役。
11.Why is the number of Americans mentioned in Paragraph 5？（ ）
A.To explain their love for traveling.
B.To show their sacrifices in the mission.
C.To honor them for fighting for the country.
D.To praise them for bringing the beach into peace.
解析：B 推理判断题。根据第五段中的“Bloody Omaha” was the deadliest beach of the landings.以及第六段中的Our students understand the sacrifices made that day and the cost of war， both humans and materials.可知，此次战争十分惨烈，美国人作出了巨大的牺牲。由此可知，列数字是为了表明美国人在这次任务中的牺牲。
12.What does the author feel about the world faced by this young generation？（ ）
A.Peaceful. B.Eventful.
C.Fast-changing. D.Fully-globalized.
解析：B 推理判断题。根据第六段中的Pandemics，pollution and the threat of climate change present challenges that no previous generation has faced.可知，作者认为，年轻一代身处的世界充满挑战，发生了很多重大事件，变故也很多。peaceful和平的；eventful多变故的；fast-changing快速变化的；fully-globalized完全全球化的。
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
Sheri Rosenblum learned about the Holocaust （纳粹大屠杀） the same way most kids did.13.（ ）.“It was like watching a horror movie. I really did not understand it. It was totally the wrong way to be introduced to it，” she said.14.（ ）.Sheri works at the Jewish Partisan Educational Foundation （JPEF）， an organization focusing on teaching students about the thousands of Jews who fought back against Hitler’s plans to kill them.
During World War Ⅱ， as many as 30，000 Jews joined resistance groups throughout Europe. Known as partisans （游击队员）， they formed their own fighting units and also joined non-Jewish partisan armies to fight against Hitler’s forces. 15.（ ）.Eta Wrobel， a 20-year-old Jewish girl， escaped into the woods and helped form an all-Jewish partisan unit. Some partisans were even younger. In France， 12-year-old Bernard Musmand helped the Jewish Resistance by working as a courier （通讯员）. At age 13， he joined partisan military actions against the Nazis， according to the JPEF.
These are all kinds of stories that the JPEF is working to spread.The organization has interviewed dozens of former Jewish partisans about their experiences during the Holocaust. 16.（ ）.“Students will say，‘I always pictured the Jews as victims. However， learning about this as a young Jew makes me feel proud to be Jewish，’” she said.
There are lessons for non-Jewish students too， of course.17.（ ）：young people can make a difference； stand up to oppression （压迫） early before it’s too late； never give up.
A.Many of them were youngsters
B.Unfortunately， this is the truth
C.Most of the partisans were Jewish girls
D.Now she’s working to tell a different part of this history
E.Sheri said that sharing the stories with Jewish students is invaluable
F.She was taught about the violent act of Nazi camps and shown pictures of Jewish survivors
G.Jewish partisans told the JPEF they hoped future generations would take three things from their example
语篇解读：本文是一篇新闻报道。谢瑞·罗森布卢姆致力于宣传犹太游击队员反抗纳粹暴行的历史故事，为当代青少年呈现出不同于以往的历史视角。
13.F F项提到的the violent act of Nazi camps与该空后一句提到的It was like watching a horror movie.相呼应，指出主人公谢瑞·罗森布卢姆和其他孩子一样受到的战争教育强化了纳粹的暴行和犹太人的软弱，符合语境。
14.D 根据空后一句可知，谢瑞向学生们宣扬犹太人反抗希特勒屠杀计划的历史，D项提到她努力讲述这段历史的不同部分，与上文It was totally the wrong way to be introduced to it相呼应，符合语境。
15.A 根据下文Some partisans were even younger.可知，许多游击队员是年轻人，故A项符合语境。
16.E 根据下文learning about this as a young Jew makes me feel proud to be Jewish可知，了解这些历史故事让犹太学生产生民族自豪感。因此，分享这些历史故事对犹太学生来说是极有用的，故E项符合语境。
17.G 该空后提到了这些历史给非犹太学生的三个启示，这与G项中的three things相呼应。
16 / 16Section Ⅲ Developing ideas
LIANDA：A PLACE OF PASSION①， BELIEF AND COMMITMENT
Throughout history， the great thinkers of the world have often rather romantically② referred to their academic③ struggles as④ being like “war”.However， for most of them， the “war” has been purely symbolic⑤.[1]Real war is never romantic as it brings suffering and immense⑥ challenges.
In 1937， the aggression⑦ of the Japanese army brought disaster to China’s three great universities： Peking University and Tsinghua University were occupied⑧ by Japanese troops，[2]while Nankai University was completely destroyed by bombing⑨.To save their educational and intellectual⑩ heritage， the three universities joined together in Kunming as National Southwest Associated University， otherwise known as Lianda.
[1]as引导原因状语从句。
[2]while连接的并列句，while意为“而，然而”，表示对比两种事物。
Professors and students alike in the three universities made an epic journey over a distance of more than 2，000 kilometres， most of them on foot.Their bed was the dusty road and their roof was the open sky， often lit up by exploding Japanese bombs.Conditions were little better once they reached the remote and mountainous south-west part of China.They had to live in rough buildings， packed 40 to a room， like sardines.There were dire shortages of food， books， and equipment.Furthermore， classes were frequently disrupted due to fierce air attacks and often had to be held before 10 am and after 4 pm.
However， despite the immense hardships and the daunting challenges， [3]it was right in this place， over a period of eight long years， that the nation’s intellectual heritage was not only guarded but fortified by the passion and belief of the worthy academics of Lianda.[4]It is no wonder that many， if not most， of China’s leading scholars and scientists emerged at Lianda， including the two Nobel Prize-winning physicists， Yang Zhenning and Li Zhengdao.“Lianda laid the foundation for every achievement I have made，” Yang recalled.He still remembers learning in a temporary classroom that had no glass in the windows.“On windy days， we had to hold down the paper on the desk， which would otherwise be blown away，” he said.
With the country at war， students at Lianda were not going to shirk their duty.[5]Driven by a sense of commitment ， a great many joined the army to resist the Japanese invaders and defend the honour of the nation. In fact， Lianda provided the largest number of student-soldiers from any campus in China.Of the thousands of college students from all over China who served as interpreters， one tenth were from Lianda， including the well-known translators Zha Liangzheng and Xu Yuanchong.Zha later depicted the contributions of his peers in a poem：
[3]本句为强调句，强调地点状语right in this place，时间状语over a period of eight long years作插入语，还包含了not only ...but （also） ...句型。
[4]本句真正的主语为that引导的主语从句，it为形式主语；if not most为省略句。
[5]句中Driven by a sense of commitment是过去分词短语作原因状语，and连接两个并列的动词不定式短语作目的状语。
Softly， on the hillside forgotten by all，
A misty rain falls in a gentle breeze；
There is no trace of the footprints of history；
Where brave souls once stood， breathing new life into the trees.
A product of the war， Lianda is now physically gone.But it has become the crowning glory of China’s modern universities， not only because of its prominent professors and talented students， but also because of the school’s strong spirit of perseverance and dedication .In 2017， representatives from Peking University， Tsinghua University， Nankai University and Yunnan Normal University gathered to commemorate the 80th anniversary of its founding.
More than eighty years on， the priceless contribution of Lianda still needs to be reaffirmed.It has become part of the collective memory of the Chinese nation， with its spirit as the blueprint for all universities in China in the modern era .
【读文清障】
①passion n.强烈情感，激情
②romantically adv.浪漫地
romantic adj.浪漫的
③academic adj.学术的
④refer to ...as ... 把……称为……
⑤symbolic adj.象征性的
symbol n.象征
⑥immense adj.巨大的
⑦aggression n.侵略
aggressive adj.侵略性的，好斗的
⑧occupy v.占领，占据
⑨bomb v.轰炸
⑩intellectual adj.智力的，脑力的
intellectual heritage 知识遗产
associated adj.联合的
epic adj.漫长而艰难的
a distance of ... ……的距离
light up 照亮，点亮
conditions n.条件，环境
condition n.[U] 状况，状态
rough adj.简单的；粗糙的
dire adj.极其严重的
dire shortages of 严重短缺……
disrupt v.扰乱
disruption n.扰乱
daunting adj.吓人的，使人气馁的
guard v. 保护，保卫，看守
n. 警卫，看守
fortify v.激励，加强
emerge v.出现
emergence n.出现，兴起
lay the foundation for 为……奠定基础
hold down 按压，压住
shirk v.逃避
commitment n.献身，奉献
a great many 许多（人），大量
resist v.抵制，抵抗
resistance n.抵抗
resistant adj.有抵抗力的
invader n.侵略者，侵略军
invade v.侵略
invasion n.侵略
serve as 担任，担当
depict v.描述，描写
peer n.同龄人；同辈
physically adv.实物地，有形地
prominent adj.著名的，杰出的
perseverance n.毅力；韧性；不屈不挠的精神
dedication n.奉献
representative n.代表
anniversary n.周年纪念日
collective adj.集体的；共同的
era n.时代，年代
【参考译文】
联大：一个充满热情、信念和奉献的地方
纵观历史，世界上伟大的思想家们常常以一种浪漫的说法把他们的学术之争比喻为“战争”。然而，对他们中的大多数人来说，“战争”一词纯粹是象征性的。真正的战争从来不是浪漫的，因为它会带来痛苦和巨大的挑战。
1937年，日军的侵略给中国三所著名大学带来了灾难：北京大学和清华大学被日本军队占领，南开大学被彻底炸毁。为了保护教育和知识遗产，这三所大学在昆明联合成立了国立西南联合大学，简称联大。
这三所大学的教授和学生们完成了一次长达2，000多千米的漫长而艰辛的行程，他们中的大部分人都是徒步完成的。他们以尘土飞扬的道路为床，以开阔的、经常被日军的炸弹照亮的天空为屋顶。到了中国西南部的偏远山区后，情况也没有好多少。他们不得不住在简陋的房子里，40个人像沙丁鱼一样挤在一间屋子里，食物、书籍和设备严重短缺。此外，由于猛烈的空袭，课堂经常中断，因此上课时间往往在上午10点前和下午4点后。
然而，尽管面临着巨大的困难和艰巨的挑战，在这个地方，经过八年漫长的岁月，国家的知识遗产不仅得到了保护，还得到了强化，这些都归功于联大杰出学者们的热情和信念。难怪即使不是大多数，但也有许多中国领先的学者和科学家都是联大出身，包括两位诺贝尔奖得主，物理学家杨振宁和李政道。“联大为我所取得的每项成就奠定了基础。”杨振宁回忆道。他还记得在一间窗户没有玻璃的临时教室里学习。“在刮风的日子里，我们不得不把纸按在桌子上，否则纸就会被风吹走。”他说。
国家正处于战争状态，联大的学生们不会逃避他们的责任。在献身精神的驱使下，许多人参军抵抗日本侵略者，保卫国家的荣誉。事实上，联大输送的学生士兵的数量是中国所有校园中最多的。在来自全国各地担任翻译的数千名大学生中，有十分之一的人来自联大，其中包括著名的翻译家查良铮和许渊冲。查良铮后来在一首诗中描述了他的同龄人所做的贡献：
静静的，在那被遗忘的山坡上，
还下着密雨，还吹着细风，
没有人知道历史曾在此走过，
留下了英灵化入树干而滋生。
作为战争的产物，联大现在已经不复存在。但它已经成为中国现代大学的最高荣耀，这不仅仅是因为那些杰出的教授和才华横溢的学生，也因为联大坚韧不拔和勇于奉献的精神。2017年，北京大学、清华大学、南开大学和云南师范大学的代表们齐聚一堂，共同纪念联大建校80周年。
尽管已经历经80多年，联大做出的无价贡献仍值得重申。它已成为中华民族集体记忆的一部分，联大精神更是描绘了现代中国所有大学的蓝图。
第一步：析架构理清脉络
Read the passage quickly and then fill in the blanks.
第二步：知细节明察秋毫
Read the passage carefully and choose the best answers.
1.What is the function of Paragraph 1？（ ）
A.To lead to the topic.
B.To summarize the whole passage.
C.To set an example.
D.To explain the word “war”.
2.What does the word “epic” in Paragraph 3 mean？（ ）
A.Brave. B.Impressive.
C.Long and difficult. D.Large.
3.Why are Yang Zhenning and Li Zhengdao mentioned in Paragraph 4？（ ）
A.To introduce they are China’s leading scholars and scientists.
B.To explain why they have made achievements at Lianda.
C.To show the nation’s intellectual heritage was not only guarded but fortified.
D.To stress they have suffered hardships.
4.Why has Lianda become the crowning glory of China’s modern universities？（ ）
A.Because of a product of the war.
B.Because of its strong spirit of perseverance and dedication.
C.Because of its collective memory.
D.Because of the honour of the nation.
答案：1－4 ACCB
第三步：拓思维品质提升
Discuss the following questions with your partner.
1.What is the main idea of the passage？
It mainly tells us a product of the war， Lianda， which made great contributions to the resistance against Japanese aggression.
2.What do you learn from the passage？
We should learn the strong spirit of perseverance and dedication from Lianda， protect our motherland and love peace.
第四步：析难句表达升级
1.However， despite the immense hardships and the daunting challenges， it was right in this place， over a period of eight long years， that the nation’s intellectual heritage was not only guarded but fortified by the passion and belief of the worthy academics of Lianda.
句式分析 despite构成的介词短语作 让步状语 ；it was ...that ...为 强调句 ，强调了地点状语right in this place；not only ...but （also） ...连接了guarded和fortified。
自主翻译 然而，尽管面临着巨大的困难和艰巨的挑战，在这个地方，经过八年漫长的岁月，国家的知识遗产不仅得到了保护，还得到了强化，这些都归功于联大杰出学者们的热情和信念。
2.It is no wonder that many， if not most， of China’s leading scholars and scientists emerged at Lianda， including the two Nobel Prize-winning physicists， Yang Zhenning and Li Zhengdao.
句式分析 that引导的 主语 从句为真正的主语，it作 形式主语 。
自主翻译 难怪即使不是大多数，但也有许多中国领先的学者和科学家都是联大出身，包括两位诺贝尔奖得主，物理学家杨振宁和李政道。
Part Ⅰ 核心词汇集释
refer to ...as ...把……称为……；把……叫作……
【教材原句】 Throughout history， the great thinkers of the world have often rather romantically referred to their academic struggles as being like “war”.
纵观历史，世界上伟大的思想家们常常以一种浪漫的说法把他们的学术之争比喻为“战争”。
【用法】
（1）refer to 提到；参考，查阅；指的是 （2）reference n. 提及；参考；查阅 reference book 参考书；工具书
【佳句】 Spring Festival is referred to as an occasion when families get together in China.
在中国，春节被认为是家人团聚的日子。
【点津】 （1）refer的过去式和过去分词均为referred，动词-ing形式为referring。
（2）在表示“查阅”时，refer to 后多接参考资料，如refer to the dictionary； look up后多接查阅的内容，如look up a new word in the dictionary。
【练透】 语境辨义/单句语法填空
①You can refer to a dictionary if necessary. 参考
②She referred to the subject several times during her speech. 提及
③When I said some people were lazy， I wasn’t referring to you. 指的是
④This reference （refer） book is easily accessible to beginners.
【写美】 补全句子
⑤They always refer to me as a book worm because I am addicted to reading.
他们总是说我是书虫，因为我沉迷于阅读。
lay the foundation for 为……奠定基础
【教材原句】 “Lianda laid the foundation for every achievement I have made，” Yang recalled.
“联大为我所取得的每项成就奠定了基础。”杨振宁回忆道。
【用法】
lay aside 把……放在一边 lay off 停止；解雇 lay out 布置，安排，设计 lay down 放下；制定（条例或原则）
【佳句】 What we are learning at school will lay the foundation for our future.
我们在学校正学习的课程将为我们的将来打下基础。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①When the boss told him he would be laid off ， his mind went blank.
②The brochure is beautifully laid out and illustrated.
【写美】 补全句子
③It is important for us all to lay aside our prejudices .
对我们所有人来说，抛开偏见是很重要的。
hold down 按压；压住，压低
【教材原句】 “On windy days， we had to hold down the paper on the desk， which would otherwise be blown away，”he said.“在刮风的日子里，我们不得不把纸按在桌子上，否则纸就会被风吹走。”他说。
【用法】
hold on 坚持；（打电话时用语）别挂断 hold on to 紧紧抓住 hold back 阻碍，克制，隐瞒 hold out 坚持；维持；伸出 hold up 举起；支撑；耽搁
【佳句】 He took a dictionary to hold down the test papers for fear that they might be blown away by the wind.
