2026届高考英语-重难点练习卷23阅读理解——词义猜测导学案（含答案）
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| 名称 | 2026届高考英语-重难点练习卷23阅读理解——词义猜测导学案（含答案） |
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| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2026-03-19 00:00:00 | ||
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2026高考英语·重难点练习卷23
阅读理解——词义猜测
【核心知识·深度解读】
词义猜测是高考阅读理解必考题型，主要考查考生利用上下文推断生词或熟词生义的能力。近三年真题显示，词义猜测题多围绕名词、动词、形容词设题，常见线索包括定义、同位语、反义、对比、举例、因果关系以及构词法。掌握这些线索，可以快速准确解题。
一、六大猜测线索
线索类型 标志词/结构 示例
定义线索 be, mean, refer to, be called, be known as, that is, in other words, i.e. A person who is altruistic is someone who cares about others more than themselves.
同位语线索 逗号、破折号、括号、or（同位语） The ornithologist, a scientist who studies birds, spent years in the rainforest.
反义线索 but, however, while, whereas, unlike, instead of, rather than Unlike his gregarious brother, Tom is shy and reserved.
对比线索 similarly, likewise, in the same way, on the contrary, in contrast In many countries, it's common to tip waiters; in contrast, in Japan it is considered inappropriate.
举例线索 for example, such as, like, including She enjoys sedentary activities, such as reading and knitting.
因果关系 because, since, as, so, thus, therefore, as a result The team was elated because they had won the championship.
