【培优方案】UNIT 1　Nature in the balance（讲义）（教师版）译林英语必修第三册

Section Ⅲ　Integrated skills
为校报写一篇号召人们保护动物的文章
　　本单元的写作任务是给校报写一篇号召人们保护动物的文章。由于生存环境的不断恶化，大量野生动物面临濒危或灭绝的威胁。我们应该认识到人类不恰当的消费（如食用鱼翅）和破坏生态环境与濒危物种的消失有直接关系，因此我们应该增强保护动物的意识和责任感。在写此类文章时，文章主题要鲜明，内容要简明扼要。写作体裁可以是倡议书，也可以是海报等。具体写作结构为：
一、写作常用词汇
1.wildlife n.　　　 野生动植物，野生生物
2.habitat n. 栖息地
3.decrease v. 减少
4.cruel adj. 残忍的
5.reserve n. 保护区
6.hunt v. 打猎
7.protect v. 保护
8.ecosystem n. 生态系统
9.endangered species 濒危物种
10.feed on 以……为食
11.in danger of 处于……危险中
12.arouse one’s awareness of ... 唤起某人的……意识
13.in harmony with 和谐相处
14.take measures/steps 采取措施
二、写作常用句式（注意加蓝部分的表达）
1.It’s a fact that many rare animals are in danger of extinction.
许多稀有动物正处于灭绝的危险，这是个事实。
2.The reason why the number of animal species is decreasing is that animals have become victims of fashion industry.动物物种数量减少的原因是动物成为时尚产业的受害者。
3.It is because of human activities that animals are in danger of dying out.
正是由于人类活动，动物才处于灭绝的危险之中。
4.Only if we take some effective measures can wild animals be protected.
只有我们采取一些有效措施，才能保护野生动物。
5.The government has taken effective measures to protect them.政府已采取有效的措施来保护它们。
6.Everybody should raise the awareness that it’s our duty to protect wild animals.每个人都应该增强保护野生动物是我们的责任的意识。
7.If we can do the things above， I believe we can live in harmony with animals.如果我们能做到以上几点，我相信我们能与动物和谐相处。
　　假定你是李华，你所生活的城市周围有很多动植物正逐渐减少，对此，请你给校报写一封信，呼吁大家保护动物。内容包括：
　　1.说明野生动物对于人类的好处；
　　2.分析野生动物的生存现状；
　　3.提出保护野生动物的建议。
注意：1.写作词数应为80左右；
2.请按如下格式作答。
Dear Sir or Madam，
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　I hope my suggestions are helpful.
Yours sincerely，
Li Hua
第一步：审题谋篇，合理布局
第二步：遣词造句，规范得体
◎核心词汇
1.保护野生动物　 　protect the wild animals　
2.破坏 　damage　
3.生活栖息地 　living habitats　
4.采取措施 　take measures　
5.保护……免于…… 　protect ...from ...　
6.砍倒 　cut down　
7.阻止……做…… 　stop ...from doing ...　
8.野生动物保护区 　wildlife reserves　
9.建立 　set up　
10.提高……的意识 　raise the awareness of　
◎遣词造句
1.动物是我们的朋友，它们对我们这个世界来说非常重要。
　Animals are our friends and they are very important to our world.　
2.我写这封信是就保护我们周边的野生动物提一些建议。
　I’m writing this letter to give some suggestions to protect the wild animals around us.　
3.随着城市的快速发展，人类活动已经破坏了一些动物的生活栖息地。
　With the rapid development of the cities， human activities have damaged some animals’ living habitats.　
4.另外，有些野生动物因为气候恶劣而死去。
　In addition， some wild animals have died because the climate is terrible.　
5.是我们采取一些措施来保护动物的时候了。
　It is time for us to take some measures to protect the animals.　
6.必须制定更多的法律来阻止人们捕猎动物。
　More laws must be made to stop people from hunting animals.　
7.应当建立更多的野生动物保护区以便它们能安全地生活。
　More wildlife reserves should be set up so that they can live safely.　
8.市民应该提高保护野生动物的意识。
　Citizens should raise their awareness of protecting wild animals.　
第三步：词句升级，彰显文采
1.用定语从句改写句1
　Animals are our friends， which are very important to our world.　
2.用强调句改写句3
　With the rapid development of the cities， it is human activities that have damaged some animals’ living habitats.　
3.用due to改写句4
　In addition， some wild animals have died due to the terrible climate.　
4.用虚拟语气改写句5
　It is time that we took/should take some measures to protect the animals.　
第四步：检查誊写，连句成篇
Dear Sir or Madam，
　　　Animals are our friends， which are very important to our world.I’m writing this letter to give some suggestions to protect the wild animals around us.　
　　　With the rapid development of the cities， it is human activities that have damaged some animals’ living habitats.In addition， some wild animals have died due to the terrible climate.It is time that we took/should take some measures to protect the animals.To begin with， more laws must be made to stop people from hunting animals.What’s more， more wildlife reserves should be set up so that they can live safely.Last but not least， citizens should raise their awareness of protecting wild animals.　
　　I hope my suggestions are helpful.
Yours sincerely，
Li Hua
【即时演练】
　　你校英文报Great Nature栏目现面向全体学生征集关于濒危野生动物保护的小报告，请你写一篇短文投稿，内容包括：
　　1.介绍一种濒危物种；
　　2.该物种所面临的现状；
　　3.呼吁保护野生动物。
注意：1.写作词数应为80左右；
2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
参考范文：
A Report on Tigers
　　Famous as being strong and fierce， the tiger is often called the “king of the jungle”.Despite being big and strong， they are in danger as hunters hunt them for their fur， bones or other parts of their bodies.Moreover， they’re losing living areas because people are cutting down too many trees.
Luckily， people have come to realise the important role of wildlife in the balance of nature and started to take action.As students we should also do what we can to prevent tigers from dying out.Otherwise， there may be none left in the world.
维度一：品句填词
根据所给单词的首字母或汉语提示，写出单词的正确形式。
1.The only evidence of pandas was their tracks　 in the snow.
2.The company is trying to create a young energetic image　.
3.Few countries have as rich a diversity of natural habitat　 as South Africa.
4.　Deer　 （鹿） hunting was banned in Scotland in 1959.
5.The 　shark　 （鲨鱼） was writhing around wildly， trying to get free.
维度二：词形转换
用所给单词的正确形式填空。
1.A 　tracker　 （track） is a person who can find people or wild animals by following their prints.
2.His 　application　 （apply） for membership of the organization was rejected.
3.To be honest， the young man is an 　absolutely　 （absolute） brilliant singer.
维度三：固定搭配和句式
根据汉语提示完成下列句子。
1.His name 　doesn’t spring to my mind　 immediately.
他的名字没有立即出现在我的脑海中。
2.　It’s hard to keep track of　 the children’s comings and goings.
很难跟得上孩子们的行踪。
3.As the demand for products rises， 　so do their prices　.
随着对产品需要的增加，其价格也会上涨。
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
　　When Ariel Cordova-Rojas rode her bike to Jamaica Bay Wildlife Refuge in Queens， New York， last November， she planned to go hiking and bird-watching.Bingo！
　　A mile into her walk， she spotted a beautiful female mute swan （疣鼻天鹅） near the water’s edge.Cordova-Rojas， 30， who had worked at the Wild Bird Fund recovery center in Manhattan， knew that mute swans can be battlesome.But as she approached this one， it didn’t move.She was certain that the bird needed medical attention.Cordova-Rojas placed her jacket over the bird’s head to keep it calm， carefully picked it up， and held it in her arms.And then a thought struck her：What do I do now？
　　Her best bet was the recovery center， but that was across the East River and clear on the other side of town.How was she going to transport a 17-pound swan on her bike all that way？ Luckily，some strangers driving by offered her， her bike， and the swan a lift to a nearby subway station.She worried others might be disturbed.However， on the subway， no one seemed particularly fazed by the feathered passenger.One guy， says Cordova-Rojas， was “sitting right in front of me on his phone.I don’t know if he noticed there was a swan in front of him”.
　　Cordova-Rojas called the recovery center， and Tristan Higginbotham，an animal-care manager， picked her up at the subway station and drove the bird， the bike， and the rescuer to the facility.There，staff members determined that the swan might have lead poisoning.
　　The staff got the swan back up on her feet.She even made a boyfriend at the center — another injured swan.Sadly， even with all that tender loving care， the swan fell ill with a bacterial infection.Two months after Cordova-Rojas came to her rescue， she passed away.
　　It’s a disappointing ending， but the real story is just how far some people are willing to go to save a swan in the big city literally.In all， Cordova-Rojas traveled two hours by foot， car， and subway （with her bike）.“That’s the perfect summary of who she is，” says Higginbotham.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了30岁的科尔多瓦·罗哈斯偶遇一只受伤的疣鼻天鹅，并对其实施救助的故事。
1.How did Cordova-Rojas know the swan was in trouble？（　　）
A.She noticed a scar on the swan.
B.She found the swan trapped in water.
C.The swan was behaving in an abnormal way.
D.The swan attacked her when she came near it.
解析：C　细节理解题。根据第二段第二至四句可知，疣鼻天鹅本性好斗，但是当科尔多瓦·罗哈斯靠近这只天鹅时，它没有动。正是它的反常行为让她知道天鹅遇到了麻烦。
2.What does the underlined word “fazed” in Paragraph 3 mean？（　　）
A.On top of the world. B.In the wrong.
C.On the rocks. D.At a loss.
解析：D　词义猜测题。根据上句She worried others might be disturbed.和画线词所在句中的However可推知，她担心的事情并未发生，没人觉得天鹅乘地铁有什么不妥，没有人看起来“困惑不解”。画线词与at a loss意思相近。
3.How was the swan’s life at the recovery center？（　　）
A.The swan enjoyed its staying there.
B.Many people came to visit the swan.
C.The swan suffered a lot of pain there.
D.The swan’s life there was totally disappointing.
解析：A　推理判断题。根据倒数第二段第一、二句可知，天鹅在康复中心重新站了起来，甚至还交了男朋友。由此推知，天鹅享受着在康复中心的生活。
4.What sort of person was Cordova-Rojas？（　　）
A.Curious and generous. B.Caring and thoughtful.
C.Energetic and independent. D.Sensible and straightforward.
解析：B　推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是第二段中Cordova-Rojas果断而细心地救助天鹅的行为和最后一段中Cordova-Rojas traveled two hours by foot， car， and subway （with her bike）可知，她富有爱心，而且细心周到。
B
　　Textile （纺织品） waste is a growing problem for our environment.The Environmental Protection Agency （EPA） reported the US throws away more than 11 million tons of clothing every year.That is why some small businesses spotting the problem are beginning to recycle in ways they haven’t done before.
　　Create Good Company is a clothing company that tries to produce sustainable （可持续的） clothing and repurpose older clothing into updated fashionable items.Maggie Hendricks， the owner of Create Good Company， said， “If you can revamp what you find， why wouldn’t you do that instead of buying new things？ It’s a big issue not to create new waste.I would say we are 90% recycled materials.”
　　According to the EPA， the average consumer throws away 81.5 pounds of clothes every year.“Anywhere between 10%－17% of the waste that’s going into landfills is made up of things like textiles and clothing，” said Danny Katz with the CoPIRG Foundation.“A lot of the clothing that we’re producing doesn’t even get worn， so it’s going right to the landfill or even being burned and contributing to pollution that way.It’s really worrying.”
　　This is why businesses like Create Good Company exist — to use outdated clothing and turn it into dresses or jackets.
　　“There’s just so much waste and so many big companies that might not think about it，” Hendricks said.“Just standing with other like-minded people who are interested in sustainability is important.”
　　Another important element Hendricks has focused on is creating these items and selling them at an affordable price.
　　“Sustainability sometimes is greenwashed in companies and they make things more expensive，” Hendricks said.“That’s not how we become a sustainable world.I think making products affordable is important to me.I want to buy things that are better for the environment without throwing my pocketbook in the fire.”
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。一些小企业致力于把旧衣物加工成新的时尚的衣服，以减少纺织物浪费。
5.What does the underlined word “revamp” in Paragraph 2 mean？（　　）
A.Share. B.Decorate.
C.Replace. D.Improve.
解析：D　词义猜测题。根据画线词后的It’s a big issue not to create new waste.I would say we are 90% recycled materials.可知，不制造新的废弃物是个大问题，她们公司的生产用料有90%为回收材料。由此推断，她建议人们不要买新衣物，而是翻新旧衣物。revamp意为“翻新”。
6.What makes Danny Katz worried？（　　）
A.The use of old clothing.
B.The cost of textile pollution.
C.The effect of clothing waste.
D.The future of the textile industry.
解析：C　细节理解题。根据第三段内容可知，Danny Katz对纺织品废弃物所造成的浪费和环境污染有些担忧。
7.What does Hendricks care more about when it comes to a sustainable product？（　　）
A.Its sales. B.Its price.
C.Its producer. D.Its quality.
解析：B　推理判断题。根据倒数第二段内容和最后一段中Hendricks所说的话可知，Hendricks更关心可持续产品的价格是否亲民。
8.What is the best title for the text？（　　）
A.The EPA’s Measures to Reduce Textile Waste
B.Small Businesses Working to Prevent Textile Waste
C.Textile Businesses’ Social Responsibility and Their Waste
D.Consumers Being Aware of the Seriousness of Textile Waste
解析：B　标题归纳题。纺织品废弃物是一个日益严重的问题。据EPA的统计，在美国普通消费者每年扔掉81.5磅衣物，这造成了严重的环境污染。一些认识到该问题的小公司开始回收废弃纺织物，并将它们重新设计成新的时尚物品。因此，B项最适合作文章标题。
C
　　（2024·江苏泰州高一期中）A new study says the Amazon rainforest is nearing a tipping point （临界点） in its decline that could see the biologically rich and diverse ecosystem turned into a savannah （热带草原）.
　　“The Amazon is losing its ability to recover from disturbances like drought and extreme weather.Deforestation and climate change are likely the main drivers of this decline，” study co-author Niklas Boers said in a statement.The researchers say they’ve found evidence of this decline across 75 per cent of the Amazon.
　　“It’s worth reminding ourselves that if it gets to that tipping point and we commit to losing the Amazon rainforest， we will get significant feedback on global climate change，” said Timothy Lenton，a scientist and co-author of the study.
　　The research team looked at three decades’ worth of satellite data， paying close attention to trees and other plants after extreme events.The researchers concluded that the forest， which is essential for oxygen production and carbon sequestration（碳封存）， has been losing its resilience for the last two decades.
　　The researchers say the forest is nearing a tipping point， but the arrival date is unclear as a number of factors can push it closer to or farther from that edge.It’s just too challenging to estimate when the change may occur.But the scientists warn that once the tipping point has been crossed，the change could happen quickly.
　　The news comes after the Amazon recorded record levels of deforestation in Brazil in January.Animal agriculture is causing deforestation in the Amazon， as Brazil is now the world’s top beef exporter.Last November， the EU took steps to ban beef linked to deforestation.“What we propose is a pioneering initiative，” Virginijus Sinkevicius，the EU environment commissioner， said.“The EU action alone will not solve the problem.We also need major markets like the US to clean up their supply chain.”
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。新的研究表明，由于滥伐森林和气候变化，亚马孙雨林正逐渐退化。
9.What can we learn from the study？（　　）
A.The Amazon rainforest is in danger of changing into grassland.
B.The Amazon rainforest has reached the point of no return.
C.Scientists are convinced that the change could happen quickly.
D.Scientists are unclear about what is responsible for the decline.
解析：A　细节理解题。根据第一段内容可知，亚马孙雨林正面临着变成热带草原的危险。
10.What does the underlined word “resilience” in Paragraph 4 probably mean？（　　）
A.The ability to predict the future.
B.The ability to rise to challenges.
C.The ability to remain unchanged.
D.The ability to go back to normal.
解析：D　词义猜测题。根据第四段首句可知，专家研究了三十年来森林在极端事件后的变化，结合画线词前的has been losing its可知，森林在经历了极端事件后，已经无法完全恢复到之前的状态，resilience与D项“回归正常的能力”意思接近。
11.What does the EU environment commissioner expect？（　　）
A.Deforestation will become easy to deal with.
B.The export of beef should be banned.
C.More countries should join hands.
D.The EU should adopt strict measures.
解析：C　细节理解题。根据文章末句可知，欧盟环境专员希望更多的国家和欧盟一起努力来应对这一问题。
12.What is the text likely to be？（　　）
A.An adventure diary. B.A scientific report.
C.An official proposal. D.A biology textbook.
解析：B　文章体裁题。通读全文尤其是第一段可知，亚马孙雨林正在接近其退化的临界点。文章主要介绍了该研究的方法和结论，应属于科学报道。
D
　　Have you ever noticed the birdsong you used to wake up to as a child has been thinning？ Such has been the case in Australia for the endangered eastern bristlebird， with its numbers declining dramatically in the past 40 years.
　　At first glance， there is nothing too unique about the eastern bristlebird.Its song， while beautiful，doesn’t stand out in a typical Australian forest.Since the 1980s， researchers have been trying to understand why the eastern bristlebird has seen such rapid decline.Time and again， fires taking place unexpectedly come up as the main factor — along with the increase in fire frequency， climate change and habitat loss.
　　Fire can be deadly for many wild animals， but there is something special about the bristlebird that makes it particularly vulnerable （易受……伤害的） to large， frequent fires.Eastern bristlebirds，despite being able to fly， appear not to appreciate the view of a top story.They don’t choose to live in the treetops， or even on lower branches of trees.They prefer low， dense vegetation （植被）.
　　This habitat structure is important for many small animals even less noticeable than the bristlebird， such as spiders， beetles and worms.This means the bristlebird can act like an indicator how the entire understory ecosystem is doing.Unfortunately， low， dense vegetation is often the first to burn and disappear during a fire.Worse still，it takes years for an understory to recover fully.
　　The eastern bristlebird may only be one fire away from extinction， signaling a possible collapse of their ground-level ecosystem.However， all hope was not lost as this knowledge had led to emergency rescues of bristlebirds.And translocation programs， which have been an important strategy for saving almost every vulnerable native Australian species， are in place for this little unremarkable bird.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了东刺莺鸟的数量迅速下降的原因以及人们准备拯救它的计划。
13.What do we know about the eastern bristlebird from the passage？（　　）
A.It can not fly high.
B.It has unique appearance.
C.Its song is highly appreciated.
D.Its situation has attracted great attention.
解析：D　推理判断题。根据第二段中Since the 1980s ...why the eastern bristlebird has seen such rapid decline.可知，东刺莺鸟数量迅速下降的情况引起了研究人员的关注。
14.Which is the main reason for bristlebirds’ decline？（　　）
A.Unexpected fires. B.Frequent fires.
C.Lack of habitat. D.Global warming.
解析：A　细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句可知，一再发生的意外火灾是刺莺鸟减少的主要因素。
15.What makes bristlebird vulnerable to fires？（　　）
A.Its importance in ecosystem.
B.Its appreciation for top story.
C.Its preference for low habitat.
D.Its influence on small animals.
解析：C　细节理解题。根据第三段及第四段最后两句可知，刺莺鸟偏爱低处的栖息地使它更容易受到火灾的伤害。
16.What can we expect of bristlebirds in the future？（　　）
A.Their decline is likely to slow down.
B.Their numbers will increase rapidly.
C.They may save the entire ecosystem.
D.They will disappear with one more fire.
解析：A　推理判断题。根据最后一段中However， all hope was not lost ...are in place for this little unremarkable bird.可知，救援和迁移计划已为刺莺鸟准备就绪。由此推知，将来它们的减少趋势可能会放缓。
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
　　Mars is truly a fascinating planet for us on Earth.17.（　　） It is about one seventh as big as Earth and is often referred to as the Red Planet because of its red surface.
　　The Red Planet has the largest volcano in the solar system — Olympus Mons.18.（　　） That’s about three times the height of Mount Qomolangma.
　　Mars also has an atmosphere， but it is very thin and made up mostly of carbon dioxide.Because of its thin atmosphere and greater distance from the Sun， Mars is much colder than Earth.19.（　　） The dust storms of Mars can grow so big that sometimes they blanket the entire planet and last for months.The poles on Mars are a lot like Antarctica， capped by ice， but much of Mars’ ice is made from carbon dioxide， not water.
　　Scientists believe that studying Mars can help answer some of the key questions about our planet Earth， or even the universe.
　　20.（　　） Since 1960， more than half of all attempted Mars missions have failed.The USA， Russia， the European Space Agency， and several other countries or agencies have lost many spacecraft in their quest to explore the Red Planet.Nevertheless， they will still continue their explorations.Chinese experts are confident about their plan to explore Mars， in spite of the many challenges.The first Mars unmanned spacecraft was launched from Wenchang around 2020.But it is only the beginning of deep voyages into outer space.21.（　　）
A.It is roughly 27 kilometres high.
B.Missions to Mars have never been easy.
C.Mars， however， today has no active volcanoes.
D.The temperature at the planet’s surface varies widely.
E.However， Mars does have weather， with clouds and winds.
F.China will continue to explore the mysteries of the universe.
G.It is one of the few planets that we can see with our own eyes.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了火星的自然环境以及火星任务的实施难度。
17.G　根据设空前后句可知，所填句与下文并列，都是在简要介绍火星的情况。G项中的It指代Mars。故G项（它是少数几个我们能用肉眼看到的行星之一）符合语境。
18.A　根据下文That’s about three times the height of Mount Qomolangma.可知，所填句是承前说明奥林匹斯山的高度。故A项（它大约27千米高）符合语境。
19.E　上文是在介绍火星上的气候，下文提到了沙尘暴。故E项（然而，火星上确实有气象，有云和风）符合语境。
20.B　根据空后一句可知，超过半数的火星任务都失败了，也就是说，执行火星任务并不容易。故B项（火星任务从来都不容易）符合语境。
21.F　所填句为本段最后一句，应承接上文继续说明中国在宇宙探索方面的进步。故F项（中国将继续探索宇宙的奥秘）符合语境。
Ⅲ.应用文写作
　　假定你是李华，最近得知国际动物保护协会正在招募志愿者，你对此很感兴趣。请你用英语给该协会负责人写一封邮件，内容包括：
　　1.介绍自己；
　　2.申请理由；
　　3.期待回复。
注意：1.写作词数应为80左右；
2.请按如下格式作答。
Dear Sir or Madam，
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
Yours sincerely，
Li Hua
参考范文：
Dear Sir or Madam，
　　I’m a high school student from China.As an animal lover， I felt really excited when I learned you’re in need of volunteers.It’s a good opportunity for me to do something for endangered animals.