他拿了本词典压住试卷，以防被风吹走。
【练透】 用hold的相关短语填空
①When he left the telephone to find a pen，he asked me to hold on .
②He tried to hold out for higher pay by rejecting signature to the contract.
【写美】 补全句子
③ Having been held up by the traffic ， the man couldn’t hold back his anger and began to blow the horn loudly.
由于交通阻塞，那个人按捺不住怒气，开始大声按喇叭。
fight against 与……抗争
【教材原句】 In 1937 Yang became leader of the North-east Anti-Japanese United Army and fought a guerrilla war against the Japanese invaders.
1937年，杨（靖宇）成为东北抗日联军领导人，并与日本侵略者进行游击战。
【用法】
fight for 为……而斗争 fight with 与……一起战斗（奋斗） fight back 还击，抑制住（尤指情感） fight off 抵抗；击退 fight with sb about/over sth 跟某人争辩某事
【佳句】 In the Second World War，Britain fought against Germany with France.
在第二次世界大战中，英国与法国联合抗击德国。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①I hope they continue to fight for equal justice after I’m gone.
②I will not stay behind. I will fight with you to rescue him.
【写美】 补全句子
③I stood still there with a lump in my throat and tried to fight back tears .
我静静地站在那里，喉咙哽咽，拼命想忍住眼泪。
lack vt.缺乏 n.缺乏，不足；短缺的东西
【教材原句】 In early 1940， facing a critical lack of supplies， Yang decided to let his men break through in small groups ...
20世纪40年代初，面对物资严重缺乏，杨（靖宇）决定让他的人分小组突围……
【用法】
（1）lack sth 缺乏/少某物（没有被动语态） lack for 需要，需求 （2）（a） lack of ... 缺乏…… for lack of 因缺乏…… （3）lacking adj. 缺少的（不可置于名词前） be lacking in sth 缺少某物
【点津】 lacking为形容词，但一般不放在名词前作定语，常与in连用。
【写美】 一句多译
由于缺乏烹饪经验，这对双胞胎把厨房弄得乱七八糟。
→ For lack of cooking experience ， the twins made the kitchen in a mess.（lack n.）
→Because they lacked cooking experience ， the twins made the kitchen in a mess.（lack v.）
break through 突破；冲破（障碍）；（在某领域）有进展或突破
【教材原句】 ...Yang decided to let his men break through in small groups ...
……杨（靖宇）决定让他的人分小组突围……
【用法】
break down （机器）出故障；（身体）垮掉；（化学）分解；（谈判等）失败 break up 打碎；分裂；解体；结束；分手；放假 break in 破门而入；打断（谈话等） break into 强行闯入；突然……起来 break away from 脱离；挣脱 break out （战争、火灾等）爆发；发生
【佳句】 Scientists think they are beginning to break through in the fight against cancer.
科学家认为他们在抗击癌症方面开始有所突破。
【练透】 用break的相关短语填空
①The peace talks broke down with no agreement reached.
②I locked myself out of our apartment and had to break in .
③Seeing the troops cross the country， he drew a conclusion that a war would break out soon.
【写美】 补全句子
④Nowadays many farmers want to break away from farming and make a living in cities.
现在许多农民都不愿务农，想到城里谋生。
Part Ⅱ 重点句型解构
句型公式：not only ...but also ...连接并列成分
【教材原句】 ...that the nation’s intellectual heritage was not only guarded but fortified by the passion and belief of the worthy academics of Lianda.
……国家的知识遗产不仅得到了保护，还得到了强化，这些都归功于联大杰出学者们的热情和信念。
【用法】
（1）not only ...but also ...常用来连接并列成分，如两个主语、谓语、宾语、表语、定语、状语或句子，在意义上强调后者，其中also可以省略。 （2）not only ...but also ...连接并列主语时，谓语动词的数遵循“就近一致”原则；当not only 位于句首连接两个句子时，not only后的分句要用部分倒装，but also后的分句不倒装。
【品悟】 Through the exhibition，not only can you admire wonderful pictures， but you can also understand the art of traditional Chinese painting better.
通过展览，您不仅可以欣赏到精彩的画面，还可以更好地了解中国传统绘画艺术。
【写美】 微写作/句式升级
①我加入篮球队，从中我不但了解了团队合作的重要性，还增强了我的体质。
I join the basketball team， where I not only learn the importance of teamwork but also strengthen my body.
②不仅学生们而且他们的老师也很喜欢这部电影。
Not only the students but also their teacher likes the film a lot.
③Oceans not only provide abundant resources and food for us， but they are also crucial for the global climate development.
→ Not only do oceans provide abundant resources and food for us ， but they are also crucial for the global climate development. （倒装句）
句型公式：It is＋名词＋that从句
【教材原句】 It is no wonder that many， if not most， of China’s leading scholars and scientists emerged at Lianda ...难怪即使不是大多数，但也有许多中国领先的学者和科学家都是联大出身……
【用法】
本句中含有“It is＋名词＋that从句（常用的名词为a pity， an honour， a shame， no wonder等）”结构。it是形式主语，真正的主语是后面的that从句。常见的句型还有： （1）It＋be＋形容词＋that从句（用于此句型的形容词有wonderful，important，useless，surprising， certain， necessary等） （2）It＋be＋过去分词＋that从句（常用的过去分词有announced， believed， expected， hoped， reported， decided， said， shown等） （3）It＋不及物动词（seem， appear， happen等）＋that从句 （4）It is time that sb did/should do sth 该是某人做某事的时候了
【品悟】 It is a shame that he should have failed the exam.他竟然没通过考试，太可惜了！
【写美】 微写作
①由于旅游有这些优势，难怪旅游如今在中国越来越受欢迎。（演讲稿）
With these advantages of travel， it is no wonder that travel has now become more and more popular in China.
②据估算，去年至少有470人失去了工作。（投稿）
It has been calculated that at least 470 people lost their jobs last year.
③为了充分发挥你的潜力，充分利用我们学校的资源是很重要的。
To fully realize your potential， it is important that you make the most of our school resources .
维度一：品句填词
1.During the past four years， I have had a good deal of academic （学术的） experience in communication technology.
2.All the representatives （代表） from around the world claimed Beijing Winter Olympics was a success.
3.The opinions of his peers （同龄人） are more important to him than his parents’ ideas.
4.A number of bombs （炸弹） have exploded，which attracted the peacekeepers to the spot.
5.They invited many friends and held a party in celebration of their fiftieth wedding anniversary （周年纪念日）.
6.By the time you’re 25， you should have a rough idea of when you’ll be getting married.
7.A few chickens were scratching around in the yard for grain .
8.When we look a bit deeper， problems begin to emerge immediately.
维度二：词形转换
1.By collective （collect） activities， they found friendship and warmth.
2.Leading scientists claim breast-fed babies are intellectually （intellectual） brighter.
3.The Chinese middle school students return in September for the start of the new academic （academy） year.
4.Not all the content will be directly relevant to your tastes and in fact some of it will be completely irrelevant （relevant） to you.
5.The research shows that computer games may cause aggression （aggressive）.
6.The new model is a testament to the skill and dedication （dedicate） of the workforce.
7.We are now engaged in a great and most glorious （glory） cause， never undertaken by our forefathers.
8.The state of the Chinese civilization was equally inviting to an invader （invade）.
维度三：固定搭配和句式
1.She was so generous that she gave away a large sum of money （一大笔钱） to the school.
2.They need more materials relevant to （与……有关） the present question.
3.The soldiers and villagers fought against （与……作斗争） the flood shoulder to shoulder.
4.He worked so hard. It is no wonder that （难怪） he has passed the examination.
5. Not only do the nurses demand a pay rise （护士不仅要求提高工资）， but they also want to reduce working hours as well.
维度四：课文语法填空
Due to the aggression of the Japanese army in 1937，Peking University， Tsinghua University and Nankai University 1. joined （join） together in Kunming as National Southwest Associated University to save their educational and intellectual heritage， otherwise 2. known （know） as Lianda.
Both professors and students walked more than 2，000 kilometres 3. with Japanese bombs falling on the way.Though conditions were little 4. better （good） once they reached the remote and mountainous south-west part of China， they were faced with lack of food， books and equipment， and sometimes air attacks.
In spite of the immense hardships and the daunting challenges， the nation’s intellectual heritage was not only guarded but fortified 5. by the passion and belief of the worthy academics of Lianda.
6. Driven （drive） by a sense of commitment， a great many joined the army 7. to fight （fight） against the Japanese invaders. One tenth of the thousands of college students from all over China who served as interpreters were from Lianda.
Though Lianda is now 8. physically （physical） gone， it has become the crowning glory of China’s modern universities because of its prominent professors and 9. talented （talent） students and its strong spirit of perseverance and dedication.More than eighty years later， the priceless 10. contribution （contribute） of Lianda is still valuable.
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
I am a Canadian artist living in Victoria. My work focuses on peace. My art helps me find answers， or at least deal with some of the worrying realities of the modern day.
My trips to Baghdad standing for peace caused huge stress for my family and me. It took a few years before I was able to come to accept that whole experience and work out how to continue to work as an artist.I put my energy into creating natural art facilities that awoke a sense of peace in myself and others. I set up my first project in a large field， using a simple parent-child design. I later did two similar， small works， one in Scotland and the other in Baghdad.
I wanted to create something more permanent （长久的）， however， and so I created the Peace Image in Hudson’s Hope. It can’t be seen very well on the ground these days， because the locals just loved riding over the large piles of dirt. I don’t mind that at all. The Peace Image still turns up well from the air and on Google Maps though.
For more than 50 years now， I’ve felt pleased to be able to express myself through my art. In the autumn of 2013， I was encouraged to lead the creation of a Peace Garden art project at Woodwynn Farms in Central Saanich. After everything we had been through， it was such a gift to work closely with my wife， Elizabeth Wellburn， a talented artist. It was and still is a labour of love.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者作为一个支持和平的艺术家的经历和感受。
1.What made the author suffer from great pressure？（ ）
A.His lack of enough money.
B.Some worrying realities.
C.The failure of his first project.
D.His strong support for peace.
解析：D 推理判断题。根据第二段中的My trips to Baghdad standing for peace caused huge stress for my family and me.可知，让作者感到有压力的是他对和平的大力支持。
2.Why did the author create the Peace Image？（ ）
A.To produce a more lasting thing.
B.To raise people’s awareness of peace.
C.To make people remember him.
D.To satisfy local people’s requirements.
解析：A 细节理解题。根据第三段中的I wanted to create something ...in Hudson’s Hope.可知，作者创作Peace Image的原因是想要创造出一件更为长久的作品。
3.How does the author feel about his own artistic works？（ ）
A.Doubtful. B.Discouraged.
C.Satisfied. D.Confident.
解析：C 观点态度题。根据第四段中的For more than 50 years now，I’ve felt pleased to be able to express myself through my art.可推出，作者对自己的艺术作品是满意的。
4.What is a suitable title for the text？（ ）
A.An Artist Concentrating on Peace Design
B.The Life Story of a Canadian Artist
C.Artistic Works Meaning a Labour of Love
D.An Unforgettable Experience
解析：A 标题归纳题。文章为“总—分—总”结构，第一段点明文章主旨，讲述了作者是一位支持和平的艺术家，再结合下文内容可知，本文主要讲述了这位艺术家在维护和平方面的经历和感受。
B
If you want to tell the history of the whole world， a history that does not privilege one part of humanity， you cannot do it through texts alone， because only some of the world has ever had texts， while most of the world， for most of the time， has not. Writing is one of humanity’s later achievements， and until fairly recently even many literate （有文字的） societies recorded their concerns not only in writing but in things.
Ideally a history would bring together texts and objects， and some chapters of this book are able to do just that， but in many cases we simply can’t. The clearest example of this between literate and non-literate history is perhaps the first conflict， at Botany Bay， between Captain Cook’s voyage and the Australian Aboriginals. From the English side， we have scientific reports and the captain’s record of that terrible day. From the Australian side， we have only a wooden shield （盾） dropped by a man in flight after his first experience of gunshot. If we want to reconstruct what was actually going on that day， the shield must be questioned and interpreted as deeply and strictly as the written reports.
In addition to the problem of miscomprehension from both sides， there are victories accidentally or deliberately twisted， especially when only the victors know how to write. Those who are on the losing side often have only their things to tell their stories. The Caribbean Taino， the Australian Aboriginals， the African people of Benin and the Incas， all of whom appear in this book， can speak to us now of their past achievements most powerfully through the objects they made： a history told through things gives them back a voice. When we consider contact between literate and non-literate societies such as these， all our first-hand accounts are necessarily twisted， only one half of a dialogue. If we are to find the other half of that conversation， we have to read not just the texts， but the objects.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。对于历史事件的考证不能仅凭文字记录，要注重文字记录和实物相互印证，以帮助我们重现真实的历史。
5.What is the first paragraph mainly about？（ ）
A.How past events should be presented.
B.What humanity is concerned about.
C.Whether facts speak louder than words.
D.Why written language is reliable.
解析：A 段落大意题。根据第一段内容可知，如果你想讲述整个世界的历史，你就不能仅依靠文字。因为文字是人类的后期成果之一，直到最近甚至许多有文字的社会不仅用文字，还用实物来记载对他们重要的事情。所以此段是说过去的历史事件应结合文字和实物来呈现。
6.What does the author indicate by mentioning Captain Cook in Paragraph 2？（ ）
A.His report was scientific.
B.He represented the local people.
C.He ruled over Botany Bay.
D.His record was one-sided.
解析：D 推理判断题。根据第二段首句以及该段最后一句可知，库克船长的记录是片面的。
7.What does the underlined word “conversation” in Paragraph 3 refer to？（ ）
A.Problem. B.History.
C.Voice. D.Society.
解析：B 词义猜测题。根据第三段中的a history told through things gives them back a voice和本段最后两句可知，only one half of a dialogue与other half of that conversation呼应，共同构成更客观的历史全貌。由此可知，conversation指的是历史。
8.Which of the following books is the text most likely selected from？（ ）
A.How Maps Tell Stories of the World
B.A Short History of Australia
C.A History of the World in 100 Objects
D.How Art Works Tell Stories
解析：C 推理判断题。根据全文内容可知，本文讲述的重点是强调历史实物考证的重要性，故本文最可能选自《100件实物中的世界历史》。
C
Is war unavoidable？Can war be prevented？
History tells that there were wars， great or small， in every century， in every decade.Throughout the ages， from the Stone Age to the Atomic Age， men have been fighting， first with swords and shields （盾）， then with guns and cannons， and now， hydrogen bombs and missiles are used for military purposes.But， in spite of all these， it is still my belief that war can be prevented and peace can be won， but it requires the effort of every one of us.
I am sure that we would not like to experience another world war.If it ever happens， two-thirds of the world and much of the civilisation which men have gained through time， patience and effort will be destroyed.Will then the remaining one-third of the world be able to survive on its own？
Our task now is not to blame the past， but to plan for the future.
If there is peace in the world， men can use their rockets to explore the mystery of space， their submarines to explore the depth of the sea， their missiles to deliver mails and their fine equipment to penetrate （穿透） the jungles of Africa， instead of using them militarily.
Governments can use their money to build more schools， so that more children can be educated to be useful citizens.Scientists can use atomic energy to propel （推动） steamships and planes.They can also design new machines to increase the production of goods and thus improve the way of living of the people.
How can a peaceful world be achieved？It requires， in my opinion， the understanding and friendship between all people from all nations.Let no one suffer discrimination by reason of colour， race， religion， or national origin.Let the rich support the poor and the strong help the weak.
We know that neither peace nor such a dream world can come true in a day or a month.It may even take decades or centuries.But let us plan and begin now.
语篇解读：本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讨论了人类是否能够防范战争的问题。
9.In the writer’s opinion， .（ ）
A.it is too difficult to achieve peace
B.peace can be won through the efforts of all human beings
C.another world war is inevitable
D.wars will always exist in the world
解析：B 细节理解题。根据第二段中的it is still my belief that war can be prevented and peace can be won， but it requires the effort of every one of us可知，在作者看来，和平可以通过全人类的努力来赢得。
10.Which word can best describe the writer’s picture of the future of the world？（ ）
A.Optimistic. B.Pessimistic.
