【培优方案】UNIT 4　Scientists who changed the world（课时跟踪检测）（学生版）译林英语必修第三册

课时跟踪检测部分
UNIT 1　Nature in the balance
Section Ⅰ　Welcome to the unit & Reading
基础知识自测
维度一
1.overseas　2.millions　3.region　4.varieties　5.damage　6.oxygen　7.masses　8.extinction　9.towering　10.species
维度二
1.harmful　2.extinction　3.massive　4.regional
5.disappearance　6.agricultural　7.living　8.varieties
9.length　10.survivors
维度三
1.Lots of homework to do
2.is difficult to break down
3.for which he apologised to us
4.lies a small village
5.While the students came from different countries
6.In the past five to ten years； have become
维度四
1.the　2.is got　3.With 　4.providing　5.living　6.down
7.nutrients　8.known　9.disappearance/disappearing
10.to damage
素养能力提升
Ⅰ.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。道格拉斯·索恩从小就热爱动物，长大后，他开始从事动物救援工作。
1.C　细节理解题。根据第一段中After he grew up ...filming the great white sharks off the coast of Santa Cruz， California.可知，当时拍摄大白鲨是道格拉斯·索恩工作的一部分。
2.D　细节理解题。根据第二段中The camera uses heat to look for the animals at night.可知，在晚上的时候，使用特殊的摄像机寻找动物靠的是它们散发出来的热量，所以动物的体温是夜晚救援工作的关键。
3.A　推理判断题。根据第三段中Nobody claimed him after 30 days so I adopted him， and he’s a super wonderful dog可知，索恩收养了他救助的第一只狗。由此推断，他们现在生活在一起。
4.B　词义猜测题。根据画线词后的burned down a number of houses可推断，应是可怕的大火摧毁了澳大利亚部分地区，ravage意为“毁坏，破坏”，与destroy的意思最接近。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。在过去的三十年间，一个名为Friends of Trees的公益性组织种植了大量的行道树。一项新的研究表明，行道树与降低死亡率有关。
5.D　细节理解题。根据第二段中Between 1990 and 2020， Friends of Trees planted 49，246 street trees.可知，Friends of Trees花了大约30年的时间种植了49246棵行道树。
6.C　细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句和第四段第二句可知，树龄较长的树木对公众健康的贡献更大。
7.C　推理判断题。根据最后一段多诺万所说的话可知，种行道树成了延长城市居民寿命的有效方法，所以多诺万提倡种更多的行道树。
8.B　推理判断题。文章第一段介绍一项新的研究表明，每种植一棵树，就能大大减少非意外死亡和因心血管疾病死亡的人数；结合第二段第一句、第三段第一句和第四段内容可推知，作者主要是通过陈述研究结果来展开文章主题的。
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了青年Jibin骑车环游印度的故事。
9.C　推理判断题。根据第一段可知，Jibin在24岁时决定边工作边旅行，结合第二段中的For as long as I can remember， I’ve been into travelling.和when I became a teenager， an all-India trip was always my dream可知，他在24岁时最可能对环游全国感兴趣。be into sth对某事物很有兴趣，非常喜欢某事物。
10.A　细节理解题。根据第四段第一句可知，在一些地区，几乎没有食品摊，即Jibin几乎没有竞争对手，因此他的生意立即取得了成功。本段中的rupee是印度的货币单位“卢比”。
11.C　推理判断题。根据第五段中Jibin所说的话可知，虽然食品摊的收入还可以，但更重要的是人们的友善才使得他踏上了梦想之旅。由此可推知，沿途陌生人的友善给他留下了深刻的印象。
12.B　细节理解题。根据倒数第二段第一句可知，通常的骑手每天要骑行几百公里，而Jibin找到一个目的地，就在那里待上几天，了解那里的人和文化，即Jibin更喜欢感受各地的风俗而不是长时间骑车。
Ⅱ.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。落叶是大自然自我更新的方式，为了保护环境，请不要随意把院子里的落叶装进袋子。
13.B　上文提到许多动物依靠落叶生存，下文提到把落叶装进袋子的行为可能会导致鸟类死亡，设空处应该与鸟类生存和落叶之间的关系有关。B项（鸟类以生活在落叶中的昆虫为食）与下文内容形成因果关系。bag此处作动词，意为“把……装进袋子”。
14.F　根据语境可知，设空处起承上启下作用，既解释落叶如何让大自然进行自我更新，又引出下文提到的没有落叶的后果。F项（落叶为春天生长的植物所需的土壤提供了养分）中的nutrients与下文中的nutrients为原词复现。
15.C　上文提到落叶会堵塞河流，影响水源的水质，C项与上句It will influence water quality in rivers and streams.形成并列关系，解释了落叶带来的负面影响，其中water sources呼应上文中的rivers and streams，It与上句中的It均指代上文提到的“水源被堵塞最终回流到街道”这一情况。
16.G　根据上文内容可知，作者认为把落叶装进袋子并不是问题，重要的是我们如何处理落叶；下文提到处理落叶的方法：切碎树叶让其快速分解、把树叶混入到花圃中。由此推断，本段旨在介绍不把落叶装进袋子也可以维持花园干净的方法，G项中的bagging leaves呼应上文中的bagging leaves。
17.E　作者在本段呼吁大家养成环保的习惯，并指出不把落叶装进袋子带来的好处。E项与上文中的protect the natural habitats of lots of animals形成并列关系，其中的bags呼应上文中的bagging。
Section Ⅱ　Grammar and usage
基础知识自测
维度一
1.you were talking to　2.don’t know who　3.Although hard-working　4.than necessary
维度二
1.but few good ones　2.she treats her students　3.doesn’t know how to　4.asked by the police not to　5.as he used to
维度三
1.I was　2.where one is　3.throw it anywhere I want　4.we
5.they are
素养能力提升
Ⅰ.
语篇解读：本文是一篇新闻报道。圣迭戈动物园孵化了41只印度小头鳖，动物园园长金·格雷一直致力于保护这一物种。
1.B　细节理解题。根据第二段中Kim Gray所说的话可知，印度小头鳖的成功繁殖标志着在海龟保护方面取得了突破。
2.C　细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句可知，海龟蛋难找的原因是海龟会在上面盖上泥土。
3.D　段落大意题。根据第四段中的Environmental pollution， habitat destruction ...led to the species’ reduction over the years.可知，本段主要讲述的是这种海龟濒危的原因。
4.B　推理判断题。通读全文可知，圣迭戈动物园孵化了41只印度小头鳖，在海龟保护方面取得了重大突破。根据最后一段可知，通过照顾这一濒危物种，他们对其有了更好的了解。由此推断，对本文最感兴趣的人应该是动物学家。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了由联合国环境规划署宣布的一项新倡议——“运用自然的力量使城市降温”，并以卡塔尔为例介绍了这种方法的实用性。
5.A　细节理解题。根据第二段第一句可知，联合国环境规划署宣布的新倡议的目的是用大自然的力量给城市降温。
6.A　词义猜测题。根据第三段第一句可知，世界各地夏天特别热的城市正采取各种降温措施，所以第二句，即画线词所在句应表明这些措施的结果：所有这些措施都起到了给城市降温的作用，在实施这些措施的地区，地表温度降低了2℃到3℃，mitigating与reducing意思相近，均有“减少”之意。
7.D　细节理解题。根据第四段中的Unlike conventional asphalt ...the so-called “cool pavement” reflects UV rays and absorbs solar radiation to a lesser extent， contributing to overall temperature reduction in a greener way.可知，与传统的沥青相比，“凉爽路面”这个项目的材料吸收较少的太阳辐射，还能反射紫外线，从而降低了整体温度。
8.B　细节理解题。根据最后一段可知，希拉强调了各国政府、私营企业、专家和从业人员在国内和国际上的合作。
Ⅱ.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了森林带来的五个好处。
9.E　根据本部分小标题可知，森林提供给我们必要的资源。上文指出我们生活中的很多物品都由木材制成，并且木材在世界上很多地方也是建造房屋的基本材料。E项（更不用说，许多家庭使用木材来取暖）与上文形成递进关系，符合语境。
10.G　根据本部分小标题及下文内容可知，森林提供给我们食物和营养。G项（对许多农村社区来说，森林就是他们街区的“杂货店”）符合语境。
11.A　根据下文内容可知，森林为全世界数百万人创造收入，因为很多工作都与森林资源相关。A项中的support jobs呼应下文中的provide income，且jobs与下文中的jobs为原词复现。故A项适合作本段小标题。
12.F　根据本部分小标题可知，森林保护我们免受自然灾害。上文指出树木和其他植物通过稳固土壤和减少雨水对地面的影响来帮助防止滑坡。由此推断，设空处应该与森林有助于抵抗自然灾害相关。F项符合语境。下文中的they指代F项中的forests along the coastline。
13.D　根据本部分小标题可知，森林是休闲娱乐的场所。下文指出森林是游客探索和冒险的理想之地。D项（森林也是乐趣、刺激和灵感的源泉）符合语境。
Ⅲ.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。小时候的Howard是一个控制不住情绪、不服管教的孩子，老师的爱让他成长为一名优秀的学生。
14.B　根据第一段中的He easily became angry和he was unwilling to obey以及最后一段首句中的the badly-behaved student可知，Howard是个爱制造麻烦的孩子，他很容易发怒，经常破坏东西。
15.A　参见上题解析。
16.C　根据第一段最后一句和空前的but可知，Howard不服管束，Rogers和其他老师想办法管教他，但是彻底失败了。
17.D　根据最后一段中they always love him以及尾句可知，最终改变了Howard的不是从书上学到的东西，而是来自很多人的爱。
18.A　参见上题解析。
19.B　根据have teachers who care so much about me可知，有老师这么关心她，他感到很幸运。
20.D　根据and可知，空处应和care为相同感彩的词，support（支持）符合语境。
21.A　根据本段中he started mentoring、Christian Scates， 5和When I get mad可知，Howard开始指导那些像童年的他一样不好管理的小孩子。
22.C　根据文章首句和空前的at the school where his schooling可知，Howard四岁时在这所学校开始接受教育，目前他在该校指导这些小孩。
23.B　根据空后两句可知，五岁的Christian Scates把Howard当成自己最好的朋友，当他情绪失控时，Howard教他如何冷静下来，这也表明Howard对小孩子的指导取得了成功，他在那里的努力已经得到了回报。
24.D　参见上题解析。
25.A　根据句中in the same hallways where she used to chase him down as a child和尾句中Rogers took a photo of Howard with her可知，Rogers老师碰巧在同一个走廊里遇到了Howard，她曾在那里追赶孩提时代的Howard。
26.B　根据上段中的Christian Scates， 5， said， “Howard is my best friend.When I get mad， he teaches me how to get 　24　.”可知，今天，有很多孩子在那里（指同样的走廊里）对他很尊敬。
27.C　根据第二段内容可知，Rogers老师和她的同事从未放弃过这个表现不好的学生（指Howard）。
28.D　根据they always love him以及Rogers所说的话可知，老师们努力让Howard知道他们永远是爱他的。
Ⅳ.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。澳大利亚为濒危的海马修建水下酒店，旨在增加海马的数量和重建它们的栖息地。
29.to survive　考查非谓语动词。struggle to do sth努力做某事。
30.designed　考查非谓语动词。设空处作后置定语，修饰名词project，且design与project之间是逻辑上的动宾关系。故填designed。
31.were attracted　考查动词的时态和语态。根据语境可知，设空处描述发生在过去的事情，应用一般过去时，又因主语Seahorses与attract之间是被动关系。故填were attracted。
32.to　考查介词。be home to ...是……的栖息地。
33.helping　考查非谓语动词。a helping hand帮忙。
34.that/which　考查关系代词。设空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词cages，且在从句中作主语。故填that/which。
35.successful　考查词形转换。设空处作定语，修饰groups，意为“成功的”，用形容词。故填successful。