构词法 前缀、后缀、合成词 Unpredictable = un- (not) + predict (预测) + able (可...的) → 不可预测的
二、解题步骤
① 定位：找到生词在文中的位置。
② 搜索线索：前后扫描寻找定义、同位语、对比、因果等标志词。
③ 代入验证：将猜测的词义代入原句，检查语义是否通顺。
专项突破·词义猜测
一、单句猜测（根据语境猜测画线单词的意思）
1. The doctor said the patient's condition was benign, meaning it was not harmful and would not cause death.
2. Unlike his parsimonious father, who never spent a penny, John is generous and often buys gifts for friends.
3. Many cities have implemented recycling programs; for example, San Francisco now recycles 80% of its waste.
4. The team worked assiduously on the project, putting in extra hours every day to meet the deadline.
5. The weather was capricious: one moment it was sunny, the next it was pouring rain.
6. She felt a sense of euphoria after winning the award, a feeling of intense happiness.
7. The two theories are diametrically opposed; that is, they are completely opposite.
8. The company decided to discontinue the product because sales had been declining steadily.
9. The old house had a musty smell, as if it had been closed for years without fresh air.
10. Unlike his loquacious sister, who talks for hours, Mark rarely speaks.
11. The teacher admonished the students for being late, warning them that it would not be tolerated again.
12. The recipe calls for a pinch of salt, a very small amount that you can hold between your fingers.
13. The new law is designed to curb pollution; it aims to reduce emissions from factories.
14. After the long hike, they were exhausted, completely worn out and in need of rest.
15. The painting was authentic, not a copy, and therefore worth millions.
16. The children were frolicking in the park, running and playing happily.
17. The meeting was adjourned until next week; that is, it was temporarily ended and will continue later.
18. He gave a terse reply, just "yes" or "no", without any explanation.
19. The river is shallow here, so you can walk across it easily.
20. She was ambivalent about the job offer: she liked the salary but hated the location.
21. The storm caused catastrophic damage, destroying hundreds of homes and leaving many homeless.
22. He is a versatile musician who can play piano, guitar, and violin equally well.
23. The fragile vase must be handled carefully, as it could break easily.
24. The company's profits plummeted last year, dropping by 50%.
25. She gave a lucid explanation of the complex theory, making it easy to understand.
26. The dog was docile and followed every command, unlike the aggressive ones.
27. The book is obscure; few people have heard of it, and it's hard to find in libraries.
28. The athlete was renowned for his speed, known worldwide as the fastest man.
29. The food was palatable, though not the best we've ever had.
30. The two countries signed a treaty to cement their relationship, making it stronger and more lasting.
二、语篇完形填空（根据上下文猜测画线单词的意思，从A、B、C、D中选择）
Passage 1
The Amazon rainforest is home to an incredible variety of species. However, deforestation is causing many of these creatures to lose their habitats. One such animal is the jaguar, a large wild cat that is nocturnal, meaning it is active at night. Jaguars are carnivores, so they eat other animals. Unfortunately, they are now endangered, facing a high risk of extinction. Conservationists are working hard to mitigate the damage and protect these magnificent creatures.
31. jaguar A. 一种植物 B. 一种猴子 C. 一种蛇 D. 一种大型猫科动物
32. nocturnal A. 白天活动的 B. 夜间活动的 C. 温顺的 D. 凶猛的
33. carnivores A. 食草动物 B. 食肉动物 C. 杂食动物 D. 腐食动物
34. endangered A. 危险的 B. 濒危的 C. 保护的 D. 灭绝的
35. mitigate A. 加剧 B. 减轻 C. 忽略 D. 庆祝
Passage 2
Climate change is one of the most pressing issues of our time. The burning of fossil fuels releases greenhouse gases, which trap heat in the atmosphere. This leads to a rise in global temperatures, a phenomenon known as global warming. The effects are already palpable: sea levels are rising, and extreme weather events are becoming more frequent. Some scientists warn that if we don't act quickly, the consequences could be irreversible. Governments are being urged to adopt policies that promote renewable energy. Individuals can also contribute by reducing their carbon footprint.
36. palpable A. 难以察觉的 B. 显而易见的 C. 令人愉快的 D. 令人担忧的
37. frequent A. 罕见的 B. 频繁的 C. 规律的 D. 突然的
38. irreversible A. 可逆的 B. 不可逆的 C. 可修复的 D. 不可修复的
39. adopt A. 抛弃 B. 采用 C. 调整 D. 适应
40. footprint A. 脚印 B. 影响 C. 排放量 D. 足迹
Passage 3
Many young people today are addicted to their smartphones, constantly checking social media. This can lead to a condition called "nomophobia" — the fear of being without a mobile phone. Psychologists warn that excessive screen time can impair sleep and concentration. Some schools have banned phones during class to help students focus. However, experts say the solution is not to eliminate technology but to use it wisely. Parents should encourage their children to engage in other activities, such as sports or reading, which are more wholesome.
41. addicted A. 沉迷的 B. 讨厌的 C. 依赖的 D. 抗拒的
42. impair A. 提高 B. 损害 C. 恢复 D. 促进
43. banned A. 允许 B. 禁止 C. 鼓励 D. 忽略
44. eliminate A. 消除 B. 增加 C. 保留 D. 发展
45. wholesome A. 有害的 B. 健康的 C. 无聊的 D. 复杂的
Passage 4
The Industrial Revolution brought about radical changes in society. It transformed economies from agriculture to manufacturing. Cities grew rapidly as people moved from rural areas to find work in factories. However, working conditions were often deplorable: long hours, low pay, and unsafe environments. Labor movements emerged to advocate for workers' rights. Eventually, laws were passed to regulate working hours and improve safety. These changes paved the way for the modern labor standards we enjoy today, which are a stark contrast to the past.
46. radical A. 微小的 B. 根本的 C. 表面的 D. 缓慢的
47. deplorable A. 令人羡慕的 B. 悲惨的 C. 舒适的 D. 安全的
48. advocate A. 反对 B. 提倡 C. 忽视 D. 研究
49. regulate A. 取消 B. 管理 C. 放松 D. 加强
50. contrast A. 相似 B. 对比 C. 相同 D. 混合
Passage 5
Einstein was a prolific writer, publishing over 300 scientific papers. His theory of relativity revolutionized physics, changing how we understand space and time. Despite his genius, he was a humble man who often downplayed his achievements. He was also an ardent pacifist, speaking out against war. His legacy continues to inspire scientists today. Many of his ideas were so profound that they are still being explored and tested.