C.Imaginative. D.Disappointing.
解析：A 推理判断题。根据第四至六段内容可知，作者设想在将来，人类将武器和资源用于改善人民的生活，因而“乐观”一词可以最好地描述作者想象的画面。
11.What can we infer from the passage？（ ）
A.Wars were not expensive in the past.
B.Wars can promote the development of weapons.
C.Things for military use can be transformed to peaceful use.
D.As long as there are wars， people’s way of living cannot be improved.
解析：C 推理判断题。根据第五段内容可知，军事设备可用于和平用途。
12.What’s the best title for this passage？（ ）
A.The Past and the Future
B.To Die or to Survive
C.War and Peace
D.Understanding and Friendship
解析：C 标题归纳题。通读全文可知，文章主要论述了防范战争的可能性以及为了和平我们该怎么办。因此C项（战争与和平）最适合作文章标题。
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
Do you know some surprising innovations that came from World War Ⅰ？ Here are some introductions.
Daylight Saving Time
The idea of fiddling （不停摆弄） with the clock has been around since ancient times， but it was not until World WarⅠ that governments around the globe officially adopted daylight saving time. Why？ To save resources such as fuel and extend the workday for the war effort. 13.（ ）， and the Allies followed shortly after. To clear up confusion about the concept， a newspaper used a comic strip to explain the first “spring forward” in the United States in 1918.
Blood Banks
14.（ ）， but doctors barely performed them before World War Ⅰ， when they were accomplished by transfusing blood directly from one person to another. Captain Oswald Robertson， a US Army Reserve doctor consulting with the British army， recognized the need to stock blood before casualties（伤员） emerged.
Hollywood
With so much of Europe in the gunfire， the European film industry had to scale back （缩减） dramatically.15.（ ）. Hollywood was still in its early stage， but its studios soon made fortunes producing wartime movies. The war itself provided material for countless movies in the 1920s and 1930s， including Wings， the winner of the first Academy Awards.
Plastic Surgery
16.（ ）. British army surgeon Harold Gillies and his colleagues performed more than 11，000 operations， mostly on soldiers suffering from facial wounds from gunshots. 17.（ ）.
There were other innovations made during World WarⅠ， such as wristwatches， modern passports， zippers， drones， etc.
A.The Germans did it first in 1916
B.That opened the door for the Americans
C.Blood transfusions （输血） date back to the 1600s
D.Gillies’ operation became successful immediately
E.World War Ⅰ left thousands of men scarred and maimed
F.Gillies became known as the father of modern plastic surgery
G.After World WarⅠ the blood banks appeared in the United States
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一些在第一次世界大战期间出现的新事物，如夏令时、血库、好莱坞以及整形手术等。
13.A 空后提到：协约国很快也采用了夏令时。A项（德国人在1916年率先采用了夏令时）与下文衔接紧密，且都在描述一战时的情况，符合语境。
14.C 空后的连词but表转折，且提到在一战之前医生们很少给病人输血。C项（输血起始于17世纪）与but后内容形成转折关系，符合语境。
15.B 空前提到：由于很多欧洲国家处于战火之中，欧洲电影业的规模也急剧缩减。B项（那给美国人打开了大门）与上文形成因果关系，符合语境。
16.E 空后提到：英国的军医Harold Gillies和他的同事们给很多在战争中受伤的士兵做手术，这些手术大部分针对因枪击导致面部受伤的士兵。E项（第一次世界大战让许多士兵留下伤疤、落下残疾）引出下文，符合语境。
17.F 空前提到：英国的军医Harold Gillies和他的同事们给很多在战争中受伤的士兵做手术，这些手术大部分针对因枪击导致面部受伤的士兵。F项（Gillies作为现代整形外科手术之父而出名）与上文形成因果关系，符合语境。
Ⅲ.应用文写作
你校正举办主题为Heroic peacemakers in history的英语征文活动。请你以一位中国的战斗英雄为题写一篇短文，内容包括：
1.人物事迹；
2.人物启示。
注意：1.写作词数应为80左右；
2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
参考范文：
Qiu Shaoyun， a soldier in the People’s Liberation Army during the early 1950s， displayed extraordinary heroism in the Korean War when he chose to endure fatal burns to protect his comrades.
Qiu sacrificed his life for the revolutionary cause at the young age of 26， and his spirit was immortalized.His story reminds us that the cost of war is immense and that the preservation of peace is something everyone should strive for. As we admire his courage and loyalty， we are inspired to cherish peace and go for a harmonious world.
17 / 17Section Ⅱ Using language
主谓一致（1）
①Your enemy is well trained， well equipped and battle-hardened ...
②The enemy were hiding， ready to attack the Allied soldiers even before they reached land.
③Seventy years later， men who had fought on D-Day gathered on both sides of the English Channel， where people were coming together for memorial ceremonies.
【我的发现】
1.句①、句②中，enemy是集体名词，当集体名词表示一个整体时，谓语动词用 单 数形式；表示组成集体的成员时，谓语动词用 复 数形式。
2.句③中，集体名词表示复数含义，作主语时谓语通常也用 复 数形式。
一、主谓一致概述
主谓一致是指句子的谓语动词在“人称”和“数”上必须和主语保持一致。一般可根据三个原则来确定：意义一致原则、语法一致原则和就近一致原则。本章节我们主要讲解意义一致原则。
二、意义一致原则的用法
主语和谓语动词的一致关系并非取决于语法上的单复数形式，而是取决于主语的单复数意义。比如有时主语在语法形式上并非复数形式，但表示复数含义，随后的谓语动词便用复数形式；反之，主语在语法形式上是复数形式，而在意义上可视为单数，随后的谓语动词也用单数形式。这种一致关系叫作“意义一致”。用法如下：
1.集体名词作主语时的主谓一致
（1）集体名词作主语，如果表示一个整体概念时，谓语动词就用单数形式；如果强调组成集体的各个成员时，谓语动词就用复数形式。常见的这类名词有： family， class， team， group， enemy， army， audience， band， club， crowd， staff， committee， company， crew， government， public等。
There was a big audience at the evening party.
晚会上观众很多。
The audience were all deeply impressed by the plot.
剧情给观众留下了深刻的印象。
The football team is being organized.
这支足球队正在组建。
（2）个别集体名词，如people， police， cattle等作主语，谓语动词必须用复数形式。
How many people were present at the meeting？
有多少人参加了会议？
The cattle are grazing at the foot of the hill.
牛群正在山脚下吃草。
2.单复数同形的名词作主语时的主谓一致
单复数同形的名词作主语时，根据其意义是单数概念还是复数概念来判断谓语用单数还是用复数，如means，sheep， deer， works等。
Every means has been tried many times.
每一种办法都已经被尝试过很多次了。
All possible means have been tried many times.
所有可能的方法都试过很多次了。
This works was built in 1982.
这个工厂是1982年建的。
3.单数概念的复数形式名词作主语时的主谓一致
单数概念的复数形式名词（如学科、机构、书名、剧名、国名等）作主语时，谓语通常用单数形式，如：physics，mathematics/maths，economics，politics，gymnastics，the United States，the United Nations，A Dream in Red Mansions， Anderson’s Fairy Tales等。
Mathematics seems to be difficult to me.
数学对我而言似乎很难。
The Arabian Nights is a very interesting book.
《一千零一夜》是一本非常有趣的书。
【即时演练1】 单句语法填空
①Almost every family in the country owns （own） a television.
②All my family are （be） fond of skiing.
③A committee of five men and three women is （be） to consider the matter.
④At this time yesterday the police were seeking （seek） more information from witnesses.
⑤Physics is （be） a difficult subject for most students.
4.“两部分”概念的物体名词作主语时的主谓一致
由两部分组成的物体名词作主语时，谓语动词常用复数形式。但是如果这些词由单位词（a pair of， a kind of， a suit of， a piece of等）修饰时，单位词的单复数决定谓语动词的单复数。这类名词有chopsticks， compasses， glasses， gloves， jeans， pants， scissors， shoes， shorts， socks， trousers等。
My trousers are white and his clothes are black.
我的裤子是白色的，他的衣服是黑色的。
A pair of scissors is lying in that drawer.
那个抽屉里放着一把剪刀。
These kinds of glasses are very popular this summer.
这几种眼镜今年夏天很受欢迎。
5.表示距离、时间、长度、金额等的名词短语作主语时的主谓一致
当名词短语的中心词为表示距离、时间、长度、金额等的复数名词时，往往把这些复数名词看作一个整体，谓语动词用单数形式。这类复数名词有miles， dollars， pounds， kilograms， kilometres， centimetres， millimetres， seconds， hours， years等。
Three weeks is a long time to wait for an answer.
对于等待一个答案来说，三周是一段很长的时间。
Twenty kilometres is a quite long distance.
二十公里是一段相当长的距离。
6.“the＋形容词或过去分词”表示一类人作主语时的主谓一致
“the＋形容词或过去分词”表示一类人时，谓语动词用复数形式；如 “the＋形容词”指一个人或表示一种抽象概念或品质时，谓语动词用单数形式。
The wounded were saved by the villagers at last.
最后，伤员们被村民们救起。
The wounded in the accident was a policeman.
这次事故的受伤者是一名警察。
【即时演练2】 补全句子
①Usually， the wise are listening not speaking .
通常，智者只听不说。
②After they learn about relevant information， the old are for the decision but the young are against it .
了解相关信息之后，老年人赞成这一决定，但是年轻人反对它。
③Twenty years is a long time in one’s life .
20年在一个人的一生中是一段很长的时间。
④A suit of gloves was left on the bus last Sunday.
上个星期天公共汽车上落下了一副手套。
remove ...from 将……从……中移开（拿走、除掉）；将某人从……撤职（免职）
【教材原句】 They work to disarm combatants and to secure weapons and ammunition， removing them from use.
他们致力于解除战斗人员的武装，保护武器和弹药，使其停止使用。
【用法】
（1）remove v. 移开，拿开；脱去，摘下；去除，排除；免除 remove into 搬进 remove ...to 把……搬到，把……迁移到 remove one’s doubts 消除某人的疑虑 （2）removal n. 移动，去除；免职，解职
【佳句】 The men came to remove the rubbish from the backyard.这些人来清除后院的垃圾。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①As a consequence of the removal （remove） of computer virus， the system quickly returns to normal.
②He removed the painting to the wall of another room.
【写美】 补全句子
③When I have difficulty in oral English， what you said has completely removed my doubts .
当我在英语口语有困难时，你所说的话完全消除了我的疑虑。（感谢信）
be based on 以……为基础
【教材原句】 Act out an interview based on the information you have found.
根据你找到的信息表演一场面试。
【用法】
（1）base v. 以……为基础 n. 基部；基础；基地 base ...on/upon 把……建立在……基础之上 a millitary base 军事基地 （2）basis n. 基础；根据 on the basis of sth 在某事的基础上；根据某事 （3）basic adj. 基本的；基础的 basic facts 基本事实 （4）basically adv. 基本上；从根本上说
【佳句】 This film is based on a true story that touched the hearts of many people.
这部电影基于一个感动了许多人的真实故事。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①She always reminds us that the basic （base） rule we should follow is to be kind to others.
【写美】 一句多译
②这本书以作者的亲身经历为根据，反映了文化之间的差异。
→The book is based on the writer’s personal experience， reflecting the cultural difference.（base）
→The book is on the basis of the writer’s personal experience， reflecting the cultural difference.（basis）
维度一：基础题型练
单句语法填空
1.Three thousand dollars is （be） quite a lot of money for a boy.
2.A group of sheep are （be） eating grass and leaves at the foot of the hill.
3.All the furniture in the room was bought （buy） last week.
4.The rich are for the plan， while the poor are against it.（be）
5.A new pair of glasses was bought （buy） yesterday for her by her friend.
6. The audience was/were （be） so large that no seat was left unoccupied in the hall.
7.Lisa’s family has been in this city for about sixteen years and her family are all fond of music. （be）
维度二：语法与写作
补全句子
1. There are various means of communicating with a stranger.
同陌生人交流有很多种方法。
2.Mathematics is one of my favorite subjects .
数学是我最喜欢的学科之一。
3.Eighty dollars is enough for the skirt.
八十美元够买这条裙子。
4.The police are searching for a tall dark man with a beard.
警方正在寻找一个高个子、皮肤黝黑、留着胡子的人。
5.When I telephoned yesterday，the family were having dinner .
我昨天打电话时，那一家人正在吃晚饭。
6.Three years have passed since they met last time， and for them， three years is really a long time .
距离他们上次见面已经过去了三年，对他们来说，三年真的是很长时间。
维度三：语法与语篇
用所给单词的适当形式完成下面短文。
The wounded 1. were （be） wearing glasses.They 2. were （be） reading the Arabian Nights， which 3. is （be） a very interesting story-book.Just then， a herd of cattle came from the distance， with furniture on their backs， which 4. was （be） worth 30，000 dollars.This means of transportation 5. is （be） the most convenient one here， because more than 80 percent of the land 6. is covered （cover） with grass.Cattle 7. are （be） common here.
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
Kateryna Shcherbyna has been worried since the war broke out.As a horse owner and trainer， she saw that her horses were having trouble getting grain and hay （草料）. “The problem that arose with the beginning of the war was the delivery of horses’ feed，” Shcherbyna tells Treehugger， a website. “It’s hard to have all the year stock of hay at the place； the land is quite expensive around here.”
Typically， stables （马房） keep their feed as distantly as 250 miles from the barn （棚舍）. “That’s why it was impossible to bring a big truck with the feed to our area during the war. It was dangerous because of the bombs and an enormous number of block posts everywhere，” she says.
Shcherbyna came up with an idea to get a small bus to at least bring small amounts of feed to each stable. A friend brought her a minibus. Then， she drove almost every day to bring hay and grain from the stock not far from her home to the stables she was able to reach.
Besides， Shcherbyna created Help Ukrainian Horses， a Facebook group where people could ask for or offer assistance. While volunteers were able to help the animals that were still in stables， there were other horses that had to live on their own when their owners ran away for safety. “There were a lot of stables on the line of the fire and the only way to be safe was to release horses and get away as fast as possible. It was not possible to take care of them. There were military actions，” Shcherbyna says.
Shcherbyna， who is hoping to find a horse-related position abroad， says she has stayed safe so far.“Luckily， I didn’t get shot during my drives. Although there were some battle planes flying above us， I was lucky enough to live in a village where we did not have any military actions，” she says.
语篇解读：本文是一篇新闻报道。文章讲述了Kateryna Shcherbyna为处于战乱、缺粮少食的马匹运送粮草的故事。
1.What has been bothering Shcherbyna during the war？（ ）
A.The rising land rent of her city.
B.The bomb damage to the stables.
C.The lack of feed for her horses.
D.The decline of her horse business.
解析：C 细节理解题。根据第一段中的horses were having trouble getting grain and hay可知，由于战乱导致运输不畅，Shcherbyna 的马匹缺少粮草。
2.How did Shcherbyna deal with her problem？（ ）
A.By finding barns nearby.
B.By making small deliveries.
C.By freeing horses in the wild.
D.By turning to other horse owners.
解析：B 细节理解题。根据第三段中的Shcherbyna came up with an idea to get a small bus to at least bring small amounts of feed to each stable.可知， Shcherbyna打算通过少量多次的办法来运输粮草。
3.What does Shcherbyna probably think of the horse owners’ behavior during the war？（ ）
A.Understandable. B.Irresponsible.
C.Stupid. D.Creative.
解析：A 观点态度题。根据第四段中的the only way to be safe was to release horses and get away as fast as possible ... There were military actions可推知，Shcherbyna认为一些马的主人放生马匹并逃跑，这在战乱期间是可以理解的选择。
4.What’s Kateryna Shcherbyna’s plan for the future？（ ）
A.Keeping horses in her village.
B.Saving more horses in the wild.
C.Getting a horse-related job abroad.
D.Expanding Help Ukrainian Horses.
解析：C 细节理解题。根据末段中的Shcherbyna， who is hoping to find a horse-related position abroad可知，Shcherbyna未来想要去国外找一份和马有关的工作。
B
On 26 January 1945， Audie Murphy and some 40 US troops sat shaking in the cold near the Alsatian town of Holtzwihr. Just after 2 p.m.， the stillness of winter was suddenly broken. In the distance， some 250 German troops and 6 tanks emerged from the woods.