36.concerns　考查名词复数。concern意为“令人担忧的事”时，是可数名词，因设空处前有a few修饰，此处表示复数意义。故填concerns。
37.the　考查冠词。in the wild在野生环境中。
38.Hopefully　考查词形转换。设空处作状语，修饰整个句子，应用副词，又因位于句首。故填Hopefully。
Section Ⅲ　Integrated skills
基础知识自测
维度一
1.tracks　2.image　3.habitat　4.Deer　5.shark
维度二
1.tracker　2.application　3.absolutely
维度三
1.doesn’t spring to my mind
2.It’s hard to keep track of
3.so do their prices
素养能力提升
Ⅰ.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了30岁的科尔多瓦·罗哈斯偶遇一只受伤的疣鼻天鹅，并对其实施救助的故事。
1.C　细节理解题。根据第二段第二至四句可知，疣鼻天鹅本性好斗，但是当科尔多瓦·罗哈斯靠近这只天鹅时，它没有动。正是它的反常行为让她知道天鹅遇到了麻烦。
2.D　词义猜测题。根据上句She worried others might be disturbed.和画线词所在句中的However可推知，她担心的事情并未发生，没人觉得天鹅乘地铁有什么不妥，没有人看起来“困惑不解”。画线词与at a loss意思相近。
3.A　推理判断题。根据倒数第二段第一、二句可知，天鹅在康复中心重新站了起来，甚至还交了男朋友。由此推知，天鹅享受着在康复中心的生活。
4.B　推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是第二段中Cordova-Rojas果断而细心地救助天鹅的行为和最后一段中Cordova-Rojas traveled two hours by foot， car， and subway （with her bike）可知，她富有爱心，而且细心周到。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。一些小企业致力于把旧衣物加工成新的时尚的衣服，以减少纺织物浪费。
5.D　词义猜测题。根据画线词后的It’s a big issue not to create new waste.I would say we are 90% recycled materials.可知，不制造新的废弃物是个大问题，她们公司的生产用料有90%为回收材料。由此推断，她建议人们不要买新衣物，而是翻新旧衣物。revamp意为“翻新”。
6.C　细节理解题。根据第三段内容可知，Danny Katz对纺织品废弃物所造成的浪费和环境污染有些担忧。
7.B　推理判断题。根据倒数第二段内容和最后一段中Hendricks所说的话可知，Hendricks更关心可持续产品的价格是否亲民。
8.B　标题归纳题。纺织品废弃物是一个日益严重的问题。据EPA的统计，在美国普通消费者每年扔掉81.5磅衣物，这造成了严重的环境污染。一些认识到该问题的小公司开始回收废弃纺织物，并将它们重新设计成新的时尚物品。因此，B项最适合作文章标题。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。新的研究表明，由于滥伐森林和气候变化，亚马孙雨林正逐渐退化。
9.A　细节理解题。根据第一段内容可知，亚马孙雨林正面临着变成热带草原的危险。
10.D　词义猜测题。根据第四段首句可知，专家研究了三十年来森林在极端事件后的变化，结合画线词前的has been losing its可知，森林在经历了极端事件后，已经无法完全恢复到之前的状态，resilience与D项“回归正常的能力”意思接近。
11.C　细节理解题。根据文章末句可知，欧盟环境专员希望更多的国家和欧盟一起努力来应对这一问题。
12.B　文章体裁题。通读全文尤其是第一段可知，亚马孙雨林正在接近其退化的临界点。文章主要介绍了该研究的方法和结论，应属于科学报道。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了东刺莺鸟的数量迅速下降的原因以及人们准备拯救它的计划。
13.D　推理判断题。根据第二段中Since the 1980s ...why the eastern bristlebird has seen such rapid decline.可知，东刺莺鸟数量迅速下降的情况引起了研究人员的关注。
14.A　细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句可知，一再发生的意外火灾是刺莺鸟减少的主要因素。
15.C　细节理解题。根据第三段及第四段最后两句可知，刺莺鸟偏爱低处的栖息地使它更容易受到火灾的伤害。
16.A　推理判断题。根据最后一段中However， all hope was not lost ...are in place for this little unremarkable bird.可知，救援和迁移计划已为刺莺鸟准备就绪。由此推知，将来它们的减少趋势可能会放缓。
Ⅱ.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了火星的自然环境以及火星任务的实施难度。
17.G　根据设空前后句可知，所填句与下文并列，都是在简要介绍火星的情况。G项中的It指代Mars。故G项（它是少数几个我们能用肉眼看到的行星之一）符合语境。
18.A　根据下文That’s about three times the height of Mount Qomolangma.可知，所填句是承前说明奥林匹斯山的高度。故A项（它大约27千米高）符合语境。
19.E　上文是在介绍火星上的气候，下文提到了沙尘暴。故E项（然而，火星上确实有气象，有云和风）符合语境。
20.B　根据空后一句可知，超过半数的火星任务都失败了，也就是说，执行火星任务并不容易。故B项（火星任务从来都不容易）符合语境。
21.F　所填句为本段最后一句，应承接上文继续说明中国在宇宙探索方面的进步。故F项（中国将继续探索宇宙的奥秘）符合语境。
Ⅲ.
Dear Sir or Madam，
　　I’m a high school student from China.As an animal lover， I felt really excited when I learned you’re in need of volunteers.It’s a good opportunity for me to do something for endangered animals.
　　I often take part in activities to help animals， such as raising money for stray dogs and cats.What’s more， I’ve also learned how to take care of injured animals.So I believe I would be capable in this job.
　　I would be very happy if I could work for you.
　　Looking forward to your reply.
Yours sincerely，
Li Hua
Section Ⅳ　Extended reading & Project & Assessment
基础知识自测
维度一
1.former　2.process　3.recycle　4.further　5.poverty
6.committee　7.smog　8.residents
维度二
1.entirely　2.pollution　3.official　4.poisonous
5.consequence　6.profitable
维度三
1.got rid of the old desk
2.In came a girl
3.even though he’s in his nineties
维度四
1.in　2.of　3.to　4.in　5.various　6.economic　7.fighting
8.in　9.inseparable　10.aiming
素养能力提升
Ⅰ.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了洱海生态廊道工程。
1.D　细节理解题。根据第二段第二句可知，建立洱海生态廊道的目的是保护洱海，修复自然生态系统。
2.C　细节理解题。根据第三段内容可知，C项（开展湿地恢复研究）包含在该项目中。
3.D　细节理解题。根据第四段最后两句可知，“珍珠”指的是洱海沿岸的村庄，这些村庄因该项目获得了更好的交通条件以及发展旅游业的机会，因此这些村庄受益于该项目。
4.C　观点态度题。根据最后一段可知，在廊道的建设过程中，洱海的水质及生态都有了提升，同时，廊道也成为当地居民以及外地游客进行锻炼、观光的好去处。由此推知，工作人员认为该项目被证明很好。
Ⅱ.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了支持保护森林的人——树木拥抱者，即我们今天的环保主义者。
5.A　空处位于句首，应是主旨句，根据空后内容可知，本段主要讲的是树木的好处，所填句应总述树木对于世界的好处。A项（树给了世界很多）概括全段，符合语境。
6.E　空前主要介绍树木拥抱者，空后举例说明tree hugger保护的不仅仅是树木，还有其他动植物和环境。所填句承上启下，E项（他们的保护对象不仅仅是树木，还有自然与环境）符合语境。E项中的They指代的就是上文提到的tree hugger。
7.C　根据空前一句可知，树木拥抱者最初并不是一个褒义词，根据空后一句可知，树木拥抱者指的是那些过分保护环境的人。所填句承上启下，讲的应是人们最初对于树木拥抱者的错误认识，C项符合语境。C项中的it指代的是上文提到的Tree hugger这一称呼。
8.G　空前举例讲述一些环保主义者的极端做法，空后一句讲的是希尔的极端做法。所填句承上启下，讲的应是导致希尔作出这一极端举动的原因。G项（但这并没有阻止太平洋木材公司想要砍伐它）符合语境，其中的that指代上文的For 738 days from 10 December 1997 to 18 December 1999， Hill lived in Luna这个事实。
9.D　空前As the website explains ...we can safely call Hill a tree hugger.讲的是社会对于希尔极端保护行为的看法，空处位于段末，应是对上文的总结。D项（我相信她会认为这是最高的赞扬）总结全段，符合语境。
Ⅲ.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。一位老师想出一种简单的方法来帮助学生更好地度过一天。
10.C　根据下文内容可知，Rachel老师找到了一种极好的方法来帮助她的学生及其家人，即让学生家长给她发送一条三个词的短信。第五段中的amazing system和第四段中的their parents分别是提示。
11.B　参见上题解析。
12.D　下句中的the student’s mom提示本空选择student，属于原词复现。
13.A　根据后半句Rachel told the student’s mom ...one of those days可知，Rachel让学生家长给她发短信是为了更好地帮助这个患有自闭症的学生。
14.C　根据空后的“handle with care”可知，学生的母亲只需要简单地给Rachel发送一条三个词的短信就可以了。第四段首句中的simple method也是提示。text作动词，意为“（用手机给某人）发短信”。
15.B　根据空前的text her “handle with care”可知，Rachel让学生家长给她发短信，好让她了解这个学生哪天状态不好，这样才能帮助该学生。下段首句中的knew也是提示。
16.A　上段中的text her提示本空选text，属于原词复现。
17.A　根据空后的not the gym for morning announcements可知，该学生需要的是一个安静的地方。
18.D　根据语境可知，句中her daughter needed ...location的目的是the rest of her day went smoothly。
19.C　根据空后的Rachel decided to send all of her students home with a note for their parents可知，这个简单的办法很成功，于是Rachel决定在班里推广。
20.D　根据句中的It explained what the “Handle with Care” system was 和下句中的In no time， parents began to show their appreciation可知，Rachel让学生带回家的便条解释了“Handle with Care”方法是什么以及家长可以如何利用它，以便家长使用。
21.B　根据上文内容可知，Rachel所做的事是帮助学生及其家长的善举。
22.A　根据句中的Word of the amazing system spread和下句The feedback has been extremely positive！可知，全国各地的老师开始在自己的教室里尝试这一方法。
23.B　根据句中的by the way they’re acting可知，老师有时可以通过学生的表现来看出他们这天是否过得不顺。tell意为“知道，辨别，判断”。
24.C　根据上文内容可知，一条简单的短信可以让老师提前作出一些小改变，从而让每个人的一整天都过得很好。
Ⅳ.
　　That night Matt heard Grandpa talk with Grandma about a basketball hoop （篮筐）.Matt was very curious about why Grandpa mentioned it suddenly.But because he was too tired after the journey， he fell asleep quickly， totally ignoring it.The next morning， Matt went outside to see the house in the daylight.Just beside his mom’s car was a basketball hoop.It hadn’t been there the night before.At that moment he realized that it was Grandpa who’d put that hoop up for him overnight.
　　Matt felt very moved.He went inside and found everyone at the breakfast table.He felt so sorry for his attitude the night before.He came up to his grandpa and hugged him， “Thank you， Grandpa.I like it very much.” His grandpa smiled， and asked him to sit.He told Matt there were some boys in the town， and he would invite them to come to play.Matt felt so happy that he had such considerate grandparents.