　　I often take part in activities to help animals， such as raising money for stray dogs and cats.What’s more， I’ve also learned how to take care of injured animals.So I believe I would be capable in this job.
　　I would be very happy if I could work for you.
　　Looking forward to your reply.
Yours sincerely，
Li Hua
11 / 12Section Ⅰ　Welcome to the unit & Reading
The Amazon rainforest： a natural treasure
　　[1]Welcome to the jungle， a huge sea of① green alive with② the sounds of animals.This is the Amazon rainforest.[2]As the largest rainforest in the world， it plays a significant role in③ maintaining the fine balance of the Earth’s ecosystem④.
　　[1]句中a huge sea of green alive with the sounds of animals是名词the jungle的同位语。
　　[2]动词-ing形式短语maintaining the fine balance of the Earth’s ecosystem作介词in的宾语。
　　[3]The Amazon rainforest crosses into eight countries， including Brazil and Peru， and one overseas region⑤ of France， all on the South American continent⑥.[4]With an area of around 6 million⑦ square kilometres， the Amazon rainforest is more than half the size of China.[5]The Amazon River， from which the rainforest gets its name， is close to 6，400 kilometres in length⑧— roughly 100 kilometres longer than the Yangtze River.On its journey from the mountains to the ocean， the river supports many different ecosystems.They give this area the richest biodiversity⑨ on the Earth： one in ten known species⑩ in the world can be found here.
　　[3]句中all on the South American continent是独立主格结构（代词＋介词短语），在句中作状语。
　　[4]句中With an area of around 6 million square kilometres是with复合结构作状语；more than half the size of China 是倍数表达法之一，其结构为“倍数＋the size of＋被比较的对象”。
　　[5]“介词（from）＋which”引导非限制性定语从句，which指代先行词The Amazon River。
　　[6]Of the 390，000 plant species known to us， more than 40，000 can be found in the Amazon.This tall and ancient brazil nut tree produces nuts that we can eat； these water lilies are big enough to lie down on.The forest’s different levels support an unbelievable variety of wildlife .At the bottom， there is a system of roots beneath the ground.[7]Above that is the mass of leaf litter on the dark forest floor.The next level is made up of shorter plants with large leaves.Then there are the towering ancient hardwoods ， and finally the tops of the tallest trees many metres above the ground.Each level of the forest forms its own little world， home to different kinds of living things.
　　[6]句中known to us为动词-ed形式短语作后置定语，修饰名词短语the 390，000 plant species。
　　[7]本句是完全倒装句。表示地点、方位的介词短语Above that置于句首，句子用完全倒装结构。
　　More than 1，300 species of birds and over 400 species of mammals hide among the jungle’s plant life.This jaguar is one example.It has a yellowish-brown coat with black spots.[8]While a significant number of jaguars survive here， they are only one element of this forest’s food chain.They feed on at least 87 species， including frogs.These frogs ， in turn ， feed on insects which eat leaves and fruit.When a jaguar dies， a tiny army of microorganisms helps break down its body and return the nutrients to the earth.
　　The Amazon rainforest breathes life into the planet by fixing carbon and producing over 20 per cent of all the Earth’s oxygen .Thus， it is often known as the “lungs of the planet”.Moreover， the Amazon rainforest is a treasure house of species that can be used for food or medicine.Yet there is one major danger to these irreplaceable plants and animals： us.[9]Over the past 50 years， about 17 per cent of the rainforest has disappeared due to human activities such as agriculture and cattle farming.[10]As the impact of human activities continues to grow and the list of species in danger of extinction becomes longer， we are left with a question： can we afford to damage the “lungs of the planet”？
　　[8]While引导让步状语从句，意为“虽然，尽管”。
　　[9]本句时间状语为Over the past 50 years，是“over/in/during/for＋the past/last＋时间段”结构，主句用现在完成时。
　　[10]句中As意为“随着”，引导时间状语从句。
【读文清障】
①a （huge） sea of 大量的，大片的
②（be） alive with 充满，到处都是（活的或动的东西）
③play a significant role in 在……方面起着重要作用
④ecosystem n.生态系统
　[助记] 前缀eco- （生态的，环境的）＋system （系统）→ecosystem
　ecology n.生态；生态学
　ecotourism n.生态旅游
　eco-friendly adj.环保的
⑤overseas region 海外地区
　overseas adj.海外的，国外的
　adv.在海外，向国外
　region n.地区，区域；行政区
⑥continent n.大陆，陆地，洲
⑦million num.一百万；许多，大量
　millions of 数百万的
　billion num.十亿；数以十亿计
　billions of 数以十亿计的；数十亿；几十亿
⑧length n.长，长度；时间的长短；篇幅，（电影）片长
　in length 在长度上
⑨biodiversity n.生物多样性
　[助记] 前缀bio- （生物的）＋diversity （多样性）→biodiversity
　biology n.生物学
　biologist n.生物学家
⑩species n.（pl.species） 种，物种
nut n.坚果
　brazil nut 巴西坚果
lily n.百合（花）
　water lily 睡莲
variety n.不同种类；变化，多样性；变种，变体
　various adj.各种不同的，各种各样的
　a variety of 各种各样的
wildlife n.野生动植物，野生生物
beneath prep.在……下面，在……下方；配不上
mass n.大量；团，块，堆；一大群 adj.大批的，广泛的
　masses of 大量的，许多的
towering adj.高大的，高耸的；出色的
　tower n.塔 v.高于，远远超过；高耸于；胜过
hardwood n.阔叶树；硬材（阔叶树的木材）
living adj.活着的，活的；在使用的 n.生计，谋生；生活方式
　living things 生物
mammal n.哺乳动物
jaguar n.美洲豹，美洲虎
survive vi.生存，存活 vt.幸存，幸免于难
frog n.蛙，青蛙
in turn 相应地，转而；依次，轮流
　by turns 时而
microorganism n.微生物
　a tiny army of microorganisms 一小支微生物军队
break down 使分解（为），使变化（成）
　break up 打碎；垮掉；解散；结束；期终放假
nutrient n.营养素，营养物
breathe life into 给……带来起色，注入活力
　breathe in and breathe out 吸气和呼气
carbon n.碳
　carbon dioxide 二氧化碳
oxygen n.氧，氧气
　take in oxygen and breathe out carbon dioxide
　吸入氧，呼出二氧化碳
irreplaceable adj.不能替代的
disappear vi.不复存在，灭绝，消亡；消失；失踪
　disappearance n.消失；不见
　[反义]appear vi.出现→appearance n.出现
due to 由于，因为
　[同义]because of、 thanks to、 owing to、 as a result of、 on account of、 in consequence of/as a consequence of
agriculture n.农业，农学
　agricultural adj.农业的，农学的
cattle n.牛
　cattle farming 养牛
impact n.影响，作用；撞击，冲撞
　vi.& vt.有影响；冲击
　have an impact/influence/effect on　对……产生影响
extinction n.灭绝，绝种
　extinct adj.已灭绝的，绝种的；废除了的
　in danger of extinction 处于灭绝的危险之中
damage vt.& n.损害，伤害，损坏，破坏
　cause/do damage to 对……造成损害
【参考译文】
亚马孙雨林：大自然的宝藏
　　欢迎来到这片丛林，这是一片绿色的海洋，到处都可以听到动物发出的声音。这里是亚马孙雨林。作为世界上最大的雨林，它在维系地球生态系统的微妙平衡上扮演着举足轻重的角色。
　　亚马孙雨林穿过包括巴西、秘鲁在内的八个国家，以及一块法国的海外领地，都位于南美洲大陆。亚马孙雨林的面积约为600万平方千米，比中国国土面积的一半还要大。亚马孙雨林得名于亚马孙河，亚马孙河长接近6400千米，比长江还长约100千米。这条河从高山流向海洋，沿途维系着多种不同的生态系统。它们赋予这片区域地球上最丰富的生物多样性：全世界十分之一的已知物种，都可以在这里找到。
　　在人类已知的390000种植物物种中，在亚马孙可以找到40000多种。这棵高大、古老的巴西坚果树结出的坚果我们可以食用：这些睡莲（叶片）大到可以躺在上面。雨林的不同层次使种类多到难以置信的野生动植物得以生存。在底部，有一个地表下的根系。往上是阴暗森林地表厚实的落叶层。再往上一层由低矮的阔叶植物组成。然后是高耸、古老的阔叶树，最后是那些离地数米之高的大树的树冠。雨林的每一层都形成了自己的小世界，成为各种生物的家园。
　　1300多种鸟和400多种哺乳动物藏身于这片丛林的植被中。这只美洲豹就是个例子。它黄棕色的皮毛上遍布着黑点。尽管相当多的美洲豹在这里生存，但它们只是这个雨林食物链上的一个要素。它们捕食的物种至少有87种，其中包括青蛙。相应地，这些青蛙以昆虫为食，而昆虫则吃树叶和水果。美洲豹死后，一小支微生物军队会助力其尸体的分解，让营养素重回土壤之中。
亚马孙雨林通过固定碳，并产生超过全球总量20%的氧气，使得地球生生不息。因此，它也常常被称作“地球之肺”。此外，亚马孙雨林还是食用物种和药用物种的宝库。然而，这些无可取代的动植物面临的一个主要威胁就是：我们。在过去的50年里，由于农耕和养牛等人类活动，约17%的雨林已经消失了。随着人类活动的影响不断增加，濒危物种的名单越来越长，这就留给我们一个问题：我们能承担得起损害“地球之肺”的后果吗？
第一步：析架构，理文本脉络
Read the passage quickly and fill in the blanks with suitable words.
第二步：精读文，达明察秋毫
Read the passage carefully and choose the best answer.
1.Which of the following statements about the Amazon rainforest is TRUE according to the passage？（　　）
A.The Amazon rainforest plays an important part in keeping the balance of human and nature.
B.The Amazon rainforest crosses into seven countries， including Brazil and Peru.
C.The area of the Amazon rainforest is around 6 million square metres，more than half the size of China.
D.The Amazon rainforest is named after the Amazon River，which is close to 6，400 kilometres in length.
2.What can be inferred from the third paragraph in the passage？（　　）
A.There are only 390，000 species of plants on the Earth.
B.Different species of plants in Amazon rainforest grow in different levels.
C.At the bottom of the Amazon rainforest grow some bushes.
D.The ancient brazil nut trees and the water lilies are living in the same level.
3.The author uses the example of “jaguars” in Paragraph 4 　　　　.（　　）
A.to prove that some rare animals are still found in the rainforest
B.to show that they are only one element of this rainforest’s food chain
C.to explain how the food chain is formed
D.to warn readers to protect the animals from being damaged in the rainforest
4.Why is the Amazon rainforest known as the “lungs of the planet”？（　　）
A.Because it looks like a lung.
B.Because there are many species of plants and animals there.
C.Because it fixes carbon and produces over 20 per cent of all the Earth’s oxygen.
D.Because the Amazon rainforest will disappear.
5.Which is the major danger to wildlife species in the Amazon rainforest？（　　）
A.Agriculture.　　　　　 B.Cattle farming.
C.Human activities. D.Carbon and oxygen.
6.What’s the style of the passage？（　　）
A.An advertisement.
B.A travel journal.
C.An experiment report.
D.A documentary script.
答案：1－6　DBBCCD
第三步：通词句，学语言表达
1.词汇学习——循规律，记单词
这篇课文中出现了一些带有否定前缀的词汇，请找出它们，并自己再写出一些。
Prefixes Words
dis- 　disappear， disagree， disadvantage， dishonest， disabled， dissatisfied ...　
un- 　unbelievable， unlimited， unhappy， unknown， unusual， unreal ...　
in-/im-/il-/ir- 　irreplaceable， invisible， incorrect， imbalance， illegal， irregular ...　
non- 　non-smoking， non-stop， non-existent， non-profit， non-fiction ...　
2.美文欣赏——赏佳句，品用法
课文The Amazon rainforest： a natural treasure的语篇类型是纪录片脚本。纪录片脚本的语言作为电视语言中的一种，有其独特的风格。
（1）从人称和语气的角度看：作者大量使用第三人称，力求展现出真实的亚马孙雨林。但也少量使用了第一人称来拉近和读者的距离，引发读者共鸣。多使用陈述语气，有时也会使用疑问句，但其作用与其说是向读者提问，不如说是在引发读者的思考。例如，文章最后一段中的句子 　As the impact of human activities continues to grow and the list of species in danger of extinction becomes longer， we are left with a question： can we afford to damage the “lungs of the planet”？　。
（2）从语体风格来看：本文是阐释型纪录片，本质上属于说明文，内容科学、结构严谨、语言严密准确。例如，第二段中的句子　With an area of around 6 million square kilometres， the Amazon rainforest is more than half the size of China.　，作者使用了列数字和作比较的说明方法，帮助读者对亚马孙雨林的面积留下具体而鲜明的印象。另一方面，该脚本也借用了一些修辞手法来使其语言形象贴切，提升艺术感染力。例如，最后一段中的句子　Thus， it is often known as the “lungs of the planet”.　，作者把亚马孙雨林比作“地球之肺”，使其重要性跃然纸上。
Part Ⅰ　核心词汇集释
harm n.& vt.伤害，损害
【教材原句】　The human race has done much harm.人类已经造成了很多伤害。
【用法】
（1）do/cause sb/sth harm＝do/cause harm to sb/sth　　 对某人/某物造成危害/有害 there is no harm in doing sth＝it does no harm to do sth 做某事并无害处；不妨做某事 （2）harmful adj. 有害的 be harmful to ... 对……有害 （3）harmless adj. 无害的 be harmless to ... 对……无害
【佳句】　While the Sun’s rays can age and be harmful to our skin， they also give us beneficial vitamin D.
虽然太阳光线会使皮肤老化，对皮肤有害，但它们也给我们提供有益的维生素D。
【练透】　单句语法填空
①There is no harm in 　living　 （live） in that region for a long time.
②Staring at the screen is 　harmful　 （harm） to our eyes.
【写美】　一句多译
③有些男孩对玩电脑游戏太痴迷，这对他们的健康非常有害。
→Some boys are too crazy about playing computer games， 　which does/causes great harm to their health　.（harm，定语从句）
→Some boys are too crazy about playing computer games，　doing/causing great harm to their health　.（harm，分词短语作状语）
variety n.不同种类；变化，多样性；变种，变体
【教材原句】　The forest’s different levels support an unbelievable variety of wildlife.
雨林的不同层次使种类多到难以置信的野生动植物得以生存。
【用法】
（1）a variety of＝varieties of 各种各样的；不同种类的 （2）vary v. 变化；使多样化 vary from ...to ... 由……到……不等；在……和……之间变动 vary with ... 随……而变动 vary in ... 在……方面不同/变化 （3）various adj. 各种不同的；各种各样的
【佳句】　Throughout the event， I was struck by an incredible variety of plants that exist in the world.
在整个活动过程中，我被世界上存在的各种各样的植物所震撼。
【练透】　单句语法填空
①Opinions on this matter vary 　from　 person to person.
②They discussed 　various　 （vary） matters all over the world.
③As the world’s first national park， Yellowstone is famous for the 　variety　 （vary） of its wildlife.
【写美】　词汇升级
④Our team， apart from regular training， will join in various activities.
→Our team， apart from regular training， will join in 　a variety of/varieties of　 activities.
in turn 相应地，转而；依次，轮流
【教材原句】　These frogs， in turn， feed on insects which eat leaves and fruit.
相应地，这些青蛙以昆虫为食，而昆虫则吃树叶和水果。
【用法】
（1）in one’s turn 　接着；轮到某人 by turns 轮流；交替地（多用来强调某一时期反复发生的动作） it’s one’s turn to do sth　轮到某人做某事了 （2）take turns to do/in doing sth 　轮流做某事 （3）It turns/turned out that ... 结果……
【佳句】　Don’t be afraid of difficulties.They can help you accumulate experience， and experience can， in turn， broaden your horizons.
不要害怕困难。困难可以帮助你积累经验，经验转而又可以开阔你的视野。
【练透】　单句语法填空
①They had to take turns 　to look　 （look） after the patients.
②The two daughters looked after their sick mother 　by　 turns.
③I think it’s my turn 　to drive　 （drive） the kids to school this week.
④Now that we have finished the design， it is 　in　 their turn to construct.
【写美】　翻译句子
⑤当轮到我时，我激动得说不出话来。
　When it is in my turn， I am too excited to speak.　
break down 使分解（为），使变化（成）；出故障；垮掉；失败，破坏
【教材原句】　When a jaguar dies， a tiny army of microorganisms helps break down its body and return the nutrients to the earth.美洲豹死后，一小支微生物军队会助力其尸体的分解，让营养素重回土壤之中。
【用法】
break in　　　　 强行进入；打断（谈话），插嘴 break into 闯入，破门而入 break out （战争、火灾、疾病等）爆发，突然发生 break up 解散；结束；期终放假；破碎 break through 突破；冲破；克服，战胜 break away （from） 逃脱；脱离
【佳句】　To understand the grammar of the sentence，you must break it down into parts.
为了明白句子的语法，你必须把它分解成（几个）部分。
【练透】　用break的相关短语填空
①The business negotiation between the two sides 　broke down　 with no agreement reached.
②It is bad manners to 　break in　 when people are having conversation.
③I was still sleeping when the fire 　broke out　， and then it spread quickly.
④The little dog wanted to 　break away from　 its master but failed.
【写美】　翻译句子
⑤如果你继续像那样工作的话，迟早会累垮的。
　You will break down sooner or later if you go on working like that.　
due to 由于，因为（只能作表语）
【教材原句】　Over the past 50 years， about 17 per cent of the rainforest has disappeared due to human activities such as agriculture and cattle farming.
在过去的50年里，由于农耕和养牛等人类活动，约17%的雨林已经消失了。
【用法】
（1）due adj.　　　由于，因为；应付的，应得的；适当的；预期的，到期的 be due to do sth 预期/预定要做某事 be due to sb 应付给/应给予/应归于某人 （2）表示“由于”的词组还有： because of 因为（只能作状语） thanks to 因为；幸亏（只能作状语） owing to 因为，由于（既可作状语，也可作表语）
【佳句】　In the beginning， it was quite difficult for me to read the musical notes due to my poor memory.
刚开始的时候，由于我记忆力不好，我很难读懂音符。
【练透】　单句语法填空/完成句子
①Have they been paid the money that is due 　to　 them？
②The professor is due 　to make　 （make） a speech this Friday.
③He had intended to return today， but he postponed the journey 　due to the horrible weather　.
他本打算今天返回，但由于糟糕的天气，他延迟了旅程。
【写美】　翻译句子
④公共汽车本应下午五点到达的，但由于大雾，它晚了一个小时。
　The bus was due to arrive at 5 p.m.， but it arrived one hour late due to the heavy fog.　
damage vt.& n.损害，伤害，损坏，破坏
【教材原句】　As the impact of human activities continues to grow and the list of species in danger of extinction becomes longer， we are left with a question： can we afford to damage the “lungs of the planet”？
随着人类活动的影响不断增加，濒危物种的名单越来越长，这就留给我们一个问题：我们能承担得起损害“地球之肺”的后果吗？
【用法】
（1）be badly/seriously damaged 　　严重受损 be slightly damaged 轻微受损 （2）do/cause （great） damage to ...对……造成（很大的）损害 damage sb’s reputation/health 损害某人的名誉/健康 suffer damage 遭受损伤
【佳句】　The fire lasted over three weeks， causing a damage of at least twenty million dollars.
大火持续了三个多星期，造成至少两千万美元的损失。
【点津】　damage 指部分性“损坏，破坏”，一般可以修复；而destroy指彻底地“破坏，毁坏”，一般不能或很难修复。
【练透】　完成句子
①I have a very strong fear that the lie we’re telling 　is doing/causing damage to our children　.
我有一种强烈的恐惧：我们正在说的谎言会对我们的孩子造成伤害。
②Many people 　had their houses damaged　 in the earthquake.
许多人的房子在地震中遭受损坏。
③My mother is right： 　Don’t damage your health　 for a slim and attractive figure.
我妈妈说得对：不要为了苗条动人的身材而毁了自己的健康。
【写美】　翻译句子
④他不会做任何有可能损害她名誉的事情。
　He won’t do anything that may damage her reputation.　
Part Ⅱ　重点句型解构
句型公式：倍数表达法
【教材原句】　With an area of around 6 million square kilometres， the Amazon rainforest is more than half the size of China.
亚马孙雨林的面积约为600万平方千米，比中国国土面积的一半还要大。
【用法】
句中more than half the size of ...意为“比……一半还要大”，是一种倍数表达法。 （1）倍数表达法的常见结构： A＋be＋倍数＋ （2）此句型中倍数也可以用分数、百分数、half等其他程度状语来表达；表示“两倍”时用twice或double，三倍或三倍以上用“基数词＋times”表达。
【品悟】　This river is three times the length of that one.
这条河是那条河的三倍长。
The people present at the meeting today are twice/double than those of last time.
今天到会的人员比上次多两倍。
【写美】　完成句子/一句多译
①This bridge is 　five times the width of　 that one.
这座桥的宽度是那座桥的五倍。
②The red ruler is 　four times longer than　 the yellow one.
红色的尺子比黄色的长四倍。
③My school has expanded into a big one， which is 　three times as big as the previous one　.
我的学校已经扩建成了一所大学校，是以前的三倍大。
④The length of the road is 　double/twice what it was three years ago　.