At just 19 years old， the baby-faced Texan had already won two Silver Stars and the Distinguished Service Cross， and he was leading men 10 years his senior into battle.
Murphy knew that his men stood no chance against so large a force， so he instructed most of them to withdraw to pre-prepared defensive positions along a nearby tree line. As they ran for cover， he stayed behind and used his field telephone to call in an artillery strike. He did not have enough time to contact their artillery commander before salvos（齐射） of German tank fire erupted around him.
Murphy saw their tank destroyer slowly burning， but he saw that its machine was still operational. He quickly seized the gun and opened fire on the German troops nearest his position.
From their cover on the edge of the tree line， most of Murphy’s troops could only watch in shock. “I expected to see the whole tank destroyer blow up under him any minute，”Private Anthony Abramski later wrote. In fact， the blaze may have saved Murphy’s life. Many of the German troops and tank commanders couldn’t see him behind the smoke and flames.
Audie Murphy was called a national hero and awarded the Medal of Honor. Murphy returned home in June 1945. He later started a film career that included more than 40 credits， most of them in Westerns and war films. Reliving the horrors of combat in front of the camera proved difficult for Murphy， who had suffered from nightmares and flashbacks since returning home. He later urged the US government to provide better mental health care for its soldiers. He also hoped people would always live in peace.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了奥迪·墨菲在一次战役中的英勇行为。
5.What do we know about Murphy before the battle？（ ）
A.He wasn’t known to anyone.
B.He had received many awards.
C.He was the oldest in his troops.
D.He wasn’t thought highly of by others.
解析：B 细节理解题。根据第二段内容可知，在这次战役前墨菲已经获得了很多奖。
6.How did Murphy react when seeing the German troops？（ ）
A.He hesitated to take action.
B.He was too frightened to do anything.
C.He became excited and decided to attack.
D.He withdrew his troops to an unexposed position.
解析：D 细节理解题。根据第三段第一句和As they ran for cover可知，墨菲让他的部队撤退到有掩护的地方。
7.Which of the following played a role in saving Murphy’s life？（ ）
A.The cover of the nearby tree line.
B.The help offered by the artillery commander.
C.His being invisible behind smoke and flames.
D.His skill in operating the tank destroyer.
解析：C 细节理解题。根据第五段最后两句可知，墨菲身边的烟雾和战火使得敌军看不到他，因此他才得以幸存。
8.What can be inferred about Murphy’s post-war life？（ ）
A.He left the horrors of combat behind him.
B.He encouraged people to honor war heroes.
C.He greatly suffered mentally.
D.He failed to find a job.
解析：C 推理判断题。根据末段中的Reliving the horrors of combat in front of the camera proved difficult for Murphy，who had suffered from nightmares and flashbacks since returning home.可知，战后墨菲在精神上饱受折磨。
C
Reading a new book of ancient stories translated by great writers， I was surprised to discover how widely the tale of the Trojan War has been told down the ages.A diverse range of authors have been moved to translate various versions of the classical myth （神话）.One reason the Trojan War has struck such a chord is that， besides being an excellent story， it has long been suspected to have actually happened.
It isn’t surprising that people have been convinced of the reality of the Trojan War.The cruel realities of battle are described so unflinchingly （果敢地） in The Iliad， an ancient Greek epic （史诗） by Homer， that it is hard to believe they were not based on observation.Troy， the ancient city located at Hisarlik in present-day Turkey， is described in such vivid colour in the epic that a reader cannot help but be transported to its splendid walls.
It was in fact the possibility of rediscovering Homer’s Troy that led the rich Prussian businessman， Heinrich Schliemann， to travel to Hisarlik in the late 19th century.Told of a possible location for the city， Schliemann began to dig， and uncovered a large number of ancient treasures， many of which are now on display at the British Museum.Although he initially thought many finds belonged to the period in which Homer set the Trojan War when they were in fact centuries older， he had dug the correct location.Most historians agree that ancient Troy was to be found at Hisarlik.Troy was real.
But a historic Trojan War would have been quite different from the one that dominates Homer’s epic.It is hard to imagine a war taking place on quite the scale the poet described， and lasting as long as 10 years when the citadel （城堡） was fairly small.Whether the Trojan War myth was inspired by a war waged long ago， or was just an original invention， it left its mark on the world， and is still of exceptional historic importance.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章探讨了特洛伊战争到底是神话还是真实的历史事件。
9.What does the underlined part “struck such a chord” in Paragraph 1 probably mean？（ ）
A.Made its name.
B.Spread the word.
C.Changed many people’s opinions.
D.Touched many people’s hearts.
解析：D 词义猜测题。根据画线部分前的内容可知，作者在阅读一本由多位伟大作家翻译的古代故事书时惊讶地发现，特洛伊战争的故事随处可见。众多作家都受到感动，翻译了这则古典神话的各种版本。由此可推知，画线部分指的是特洛伊战争能够“触动很多人的心弦”。
10.What does Paragraph 2 tell us about the tale of the Trojan War described in The Iliad？（ ）
A.It is too true to life.
B.It falls short of details.
C.It is based on observation.
D.It focuses on brave soldiers.
解析：A 推理判断题。通读第二段可知，人们相信特洛伊战争是真实发生过的，这一点并不奇怪。由荷马创作的古希腊史诗《伊利亚特》描述了残酷的战争场景，那些描述如此果敢，让人很难相信它们不是基于观察来进行描写的。荷马对特洛伊古城的描述非常生动，仿佛把读者带入了这座古城。由此推知，《伊利亚特》中描述的特洛伊战争故事太过逼真。
11.What caused Heinrich Schliemann’s visit to Hisarlik？（ ）
A.His love for traveling.
B.The chance of finding Troy.
C.His ambition to expand his business.
D.The possibility of uncovering ancient treasures.
解析：B 细节理解题。根据第三段中的It was in fact ... the late 19th century.可知，事实上，在19世纪后期，正是因为有发现特洛伊古城的可能性，普鲁士富商海因里希·施里曼才前往希沙里克。
12.Which of the following can be the best title for the text？（ ）
A.Did the Trojan War Actually Happen？
B.Homer： a True “Influencer” Back Then
C.Ancient Troy： the City and the Legend
D.What Inspired Homer to Write The Iliad？
解析：A 标题归纳题。通读全文可知，第一段首先介绍了特洛伊战争的故事引起了大家的共鸣，其中一个原因就是一直有人怀疑那场战争是真实发生过的；第二段和第三段介绍了很多人认为特洛伊战争是真实历史事件的原因；最后一段指出，实际情况与荷马描写的情况可能大不相同，但不论事实如何，特洛伊战争都具有特殊的历史意义。因此A项为本文最佳标题。
Ⅱ.完形填空
（2024·山东鄄城一中高二下月考）Alia Baker is a librarian in Iraq. Her library used to be a 13 place for all who loved books and liked to share knowledge. They discussed various matters all over the world.When the war was near， Alia was 14 that the fires of war would destroy the books， which are more 15 to her than mountains of gold.The books are in every language — new books， ancient books， even a book on the history of Iraq that is seven hundred years old.
She had asked the government for 16 to move the books to a 17 place， but they refused.So Alia took matters into her own hands. 18 ， she brought books home every night， filling her car late after work. Her friends came to help her when the war broke out. Anis who owned a restaurant 19 to hide some books. All through the night， Alia， Anis， his brothers and neighbours took the books from the library， 20 them over the seven foot wall and 21 them in the restaurant. The books stayed hidden as the war 22 . Then nine days later， a fire burned the 23 to the ground.
One day， the bombing stopped and the 24 left. But the war was not over yet. Alia knew that if the books were to be safe， they must be 25 again while the city was 26 . So she hired a truck to bring all the books to the houses of friends in the suburbs （郊区）. Now Alia waited for the war to end and 27 peace and a new library.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了主人公Alia Baker是一名图书管理员，在战争中，她在朋友的帮助下，先后两次转移图书，竭尽全力保护图书安全的故事。
13. A.meeting B.working
C.personal D.religious
解析：A 根据上文可知，Alia Baker是图书管理员，热爱书籍的人应该是在她的图书馆见面，分享知识。meeting会面的；working工作上的；personal私人的；religious宗教的。
14. A.worried B.angry
C.doubtful D.curious
解析：A 根据语境可知，当战争临近时，她担心战火会毁了这些书。worried担心的；angry生气的；doubtful怀疑的；curious好奇的。
15. A.practical B.precious
C.reliable D.expensive
解析：B Alia Baker担心战火会毁了这些书，由此可知，书在她心中是珍贵的，甚至比金山更珍贵。practical实际的；precious珍贵的；reliable可信赖的；expensive昂贵的。
16. A.permission B.confirmation
C.explanation D.information
解析：A 根据下文but they refused可知，想要把书移到一个安全的地方，是需要得到政府的许可的。permission准许；confirmation证实；explanation解释；information信息。
17. A.large B.public
C.distant D.safe
解析：D 根据上文可知，战争临近，Alia Baker担心战火会毁了这些书。由此可推断，她是想把书转移到一个安全的地方。large大的；public公共的；distant遥远的；safe安全的。
18. A.Fortunately B.Surprisingly
C.Seriously D.Secretly
解析：D 上文提到她请求政府准许把这些书移到一个安全的地方，但是他们拒绝了。所以她应该是秘密地做转移书的事情。fortunately幸运地；surprisingly令人惊讶地；seriously严肃地；secretly秘密地。
19. A.intended B.pretended
C.happened D.agreed
解析：D 根据上文Her friends came to help her when the war broke out.可知，她的朋友来帮助她。由此可推断，Anis同意帮助她藏一些书。并且下文提到他们把书从图书馆里运出来，然后藏到餐馆里。intend打算；pretend假装；happen发生；agree同意。
20. A.put B.opened
C.passed D.threw
解析：C 根据语境可知，他们应该是先从图书馆取出书，越过七英尺高的墙，再传递给外面的人，才能把书运出去。put放；open打开；pass传递；throw扔。
21. A.hid B.exchanged
C.burnt D.distributed
解析：A 根据上文Anis who owned a restaurant 19 to hide some books.可知，他们把书藏在餐馆里。hide藏；exchange交换；burn燃烧；distribute分配。
22. A.approached B.erupted
C.continued D.ended
解析：C 根据上文The books stayed hidden可知，书一直藏着，战争一直在持续。approach接近；erupt爆发；continue持续；end结束。
23. A.restaurant B.library
C.city D.wall
解析：B 根据文章最后一句可知，Alia梦想着和平和一个新图书馆。由此可推断，之前的图书馆被烧毁了。restaurant餐馆；library图书馆；city城市；wall墙。
24. A.neighbours B.soldiers
C.friends D.customers
解析：B 下文提到她雇了一辆卡车，把所有的书转移到郊区的朋友家。根据常识推断，只有轰炸停止了，士兵们离开了，Alia才有机会去转移书。neighbour邻居；soldier士兵；friend朋友；customer顾客。
25.A.sold B.read
C.saved D.moved
解析：D 下文提到她把书转移到郊区的朋友家，由此可推断出，此处应该是书被再次移动。sell卖；read读；save拯救；move移动。
26.A.occupied B.bombed
C.quiet D.busy
解析：C 根据上文One day， the bombing stopped and the 24 left.可知，轰炸停止了，士兵们离开了，城市此时应该是安静的。occupied被占领的；bombed烂醉如泥的；quiet安静的；busy忙碌的。
27.A.dreamed of B.believed in
C.cared about D.looked for
解析：A 根据上文可知，一场大火把图书馆夷为平地，所以她一定是梦想着和平和一个新图书馆。dream of梦想；believe in相信；care about关心；look for寻找。
Ⅲ.语法填空
Lover’s Grief over the Yellow River is a famous war film that describes the heroic struggles of Chinese soldiers during the Second Sino-Japanese War. Set in the background of the Yellow River， the film tells 28. powerful story of love， courage and determination.
Directed by Feng Xiaoning， the film represents the emotional journey of a young couple 29. （separate） by the war， and 30. （vivid） shows their strong love and willpower to reunite， despite the chaos and devastation around them.
31. artistic cinematography （电影摄影术） and storytelling， Lover’s Grief over the Yellow River brings the cruelty of war to life. It demonstrates the 32. （brave） of Chinese soldiers as they fought 33. （defend） their homeland， and the deep impact the war had on ordinary people.
Lover’s Grief over the Yellow River is not only a war film， but also proof of the 34. （courage） spirit of the Chinese people. It serves as a reminder of the sacrifices made by those 35. fought for their country’s freedom and the strength of love that 36. （stand） the harshest circumstances.
This film 37. （touch） the hearts of audiences worldwide ever since it first appeared on the screen and this influence will surely continue on and on.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一部以抗日战争为背景的国产电影《黄河绝恋》。
28.a 考查冠词。story 是可数名词，此处泛指一个关于爱、勇气和决心的故事，且空后powerful的发音以辅音音素开头，故填不定冠词 a。
29.separated 考查非谓语动词。separate 和 a young couple 存在逻辑上的动宾关系，应用过去分词作定语。故填separated。
30.vividly 考查词形转换。根据空后的动词shows可知，本空应用副词形式。故填vividly。
31.With 考查介词。空处在句中作状语，意为“利用……”。故填With。
32.bravery 考查词形转换。根据空前的定冠词the及空后的of Chinese soldiers可知，本空应用名词 bravery作宾语。
33.to defend 考查非谓语动词。空处作目的状语，应用动词不定式形式，故填to defend。
34.courageous 考查词形转换。本空修饰名词spirit 作定语，应用形容词courageous，意为“勇往直前的精神”。
35.who 考查定语从句。句中先行词为表示“人”的代词 those，需用 who 引导限制性定语从句。
36.stands 考查动词的时态和主谓一致。本句的主语是the strength of love，且表示客观事实，应用一般现在时的第三人称单数形式。
37.has been touching 考查动词的时态。根据句中的时间状语ever since it first appeared on the screen 可知，此处需用现在完成时，另外根据 this influence will surely continue on and on 可知，这种影响将会继续下去，需用进行时态。故填has been touching。
13 / 13UNIT 3 War and peace
单元话题导入
本单元涉及的主题语境内容是战争与和平。本单元语篇从不同角度讨论了战争给人们带来的伤害和影响，介绍了不同历史背景下的英雄们在维护和平的过程中所扮演的重要角色，旨在通过“战争与和平”这一话题，引导我们认识战争的残酷与和平的重要性，意识到虽然身处和平年代，仍要居安思危、不忘过往，从而培养我们对和平的热爱与向往。
看图感悟语境，选词填空。
invade， sacrifice， condemn， despite， be involved in， regardless of
1. Despite the fact that people are eager for peace， many countries are involved in the modern war.
2.To our astonishment， some countries invade other countries regardless of the safety of people， which brings great disaster to mankind.
3.In the war， many people sacrificed their lives or became disabled.People condemn the war， which draws attention of the whole world.
1 / 1单元素养提升
◇本单元语法学了什么内容？ ◇自我评价
◇本单元写作练了哪个方面？
回顾单元知识·提高语言能力
一、 核心单词
1. objective n. 目的，目标
2. coastline n. 海岸线
3. tank n. 坦克
4. recall v. 回想，回忆起
5. barely adv. 勉强才能
6. memorial adj. 纪念的，追悼的
7. outstanding adj. 杰出的，优秀的
8. uniform n. 制服
9. bomb v. 轰炸
10. friction n. 冲突，摩擦
11. weapon n. 武器，兵器
12. academic adj. 学术的
13. emerge v. 出现
14. representative n. 代表
15. sum n. 金额，款项
16. grain n. 谷物，粮食
Ⅰ.选用上面单词并用其适当形式填空
1.Realism was an artistic movement that emerged in Europe in the mid-nineteenth century.
2.Tsinghua University， founded in 1911， is home to a great number of outstanding figures.
3.He suffered a serious injury in the leg so he was barely able to stand.
4.The schools here offer different after-class activities.For them social skills are more important than academic achievements.
5.The school agreed to form a committee mainly consisting of representatives of teachers and parents.
6.Yesterday I went back to my primary school， where my teachers and I recalled our good old days.
7.Although the objective seems difficult to reach at present， we will keep working hard until we succeed.
8.A memorial stone was dedicated to those killed in the war.
9.An enormous sum of money is invested each year into the convenience store market.