UNIT 2　Natural disasters
Section Ⅰ　Welcome to the unit & Reading
基础知识自测
维度一
1.stairs　2.confirmed　3.disaster　4.signalled　5.inform
6.exit　7.crashed
维度二
1.relief　2.reaction　3.injured　4.informed　5.destructive　6.orderly
维度三
1.was working in the lab when　2.in case we lose touch with you again　3.the expert’s coming to　4.the moment I saw him
5.couldn’t leave her son alone　6.the only one to help me
7.It occurred to me that
维度四
1.when　2.reaction　3.the　4.was damaged　5.to exit
6.orderly　7.with　8.walking　9.occurred　10.immediately
素养能力提升
Ⅰ.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。地震预测是一种古老的技能。文章介绍了地震预测困难的原因以及地震预测的历史和方法等。
1.A　细节理解题。根据第二段第一句以及Egill所说的话可知，地震预测如此困难有很多原因，人们对地震的一些基本物理原理尚不清楚是其中之一。
2.C　推理判断题。根据第三段内容可知，许多资料显示，地震预测在古希腊是一门公认的科学，作者举费雷西德斯的例子是为了表明地震预测是一门历史悠久的科学。
3.D　推理判断题。根据最后一段中Bruneau所说的话可知，科学家们已经尝试了所有可能的方法来预测地震，但没有人能够作出可信的预测。由此推断，在第四段中布鲁诺的意思是科学家没有可靠的方法来预测地震。
4.C　主旨大意题。根据文章中心段，即第一段内容可知，地震预测是人类已知的最古老的技能之一；结合下文可知，本文主要介绍了地震预测的方法，包括地震预测困难的原因等。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。洪水作为大自然的一部分，对生态系统既有坏处也有好处。
5.C　词义猜测题。根据第二段中Floodwaters can pick up dirt from riverbanks， which makes the water dirty.以及画线词后的preventing the river from flowing可知，洪水会沿途吸收泥土，而太多的泥土会堵塞河道，使河水无法流淌。由此可推测，画线词clog意为“堵塞”，与block意思相近。
6.A　细节理解题。根据第三段第三至五句可知，洪水沿途所携带的营养物质可以使土壤更丰富，从而更好地改善生态系统。
7.B　段落大意题。根据第三段主旨句However， not everything about floods is bad.Sometimes they bring new life to ecosystems.可知，第三段主要讲的是洪水对生态系统的好处。
8.D　标题归纳题。文章前两段主要讲洪水对生态系统不利的方面，第三段主要讲洪水对生态系统的益处，最后一段总结全文，点明主题——洪水是大自然的一部分。因此，D项（洪水：大自然的一部分）为文章最佳标题。
语篇解读：本文是一篇新闻报道。在校大学生发明了可以改善睡眠质量的APP，来帮助PTSD患者。
9.B　词义猜测题。根据画线词后的as the result of repeated disabling nightmares， he knew he had to do something about it以及下文内容可知，Tyler的父亲睡眠不好，这导致他的生活变得混乱、崩溃。故画线词unravel与collapse意思相近。
10.A　细节理解题。根据第四段第一句和最后一句以及第五段中It ...allow the sleep to continue unaffected可知，smartwatch app帮助使用者有一个好的睡眠。
11.D　推理判断题。根据第六段可知，在开发和测试这个应用程序时，Patrick担任了一个测试对象的角色。
12.A　细节理解题。根据最后一段内容可知，Tyler发明的应用技术将可以通过处方获得，很快会被投入市场。
Ⅱ.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。有时候我们可能会遇到泥石流，这时候我们该怎么做呢？文章给出了一些建议。
13.F　根据空后的it can increase the probability of survival in an emergency及下文的叙述可知，F项（如果你了解一些紧急应对泥石流的知识）符合语境。
14.B　空前两句介绍，如果听见像雷的声音要提高警惕。B项（那很可能是泥石流即将到来的迹象）解释要提高警惕的原因，符合语境。B项中的It指代上文的thunder-like sound。
15.C　根据空后内容可知，此处是介绍遭遇泥石流时的逃跑路径。C项（尽可能确定安全的逃生路径）引起下文，符合语境。
16.A　根据空后内容，尤其是you should abandon the car and run away.If you hide in the car， it is easy to be buried in the car.可知，A项（不要试图待在车里）适合作为本段的中心句。
17.G　根据本段首句Don’t think it’s safer in the area where the debris flow just happened.及后半句you must be careful of another one on the road可知，G项（如果你正走过刚刚发生泥石流的地区）符合语境。
Section Ⅱ　Grammar and usage
基础知识自测
维度一
1.scared　2.shocked　3.to walk　4.with　5.to be told
6.powerful　7.leaving　8.to take　9.out　10.to catch
维度二
1.is too hot to drink　2.so kind as to offer his seat to me
3.person to get along with　4.only to find it was Sunday
5.The sports meeting to be held next week
维度三
1.old enough to find　2.an interview to attend
3.only to be told　4.the first one to come
5.a way to solve the problem　6.to work in the company
素养能力提升
Ⅰ.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一项关于城市公园的研究，说明了与大自然交流对人类健康的重要性，同时也指出要保护大自然。
1.B　细节理解题。根据第一段中access to nature for people living in urban areas is becoming harder to find以及it’s unusual to find places in a city that are relatively wild可知，在城市里很难找到野生自然。
2.D　推理判断题。根据第三段第一句及第四段可知，研究人员之所以进行编码分类是为了从公园游客提交的总结材料中找到他们与自然交流行为的类别模式。
3.C　推理判断题。根据第五段所举的例子可知，年轻的职业人士周末可以在公园徒步旅行，工作日可以在午餐休息时间，沿着喷泉散步，用不同的形式去体验自然，即同样的自然体验会呈现不同的形式。
4.B　细节理解题。根据最后一段Kahn的话可知，我们在与大自然交流之前应该保护自然。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了伦敦为了减少交通事故采取了一系列措施以及“Vision Zero”计划。
5.D　目的意图题。根据第一段内容可知，去年伦敦街头有101人死于交通事故。为了避免更多类似事故发生，伦敦交通局给出了一些方法：保持安全的速度、保持车辆安全等。因此，第一段的目的是给出背景信息。
6.C　词义猜测题。根据画线词后的These cameras and sensors are widely placed where they are needed.可知，盲点摄像头和近距离传感器被广泛安装在需要的地方。结合画线词所在句可知，一项针对重型货车的安全标准使用了盲点摄像头和近距离传感器。由此猜测，画线词意为“使用，利用”，与use意思相近。
7.B　观点态度题。根据第三段中威尔·诺曼所说“We are moving in the right direction”可知，威尔·诺曼对这项计划是支持的。
8.C　推理判断题。根据最后一段中Safety is the biggest barrier to people taking up cycling or letting their children walk or cycle.But greener vehicles may be unsafe themselves.可知，作者想告诉我们，一些环保的交通工具本身就存在安全隐患。
Ⅱ.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要给出了四条发生地震时该如何反应的建议。
9.G　上句说明身处地震中，决定该做什么的时间很短。G项（考虑以下建议可能是生与死的区别）承接上文，并引出下文提出的建议。
10.D　本段主旨句Drop to the ground.说明本段给出的建议是卧倒在地。根据空格上下文可知，大地震发生时不会有太多预警，而小地震在一刹那也可能会变成大地震。D项（所以建议地震一发生你就卧倒在地）符合本段主旨，且与上下文语义一致。
11.E　本段主旨句Take cover.说明本段给出的建议是躲起来。上句说明躲起来时应注意的事项。E项（如果可能的话，远离窗户和任何可能坠落的物体）继续介绍躲起来时的注意事项。
12.F　下句说明要待在相对安全的平面或平台下面，等待震动停止。F项（地面可能会晃动，木块或砖块可能会掉落）解释下文动作的原因。
13.A　空格位于段首，为本段主旨句。下文说明大多数伤害发生在人们试图改变躲藏的地点或者地方太拥挤并且每个人都想出去时。A项（待在里面，直到出去是安全的）能够概括下文内容。
Ⅲ.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。作者经历了一次灾难性的地震后，人生发生了改变，以志愿者的身份去帮助像他一样的人。
14.A　根据文章前两句可知，作者描述的是地震来临时的感受，再根据空后的destruction并结合常识可知，该句是讲大地震过后死一般的沉寂，与上文的强烈震动形成对比。
15.B　根据下句My vision blurred （模糊） seeing the remains of my house.可知，作者看到的一切都成了废墟。
16.C　根据下句I 　18　 all the times I played with my little brother and sister.可知，此处指这所房子承载了以往所有的欢乐时光。
17.D　根据语境可知，这里的副词起到强调作用，强调曾经充满欢乐的房子地震过后就只是一片废墟。
18.B　根据all the times可推知，作者想起以往和弟弟妹妹一起玩耍的时光。
19.C　根据上句可知，作者面对废墟时想起以往的欢乐时光，弟弟妹妹的形象深深地刻在他的脑海里。
20.C　根据after lying on the ground for some time可知，作者在地上躺了一会儿，恢复了一点力气。
21.D　根据空前的I walked on mindlessly可知，经历过大地震，失去了一切之后，作者此时漫无目的地走着，什么东西都不能引起他的反应。
22.A　根据上文作者对地震经历的描述并结合此处语境可知，这里指灾难发生在作者身上，strike符合语境。
23.B　此处与上文对地震经历的描述相呼应，这里指令人恐惧的事件。
24.C　根据下文I gently stuck out my hand for her to hold to.可知，这个女孩是地震幸存者。由此可推知，作者作为“过来人”去帮助这里的地震幸存者。
25.A　根据空前的Losing family可知，失去家人是痛苦的。
26.D　此处与下文where we can help those around us中help相呼应，指作者希望用自己的力量帮助改善和他拥有相同经历的人的生活。
27.A　根据空后的the way I did for her可推知，作者认为这个女孩或许以后也会像作者一样，去帮助和影响其他人。
28.B　根据文章可知，作者作为一个“过来人”，用志愿者的身份去帮助其他人，这是他在经历灾难后作出的改变世界的行为，作者希望这个女孩在将来能够同样在灾难发生后，去帮助受难者，改变灾难后的世界。
Ⅳ.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。海洋地质考古学家研究古代灾害，帮助人们为未来可能发生的灾害做好准备。
29.that/which　考查关系代词。设空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词eruption，且在从句中作主语。故填that/which。
30.interesting　考查词形转换。设空处作表语，意为“有趣的”。故填interesting。
31.to　考查介词。access to意为“（接近或进入某地的）方法，通路”。
32.to adapt　考查非谓语动词。设空处作后置定语，修饰ways，故填to adapt。way to do sth意为“做某事的方法”。
33.us　考查代词。设空处作动词help的宾语，应用宾格形式。故填us。
34.scientists　考查名词复数。scientist为可数名词，根据其前的her team of可知，应用其复数形式。故填scientists。
35.a　考查冠词。as a result of意为“由于，因为”，为固定短语。
36.developed　考查动词的时态。根据in 2014可知，develop的动作发生在过去，应用一般过去时，且the country与develop之间是主动关系。故填developed。
37.caused　考查非谓语动词。设空处作后置定语，修饰effect，且effect与cause之间为被动关系。故填caused。
38.particularly　考查词形转换。设空处作状语，应用副词，意为“特别，尤其”。故填particularly。
Section Ⅲ　Integrated skills
基础知识自测
维度一
1.downstairs　2.otherwise　3.Curious　4.flooded
5.honey　6.documents
维度二
1.curiosity　2.flooding　3.documented
维度三
1.came flooding in　2.went downstairs
3.otherwise you shall be punished
素养能力提升
Ⅰ.
语篇解读：本文是一篇新闻报道。东非地区出现严重干旱。文章对干旱原因和给东非人民和动物所带来的巨大影响作了具体阐述。
1.B　推理判断题。根据第二段最后两句可知，Zaynab Wali提到在上次的干旱中，政府甚至为动物分发食物，而在这次干旱中她和家人的食物都短缺，言外之意是政府这次的安排与上次相比是很不妥的。由此推断，她是想表达她对于这次干旱政府的安排的失望。
2.A　细节理解题。根据第三段最后三句可知，索马里联合会在努力获得更多的国外援助。
3.A　段落大意题。根据最后一段可知，驴现在虚弱得都不能自己走路了，更别谈运货了，结合上文可知，这是因干旱而导致动物没有食物吃所造成的。故本段主要想告诉我们干旱的严重性。
4.C　标题归纳题。根据文章第一句可知，索马里、肯尼亚和埃塞俄比亚都警告说，东非出现严重干旱，影响数百万人，后面段落对这次干旱的情况作了具体介绍。由此可知，本文是围绕“干旱影响东非，使数百万人面临风险”这一话题进行阐述的。因此，C项最适合作文章标题。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章由1816年美国佛蒙特州的夏季暴雪为切入点，介绍了在1815年4月5日，沉睡了几个世纪的坦博拉火山喷发了，坦博拉火山的喷发是当时人类历史上最致命、威力最大的火山爆发。
5.A　目的意图题。根据第一段最后两句，并结合下文讲述的坦博拉火山的爆发及造成的伤害可知，第一段的目的是引入话题。
6.C　细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句可知，坦博拉火山开始喷发的时间是1815年4月5日。
7.D　段落大意题。根据最后一段内容可知，该段主要介绍坦博拉火山的爆发导致了一场可怕的灾难。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章通过照片描述了阿拉斯加地震后的景象，包括地震对山体滑坡所造成的影响。
8.D　细节理解题。根据第一段第一句可知，山体滑坡时会造成山体的分开。
9.A　推理判断题。根据第二段第二句可知，地震可能会加速山体滑坡的过程或造成新的山体滑坡。由此推断，地震对山体滑坡有巨大的影响。
10.B　推理判断题。根据第四段最后一句可知，这次地震可以被感知到，但并没有造成地表严重移动，从而引起大范围的山体滑坡，这个结果出乎科学家的意料。
11.C　细节理解题。根据最后一段最后一句可知，在块状扩散的情况下，部分地面脱离山丘，会非常完整地滑落。
语篇解读：本文是一篇新闻报道。欧洲航天局和美国航空航天局正致力于创建一个月球共享时间系统，以方便不同国家的月球任务顺利开展。
12.A　细节理解题。根据第二段中的But now， lots of lunar missions from different countries are planned for the coming years.These missions will need to communicate with each other.可知，创建月球共享时间系统的目的是让不同国家的月球任务能顺利地沟通交流。
13.B　细节理解题。根据第三段中的the International Space Station （ISS） also uses UTC ...Space agencies could send a UTC time signal to the moon， just like they do with the ISS.可知，在国际空间站（ISS）中，人们使用协调世界时（UTC）。
14.C　段落大意题。第四段中指出，在月球上使用UTC难点有二：一是UTC信号可能会接收不成功，导致整个系统瘫痪；二是月球上的一天与地球上的一天时间长短不同，受重力影响，月球上的时间流逝速度比地球上的快。故本段主要说明了为何UTC在月球上可能不可行。
15.A　推理判断题。最后一段首先指出欧洲航天局和美国航空航天局想要创建月球时间不仅是为了人，也是为了机器；随后指出航天局未来几年会向月球发射大量人造卫星，旨在建立月球定位系统，来帮助航天员和探测器确定位置；最后指出该定位系统的运转需要人造卫星有非常精确的定时。由此推知，最后一段提及人造卫星是为了表明月球时间的重要性。
Ⅱ.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章告诉人们如何来处理经历自然灾害之后不适的情绪。
16.D　根据下文可知，自然灾害不但会造成财产损失，而且还会造成心理上的压力。D项（自然灾害会带来高强度的压力、焦虑和愤怒）符合语境。
17.A　设空处位于段首，为本段主旨句。根据下文可知，本段建议要在其他人那里寻求帮助和支持。A项（寻找并联系社会支持）符合语境。
18.C　根据本段主旨句Try to establish a schedule.可知，本段建议制订一个时间表，所以此处应具体来解释这个做法。C项（例如，固定吃饭时间或者早上起床时间）举例说明要建立时间表，符合语境。
19.E　根据本段主旨句Talk about the effect of the natural disaster.可知，本段建议通过和其他人交流的方式来释放自己压抑的情感。E项（与他人分享你的感受或者找一些方式来表达你的情绪）符合语境。
20.F　根据空前内容可知，在自然灾害中有强烈的消极情感后，一定要用健康的方法去调整这样的情绪。F项（因此，找到管理这些情绪的健康方式是非常重要的）符合语境。
Ⅲ.