这条路的长度是三年前的两倍。
⑤正在建的新体育馆将是操场的两倍大。
→The new stadium being built will be 　twice as big as　 the playground.（as）
→The new stadium being built will be 　twice the size of　 the playground.（size）
句型公式：“介词＋关系代词”引导的非限制性定语从句
【教材原句】　The Amazon River， from which the rainforest gets its name， is close to 6，400 kilometres in length — roughly 100 kilometres longer than the Yangtze River.
亚马孙雨林得名于亚马孙河，亚马孙河长接近6400千米，比长江还长约100千米。
【用法】
（1）“介词＋关系代词”引导的非限制性定语从句，修饰物时，关系代词用which，修饰人时用whom，在从句中作定语时用whose。 （2）“介词＋which/whom”既可引导非限制性定语从句，也可引导限制性定语从句。介词的确定要遵循以下原则： ①根据定语从句中动词或形容词等的某种习惯搭配来确定； ②根据与先行词搭配的具体意义来确定； ③根据所表达的意思来确定； ④表示“所有”关系或“整体中的一部分”时，通常用介词of。 （3）基本形式： ①“介词（短语）＋关系代词”（作状语）：关系代词只能用which或whom且不能省略，但可与关系副词互换； ②“介词＋关系代词＋名词”（作状语）：关系代词常用which 和whose； ③“名词/代词＋介词＋关系代词”（作主语）：可转化为“whose＋名词”结构； ④“数词/形容词最高级＋of＋关系代词”（作主语）：数词还可以被some、 many、 most、 each等不定代词替换。
【品悟】　Lily might possibly come， in which case I’ll ask her.莉莉可能会来，要是那样的话我就去问她。
【写美】　完成句子/句式升级
①This is the camera 　with which he often takes photos　.
这就是他经常用来拍照的相机。
②We had bought an new map， 　without which we would have lost our way　.
我们买了一张新地图，要是没有它我们就会迷路。
③I have about 10 books， 　half of which were written by Bing Xin　.
我大约有10本书，其中一半是冰心写的。
④He has ten cousins， 　the youngest of whom is very clever　.
他有十个表兄弟，最小的那个很聪明。
⑤I have actively attended English lectures， 　from which I have a good knowledge of　 British and American cultures.
我积极参加了英语讲座，从中我充分了解了英美文化。
⑥The activity， 　the aim of which is to raise our awareness　 of environmental protection，appeals to a mass of volunteers.
这个旨在提高我们的环境保护意识的活动吸引了很多志愿者。
⑦He has a lot of friends and most of them are businessmen.
→He has a lot of friends， 　most of whom are businessmen　.（定语从句）
维度一：品句填词
根据所给单词的首字母或汉语提示，写出单词的正确形式。
1.He has returned to South Africa from his long overseas　 trip.
2.The old ginkgo tree has survived for millions　 of years.
3.We divide into pairs and each pair takes a region　.
4.Many of the hairpins are different varieties　 of plastic flowers.
5.The storm caused some 　damage　 （损坏） to some houses， but they were not destroyed.
6.As is known to all， humans take in 　oxygen　 （氧气） and breathe out carbon dioxide.
7.Now that you have 　masses　 （大量） of work to do， you don’t have to help me with the housework.
8.The rare mountain grass is said to be in danger of 　extinction　 （灭绝） in the near future.
9.The young singer remains a 　towering　 （出色的） figure in rock and roll.
10.A good way to protect 　species　 （物种）is to let them go back to forests and live freely.
维度二：词形转换
用所给单词的正确形式填空。
1.The polluted water from the factory is， of course， 　harmful　 （harm）.
2.The local government has taken measures to prevent the rare animals from 　extinction　 （extinct）.
3.He died six weeks later of a 　massive　 （mass） heart attack.
4.The Garden’s menu is based on Hawaiian 　regional　 （region） cuisine.
5.The police are investigating the 　disappearance　 （disappear） of key files on the killers.
6.This country is a traditional 　agricultural　 （agriculture）society， with a majority of farming population.
7.Nature mainly refers to 　living　 （live）things， including plants and animals in the wild.
8.At that time， people were divided geographically， leading to 　varieties　 （vary） of dialects and characters.
9.My bedroom is four meters in 　length　 （long） and three meters in width.
10.The plane crashed in an area of dense jungle.There were no 　survivors　 （survive）.
维度三：固定搭配和句式
根据汉语及括号内提示完成下列句子。
1.由于有很多家庭作业要做，小男孩只好一整天都待在家里。（独立主格结构）
　Lots of homework to do　， the little boy had to stay at home all day.
2.这种塑料很难在短时间内分解。（break down）
This kind of plastic 　is difficult to break down　 in a short time.
3.他把地址弄错了，为此他向我们道歉。（“介词＋关系代词”引导的非限制性定语从句）
He got the address wrong， 　for which he apologised to us　.
4.山脚下坐落着一个小村庄。（完全倒装句）
At the foot of the mountain 　lies a small village　.
5.尽管学生们来自不同的国家，但是他们在夏令营相处得非常好。（while引导让步状语从句）
　While the students came from different countries　， they got on quite well in the summer camp.
6.在过去的五到十年里，这些住宿加早餐的地方在一些地方很受欢迎。 （“介词＋the past/last＋时间段”与现在完成时连用）
　In the past five to ten years　， these bed-and-breakfast places 　have become　 popular in some places.
维度四：课文语法填空
阅读课文内容，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
　　Covering more than half 1.　 the　 size of China， the Amazon rainforest， whose name 2.　 is got　 （get） from the Amazon River， plays a significant role in maintaining the fine balance of the Earth’s ecosystem.3.　With　 the richest biodiversity on the Earth， the Amazon rainforest’s different levels are home to various living things， 4.providing　 （provide） food and shelter for an unbelievable variety of wildlife.There are more than 1，300 species of birds and over 400 species of mammals 5.　living　 （live） in this forest.This jaguar is one example.When a jaguar dies， a tiny army of microorganisms helps break 6.　down　 its body and return the 7.　nutrients　 （nutrient） to the earth.Though 8.　 known　 （know） as the “lungs of the planet”， much of the Amazon rainforest is in danger of 9.　 disappearance/disappearing　 （disappear） and more species are dying out.We cannot afford 10.　 to damage　 （damage） the “lungs of the planet”.
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
　　Douglas Thron’s love for animals began when he was a little kid.After he grew up， Thron worked as a photographer for shows like Discovery Channel’s Shark Week， filming the great white sharks off the coast of Santa Cruz， California.But Thron says it was the Paradise fire in California in 2018 that pushed him to do animal rescue work.
　　At the time， Thron was filming a man who was rescuing cats after the fire using a special camera.The camera uses heat to look for the animals at night.Thron and the man talked about how wonderful it would be to put one on a drone （无人机） to search for animals more easily.He explains that flying a drone over a big disaster gives you a real feel for how serious the disaster is.He adds， “You definitely get inspired to drop everything to help as much as possible.The feeling I get when I rescue an animal is an unbelievable feeling， so it just keeps me going.”
　　The first animal Thron ever rescued was a dog after a hurricane happened， which destroyed hundreds of houses.Thron tested out flying a drone and found the dog in the middle of where hundreds of houses had been destroyed.“I flew the drone over and I found him.Nobody claimed him after 30 days so I adopted him， and he’s a super wonderful dog，” he says.
　　Thron adds that he’s been going non-stop since then.His TV show Doug to the Rescue shows some of his heart-warming animal rescues， including those after Hurricane Laura in Louisiana in 2020 and after fires in Northern California and Oregon.Thron also helped rescue koalas after the horrible fires ravaged parts of Australia and burned down a number of houses in 2020， using drones for the first time there to help locate so many animals.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。道格拉斯·索恩从小就热爱动物，长大后，他开始从事动物救援工作。
1.Why did Douglas Thron film the great white sharks before 2018？（　　）
A.He wanted to protect them. B.They were his favourite animals.
C.It was part of his work. D.He did so to get close to nature.
解析：C　细节理解题。根据第一段中After he grew up ...filming the great white sharks off the coast of Santa Cruz， California.可知，当时拍摄大白鲨是道格拉斯·索恩工作的一部分。
2.What is the key to finding an animal at night by using the special camera？（　　）
A.The animal’s size. B.The animal’s loud noise.
C.The animal’s living habit. D.The animal’s body temperature.
解析：D　细节理解题。根据第二段中The camera uses heat to look for the animals at night.可知，在晚上的时候，使用特殊的摄像机寻找动物靠的是它们散发出来的热量，所以动物的体温是夜晚救援工作的关键。
3.What can we know about the first animal that Douglas Thron ever rescued？（　　）
A.It’s now living with Thron.
B.It was claimed after being found.
C.Thron found it through its barks in ruins.
D.It’s helping Thron find other trapped animals.
解析：A　推理判断题。根据第三段中Nobody claimed him after 30 days so I adopted him， and he’s a super wonderful dog可知，索恩收养了他救助的第一只狗。由此推断，他们现在生活在一起。
4.What does the underlined word “ravaged” in the last paragraph probably mean？（　　）
A.Protected. B.Destroyed.
C.Changed. D.Improved.
解析：B　词义猜测题。根据画线词后的burned down a number of houses可推断，应是可怕的大火摧毁了澳大利亚部分地区，ravage意为“毁坏，破坏”，与destroy的意思最接近。
B
　　In the past 30 years， the non-profit organization Friends of Trees planted trees along the streets of Portland， Oregon.Now， a new study shows that each tree planted is connected with great reductions in non-accidental and cardiovascular （心血管的） death.
　　Evidence pointing to a connection between exposure to nature and less death is obvious.Between 1990 and 2020， Friends of Trees planted 49，246 street trees.The research team looked at the number of trees planted in a given area in the past 5， 10 or 15 years.They connected this information with death due to cardiovascular， respiratory （呼吸的） or non-accidental causes in that same area， using data from the Oregon Health Authority.The results showed that in neighbourhoods in which more trees had been planted， death rates were lower.This negative connection was significant for cardiovascular and non-accidental death rates， particularly for males and people over the age of 65.
　　Furthermore， the connection got stronger as trees aged and grew： The reduction in death rates connected with trees planted 11－15 years before was double that observed with trees planted in the past 1－5 years.This means that older trees are connected with larger decreases in death and that protecting existing grown trees may be particularly important for public health.
　　This study doesn’t provide a direct opinion about how trees improve health.However， the finding that large trees have a greater health effect than smaller ones is obvious， because larger trees are better at absorbing air pollution， adjusting temperatures， and reducing noise.
　　“We observed the effect both in green and less green neighbourhoods， which suggests street tree planting benefits both，” says Geoffrey H.Donovan， first author of the study.“Besides， the benefits of tree planting is greatly more valuable than the cost.Our results provide important evidence for clear interventions （e.g.planting trees） to increase the lifetime of urban people，” adds Donovan.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。在过去的三十年间，一个名为Friends of Trees的公益性组织种植了大量的行道树。一项新的研究表明，行道树与降低死亡率有关。
5.How long did Friends of Trees spend planting 49，246 street trees？（　　）
A.About 5 years. B.About 10 years.
C.About 15 years. D.About 30 years.
解析：D　细节理解题。根据第二段中Between 1990 and 2020， Friends of Trees planted 49，246 street trees.可知，Friends of Trees花了大约30年的时间种植了49246棵行道树。
6.What can we learn from the research？（　　）
A.Women gain no benefit from trees.
B.Trees can improve health in various ways.
C.Older trees contribute more to public health.
D.Trees grow well in green and less green communities.
解析：C　细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句和第四段第二句可知，树龄较长的树木对公众健康的贡献更大。
7.What does Donovan mean in the last paragraph？（　　）
A.We should get close to nature. B.We should protect older trees.
C.We should plant more street trees. D.We should join the Friends of Trees.
解析：C　推理判断题。根据最后一段多诺万所说的话可知，种行道树成了延长城市居民寿命的有效方法，所以多诺万提倡种更多的行道树。
8.How does the author mainly develop the topic of the text？（　　）
A.By listing numbers. B.By stating results.
C.By describing processes. D.By making comparisons.
解析：B　推理判断题。文章第一段介绍一项新的研究表明，每种植一棵树，就能大大减少非意外死亡和因心血管疾病死亡的人数；结合第二段第一句、第三段第一句和第四段内容可推知，作者主要是通过陈述研究结果来展开文章主题的。
C
　　On 1 April 2021， 24-year-old Jibin Madhu packed a bag with a few clothes and other necessities and left his home in search of a job.But he was certain that a full-time job would never work for him as he wanted to explore new things.So， he decided to spend many days at different destinations， work somewhere for not more than a month， earn money and travel to another place.
　　“For as long as I can remember， I’ve been into travelling.Nearby hills， rivers and tourist places were the destinations at first，” says Jibin， a hotel management graduate.“But when I became a teenager， an all-India trip was always my dream.”
　　When finding jobs at different locations became a task and his wallet felt lighter， Jibin decided to start a food stall （摊位） on his bike.He had a kerosene stove （煤油炉） and a few utensils （器具） along with some rice.He bought some more things to serve noodles， bread and tea to travellers on his way.The kitchen was set up on the bike’s top box where water and kerosene were stored.Everything felt simple as he had previous experience in a kitchen.
　　In some areas， there were hardly any food stalls.Jibin began his business in these places and it was an immediate success.He earned 500－600 rupees per day from his two-wheeler food stall.
　　“More than the income from the stall， it was due to the kindness of people that I set out on my dream journey.While some offered me work， others provided me with a space to sleep.A man from Assam even gifted me a tent， as mine was broken in the middle，” he says.
　　While usual riders cover hundreds of kilometres a day， Jibin finds a destination and stays there for a few days getting to know its people and culture.This also helps him find small jobs too.
　　Jibin has plans to visit foreign countries on his two-wheeler.He is preparing himself and his bike for this big journey now.“Whatever happens， I’ll have my kerosene stove and utensils ready， which gives me the confidence of reaching my destination，” he says.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了青年Jibin骑车环游印度的故事。
9.What might Jibin have been interested in at 24？（　　）
A.Having a cool bike. B.Finding a full-time job.
C.Making a cross-country journey. D.Graduating in hotel management.
解析：C　推理判断题。根据第一段可知，Jibin在24岁时决定边工作边旅行，结合第二段中的For as long as I can remember， I’ve been into travelling.和when I became a teenager， an all-India trip was always my dream可知，他在24岁时最可能对环游全国感兴趣。be into sth对某事物很有兴趣，非常喜欢某事物。
10.What can we learn about Jibin’s food stall？（　　）
A.It had little competition.
B.It sold packaged food.
C.It was set up for locals.
D.It made no money at first.
解析：A　细节理解题。根据第四段第一句可知，在一些地区，几乎没有食品摊，即Jibin几乎没有竞争对手，因此他的生意立即取得了成功。本段中的rupee是印度的货币单位“卢比”。
11.What really impressed Jibin？（　　）
A.The challenges he met.
B.The views along the way.
C.The friendliness of strangers.
D.The food from different places.
解析：C　推理判断题。根据第五段中Jibin所说的话可知，虽然食品摊的收入还可以，但更重要的是人们的友善才使得他踏上了梦想之旅。由此可推知，沿途陌生人的友善给他留下了深刻的印象。
12.What is the difference between Jibin and usual riders？（　　）
A.He makes no preparations before a ride.
B.He prefers experiencing local customs.
C.He changes destinations halfway through.
D.He likes riding without stops for a long time.
解析：B　细节理解题。根据倒数第二段第一句可知，通常的骑手每天要骑行几百公里，而Jibin找到一个目的地，就在那里待上几天，了解那里的人和文化，即Jibin更喜欢感受各地的风俗而不是长时间骑车。
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
Stop Bagging Leaves！
　　Many animals depend on fallen leaves to survive.Although not directly related to leaves， a study shows North America has already lost 3 billion birds since 1970.13.（　　） Bagging leaves may cause birds to die.
　　Fallen leaves are nature’s way of renewing itself.14.（　　） Without the nutrients from decomposing （腐烂的） leaves， the grass in your garden requires chemical fertilizer （肥料）， which will run off into water sources and harm the environment.
　　When leaves are blown into the street， they flow down drains （下水道） and into rivers and streams.These water sources become blocked， and eventually， back up into streets.It will influence water quality in rivers and streams.15.（　　）
　　When leaves are bagged and sent to the landfill （废物填埋场）， they produce a greenhouse gas called methane （甲烷）， which will worsen the climate change problem.It’s important to note， however， that bagging leaves is not the problem — it’s what we do with the leaves that make the difference.
　　16.（　　） Cut the leaves into smaller pieces， allowing them to break down faster.Mix them into garden beds.If leaves are allowed to decompose and return to the soil， it can reduce the need for chemical fertilizer.
　　Try to practice environmentally friendly habits.Just by not bagging leaves， we can protect the natural habitats of lots of animals.17.（　　）
A.You may forget to bag them.
B.Birds feed on insects that live in fallen leaves.
C.It will also harm animals that depend on the water sources.
D.It won’t allow sunlight to reach the ground， and the grass will die.
E.And it will cut down on all that time spent filling and pulling bags！
F.Leaves provide nutrients that enrich the soil for growing plants in spring.
G.Experts have suggested some ways to maintain your yard， without bagging leaves.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。落叶是大自然自我更新的方式，为了保护环境，请不要随意把院子里的落叶装进袋子。
13.B　上文提到许多动物依靠落叶生存，下文提到把落叶装进袋子的行为可能会导致鸟类死亡，设空处应该与鸟类生存和落叶之间的关系有关。B项（鸟类以生活在落叶中的昆虫为食）与下文内容形成因果关系。bag此处作动词，意为“把……装进袋子”。
14.F　根据语境可知，设空处起承上启下作用，既解释落叶如何让大自然进行自我更新，又引出下文提到的没有落叶的后果。F项（落叶为春天生长的植物所需的土壤提供了养分）中的nutrients与下文中的nutrients为原词复现。
15.C　上文提到落叶会堵塞河流，影响水源的水质，C项与上句It will influence water quality in rivers and streams.形成并列关系，解释了落叶带来的负面影响，其中water sources呼应上文中的rivers and streams，It与上句中的It均指代上文提到的“水源被堵塞最终回流到街道”这一情况。
16.G　根据上文内容可知，作者认为把落叶装进袋子并不是问题，重要的是我们如何处理落叶；下文提到处理落叶的方法：切碎树叶让其快速分解、把树叶混入到花圃中。由此推断，本段旨在介绍不把落叶装进袋子也可以维持花园干净的方法，G项中的bagging leaves呼应上文中的bagging leaves。
17.E　作者在本段呼吁大家养成环保的习惯，并指出不把落叶装进袋子带来的好处。E项与上文中的protect the natural habitats of lots of animals形成并列关系，其中的bags呼应上文中的bagging。
1 / 18Section Ⅳ　Extended reading & Project & Assessment
News that Matters①： pollution in Norgate
　　HOST：Good evening and welcome to News that Matters.Our topic today is pollution in Norgate.[1]Joining us in the studio tonight are James Smith， a local resident②； Vincent Brown， senior manager of a local factory； and Julie Archer， chief③ of the Norgate Environmental Protection Committee④. Welcome.
　　Norgate’s rapid development has had significant environmental costs⑤.Mr Smith， you’ve lived in this city for over 20 years.How would you describe the effects of pollution over that time？
　　SMITH：It’s been awful， really.When I first moved here， the air was fresh， the grass green and the water clear.Then heavy industry factories moved in， and things became entirely⑥ different.I don’t enjoy outdoor activities any more.The river is dirty and smelly.The smog⑦ in the air has coloured the sky a smoky grey； [2]it’s also given me a cough that I can’t get rid of⑧.For health and safety reasons alone， heavy industry has to go.
　　[1]该句主语较长，为了使句子平衡，将表语前置，使用完全倒装结构。a local resident， senior manager of a local factory， chief of the Norgate Environmental Protection Committee分别作各自前面人名的同位语。
　　[2]句中that引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词a cough，that在从句中作宾语。
　　HOST：Mr Smith protested⑨ against heavy industry.Mr Brown， would you like to respond？
　　BROWN：Well， I’m sorry you feel that way， Mr Smith.People tend to connect factories with pictures of clouds of dirty smoke and irresponsible⑩ businessmen eager to make huge profits .[3]In defence of the factories， however， I’d like to point out that we also try to control the amount of pollution we produce.I think I speak for all factory managers when I say we’re deeply concerned about the environment.[4]We’ve been taking various measures， including the use of new technologies， to reduce pollution in the production process ， even though these measures raise our production costs.I’d also like to draw your attention to the economic benefits factories have brought to Norgate.We’ve created many jobs for local residents and helped the city’s economy grow.
　　[3]that引导宾语从句，作动词短语point out的宾语；we produce是省略了关系代词that或which的限制性定语从句，修饰先行词pollution。
　　[4]该句主句使用了现在完成进行时。动词不定式短语to reduce pollution in the production process作目的状语。even though引导让步状语从句。
　　HOST：Thank you， Mr Brown.[5]With pollution levels on the rise， the Norgate Environmental Protection Committee is searching for ways to fight the problem.Mrs Archer， what are your thoughts on how to deal with pollution？
　　ARCHER：Well， our committee has a major role to play in maintaining air and water quality.We have to achieve a balance between environmental protection and economic development.We’ve made environmental policies for businesses to observe， like strict clean-up requirements.We also work hand in hand with other branches of government to ensure that development strategies are followed in an environmentally friendly way.[6]However， fighting pollution isn’t just a task for factories and the government. It has to be a community-wide effort， and everyone can help by following the golden rule： reduce， reuse and recycle .For example， you can save energy by taking the bus or the subway ， or using the bike-sharing system .
　　[5]With复合结构在句中作状语，其结构为“with＋名词＋介词短语”。
　　[6]句中动词-ing形式短语fighting pollution作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。
　　HOST：Thank you， Mrs Archer， and thanks again to all of our guests.A former UN official once said， “Saving our planet， lifting people out of poverty ， advancing economic growth ...these are one and the same fight.” The fortunes of our environment and our economy are inseparable.[7] It’s our duty to protect the environment while we aim for economic development.[8]It’s our duty to leave a better， cleaner and healthier planet to our children.[9]It’s our duty to build a human community with a shared future .