二、拓展单词
1. violent adj.狂暴的，凶暴的→violence n.暴力
2. horror n.惊恐→horrible adj.令人惊恐的
3. liberate v.解放（城市、国家等）→liberation n.解放
4. stability n.稳固，稳定→stable adj.稳定的
5. aggression n.侵略→aggressive adj.侵略性的→aggressively adv.侵略地
6. intellectual adj.智力的，脑力的→intellectually adv.智力地，智力上
7. invader n.侵略者，侵略军→invade v.侵略→invasion n.侵略
8. glory n.辉煌的成就；荣耀的事→glorious adj.光荣的，荣耀的
9. dedication n.奉献→dedicate v.把……奉献给→dedicated adj.献身的，专心致志的
10. relevant adj.有关的，切题的→relevance n.意义，相关性→relevantly adv.相关地
Ⅱ.用所给单词的适当形式填空
1.Li Bai grew up in the most glorious （glory） period of the Tang Dynasty， a time of economic boom and social stability.
2.The detective checked the scene of the violence （violent） and took the suspect’s fingerprints.
3.The old man is said to have gone through many hardships before liberation （liberate）.
4.Teaching activities in the classroom is a complicated， intellectually （intellectual） and physically demanding task.
5.With a certain amount of dedication （dedicate） and determination， you can achieve a great deal.
6.Being back with their family should provide emotional stability （stable） for the children.
7.We need to assess the relevance （relevant） of each option before making a decision.
8.The country is on high alert against the possible invasion （invade） being planned by the enemy.
三、重点短语
1. be made up of 由……组成
2. free ...from 使……摆脱
3. have confidence in 对……有信心
4. nothing less than 简直是；极其；不亚于
5. prepare for 为……做准备
6. make it 获得成功；准时到达
7. meet up with 与……会合；见面
8. come up with 想出，提出
9. due to 由于
10. refer to ...as ... 把……称为……
11. a sense of 一种……感
12. hold down 按住
13. a large sum of 一大笔
14. a lack of 缺乏
15. break through 突围
16. track down 追查，追踪
17. fight against 与……作斗争
18. in memory of 为了纪念
Ⅲ.选用上面短语并用其适当形式填空
1.To achieve a goal， you must have confidence in yourself.
2.The voluntary group was made up of mainly high school students.
3.When you meet up with challenges， welcome them.
4.When she heard that the exam was coming soon， she began to work hard to prepare for it.
5. Due to the heavy rain， there were many vacant seats in the theatre this evening.
6.The police knocked over the suspect and held down his head onto the ground.
7.What he has achieved is nothing less than a miracle， which surprises everyone.
8.The voluntary service saved you a large sum of money for finding your pets.
四、经典句式
1.独立主格结构
Code-named “Operation Overlord”， it was the largest combined sea， air and land operation in history， the aim being to free north-west Europe from German occupation （目的是解放德国占领的欧洲西北部地区）.
2.not only ...but also ...连接并列成分
...the nation’s intellectual heritage was not only guarded but fortified （不仅得到了保护，还得到了强化） by the passion and belief of the worthy academics of Lianda.
3.It is＋名词＋that从句
It is no wonder that （难怪） many， if not most， of China’s leading scholars and scientists emerged at Lianda， including the two Nobel Prize-winning physicists， Yang Zhenning and Li Zhengdao.
Ⅳ.句式仿写
1.He lay in the bed， his head resting on his arm .
他躺在床上，头枕在胳膊上。
2.The activity will not only help students get access to more knowledge but also cultivate their abilities of Chinese poetry appreciation.
该活动不仅可以帮助学生获得更多的知识，还可以培养他们的中国诗歌欣赏能力。
3.He works hard. It is no wonder that he has obtained high marks.
他学习努力。难怪他会取得那么高的分数。
整合话题元素·增强思维品质
一、和平之路
1.humanity n. 人类
2.purpose n. 目的
3.moral n. 品行，道德
4.support v. 支持
5.cruelty n. 残酷，残酷行为
6.motivation n. 动机，动力
7.peacekeeping adj. 维持和平的
8.mission n. 使命
9.monitor v. 监督，检查
10.peace process 和平进程
11.experience v. 经历，体验
12.friction n. 冲突，摩擦
13.agreement n. 协议，协定
14.secure v. 使安全
15.measure n. 方式，方法，措施
16.stability n. 稳固，稳定
17.aim n. 目标
18.reestablish v. 重建
19.on standby 待命
20.play an important role in 在……中扮演重要角色
21.peacekeeping forces 维和部队
22.high-valued adj. 受到高度尊重的
23.praise n. 赞扬
24.guard v. 守卫，保卫
25.fortify v. 激励，加强
二、战争与和平的重大意义
1.lay the foundation for 为……奠定基础
2.contribution n. 贡献
3.physical adj. 实物的，有形的
4.crowning adj. 使圆满的，使完美的
5.glory n. 辉煌的成就；荣耀的事
6.priceless adj. 无价的，极珍贵的
7.collective adj. 集体的；共同的
8.memory n. 记忆
9.blueprint n. 蓝图
10.era n. 时代，年代
11.break through 取得突破
12.blow n. 打击
13.contribute to 有助于，促成
14.honour n. 光荣，荣誉
三、英雄形象
1.emerge v. 出现
2.shirk one’s duty 逃避责任
3.drive v. 驱动，推动
4.serve as 担任
5.defend v. 保卫
6.resist v. 抵抗，抵制
7.translator n. 翻译
8.interpreter n. 口译工作者
9.depict v. 描述，描写
10.prominent adj. 著名的，杰出的
11.talented adj. 有天赋的
12.spirit n. 精神
13.perseverance n. 毅力；韧性
14.dedication n. 奉献
15.representative n. 代表
memorate v. 庆祝，为……举行纪念活动
17.fight against 与……作斗争
四、军事行动
1.aggression n. 侵略
2.attack n.& vt. 攻击
3.battle n. 战斗；战役
4.conflict n. 冲突
5.occupation n. 占领
6.revolution n. 革命
7.bomb vt. 轰炸
8.defend vt.& vi. 保卫，防御
9.launch vt. 发动，发射
10.surround vt. 包围
11.weapon n. 武器
12.declare war on ... 向……宣战
6 / 6单元质量检测（三） War and peace
（满分150分，时间120分钟）
第一部分 听力（共两节，满分30分）
第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1.Who is a teacher？（ ）
A.The woman’s brother.
B.The woman’s sister.
C.The woman herself.
2.Where will the two speakers meet？（ ）
A.In the park.
B.In a restaurant.
C.In a sandwich bar.
3.What does the man think of the desk？（ ）
A.It’s wonderful.
B.It’s colourful.
C.It’s expensive.
4.What is the woman probably doing？（ ）
A.Driving a car.
B.Riding a bike.
C.Running in a street.
5.Who is the man？（ ）
A.A receptionist.
B.A guest.
C.A poster.
第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
6.What problem are the speakers discussing？（ ）
A.A late delivery.
B.A truck accident.
C.A damaged box.
7.What will the man probably do？（ ）
A.Check the package himself.
B.Leave the box on the truck.
C.Place another order.
听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。
8.Why is the man permitted to see the doctor right away？（ ）
A.He has an appointment.
B.He knows the doctor well.
C.He is an emergency case.
9.How will the man probably pay for his treatment？（ ）
A.In cash. B.By Alipay. C.By check.
听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。
10.What makes the woman excited？（ ）
A.A new computer.
B.A trip to England.
C.Good exam results.
11.What will the man probably do this summer？（ ）
A.Work. B.Study. C.Travel.
12.What is the probable relationship between the speakers？（ ）
A.Co-workers.
B.Family members.
C.Classmates.
听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。
13.How many hours does Tom work every Saturday？（ ）
A.Five. B.Six. C.Nine.
14.What does Tom basically do？（ ）
A.He offers advice to customers.
B.He buys products for customers.
C.He takes the money from customers.
15.What is the most difficult for Tom？（ ）
A.To work long hours.
B.To talk all the time.
C.To know about all the products.
16.What does Tom like most about his job？（ ）
A.Meeting different people.
B.Using the latest computers.
C.Getting close to new technology.
听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。
17.What do we know about the film？（ ）
A.It’s a children’s film.
B.It’s about nature.
C.It has won an international prize.
18.What can children do at the basement？（ ）
A.Draw pictures on computers.
B.Watch a working steam engine.
C.See a life-sized model of a spaceship.
19.On which floor a life-sized model of a spaceship can be seen？（ ）
A.The first floor.
B.The second floor.
C.The third floor.
20.How will the listeners get free tickets？（ ）
A.By letter. B.By e-mail. C.By phone.
答案：1－5 BCCAB 6－10 CACBB
11－15 ACBAC 16－20 CBAAB
听力材料：
（Text 1）
M：Tim said your brother is a teacher.
W：It can’t be true. He must be mistaken — my sister is.
（Text 2）
M：I’m seeing Jack in the park at ten.
W：Oh well， let’s meet for lunch， shall we？ How about that sandwich bar we went to last Saturday？
（Text 3）
W：This desk is wonderful.And the colour is my favourite.
M：But can’t you see the price？ It says it costs $3，000！
（Text 4）
M：Go faster， Tina！
W：I can’t.The speed limit here is fifty miles per hour.
（Text 5）
W：Front Desk.Can I help you？
M：Yes.This is John Hall in Room 1436.I forgot to pack my razor.Can I get one？
W：Just call Room Service at extension 105.
M：Thank you.
（Text 6）
W：Hello， this is Leslie Caron in the shipping department.Is that Martin Reynolds？
M：Yes， Ms Caron.Has my package arrived？
W：That’s what I’m calling about.Your package has just been unloaded from the truck， but it seems it has been damaged during shipment.The box is crushed at one end.What should I do？
M：That’s terrible.Well， don’t let the delivery driver leave.I’ll be there in five minutes.
W：OK， I will wait for you.
（Text 7）
M：Can I see Dr Craig？
W：Yes.Do you have an appointment？ Dr Craig sees nobody without an appointment.
M：No， but ... I’m heading home on my way from work， and I have a stomachache and ...
W：Oh， I see.We can fit you in at three.
M：I’d rather see him as soon as possible.I don’t think I can wait for another 30 minutes， because I’m suffering from this unbearable pain in my stomach and ...
W：Oh， why didn’t you say it’s an emergency？ Here， fill this in and take a seat.I’ll send you in soon.
M：Thanks.Must I pay cash？ I have got little money with me.And can I pay by mobile phone？
W：Yes.Cash， Alipay， check， anything.
（Text 8）
W：The exams are finally over！ I’m so excited about the summer vacation.I have made all the arrangements for my summer vacation.
M：What are you planning to do？
W：Well， my family and I are planning to go to England.We’ve been talking about going there for years， and we finally went to a travel agency and planned the whole thing out.
M：Wow！ That does sound exciting.
W：How about you？ What’s your plan？
M：I haven’t really got any plans to travel anywhere.In fact， I intend to get a part-time job to save a little money for next year.
W：That sounds all right.
M：You know， I really want to buy a new computer next term， so I have to save as much money as possible.
W：Why don’t you ask your parents for some money？
M：I don’t want my parents to pay for it.I’d feel better about it if I buy it with my own money.
W：It’s good to be independent.Sounds like you have a great goal this summer.
（Text 9）
W：Tom， you’re training to be a technical adviser at Digital Superstore.What hours do you work？
M：Well， I work part-time on Saturdays， 9 am till 3 pm， and Sundays， 11 am till 5 pm.
W：Okay， so what do you do exactly？
M：Basically， I’m just here to help people with any problems — so I meet customers when they come into the store and talk to them.I advise them about the best things to buy.I don’t actually take the money.I just help people decide what to buy.
W：What’s the most difficult thing about your job？
M：Hmm ... well， we sell more than 2，000 different products in the store ... so it’s very difficult to have all the information， to know everything about all the products.
W：What do you like about your job？
M：Well， I’m very interested in technology， computers and everything， and when working in the shop I get the chance to find out about all the latest things.
（Text 10）
M：Next on the program， we’re offering free tickets to go and see a film called Greenland.The film， which tells you all about the plants and animals in that wonderful place， has won a prize at the NATIONAL FILM FESTIVAL.It’s well worth seeing.
The film can only be seen at a new cinema inside the Science Museum.It’s showing this Sunday with performances every hour from midday onwards， with the last showing at 5 o’clock， two hours before the museum closes.
So why not take the whole family to the museum this Sunday？ There are lots to do.Children will want to head straight down to the basement where the computers are kept.I promise you they’ll come away with all sorts of exciting pictures they’ve created.Moving to the first floor， a working steam engine and a life-sized model of a spaceship are among the favourite exhibits.
Entrance to the museum is free on Sundays， but it would normally cost $3.25 to go and see the film.To get your free tickets， you should e-mail this program by midday on Friday.We’ve only got a limited number of tickets， so the earlier you e-mail us， the more likely you are to get one.
So go ahead with the writing after this song.
第二部分 阅读（共两节，满分50分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
War and love should never be mixed together， but when it does， some stories are made during its experience.Here are some books about love stories which are set in wartime.
War Bonds by Cindy Hval
The idea to write this book was suggested to the author by her husband.It’s a compilation （汇编） of love stories that took place during the war when men and women who made lifelong commitments without knowing what the future would bring.Each story shares a lesson to inspire every heart.
Eve of a Hundred Midnights by Bill Lascher
Bill Lascher had always wanted to be a reporter， and soon discovered his cousin had lived the life he dreamed of living.A month after his grandmother gifted him with his cousin’s typewriter used during World War Ⅱ， he slowly uncovered the story told in this book.
Just as World War Ⅱ broke out， Melville and Annalee Jacoby， both war reporters， were faced with a life-and-death decision.Having been married for just a month， the couple had to run for their lives to escape being caught by their enemy.
GI Brides： The Wartime Girls Who Crossed the Atlantic for Love by Duncan Barrett and Nuala Calvi
This book tells the stories from the women in England who married American soldiers.Each GI Bride has her own unique hopes and fears during a time of war when their ever happy dreams are redefined （重新定义） by war， cultural differences， countries， and an uncertain future.
Love Stories of World War Ⅱ by Larry King
Each love story in this book is unique in its own way， but they all share a common topic： love overcomes all.Each couple interviewed shares how they met，how they fell in love，the difficulties they faced and how their love grew stronger leading to marriages that lasted a lifetime.
语篇解读：本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了四本有关战争中爱情故事的书以及每本书的特点。
21.What can we learn about Cindy Hval and War Bonds？（ ）
A.She wrote it at the suggestion of her husband.
B.She wrote it mainly to inspire other couples.
C.She showed young couples’ hopes and fears in it.
D.She shared real-life stories during World War Ⅱ.
解析：A 细节理解题。根据War Bonds by Cindy Hval部分中的第一句可知，写这本书的主意是作者的丈夫向作者建议的。由此可知，Cindy Hval是在丈夫的建议下写War Bonds这本书的。
22.Who gave Bill Lascher a typewriter as a present？（ ）
A.A reporter. B.His cousin.
C.His wife. D.His grandma.
解析：D 细节理解题。根据Eve of a Hundred Midnights by Bill Lascher部分中的第二句可知，他的祖母把他表弟在第二次世界大战期间用过的打字机送给了他。由此可知，是Bill Lascher的祖母给了他一台打字机作为礼物。
23.Which book mainly focuses on the theme — the power of love？（ ）
A.War Bonds.
B.Love Stories of World War Ⅱ.
C.Eve of a Hundred Midnights.
D.GI Brides：The Wartime Girls Who Crossed the Atlantic for Love.
解析：B 细节理解题。根据Love Stories of World War Ⅱ by Larry King部分中的第一句可知，这本书中每一个爱情故事都有它的独特之处，但它们都有一个共同的主题：爱能战胜一切。由此可知，Love Stories of World War Ⅱ这本书所关注的主题是“爱的力量”。
B
（2024·河南青桐鸣高二下联考）Harris County expands the mobile library program with an addition of the fourth Curiosity Cruiser （巡航车）.Instead of sweet music through a speaker system attached to the roof， the sides of the cruisers are decorated with cartoon images of superheroes.And the vehicles are not filled with frozen treats， but rather a collection of books， electronics and other materials that can help children learn.