Our Experience Activity
　　Our school organized us to participate in an activity in the Children’s Palace from 2：00 p.m.to 5：30 p.m. on 17 December， which was aimed to help us learn more about natural disasters.
　　During the activity， we learned some basic ways to deal with distinct natural disasters.We also experienced natural disasters such as an earthquake， a flood， a tornado， a tsunami and a volcanic eruption in VR， where we deeply felt the danger of natural pared to the knowledge we have gained in our class， what we have learnt in the activity is practical and instructive.
Section Ⅳ　Extended reading & Project & Assessment
基础知识自测
维度一
1.sharp　2.rescued　3.import； export　4.destination
5.distance　6.erupted　7.patterns　8.locate　9.beyond　10.unearthed
维度二
1.distant　2.eruption　3.location　4.retirement　5.sharply
6.rescuers　7.unbearably
维度三
1.as it was before　2.took the form of a heart
3.should/ought to have come　4.as if waiting for someone
5.is to arrive in Shanghai at 1：00 pm
维度四
1.where　2.of　3.shot　4.shook　5.burning　6.in
7.came　8.remains　9.painted　10.left
素养能力提升
Ⅰ.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍的是飓风给人们带来的危害，同时提供了一些应对突发情况的建议。
1.D　细节理解题。根据第二段中While most Atlantic hurricanes form off the coast of Africa giving plenty of early warning可知，大部分的大西洋飓风是在非洲沿岸形成的。
2.B　段落大意题。根据第三段中oil workers、Field archeologists、a Texas National Guard group和travelers可知，本段主要讲述的是被突如其来的飓风所困的人。
3.A　目的意图题。根据最后一段首句But there’re a few things you can do to prepare yourself for some unexpected emergencies.以及下文提供的建议可知，本段的目的是给出一些应对预料之外的紧急情况的建议。
4.C　文章出处题。根据首段并结合下文中介绍的飓风给人们带来的危害，同时提供了一些应对突发情况的建议可知，本文最有可能出现在网站的“生命；生活”部分。
Ⅱ.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章提出了几点关于防御性驾驶的建议。
5.F　设空处前一句说明虽然如今的道路比以往任何时候都更安全，但事故仍在发生；设空处后一句提到这种做法涉及预测潜在风险以及根据路况安全驾驶。设空处后一句的This practice指代F项中的defensive driving。
6.D　上文指出防御性驾驶就是要作出观察、预测和计划。下文说明这就意味着你能预见到下一个拐角处可能会有一辆垃圾车，所以你应该在弯道减速，以防万一。D项对上文进行举例说明，其中的garbage cans与下文中的a garbage truck相呼应。
7.G　设空处前一句说明即便你前面的车开启了左转向灯，也不意味着它真的会左转。设空处后一句指出：观望一下前车的驾驶员会怎么做，而不是假定这位驾驶员知道自己开启了转向灯。G项中的turning与小标题中的turn signals以及下文中的turn signals相呼应。
8.E　下文指出：这样一来，当别人犯错时，你就有回旋的余地。E项中的Keep as much space around your car as possible 与设空处后一句中的have room to maneuver相呼应。
9.A　通读设空处下面一段可知，如果你后车的驾驶员开车摇晃不定或者离得太近，在安全的情况下靠边停车，为其让路。开车不是比赛，安全最重要。因此，A项概括了本段主旨，适合作小标题，其中的pull over与下文中的pull over构成原词复现。
Ⅲ.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。一位男士在接受脑部手术后，意外获得了从未有过的艺术才能。
10.A　根据上句的he spent more than a month in a coma可知，Hunter昏迷了一个多月；结合本句中的recovered much more quickly than expected可知，Hunter接受脑部手术后醒了过来，并恢复得比预期快得多。
11.D　根据语境可知，空前的it指代上文中Hunter恢复得很快这件事，结合文章首句中的a serious brain disease和a month in a coma可知，能在重病后恢复得这么快是一个奇迹。
12.B　根据空前的he soon amazed his friends and family以及下句中的had a talent for drawing， painting， and model building和“being rubbish” at art in school可知，Hunter上学时并不擅长艺术，因此他是突然拥有绘画和模型制作等才能的；而进行艺术类活动是在创作，因此是他所展示出的创造力令他的朋友和家人大为惊讶。第五段中Hunter所说which never existed in me before也是提示。
13.A　参见上题解析。
14.C　根据语境可知，后半句中的it指代all of my stuff，即Hunter创作出的作品；结合上文中他突然拥有艺术才能可知，他看着自己创作出来的东西时，都不知道自己是怎么做到的。
15.D　最后一段中的I’m just doing what my doctor told me to do and trying to enjoy it提示本空选择enjoy，属于原词复现。
16.C　根据空后的this is just a phenomenon及下句可知，医生表示，有很多关于大脑的事情他们仍然无法了解。
17.D　根据后半句his mother immediately asked， “When did you learn how to 　18　？”和下段中I haven’t stopped since then.可知，此处介绍的是Hunter所画的第一幅图。
18.B　上半句中的drew提示本空选draw，属于原词复现。
19.A　根据上段中母亲的提问可知，Hunter的画令母亲感到惊讶。由此推断，此处是Hunter对自己突然具备绘画才能的事实感到不可思议。故选crazy。
20.C　根据上句I haven’t stopped since then.可知，空后的I had this passion which never existed in me before是Hunter所发现的事情。
21.D　根据空后的work for himself as a carpenter可知，Hunter利用的是他的艺术才能；结合上文内容可知，他的艺术才能是手术后意外得到的，即新获得的，故选new。下段首句中的new也是提示。
22.A　根据空前的work for himself as a carpenter和下句The father-of-one has since sold pieces of his artwork.可知，Hunter开始制作并出售他最喜欢的超级英雄和电影角色的模型。
23.C　根据下句中Hunter所说I’m just doing what my doctor told me to do and trying to enjoy it并结合文章内容可知，Hunter术后重生并获得了新才能，而他决定好好利用和享受这一才能。
24.B　参见上题解析。
Ⅳ.
　　Squeak concentrated as hard as he could and hopped （跳） on his board.He took a wave right over to the man who called for help.It was the longest time Squeak had spent balancing on his surfboard yet！ Squeak got over to him in a moment and put his arm under the man’s. They used his board to float to the beach where a crowd had gathered.Finally， the lifeguard saw what was happening and jumped in to help， too.
　　Troy was waiting along with a crowd of people.As soon as Squeak and the man he’d helped got back to the beach， he ran up to Squeak.“Troy！” Squeak said excitedly.“Did you see me？ I surfed！ I really surfed！” Troy nodded happily and hugged him.He’d seen Squeak help the man， and felt proud of him.“Squeak， you are a hero！” He said aloud.He was even surprised that Squeak could surf！From then on， Squeak was known more for his surfing than his skateboarding.
UNIT 3　The world online
Section Ⅰ　Welcome to the unit & Reading
基础知识自测
维度一
1.software　2.button　3.deliver　4.access　5.aware
6.recipe　7.cash　8.clicked　9.goods　10.removed
维度二
1.delivery　2.majority　3.awareness　4.Instantly
5.establishment　6.Obviously
维度三
1.The songs he sang took off
2.have his washing machine repaired
3.On the wall hangs
4.there is no need to worry at all
5.no matter when she walked down the street
6.did he come to
维度四
1.to connect　2.Billions　3.obviously　4.to　5.of　6.with
7.else　8.has　9.of　10.responsibly
素养能力提升
Ⅰ.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了ChatGPT对未来教育方向的影响。
1.C　推理判断题。根据第三段中The world rewards you for what you can do with what you know可推断，能运用自己所学的知识做事的人会更成功。
2.B　细节理解题。根据最后一段第二句可知，与谷歌和百度相比，ChatGPT的优势在于它的分析功能。
3.A　标题归纳题。根据文章内容，尤其是第一段中一位教育专家所说The arrival of ChatGPT will push educators to focus more on teaching subjects that technology is not good at可知，文章主要介绍了ChatGPT对未来教育方向的影响。因此，A项适合作文章标题。
4.C　文章出处题。文章主要介绍了ChatGPT对未来教育方向的影响。由此推断，在网站的教育版面可读到这篇文章。
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。作者用两岁的孙子在读图画书时像点击电脑屏幕一样用手指去戳书页的故事，和他自己偶然被《中国日报》请去做视频节目成为网络明星的故事，说明当今多媒体工具繁多的时代是一个不同于以往的时代。
5.B　词义猜测题。根据第一段内容和第二段中画线短语后的as I was sitting ...the Spring Festival holiday可知，作者是一名记者，生活在一个讲故事的新时代，有许多新的多媒体工具。许多年轻人甚至没有意识到它是新的。对他们来说，这很正常。而在春节假期期间，作者和两岁的孙子坐在沙发上，尤其清楚地认识到了这一点。
6.A　推理判断题。根据第五段可知，事实上，孩子对书本并不熟悉，他的父亲经常用一台装有彩色图片的平板电脑逗他开心，当他戳它的时候，这些图片就会变得栩栩如生，他认为故事书就是那样的。由此推断，孩子戳故事书是因为他把它当成了平板电脑。
7.D　细节理解题。根据第六段最后四句可知，作者认为自己可能老了，但从数字角度来说，作者还没有无可救药，他编辑视频，制作音频，使用移动支付，甚至建立了网站。也就是说，作者认为自己在数码科技方面能够胜任。
8.B　推理判断题。根据第七段第一句可知，作者在新媒体体验中有一个明显的差距：很少在镜头前待着，因为作者的脸是为无线电广播节目而生的。由此推断，作者作为记者很少上电视。
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。Beth Bonness曾患有短暂性缺血发作，她坚持治疗最终康复。退休后她为有类似经历的幸存者成立了一个写作小组，以激励和帮助他们。
9.C　段落大意题。Bonness曾患短暂性脑缺血发作，第一段主要介绍了她第一次发病时的经历。
10.B　观点态度题。根据第三段中Bonness said she was told it was a one-off incident ...the doctors implied that she was too young to worry.可知，刚得这个病时，Bonness被告知这只是偶发的一次，她自己觉得只有老年人才得中风，医生也暗示她很年轻不必担忧，所以起先她认为不必在意这个病。
11.C　细节理解题。根据倒数第二段最后一句可知，Bonness决定写书记录她翻修房子时的曲折经历。C项（为了记录她生活中的一些事件）符合题意。D项中的development意为“新建住宅区，新开发区”。
12.D　细节理解题。根据最后一段第二句可知，Bonness近来一直在鼓励那些由短暂性脑缺血发作引发的中风和脑损伤的幸存者进行写作。
Ⅱ.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了什么是Internet cookies。
13.E　上文中提到的it logs you in automatically和return to find those items still in your cart是你上网时常遇到的两种情况，下文介绍当你访问一个网站时，该网站会向你的电脑发送一个Internet cookie并保存在一个文件中，这个文件记录了你的上网信息。由此可知，设空处是解释上文中提到的你能如此快捷、方便地上网的原因，且与Internet cookies相关，E项中的these conveniences指代上文提到的便捷上网的情况。
14.F　本段具有解释什么是Internet cookie以及它的作用。F项中的information saved as text呼应上文中的be saved in a file和下文中的information。
15.C　根据空后一句They are sometimes called HTTP cookies， computer cookies， web cookies， or browser （浏览器） cookies.可知，Internet cookies有不同的名字。空后一句中的They指代C项中的Internet cookies。
16.G　本段指出，网站在你的电脑上存储cookies虽然是一种侵入，但却非常有用。空处与其前的例子均说明cookies的好处。由此可知，G项符合语境。
17.A　空前一句指出，如果你认为cookies是对你隐私的侵犯，每个互联网浏览器都允许你自定义设置来限制或清除cookies，空后一句介绍消除cookies的后果是会让一些网站很难访问。由此可知，A项符合语境。
Section Ⅱ　Grammar and usage
基础知识自测
维度一
1.being discussed　2.causing　3.indicating　4.knowing
5.saying　6.Having finished 　7.smoking　8.rising
9.Having been hit　10.being beaten
维度二
1.playing in the surf　2.in the waiting room
3.being discussed　4.have kept him waiting for so long a time
5.Not receiving any letter from him
6.many students standing in a queue
维度三
1.Hearing you miss me so much
2.getting along well with me
3.find many students reading books in the reading room
4.the exciting days　5.Reading in the junior middle school
素养能力提升
Ⅰ.