　　[7][8][9]三句均为“It is＋名词＋to do sth”句型，连在一起构成排比句式，加强语气；It是形式主语，动词不定式短语作真正的主语。句[7]中的while引导时间状语从句。
【读文清障】
①News that Matters 《焦点新闻》
②resident n.居民，住户
a local resident 一位当地居民
③chief n.首领，最高领导人 adj.主要的；首席的
④committee n.委员会
the Norgate Environmental Protection Committee 诺盖特环境保护委员会
⑤cost n.费用，花费；成本
[生义] n.努力，代价，损失
⑥entirely adv.完全地，全部地，完整地
entire adj.完全的，全部的，完整的
⑦smog n.雾霾，烟雾
　[助记]缩合构词法：smoke＋fog→smog雾霾，烟雾；breakfast＋lunch→brunch早午餐；motor＋hotel→motel汽车旅馆
⑧get rid of 摆脱，丢弃，扔掉
　get rid of smoking 戒烟
⑨protest vi.反对，抗议 vt.反对；坚持声称，申辩 n.抗议，反对
　protest against 反对
⑩irresponsible adj.不负责任的
　responsible adj.负责任的
profit n.利润，收益；好处
　vi.& vt.获益，得到好处
　make huge profits 获取巨大利润
defence n.辩护；防御，保护；防御物；国防；防守
　in defence of 为……作解释或辩护
various adj.各种不同的，各种各样的
　take various measures 采取各种措施
process n.过程，进程；步骤，流程 vt.加工，处理
　in the production process 在生产过程中
economic adj.经济的，经济上的；可赚钱的
　economic benefits 经济效益
　economic growth/development 　经济增长/发展
　economy n.经济；节约
policy n.政策，方针；原则
　make policies for 为……制定政策
branch n.（政府或机构）部门；分部；树枝；支流；分支
strategy n.策略，行动计划；策划，部署
　development strategies 发展策略
environmentally friendly adj.环保的，环境友好的
recycle vt.回收利用，再利用
subway n.地铁；地下人行道
　take the subway 乘地铁
the bike-sharing system 共享单车系统
former adj.昔日的，前任的；以前的，从前的
official n.官员，要员 adj.公务的；正式的，官方的
　a former UN official 一位联合国前官员
poverty n.贫穷，贫困；贫乏
　lift people out of poverty 使人们摆脱贫困
　live in poverty 生活在贫困之中
advance economic growth 促进经济增长
one and the same 意为“同一个（人或物）”，表示强调
a human community with a shared future 人类命运共同体
【参考译文】
《焦点新闻》：诺盖特市的污染
　　主持人：晚上好，欢迎收看《焦点新闻》。我们今天的话题是诺盖特市的污染。今晚来到我们演播室的有本地居民詹姆斯·史密斯、本地一家工厂的高管文森特·布朗，还有诺盖特环境保护委员会的负责人朱莉·阿彻。欢迎你们。
　　诺盖特市的高速发展付出了高昂的环境代价。史密斯先生，您已经在这座城市生活了二十多年。您能说说这二十年间污染造成的影响吗？
　　史密斯：非常糟糕，真的。我刚搬来时，这里空气清新、草绿水清。后来重工业工厂迁来了，情况变得截然不同了。我再也不喜欢户外活动了。河水又脏又臭。空气中的雾霾把天空染成了烟灰色，还让我患上了咳嗽， 老是不好。单是出于健康和安全的原因，重工业也必须迁走。
　　主持人：史密斯先生反对重工业。布朗先生，您想作出回应吗？
　　布朗：好吧，对于您那样的感受我很抱歉，史密斯先生。一提到工厂，人们总是将其与浓烟滚滚的画面和急于牟取暴利、不负责任的商人形象联系在一起。不过，为工厂说句公道话，我想指出的是我们也在努力控制所产生的污染量。我们对环境问题深感担忧。我想，我是代表所有的工厂负责人说的这句话。我们一直在采取各种各样的措施，包括新科技手段的运用，来减少生产过程中产生的污染，尽管这些措施会增加我们的生产成本。我还希望您能注意到，这些工厂给诺盖特市带来的经济效益。我们为当地居民创造了许多就业岗位，并对这座城市的经济增长起到了助推作用。
　　主持人：谢谢您，布朗先生。鉴于污染程度不断加重，诺盖特环境保护委员会正在设法应对这个问题。阿彻女士，您对如何处理污染问题有何见解？
　　阿彻：是的，我们委员会在维护空气质量和水质量方面发挥着重要作用。我们必须在环境保护与经济发展之间求得平衡。我们已经制定了供各行业遵守的环境政策，比如严格的净化要求。我们也与其他政府部门携手，确保以一种环境友好的方式贯彻发展战略。然而，与污染作斗争不仅仅是工厂与政府的任务，全社会必须共同努力，每个人都遵循减少使用、重复使用、循环利用的指导原则，就能尽一份力。打个比方，您可以乘坐公交车、地铁，或者使用共享单车来节约能源。
　　主持人：谢谢您，阿彻女士，再次感谢我们所有的嘉宾。一位联合国前官员曾经说过：“拯救地球，使人们摆脱贫困，促进经济增长……这些就是同一场战斗。”我们的环境与经济的命运休戚与共。在追求经济发展的同时保护环境，这是我们的责任。将一个更美好、更清洁、更健康的星球留给我们的后人，这是我们的责任。构建人类命运共同体，这是我们的责任。
第一步：析架构，理文本脉络
Read the passage quickly and fill in the blanks with suitable words.
　　News that Matters： pollution in Norgate
第二步：精读文，达明察秋毫
Read the passage carefully and choose the best answer.
1.What is News that Matters？（　　）
A.A magazine.　　　 B.A TV program.
C.An organization. D.A newspaper.
2.How was the environment more than twenty years ago？（　　）
A.Terrible. B.The same.
C.Excellent. D.Just so so.
3.What is the opinion of Vincent Brown？（　　）
A.Heavy industry should be moved out of the city.
B.The pollution is connected with factories.
C.Factories have done enough to protect the environment.
D.Fighting pollution is a task for all citizens.
4.What is the Norgate Environmental Protection Committee doing to solve the problem？（　　）
A.It tries to close all the factories to reduce pollution.
B.It believes factories and the government can solve the problem.
C.It insists a single person makes few contributions to the environment.
D.It is trying to balance economic development and environmental protection.
5.What can we infer from the passage？（　　）
A.Economy is the most important.
B.Environment and economy are separable.
C.All the people are not responsible for the environment.
D.We should not develop our economy at the cost of environment.
6.Which of the following is good for the environment？（　　）
A.Going to work by bus.
B.Driving private cars to work.
C.Buying as many new clothes as possible.
D.Throwing away old things when you don’t use them.
答案：1－6　BCCDDA
第三步：通词句，学语言表达
1.词汇学习——循规律，记单词
（1）形容词后缀-ous表示“具有……性质的，充满……的”
①variety→various adj.各种不同的，各种各样的
②caution→cautious adj.小心的；谨慎的
③envy→envious adj.羡慕的；忌妒的
④ambition→ambitious adj.有野心的；有雄心的；有志向的
⑤mystery→mysterious adj.神秘的；奇怪的
⑥religion→religious adj.宗教信仰的；宗教的
⑦fame→famous adj.著名的；出名的
（2）形容词后缀-ing表示“令人……的；具有……性质的”。
①live→living adj.活着的，活的；在使用的
②challenge→challenging adj.具有挑战性的
③freeze→freezing adj.严寒的，冰冻的
④touch→touching adj.动人的，感人的
⑤puzzle→puzzling adj.令人困惑不解的
⑥frighten→frightening adj.令人恐惧的
⑦convince→convincing adj.令人信服的
⑧astonish→astonishing adj.令人惊讶的
2.美句欣赏——赏佳句，品用法
（1）环境描写能够渲染气氛、烘托人物形象、渲染人物心理、推动故事情节发展、揭示或深化作品主题。
请从课文中找出有关环境描写的句子。
　When I first moved here， the air was fresh， the grass green and the water clear.Then heavy industry factories moved in， and things became entirely different.I don’t enjoy outdoor activities any more.The river is dirty and smelly.The smog in the air has coloured the sky a smoky grey ...　
（2）排比句是把三个或三个以上句法结构相同或相似，意义相关的短语、句子或段落成串地排列在一起的修辞手法。
请从课文中找出一处排比句。
　It’s our duty to protect the environment while we aim for economic development.It’s our duty to leave a better， cleaner and healthier planet to our children.It’s our duty to build a human community with a shared future.　
Part Ⅰ　核心词汇集释
get rid of 摆脱，丢弃，扔掉（强调动作）
【教材原句】　The smog in the air has coloured the sky a smoky grey； it’s also given me a cough that I can’t get rid of.空气中的雾霾把天空染成了烟灰色，还让我患上了咳嗽，老是不好。
【用法】
（1）be rid of 　 摆脱（强调状态） （2）rid vt.（rid， rid） 从……中除去（不喜欢的东西）；清除，免除；使（从……中）解放出来 rid sb/sth of ... 使某人/某物摆脱…… rid oneself of ... 摆脱……；从……中解脱
【佳句】　We got rid of the unnecessary items so as to make room for a study.我们扔掉了许多不需要的物品以便腾出地方作书房。
【练透】　单句语法填空
①Maybe we should rid 　ourselves　 （we） of modern technology and return to simpler times.
②Dr Yuan devoted himself to ridding the world 　of　 starvation.
【写美】　完成句子
③He attached himself to me at yesterday’s party and I 　couldn’t get rid of him　.
在昨天的聚会上他老是缠着我，我简直无法摆脱他。
defence n.辩护；防御，保护；防御物；国防；防守
【教材原句】　In defence of the factories， however， I’d like to point out that we also try to control the amount of pollution we produce.不过，为工厂说句公道话，我想指出的是我们也在努力控制所产生的污染量。
【用法】
（1）in defence 　　保卫；防守 in defence of 为了保卫；（为……）辩护 in one’s defence 为某人辩护；站在某人一边 （2）defend vt. 保卫；防守；辩解 defend ...against/from （doing ...） 保护……免受…… defend oneself 自卫；为自己辩护 （3）defensive adj. 防御的；保护的；保卫的
【佳句】　The woman rushed there without hesitation in defence of her children.
为了保护她的孩子们，这个妇女毫不犹豫地冲了过去。
【练透】　单句语法填空
①All our officers are trained to defend themselves 　against　 knife attacks.
②When a dog attacked me， I defended 　myself　 （I） with a stick.
③When I was in danger， he came to my 　defence　 （defend）.
④The monument is in memory of the soldiers who died 　in　 defence of their country.
【写美】　完成句子
⑤The wall was built to 　defend the road from being washed away by the sea　.
建造这道墙是为了保护这条路不被海水冲垮。
consequence n.结果，后果；重要性
【教材原句】　Consequences 后果
【用法】
（1）in consequence＝as a consequence （＝as a result） 　　 因此；结果 in consequence of＝as a consequence of （＝as a result of） 由于，作为……的结果 serious consequences 严重的后果 suffer/face/take the consequences面对/承担后果 （2）consequent adj. 作为结果的；随之发生的 consequently adv. 结果；因此
【佳句】　I prefer him to tell the truth no matter the consequences.我想让他说出真相，无论结果如何。
【练透】　单句语法填空
①A severe earthquake struck the city， causing a 　consequent　 （consequence） shortage of food.
②My car broke down and 　consequently　 （consequent） I was late for the important meeting.
【写美】　完成句子
③Finally， the young man broke down 　in consequence of/as a consequence of/as a result of　 great stress.
因为压力太大，最后那个年轻人垮掉了。
give rise to 使发生（或存在）；导致
【教材原句】　For example， in many parts of the world， the poor quality of the local drinking water gives rise to public health problems.
例如，在世界的许多地方，当地饮用水的质量低劣导致了公共卫生问题。
【用法】
（1）give rise to＝lead to＝bring about＝contribute to　　导致 （2）give thought to 认真考虑，思考 give advice to 提供建议 give birth to 产生；分娩；引发；造成 give way to 让步；屈服 give off 放出（热、光、气味或气体） give up 放弃；投降
【佳句】　Eating too much sugar can give rise to health problems.吃太多的糖会引起健康问题。
【练透】　用give的相关短语填空
①He was 　giving thought to　 what to do next.
②Actually for this kind of matter， I would not 　give advice to　 anyone.
③The drug is well tolerated and generally does not 　give rise to serious side effects.
【写美】　同义词替换
④The novel’s success contributed to a number of fans and profits.
→The novel’s success 　gave rise to/led to/brought about　 a number of fans and profits.
Part Ⅱ　重点句型解构
句型公式：完全倒装
【教材原句】　Joining us in the studio tonight are James Smith， a local resident；Vincent Brown， senior manager of a local factory； and Julie Archer， chief of the Norgate Environmental Protection Committee.今晚来到我们演播室的有本地居民詹姆斯·史密斯、本地一家工厂的高管文森特·布朗，还有诺盖特环境保护委员会的负责人朱莉·阿彻。
【用法】
全部谓语置于主语之前，称为完全倒装。本句中作表语的动词-ing形式短语Joining us in the studio tonight置于句首，使用了完全倒装。下列情况要使用完全倒装结构： （1）表语＋连系动词＋主语（表语为形容词、介词短语、动词-ing形式、过去分词等）。 （2）表示时间（now、 then等）、方向或方位的副词（here、 there、 up、 down、 in、 out、 away、 off、 inside、 outside等），以及表示地点的介词短语置于句首，且主语为名词时，句子要用完全倒装。 （3）“There＋be/stand/live/exist/lie/remain/ ...＋主语”也属于完全倒装结构。
【品悟】　Standing on the top of the mountain is an ancient building dating back hundreds of years.
山顶上矗立着一座始建于几百年前的古建筑。
【写美】　完成句子/句式升级
①　Then came the news that　 he was admitted into a key university.
接着传来了他被一所重点大学录取的消息。
②Once upon a time 　there lived a man　 known by the name of Yugong.
从前，那里住着一位知名的老人名叫愚公。
③The door opened and 　in rushed a little dog　 with white dots and Polly.
门开了，波莉和一只长着白色斑点的小狗冲了进来。
④Our library lies in the centre of our school.Our library is between the garden and the teaching building.
→In the centre of our school 　lies our library， which is between the garden and the teaching building　.（完全倒装；非限制性定语从句）
句型公式：with复合结构
【教材原句】　With pollution levels on the rise， the Norgate Environmental Protection Committee is searching for ways to fight the problem.鉴于污染程度不断加重，诺盖特环境保护委员会正在设法应对这个问题。
【用法】
句中With pollution levels on the rise为with复合结构，在句中作伴随状语。with复合结构作状语还可以表示原因、条件等。此外，此结构还可作后置定语。with复合结构的具体构成： with＋宾语＋
【品悟】　The boy rushed into the room， with his face covered with sweat.那个男孩满脸是汗，冲进屋来。
The fish righted himself and swam off again slowly with the great tail weaving in the air.
鱼挺直了身子，大尾巴在空中摇摆着，又慢慢地游走了。
【写美】　完成句子/句式升级
①In summer， she usually sleeps 　with the windows open　.
在夏天，她通常开着窗户睡觉。
②　With the books he needed bought　， he left the bookstore happily.
买了他需要的书，他快乐地离开了书店。
③The family live in a house 　with many flowers around it　.
那家人住在一所周围有很多花的房子里。
④　With so many essays to write　，he won’t have time to go shopping this evening.
有那么多文章要写，他今天晚上没有时间去购物。
⑤As the exam approaches，the girl was a little nervous.
→　With the exam approaching　， the girl was a little nervous.（with复合结构）
维度一：品句填词
根据所给单词的首字母或汉语提示，写出单词的正确形式。
1.I happened to meet my former　 English teacher this morning， who I hadn’t seen for years.
2.Sometimes， we should focus more on the process　 and less on the result.
3.She is going to recycle　 useful rubbish to protect the environment.
4.Both sides consider it desirable to further　 the understanding between the two peoples.
5.His whole life is a fight against 　poverty　 （贫穷） and unemployment.
6.There exists a wide range of different opinions among the 　committee　 （委员会） members.
7.The pollution caused by cars in some cities leads to 　smog　 （雾霾） and acid rain.
8.The local 　residents　 （居民） were angry at the lack of parking spaces.
维度二：词形转换
用所给单词的正确形式填空。
1.The twin sisters are 　entirely　 （entire） different in character.
2.The British once fought against 　pollution　 （pollute） for more than fifty years and finally succeeded.
3.Due to the ruling of Spain in history， Spanish is the 　official　 （office） language of Peru.
4.If she had been aware that the mushroom was 　poisonous　 （poison）， she would not have picked it back.
5.As a 　consequence　 （consequent） of oversleeping this morning， I was late for school.
6.The production of coffee beans is a huge and 　profitable　（profit） business， but full-sun production is taking over the industry and bringing about a lot of damage.
维度三：固定搭配和句式
根据汉语及括号内提示完成下列句子。
1.为了给钢琴腾出地方，他们把一张旧桌子丢弃了。（get rid of）
In order to make room for the piano， they 　got rid of the old desk　.
2.一个穿着白色裙子的姑娘进来了，梳着两条长辫子。（完全倒装）
　In came a girl　 wearing a white skirt， with two long pigtails.
3.我爷爷尽管已经九十多岁了，仍然时不时地打打网球。 （even though引导让步状语从句）
My grandfather still plays tennis now and then， 　even though he’s in his nineties　.
维度四：课文语法填空
阅读课文内容，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
　　There is an interview about the pollution in Norgate.James Smith， a local resident， has experienced the effects of pollution 1.　in　 person.Because of the bad air， he doesn’t enjoy outdoor activities and can’t get rid 2.　of　 a terrible cough.So he thinks heavy industry is 3.　 to　 blame.
　　However， Vincent Brown says 4.　in　 defence of the factories that they are also concerned about the environment.They have been taking 5.　various　 （vary） measures to reduce pollution.
　　The Norgate Environmental Protection Committee is trying to achieve a balance between environmental protection and 6.　economic　 （economy） development.It believes 7.　fighting　 （fight） pollution is a community-wide effort 8.　in　 which everyone should join.
　　In a word， environment and economy are 9.　inseparable　 （separate）.It’s everyone’s duty to protect the environment while 10.　aiming　 （aim） for economic development.
Ⅰ.阅读理解
　　Erhai Lake is the second largest freshwater lake in Dali City， Yunnan Province.It’s a famous attraction， as well as Dali’s main source of drinking water.
　　The lake used to be seriously polluted due to the rapid development of tourism and the local economy.In 2019， the local authorities began to build environmental protection system for the lake — the Erhai Lake Ecological Corridor — to protect it from being polluted and to restore its natural ecosystem.
　　The project contains five parts： a 129km road encircling the entire lake， a pipe system to stop wastewater flowing into the lake， the relocation of 1，806 households who lived within the protection area of the lake， the restoration of the lake’s wetlands and ecosystem， and the construction of experimental fields for wetland-restoration research.
　　By the end of 2020， the road encircling the lake had been basically completed.A 12km section of the corridor has been open to the public for free since September 2020 for a test operation.The project， which is a public-private partnership， has a total investment of 9.8 billion yuan.Local authorities of Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture and Dali City are the main sources of public funds.The corridor is described as a “pearl necklace” surrounding the lake， with the villages located along the shore of Erhai Lake being the “pearls”.These villages will benefit from the project economically， as they will be linked and gain access to enhanced transportation and tourism around the lake.
　　According to staff members of the project， the lake’s water quality has already improved a lot during the construction of the corridor.More migratory birds （候鸟） fly to the lake and there is less algae （海藻） in the water.It also provides a good place to exercise and go sightseeing for both the city’s residents and tourists.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了洱海生态廊道工程。
1.Why was the Erhai Lake Ecological Corridor built？（　　）
A.To treat wastewater. B.To protect wildlife.
C.To attract more tourists. D.To preserve local ecology.
解析：D　细节理解题。根据第二段第二句可知，建立洱海生态廊道的目的是保护洱海，修复自然生态系统。
2.Which of the following is involved in the project？（　　）
A.Removing wastewater from Erhai Lake.
B.Encouraging residents to settle around Erhai.
C.Conducting research into wetland restoration.
D.Promoting construction in the protection area.
解析：C　细节理解题。根据第三段内容可知，C项（开展湿地恢复研究）包含在该项目中。
3.What do we know about the “pearls” from Paragraph 4？（　　）
A.They focus on the pearl industry.
B.They provide tourism opportunities.
C.They bring benefits to the Erhai Lake.
D.They profit from the Erhai Lake Ecological Corridor.
解析：D　细节理解题。根据第四段最后两句可知，“珍珠”指的是洱海沿岸的村庄，这些村庄因该项目获得了更好的交通条件以及发展旅游业的机会，因此这些村庄受益于该项目。
4.What do staff members think of the project？（　　）
A.It needs improving.
B.It works unexpectedly.
C.It turns out to be good.
D.It has advantages and disadvantages.
解析：C　观点态度题。根据最后一段可知，在廊道的建设过程中，洱海的水质及生态都有了提升，同时，廊道也成为当地居民以及外地游客进行锻炼、观光的好去处。由此推知，工作人员认为该项目被证明很好。
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
　　5.（　　） They create carbon dioxide and shade.They provide shelter to animals and insects.The wood they provide is used for buildings and other products we humans use and need.
　　Trees are so important that some people have made it their goal to protect them.We can call these people “tree hugger”.It describes people who support the protection of forests.Today， the term “tree hugger” describes a person who is an environmentalist.6.（　　） For example， someone who wants to save a rare butterfly species or cut greenhouse gases could also be described as a tree hugger.
　　However， calling someone a “tree hugger” is not always seen as a praise.7.（　　） “Tree hugger” described someone who was overly concerned about protecting trees， animals and other parts of the natural world.