“When kids see a cruiser coming into their community， they start running for it，” Melton， the director of the Houston-area library system， said.“They’re excited about it.They’re excited about reading and getting a book they can take home.”
Melton said the Curiosity Cruisers program has distributed （分发） more than 69，000 books to more than 55，000 Houston-area children， focusing on reaching low-income parts of the region where there are no nearby public libraries.Children up to age 18 can take home one book per visit while engaging with other on-site learning materials such as laptops， 3D printers and courses on robotics and other STEM （science， technology， engineering and math） disciplines.
The newest delivery truck， equipped and donated by the Barbara Bush Houston Literacy Foundation with financial support from local companies and other charities， will enable the mobile library program to make an additional 12 stops per month.“It is a huge deal，” Melton said of adding a fourth cruiser.“There is a great need for literary services in Harris County.Even with the efforts we’re putting forth， it’s really like a drop in the sea.So the more vehicles we can have， the more impact we can have.”
Julie Finck， the president of the foundation behind， said the idea was to promote reading and STEM skills in communities where there are not libraries， even in schools.
Three out of ten Houston children failed to meet the minimum， end-of-third-grade reading standard in the most recent statewide STAAR test， according to Finck.She also said research shows that if children aren’t reading skilfully by the end of the third grade， they are four times as likely as their peers to end up dropping out of school.
语篇解读：本文是一篇新闻报道。哈里斯县增加了第四辆好奇心巡航车，用于扩展移动图书馆项目。
24.Why do kids get excited when they see a Curiosity Cruiser？（ ）
A.They can get a book free of charge.
B.They can buy frozen treats from the cruiser.
C.They can borrow some learning materials.
D.They can meet their favourite superheroes.
解析：A 细节理解题。根据第二段中Melton说的They’re excited about it.They’re excited about reading and getting a book they can take home.可知，孩子们看到“好奇心巡航车”会很兴奋是因为他们能免费获得一本书。
25.What does Melton mean in Paragraph 4？（ ）
A.What they are doing is far from enough.
B.The number of library vehicles is sufficient.
C.More support is needed from the government.
D.They have donated too much for the vehicles.
解析：A 推理判断题。根据第四段末Melton说的话可知，哈里斯县对文学服务的需求很大，Melton认为他们付出的努力只是杯水车薪。由此可推断出，Melton认为他们现在做得还远远不能满足社区的需求。
26.What is the main goal of the Curiosity Cruisers program？（ ）
A.To raise funds for the poor.
B.To bridge the educational gap.
C.To better people’s living standards.
D.To build more libraries in Houston.
解析：B 推理判断题。根据第五段内容可知，“好奇心巡航车”项目在没有图书馆的社区，甚至是学校推广阅读和STEM技能。由此可推断出，该项目旨在填补不同地区间的教育差距。
27.What is the point of improving the end-of-third-graders’ reading skills？（ ）
A.Children can improve their social skills.
B.It will develop children’s interest in reading.
C.It will help children prepare for their STEM.
D.The dropout rate among children will decrease.
解析：D 推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句可知，如果孩子们在三年级结束时还不能熟练地阅读，那么他们最终辍学的可能性是同龄人的四倍。由此可推断出，提高三年级学生阅读能力的意义在于降低儿童辍学率。
C
（2024·江苏镇江六校高二下月考）You’ll need to take a deep breath before hearing this news.An astonishing 93% of kids around the world live in environments with air pollution levels that are damaging their health， according to a new report by World Health Organization （WHO）.
Air pollution is to blame for the deaths of 543，000 kids under 5 in 2016，with more than on in four deaths of children under five-year-old being related to environmental problems.Exposure to air pollution can damage the health of kids in a variety of ways， either causing or being associated with everything from low birth weight to childhood obesity （肥胖） and so on.
“The diseases and deaths shown by these new data should result in an urgent call to action for the global community — especially for those concerning health.” WHO stated.“Strong action to reduce exposure to air pollution offers a chance to protect the health of children.” The report stressed that health expert should communicate with families， communities and policy-makers about the serious risks of air pollution exposure.“Although more researches into how air pollution affects children’s health will continue to be valuable， there is already evidence to justify （证明……有理） strong and swift action to prevent the damage it clearly produces，”WHO added.
Disease caused by dirty air is more common in low and middle-income countries， especially those in Africa， Southeast Asia， and Western Pacific.Poor countries in these areas have the highest levels of exposure to household air pollution due to the use of polluting fuels and technologies for basic needs like cooking， heating and lighting.
Advised approaches to dealing with air pollution include cleaner transport， cleaner cooking and heating fuels and technologies， energy-efficient housing and urban planning， safer industrial technologies and better waste management.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了空气污染对全球儿童健康造成的严重影响。
28.What is the second paragraph mainly about？（ ）
A.The varieties of illnesses most children are living with.
B.The serious results of widespread environmental problems.
C.The harmful influence of air pollution on children’s health.
D.The health problems from birth resulting from air pollution.
解析：C 段落大意题。根据第二段中的Exposure to air pollution can damage the health of kids in a variety of ways， either causing or being associated with everything from low birth weight to childhood obesity （肥胖） and so on.可知，第二段主要讲述了空气污染对儿童健康的有害影响。
29.What does WHO say about air pollution exposure？（ ）
A.It needs to be cut down.
B.It is truly out of control.
C.Its risks require proving.
D.Its damage is poorly known.
解析：A 推理判断题。根据第三段末WHO补充说的内容可推出，世界卫生组织的看法是需要降低空气污染。
30.What most likely leads to household air pollution？（ ）
A.Old and outdated publish transport.
B.Unclean cooking and heating fuels.
C.Money-saving waste management.
D.Inexpensive industrial technologies.
解析：B 细节理解题。根据第四段最后一句可知，不清洁的烹饪和取暖燃料最有可能导致家庭空气污染。
31.From which section of a newspaper is the text most probably taken？（ ）
A.Lifestyle. B.Environment.
C.Medicine. D.Science.
解析：B 文章出处题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了空气污染对全球儿童健康造成的严重影响。由此可知，本文应出自报纸的“环境”版。
D
As an international body charged with the mission of keeping world peace and development， the United Nations cannot operate without financial support from its member countries.And as a firm defender of multilateralism （多边主义） and a beneficiary of globalization， China knows how important it is to safeguard the current world order in which the UN plays an important role.China is aware how important it is that it does its bit to ensure the UN can accomplish its missions， and knows that this is a responsibility it must undertake for the benefit of all.
And Chinese people can take pride in the fact that the country has overtaken Japan to be the second-largest contributor to the UN regular budget.Since how much a country pays to the regular budget of the United Nations is a standard on how powerful the country is， at least financially.It is therefore natural that China’s contribution to the UN budget should rise from 2.05 per cent in 2005 to 15.25 per cent in 2021.That hike is an indicator of what the country has achieved so far.With the country’s further development， there is no doubt that its financial contribution to the UN will continue to rise.China will pay as it should.
However， the more money a country pays， the more responsibility it shoulders and more say it is entitled to enjoy as a major player on the world stage.But the reality is that the rights and international standing China enjoys are still disproportional （不相称的） to what it does for the UN and its contribution to the development of the world economy.As a responsible member of the international community， China is struggling for reform of the UN and the global governance system so they are more effective and representative of the international community as a whole.
Although peace and development remain the themes of the times， uncertainty and instability are on the rise.With this in mind， all countries should make combined efforts to deepen understanding， increase trust and promote cooperation.China is committed to building a community with a shared future for humanity and will continue to work with the UN to realize that vision.
语篇解读：本文是一篇议论文。文章阐述了中国在维护联合国及当今世界秩序中所发挥的重要作用，并且中国将继续致力于构建人类命运共同体，与联合国一起为实现这一愿景而继续努力。
32.What can we learn from the first paragraph？（ ）
A.China is against multilateralism and globalization.
B.The UN needs financial help from its member countries.
C.China doesn’t agree with the UN on keeping the current world order.
D.The UN must undertake the responsibility to ensure China’s benefit.
解析：B 细节理解题。根据第一段内容可知，作为一个肩负着维护世界和平与发展使命的国际机构，如果没有各个成员国的财政支持，联合国无法运行。
33.What does the underlined word “hike” in Paragraph 2 probably mean？（ ）
A.Walk. B.Rise.
C.Budget. D.Contribution.
解析：B 词义猜测题。根据第二段中的It is therefore natural that China’s contribution to the UN budget should rise from 2.05 per cent in 2005 to 15.25 per cent in 2021.可知，中国对联合国预算的贡献率从2005年的2.05%上升到2021年的15.25%是自然的。所以第二段的hike一词与rise意思相近，表示“上升”。
34.What can we infer from Paragraph 3？（ ）
A.If a country pays more money， it can take on less responsibility.
B.China’s contribution to world economy equals the rights it enjoys.
C.China is making great efforts to improve the situation of the UN.
D.The global governance system is very satisfying now.
解析：C 推理判断题。根据第三段最后一句可知，作为国际社会中负责任的一个成员国，中国正在为联合国的改革和全球治理体系而奋斗，使之更具效力，更能代表整个国际社会。由此可以推出，中国正在努力改善联合国的状况。
35.What is the main idea of the text？（ ）
A.China is keeping world peace and development instead of the UN.
B.China contributes most to the UN regular budget.
C.China enjoys more say as a great power on the world stage.
D.China is working with the UN in search for common good.
解析：D 主旨大意题。通读全文尤其是最后两段可知，文章阐述了中国在维护联合国及当今世界秩序中所发挥的重要作用，并且中国将继续致力于构建人类命运共同体，与联合国一起为实现这一愿景而继续努力。所以本文的主旨是中国正与联合国合作，寻求共同的利益。
第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
This article is my personal reflection on the benefits I get from reading history books.36.（ ） I also want to encourage others to do more of this enjoyable， rewarding activity！
Satisfy our curiosity.
37.（ ） Given time travel is not an option， if we want to explore the past， one of the best ways is to read a history book.Finding out more about a time or place which you feel a connection to but have little knowledge of can be an exciting experience.
38.（ ）
Reading history books can help people develop a sense of their place in the world.This is often the case with national history， bringing people together through a shared experience.Identity is much more than just which country you live in， and reading about history which is relevant to your life can help you build a stronger sense of self and feel confident in who you are.
Appreciate how things change.
I think that reading history — changes in the past — can help you better understand changes that are happening now or what might contribute to change in the future.39.（ ） When Julius Caesar was in his early 30s， he burst into tears on realising that while Alexander the Great had conquered the known world by 32， he himself had achieved nothing.So he dried his eyes， picked himself up， and went on to destroy the Roman Republic.
Develop our sense of truth.
Even in the best cases， history books are influenced by the circumstances of the author， and sometimes they can be highly biased （存在偏见的）.40.（ ） History books naturally encourage us to ask questions like：how might the perspective of the author influence his story？By reading a range of history books， we can become more critical readers who don’t just accept what we are told.
A.Develop a stronger sense of identity.
B.Understand the range of human experience.
C.Let’s turn to a famous example from history.
D.Exploration is an essential part of human nature.
E.One of my aims in writing it is to sort out my thoughts.
F.This is most obvious when we read two different versions of the same thing.
G.This can inspire us to think about better ways of organising our own society.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了阅读历史书籍的几个益处。
36.E 设空处前一句说明作者在本文中介绍了阅读历史书籍给他带来的益处，设空处后一句表明了作者也想鼓励其他人加入这项令人愉快的、有益的活动。E项（我写它的目的之一是理清我的思路）符合语境。E项中的One of my aims与设空处后一句中的I also want to相呼应。E项中的it指代上文中的This article。
37.D 设空处位于段首，一般是对该段内容进行概括说明。该段小标题是“满足我们的好奇心”；设空处下文指出，要想探索过去，最好的方法就是阅读历史书籍。D项（探索是人性的重要组成部分）符合语境。D项中的Exploration与设空处后的explore相呼应。
38.A 设空处为段落小标题。通读设空处下面一段可知，阅读历史书籍可以帮助人们了解自己在这个世界中的位置。本国历史通常能起到这样的作用，它通过相同的经历把人们联系在一起。身份认同不仅仅意味着你居住在哪个国家。阅读与自己有关的历史能帮你建立更强烈的自我意识，还能帮你对自己的身份充满信心。A项（建立更强的身份认同感）可概括本段内容，与该段中的build a stronger sense of self相呼应。A项中的identity与该段中的Identity构成原词复现。
39.C 设空处前一句指出，作者认为阅读历史可以帮你更好地理解正在发生的变化，也可能会帮你了解导致未来变化的因素；设空处下文讲述了凯撒大帝的历史故事。C项（让我们以一个著名的史实为例）引出下文，符合语境。
40.F 根据设空处前一句可知，即使是在最好的情况下，历史书也会受到作者所处环境的影响，有时这些书中可能还会存在巨大的偏见。F项（当我们阅读关于同一事件的两个不同版本时，这一点最为明显）紧承上文，符合语境。F项中的This指代设空处前的内容。
第三部分 语言运用（共两节，满分30分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
It was a winter day in 1917.The beautiful snowy landscapes of Europe were 41 by war.The trenches （战壕） on the side 42 the German forces.On the other side were the trenches filled with Americans.It was World War Ⅰ.The 43 of gunshots was intense.
Both sides 44 to conquer their rival.Separating them was a very narrow strip of land.A young German soldier trying to cross that no-man’s land had been shot and 45 in the barbed wire （带刺铁丝网）.He cried out in despair， and then 46 he continued to scream. 47 the shots all of the Americans in that area could hear him screaming.When one American soldier could 48 it no longer， he crawled out of the trench and to that German soldier.When the Americans 49 what he was doing， they stopped firing， and then， so did the Germans.Now there was 50 .Both sides were watching the soldier.On his stomach the American 51 his way to that German soldier and 52 him.He stood up with the German in his arms， walked straight to the German trench and 53 him in the waiting arms of his comrades （战友）.Having done so， he turned back to the American trench. 54 there was a hand on his shoulder that spun （使急转身） him around.There stood a German officer who had won the Iron Cross （铁十字勋章）， the highest honour for bravery.He took it off from his own uniform and placed it on the American’s.Then the American solider walked back to his trench.When he was safely in the trench， they 55 the war.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。战争是残酷的，但是战场上的交战双方有时候又体现出人性中善良的一面。本文讲述了在第一次世界大战战场上发生的一个感人故事。
41.A.improved B.offered
C.simplified D.blackened
解析：D 根据下文中的by war可知，此处表示美丽的雪景被硝烟笼罩，雪景是白色的，用变黑表示战争破坏了美丽的雪景。
42.A.called B.held
C.took D.buried
解析：B 此处表示一边的战壕里有德军。动词hold在此处表示“容纳”。
43.A.exchange B.turning
C.attraction D.consequence
解析：A 这里表示双方交火，战况激烈。exchange of gunshots表示“双方互相开枪射击”。
44.A.tried B.managed
C.arranged D.refused
解析：A 根据常识可知，此处表示双方都试图征服他们的对手。
45.A.taken B.put
C.caught D.hung
解析：C 根据上文中的A young German soldier trying to cross that no-man’s land had been shot可知，这个德国士兵被击中，因此推断他被困在了带刺铁丝网中。be caught in表示“被困在某处”。
46.A.out of sympathy B.to his anger
C.for attention D.in pain
解析：D 此处表示他因痛苦持续哀号。根据上文中的He cried out in despair可知，受伤被困的士兵对自己的境地感到绝望，同时也因为疼痛而喊叫。
47.A.Between B.Beyond
C.With D.From
解析：A 此处表示枪林弹雨间，那个区域所有的美国士兵都能听到这个德国士兵在哀号。
48.A.stand B.watch
C.hold D.catch
解析：A 根据下文中的he crawled out of the trench and to that German soldier 可知，听见这个德国士兵在那里绝望又痛苦地大声喊叫，这个美国士兵再也受不了了，爬出战壕朝德国士兵移动。
49.A.recognized B.agreed
C.realised D.denied
解析：C 此处表示当美国士兵意识到他在做什么时，他们停止了射击，然后，德国士兵也停止了射击。
50.A.embarrassment B.excitement
C.despair D.silence
解析：D 根据上文中的they stopped firing， and then， so did the Germans可知，这个美国士兵要去救受伤被困的德国士兵，大家都停止了射击，此刻战场上一片寂静。
51.A.took B.crawled
C.got D.put
解析：B 根据上文中的On his stomach可推断，美国士兵是在地上匍匐前进。
52.A.freed B.fixed C.promoted D.knocked
解析：A 上文说德国士兵被困在带刺铁丝网中，由此推断这里表示美国士兵把他从中解救出来。
53.A.hit B.hugged
C.got D.placed
解析：D 此处表示他搀着那个德国士兵站起来径直走向德国战壕并将他放在他战友等待的臂弯中。
54.A.Suddenly B.Slowly
C.Therefore D.Interestingly
解析：A 根据下文中的there was a hand on his shoulder that spun （使急转身） him around可知，当这个美国士兵做完了这一切准备回到自己的战壕时，突然感觉到肩上有一只手使他转过身。
55.A.stopped B.restarted
C.hated D.witnessed
解析：B 此处表示当他安全回到战壕后，他们重新开始了战斗。
第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
In the remote area of Nairobi， Kenya， Michael Nganga is watching a Chinese Kung Fu movie.