语篇解读：本文是一篇议论文。文章针对社交媒体是好是坏这一问题展开讨论。
1.D　细节理解题。根据第一段中的Since so many people — especially kids， teens， and young adults — are on it for much of their days， there is increased concern over what social media is doing to people with its overwhelming information.可知，人们担心社交媒体信息过多会带来不良影响。
2.C　观点态度题。根据第三段中的“It can be really educational and inspirational.Sometimes it can open your eyes to a new perspective （视角） you wouldn’t have seen yourself，” she explained.可知，奥尼亚认为社交媒体是有益的。
3.B　推理判断题。根据第四段内容，尤其是其中的It really is up to the individual — how they think of social media， and how they make use of it.可知，作者建议人们注意自己看待和使用社交媒体的方式。
4.B　标题归纳题。根据第二段中的While social media may sometimes be linked to negativity， it is not as bad as many make it out to be.及最后一段内容可知，文章主要针对社交媒体是好是坏这一问题展开讨论。因此，B项（社交媒体：恶魔还是天使？）最适合作文章标题。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。微软昨晚迎来了互联网新时代的开始，表示将利用人工智能改进其搜索引擎和浏览器。人工智能可能会改变在线搜索，并对市场领导者谷歌构成严重威胁。
5.C　细节理解题。根据第一段首句可知，微软将为它们配备最新的人工智能技术来更新其搜索引擎和浏览器。
6.D　推理判断题。根据第三段第二句以及Satya所说Rapid innovation is going to come可推知，萨蒂亚·纳德拉可能会同意的观点是：人工智能的应用将彻底改变人们在线收集信息的方式。
7.A　词义猜测题。根据第二段中Bing， Microsoft’s search site， and Edge， its online browser， would be upgraded以及画线词后的will answer questions in a similar， conversational fashion to ChatGPT可知，Bing将被升级为新版软件，由人工智能驱动。由此可推知，画线词iteration意为“新版软件”，与edition意思一致。
8.D　主旨大意题。根据文章大意尤其是最后一段最后两句可知，文章的主要内容是微软正试图在在线搜索领域击败谷歌。
Ⅱ.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了使用社交媒体的一些注意事项，尽管我们渴望社交，但是也要积极地使用社交媒体，确保自己拥有良好的网络声誉。
9.E　根据上文we are addicted to social media可知，当前，我们沉迷于社交媒体。E项（事实上，我们渴望社交媒体并且需要它）承接上文。
10.D　根据下文Make sure to post contents that you feel positively reflect you ...可知，要确保所发的内容积极向上，并且正确反映出你自己，你的创造力和才能。D项（务必确认你发出来的东西）引出下文。
11.A　本段最后两句中都提到privacy settings，且表示其并不完全可信，A项中的privacy settings与之相呼应。A项（不要相信隐私设置）总领下文。
12.B　根据本段首句和空前一句可知，准确的拼写和语法总是一个加分项，但那可能不是你的风格。言下之意是虽然这不是你的风格，但你也要努力确保自己是细心且专业的。B项（努力尽自己所能做好每一件事）承接上文。
13.G　根据空前一句中you want to ensure that you’re OK with anyone seeing everything you post可知，在社交媒体上发东西的时候要确保自己发的东西对于任何看到它的人都没有问题，言下之意是不要在社交媒体上乱发东西。G项（一旦点了发送键，就不能回头）承接上文。
Ⅲ.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。“我”从未见过“我”的祖母，但祖母的烤磅饼却把我们紧紧联系在一起。
14.C　根据后半句the aroma （香气） of the batter （面糊） would fill the house以及下句可知，每当妈妈烘烤祖母著名的磅饼时，面糊的香气会充满整个房间。
15.B　根据空后的orders began rushing in可知，妈妈烤的磅饼十分有名。
16.A　根据后半句like the arms of my grandmother holding me可知，妈妈烤磅饼时，“我”总会待在旁边。每次“我”都会感到一种亲近感，犹如祖母用双臂抱住“我”一样。
17.C　根据后半句they always found something was missing可知，妈妈并没有对磅饼的配方保密。尽管其他人在尽力模仿妈妈做的磅饼，但他们总会发现还是缺了点什么。
18.D　参见上题解析。
19.C　根据该段尾句中的like all the others who tried可知，“我”知道总有一天“我”也会尝试烘焙这著名的磅饼。但要是“我”也像其他人一样，没有烘焙磅饼的制胜法宝，那该怎么办呢？
20.B　参见上题解析。
21.D　根据句中的I purchased all the ingredients可知，“我”买了所有的原料，一切准备就绪。
22.B　根据上句中I ran into the kitchen and took out that cake pan以及下段中Using the 　26　 cake pan that my grandmother used to bake her cakes可知，“我”是使用祖母蛋糕烤盘的第三代人。
23.D　根据文章首句中的but a pleasant dessert created a bridge connecting me to her可知，“我”又不禁想象那座把“我”和祖母紧紧联系在一起的桥梁。
24.D　根据第一段最后一句I would run into the kitchen， waiting to taste the batter.和本句后半句I was now the one in the kitchen可知，“我”不再是曾经那个跑到厨房里，等着尝面糊的小女孩了，相反，“我”成了厨房里烤制磅饼的人。
25.B　参见上题解析。
26.A　根据上段中I ran into the kitchen and took out that cake pan可知，“我”用祖母用过的同一个蛋糕烤盘，完美展示了“我”对家庭食谱的传承。
27.C　参见上题解析。
28.A　根据第二段最后两句I knew one day I would have to ...make this family recipe？可知，“我”将这个家庭传统视作珍宝。
Ⅳ.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。Trisha Prabhu致力于帮助年轻读者成为有责任心的数字公民。本文是她对自己写的第一本书的介绍。
29.was published　考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。根据时间状语on 31 May 2022可知，此处描述发生在过去的事情，用一般过去时；主语My first book和动词publish之间是被动关系。故填was published。
30.a　考查冠词。a series of一系列，为固定短语。
31.ranging　考查非谓语动词。设空处作后置定语，修饰lessons，且lessons和range之间是逻辑上的主谓关系。故填ranging。
32.founder　考查词形转换。根据空前的the可知，设空处与CEO并列作as的宾语，意为“创立者”，应用名词。故填founder。
33.that/which　考查关系代词。设空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词app，且在从句中作主语。故填that/which。
34.to　考查介词。guide to sth意为“关于某物的指南”。
35.educational　考查词形转换。根据语境可知，设空处与fun、relatable和impactful之间是并列关系，共同作表语，意为“有教育意义的”，应用形容词。故填educational。
36.to solve　考查非谓语动词。struggle to do sth意为“努力做某事”。
37.written　考查非谓语动词。设空处作后置定语，修饰book，且write与book之间是逻辑上的动宾关系。故填written。
38.parents　考查名词复数。根据educators and可知，设空处意为“父母”，表示泛指。故填复数形式parents。
Section Ⅲ　Integrated skills
基础知识自测
维度一
1.entertainments　2.device　3.mobile
维度二
1.percentage　2.entertainment
维度三
1.The percentage of girls majoring in
2.for entertainment
素养能力提升
Ⅰ.
语篇解读：本文是一篇议论文。人们在社交媒体上发布实际生活的美化版，实际上对自己的精神健康有害无益。
1.C　细节理解题。根据第二段第二句可知，我们在社交媒体上发布实际生活的美化版，是为了给我们的网友留下深刻印象。接着第三段举了索菲娅的例子，她和男友吵架之后还发布美文，甚至附带照片，其目的就是使别人相信她那个美化后的故事。
2.B　推理判断题。作者在第一段中直接表明态度，即在社交媒体上发布美化版的生活有损自己的精神健康；下文进一步讲到在网络上美化故事会改变及破坏我们的记忆。由此推断，作者的写作基调是批判的。
3.A　细节理解题。根据最后一段可知，美化我们的经历实际是在改变我们的记忆，事实上真正的记忆不论多么尴尬或不适，回忆起来都是健康的甚至是愉快的。文章在此用In fact强调，说明很多人没有意识到这个道理。
4.D　主旨大意题。根据第四段第一句可知，在网络上美化故事实际是在破坏我们的记忆，使我们忘记真正的记忆。由此可见，美化我们的经历最终将伤害我们自己。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。一项研究表明，电子设备的使用意味着父母不能给孩子提供有意义的情感支持和积极的反馈，父母应该花更多时间与孩子进行面对面的交流。
5.D　细节理解题。根据第一段首句及尾句可知，“科技入侵”导致父母与子女之间的面对面交流减少。
6.A　细节理解题。根据第二段首句可知，来自172个双亲家庭的父母回答了关于家庭关系的在线问卷。
7.B　词义猜测题。根据第三段第二句及第四段第一句可知，However前后为转折关系，其前介绍科技带来的好处。由此推知，其后应介绍其缺点：电子设备的使用意味着父母不能给孩子提供有意义的情感支持和积极的反馈。由此猜测，画线词意为“缺点”，与disadvantages含义相近。
8.A　推理判断题。根据最后一段内容可知，作者建议父母花更多时间与孩子进行面对面的交流。
语篇解读：本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要介绍了一个名为A Gift of Kindness的新网站，该网站鼓励人们分享好人好事，以纪念100岁去世的Tom Moore上尉。
9.A　细节理解题。根据第二段第二至四句可知，Tom Moore在媒体亮相主要是为了筹钱。
10.A　细节理解题。根据第三段中的by building a website called A Gift of Kindness.The idea came to Sir Tom’s daughter Hannah Ingram-Moore while she was eating with her family around the dinner table on a recent evening可知，一次家庭讨论让Hannah Ingram-Moore想到了建网站。
11.B　目的意图题。根据第三段首句和第四段中The website passes on Moore’s spirit serving as a message board for telling stories of kindness ...how that feels可知，建立网站的目的是让Tom Moore的精神延续下去。
12.C　推理判断题。根据第四段首句以及This has traveled across the Atlantic可推断，该网站很有影响力。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。一项新的研究发现，在脑力劳动休息期间使用手机并不能真正让大脑放松，实际上会导致更差的表现。
13.A　细节理解题。根据第一段第三句可知，人们在完成一项大任务后会拿起智能手机是为了休息放松。
14.D　推理判断题。根据第二段描述可知，这项研究是通过研究不同的休息方式进行的。
15.C　推理判断题。根据最后一段中的the phone may carry increasing levels of distraction that make it difficult to return focused attention to work tasks可知，这项研究表明智能手机会分散人们的注意力。
16.B　写作意图题。通读全文，尤其第一段中的However， a new study finds that cellphone use during a mental break doesn’t really allow the brain to relax and can actually result in a poorer performance.可知，作者的写作目的是提出一项新的研究发现。
Ⅱ.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。每个人的学习方式都不一样，找到适合自己的学习方式将会促进对不同信息的理解。
17.D　上文讲到可以尝试不同的学习方式。比如在研究论题时，可以去图书馆咨询图书馆资料员，下文讲到在这之后就可以开始试用不同的学习方法了。由此推断，设空处应该是与空前内容相似的另一个例子。D项（或者向你学校的指导顾问咨询一些信息）符合语境。
18.E　根据上句可知，可以通过搜索网站，做一些小测试，得到不同的结果。E项（这可能表明，结合不同的学习方式，你学得最好）符合语境，E项中的This指代前面的get different results。
19.F　根据本段主旨句可知，要结合个人经历选择学习方式，空前介绍自我评估结果可为你提供适合你的学习方式，设空处应引出个人因素。F项（然而，花点时间考虑一下你的个人喜好是很重要的）与本段主旨句呼应。
20.B　根据设空位置可知，空处为本段主旨句。根据段中Talk to your current or past teachers.Ask them for tips about how to improve your quality of learning.可知，本段主要介绍向专业人士请教一些学习方法。B项中professor与空后的teachers相呼应，B项能够概括本段的内容。
21.G　空前一句讲到一旦你确定了自己的学习方式，你就可以调整自己的学习经历，这样可以帮助你学得又快又轻松，设空处应对上文进行解释。G项（例如，如果你发现自己是一个视觉学习者，在接触新话题时使用图像）承接上文。
Ⅲ.
　　Hello， everyone！
　　I’m a fan of e-books.I think they are convenient.My eReader is about a book’s size but much thinner.I can download my desired books online in a minute or two.Besides， they help me with my reading.My eReader offers me chances to write a lot of notes and save them on the page.If I read an English article， I can look up strange words quickly in the digital dictionary included in the reader.The words are saved on my vocabulary list for future review.
　　These advantages have helped me read a lot of books.