　　Some tree huggers do go to extremes to protect trees.Take， for example， an American woman named Julia Lorraine Hill.For 738 days from 10 December 1997 to 18 December 1999， Hill lived in Luna， a Redwood tree in northern California’s Humboldt County.Luna is huge， measuring nearly 61 meters tall and about 12 meters across， which has stood in Humboldt County for more than 1，000 years.8.（　　） So， Hill did what any extreme tree hugger would — she moved in！ As the website explains， Hill’s main goal was “to bring international attention to the importance of protecting and restoring natural resources”.So， we can safely call Hill a tree hugger.9.（　　）
A.Trees give so much to the world.
B.Human beings should all protect trees.
C.In earlier times， in fact， it was used as an insult （辱骂）.
D.And I’m sure that she would consider that the highest of praises.
E.They want to protect nature and the environment — but not just the trees.
F.Nowadays， the environmental problems are more serious than in the history.
G.But that did not stop the Pacific Lumber Company from wanting to cut it down.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了支持保护森林的人——树木拥抱者，即我们今天的环保主义者。
5.A　空处位于句首，应是主旨句，根据空后内容可知，本段主要讲的是树木的好处，所填句应总述树木对于世界的好处。A项（树给了世界很多）概括全段，符合语境。
6.E　空前主要介绍树木拥抱者，空后举例说明tree hugger保护的不仅仅是树木，还有其他动植物和环境。所填句承上启下，E项（他们的保护对象不仅仅是树木，还有自然与环境）符合语境。E项中的They指代的就是上文提到的tree hugger。
7.C　根据空前一句可知，树木拥抱者最初并不是一个褒义词，根据空后一句可知，树木拥抱者指的是那些过分保护环境的人。所填句承上启下，讲的应是人们最初对于树木拥抱者的错误认识，C项符合语境。C项中的it指代的是上文提到的Tree hugger这一称呼。
8.G　空前举例讲述一些环保主义者的极端做法，空后一句讲的是希尔的极端做法。所填句承上启下，讲的应是导致希尔作出这一极端举动的原因。G项（但这并没有阻止太平洋木材公司想要砍伐它）符合语境，其中的that指代上文的For 738 days from 10 December 1997 to 18 December 1999， Hill lived in Luna这个事实。
9.D　空前As the website explains ...we can safely call Hill a tree hugger.讲的是社会对于希尔极端保护行为的看法，空处位于段末，应是对上文的总结。D项（我相信她会认为这是最高的赞扬）总结全段，符合语境。
Ⅲ.完形填空
　　No matter how big or small， there are just some moments when we could use a little grace.Fourth-grade teacher Rachel Harder recognizes this， and she found an 　10　 way to help out both her students and their 　11　.
　　Rachel had a 　12　 with autism （自闭症） who often had tough days.To 　13　 her， Rachel told the student’s mom to 　14　 text her “handle with care” to let her 　15　 when it was going to be one of those days.
　　“When she would 　16　 me， I knew that her daughter needed some extra time and a 　17　 location， not the gym for morning announcements， 　18　 the rest of her day went smoothly，” Rachel said.
　　The simple method was such a 　19　 that Rachel decided to send all of her students home with a note for their parents.It explained what the “Handle with Care” system was and how they could 　20　 it.In no time， parents began to show their appreciation for Rachel’s wonderful act of 　21　.
　　Word of the amazing system spread， and teachers across the country began giving it a 　22　 in their own classrooms.The feedback has been extremely positive！
　　Even though teachers can sometimes 　23　 when a student is having a tough day just by the way they’re acting， Rachel said these simple texts 　24　 educators to make small changes in advance that， in turn， make the whole day better for everyone.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。一位老师想出一种简单的方法来帮助学生更好地度过一天。
10.A.affordable B.indirect
C.amazing D.interesting
解析：C　根据下文内容可知，Rachel老师找到了一种极好的方法来帮助她的学生及其家人，即让学生家长给她发送一条三个词的短信。第五段中的amazing system和第四段中的their parents分别是提示。
11.A.friends B.families
C.partners D.neighbours
解析：B　参见上题解析。
12.A.daughter B.workmate
C.sister D.student
解析：D　下句中的the student’s mom提示本空选择student，属于原词复现。
13.A.support B.satisfy
C.control D.comfort
解析：A　根据后半句Rachel told the student’s mom ...one of those days可知，Rachel让学生家长给她发短信是为了更好地帮助这个患有自闭症的学生。
14.A.separately B.seriously
C.simply D.secretly
解析：C　根据空后的“handle with care”可知，学生的母亲只需要简单地给Rachel发送一条三个词的短信就可以了。第四段首句中的simple method也是提示。text作动词，意为“（用手机给某人）发短信”。
15.A.guess B.know
C.decide D.remember
解析：B　根据空前的text her “handle with care”可知，Rachel让学生家长给她发短信，好让她了解这个学生哪天状态不好，这样才能帮助该学生。下段首句中的knew也是提示。
16.A.text B.call
C.trust D.choose
解析：A　上段中的text her提示本空选text，属于原词复现。
17.A.quiet B.safe
C.familiar D.central
解析：A　根据空后的not the gym for morning announcements可知，该学生需要的是一个安静的地方。
18.A.as if B.even if
C.now that D.so that
解析：D　根据语境可知，句中her daughter needed ...location的目的是the rest of her day went smoothly。
19.A.shame B.shock
C.success D.surprise
解析：C　根据空后的Rachel decided to send all of her students home with a note for their parents可知，这个简单的办法很成功，于是Rachel决定在班里推广。
20.A.take care of B.take charge of
C.take hold of D.take advantage of
解析：D　根据句中的It explained what the “Handle with Care” system was 和下句中的In no time， parents began to show their appreciation可知，Rachel让学生带回家的便条解释了“Handle with Care”方法是什么以及家长可以如何利用它，以便家长使用。
21.A.bravery B.kindness
C.generosity D.charity
解析：B　根据上文内容可知，Rachel所做的事是帮助学生及其家长的善举。
22.A.try B.name
C.chance D.look
解析：A　根据句中的Word of the amazing system spread和下句The feedback has been extremely positive！可知，全国各地的老师开始在自己的教室里尝试这一方法。
23.A.accept B.tell
C.expect D.change
解析：B　根据句中的by the way they’re acting可知，老师有时可以通过学生的表现来看出他们这天是否过得不顺。tell意为“知道，辨别，判断”。
24.A.warn B.teach
C.allow D.force
解析：C　根据上文内容可知，一条简单的短信可以让老师提前作出一些小改变，从而让每个人的一整天都过得很好。
Ⅳ.读后续写
　　阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
　　Matt looked out the window of the car.Behind him was flat land， and ahead of him were purple mountains rising to the sky.He turned his head.“Why do I have to leave？”
　　His mom said， “Sweetie， I know you don’t want to go away for the summer.But I’ll be traveling for work and you can’t stay home alone.You’ll have fun with your grandparents.”
　　Matt lived with his mom in Nashville.He had been excited about spending the summer swimming at the pool and playing basketball with his friends at the court near their house.Instead， he was being shipped off to his grandparents’ house outside Erwin， Tennessee.
　　“Mom， what’s Erwin like？” Matt asked.
　　“It’s a beautiful town，” his mom said.“Behind your grandparents’ house is a creek （小河） where you can go fishing.There are also apple orchards （果园）.”
　　“Are there movie theaters？” Matt asked.“Swimming pools？”
　　His mom said， “You’ll have to ask your grandparents.There weren’t any the last time I was there， but maybe they’ve built some by now.”
　　Matt sank into his seat， very upset.Finally， before dark， the car pulled up in front of a wooden two-story house.Two people sat on the front porch （门廊）.As they rose， Matt saw how his grandparents moved slowly.They made their way to the car.
　　“Well，” Matt’s grandma said.“It’s good to meet you， Matt.” She pulled him into a hug.
　　At the dining room， Matt， his mom and his grandparents sat together for dinner.
　　“So， Grandpa，” said Matt.“What do kids do around here for fun？”
　　His grandpa looked at him.“Fun？ Well， they work.Or go fishing.”
　　Suddenly， Matt felt tears welling up in his eyes.This was going to be his summer.“Don’t cry in front of them，” he ordered himself.“Excuse me，” he said.“I’m tired.”
　　After he left the table， Matt heard his grandpa ask his mom， “Did I upset him？” There was a long silence and then his mom responded， “You have to understand him.Matt left his friends， his basketball team， everything to come here this summer.Just give him time.”
注意：1.续写词数应为150左右；
2.请按如下格式作答。
That night Matt heard Grandpa talk with Grandma about a basketball hoop （篮筐）.　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
Matt felt very moved.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
参考范文：
　　That night Matt heard Grandpa talk with Grandma about a basketball hoop （篮筐）.Matt was very curious about why Grandpa mentioned it suddenly.But because he was too tired after the journey， he fell asleep quickly， totally ignoring it.The next morning， Matt went outside to see the house in the daylight.Just beside his mom’s car was a basketball hoop.It hadn’t been there the night before.At that moment he realized that it was Grandpa who’d put that hoop up for him overnight.
　　Matt felt very moved.He went inside and found everyone at the breakfast table.He felt so sorry for his attitude the night before.He came up to his grandpa and hugged him， “Thank you， Grandpa.I like it very much.” His grandpa smiled， and asked him to sit.He told Matt there were some boys in the town， and he would invite them to come to play.Matt felt so happy that he had such considerate grandparents.
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回顾单元知识·提高语言能力
一、核心单词写对
1.　continent　 n.　　　 大陆，陆地，洲
2.　species　 n. 种，物种
3.　beneath　 prep. 在……下面，在……下方；配不上
4.　mass　 n. 大量；团，块，堆；一大群
　 　adj. 大批的，广泛的
5.　towering　 adj. 高大的，高耸的；出色的
6.　living　 adj. 活着的，活的；在使用的
　　　n. 生计，谋生；生活方式
7.　insect　 n. 昆虫
8.　carbon　 n. 碳
9.　damage　 vt.& n. 损害，伤害，损坏，破坏
10.　global　 adj. 全球的；全面的
11.　medal　 n. 奖章，勋章
12.　process　 n. 过程，进程；步骤，流程
　　　 vt. 加工，处理
13.　branch　 n. （政府或机构）部分；分部；树枝；支流；分支
14.　former　 adj. 昔日的，前任的；以前的，从前的
15.　further　 adj. 更多的，更进一步的
　 　　adv. 较远，更远；进一步
　　　 vt. 促进，增进
Ⅰ.根据所给单词的首字母或汉语提示，写出单词的正确形式
1.All the committee　 members are for the plan he put forward.
2.Frogs　 eat pests which destroy crops and carry diseases on the field.
3.We managed to climb up a winding track　 towards a mountain top.
4.In fact， last year many food crops failed because of the drought　.
5.These creatures have survived　 for millions of years since the time of the dinosaurs.
6.People were concerned that pets or 　wildlife　 （野生动植物） could be affected by the pesticides.
7.This sort of 　recycling　 （回收利用） waste materials is a way of reducing pollution.
8.Her father’s death 　impacted　 （有影响） greatly on her childhood years.
9.It is red blood cells that transport 　oxygen　 （氧气） through the bloodstream.
10.Workers poured into the streets to 　protest　 （反对） against the decision of reducing pay.
二、拓展词汇用活
1.　harm　 n.& vt.伤害，损害→harmful adj.有害的→harmless adj.无害的
2.　ecosystem　 n.生态系统→ecologist n.生态学家
3.　region　 n.地区，区域；行政区→regional adj.地区的，区域的
4.　length　 n.长，长度；时间的长短；篇幅，（电影）片长→lengthen v.加长→long adj.长的
5.　biodiversity　 n.生物多样性→biology n.生物学
6.　variety　 n.不同种类；变化，多样性；变种，变体→vary v.改变；使多样化→various adj.各种不同的，各种各样的
7.　survive　 vi.生存，存活 vt.幸存，幸免于难→survival n.幸存，存活；残存物，幸存事物→survivor n.幸存者；生还者
8.　nutrient　 n.营养素，营养物→nutrition n.营养；营养学；营养品→nutritious adj.有营养的；滋养的
9.　disappear　 vi.不复存在，灭绝，消亡；消失；失踪→disappearance n.消失；不见→[反]appear vi.出现→appearance n.出现
10.　agriculture　 n.农业，农学→agricultural adj.农业的，农学的
11.　extinction　 n.灭绝，绝种→extinct adj.已灭绝的，绝种的；废除了的
12.　application　 n.应用，运用；申请→apply v.应用；涉及；申请→applicant n.申请人；求职者
13.　organization　 n.组织，团体；组织工作；安排；条理→organize vt.组织；安排→organized adj.有组织的，有条理的
14.　absolutely　 adv.绝对地，完全地；极其→absolute adj.绝对的，完全的
15.　entirely　 adv.完全地，全部地，完整地→entire adj.整个的，完全的，全部的
16.　profit　 n.利润，收益；好处 vi.& vt.获益，得到好处→profitable adj.营利的；有益的→[反]non-profit adj.非营利的
17.　defence　 n.辩护；防御，保护；防御物；国防；防守→defend vt.保护；防卫→defensive adj.防御的；防守的
18.　economic　 adj.经济的，经济上的；可赚钱的→economy n.经济，经济制度
19.　strategy　 n.策略，行动计划；策划，部署→strategic adj.战略（上）的→strategically adv.战略性地
20.　official　 n.官员，要员 adj.公务的；正式的，官方的→officially adv.正式地，官方地
21.　poverty　 n.贫穷，贫困；贫乏→poor adj.贫穷的
22.　poison　 vt.污染；毒死，毒害 n.毒物，毒药→poisonous adj.有毒的
23.　chemical　 n.化学制品 adj.化学的；化学作用的→chemistry n.化学→chemist n.药剂师
24.　consequence　 n.结果，后果；重要性→consequent adj.作为结果的；随之发生的→consequently adv.因此；所以
Ⅱ.用括号内所给单词的正确形式填空
1.The movie is about 　survival　 and the choices people make when they want to 　survive.In the movie， the 　survivors　 have much trouble in 　surviving　.（survive）
2.My ruler seems not very 　long　， but it is three times the 　length　 of yours.（long）
3.Technology is vital for 　agricultural　 development.With the development of science and technology， I do believe we will make great advances in 　agriculture　.（agriculture）
4.The 　entire　 village was destroyed.It now looks 　entirely　 different from the previous one.（entirely）
5.In time of war， lots of money will be spent on 　defence　 and many measures will be taken to 　defend　 a country from being attacked.（defence）
6.It is reported that some children were 　poisoned　 by the 　poisonous　 food.（poison）
7.The famous 　chemist　 denied in his 　chemistry　 report that it was the waste water from the 　chemical　 factory that polluted the underground water in this area.（chemical）
8.We like to live a life full of 　variety　 and our tastes are 　various　.（vary）
9.The 　organizers　 of the 　organization　 declared that they intended to help more homeless people.（organize）
10.Eating too much every day is 　harmful　 to our health； that is to say， eating too much every day does 　harm　 to our health.（harm）
三、重点短语用准
1.　in turn　　　　　　　　　 相应地，转而；依次，轮流
2.　break down　 使分解（为），使变化（成）；出故障；垮掉；失败，破坏
3.　breathe life into　 给……带来起色，注入活力
4.　due to　 由于，因为
5.　build up　 逐渐增加，扩大
6.　come up with　 想出，想到
7.　call for　 （公开）要求；需要
8.　spring to mind　 突然记起（或想到）
9.　get rid of　 摆脱，丢弃，扔掉
10.　give rise to　 使发生（或存在）
11.　a variety of ...　 各种各样的……
12.　（be） alive with ...　 充满（活的或动的东西）
13.　be home to ...　 是……的家园/栖息地
14.　take in　 欺骗，使上当；摄入，吸收；理解
15.　in length　 在长度上
16.　a sea of　 大量的，大片的
17.　do harm to　 危害，损害
18.　tend to do sth　 倾向于做某事
19.　in defence of　 为了保卫
20.　point out　 指出
21.　be concerned about　 关心；关注
22.　take measures　 采取措施
23.　draw one’s attention　 吸引某人的注意
Ⅲ.选用上面短语的适当形式填空
1.Increased production will，　in turn　， lead to increased profits.
2.We need some new people to 　breathe life into　 this project.
3.He looked down and saw 　a sea of　 smiling faces.
4.　A variety of　 solutions have been provided for us to solve the problem.We can choose one to start with.
5.If you refer to Hawaii， a vision of pretty beaches and blue seas may 　spring to mind　.
6.Many people were not expecting that the peace talks would 　break down　.
7.The pond in front of the building 　is alive with　 fish.
8.The project had to be abandoned 　due to　 a lack of government funding.
9.She has always been encouraged to swim to 　build up　 the strength of her muscles.
10.Low levels of choline in the body can 　give rise to　 high blood pressure.
11.Keep your eye on these jokers， or you never know what they will 　come up with　.
四、经典句式写美
1.句型公式：独立主格结构
教材原句：The Amazon rainforest crosses into eight countries， including Brazil and Peru， and one overseas region of France， 　all on the South American continent　 （都位于南美洲大陆）.
2.句型公式：倍数表达法
教材原句：With an area of around 6 million square kilometres， the Amazon rainforest 　is more than half the size of China　 （比中国国土面积的一半还要大）.
3.句型公式：“介词＋关系代词”引导的非限制性定语从句
教材原句：The Amazon River， 　from which the rainforest gets its name　 （亚马孙雨林得名于）， is close to 6，400 kilometres in length—roughly 100 kilometres longer than the Yangtze River.
4.句型公式：while引导让步状语从句
教材原句：　While a significant number of jaguars survive here　 （尽管相当多的美洲豹在这里生存）， they are only one element of this forest’s food chain.
5.句型公式：“over/in/during/for＋the past/last＋时间段”与现在完成时连用
教材原句：　Over the past 50 years， about 17 per cent of the rainforest has disappeared　 （在过去的50年里，约17%的雨林已经消失了） due to human activities such as agriculture and cattle farming.
6.句型公式：完全倒装
教材原句：　Joining us in the studio tonight are　 （今晚来到我们演播室的有） James Smith， a local resident； Vincent Brown， senior manager of a local factory； and Julie Archer， chief of the Norgate Environmental Protection Committee.
7.句型公式：现在完成进行时
教材原句：　We’ve been taking various measures　 （我们一直在采取各种各样的措施）， including the use of new technologies， to reduce pollution in the production process， even though these measures raise our production costs.
8.句型公式：with复合结构
教材原句：　With pollution levels on the rise　 （鉴于污染程度不断加重）， the Norgate Environmental Protection Committee is searching for ways to fight the problem.
Ⅳ.翻译句子
1.他冲进教室，手里拿着一本书。
　He rushed into the classroom， a book in his hand.　
2.这条路是那条路的六倍长。
　This road is six times the length of that one.　
3.我们的家乡很美丽，我为之感到非常自豪。
　Our hometown is beautiful， of which I’m greatly proud.　
4.虽然他身体不好，但他还是努力工作。
　While he is in bad health， he works hard.　
5.过去三年中我们的家乡变化很大。
　In the last three years， our hometown has changed a lot.　
6.我们在那儿快乐相聚的日子一去不复返了。
　Gone are the days when we got together there happily.　
7.我们一直盼望着暑假。
　We have been looking forward to our summer vacation.　
8.在这么令人害怕的情况下没有一个可以求助的人，她感到很无助。
　With no one to turn to in such a frightening situation， she felt very helpless.　
整合话题元素·增强思维品质
夯实素材储备·注重续写体验
环境描写 ①hardwood n.阔叶树；硬材（阔叶树的木材） ②jaguar n.美洲豹，美洲虎 ③track vt. & vi.跟踪，追踪 n.足迹，踪迹；小道；轨道；跑道；路线
动作描写 ①defence n.辩护；防御，保护；防御物；国防；防守→defend vt.保护；防守；辩解 ②survive vi.生存，存活 　　　　vt.幸存，幸免于难 ③call for （公开）要求；需要
心理描写 ①spring to mind突然记起（或想到） ②come up with想出，想到
其他 ①nut n.坚果 ②consequence n.结果，后果；重要性 ③in turn 相应地，转而；依次，轮流
一、连词成句
　　根据教材语料中所给词汇及汉语提示翻译下列句子。
1.当我和我的朋友马克（Mac）正走在长满阔叶树的丛林里时，我们看到一只美洲虎向我们走来。（环境描写；be doing ...when ...）
　My friend Mac and I were walking in the jungle full of hardwoods when we saw a jaguar walking towards us.　
2.我快被吓死了。（情感描写；动词-ed形式作状语）
　I was almost frightened to death.　
3.“谁会来保护我们呢？”我问道。（语言描写）
　“Who will come to defend us？” I asked.　
4.过了一会儿，马克想出了一个好主意。（心理描写）
　After a while， a good idea sprang to Mac’s mind.　
5.他从包里拿出一些饼干和坚果，撕开包装，向四面八方扔去。（动作描写）
　He took out some biscuits and nuts from his bag， tore the packages， and threw them away in all directions.　
6.结果，美洲虎没有追我们。转而，它朝食物走去。（动作描写；chase after）
　As a consequence， the jaguar didn’t chase after us.In turn， he walked towards the food.　
7.我们沿着猎人的足迹走出森林。（动作描写；动词-ing形式短语作状语）
　We followed the hunter’s tracks， walking out of the forest.　
8.我从这次经历中学到了一个教训，即面对危险时，我们应该保持冷静和勇敢。（心理描写；动词-ing形式短语作状语）
　I learned a lesson from this experience that when facing danger we should be calm and brave.　
二、连句成文
　　用适当的过渡词将上面的句子合并成一个小语段。
　　　My friend Mac and I were walking in the jungle full of hardwoods when we saw a jaguar walking towards us.I was almost frightened to death.“Who will come to defend us？” I asked.After a while， a good idea sprang to Mac’s mind.He took out some biscuits and nuts from his bag， tore the packages， and threw them away in all directions.As a consequence， the jaguar didn’t chase after us.In turn， he walked towards the food.We followed the hunter’s tracks， walking out of the forest.I learned a lesson from this experience that when facing danger we should be calm and brave.　