51. prolific A. 多产的 B. 单一的 C. 著名的 D. 普通的
52. revolutionized A. 巩固 B. 彻底改变 C. 支持 D. 反对
53. humble A. 骄傲的 B. 谦逊的 C. 聪明的 D. 古怪的
54. ardent A. 冷漠的 B. 热情的 C. 偶然的 D. 强制的
55. profound A. 肤浅的 B. 深刻的 C. 简单的 D. 复杂的
三、匹配练习（将画线单词与它在语境中的含义连线）
56. The company launched a new product last week. (a. 发射 b. 推出)
57. She studied the document carefully. (a. 学习 b. 仔细看)
58. He runs a small business. (a. 跑 b. 经营)
59. The river flows into the sea. (a. 流动 b. 涌入)
60. He plays the piano beautifully. (a. 玩 b. 演奏)
61. The company posted a profit of $1 million. (a. 张贴 b. 获得)
62. She raised her hand to ask a question. (a. 举起 b. 抚养)
63. The meeting fell on a Sunday. (a. 落下 b. 适逢)
64. He picked the best candidate for the job. (a. 捡起 b. 挑选)
65. The car cost him a fortune. (a. 花费 b. 成本)
四、选择同义词（选择与画线单词意思最接近的选项）
66. The teacher asked the students to cease talking. A. begin B. stop C. continue D. avoid
67. The view from the top was breathtaking. A. ugly B. amazing C. boring D. scary
68. He is very diligent and always finishes his work on time. A. lazy B. hardworking C. careless D. clever
69. The company faced a severe financial crisis. A. minor B. serious C. short D. expected
70. The food was scarce during the war. A. enough B. limited C. plenty D. delicious
参考答案及解析
一、单句猜测
1. 良性的（定义线索：meaning it was not harmful）
2. 吝啬的（反义线索：Unlike...generous）
3. 实施（举例线索：for example）
4. 勤奋地（语境：putting in extra hours）
5. 变化无常的（冒号后解释）
6. 幸福愉快感（同位语：a feeling of intense happiness）
7. 完全地（that is, they are completely opposite）
8. 停止（因果关系：because sales had been declining）
9. 发霉的（as if 解释）
10. 健谈的（反义线索：unlike...who talks for hours）
11. 警告（warning them）
12. 一撮（同位语：a very small amount）
13. 遏制（it aims to reduce）
14. 精疲力竭的（同位语：completely worn out）
15. 真品的（not a copy）
16. 嬉戏（running and playing happily）
17. 休会（that is, it was temporarily ended）
18. 简洁的（just "yes" or "no"）
19. 浅的（so you can walk across）
20. 矛盾的（冒号后解释）
21. 灾难性的（destroying hundreds of homes）
22. 多才多艺的（can play piano, guitar, and violin）
23. 易碎的（as it could break easily）
24. 暴跌（dropping by 50%）
25. 清晰的（making it easy to understand）
26. 温顺的（followed every command, unlike the aggressive ones）
27. 鲜为人知的（few people have heard of it）
28. 著名的（known worldwide）
29. 可口的（though not the best）
30. 巩固（making it stronger and more lasting）
二、语篇完形填空
31. D 32. B 33. B 34. B 35. B
36. B 37. B 38. B 39. B 40. C（carbon footprint 碳足迹，但此处footprint指“影响”即碳排放量，选C）
41. A 42. B 43. B 44. A 45. B
46. B 47. B 48. B 49. B 50. B
51. A 52. B 53. B 54. B 55. B
三、匹配练习
56. b 57. b 58. b 59. a 60. b 61. b 62. a 63. b 64. b 65. a
四、选择同义词
66. B 67. B 68. B 69. B 70. B
教学使用建议： 建议学生先理解六类线索，然后通过单句练习识别线索，再在语篇中综合运用。教师可引导学生分析每题的线索类型，总结规律。平时阅读中鼓励学生遇到生词先猜后查，培养猜词能力。
阅读理解——词义猜测
【核心知识·深度解读】
词义猜测是高考阅读理解必考题型，主要考查考生利用上下文推断生词或熟词生义的能力。近三年真题显示，词义猜测题多围绕名词、动词、形容词设题，常见线索包括定义、同位语、反义、对比、举例、因果关系以及构词法。掌握这些线索，可以快速准确解题。
一、六大猜测线索
线索类型 标志词/结构 示例
定义线索 be, mean, refer to, be called, be known as, that is, in other words, i.e. A person who is altruistic is someone who cares about others more than themselves.