Section Ⅳ　Extended reading & Project & Assessment
基础知识自测
维度一
1.request　2.journal　3.quitted/quit　4.badminton
5.Somehow　6.revealing
维度二
1.scary　2.appreciation　3.journalist　4.revealing
5.addiction
维度三
1.Weather permitting
2.as if he had seen it with his own eyes before
3.was lost in thought
4.nothing is more important than health
维度四
1.to　2.when　3.knocking　4.without　5.hardest
6.disconnected　7.appreciate　8.eyes　9.a
10.more beautiful
素养能力提升
Ⅰ.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。英国建造新工厂来处理电子垃圾，以获得用于铸币和金条的贵金属。文章介绍了电子垃圾的危害以及新工厂的优点。
1.A　词义猜测题。根据文章首句，即画线词所在句可知，英国皇家造币厂宣布了建造新工厂的计划，该工厂将对电子垃圾进行处理，以获得用于铸币和金条的贵金属。故画线词意为“获得”。
2.B　细节理解题。第三段最后两句谈到，据估计，全球只有20%的旧电子产品被回收。这不仅仅是一种浪费；这可能很危险，因为当电子垃圾被埋在垃圾场时，金属和化学物质会泄漏出来，污染环境。由此可知，旧电子产品如果不回收利用会造成环境污染问题。
3.C　推理判断题。根据最后一段中安妮·杰索普所说的话可知，新工厂将使皇家造币厂成为可持续使用贵金属的领导者。由此推断，Anne Jessopp认为新工厂是有前途的。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一个研究小组开发的一种芯片——光子芯片，该芯片有可能培训机器学习硬件。
4.A　推理判断题。根据第二段最后一句可知，光子芯片有待进一步完善。由此推断，光子芯片仍有缺陷。
5.C　细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句可知，现在研究人员已使加快训练步伐本身成为可能。
6.B　观点态度题。根据第五段中Volker所说It is a major jump forward for AI hardware speeding-up和第六段最后一句可知，Volker是支持光子芯片的。
Ⅱ.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章就如何以适当的方式参与数字世界给出了一些建议。
7.B　空前两句提到了使用手机的不良习惯。结合空后一句可知，空处与下文构成转折关系，应指出上文提到的不良习惯可能难以改变。B项（这可能难以改变）符合语境。
8.A　空处位于段首，为本段主旨句。根据空后一句可知，本段建议我们关闭一些推送通知，删除一些社交媒体应用。A项（设定一些基本界限）符合语境。
9.F　空前一句提到不要拿着手机睡觉。结合空后一句可推知，空处应陈述把手机放在身边睡觉的坏处。F项（睡觉时把手机放在枕头旁边充电并不理想）符合语境。
10.E　空处位于段末，应承接上文。根据空前一句可知，列出这些活动后，当我们有玩手机的冲动时，就可能参考列出的清单，尝试做自己喜欢的事情。E项（当你有想要拿起手机的冲动时，试试这些爱好吧）符合语境。
11.G　根据空前一句可推知，空处应陈述什么才是真正的数字极简主义。G项（总之，你应该有意识地了解我们何时以及如何使用社交媒体）符合语境。
Ⅲ.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了首位航海环游世界的女性Jeanne Baret。
12.B　根据空后的and determined to leave her small village to see what lay beyond可知，Jeanne是个有好奇心的人。
13.C　根据上句Little did she know how far she would go.可知，雄心壮志就像一场巨大的风暴，把你带到未知的地方。
14.D　Jeanne的第一次冒险是到一个附近的小镇。
15.B　根据本段中的She found work as a housekeeper和more than house cleaning ...he made her his assistant可知，Commerson依赖Jeanne，由于赏识她的智慧，让她做自己的助手。
16.A　参见上题解析。
17.A　当时正值启蒙运动时期，人们探索世界的热情高涨，国王路易十五批准人们进行环球探险，并任命Commerson为旅途中的植物学专家。
18.B　参见上题解析。
19.D　参见第17题解析。
20.D　根据上段中的he made her his assistant和下句中的Except she was a woman可知，Commerson在环球行中，需要他的助理。
21.C　根据上句中的he would need his ...和下句中的Commerson boarded the ship with the aid of his cabin （船舱） boy可知，当时女士不被允许登船。
22.A　根据后半句Commerson boarded the ship with the aid of his cabin （船舱） boy可知，表面看起来，Commerson放弃了带自己助理的想法，因为他只在一个男孩的帮助下上了船。
23.A　根据上句和本空所在句Commerson boarded the ship with the aid of his cabin （船舱） boy ...to be a woman可知，启航后，Commerson带到船上的男孩被发现是位女士。
24.C　根据下段中it was unusual for a woman to achieve what she did可知，Jeanne被发现是女士后，她的重要性也显示了出来，所以人们不能将她赶下船。
25.C　根据上半句History is vague （模糊的） on the partnership between Jeanne and Philibert可知，Jeanne可能没有被给予她应得的荣誉。
26.B　根据语境，尤其是本句中的it was unusual for a woman to achieve what she did可知，Jeanne不仅坐船环游世界，还为旅行中的植物发现作出了自己的贡献，作为一位女性，这种成就是很少见的。
Ⅳ.
　　That frightening day finally arrived.As I entered the classroom， I kept trying to convince myself， “Just cheer up， OK？ This can’t be that bad.” Now it was my turn.As I stood in front of the class， which was far away from my comfort zone， I kept repeating to myself，“Courage！ Relax！ Take it easy！ Just perform your best！” It turned out that I did such a great job that all the students applauded my performance warmly.
　　I left the classroom as if a heavy load had been lifted.Although that experience nearly killed me， I felt a great sense of personal accomplishment on my way home.I was so proud of myself and I frankly didn’t care what anyone else thought about my performance.What really mattered was that I had survived.Stepping out of your comfort zone will never be easy， but afterward you’ll always be glad you did it.
UNIT 4　Scientists who changed the world
Section Ⅰ　Welcome to the unit & Reading
基础知识自测
维度一
1.intended　2.postponed　3.experiments　4.trial
5.province　6.conducted　7.sufficient　8.surrounded
9.charge　10.deadly
维度二
1.intention　2.survival　3.limited　4.beneficial
5.illustration　6.wisdom　7.containers　8.deadliest
维度三
1.it was his strong determination that made a difference
2.Without electricity； would be
3.Learning to refer to a dictionary
4.the first female athlete to win
5.too relaxed even to read a book
维度四
1.to receive　2.contribution　3.to find　4.Inspired　5.in　6.equipment　7.containers　8.off　9.beneficial　10.which
素养能力提升
Ⅰ.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。凌晨，Bertozzi接到电话被告知获得了诺贝尔奖。文章介绍了她研究的内容，斯坦福大学校长对她的评价以及她接受采访时的情景。
1.B　细节理解题。根据第一段和下文内容可知，凌晨1点43分，Bertozzi被诺贝尔委员会代表的电话吵醒，这个电话通知Bertozzi获奖了。
2.A　细节理解题。根据第三段中的Bertozzi’s lab has been using the new methods to answer basic questions about the role of sugars in biology， to solve practical problems可知，Bertozzi的实验室运用这些新方法来开发一种治疗癌症的新药。
3.D　词义猜测题。根据第四段最后一句描述研究成果的后续使用方向可推知，她的发现非常有价值。由此可知，画线部分所在句子意为“作为化学界最有价值的突破，她的工作在现实世界中产生了显著的影响”，a crown jewel意为“最有价值的突破”。
4.D　推理判断题。根据第三段中Bertozzi was recognized for founding the field of biorthogonal chemistry可知，Bertozzi因创立生物正交化学领域而受到认可；根据第四段中In pioneering the field of biorthogonal chemistry， Bertozzi invented a new way of studying biomolecular processes可知，Bertozzi发明了一种研究生物分子过程的新方法，由此推知Bertozzi是有开拓性的；根据第五段对Bertozzi的采访及最后一段中“My family has ...Go back to sleep！”可知，她是幽默的。
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了俄国数学家Sofia Kovalevskaya。
5.B　细节理解题。根据第一段第二句和第二段中Kovalevskaya wanted to continue her studies in mathematics可知，小时候的Kovalevskaya痴迷于学习数学。
6.B　细节理解题。根据第三段最后两句可知，在1874年，Kovalevskaya关于偏微分方程的论文使她获得了欧洲数学界的认可。
7.D　段落大意题。根据第五段内容可知，本段主要介绍了Kovalevskaya所获得的奖项及荣誉，即主要介绍了她的成就。本段中的chair意为“大学教授的职位”。
8.D　推理判断题。通读全文可知，Kovalevskaya不仅极具天赋，而且在追求数学的道路上意志坚定，不畏困难、不惧挑战，最终取得成功。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章阐述了依靠勤奋和努力而成功的科学家比天生才华横溢的科学家更能鼓舞人心。
9.B　细节理解题。根据第一段中的but new research suggests that scientists who are known for their hard work are more encouraging than scientists who are viewed as naturally brilliant可知，那些以勤奋努力而闻名的科学家比那些天生才华横溢的科学家更能激励人心。
10.A　细节理解题。根据第四段中的there is concern in the science community with the number of students who run after careers in science during school only to drop out of those career paths once they graduate from college可知，很多在校期间追求科学事业的学生在大学毕业后就放弃了从事与科学相关的事业，也就是说从事科学事业的学生会更少，而这正是科学界所担忧的事情。
11.C　推理判断题。根据第五段第一句可知，参与者完成一系列的数学题是受到爱迪生的故事的鼓舞；再根据最后一段中的关键句Edison， on the other hand， is known for failing more than 1，000 times when trying to create the light bulb， and his success is linked to his efforts.可知，爱迪生在尝试发明灯泡时失败了1000多次，他的成功与他的努力有关。综合得知，这些受到爱迪生故事鼓舞的参与者相信通过努力和勤奋可以解决问题，所以他们才有动力去完成一系列数学题。
12.D　标题归纳题。第一段点明本文主旨，再结合下文内容可知，本文主要阐述的是那些以勤奋努力而闻名的科学家比那些天生才华横溢的科学家更能激励人心。D项中的Einstein代指天生才华横溢的科学家，Edison代指以勤奋努力而闻名的科学家，即“天生才华横溢的科学家不如以勤奋努力而闻名的科学家鼓舞人心”，因此，D项最能概括文章主旨，适合作文章标题。
Ⅱ.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了好科学家应该具备的一些品质。
13.F　上文指出一位好科学家的品质可能因为专业不同而在某种程度上有所不同，但每一位科学家都需要在高中和大学的科学课上打好基础，同时对数学有好的领悟力。由此可知，打好科学基础对从事科学事业的人来说很重要。F项中的These basic classes指代上文中的science classes。
14.D　本段指出科学家最普遍的两个品质是有好奇心和耐心。根据空后的they want to learn what makes everything work可知，科学家对他们周围的世界很好奇。D项中的curious与上文中的curiosity是原词复现关系，空后的they指代D项中的Scientists。
15.G　上文指出即使大多数实验都失败了，乐观主义也能让科学家不断地进行实验，下文指出科学家要有耐心多次重做实验以证明结果。由此可知，空处应该与失败的实验给科学家带来的好处相关。G项中的failed experiments呼应上文中的experiment after experiment和most of them fail。
16.C　根据本空后的noticing even tiny observations and remembering and recording them可知，科学家需要更多地关注细节。C项中的details呼应下文中的tiny observations。
17.B　本段指出科学家需要具备的另外一个品质——有包容的心态，愿意接受不同的意见。B项中的He or she指代上文中的A good scientist，且accept与上文中的accept是原词复现关系。shade此处作动词，意为“隐瞒，掩饰”。
Section Ⅱ　Grammar and usage
基础知识自测
维度一
1.used　2.held　3.taken　4.waiting　5.Based
6.surprised　7.astonished　8.spent　9.Raised　10.filled
维度二
1.see her mother taken good care of　2.Dressed in a beautiful skirt　3.have fast food delivered　4.Compared with other students　5.informed of the latest news
6.much homework unfinished
维度三
1.Born in a mountain village　2.damaged in the heavy rain
3.set up by an old expert　4.faced with a natural disaster
5.have their conSection Ⅲ　Integrated skills
Ⅰ.阅读理解
　　Several years ago， Jason Box， a scientist from Ohio， flew 31 giant rolls of white plastic to a glacier （冰川） in Greenland.He and his team spread them across 10，000 feet of ice， and then left.His idea was that the white blanket would reflect back the rays of the sun， keeping the ice cool below.When he came back to check the results，he found it worked.Exposed ice had melted faster than covered ice.He had not only saved two feet of glacier in a short time.No coal plants （火电厂） were shut down， no jobs were lost， and nobody was taxed or fired.Just the sort of fix we’re looking for.
　　“Thank you， but no thank you，” says Ralph King， a climate scientist.He told Grey Childs， an author and commentator， that people think technology can save the planet， but there are other things we need to deal with， like consumption.They burned $ 50，000 just for the helicopter to bring the plastic to the glacier.This experiment， quote-unquote， gives people false hope that climate change can be fixed without changing human behavior.It can’t.Technology won’t give us a free ride.
　　Individuals respond to climate change differently.Climatologist Kelly Smith is hardly alone in her prediction that some day soon we won’t be climate victims （受害者） — we will be climate choosers.More scientists agree with her that if the human race survives， the engineers will get smarter， the tools will get better， and one day we will control the climate.But that then？ “Just the mention of us controlling the climate sent a small shiver down my back，” Grey writes.“Something sounded wrong about stopping ice by our own will，” he says.