7 / 7UNIT 1　Nature in the balance
单元话题导入
　　本单元以环境与环境保护为话题。环境是人类生存和活动的场所，包括大气、水、海洋、土地、矿藏、森林、草原、自然遗迹、人文遗迹、自然保护区、风景名胜区、城市和乡村等。大自然为人类提供了生存的资源环境。如果资源环境遭受破坏，那么人类生存发展的空间就会被破坏，所以保护环境就是保护人类自己。
看图感悟语境，选词填空。
global， continent， species， damage， habitat， disappear， recycle， greenhouse
1.There are seven 　continents　 on the Earth.Human beings and these colourful animals and plants live together， and they are interdependent and jointly maintain the 　global　 balance of nature.
2.Many human activities have severely 　damaged　 the animal 　habitats　， making some rare of them have 　disappeared.If no measures are taken， a large number of 　species　 will face the risk of extinction.
3.In order to reduce the 　greenhouse　 effect， we should 　recycle　 waste， walk or bike to work as much as possible.Protecting the ecological environment is everyone’s responsibility.
1 / 1Section Ⅱ　Grammar and usage
省 略
阅读下列句子并思考加蓝部分的用法。
1.Jack：Hi， Henry！ Did you watch the documentary about environmental protection on TV yesterday？
Henry：No， I didn’t （watch the documentary about environmental protection on TV yesterday）.
2.You can watch it online if you want to （watch it）.
3.You’d better not take medicine unless your doctor told you to （take medicine）.
4.I felt worried when （I was） watching the documentary.
5.Some call for the application of modern technology， and others （call for） a change of lifestyle.
6.（Have you） Got any ideas？
7.（It/That） Sounds great！
【我的发现】
（1）由句　1　可以看出，在简短对话中，答句常保留主语和助动词，省略其后的　主要动词　以及上句中出现过的其他内容。
（2）由句　2、3　可以看出，动词不定式作宾语或宾语补足语时，在后句的动词不定式结构中，常省略与前句重复的　to　后面的内容。
（3）由句　4　可以看出，若从句的主语与主句的主语相同，且从句谓语中有be动词时，常省略从句的　主语　和　be动词　。本句是　状语　从句的省略。
（4）由句　5　可以看出，在并列句结构中，常省略与前面相同的主语、　谓语　或其他成分。
（5）由句　6、7　可以看出，在非正式场合，如果语境清晰，常省略　主语　或“主语＋谓语的一部分”。
　在英语中，为了使语言简洁或避免重复，在一些句子中常常省去一个或某几个成分，这种语法现象称为省略。
一、词法上的省略
（一）动词不定式的省略
1.当动词不定式在某些形容词 afraid、 anxious、 eager、 glad、 happy、 ready、 willing等后作状语时，to后的内容常省略。
You can’t force him to answer the question if he’s not willing to （answer the question）.
如果他不愿意回答这个问题，你不能强迫他。
2.当动词不定式在某些使役动词（make、 let、 have等）和感官动词（see、 watch、 notice、 observe、 hear等）后作宾语补足语时须省略to，但若这些动词用于被动语态，则to不能省略。
While watching television， we heard the doorbell ring just now.
＝While watching television， the doorbell was heard to ring just now.
刚才在看电视时，我们听到门铃响了。
3.当动词不定式在某些动词后作宾语时，to后的内容常可省略。常见的动词有agree、 afford、 expect、 forget、 hope、 manage、 pretend、 refuse、 remember、 want、 wish等。
He asked me to help him lock the door， but I forgot to （lock the door）.
他让我帮他锁门，但是我忘了。
4.作介词but、 except （除了）、 besides的宾语，且前面有实义动词do的任何形式时，后面的动词不定式常省略 to。
All he could do was nothing but wait and see.
他所能做的就是静观其变。
5.当动词不定式在be going to、 be able to、 have to、 ought to、 used to等后作复合谓语时，动词不定式可省略，但要保留动词不定式符号 to。
They didn’t visit their parents as much as they ought to （visit their parents）.
他们应该多看望父母，但他们没有。
名师点津
（1）在to be或to have done结构中，省略时往往保留be或have。
（2）类似这种用法的动词短语有ought to、 be going to、 be about to、 be supposed to、 have to、 used to及形容词glad、 happy、 pleased、 delighted等。
He didn’t come， but he ought to have.
他没来，但他应该来。
—Are you a farmer？
—No， but I used to be （a farmer）.
——你是个农民吗？
——不是，但我过去是。
（二）使用so、 not等的替代性省略
1.在think、 believe、 expect、 suppose和it appears/seems之后，表示同意前面说过的话时，可以用so代替单词（形容词、副词）、词组或句子；表示对前面说过的话加以否定时，可以用not或not ...so。
—Can you finish your work today？
—I think so./I don’t think so./I think not.
——你今天能完成工作吗？
——我觉得可以。/我觉得完不成。
2.if not可视为一个否定的条件状语从句省略；if so的意思是“如果是那样的话”。
Get up early tomorrow.If not （If you don’t get up early）， you will miss the first bus.
明天要早起，如果不早起，你就赶不上头班公共汽车了。
He may not be at home.If so （If he is not at home then）， leave him a note.
他可能不在家。如果他不在家的话，给他留个便条。
【即时演练1】　完成句子
①The boy was made 　to go to bed early　.
这个男孩被迫早睡。
②We have nothing to do now 　but wait　.
除了等，我们现在没有别的事可做。
③Some people suggested that she reconsider the matter， but 　she refused to　.
有人建议她重新考虑这件事，但她拒绝了。
④You may have finished your homework.　If so　， you can go out to play football.
你可能已经完成了作业。如果是那样的话，你可以出去踢足球了。
二、句法上的省略
（一）简单句中的省略
1.省略主语：一般情况下，主语是不能省略的，但在祈使句和其他不容易引起歧义的情况下，特别是在口语中，主语常常省略，主要是祈使句中的you和疑问句中的主语。
（You） Shut up！
住嘴！（省略了主语You）
（You） Want a hand？
需要帮忙吗？（省略了主语You）
（I） Beg your pardon.
请再说一遍。（省略了主语I）
（It） Doesn’t matter.
没关系。（省略了主语It）
2.省略谓语（或谓语的一部分）：在某些具体的场合下，主语和谓语都很明确，此时为了简化或显得亲切，可将谓语或谓语的一部分省略。
We went through the tests on Monday.Jenny had hers during the day， and I （had） mine after work.
我们在星期一进行了检查。詹妮在白天，我是在下班之后。（省略了谓语had）
I like her sincerely， as I would （like） a child of my own.
我真心地喜欢她，就像喜欢我自己的孩子一样。（省略了谓语的一部分like）
3.省略主语和谓语（或主语和谓语的一部分）：有时可将主语和谓语（或主语和谓语的一部分）同时省略。
（You come） This way， please.
请这边走。（省略了主语和谓语You come）
（Have you） Got any ink？
你有墨水吗？（省略了主语和谓语的一部分Have you）
4.省略宾语：当上下或前后两个句子的宾语一致时，下句或后句常省略宾语。
—Do you know Miss Gao？
—I don’t know （her）.
——你认识高女士吗？
——不认识。（省略了宾语her）
I borrowed from Peter but I paid （Peter） the money soon.
我向彼得借了钱，但我很快就还（彼得）钱了。（省略了宾语Peter）
She washed （the dress）， ironed （the dress）， folded （the dress）， and put the dress into a cupboard.
她洗完了衣服，把它熨好、折叠好放到一个柜子里。（省略了宾语the dress）
【即时演练2】　补全下列省略句
①What a hot day today！
→What a hot day 　it is　 today！
②Anything else to say？
→　Is there　 anything else to say？
③Understand？
→　Do you　 understand？
④Some of us study Japanese； others English.
→Some of us study Japanese； others 　study　 English.
⑤I run much faster than before.
→I run much faster than 　I ran　 before.
⑥Let’s do the cases.I’ll read and you’ll type.
→Let’s do the cases.I’ll read 　the cases　 and you’ll type 　the cases　.
（二）并列句中的省略
在由and或but连接的并列句中，常省略一些重复的词或词组。
1.如果主语不同，而谓语动词中的一部分相同，则省略谓语动词中相同的部分。
John must have been playing football and Mary （must have been） doing her homework.
约翰一定在踢足球，而玛丽一定在做作业。
2.主语相同，谓语动词也相同，则可以省略后面的主语和谓语。
His suggestions made John happy， but （his suggestions made） Mary angry.
他的建议使约翰高兴，但使玛丽生气。
3.主语相同，而谓语动词不同，则可省略主语。
Old McDonald gave up smoking for a while， but （he） soon returned to his old ways.
老麦克唐纳只戒了一阵子烟就很快回到了原来的状态。
4.在并列复合句中，如果that从句从属于第二个并列句且它的谓语动词和宾语等其他成分与第一个并列句相同时，这个that 从句通常可以省略这些相同的部分。
Jack will sing at the party， but I know John won’t （sing at the party）.
杰克将在晚会上唱歌，但我知道约翰不会。
【即时演练3】　完成句子
①Lin’s father was not at home， but 　his mother was （at home）　.
林的爸爸不在家，但他的妈妈在家。
②John won the first race and 　Jimmy （won） the second （race）　.
约翰赢了第一场赛跑，吉米赢了第二场。
③Mike said that he would come to school to see me， 　but he didn’t （come to school to see me）　.
迈克说他会来学校看我，但他没来。
④He has a knowledge of first aid but 　his friend doesn’t （have a knowledge of first aid）　.
他具备急救知识，但他朋友不具备。
（三）复合句中的省略
1.状语从句中的省略
（1）在when、 while、 if、 as if、 though、 although、 as、 until、 once、 unless、 whenever等引导的状语从句中，当状语从句的主语和主句的主语相同，且从句谓语中含有be动词的某种形式，或从句的主语为it时，则从句中的主语和be动词常被省略。
While （you are） cycling， don’t forget the traffic lights.
骑车时，不要忘记看红绿灯。
When （the grapes are） ripe， the grapes will be delicious.
等（葡萄）熟了，葡萄会很好吃的。
If （it is） possible， I wish to go there next summer.
如果可能的话，我希望明年夏天去那儿。
（2）在than、 as等引导的比较状语从句中常省略某些成分。
He runs as fast as Bob （runs）.
他和鲍勃跑得一样快。
The film is more interesting than （it was） expected.
这部电影比预想的有趣。
名师点津
并非所有的状语从句都可以省略主语和be动词，由after、 before、 because等词引导的状语从句一般要改写成介词短语，用动词-ing形式代替be动词。
Because he was ill， he didn’t attend the meeting.
→Because of being ill， he didn’t attend the meeting.
由于生病，他没有出席会议。
2.定语从句中的省略
（1）在限制性定语从句中，作宾语用的关系代词whom、 which、 that可以省略（但whom、 which紧跟在介词后时不能省略）。
Where is the book （which/that） I bought this morning？
今天上午我买的那本书在哪里？
He’s the man （whom/who/that） you can safely depend on.
他是你能放心信赖的人。
（2）修饰way的关系词that/in which可以省略。
The way （that/in which） he speaks to us is really annoying.
他对我们讲话的方式真是让人讨厌。
3.宾语从句中的省略
（1）及物动词后接宾语从句时，连接词that一般可以省略；但如果及物动词后连接两个或两个以上that引导的宾语从句时，那么只有第一个that可以省略。
We believe （that） if we put our heart into it， we will succeed sooner or later.
我们相信如果我们全力以赴，我们终有一天会成功。
He said （that） the text was very important and that we should learn it by heart.
他说这篇课文很重要，我们应该牢记于心。
（2）在由when、 where、 how、 why等引导的宾语从句中，有时引导词后的从句可全部或部分省略。
I know that a movie star will come to our city but I don’t know when （he will come to our city）.我知道一个电影明星将要来我们的城市，但我不知道他什么时候来。
【即时演练4】　把下列句子改为省略句
①If it is so， I hope you will have a wonderful time.
→　If so　， I hope you will have a wonderful time.
②The winters in Hangzhou are not so mild as they are in Guangzhou.
→The winters in Hangzhou are not 　so mild as in Guangzhou　.
③Wood gives off much smoke while it is burning.
→Wood gives off much smoke 　while burning　.
④Though they were tired， they went on working.
→　Though tired　， they went on working.
⑤Here is the man whom you’ve been looking for.
→Here is the man 　you’ve been looking for　.
⑥She said that she had finished her homework.
→She said 　she had finished her homework　.
come up with 想出，想到
【教材原句】　All of them come up with creative ideas on how to solve these problems.
他们所有人都想出了关于如何解决这些问题的创造性的想法。
【用法】
come about 　　 发生；产生 come across （偶然）遇见；发现；被理解 come up 被提出；出现；发芽 come out 出来；长出；出版，发行；结果是 come to 共计；达到 when it comes to （doing） ... 当谈到（做）……时
【佳句】　When you have finished， try to come up with two more cases for each category.
当你完成后，每一类尽量再想出两个例子。
【点津】　come up的主语是物，表示“（计划、建议、方案等）被提出”，为不及物动词短语，不能用于被动语态；而come up with的主语是人或团体组织，表示“（某人）提出”，为及物动词短语。
【练透】　用come的相关短语填空
①Specialists can 　come up with　 new ways to solve the problem of air pollution.
②As soon as the project 　came up　 at the meeting， it attracted many people’s attention.
③I will try my best to overcome the barriers I 　come across　 and I will never give up.
④We are told that his new works will 　come out　 next week.
⑤How did it 　come about　？Tell me about it in detail.
【写美】　完成句子
⑥　When it comes to repairing a computer　， I know nothing.
当谈到修电脑时，我一无所知。
call for （公开）要求；需要
【教材原句】　Some call for the application of modern technology， and others a change of lifestyle.
一些人要求运用现代科学技术，而另一些人则要求改变生活方式。
【用法】
call at 　　　 拜访（某个地点）；（火车等）停靠 call off 取消；停止进行 call on/upon 拜访（某人）；号召；要求（某人讲话等）；正式邀请 call in 请来；收回 call up 给……打电话；使回忆起，使想起 call back 回电话；收回
【佳句】　The problem is that studying those species calls for a lot of patience.
问题是，研究那些物种需要有很大的耐心。
We intended to visit the theme park but ended up calling on Professor Zhang.
我们原打算参观主题公园，但最后却拜访了张教授。
【练透】　用call的相关短语填空
①The public are 　calling for　 an end to air pollution.
②This picture 　called up　 memories of my taking part in that half-marathon.
③The council announces that the conference is 　called off　 so that we can go home now.
④I’m going to 　call on/upon　 one of my former classmates.
⑤Twenty volunteers were 　called in　 to set up shelters for the survivors.
【写美】　完成句子
⑥The present situation 　calls for immediate action　.
目前的形势需要立即采取行动。
application n.应用，运用；申请
【用法】
（1）apply vt.& vi. 　　 应用；申请；涂；有关 apply （to ...） for ... （向……）申请…… apply to 适用于；与……有关 apply oneself to ... 专心于…… apply ...to ... 把……运用到……；把……涂到…… （2）applicant n. 申请人
【佳句】　The applicants must hand in their applications first if they want to apply for the job.申请人如果想申请这份工作，就必须先上交他们的申请书。
【练透】　单句语法填空
①It was announced that they had received 500 　applications　 （apply） for the post.
②After a short holiday， he applied 　himself　 （he） to his work again.
③In this way， we can better apply theory 　to　 practice.
【写美】　完成句子
④I wish 　to apply for the position of a local tour guide　 advertised in the Daily News on 30 June.
我想应聘6月30日《每日新闻》上刊登的当地导游的职位。
维度一：基础题型练
用省略结构改写下列句子。
1.Who is the man whom you were talking to？
→Who is the man 　you were talking to　？
2.Someone has used my mobile phone， but I don’t know who has used it.
→Someone has used my mobile phone， but I 　don’t know who　.
3.Although he was hard-working， he couldn’t earn enough to support himself.
→　Although hard-working　， he couldn’t earn enough to support himself.
4.They don’t use more water than it is necessary.
→They don’t use more water 　than necessary　.
维度二：语法与写作
用省略结构完成下列句子。
1.He has made a lot of films， 　but few good ones　.
他拍了很多电影，但很少拍出好的。
2.I don’t like the way 　she treats her students　.
我不喜欢她对待她的学生的方式。
3.She wants to learn English well， but she 　doesn’t know how to　.
她想学好英语，但不知道怎么学。
4.The driver wanted to park his car near the roadside but was 　asked by the police not to　.
司机想把他的车停在路边，但警察要求他不要这样做。
5.He doesn’t get up early 　as he used to　.
他不像过去那样早早起床了。
维度三：语法与语篇
阅读下面对话，补全对话中被省略的部分。
James：How was your day？
Alex：It was good but busy at the same time.How was yours？
James：Mine was the same.But I felt relaxed when 1.　I was　 having an ice cream.
Alex： Me， too！ It’s so hot these days.What are you looking for？
James： A dustbin.Do you know where one is？
Alex： No， I don’t know 2.　where one is.Why do you need one？
James： I need to throw the ice cream stick away.
Alex： Oh！ It’s just a stick and you can throw it anywhere you want.
James： No， I can’t 3.　throw it anywhere I want.It will cause environmental pollution.
Alex： Throwing a small stick away won’t harm the environment.
James：You’re wrong.Every piece of garbage can harm the environment.If we care for the environment and 4.　we　 work hard to protect it， changes will come.
Alex： Your words make sense.But it is not enough to maintain a clean environment by our actions alone.Many people around us are indifferent to environmental pollution and 5.　they are　 unwilling to change their lifestyles.
James：It’s true.I plan to set up an organization to call for action to be taken.
Alex：It sounds great！ Let’s do it together.
　　
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
　　Last summer， staff at the San Diego Zoo welcomed 41 baby turtles （海龟） from the Indian narrow-headed soft-shell turtle species， which is native to South Asia.It makes the zoo the first officially recognized organization in North America to hatch （孵化） and raise the species.
　　Three Indian narrow-headed soft-shell turtles have been at the zoo for over 20 years.All that time， zoo staff had been hoping they would one day reproduce.“This is a thrilling moment for us， and a big step forward in the protection of this species，” said Kim Gray， director of the zoo.
　　The eggs were found in two separate nests.Some of the turtles hatched in their habitat， while most of the eggs were stored in an artificial box to create the best conditions for survival.Turtle experts at the zoo say eggs in the habitat are often difficult to find， as the turtles like to lay their eggs overnight and cover them with dirt.
　　The species is listed as endangered on the International Union for Conservation of Nature’s Red List， though it’s unclear how many remain in the wild.Environmental pollution， habitat destruction， the international pet trade and human food harvesting have all led to the species’ reduction over the years.
　　“We have been caring for these turtles for a very long time， and part of that care is to gain a greater understanding of the species’ natural history，” Kim Gray added.“With the knowledge we gain here at the zoo， we can better assist our partners in India to help this essential species develop and grow in their native habitat.”
语篇解读：本文是一篇新闻报道。圣迭戈动物园孵化了41只印度小头鳖，动物园园长金·格雷一直致力于保护这一物种。
1.Why did Kim Gray feel excited at this reproduction？（　　）
A.The zoo got officially recognized.
B.It was a breakthrough in turtle protection.
C.A great many turtles were hatched at once.
D.An endangered turtle species was saved.
解析：B　细节理解题。根据第二段中Kim Gray所说的话可知，印度小头鳖的成功繁殖标志着在海龟保护方面取得了突破。
2.What made the turtle eggs in the habitat hard to find？（　　）
A.Their dark colour.
B.The artificial box.
C.Their being dirt-covered.
D The low light at night.
解析：C　细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句可知，海龟蛋难找的原因是海龟会在上面盖上泥土。
3.What does Paragraph 4 focus on about the turtles？（　　）
A.The time when listed as endangered.
B.Human activities to save them.
C.Their existing number in the wild.
D.Factors endangering them.
解析：D　段落大意题。根据第四段中的Environmental pollution， habitat destruction ...led to the species’ reduction over the years.可知，本段主要讲述的是这种海龟濒危的原因。
4.Who might be most interested in the text according to the last paragraph？（　　）
A.Pet lovers.　　　　　　B.Zoologists.
C.Environmentalists. D.Zoo visitors.
解析：B　推理判断题。通读全文可知，圣迭戈动物园孵化了41只印度小头鳖，在海龟保护方面取得了重大突破。根据最后一段可知，通过照顾这一濒危物种，他们对其有了更好的了解。由此推断，对本文最感兴趣的人应该是动物学家。
B
　　By 2100， cities around the world could warm by 4 ℃ on average， exposing the growing urban population to conditions that will damage humans’ lives.Cities are in the front line， dealing daily with the impacts of climate change.
　　At the 27th United Nations Climate Change Conference， the UN Environment Programme （UNEP） announced a new initiative — the Nature for Cool Cities Challenge， which encourages cities to use the cooling power of nature.Solutions such as forests， green belts and parks in and around cities can deliver cooling services， without damaging emissions （排放物）.The cooling benefits of such solutions are well-documented， but they need to be better understood and managed to bring about changes at a global level.
　　Cities across the world that are already too hot in summer are taking a variety of measures from insisting new buildings have gardens on their roofs， painting existing roofs white， to colouring roads light grey and planting trees in streets and open spaces.The good news is that all these measures work，mitigating land surface temperatures by 2 ℃ to 3 ℃ in the areas where they are applied.
　　Qatar， host country of 2022 World Cup， surprises the world with an open mind about using technological innovation to deal with the environmental challenges of living in the desert.The government has implemented （实施） a pilot “cool pavement” project in the capital， Doha， which involves the use of a cooling material to decrease the temperature of the asphalt （沥青） on roads.Unlike conventional asphalt， which contributes to increased temperatures by absorbing up to 95 per cent of sunlight， the so-called “cool pavement” reflects UV rays and absorbs solar radiation to a lesser extent， contributing to overall temperature reduction in a greener way.The government， using the World Cup event as a platform， is seeking for partnership with more countries in addressing global environmental issues.