同位语线索 逗号、破折号、括号、or（同位语） The ornithologist, a scientist who studies birds, spent years in the rainforest.
反义线索 but, however, while, whereas, unlike, instead of, rather than Unlike his gregarious brother, Tom is shy and reserved.
对比线索 similarly, likewise, in the same way, on the contrary, in contrast In many countries, it's common to tip waiters; in contrast, in Japan it is considered inappropriate.
举例线索 for example, such as, like, including She enjoys sedentary activities, such as reading and knitting.
因果关系 because, since, as, so, thus, therefore, as a result The team was elated because they had won the championship.
构词法 前缀、后缀、合成词 Unpredictable = un- (not) + predict (预测) + able (可...的) → 不可预测的
二、解题步骤
① 定位：找到生词在文中的位置。
② 搜索线索：前后扫描寻找定义、同位语、对比、因果等标志词。
③ 代入验证：将猜测的词义代入原句，检查语义是否通顺。
专项突破·词义猜测
一、单句猜测（根据语境猜测画线单词的意思）
1. The doctor said the patient's condition was benign, meaning it was not harmful and would not cause death.
2. Unlike his parsimonious father, who never spent a penny, John is generous and often buys gifts for friends.
3. Many cities have implemented recycling programs; for example, San Francisco now recycles 80% of its waste.
4. The team worked assiduously on the project, putting in extra hours every day to meet the deadline.
5. The weather was capricious: one moment it was sunny, the next it was pouring rain.
6. She felt a sense of euphoria after winning the award, a feeling of intense happiness.
7. The two theories are diametrically opposed; that is, they are completely opposite.
8. The company decided to discontinue the product because sales had been declining steadily.
9. The old house had a musty smell, as if it had been closed for years without fresh air.
10. Unlike his loquacious sister, who talks for hours, Mark rarely speaks.
11. The teacher admonished the students for being late, warning them that it would not be tolerated again.
12. The recipe calls for a pinch of salt, a very small amount that you can hold between your fingers.
13. The new law is designed to curb pollution; it aims to reduce emissions from factories.
14. After the long hike, they were exhausted, completely worn out and in need of rest.
15. The painting was authentic, not a copy, and therefore worth millions.
16. The children were frolicking in the park, running and playing happily.
17. The meeting was adjourned until next week; that is, it was temporarily ended and will continue later.
18. He gave a terse reply, just "yes" or "no", without any explanation.
19. The river is shallow here, so you can walk across it easily.
20. She was ambivalent about the job offer: she liked the salary but hated the location.
21. The storm caused catastrophic damage, destroying hundreds of homes and leaving many homeless.
22. He is a versatile musician who can play piano, guitar, and violin equally well.
23. The fragile vase must be handled carefully, as it could break easily.
24. The company's profits plummeted last year, dropping by 50%.
25. She gave a lucid explanation of the complex theory, making it easy to understand.
26. The dog was docile and followed every command, unlike the aggressive ones.
27. The book is obscure; few people have heard of it, and it's hard to find in libraries.
28. The athlete was renowned for his speed, known worldwide as the fastest man.
29. The food was palatable, though not the best we've ever had.
30. The two countries signed a treaty to cement their relationship, making it stronger and more lasting.
二、语篇完形填空（根据上下文猜测画线单词的意思，从A、B、C、D中选择）
Passage 1
The Amazon rainforest is home to an incredible variety of species. However, deforestation is causing many of these creatures to lose their habitats. One such animal is the jaguar, a large wild cat that is nocturnal, meaning it is active at night. Jaguars are carnivores, so they eat other animals. Unfortunately, they are now endangered, facing a high risk of extinction. Conservationists are working hard to mitigate the damage and protect these magnificent creatures.