　　Me？ I like it better when the earth takes care of itself， I guess one day we will have to run the place， but for the moment， sitting at my desk， looking out at the trees bending wildly and the wind howling， I’m happy not to be in charge.
1.Why does the author mention Jason Box’s experiment in the first paragraph？（　　）
A.To introduce a possible solution to climate change.
B.To describe a misleading attempt to fix the climate.
C.To report on a successful experiment on saving the glacier.
D.To arouse people’s attention to the problem of global warming.
2.Which statement would Ralph King most probably agree with？（　　）
A.The experiment against climate change will not succeed.
B.Technology is not the final solution， let alone its high cost.
C.It’s best to deal with climate change without changing our behavior.
D.Jason’s experiment plays a significant role in fixing climate change.
3.Which of the following words has the similar meaning to the underlined word in Paragraph 3？（　　）
A.Relief. B.Click.
C.Shake. D.Description.
4.Which of the following is a suitable title for the text？（　　）
A.But Should We Fix the Climate？ B.Is Climate Change a Real Problem？
C.How Can We Take Care of the Earth？ D.What If All the Glaciers Disappeared？
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
　　Microbes exist everywhere — in soil， air， water and also in the human body and the bodies of plants and other animals！ They also exist in places where no other life forms exist.So far， we have learnt that these microorganisms cause diseases in humans， plants and animals.5.（　　） Let’s learn about them in more detail.
　　In household products
　　You may have seen people add a small amount of curd （凝乳） to fresh milk.In time， this milk at a suitable temperature then turns into curd！ How does this happen？ This is due to the action of lactic acid bacteria.6.（　　） For example， Swiss cheese develops large holes due to the large amount of CO2 produced by Propionibacterium shermanii.
　　In industrial products
　　7.（　　） Since products are made on a large scale in industries， microorganisms are also grown in large amounts in large tanks.These products include drinks， chemicals， medicines， and bioactive molecules that can be used to weaken the immune system during organ transplant procedures.
　　In biogas production
　　Microbial activity produces a mixture of gases， mostly methane （甲烷）， a primary part of natural gas.8.（　　） Anaerobic （厌氧的） bacteria generate large amounts of methane along with CO2 and H2.Cattle dung （粪） is rich in these bacteria， so it is commonly used to generate biogas.
　　As biocontrol agents （媒介）
　　Using pesticides not only kills harmful pests but also gets rid of beneficial life forms.Therefore， farmers are now using biological methods to control pests and plant diseases.This use of biological methods is called “biocontrol”.Baculoviruses are excellent biocontrol agents.9.（　　）
A.This is called biogas and is used as fuel.
B.Another product made using microorganisms is cheese.
C.They keep a check on disease-causing microbes in our gut.
D.However， they can also be useful to mankind in several ways.
E.Industries also use microbes to make products of value to humans.
F.The reason is they attack pests without negatively impacting plants and beneficial insects.
G.Through genetic engineering， scientists have made these plants resistant to attack by pests.
Ⅲ.应用文写作
　　假定你是李华，英语课上，老师要求就应用人工智能（artificial intelligence）的利弊进行讨论，请你代表小组写一篇发言稿，说明讨论的结果。
注意：1.写作词数应为80左右；
2.请按如下格式作答。
On the Use of Artificial Intelligence
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
2 / 2Section Ⅰ　Welcome to the unit & Reading
维度一：品句填词
根据所给单词的首字母或汉语提示，写出单词的正确形式。
1.He had i　　　　　　 to come to your birthday party， but his mother got ill that day.
2.The sports meeting has already been p　　　　 three times because of bad weather.
3.Many people do not like the idea of e　　　　　　 on animals.
4.The boss of the restaurant agreed to employ me for a t　　　　　　 period of two months.
5.As is known to all， Guangdong is an important p　　　　　　 of South China.
6.A survey 　　　　　　（进行） by a famous scientist showed that sitting too long contributes to heart disease.
7.The money she has saved is 　　　　　　（足够） for buying a big apartment for her family.
8.We are 　　　　　　（围绕） by a natural playground just perfect for walking， caving， climbing and cycling.
9.He wants to buy the books in quantity， so the storekeeper will not 　　　　　　（收费） him much.
10.People were frightened when a 　　　　　　（致命的） disease called cholera broke out in the town.
维度二：词形转换
用所给单词的正确形式填空。
1.The man went abroad with the 　　　　　　（intend） of trying his fortune， but failed at last.
2.For some students studying abroad， cooking is an essential 　　　　　　（survive） skill.
3.Her menu was so 　　　　　　（limit） that few customers came to her restaurant.
4.Both sides agreed that our cooperation will be mutually 　　　　　　（benefit） and will help keep regional peace.
5.The statistics are a clear 　　　　　　（illustrate） of the point I am trying to make.
6.When I was confused about my life， I was impressed with the 　　　　　　（wise） of my grandfather’s words.
7.Place them in a jam jar， porcelain bowl， or other similar 　　　　　　（contain）.
8.It is said that the cobra （眼镜蛇） is one of the world’s 　　　　　　（dead） snakes.
维度三：固定搭配和句式
根据汉语及括号内提示完成下列句子。
1.在我看来，是他坚定的决心改变了一切。（强调句）
As far as I’m concerned， 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
2.如果没有电，今天的生活将会十分不同。（含蓄虚拟条件句）
　　　　　　　　　　， life 　　　　　　　　quite different today.
3.学习查词典是小学生必须掌握的一项技能。（refer to）
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 is a skill that must be mastered by pupils.
4.她是在奥运会上第一位获得金牌的女性运动员。（the＋序数词＋名词＋to do ...）
She was 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　the gold medal in the Olympic Games.
5.他躺在那儿，放松得连书都不看。（动词-ed形式短语作状语）
He lay there， 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
维度四：课文语法填空
阅读课文内容，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
　　Tu Youyou has become the first female Chinese scientist 1.　　　　　　 （receive） a Nobel Prize， awarded for her 2.　　　　　　 （contribute） to the fight against malaria.In 1969 Tu became head of a team intending 3.　　　　　　 （find） a cure for malaria.When they failed， Tu didn’t give up.4.　　　　　　 （inspire） by an over 1，600-year-old text， Tu redesigned the experiments.After 190 failures， she succeeded 5.　　　　　　 making qinghao extract that could treat malaria in mice.When there was no research 6.　　　　　　 （equip）， they had to extract herbs using household water 7.　　　　　　 （contain）.They volunteered to test it on themselves to test their results.Their efforts finally paid 8.　　　　　　.Qinghaosu has since been 9.　　　　　　 （benefit） to many people.In Tu’s Nobel Lecture， she encouraged scientists to further explore the treasure house of traditional Chinese medicine， 10.　　　　　　 will benefit global health care.
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
　　At 1：43 a.m.， Bertozzi was awakened by a phone call from a Nobel committee representative who， revealing the significant news， told her， “You have 50 minutes to collect yourself and wait until your life changes.”
　　Instructed not to share the announcement outside of her tightest inner circle， the first person Bertozzi called was her father， William Bertozzi， a retired physics professor from MIT.“He’s 91 and， of course， he was just overjoyed，” said Bertozzi.“And then he called my sisters for me.One of my sisters and my dad watched it live.”
　　Bertozzi was recognized for founding the field of biorthogonal chemistry （生物正交化学）， a set of chemical reactions that allow researchers to study molecules （分子） and their interactions in living things without involving natural biological processes.Bertozzi’s lab has been using the new methods to answer basic questions about the role of sugars in biology， to solve practical problems， like developing better tests for infectious diseases， and to create a new medicine that can better target tumors （肿瘤）.
　　“I could not be more delighted that Bertozzi has won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry，” said Stanford President Marc Tessier-Lavigne.“In pioneering the field of biorthogonal chemistry， Bertozzi invented a new way of studying biomolecular processes， one that has helped scientists around the world gain deeper understanding of chemical reactions in living systems.Being a crown jewel in chemistry， her work has had an outstanding real-world impact.The research achievements have been used to study how cells build proteins and other molecules， to develop new cancer medicines， and to produce new materials for energy storage， among many other applications.”
　　“They call and I’m not even awake ...Starbucks isn’t even open yet，” she exclaimed while in her pajamas at her kitchen table.By 3 a.m.， Bertozzi had nearly three dozen voicemails.“This is how it’s going to be all day.This is insane，” she said.“Maybe I should cancel meetings.”
　　Pausing between interviews about two hours later to check her messages， Bertozzi said， “My family has already booked their flights to Stockholm.It’s amazing.Go back to sleep！”
1.Why was a call made to Bertozzi at midnight？（　　）
A.To warn her of some emergency. B.To inform her of winning the prize.
C.To prepare for a meeting. D.To collect things to visit her relatives.
2.What does Bertozzi’s lab use the new methods to do？（　　）
A.Develop a new drug for cancer. B.Produce more nutritious sugars.
C.Separate biology from chemistry. D.Find cures for infectious diseases.
3.What does the underlined part “a crown jewel” in Paragraph 4 refer to？（　　）
A.The king’s treasure. B.The universal focus.
C.The most complex part. D.The most valuable breakthrough.
4.What kind of person is Bertozzi？（　　）
A.Courageous and quiet. B.Creative and generous.
C.Wise and hard-working. D.Pioneering and humorous.
B
　　Sofia Kovalevskaya was born in Moscow， Russia， in 1850.As a young child， Kovalevskaya was attracted to the unusual wallpaper on the wall of a room in the family house： the lecture notes of Mikhail Ostrogradsky on differential and integral calculus （微积分）.
　　Although her father provided her with private teachers， he would not allow her to study abroad for further education， and Russian universities would not then admit women.Kovalevskaya wanted to continue her studies in mathematics， so she found a solution： to get married to a young student， Vladimir Kovalevsky.This allowed her to leave Russia and continue her studies.
　　The pair traveled together to Austria and then to Germany， where in 1869 Kovalevskaya studied at Heidelberg University.The following year she moved to Berlin to study with Karl Weierstrass privately， as the university in Berlin would not allow any women to attend classes.In 1874， she presented three papers to the University of Gottingen and was awarded a doctoral degree.Her paper on partial differential equations （偏微分方程） won her valuable recognition within the European mathematical community.
　　Having received her degree， she returned to Russia with her husband.However， they were unable to find the academic positions they desired.So Kovalevskaya returned to Berlin.In 1883， she became a lecturer in mathematics at Stockholm University.
　　In 1888 she was awarded the Prix Bordin of the French Academy of Sciences for research now called the Kovalevskaya Top.She also won a prize from the Swedish Academy of Sciences in 1889， and that same year was appointed （任命） to a chair at the university — the first woman appointed to a chair at a modern European university.She was also elected to the Russian Academy of Sciences as a member that same year.
　　Kovalevskaya was also known as a writer and a supporter of women’s rights.She composed novels， plays， and essays， including the autobiographical novel A Russian Childhood and Nihilist Girl， a story of her life in Russia.
5.What can be learned about young Kovalevskaya？（　　）
A.She received public education. B.She was addicted to mathematics.
C.She showed interest in wallpaper. D.She had no support from her father.
6.What happened to Kovalevskaya in the 1870s？（　　）
A.She got married to a young student.
B.She was noted in the academic world.
C.She studied at Heidelberg University.
D.She worked with Karl Weierstrass in Berlin.
7.What does Paragraph 5 mainly say about Kovalevskaya？（　　）
A.Her goal.　　　　　 B.Her research.
C.Her problems. D.Her achievements.
8.Which of the following can best describe Kovalevskaya？（　　）
A.Creative and generous. B.Patient and productive.
C.Positive and considerate. D.Talented and determined.
C
　　Role models are important for inspiring scientists， but new research suggests that scientists who are known for their hard work are more encouraging than scientists who are viewed as naturally brilliant.
　　In a series of studies， researchers found that young people were more motivated by scientists whose success was connected with efforts than those whose success was because of natural intelligence， even if that scientist was Albert Einstein.
　　Danfei Hu， a doctoral student at Pennsylvania State University， and Janet N.Ann， an assistant professor of psychology at William Paterson University， said the findings — recently published in Basic and Applied Social Psychology — will help deal with the certain secret about what it takes to succeed in science.
　　According to the researchers， there is concern in the science community with the number of students who run after careers in science during school only to drop out of those career paths once they graduate from college.To help solve the problem， Hu and Ann wanted to research role models， who give the students specific goals， behaviour or strategies they can follow.
　　The researchers performed studies with 176 and 162 participants in each study respectively.In the first study， all participants read the same story about common struggles a scientist met in his science career.However， half were told the story was about Einstein， while half were told it was about Thomas Edison.Although the stories are the same， participants were more likely to believe natural brilliance was the reason for Einstein’s success.In addition， the participants who believed the story was about Edison were more motivated to complete a series of maths problems.