Nganga owns a large Chinese-built satellite dish （圆盘式卫星天线） 56. （connect） his old television set to hundreds of channels， many of 57. are being broadcast from Beijing.
“It’s advantageous to have many TV channels，” said Nganga， who was limited to a few local Kenyan stations before 58. Chinese-built satellite dish.“Because you can know what 59. （happen） in the world now.”
Nganga’s connection to a 60. （wide） world is directly due to China.In 2015， China announced the 10，000 Villages Project 61. the aim of taking digital television to poor parts of Africa.
62. （previous）， it was only a special right of the rich to have access to television in many parts of the continent， and those who were connected 63. （rely） on old-fashioned reception.
64. （improve） huge areas of Africa to modern and digital satellite TV networks is China’s dream broadcasting a 65. （various） of channels over long distances.In fact， TV channels from Beijing could be broadcast to African homes now.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国制造的大型卫星天线让非洲一些偏远地区与世界有了更广泛的联系。
56.connecting 考查非谓语动词。句子的谓语为owns，空处应用所给动词的非谓语形式，satellite dish与connect是逻辑上的主谓关系，应用动词-ing形式作定语。故填connecting。
57.which 考查定语从句。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是channels，指物，从句中缺少of的宾语。故填which。
58.the 考查冠词。根据第二段中的a large Chinese-built satellite dish可知，空处表特指。故填the。
59.happens/is happening 考查动词的时态和主谓一致。空处所在的句子是一个宾语从句，且空处是谓语部分，主句是you can know，从句与主句时态应一致，空处用一般现在时，填happens；根据从句中的时间状语now可知，空处也可用现在进行时，根据主谓一致，填is happening。故填happens/is happening。
60.wider 考查形容词的比较级。根据上文对中国制造的卫星天线连接到很多频道的细节描述可知，更多的频道会产生更广阔的世界联系，此处应用形容词的比较级。故填wider。
61.with 考查固定搭配。with the aim of意为“以……为目的；旨在；带有……目的”。故填with。
62.Previously 考查副词。空处所在的部分是句子的状语，应用副词。句首单词首字母要大写，故填Previously。
63.relied 考查动词的时态。空处为句子的谓语。根据who were connected的时态可知，此处也用一般过去时。故填relied。
64.Improving/To improve 考查非谓语动词。空处所在的部分是句子的主语，应用所给动词的非谓语形式。表示泛指或一般的抽象概念时，多用动词-ing形式；动词不定式作主语常表示具体的某一动作。根据语境可知，此处既可以理解为泛指“提升”这一动作，也可以理解为“提升”这一具体动作。故填Improving/To improve。
65.variety 考查词形转换。a variety of意为“各种；多种；各类”，此处指“各种频道”。故填variety。
第四部分 写作（共两节，满分40分）
第一节（满分15分）
假定你是红星中学高二学生李华。你的英语老师让你们读一些战争中中国英雄人物的传记，然后写一篇英语短文，内容包括：
1.你从战争中英雄人物身上学到的一种品质；
2.你如何践行这一品质。
注意：1.写作词数应为80左右；
2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
参考词汇：patriotism爱国精神
参考范文：
I’ve read some biographies of war heroes such as Liu Hulan， Dong Cunrui， Huang Jiguang and so on.I am deeply moved by their stories.I think their personalities will benefit me.
A common personality the heroes had was their patriotism.They would rather sacrifice their lives to defend our motherland than give in to enemy.Inspired by them， as a student， I’m trying to do my part for my school， neighbourhood and the city I live in， preparing for my future career as a soldier.I am determined to devote myself to China from now on.
第二节（满分25分）
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
It was a dull， cold and cloudy Monday morning.I had planned to take a journey and visit my grandfather who lived in Tennessee.As I set out on my journey and boarded the bus whose final destination was Tennessee， joy was written all over my face.It had been quite a long time since I last visited the countryside.Though the road leading to Tennessee was rocky， the journey was interesting and fantastic.I enjoyed myself so much since I was able to take pictures of wild animals like giraffe and antelopes （羚羊） along the way.
After about five hours’ drive， we were finally at Tennessee.I carried my luggage and followed the other passengers.However， I realized that there were many people at the bus station who had come to meet their relatives.My grandfather had informed me that there was no need for anyone to come for me as I would easily find my way to his home.
I tried to talk to a few people to ask about the road leading to my grandfather’s home， but unfortunately， we couldn’t understand each other because of the language barrier.I had to make signs， pointing towards the direction where my grandfather lived to see if they could help me.However， the people I asked seemed not to understand me very well， and ended up giving me mixed directions.I felt so desperate because it was already getting late.What’s worse， the countryside had network problems， so I could not reach my grandfather over the phone.I had no option but to look for a suitable place of shelter for the night.I carefully walked through the bushes， along the road and found a tree that had a lot of thick bushes around it.I felt that this was a nice place for me to hide for the night before daybreak.
注意：1.续写词数应为150左右；
2.请按如下格式作答。
Luckily enough， before I could close my eyes， I heard the sound of a vehicle in the distance.
The couple told me that day they were on their way back home from their son’s wedding.
参考范文：
Luckily enough， before I could close my eyes，I heard the sound of a vehicle in the distance.I quickly ran out of the bushes， shouting and waving at the car to slow down.What a relief it was to me when the driver politely responded to my call and slowed down at the place where I was standing.The vehicle had two people inside who were very old， a man and a woman almost the same age as my grandfather.They introduced themselves and I did the same.
The couple told me that day they were on their way back home from their son’s wedding.I told them my dilemma， giving every inch of the misfortune that I had undergone so that they could help me out.The couple were moved by my story， and they couldn’t hesitate to offer help.The following day， they drove me up to my grandfather’s home which was only a few kilometers away， and I was so happy to reunite with my grandfather.My grandfather thanked my rescuers warmly for helping me out of the bushes.
16 / 16Section Ⅳ Writing about a war hero
Step 1 品教材课文
Yang Jingyu， an anti-Japanese hero， was born in Henan Province in 1905.He joined the Communist Party of China （CPC） in 1927.In 1937 Yang became leader of the North-east Anti-Japanese United Army and fought a guerrilla war against the Japanese invaders.
In 1938， the Japanese army offered a large sum of money for Yang’s head and a large number of troops surrounded his men.In early 1940， facing a critical lack of supplies， Yang decided to let his men break through in small groups， but his own section of 60 men was betrayed to the Japanese.After these men were killed， Yang fought on alone for five days.He was eventually tracked down on 23 February by a large unit of Japanese troops.He killed more than 20 Japanese soldiers before dying in a hail of machine gunfire.When the Japanese cut open his body， they discovered only tree bark， cotton and grass roots， but not a single grain of rice in his stomach.
Yang’s death was a huge blow to his loyal troops， but they turned sorrow into anger and continued to fight fiercely against the invaders.After the People’s Republic of China （PRC） was established， Yang was reburied with full military honours， in Tonghua， Jilin Province.In 2005， a memorial hall was built in memory of the martyrs represented by Yang， drawing thousands of visitors every year to learn about the spirit of the resistance against Japanese aggression.
Step 2 析写作手法
Para.1 Introduction： name of the person & background information
首段简要介绍英雄的姓名和背景信息，时态采用的是一般过去时，人称为第三人称。首句使用了名词短语an anti-Japanese hero作Yang Jingyu的同位语，句子比较简练。
Para.2 Main body： major events （in order）
本部分主要介绍抗日英雄杨靖宇的主要英雄事迹，以时间为线索讲述了杨靖宇从出生到入党，之后成为东北抗日联军首领，在非常艰难困苦的环境里与日军战斗，最终弹尽粮绝而被日军杀害的故事。文中除了用具体的时间讲述杨靖宇的事迹，还使用多个连接词，如but， after， eventually， before等，使行文更加连贯。
Para.3 Conclusion： your opinion of this person
本段首句作者发表了自己的观点，对人物进行评价。时态使用的是一般过去时。
Step 3 背出彩佳句
一、介绍人物的姓名、出身及外貌特征
1.He has blonde hair and blue eyes.
他有金色的头发和蓝色的眼睛。
2.Dong Cunrui was born into a poor peasant family in Huailai County， Hebei Province on 15 October 1929.
1929年10月15日，董存瑞出生于河北省怀来县一个贫穷的农民家庭。
3.She is an ordinary-looking girl，but her kindness and consideration impress me most.
她是一个样貌普通的女孩，但她的善良和体贴使我印象深刻。
二、介绍人物的成就或取得的成绩
1.He went to college，during which he showed great interest in folk music.
他上了大学，在大学期间他对民间音乐表现出极大的兴趣。
2.When he was still a boy，he showed great interest in literature.
当他还是个孩子的时候，他对文学表现出极大的兴趣。
3.He is good at spoken English and even better at computers.
他擅长英语口语，更擅长电脑。
三、介绍人物的影响及人们对此人的评价
1.The people came to love him as an inspiring leader.
人们认为他是一位鼓舞人心的领袖而开始爱戴他。
2.We regard him as our model.
我们把他当作我们的榜样。
3.Lei Feng has been praised for his communist spirit.
雷锋因他的共产主义精神而受到赞扬。
假定你是李华，最近你观看了电影《赵一曼》，深有感触。请你用英语写一篇短文来介绍战斗英雄赵一曼。
基本信息 1905年出生于四川省宜宾县，1926年成为中共党员
主要事迹 “九·一八事变”后前往东北，参加抗日活动；1935年，在掩护部队突围时被捕，遭到严刑拷打仍保守党的秘密，英勇就义
人物评价 她的牺牲是抗日力量的一大损失，但同时鼓舞了军队与侵略者进行激烈战斗的士气
一、审题谋篇，结构分明
第一段：介绍战斗英雄的基本信息；
第二段：按时间顺序写战斗英雄的主要事迹；
第三段：发表个人看法，进行人物评价。
二、要点陈述，语言规范
1.1905年赵一曼出生于四川省宜宾县。
Zhao Yiman was born in Yibin County， Sichuan Province in 1905.
2.1926年她成为一名中国共产党党员。
She became a member of the Communist Party of China in 1926.
3.“九·一八事变”后，她去东北加入了抗日部队，同日本侵略者打游击战。
After the September 18th Incident， she went to north-east China to join the anti-Japanese troops，fighting guerrilla wars against the Japanese invaders.
4.1935年，大批日本部队包围了她的战士。
In 1935， a large number of Japanese troops surrounded her men.
5.赵一曼主动掩护主力部队突围，但不幸被捕。
Zhao Yiman offered to cover the main troop to break through the encirclement，but was captured unfortunately.
6.日本人用最残酷的刑罚迫使赵一曼透露有用的情报，但无用。
Japanese used the cruellest punishment to force Zhao Yiman to reveal useful intelligence， but in vain.
7.因此日本人杀害了她。
So the Japanese killed her.
8.赵一曼的牺牲对抗日部队是一种巨大的打击，但鼓舞了士兵顽强抵抗日本侵略者的士气。
Zhao’s death was a huge blow to the anti-Japanese troops，but boosted morale of the soldiers to fight fiercely against the Japanese invaders.
三、句间衔接，过渡自然
用非限制性定语从句合并要点1和要点2。
Zhao Yiman， who was born in Yibin County，Sichuan Province in 1905， became a member of the Communist Party of China in 1926.
四、检查誊写，卷面整洁
Zhao Yiman， who was born in Yibin County，Sichuan Province in 1905， became a member of the Communist Party of China in 1926.
After the September 18th Incident， she went to north-east China to join the anti-Japanese troops， fighting guerrilla wars against the Japanese invaders. In 1935， a large number of Japanese troops surrounded her men.Zhao Yiman offered to cover the main troop to break through the encirclement， but was captured unfortunately. Japanese used the cruellest punishment to force Zhao Yiman to reveal useful intelligence， but in vain.So the Japanese killed her in public.
Zhao’s death was a huge blow to the anti-Japanese troops，but boosted morale of the soldiers to fight fiercely against the Japanese invaders.
人物描写 violence n.暴力 outstanding adj.杰出的，优秀的 intellectual adj.智力的，脑力的 rough adj.简单的；粗糙的 peer n.同龄人；同辈 glory n.辉煌的成就；荣耀的事 prominent adj.著名的，杰出的 dedication n.奉献
动作描写 drown v.（使）淹死 recall v.回想，回忆起 fortify v.激励，加强 depict v.描述，描写
环境描写 coastline n.海岸线 misty adj.多雾的 breeze n.微风 violent adj.狂暴的，凶暴的 horror n.惊恐；令人惊恐的事
请从以上语料中选择合适的词汇，并用适当的过渡词完成下面语段。
八月一个多雾的早晨，我们出发去进行为期一周的冒险。我们已经为之准备了三天，所以我们对这次冒险充满信心。在最初的两天里，我们享受着凉爽的微风和美妙的海岸线。然后，崎岖的道路让探险变得更加艰难。在野外睡觉是一件如此令人惊恐的事，以至于我们忍不住回忆起家里的床。在穿过一片湖时，我们中的一个人差点淹死。我们开始怀疑我们能否成功到达目的地。最后，我们在森林里迷路了，在救援人员的帮助下才回到家。今天，在讲述这个故事的时候，没有人能把这次冒险描绘成一件光荣的事。
On a misty August morning， we headed out for our one-week adventure.We had prepared for it for 3 days， so we had confidence in this adventure.During the first two days， we enjoyed the cool breeze and the fantastic coastline.Then， the rough roads made the adventure harder.Sleeping in the wild was such a horror that we couldn’t help recalling the beds at home.While crossing a lake， one of us was almost drowned.We got to doubt whether we could make it to the destination.At last， we got lost in the forest and returned home with the help of rescuers.Today， while telling the story， nobody can depict the adventure as a glory.
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
Sharon Estill Taylor has no first-hand memories of her father. The World War Ⅱ fighter pilot was shot down over Germany in April 1945， when Taylor was just three weeks old.When Taylor was young， her grandmother often shared stories about their fallen hero. “Nana， it’s OK，” Taylor assured her. “I’m going to find him and bring him home.”
Grandmother gave Taylor a silver box containing some 450 handwritten letters between her parents， spanning from their high school to the year 1945. Also included were six months’ worth of unopened letters. Taylor learned that on 13 April 1945， Estill had taken off to attack a railway station and destroy Nazi supply lines. She found a reference to a possible crash site near the town of Elsnig in eastern Germany.
With the collapse of the Berlin Wall， it became possible for Taylor to visit the potential crash site. She connected with German military historian Hans-Guenther Ploes， who agreed to help her try to find and identify any aircraft and human remains. In 2005， a team， accompanied by Ploes and Taylor， led a three-week dig. From the moment she set foot on the site， Taylor could feel that her dad was there. DNA analysis confirmed that the remains were his. On a sunny day， Taylor and her family buried her father’s remains at Arlington National Cemetery. Beyond fulfilling her promise to her grandmother， Taylor says her mission has been to get closer to her father and his legacy.
She has also come to realize that there are many Americans who’ve lost parents and loved ones in military conflicts overseas and wishes they knew more. Taylor shares her story widely， raising awareness of soldiers who never return from war and the significance of recovery efforts. An estimated 81，000 American service members’ bodies remain unaccounted for from past conflicts， but fortunately there are constant efforts to locate the fallen and bring relief to their families.