31. jaguar A. 一种植物 B. 一种猴子 C. 一种蛇 D. 一种大型猫科动物
32. nocturnal A. 白天活动的 B. 夜间活动的 C. 温顺的 D. 凶猛的
33. carnivores A. 食草动物 B. 食肉动物 C. 杂食动物 D. 腐食动物
34. endangered A. 危险的 B. 濒危的 C. 保护的 D. 灭绝的
35. mitigate A. 加剧 B. 减轻 C. 忽略 D. 庆祝
Passage 2
Climate change is one of the most pressing issues of our time. The burning of fossil fuels releases greenhouse gases, which trap heat in the atmosphere. This leads to a rise in global temperatures, a phenomenon known as global warming. The effects are already palpable: sea levels are rising, and extreme weather events are becoming more frequent. Some scientists warn that if we don't act quickly, the consequences could be irreversible. Governments are being urged to adopt policies that promote renewable energy. Individuals can also contribute by reducing their carbon footprint.
36. palpable A. 难以察觉的 B. 显而易见的 C. 令人愉快的 D. 令人担忧的
37. frequent A. 罕见的 B. 频繁的 C. 规律的 D. 突然的
38. irreversible A. 可逆的 B. 不可逆的 C. 可修复的 D. 不可修复的
39. adopt A. 抛弃 B. 采用 C. 调整 D. 适应
40. footprint A. 脚印 B. 影响 C. 排放量 D. 足迹
Passage 3
Many young people today are addicted to their smartphones, constantly checking social media. This can lead to a condition called "nomophobia" — the fear of being without a mobile phone. Psychologists warn that excessive screen time can impair sleep and concentration. Some schools have banned phones during class to help students focus. However, experts say the solution is not to eliminate technology but to use it wisely. Parents should encourage their children to engage in other activities, such as sports or reading, which are more wholesome.
41. addicted A. 沉迷的 B. 讨厌的 C. 依赖的 D. 抗拒的
42. impair A. 提高 B. 损害 C. 恢复 D. 促进
43. banned A. 允许 B. 禁止 C. 鼓励 D. 忽略
44. eliminate A. 消除 B. 增加 C. 保留 D. 发展
45. wholesome A. 有害的 B. 健康的 C. 无聊的 D. 复杂的
Passage 4
The Industrial Revolution brought about radical changes in society. It transformed economies from agriculture to manufacturing. Cities grew rapidly as people moved from rural areas to find work in factories. However, working conditions were often deplorable: long hours, low pay, and unsafe environments. Labor movements emerged to advocate for workers' rights. Eventually, laws were passed to regulate working hours and improve safety. These changes paved the way for the modern labor standards we enjoy today, which are a stark contrast to the past.
46. radical A. 微小的 B. 根本的 C. 表面的 D. 缓慢的
47. deplorable A. 令人羡慕的 B. 悲惨的 C. 舒适的 D. 安全的
48. advocate A. 反对 B. 提倡 C. 忽视 D. 研究
49. regulate A. 取消 B. 管理 C. 放松 D. 加强
50. contrast A. 相似 B. 对比 C. 相同 D. 混合
Passage 5
Einstein was a prolific writer, publishing over 300 scientific papers. His theory of relativity revolutionized physics, changing how we understand space and time. Despite his genius, he was a humble man who often downplayed his achievements. He was also an ardent pacifist, speaking out against war. His legacy continues to inspire scientists today. Many of his ideas were so profound that they are still being explored and tested.