　　Many hands make light work.Just as Sheila Aggarwal-Khan， Director of UNEP’s Economy Division put it， “Truly effective solutions require partnership between governments， the private sectors， experts， and practitioners， nationally and internationally.It is decisive that the joint efforts from financial institutions，investors and businesses help make this vision a reality.”
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了由联合国环境规划署宣布的一项新倡议——“运用自然的力量使城市降温”，并以卡塔尔为例介绍了这种方法的实用性。
5.What does UNEP’s new initiative aim to do？（　　）
A.Cool cities with nature-based methods.
B.Cut down the emissions in public places.
C.Document the benefits of living in the city.
D.Decrease urban population to improve living.
解析：A　细节理解题。根据第二段第一句可知，联合国环境规划署宣布的新倡议的目的是用大自然的力量给城市降温。
6.What does the underlined word “mitigating” in Paragraph 3 probably mean？（　　）
A.Reducing. B.Increasing.
C.Maintaining. D.Adjusting.
解析：A　词义猜测题。根据第三段第一句可知，世界各地夏天特别热的城市正采取各种降温措施，所以第二句，即画线词所在句应表明这些措施的结果：所有这些措施都起到了给城市降温的作用，在实施这些措施的地区，地表温度降低了2℃到3℃，mitigating与reducing意思相近，均有“减少”之意。
7.How does the new material work in Qatar’s “cool pavement” project？（　　）
A.It takes in much of the sunlight.
B.It enlarges the exposure to solar radiation.
C.It helps improve the air quality of Doha effectively.
D.It absorbs less and reflects more than conventional materials.
解析：D　细节理解题。根据第四段中的Unlike conventional asphalt ...the so-called “cool pavement” reflects UV rays and absorbs solar radiation to a lesser extent， contributing to overall temperature reduction in a greener way.可知，与传统的沥青相比，“凉爽路面”这个项目的材料吸收较少的太阳辐射，还能反射紫外线，从而降低了整体温度。
8.What did Sheila stress？（　　）
A.Finance. B.Cooperation.
C.Professionalism. D.Management.
解析：B　细节理解题。根据最后一段可知，希拉强调了各国政府、私营企业、专家和从业人员在国内和国际上的合作。
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
　　Let’s discover some of the benefits that forests provide and consider protecting them by reducing your carbon footprint！
　　Forests provide necessary resources
　　Just look around your house — how many things are made from wood or other forest products？ Many common household items such as furniture and books are also made from forest resources.Timber （木材） is the primary material used to build homes in many parts of the world.9.（　　）.
　　Forests provide food and nutrition
　　10.（　　）.Forests are an excellent place to search for wild foods such as berries， mushrooms， leaves， tubers， and nuts； and the wild animals that live in forests are an important source of protein.
　　11.（　　）
　　Forests also provide income for millions of people worldwide.Many types of jobs depend on forests and their resources， from woodcutters to trekking （徒步旅行） guides to forest rangers who take care of forests.
　　Forests protect us from natural disasters
　　Trees and other plants help prevent landslides （滑坡） by holding the soil in place and lessening the force of rain on the ground.12.（　　）.As such， they act as a natural buffer （缓冲物）， protecting coastal communities from the damaging effects of storms.
　　Forests are playgrounds for recreation （娱乐）
　　13.（　　）.Each year， about 8 billion visitors explore the world’s national parks and other protected areas， many of which are forested.From trekking to mountain biking， forests are an ideal place for adventures.
A.Forests support jobs
B.Forests help people stay healthy
C.Forests are a natural carbon solution
D.Forests are also a source of fun， excitement， and inspiration
E.Not to mention， many families use wood to heat their homes
F.Similarly， forests along the coastline can help reduce the power of waves
G.For many communities in the countryside， forests are their neighborhood “grocery stores”
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了森林带来的五个好处。
9.E　根据本部分小标题可知，森林提供给我们必要的资源。上文指出我们生活中的很多物品都由木材制成，并且木材在世界上很多地方也是建造房屋的基本材料。E项（更不用说，许多家庭使用木材来取暖）与上文形成递进关系，符合语境。
10.G　根据本部分小标题及下文内容可知，森林提供给我们食物和营养。G项（对许多农村社区来说，森林就是他们街区的“杂货店”）符合语境。
11.A　根据下文内容可知，森林为全世界数百万人创造收入，因为很多工作都与森林资源相关。A项中的support jobs呼应下文中的provide income，且jobs与下文中的jobs为原词复现。故A项适合作本段小标题。
12.F　根据本部分小标题可知，森林保护我们免受自然灾害。上文指出树木和其他植物通过稳固土壤和减少雨水对地面的影响来帮助防止滑坡。由此推断，设空处应该与森林有助于抵抗自然灾害相关。F项符合语境。下文中的they指代F项中的forests along the coastline。
13.D　根据本部分小标题可知，森林是休闲娱乐的场所。下文指出森林是游客探索和冒险的理想之地。D项（森林也是乐趣、刺激和灵感的源泉）符合语境。
Ⅲ.完形填空
　　When Laney Rogers met Howard Kitchen， Howard was just 4 years old.He was cute.But soon Rogers found he was a 　14　 kid.He easily became angry and often 　15　 things.And he was unwilling to obey.
　　Rogers， who was Howard’s special education teacher， and other teachers studied behavior management and tried many methods， but they 　16　 totally.What finally 　17　 him wasn’t anything learned in a book.It was 　18　.
　　“I feel so 　19　 to have teachers who care so much about me and 　20　 me，” said Howard Kitchen， now a 17-year-old high schooler.Last month， he started mentoring （指导） “　21　 Howards” at the school where his schooling 　22　.His efforts there are already 　23　.Christian Scates， 5， said， “Howard is my best friend.When I get mad， he teaches me how to get 　24　.”
　　Rogers， now an administrator （管理人员） for the school district， happened to 　25　 Howard， now a man， in the same hallways where she used to chase him down as a child.Today， many kids 　26　 him there.In great excitement， Rogers took a photo of Howard with her.
　　Rogers and her colleagues never 　27　 the badly-behaved student.They tried to let him 　28　 they always love him.“What really worked was just good old basic love and kindness from a whole lot of amazing people，” Rogers said.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。小时候的Howard是一个控制不住情绪、不服管教的孩子，老师的爱让他成长为一名优秀的学生。
14.A.lonely B.troubled
C.shy D.proud
解析：B　根据第一段中的He easily became angry和he was unwilling to obey以及最后一段首句中的the badly-behaved student可知，Howard是个爱制造麻烦的孩子，他很容易发怒，经常破坏东西。
15.A.damaged B.lost
C.wasted D.hid
解析：A　参见上题解析。
16.A.agreed B.forgot
C.failed D.missed
解析：C　根据第一段最后一句和空前的but可知，Howard不服管束，Rogers和其他老师想办法管教他，但是彻底失败了。
17.A.challenged B.pleased
C.protected D.changed
解析：D　根据最后一段中they always love him以及尾句可知，最终改变了Howard的不是从书上学到的东西，而是来自很多人的爱。
18.A.love B.knowledge
C.hope D.confidence
解析：A　参见上题解析。
19.A.worried B.lucky
C.eager D.ashamed
解析：B　根据have teachers who care so much about me可知，有老师这么关心她，他感到很幸运。
20.A.recognize B.test
C.need D.support
解析：D　根据and可知，空处应和care为相同感彩的词，support（支持）符合语境。
21.A.little B.poor
C.curious D.great
解析：A　根据本段中he started mentoring、Christian Scates， 5和When I get mad可知，Howard开始指导那些像童年的他一样不好管理的小孩子。
22.A.struggled B.continued
C.began D.ended
解析：C　根据文章首句和空前的at the school where his schooling可知，Howard四岁时在这所学校开始接受教育，目前他在该校指导这些小孩。
23.A.getting ready B.paying off
C.coming back D.making sense
解析：B　根据空后两句可知，五岁的Christian Scates把Howard当成自己最好的朋友，当他情绪失控时，Howard教他如何冷静下来，这也表明Howard对小孩子的指导取得了成功，他在那里的努力已经得到了回报。
24.A.slow B.cheerful
C.polite D.calm
解析：D　参见上题解析。
25.A.meet B.save
C.prevent D.mention
解析：A　根据句中in the same hallways where she used to chase him down as a child和尾句中Rogers took a photo of Howard with her可知，Rogers老师碰巧在同一个走廊里遇到了Howard，她曾在那里追赶孩提时代的Howard。
26.A.understand B.respect
C.surprise D.impress
解析：B　根据上段中的Christian Scates， 5， said， “Howard is my best friend.When I get mad， he teaches me how to get 　24　.”可知，今天，有很多孩子在那里（指同样的走廊里）对他很尊敬。
27.A.kept track of B.took advantage of
C.gave up on D.caught up with
解析：C　根据第二段内容可知，Rogers老师和她的同事从未放弃过这个表现不好的学生（指Howard）。
28.A.confirm B.expect
C.accept D.know
解析：D　根据they always love him以及Rogers所说的话可知，老师们努力让Howard知道他们永远是爱他的。
Ⅳ.语法填空
　　Did you know that seahorses are going extinct？ These little fish struggle 29.　　　　　　 （survive） against traps （捕捉器）， habitat loss， and more.
　　To fix this problem， many Australian government departments are working at Project Seahorse， a project 30.　　　　　　 （design） to repopulate seahorse communities and rebuild their habitat.The project was inspired by the observation of throwaway fishing traps left in the sea.Seahorses 31.　　　　　　 （attract） to these throwaway traps， which had begun to grow sea vegetation and coral （珊瑚）， which is home 32.　　　　　　 the animals that seahorses feed on.
　　SEA LIFE Sydney Aquarium is building seahorse hotels to give both the seahorses and their habitat a 33.　　　　　　 （help） hand.The hotels are metal cages 34.　　　　　　 come in different shapes.Underwater， the hotels will begin to grow sea vegetation and coral.These hotels are being used in Australia’s Sydney harbor， and at least three 35.　　　　　　 （success） groups of seahorses have been set free into them.
　　However， there are a few 36.　　　　　　 （concern）.Seahorses raised by human beings haven’t learned how to hunt in 37.　　　　　　 wild， or how to avoid their enemies.These are things they will have to learn if they are going to survive.
　　38.　　　　　　 （hopeful）， this project will help to rebuild seahorse populations and their habitats.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。澳大利亚为濒危的海马修建水下酒店，旨在增加海马的数量和重建它们的栖息地。
29.to survive　考查非谓语动词。struggle to do sth努力做某事。
30.designed　考查非谓语动词。设空处作后置定语，修饰名词project，且design与project之间是逻辑上的动宾关系。故填designed。
31.were attracted　考查动词的时态和语态。根据语境可知，设空处描述发生在过去的事情，应用一般过去时，又因主语Seahorses与attract之间是被动关系。故填were attracted。
32.to　考查介词。be home to ...是……的栖息地。
33.helping　考查非谓语动词。a helping hand帮忙。
34.that/which　考查关系代词。设空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词cages，且在从句中作主语。故填that/which。
35.successful　考查词形转换。设空处作定语，修饰groups，意为“成功的”，用形容词。故填successful。
36.concerns　考查名词复数。concern意为“令人担忧的事”时，是可数名词，因设空处前有a few修饰，此处表示复数意义。故填concerns。
37.the　考查冠词。in the wild在野生环境中。
38.Hopefully　考查词形转换。设空处作状语，修饰整个句子，应用副词，又因位于句首。故填Hopefully。
1 / 3单元质量检测（一）　Nature in the balance
（满分150分，时间120分钟）
第一部分　听力（共两节，满分30分）
第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1.Who do the speakers wait for？（　　）
A.Nobody.　 　B.Jason.　　 　C.Tom.
2.What is the woman going to do finally？（　　）
A.Call for service.
B.Ask John for help.
C.Repair the machine.
3.What is the man doing？（　　）
A.Buying fruit.
B.Packaging apples.
C.Weighing apples.
4.What does Jaden probably mean？（　　）
A.He dislikes travelling.
B.He has to save money.
C.He can’t afford the trip.
5.What are the speakers talking about？（　　）
A.A life story.
B.A newspaper.
C.An advertisement.
第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）
　　听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
6.What was Jason doing in the daytime on the most unforgettable day？（　　）
A.Staying at home.
B.Chatting with neighbours.
C.Having classes at school.
7.Why did Jason’s neighbours come to his home？（　　）
A.To visit his parents.
B.To tell the news to his brother.
C.To express their congratulations.
听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。
8.What does Susan do these days？（　　）
A.Play with Jack.
B.Work in the park.
C.Read in the library.
9.What is the woman going to do next？（　　）
A.Go to the park.
B.Go to see an exhibition.
C.Chat with the man at home.
听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。
10.What does Jim plan to do tonight at first？（　　）
A.Cook at home.
B.Watch TV at home.
C.Go to the cinema alone.
11.What kind of movie will the speakers watch？（　　）
A.A comedy.
B.A horror movie.
C.An action movie.
12.How will the speakers probably get to the cinema？（　　）
A.By subway. B.By taxi. C.By bus.
听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。
13.What will Ted prepare for his mother’s birthday？（　　）
A.A picture. B.A book. C.A handbag.
14.Why did Ted’s father go to New York City？（　　）
A.To attend a meeting.
B.To prepare a surprise.
C.To celebrate his wife’s birthday.
15.When is Ted’s mum’s birthday？（　　）
A.This Friday. B.This Saturday. C.This Sunday.
16.What will Ted’s grandma do next？（　　）
A.Go to sleep.
B.Read a magazine.
C.Call the man’s father.
听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。
17.What does the boy’s family think of him at first？（　　）
A.Kind. B.Boring. C.Bad-looking.
18.What does the boy enjoy doing？（　　）
A.Inventing new things.
B.Playing with other kids.
C.Observing stars.
19.What does the boy learn at last？（　　）
A.To accept himself.
B.To respect his family.
C.To develop some interests.
20.Who is probably telling the story？（　　）
A.A teacher. B.A student. C.A radio host.
答案：1－5　CBACB　6－10　CCCAB
11－15　CACAA　16－20　ACAAC
听力材料：
（Text 1）
M：Linda， has everybody arrived？
W：Jason and Tom haven’t arrived yet.
M：Oh， Jason is in the restroom now.
W：OK， everyone is here except Tom. Let’s just wait for him.
（Text 2）
W：The machine doesn’t work again. I’ll call for service.
M：It’s unnecessary. John knows how to repair it. He used to be a repairman.
W：Great. I’ll tell him about the problem.
（Text 3）
M：These apples look nice. How much are they？
W：A small bag is three dollars and a large one is eight dollars.
M：Can I buy just two apples？
W：Certainly. But I need to weigh them.
（Text 4）
W：Jaden， I’d like to take a trip to China during the summer vacation. Do you want to come along？
M：I really want to， but you know， a trip to China can be very costly.
（Text 5）
W：Why do you like reading this newspaper？
M：Well， I can learn what happened locally. Also， there are life stories about local people.
W：Don’t you read the ads？ They can be helpful.
M：Not for me！
（Text 6）
W：Jason， what’s the most unforgettable day in your life？
M：Well， it must be the day when I knew my older brother was admitted to a key university.
W：Wow， that was good news.
M：Yes. I remember clearly that when I reached home from school in the evening， many neighbours were at my house to congratulate us and praise my brother for his hard work. My whole family all felt very excited.
W：I see. I guess your brother must be a hard-working guy.
M：Yes. I’m very proud of him.
（Text 7）
M：Hi， Susan. How is everything？
W：Nothing special. I’m just reading in the library every day.
M：You know， all work and no play makes Jack a dull boy. You should do something for fun to relax this afternoon. Would you like to go to an art exhibition？
W：I’d rather not. I just want to chat with you.
M：Then what about going to the park？ We can chat as we enjoy the warm sunshine.
W：Good idea. It’s a lovely day after all.
（Text 8）
W：Jim， what do you want to do tonight？
M：I plan to stay at home and watch TV.
W：How about going to the cinema？ There’s a great movie on now named Men in Black： International. I heard it’s well received.
M：What kind of movie is it？ An action movie， a horror movie or a comedy？
W：The first kind.
M：Oh， it sounds good. I’ll go with you.
W：Great. By the way， how will we get there？
M：The cinema is in the city centre. It’s easy to get there by bus or by taxi.
W：That’s true， but I guess taking a subway may be the best choice to avoid the heavy traffic.
M：I couldn’t agree more.
（Text 9）
W：Ted， your mom’s birthday is around the corner.
M：Goodness me！ I’ve almost forgotten it.I haven’t prepared a present yet.
W：Really？
M：Yes，but don’t worry， Grandma.I’ve got an idea now.I think I can get a red handbag for Mom.
W：Why do you decide to buy a handbag for her？
M：I saw her reading a magazine last Sunday.She stared at the picture of that handbag for quite a while.I’m sure she’ll love it.
W：Oh， you are such a caring boy.
M：Will Dad come back in time for Mom’s birthday？
W：I don’t think so. He’s still attending a meeting in New York City.It won’t be over until this Saturday.But your mother’s birthday is right on this Friday.
M：I’m afraid Mom will be disappointed.
W：But I believe your father has already prepared a surprise for her.OK.It’s late.Time to go to bed.
M：OK， good night.
（Text 10）
M：Good evening， everyone. Tonight I’ll recommend a children’s book called Hiznobyuti.The book was written by Claude Ponti.It is about a boy named Hiznobyuti.He is not good-looking.His parents and brothers and sisters always say， “He’s no beauty！”They say it so often that Hiznobyuti thinks it is his name.Wherever he goes， only embarrassment and shame await him. Later， Hiznobyuti hides himself away， working on his inventions， until one day he receives a message from the stars. After a fight with his family， Hiznobyuti decides to run away. During a beautiful adventure， he learns the secrets of the universe： how to communicate with trees and birds， how to wake up the sun， and how to see himself for who he truly is！ When he returns from his journey， Hiznobyuti’s family apologises for not understanding him. The book costs $16.79.It is suitable for children aged from 5 to 9. Altogether there are 35 pages. That’s all for tonight’s program. Thank you for your listening.
　　
第二部分　阅读（共两节，满分50分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
　　阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Visit the Town Green Community
Garden during Earth Week
　　As part of Windsor’s Earth Day activities， the Windsor Garden Club is offering open hours and gardening tips at the Town Green Community Garden.Open Garden hours for visitors will be from noon to 3 p.m.daily the week of Tuesday， 22 April through Sunday， 27 April.
　　The Windsor Garden Club is hoping to recruit （招募） 100 Windsor families to plant milkweed in their yards to make the town a safe place for the endangered Monarch Butterfly to stay， eat， and lay eggs.
　　Windsor Garden Club will give out free milkweed plant starts to families with coupons （赠券） available at the Healdsburg Library.Those without a coupon are welcome to buy milkweed starts for $3 each.
　　The 11-year-old community garden is organic （有机的） and beds are open for rental by Windsor residents.The garden is certified as a butterfly sanctuary （保护区）， features garden art by local artists， and is a site for classes and presentations by the UC Master Gardeners of Sonoma County.It is also a hands-on lab for the Windsor High School Bridges Program.Special-needs students in the program are in the garden weekly， planting， tending and harvesting vegetables and herbs for the Food Bank.
　　A reminder： Please wear shoes that are good for walking in dirt.No pets are allowed inside the garden.There are no restrooms there， and no water is available — please bring water if you think you’ll need some during your visit.
语篇解读：本文是一篇应用文。温莎市为庆祝地球日，提供了参观市区绿色社区花园的机会。
21.What will the 100 Windsor families do？（　　）
A.Plant milkweed.
B.Collect vegetables.
C.Share gardening tips.
D.Take care of butterflies.
解析：A　细节理解题。根据第二段可知，招募的一百个温莎家庭是要种植马利筋（一种北美常见植物），以此保护濒危的帝王蝶。
22.What do we know about the Town Green Community Garden？（　　）
A.It is open every day.
B.It can be used for education.
C.It only allows those with coupons in.
D.It is in the charge of Windsor residents.
解析：B　推理判断题。根据第四段第二至四句可知，Town Green Community Garden可以被用于教育活动。
23.What are visitors advised to do？（　　）
A.Leave pets alone.
B.Avoid bringing water.
C.Wear appropriate shoes.
D.Make reservations in advance.
解析：C　细节理解题。根据A reminder部分第一句可知，参观者被建议穿合适的鞋子。
B
　　A tiny school in western New South Wales is eyeing the skies hoping for dry weather so it can harvest its first wheat crop.
　　Seven students from kindergarten to year six attend Hermidale Public School， more than 600 kilometres west of Sydney.Each day they spend part of their school time outside tending the 85-hectare crop.
　　The land was donated by a former student.Fifty years ago young Craig Grimmond often looked out the school window at a bare paddock （荒芜的田地） that neighboured the school.Now he owns the land and kindly donated it to the students for their project.
　　People asked，“Why would you donate that whole block to them？” He said，“I hardly use it and it’s going to be better for me in the long run because it’ll be cleaned up and will save me a job down the track.”
　　Principal Skye Dedman said the school community felt very lucky.They took this opportunity for the students.The students’ crop is a reality that seemed almost impossible three years ago.Ms Dedman said there were days students were forced to stay indoors because of huge dust storms.Their school and their community really felt the threat of the drought.
　　The students have had the use of the land for three years.During the three years， the tiny community has dealt with a mouse plague （鼠疫） and flooding.The whole community has thrown its support behind the project， including farmer and parent Darren Mudford.
　　“We’ve sown （播种） wheat this year and it would be nice if we got two， two-and-a-half tonne to the hectare， which is not a bad effort，” he said.“It’s much better than a cake sale.”