Taylor will never know exactly what her father’s final moments were like but she feels， in a way， that her father has finally come home.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Sharon Estill Taylor的父亲在二战中牺牲，随着柏林墙的倒塌，Taylor最终找回父亲的遗骸的故事。
1.What can we infer from the first two paragraphs？（ ）
A.Taylor’s father delivered supplies in the war.
B.Taylor got along well with her father as a kid.
C.Taylor’s parents used to write letters to each other.
D.The exact crash site where Taylor’s father died was recorded.
解析：C 推理判断题。根据第二段第一句可知，祖母给了Taylor一个银盒子，里面装着父母从高中到1945年的大约450封手写信件。由此可推知，Taylor的父母过去经常给对方写信。
2.What probably discouraged Taylor from seeking her father at first？（ ）
A.No one was willing to assist her.
B.Germany wasn’t reunited at that time.
C.There weren’t any clues about the battle.
D.Science and technology were not advanced.
解析：B 细节理解题。根据第三段第一句可知，随着柏林墙的倒塌，Taylor有可能参观潜在的坠机地点。由此可知，一开始德国还没有统一，这阻止了Taylor寻找父亲的遗骸。
3.Why does Taylor want others to know her story？（ ）
A.To help make her grandmother’s wish come true.
B.To let the readers know more about World War Ⅱ.
C.To pay her respects to fallen heroes like her father.
D.To show the possibility of regaining heroes’ remains.
解析：D 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段内容可知，Taylor广泛地分享了她的故事，提高了人们对那些永远不会从战争中回来的士兵以及找回士兵遗骸工作的重要性的认识。据估计，仍有81，000名在过去战争中死亡的美国军人的遗体下落不明，但幸运的是，人们一直在努力寻找阵亡军人，并为他们的家人带来安慰。由此可推知，Taylor想让别人知道她的故事是因为她想证明找回英雄遗骸的可能性。
4.Which of the following is a suitable title for the text？（ ）
A.Cherish Parents’ Love
B.Let Heroes Return Home
C.Never Forget the History
D.Meet Grandmother’s Wish
解析：B 标题归纳题。通读全文可知，文章主要讲述了Taylor的父亲在二战中牺牲，随着柏林墙的倒塌，Taylor最终找回父亲的遗骸的故事。因此B项（让英雄回家）最适合作文章标题。
B
More and more， while we are in schools and doing mediation （调解） with students， we find out that the conflict is more widespread than just them.It may involve other siblings （兄弟姐妹） and sometimes parents， guardians， aunts and uncles.This means that while we can do a lot of work with the students themselves， the root of the conflict we are trying to address is much deeper and needs to include more people in the conversations.
A few weeks ago， two of CCR’s （Center for Conflict Resolution’s） restorative justice coordinators （协调者） had a case that involved four students and their five guardians.During the beginning parts of the mediation， some of the adults in the room started to become heated and defensive of their child.A confrontation （对抗） occurred between a grandmother and one of the moms.CCR mediators separated the two parties and allowed them each to calm down.Then， CCR staff invited everyone in the room to pause and refocus on the task at hand.As a group， they reviewed the guidelines and actually added some that addressed why the adults were feeling so defensive.
Then， something incredible happened： The grandmother and the mom who were upset with each other earlier apologized to each other.They each said they had no issue with each other after hearing the other’s perspective.They hugged and agreed to communicate in a more positive way.
After the students witnessed this， they asked to have some space.They left the room together and as the adults watched from the window， they hugged each other and apologized.Once they came back into the room， the students made a plan for how to communicate in the future using the example of their guardians.At the end of the mediation， a student said， “It was easier to apologize when I saw it done.”
The power of role models is far beyond what we know.By modeling how to be angry effectively， we can change how our youth respond when they are angry too.
语篇解读：本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。成年人应该以身作则，通过自己的行动向年轻人示范正确的冲突解决方式。
5.What is needed to deal with conflicts in schools according to the author？（ ）
A.More coordinators.
B.Broader conversations.
C.A simpler mediation process.
D.More communication with the students involved.
解析：B 细节理解题。根据第一段中的the root of the conflict we are trying to address is much deeper and needs to include more people in the conversations 可知，学校在调解过程中发现冲突通常不仅仅涉及学生本人，还可能涉及其他家庭成员。因此，需要拓展对话范围以深入解决冲突根源。
6.How did the grandmother and the mom feel at the beginning of the mediation？（ ）
A.Surprised. B.Doubtful.
C.Regretful. D.Annoyed.
解析：D 推理判断题。根据第二段中的During the beginning parts of the mediation， some of the adults in the room started to become heated and defensive ...a grandmother and one of the moms.可知，在调解初期，房间里的一些成年人情绪激动，都在为自己的孩子辩解。一场冲突在一位祖母和一位妈妈之间发生了。由此可推知，那位祖母和那位妈妈当时都很生气。
7.What did the students do after leaving the room？（ ）
A.They made a secret plan.
B.They said sorry to each other.
C.They cleared a space for play.
D.They communicated with their guardians.
解析：B 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的They left the room together and as the adults watched from the window， they hugged each other and apologized.可知，孩子们走出房间后，模仿着大人们的样子，相拥在一起并向彼此道歉。
8.What would be the best title for this text？（ ）
A.The Nature of Conflicts
B.The Power of Role Models
C.The Correct Ways to Apologize
D.The Challenges of Family Relationships
解析：B 标题归纳题。根据最后一段并结合文中的案例可知，本文意在传达：成年人的言行举止会对青少年产生重要的影响。成年人应该以身作则，通过示范告诉年轻人如何正确解决冲突，从而在潜移默化中改变他们的行为方式。因此B项为本文的最佳标题。
Ⅱ.完形填空
It isn’t every day that the future and the past get to meet on national television.
When his wife of 72 years passed away six years ago， Peter Davies 9 he felt like “almost soul”. The 100-year-old man from Macclesfield， England 10 to find new purpose in his life， so when his daughter suggested he offer his help at the local elementary school， he 11 to go for it.
“I was married for 72 years， and when my wife died， life changed 12 ，” Peter explained.“My daughter suggested that， to get some 13 back into my life， I do something I’m 14 of doing.”
Peter chose to 15 at a primary school， and he was a huge 16 with all of the children he tutored.He 17 reading into a fun game. Besides， his new 18 as a grandfatherly figure made him feel more connected to his community than ever before.
“The 19 are great，” said Peter. “I’m sure I get more than the kids do. It is a lovely warm feeling that I 20 the community. I’m part of it. Moreover， my image is 21 .Wherever I go in the village， a child will shout ‘Hello， Mr Davies’. I feel 10 feet tall.”
Recently he was 22 with a British Empire Medal （BEM） on television with the youngest recipient， 18-year-old Dara McAnulty. “He is the future， and I am the past，”Peter said.“It’s just simple as that， it really is. I’m 23 for him.”
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了二战老兵彼得·戴维斯在妻子去世之后，在女儿的建议下去当地小学当志愿者，与孩子们的接触让他重新找到了生活的意义，也因此成为名人。
9. A.admitted B.suspected
C.proved D.argued
解析：A 根据he felt like “almost soul”可以推断，此处指他在坦白自己内心的感受，当结婚72年的妻子6年前去世时，彼得 戴维斯承认他觉得自己几乎成了魂灵。admit承认；接纳；suspect怀疑；猜想；prove证明；证实；argue争论；辩论。
10.A.refused B.struggled
C.regretted D.pretended
解析：B 根据语境可知，妻子的去世让彼得·戴维斯内心非常难过，所以女儿建议他去努力寻找新的人生目标。refuse拒绝；struggle挣扎；斗争；regret遗憾；后悔；pretend假装。
11. A.failed B.determined
C.requested D.forgot
解析：B 根据下文Peter chose to 15 at a primary school， and he was a huge 16 with all of the children he tutored.可知，彼得·戴维斯接受了女儿的建议，决定去当地小学帮忙。fail失败；determine决定；request要求；forget遗忘。
12. A.dramatically B.temporarily
C.casually D.secretly
解析：A 根据上文I was married for 72 years， and when my wife died可知，妻子的去世让生活发生了显著的变化。dramatically剧烈地；明显地；temporarily暂时地；casually随意地；secretly秘密地。
13. A.information B.creation
C.affection D.meaning
解析：D 根据上文The 100-year-old man from Macclesfield， England 10 to find new purpose in his life可知，女儿希望彼得能够重新发现生活的意义所在，找到生活的目标，做一些他有能力做的事情。information信息；creation创造；affection 喜爱；爱慕；meaning意义。
14. A.afraid B.tired
C.capable D.ashamed
解析：C 参见上题解析。afraid害怕；tired疲惫的；厌倦的；capable胜任的；ashamed羞愧的。
15.A.study B.perform
C.investigate D.volunteer
解析：D 根据上文so when his daughter suggested he offer his help at the local elementary school， he 11 to go for it可知，女儿鼓励他到当地的一所小学去帮忙，即做志愿者。study学习；研究；perform表演；表现；实施；investigate调查；volunteer自愿做。
16.A.star B.scholar
C.hit D.model
解析：C 根据语境可知，彼得很受孩子们的欢迎。star星星；明星；scholar学者；hit很受欢迎的人；model模式；模型；模特。
17.A.expanded B.transformed
C.recovered D.compared
解析：B 根据空后的reading into a fun game可知，彼得将阅读变成了孩子们喜欢的游戏。expand扩展；扩大；transform使改变形态；recover恢复；compare比较。
18.A.responsibility B.challenge
C.status D.mission
解析：C 根据as a grandfatherly figure made him feel more connected to his community than ever before可知，彼得的到来对于孩子们来说是作为爷爷般的新身份。responsibility责任；challenge挑战；status地位；身份；mission使命。
19.A.assistants B.instructors
C.applicants D.kids
解析：D 根据下文彼得说的话可知，此处指的是彼得对于孩子们的表现很满意，称赞孩子们很棒。assistant助手；助理；instructor指导者；applicant申请人；kid儿童；小孩。
20.A.belong to B.object to
C.adapt to D.reach to
解析：A 根据下文I’m part of it.可知，在彼得看来自己是这个社会的一分子。belong to属于；object to反对；adapt to适应；reach to触及。
21.A.apparent B.tremendous
C.flexible D.particular
解析：B 根据下文Wherever I go in the village， a child will shout “Hello， Mr Davies”. I feel 10 feet tall.可知，不管彼得出现在村子的什么地方，都会有孩子与他打招呼，由此可以看出他很受孩子们欢迎，即他的形象在孩子们眼中非常好。apparent明显的；tremendous巨大的；极好的；flexible灵活的；particular特定的；挑剔的。
22.A.remarked B.accompanied
C.honoured D.impressed
解析：C 根据with a British Empire Medal （BEM） on television with the youngest recipient， 18-year-old Dara McAnulty可知，彼得被授予了大英帝国勋章（BEM）。remark评论；accompany陪同；honour尊重；授予荣誉；impress给……以印象；使铭记。
23.A.concerned B.respectful
C.embarrassed D.delighted
解析：D Dara McAnulty 18岁就获得了大英帝国勋章（BEM），所以彼得为他感到高兴。concerned担心的；关心的；respectful恭敬的；有礼貌的；embarrassed尴尬的；delighted高兴的。
Ⅲ.语法填空
Henry Norman Bethune was a great Canadian doctor with a very creative mind and a 24. （determine） to help people. As a small boy， he became very interested in medicine and decided to become a doctor. After 25. （graduate） from medical college in 1916， Bethune worked as a doctor in England， the US and Canada. He reinvented or redesigned over 10 medical instruments to make them 26. （much） useful. He is best known for his service during the Chinese People’s War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression.
In 1938， Bethune left for China， after he heard that many people were dying in the war. 27. the difficult situation， Dr.Bethune did whatever he could 28. （assist） the Chinese people. He helped to organize hospitals， 29. （teach） doctors and nurses and showed people how to give first aid. He is respected as 30. unique personality in the history of medicine， owing to the materialization of the concept of “mobile medical unit”. Some of the surgical tools developed by him 31. （use） in surgeries even now. 32. （sad）， Dr.Bethune passed away in November the following year and was buried in Shijiazhuang. After Dr.Bethune’s death， Chairman Mao Zedong wrote an article in memory of him， in 33. he praised Dr.Bethune as a hero to be remembered in China.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了加拿大医师亨利·诺尔曼·白求恩对医学和中国的贡献和帮助，以及中国对他的怀念和赞扬。
24.determination 考查名词。根据介词with和不定冠词a可知，空处应用单数名词作宾语。
25.graduating/graduation 考查非谓语动词或名词。介词after后应用动词-ing形式或名词作宾语。
26.more 考查形容词的比较级。根据上文He reinvented or redesigned over 10 medical instruments可知，重新发明或设计的10多种医疗器械应该是更好用，应用形容词的比较级作宾语补足语。
27.Despite 考查介词。由（assist） the Chinese people和the difficult situation可知，前后构成让步关系，且空后是名词短语，所以此处应用介词despite表示“尽管”，首字母应大写。
28.to assist 考查非谓语动词。根据句意可知，此处应用动词不定式作目的状语。
29.taught 考查动词的时态。teach和helped，showed （一般过去时）是并列谓语动词，所以空处也应用一般过去时。
30.a 考查冠词。此处泛指“一个独特的人物”，unique的发音以辅音音素开头，所以用不定冠词a。
31.are used 考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。结合时间状语now可知，时态应用一般现在时，又因主语Some of the surgical tools和谓语动词use是被动关系，所以用一般现在时的被动语态；主语Some of the surgical tools是复数形式，因此谓语应用复数形式。
32.Sadly 考查副词。修饰后面的整个句子，应用副词，位于句首，首字母应大写。
33.which 考查定语从句。此处是“介词＋关系代词”引导的非限制性定语从句，先行词是an article，指物，在从句中作介词in的宾语，应用关系代词which。
Ⅳ.读后续写
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
（2024·浙江湖州高二上期末）Charlie was very obedient to his parents and teachers， for which everyone loved him a lot. Due to his father’s job， his family moved to a new city， where he entered a new school. As Charlie was a good boy， soon most of his new classmates became his good friends. The teachers also praised this new boy， because of his intelligence and nice behavior to all.
But there was one boy in the class who did not like Charlie at all！ His name was Bill and he was a very naughty boy， for which no one liked him at all. He found that Charlie was a quiet boy. So he started creating troubles for his new classmate. At the lunchtime， when Charlie was having lunch， Bill came up to him and asked， “Hey， what do you have for lunch？” “It’s cake and sweets，” Charlie replied with a smile.
“I love sweets and so I will eat this food today，” Bill said grudgingly. He snatched the lunch box from Charlie. The other boys sitting around were furious， but no one dared to protest due to fears of being bullied by Bill and his little gang.
From that day on， Bill regularly ate Charlie’s lunch and even threw away the water from his water bottle one day. But Charlie still kept quiet and did not complain to the teacher. Bill never did his homework and always forced the good boys of the class， including Charlie， to write it down on his copy for him！ When Charlie’s parents learned about all these bullies of Bill， they wanted to come to the school and complain about this naughty boy. But Charlie stopped them and said， “Mom， Dad， please do not worry. Everything will be all right. After all， Bill is also a kid like me.”
The days went by and the time came for the annual sports at the school. Charlie was also good at sports and he participated in a number of events. Bill also participated in sack race （套袋赛跑）， though he could not run very fast due to his fat body.
注意：1.续写词数应为150左右；
2.请按如下格式作答。
Seeing Charlie won first prize in 100 meters， Bill felt very bad and then made a decision.
Charlie then took Bill to the school doctor who tended his injured leg.
参考范文：
Seeing Charlie won first prize in 100 meters， Bill felt very bad and then made a decision. Soon it was the time for the sack race. Bill showed up on the track early， thinking he would spare no effort in this game to beat Charlie. When the race began， Bill glanced at Charlie next to him and said，“I will beat you definitely.” Then Bill jumped forward with all his strength at his first attempt. Slowly Charlie was left behind， but suddenly Bill tripped and fell onto the ground.When Charlie came to him， he found Bill’s ankle was bleeding and he couldn’t get up.
Charlie then took Bill to the school doctor who tended his injured leg. Charlie didn’t go back and gave up the race at last. Looking at Charlie， Bill lowered his head full of shame. After a while， he opened his mouth and said sincerely，“I’m sorry. I know I was wrong and beg for your forgiveness.” Charlie responded immediately with a smile，“From today on we will be friends forever.” So since that day Bill has changed completely.
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