51. prolific A. 多产的 B. 单一的 C. 著名的 D. 普通的
52. revolutionized A. 巩固 B. 彻底改变 C. 支持 D. 反对
53. humble A. 骄傲的 B. 谦逊的 C. 聪明的 D. 古怪的
54. ardent A. 冷漠的 B. 热情的 C. 偶然的 D. 强制的
55. profound A. 肤浅的 B. 深刻的 C. 简单的 D. 复杂的
三、匹配练习（将画线单词与它在语境中的含义连线）
56. The company launched a new product last week. (a. 发射 b. 推出)
57. She studied the document carefully. (a. 学习 b. 仔细看)
58. He runs a small business. (a. 跑 b. 经营)
59. The river flows into the sea. (a. 流动 b. 涌入)
60. He plays the piano beautifully. (a. 玩 b. 演奏)
61. The company posted a profit of $1 million. (a. 张贴 b. 获得)
62. She raised her hand to ask a question. (a. 举起 b. 抚养)
63. The meeting fell on a Sunday. (a. 落下 b. 适逢)
64. He picked the best candidate for the job. (a. 捡起 b. 挑选)
65. The car cost him a fortune. (a. 花费 b. 成本)
四、选择同义词（选择与画线单词意思最接近的选项）
66. The teacher asked the students to cease talking. A. begin B. stop C. continue D. avoid
67. The view from the top was breathtaking. A. ugly B. amazing C. boring D. scary
68. He is very diligent and always finishes his work on time. A. lazy B. hardworking C. careless D. clever
69. The company faced a severe financial crisis. A. minor B. serious C. short D. expected
70. The food was scarce during the war. A. enough B. limited C. plenty D. delicious
参考答案及解析
一、单句猜测
1. 良性的（定义线索：meaning it was not harmful）
2. 吝啬的（反义线索：Unlike...generous）
3. 实施（举例线索：for example）
4. 勤奋地（语境：putting in extra hours）
5. 变化无常的（冒号后解释）
6. 幸福愉快感（同位语：a feeling of intense happiness）
7. 完全地（that is, they are completely opposite）
8. 停止（因果关系：because sales had been declining）
9. 发霉的（as if 解释）
10. 健谈的（反义线索：unlike...who talks for hours）
11. 警告（warning them）
12. 一撮（同位语：a very small amount）
13. 遏制（it aims to reduce）
14. 精疲力竭的（同位语：completely worn out）
15. 真品的（not a copy）
16. 嬉戏（running and playing happily）
17. 休会（that is, it was temporarily ended）
18. 简洁的（just "yes" or "no"）
19. 浅的（so you can walk across）
20. 矛盾的（冒号后解释）
21. 灾难性的（destroying hundreds of homes）
22. 多才多艺的（can play piano, guitar, and violin）
23. 易碎的（as it could break easily）
24. 暴跌（dropping by 50%）
25. 清晰的（making it easy to understand）
26. 温顺的（followed every command, unlike the aggressive ones）
27. 鲜为人知的（few people have heard of it）
28. 著名的（known worldwide）
29. 可口的（though not the best）
30. 巩固（making it stronger and more lasting）
二、语篇完形填空
31. D 32. B 33. B 34. B 35. B
36. B 37. B 38. B 39. B 40. C（carbon footprint 碳足迹，但此处footprint指“影响”即碳排放量，选C）
41. A 42. B 43. B 44. A 45. B
46. B 47. B 48. B 49. B 50. B
51. A 52. B 53. B 54. B 55. B
三、匹配练习
56. b 57. b 58. b 59. a 60. b 61. b 62. a 63. b 64. b 65. a
四、选择同义词
66. B 67. B 68. B 69. B 70. B
教学使用建议： 建议学生先理解六类线索，然后通过单句练习识别线索，再在语篇中综合运用。教师可引导学生分析每题的线索类型，总结规律。平时阅读中鼓励学生遇到生词先猜后查，培养猜词能力。