　　The students’ wheat crop is expected to raise up to $50，000.The money will then be used to send the students on trips around the country.They are hoping to go to Newcastle later this year to see their wheat being loaded at the port.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。澳大利亚新南威尔士州的七位小朋友即将收割他们的第一批小麦。
24.Why did Craig Grimmond donate the paddock to the school？（　　）
A.It saved him from taking care of the paddock.
B.It was his promise to his former teachers.
C.The paddock was too far away from him.
D.He didn’t have money to run the paddock.
解析：A　细节理解题。根据第四段中Craig Grimmond所说的话可知，他把这块地捐给学校，因为他几乎不用这块地，捐给学校后也省去了他管理上的麻烦。
25.What made the students’ crop impossible three years ago？（　　）
A.Their lack of confidence.
B.The terrible dry weather.
C.Little community support.
D.Their poor planting technology.
解析：B　细节理解题。根据第五段最后两句可知，三年前，由于天气干旱，种小麦是一件不可能的事情。
26.What was Darren Mudford’s attitude to the students’ wheat harvest？（　　）
A.Worried. B.Regretful.
C.Hopeful. D.Satisified.
解析：C　观点态度题。根据倒数第二段中Darren Mudford所说的话可知，他对这几个孩子所种的小麦的收成充满期望。
27.What will the students’ income be used for？（　　）
A.Opening a cake store.
B.Paying for their travels.
C.Enlarging the planting areas.
D.Repaying the school community.
解析：B　细节理解题。根据最后一段第二句可知，这些小麦的收入将用于支付这几个孩子在国内旅行的费用。
C
　　Pack4Good， a campaign （活动） by Canopy， is one of the fastest growing corporate responsibility platforms in America for ensuring paper packaging is not coming from ancient， endangered， or valuable forests.
　　Canopy’s work in examining supply chains and providing recycled or sustainable （可持续的） packaging solutions has attracted 750 brands （品牌） across all its campaigns， including e-commerce company Amazon， fashion empires like Gap， Marks and Spencer， and others， and publishing and media firms like Mansfield Press， Penguin， and the New York Times.
　　Only 18 months since the launch of Pack4Good， the campaign has welcomed 29 new brands from food and drink products to the printing， fashion， and e-commerce industries.
　　“The companies that are joining Pack4Good are the out of the box thinkers we need — leaders ready to change paper packaging supply chains and find more solutions to save forests and our planet，” stated Nicole Rycroft， the founder of Canopy.“We have so many solutions just waiting to be carried out； it’s time to actually put them into practice.”
　　Pack4Good’s selection of solutions for companies looking to reduce their forest impact are varied.They help connect companies to providers of pulp （纸浆） material like rice and wheat straw that can be turned into packaging， while their stamp of approval （认可标志） — Ancient Forest Friendly — represents the highest ecological qualities in the paper industry， and that the approved material has no endangered， controlled， or ancient wood.
　　90 million tons of rice straw is burned every year in India， which in the fields surrounding Delhi accounts for 40% of the air pollution in the city area.Canopy wants to take that rice straw and put it in the hands of recycled-paper plants， flooding the market with supply and adding a little more income to farmers.
　　Pack4Good say these solutions are everywhere； it’s just a matter of helping business get started down the road to sustainable paper packaging supply chains.
　　As more companies look for ways to reduce their impact on the world environment， it’s up to groups like Canopy to ensure their energy is directed.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一个旨在保护森林和世界环境的活动。
28.What is Paragraph 2 mainly about？（　　）
A.The impact of Canopy.
B.The history of Canopy.
C.The culture of Canopy.
D.The purpose of Canopy.
解析：A　段落大意题。第二段指出，Canopy开展的各项活动吸引了750个品牌的参与，随后列举了几个有名的品牌。由此可知，本段主要介绍了Canopy的巨大影响力。
29.What does Nicole Rycroft say about the companies joining Pack4Good？（　　）
A.They promote simple packaging.
B.They provide solutions to pollution.
C.They are leading brands in the world.
D.They are pioneers in forest protection.
解析：D　推理判断题。根据第四段中Nicole Rycroft所说的The companies that are joining Pack4Good are the out of ...to save forests and our planet可知，她认为加入Pack4Good的公司都是不墨守成规的思考者，是准备改变包装纸供应链并找到更多解决方案来拯救森林和地球的领导者。由此推知，她认为这些公司都是保护森林的倡导者。
30.Which of the following can best describe the solution to the problem in India？（　　）
A.It is a win-win.
B.It is a great challenge.
C.It is suitable worldwide.
D.It is expensive but worthy.
解析：A　推理判断题。根据第六段内容可知，在印度，每年有9000万吨稻草被焚烧，这造成了严重的空气污染。Canopy的解决办法是把这些稻草作为原料交给再生纸工厂，既保护了环境，也能为农民增加一点收入。由此推知，该解决办法是双赢的。
31.What is the author’s attitude to Canopy？（　　）
A.Curious. B.Doubtful.
C.Approving. D.Uncertain.
解析：C　观点态度题。根据文中对Canopy及其开展的活动Pack4Good的介绍，并结合最后一段内容可知，作者认为需要像Canopy这样的组织来引导更多的公司减少对世界环境的影响。由此推断，作者对Canopy所做的事表示赞许。
D
　　In a low-light Culver City， California， control room， Lily Shaw is getting her pilot mood on.Her Xbox controller stands ready to command her computer.Shaw is set for her task： piloting an order of food along Santa Monica sidewalks to a hungry customer.
　　Shaw’s job at delivery start-up Coco shows a little-known fact about the delivery robot industry.For all their AI and other advanced technology， such sidewalk robots — suddenly all over certain neighbourhoods and college campuses — are backed by armies of human watchers who track the last-mile delivery vehicles the way parents watch over babies taking their first steps.These behind-the-scenes workers monitor， drive and — when things go terribly wrong — may ride a bike to complete the delivery themselves.
　　California has become a proving ground for several sidewalk delivery robot start-ups like Coco.A recent partnership between Coco and Segway is promising to unleash thousands of pink vehicles in many cities.Another California start-up， Kiwibot， also employs remote vehicle operators， while San Francisco-based Starship Technologies has designed its sidewalk delivery robots to move along on their own but with employees tracking every move by computer screen.
　　“There’s a huge demand for delivery to people’s homes.Unfortunately there is a shortage of drivers for most types of delivery，” says Satyandra K.Gupta， director of USC’s Center for Advanced Manufacturing.
　　“The demand for drivers cannot be met at a cost that businesses are willing to pay.So the only real option is delivery by robots，” Gupta says.
　　“One of the key benefits is speed， as we are able to send the food out to our nearby customers in the Coco robots as soon as the order is ready and not wait for drivers to arrive，” says Dan Londono， owner of a Santa Monica restaurant.
　　Shaw likes the fact that it’s a job she can do from anywhere.The pay is also enough to be comfortable， especially for a student.
　　“That’s really nice，” she says.“My parents are pleased that I’m earning money doing this.”
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了不断壮大的送餐机器人大军背后的秘密。
32.Which of the following best describes Shaw’s job？（　　）
A.Designing sidewalk robots.
B.Repairing delivery vehicles.
C.Ordering food for customers.
D.Driving food delivery robots.
解析：D　细节理解题。根据第一段内容和第二段首句可知，Shaw的工作是操控送餐机器人。
33.What does the underlined word “unleash” in Paragraph 3 mean？（　　）
A.Wait for. B.Send out.
C.Give up. D.Call back.
解析：B　词义猜测题。画线词所在段落旨在介绍加利福尼亚州已经成为一些人行道配送机器人新创公司的试验场。根据本段中的Kiwibot， also employs remote vehicle operators和Starship Technologies has designed its sidewalk delivery robots可知，Coco和Segway合作的目的应该与上述两家公司类似，在许多城市投放使用配送机器人。由此推知，unleash意为“派送；投放”，与send out意思相近。
34.What do Gupta’s words mainly explain？（　　）
A.Why delivery robots cost so much.
B.Why delivery robots are much needed.
C.Why the food delivery industry is popular.
D.Why the delivery service gets little attention.
解析：B　推理判断题。根据第四、五段中Gupta所说的话可知，人们对送货到家有很大需求，但大多数类型的配送服务都缺少司机，因为司机的需求无法以企业愿意支付的成本来满足，因此，解决这个问题的唯一办法就是用机器人送货。由此推知，Gupta说的话解释了为什么配送机器人的需求量大。
35.What does Shaw think of her job at Coco？（　　）
A.It’s an unattractive job.
B.It’s a highly respected job.
C.It’s a challenging full-time job.
D.It’s a flexible and well-paid job.
解析：D　推理判断题。根据最后两段中的it’s a job she can do from anywhere.The pay is also enough to be comfortable和I’m earning money可知，Shaw的这份操控送餐机器人的工作可以在任何地方完成，比较灵活，并且收入也不错。
第二节（共5小题； 每小题2.5分， 满分12.5分）
　　阅读下面短文， 从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
　　4 Mistakes to Avoid in Your 20s
　　Your 20s are such a fun time in your life， but it’s also extremely challenging as you are entering the “real” world.There are a lot of things that are brand new.36.（　　）.Mistakes will be made， but we’ve shared some helpful mistakes to avoid.
Not exploring different career paths
　　Your first job， and likely your second， will probably not be your forever career.37.（　　）.Your 20s are the best years to explore different jobs to discover what your true strengths and passions are before settling on a single career path.
Not starting healthy habits now
　　You get only one body.Starting and maintaining a healthy lifestyle early on will dramatically improve the quality of your life as you age.38.（　　）.It could be dancing， playing soccer， hiking， etc.Finding a balanced approach to food is also crucial.I like to take a balanced 80/20 approach， where during weekdays I eat very clean， and on weekends I allow myself that slice of cake.
Racking up （积累） tons of credit card debts
　　It CRUSHES me that schools don’t teach you about credit cards.Credit cards attract people with the promise of rewards and free vacations to tourist attractions.39.（　　）.Personally， I chose not to open a credit card until I was 25 to avoid getting into massive credit card debts.
40.（　　）
　　You’re starting a new stage of your life， and a valuable thing you can do for the future is to be a sponge （海绵） and soak up （吸收） as much information as possible.Everyone you interact with has something valuable to teach you and take advantage of all this knowledge.
A.And that’s totally normal
B.Not building life-long connections
C.Not learning from everyone around you
D.Find hobbies that keep you physically active and mentally sharp
E.You’ll likely be getting your first “adult” job and potentially moving to a new city
F.When you ask most people of any age what their greatest stresses are， money is always up top
G.But they are also the easiest way to put yourself in a hole that will take years to dig yourself out of
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了二十多岁应该避免的几个误区。
36.E　上文谈到当你二十多岁开始新生活时，很多东西是全新的。空处应承接上文加以举例说明：比如，你可能会得到你的第一份“成人”工作，有可能搬到新城市。E项中的first和new呼应上一句中的brand new。
37.A　上句谈到你的第一份、第二份工作可能都不是你最终的工作，这完全正常；下句进一步解释了空前一句的内容，在选择自己唯一的道路之前，二十多岁是探索不同工作、发现自己真正优势和激情的最佳年龄。由此推断，空处应承接上句内容。A项中的that指代上句内容。
38.D　根据空处位置判断，空处和下文Finding a balanced approach to food is also crucial.之间为并列关系，分别从两个方面谈了如何培养健康习惯。由此推断，空处应谈培养健康习惯的重要性。空后一句中的dancing， playing soccer， hiking是D项中hobbies的具体形式。
39.G　空前一句讲了信用卡提供的好处；空后一句讲了作者自己在二十五岁之前不会办信用卡。由此推断，空处和上句之间为转折关系，应谈及信用卡的弊端。G项中的they指代上句中的Credit cards。
40.C　空处作小标题，概括下面一段的内容。下文主要谈了在二十多岁时有必要像海绵一样吸收新知识，强调了在生活中积极向身边的人学习的重要性。下文中的Everyone you interact with和C项中的everyone around you构成同义复现。
第三部分　语言运用（共两节，满分30分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
　　阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
　　Science is not new to the idea of controversy （争论） and fraud （欺骗）.The history of the exploration of the North Pole is a case of this 　41　.
　　The two main players in this story are Robert Peary and Dr Frederick Cook.Both men 　42　 their expeditions （探险） to the North Pole in the early 1900s.However， the question of who reached the North Pole first， if either， is still 　43　.
　　　44　 Dr Cook， he reached the North Pole on 21 April 1908.His claim is recorded in his diary.Cook was then 　45　 in the Arctic for almost a year.
　　　46　， Robert Peary was also trying to reach the North Pole.He 　47　 to have arrived there on 6 April 1909， almost a year after Cook.However， Peary believed Cook to be dead， making him the 　48　 man to reach the Pole.In September 1909， both men managed to make it back to civilization and， within days of each other， telegraphed （电告） their 　49　 claims to the newspapers.
　　Controversy followed when Peary charged Cook with being 　50　， claiming that he had no 　51　 evidence to support his claim as the first man to reach the North Pole.
　　Who was the first man to 　52　 the North Pole？ For many years， Peary’s supporters， 　53　 by National Geographic magazine， had the upper hand.However， new scholarship suggests that both 　54　 faked （伪造） their claims.In other words， neither of them reached the Pole.The 　55　 answer to this question has yet to be found.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了有关“谁第一个抵达北极”这一有争议的历史问题。
41.A.culture B.test
C.nature D.theory
解析：C　第一段引出下文内容，科学界常会出现争论和欺骗，而对北极探索的这段历史同样有这个性质。
42.A.insisted B.recorded
C.began D.ended
解析：C　根据第三段首句中的he reached the North Pole on 21 April 1908和第四段首句中的Robert Peary was also trying to reach the North Pole可知，Robert Peary和Dr Frederick Cook都是在二十世纪初开始北极探险的。
43.A.ignored B.solved
C.created D.debated
解析：D　根据文章最后一段可知，谁先到达北极这个问题至今依旧被人们议论，没有定论。
44.A.According to B.In relation to
C.In addition to D.Because of
解析：A　根据下句His claim is recorded in his diary.可知，Dr Cook曾在日记中记录着自己是在1908年4月21日到达北极的。
45.A.injured B.lost
C.self-absorbed D.well-known
解析：B　根据下段中However，Peary believed Cook to be dead ...In September 1909， both men managed to make it back to civilization可知，当时，Cook在北极失踪了将近一年。
46.A.Now and then B.Otherwise
C.Therefore D.At the same time
解析：D　同时，Robert Peary也在努力抵达北极，而且声称在1909年4月6日到达了那里。
47.A.pretended B.claimed
C.expected D.agreed
解析：B　参见上题解析。
48.A.other B.next
C.first D.ideal
解析：C　根据空前的Peary believed Cook to be dead可知，Peary认为Cook当时已经离世，他觉得自己成了第一个抵达北极的人。
49.A.conflicting B.original
C.touching D.false
解析：A　根据上段中 　44　 Dr.Cook， he reached the North Pole on 21 April 1908和本段首句中Robert Peary ...have arrived there on 6 April 1909可知，1909年9月，这两个人都给报纸发电报说自己是第一个抵达北极的人，他们的陈述是有冲突的。
50.A.unfortunate B.disappointed
C.unhurt D.dishonest
解析：D　根据上段中Peary believed Cook to be dead可知，Peary认为Cook是不诚实的，因为他没有令人信服的证明来说明他是第一个抵达北极的人。
51.A.well-chosen B.convincing
C.newly-collected D.historical
解析：B　参见上题解析。
52.A.reach B.discover
C.occupy D.describe
解析：A　“那么，到底谁才是第一个抵达北极的人呢”，这个问题是文章的核心。
53.A.given B.backed
C.reported D.required
解析：B　根据后半句had the upper hand可知，支持“Peary是第一个抵达北极”这一观点的人们的依据是《国家地理》杂志。
54.A.scientists B.judges
C.journalists D.explorers
解析：D　根据上文语境可知，Robert Peary和Dr Frederick Cook都是探险家。
55.A.final B.quick
C.unique D.positive
解析：A　根据上句In other words， neither of them reached the Pole.可知，到底谁最先抵达北极，这个问题至今没有定论。
第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
　　阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
　　Rubbish belongs in rubbish bins — a statement we probably all agree on.56.　　　　　　（sad）， beautiful places， such as forest trails， meant for everyone’s enjoyment， end up being littered 57.　　　　　　 plastic bags， empty bottles， and lots of unexpected items.To help clean up some of Stuttgart’s public forest trails， six of our team 58.　　　　　　 （member） recently spent a sunny afternoon 59.　　　　　　 （pick） up all kinds of rubbish.
　　Shortly after our forest clean-up team gathered at the trailhead in Stuttgart South， it 60.　　　　　　 （become） obvious that finding rubbish wouldn’t be a problem.As soon 61.　　　　　　 we started looking for rubbish， it seemed as if it was everywhere.
　　Even though some of these items were 62.　　　　　　 （locate） in difficult terrain （地带）， I didn’t shy away from going through bushes 63.　　　　　　 （collect） every piece of man-made rubbish I could find.As it turned out， all this effort got pretty tiring， at least in comparison to a normal busy workday.
　　At 64.　　　　　　 end of the day， we were able to collect over six big， heavy bags of rubbish.While I might have been 65.　　　　　　 （tired） than others， I felt good about volunteering to make our local trails a more enjoyable place for everyone.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。作者一行六人进行了一场森林清理活动。
56.Sadly　考查词形转换。设空处作状语，修饰整句，应用副词，又因位于句首。故填Sadly。
57.with　考查介词。be littered with使遍布（一般指不好的东西）。
58.members　考查名词复数。member意为“成员”，是可数名词，与team连用表示“队友”，根据空前的six of可知，此处表示复数意义。故填members。
59.picking　考查非谓语动词。spend ...doing sth花（时间等）做某事。
60.became　考查动词的时态。根据语境可知，此处描述发生在过去的事情，应用一般过去时。故填became。
61.as　考查连词。as soon as 一……就……，为固定搭配。
62.located　考查词形转换。设空处作表语，意为“位于”，应用形容词。故填located。
63.to collect　考查非谓语动词。设空处作状语，表示目的。故填to collect。
64.the　考查冠词。at the end of ...在……结束时。
65.more tired　考查形容词的比较级。根据空后的than others可知，此处表示比较含义，结合语境“‘我’穿过灌木丛去捡‘我’能发现的每一个垃圾”可知，“我”有可能比别人更累。故填more tired。
第四部分　写作（共两节，满分40分）
第一节（满分15分）
　　假定你是星光中学的学生李华，你将代表学校参加主题为Actions for Greener Earth的英语演讲比赛。请你撰写一篇演讲稿，内容包括：
　　1.目前我们生存的地球所面临的环境问题，比如野生动物的栖息地骤减等；
　　2.人们为绿色地球可以采取的行动：为野生动植物建立自然保护区、倡导绿色出行等。
注意：1.写作词数应为80左右；
2.请按如下格式作答。
Ladies and gentlemen，
　　Good afternoon！ I am Li Hua from Xingguang Middle School. The topic of my speech is “Actions for Greener Earth”.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　Thank you！
参考范文：
Ladies and gentlemen，
　　Good afternoon！ I am Li Hua from Xingguang Middle School. The topic of my speech is “Actions for Greener Earth”.
　　There are still many problems of environment pollution. For example， the habitat of wild animals is on the decrease， causing the extinction of rare species. Therefore， we should join in the actions for greener Earth.
　　First of all， we’d better raise people’s awareness of environmental protection. For instance，a substantial number of nature reserves can be set up for the conservation of wildlife. What’s more， I regard it as my duty to help keep our environment clean and beautiful.
　　Finally， on behalf of students in our school， I call on people to save the limited natural resources， which we rely on for living.
　　Thank you！
第二节（满分25分）
　　阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
　　I had just poured my second cup of tea that morning and sat down to read the paper.From somewhere， an inner voice said， “Go and see Jeff and bring him the chair to repair.Go right now.”
　　It was such a strong impulse （冲动） that I hurriedly dressed and lugged （用力拖） a dining-room chair to his door.Jeff was a neighbour who had lost his wife a while back， and he occasionally did minor repairs for me on furniture because he enjoyed working with his hands.
　　I knocked on his door and waited a while.I was about to walk away when he answered.He looked like he was far away in his thoughts.I felt awkward about disturbing him so early.I greeted him and then asked if he could repair my chair.He invited me inside.We sat in his living room.He looked depressed and not his usual self.He said he had had a stroke （中风） recently， and while he was home now， he still needed to attend outpatient physical therapy （门诊理疗）.He had to build his strength back up.I apologized for the chair and told him， under the circumstances， I would just bring it back home.He said to leave it.
　　We talked for a while.It had scared him to be in the hospital.He hadn’t been there since his wife had died.Having worked as a mental health therapist， I listened to how hard it had been since his wife passed away and how much worse it was now since the stroke.The longer we talked， the more I saw his mood lighten.
　　We even started talking about his diet and how he had not been eating.He said the dietician had told him to eat more fruits and vegetables， but he didn’t care for them.Mostly， I was concerned because he was not eating much at all.I stayed talking with him until I saw his mood lift and the tension leave his face.
注意：1.续写词数应为150左右；
2.请按如下格式作答。
After I left his home， I went to the grocery store and gathered ingredients.　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
The next time I saw him， he said the dish was wonderful.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
参考范文：
　　After I left his home， I went to the grocery store and gathered ingredients.I made him a hot meal， which I thought would lift his spirits.Carefully， I cut up some vegetables and prepared a dish for him.I believed it was the best dish I’d ever made.Then， I made some home-made biscuits and prepared fresh fruit for dessert.I dropped it off for him.He was delighted that someone cared.Emotionally， he seemed in a better place.
　　The next time I saw him， he said the dish was wonderful.Though I am usually skeptical of praise， I understood because I’d made it with love.He talked of his next physical-therapy appointment.I made sure he had transportation； I would gladly have driven him， but he had figured it out.What’s more， he repaired my chair.He said it gave him a reason to get his strength back.He had returned to his usual self， and his confidence had returned.I was so thankful for the inner voice that directed me to see him that morning.
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