　　“This proved that people generally seem to view Einstein as a genius， with his success commonly linked to extraordinary talent，” Hu said.“Edison， on the other hand， is known for failing more than 1，000 times when trying to create the light bulb， and his success is linked to his efforts.” Hu added， “Knowing that something great can be achieved through hard work and efforts， more students will step into the science career confidently.”
9.What kind of scientist is more encouraging？（　　）
A.Those who are famous around the world.
B.Those who are famous for their hard work.
C.Those who are viewed as naturally brilliant.
D.Those who are viewed as great inventors.
10.What is the concern in the science community？（　　）
A.Fewer students will work on science.
B.The students will drop out of school soon.
C.There are fewer role models for students to follow.
D.Some scientists cannot give students specific goals.
11.Why were some participants motivated to complete a series of maths problems？（　　）
A.They knew the problems were given by Edison.
B.They believed they were as intelligent as Einstein.
C.They believed they could solve the problems by working hard.
D.They knew they were to work together with Einstein and Edison.
12.What is the best title for the text？ （　　）
A.Einstein’s Success Story B.Edison’s Achievements Are Greater
C.How to Be a Great Scientist D.Einstein Is Less Encouraging than Edison
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
Qualities of a Good Scientist
　　The qualities of a good scientist may vary to some extent with different specialties.But， every scientist needs to have a good foundation in science classes throughout high school and college， along with a good understanding of math.13.（　　）.
　　 Two of the most common characteristics of scientists are curiosity and patience.14.（　　）， and they want to learn what makes everything work.Their curiosity keeps them going， heading to the next project and the next experiment.They must also have the patience to experience the years of work that might be required to make a discovery in a scientific field.A sense of optimism keeps a scientist performing experiment after experiment， even if most of them fail.15.（　　）.They require patience to repeat experiments many times to prove results.
　　 16.（　　）， noticing even tiny observations and remembering and recording them.Their minds tend to be analytical （分析的）， and they can collect and store data in an efficient way so it can be recalled later.They usually have facts and guesses from several fields and experiments so that they can be put together in different combinations （组合） to answer questions or provide direction for research.
　　 Being open-minded is important for successful people in science careers.A good scientist will accept whatever result his or her work has.A scientist will also not give wrong results or shade an experiment to get the expected outcome.17.（　　）， even when they have different opinions from his or her own.
A.Scientists can help and support one another
B.He or she will accept the solutions of others
C.Scientists need to pay more attention to details
D.Scientists are curious about the world around them
E.They build on the work of scientists from past generations
F.These basic classes give you a good start toward a career in science
G.Scientists know that failed experiments provide answers as often as successful ones do
5 / 5Section Ⅳ　Extended reading & Project & Assessment
维度一：品句填词
根据所给单词的首字母或汉语提示，写出单词的正确形式。
1.It is much to her c　　　　　　 that Mary continued to work in spite of all the difficulties.
2.Every one has the f　　　　　　 of speech and meanwhile he/she should obey the laws.
3.I think we have a m　　　　　　 responsibility to help these people who are in trouble.
4.On the island， cars， buses and bikes are not p　　　　　　 there.
5.I’m a　　　　　　 for a part-time job at a foreign company during the summer vacation.
6.We have time and time again 　　　　　　（声明） that we will never be the first to use nuclear weapons.
7.It’s the love and 　　　　　　（责任） that have driven him to get through many hardships and survive.
8.We believe the time and hard work 　　　　　　（牵涉） in completing such an important project are worthwhile.
维度二：词形转换
用所给单词的正确形式填空。
1.He could not escape from his 　　　　　　（responsible） in the accident.
2.At the international school they have pupils of different 　　　　　　（nation）.
3.All our results are published in 　　　　　　（science） journals.
4.It was his 　　　　　　（ignore） that led to a terrible fire， which burned down the building.
5.Due to the 　　　　　　（apply） of this medical technology， some diseases can be treated at the early stage.
6.The article was reproduced by the special 　　　　　　　　（permit） of the President.
维度三：固定搭配和句式
根据汉语及括号内提示完成下列句子。
1.我们将要做什么还没有决定下来。（名词性从句）
　　　　　　　　 hasn’t been decided.
2.小女孩的建议很有价值，我们最好仔细考虑一下。 （“of＋抽象名词”结构）
The little girl’s advice 　　　　　　　　　and we’d better think it over.
3.他发现要及时完成这项工作很困难。（it作形式宾语）
He found 　　　　　　　　　　　　the work in time.
4.他在会议上提出的建议值得考虑。（put forward）
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 is worth considering.
维度四：课文语法填空
阅读课文内容，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
　　When the author was younger， he thought science was 1.　　　　　　 （obvious） useful.But during the war， it represented the 2.　　　　　　 （destroy） of people.“Is there some evil 3.　　　　　　 （involve） in science？” The author asked himself.
　　Science has three 4.　　　　　　 （value）.The first way in which science is 5.　　　　　　 value is familiar to us—enables us to do and make all kinds of things.Another value is the intellectual enjoyment it can provide us with.The third is the 6.　　　　　　 （free） of doubt，7.　　　　　　 is born out of a deep and strong struggle against authority.But scientists take 8.　　　　　　 for granted that it is perfectly possible to live and not know.9.　　　　　　 （teach） how doubt is not to be feared but to be welcomed and discussed， and to ensure the freedom for all coming generations are scientists’ 10.　　　　　　 （responsible）.
Ⅰ.阅读理解
　　In the summer of 1885， nine-year-old Joseph Meister was very ill.He had been wounded by a sick dog that had rabies （狂犬病）， a very dangerous disease.His parents were told that there was probably only one man who could save Joseph’s life — Louis Pasteur.
　　When Pasteur was a young boy in France， he spent many hours every day with the chemist （药剂师） who lived in his small town.At that time， the chemist had to make all the medicines himself.Young Louis enjoyed watching the chemist as he worked and helped those people who came to him each day.
　　As a schoolboy， Pasteur worked slowly and carefully.At first， his teachers thought that young Louis might be a slow learner.Through elementary school， high school， and college， Pasteur worked in the same thoughtful way.Then he became a college professor and a scientist， and he continued to work very carefully.
　　Pasteur was studying about the germs （细菌） that cause rabies when Joseph Meister became ill.In fact， Pasteur believed he had a medical treatment for rabies， but he had never given it to a person before.At first， Pasteur was afraid to treat Joseph， but the poor child was dying.Pasteur gave Joseph an inoculation （预防接种） every day for ten days.Slowly， the child became better.
　　During his lifetime， Pasteur studied germs and learnt how they cause diseases in animals and people.He developed vaccinations （疫苗接种） that prevented many of these diseases.On 28 September 1895， Louis Pasteur passed away， at the age of 72.The work of this great man has been of great help to modern medicine.
1.What’s the purpose of the given story of Joseph Meister？（　　）
A.To express the author’s sadness.
B.To introduce the subject of the text.
C.To show some common diseases in 1885.
D.To warn children to stay away from dogs.
2.What do we know about young Louis according to the text？（　　）
A.He was once badly hurt by a dog.
B.He was very interested in medicine.
C.He made a living by working for a chemist.
D.He had been thought highly of by his teachers.
3.What can we learn from Paragraph 3？（　　）
A.Louis Pasteur was always patient. B.Louis Pasteur was clever but proud.
C.Louis Pasteur was a slow learner. D.Louis Pasteur was a humorous professor.
4.Which would be the best title for the text？（　　）
A.Germs and Diseases B.Rabies： A Terrible Disease
C.The Earliest Chemist in France D.Louis Pasteur： A Great Scientist
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
　　While reviewing the literature in your research area， you may find that there aren’t too many journal articles.5.（　　） Actually the global search output increases every year by about 2.5 million new journal articles.What should you do if you fail to find relevant studies in your research area？ These tips may help you get a head-start on your literature review.
　　Explore them in depth.
　　Having a limited number of references might work to your benefit.6.（　　） In addition， with few sources in your specific research area， it’s possible that you could find limitations in the existing literature and use them to build or strengthen your own research question.
　　7.（　　）
　　You may have drawn very strict mental limits around your research question.If so， you cannot see other relevant research areas.Assuming that your research question is about studying whether plastic can be made compostable （可降解的）， you could begin with looking into more environment-friendly plastic.This will not only help with more relevant reading， but also place your specific research question in a broader way.
　　Make sure you use the right keywords.
　　One of the problems in your search for relevant sources could be unclear or unrelated keywords.Your keywords should be well defined and specifically targeted to the research papers you are looking for.This will indicate the relevance of those terms in your field.8.（　　）
　　Ask for help.
　　9.（　　） Start by approaching the librarian at your university and ask him/her if your library has ordered the journal you need.You could also ask a professor， or a senior colleague.Having gone through a similar difficulty as the one you are currently facing， they’ll surely have a few tricks up their sleeve.
A.Broaden your search area.
B.But this might not be the case.
C.Narrow down your research question.
D.Most keywords are beneficial to your review.
E.If all else fails， then don’t hesitate to turn to others.
F.It will also shine some light on whether you should be more precise.
G.You can get a short but comprehensive list of articles to explore in great detail.
Ⅲ.完形填空
　　Historic tornadoes （龙卷风） swept across six states in December 2021， leaving mass destruction in their paths.The morning after the deadly 　10　 passed through， Katie Posten of New Albany， Indiana， was 　11　 to step outside and see no damage in her area.
　　As she headed to her car， she spotted a piece of 　12　 stuck to the window.Once she saw what it was， she knew it had to be a memento （纪念品） that someone would 　13　.
　　The photograph in her hand showed a woman holding a child in her lap.On the back， the 　14　 caption （文字说明） read， “Gertie Swatzell & J.D.Swatzell 1942.”
　　“Seeing the 　15　， I realized that it was likely from a 　16　 hit by a tornado，” Katie said.
　　Hoping to get the photo back to its owner， Katie 　17　 Facebook.Her post was shared widely across Facebook， and it didn’t take long for someone to 　18　 the last name written on the back of the picture.Cole Swatzell was tagged （被标记）， and he soon 　19　 to say the photo belongs to his family in Dawson Springs， Kentucky.That means the photo traveled more than 150 miles to land on Katie’s car！
　　Katie said she’s thankful the social media platform was able to 　20　 her with the Swatzell family， and she 　21　 getting the picture back to them.
　　Best of all， she’s not the only one helping 　22　！ A Facebook page was set up 　23　 to reunite （重聚） people with belongings lost during the storms， which has helped hundreds of people 　24　 their beloved items.
10.（　）A.waves　　　　　 B.storms
C.diseases D.earthquakes
11.（　）A.confused B.excited
C.shocked D.relieved
12.（　）A.paper B.wood
C.cloth D.tape
13.（　）A.buy B.find
C.miss D.prepare
14.（　）A.handwritten B.detailed
C.funny D.new
15.（　）A.praise B.answer
C.advice D.date
16.（　）A.home B.park
C.garden D.zoo
17.（　）A.joined B.downloaded
C.turned to D.benefited from
18.（　）A.click B.recognize
C.show D.remember
19.（　）A.regretted B.refused
C.continued D.commented
20.（　）A.equip B.exchange
C.connect D.comfort
21.（　）A.faces up to B.comes up with
C.looks forward to D.steps away from
22.（　）A.relatives B.enemies
C.neighbours D.strangers
23.（　）A.specifically B.secretly
C.seasonally D.suddenly
24.（　）A.repair B.recover
C.record D.research
Ⅳ.读后续写
　　阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
　　Little Todd liked to dress up as a superhero.In school， Todd didn’t feel heroic.Even though his mother had been a teacher who loved books， reading was difficult for him.He was scolded for asking too many questions， and was told that he wasn’t a good student.
　　Todd’s mom disagreed.She told him he was gifted and had something big to offer the world.“You could do anything，” she said.He hoped she was right.Todd studied hard， graduated from school， and got a job.At work， Todd discovered that he liked helping others.But then his mother died， and he became the one who needed help to get through sad times.He missed her terribly.
　　Memories of his mom teaching neighbourhood kids how to read gave Todd an idea.He cut up an old door and hammered （捶打） the pieces together to make a tiny one-room library.He positioned books inside， put a sign on the front， and placed the little library in his yard.Now he could share his mother’s love of reading with anyone who passed by.There was just one problem ...Very few people passed by.
　　One day， during a yard sale， Todd’s neighbours noticed his creation.Todd told them about his mom.People loved his story.It reminded them of ordinary heroes they knew.
　　Soon， neighbours who had never met before were gathered around， chatting like old friends.They took books.They gave books.The little library became the center of their neighbourhood.
　　Todd felt his box of books had potential.He called up his friend Rick， who was always full of great ideas.Rick thought that they could build thousands of little boxes！ Like Andrew Carnegie， who once built 2，510 libraries！ They could take trips！ Like Lutie Stearns， who brought traveling libraries all over Wisconsin！
　　“Wait a minute！” Todd said.Andrew Carnegie was a wealthy businessman.Lutie Stearns was a trained librarian.The two of them were just ordinary guys.And they were particularly low on cash.
　　How many libraries could two ordinary guys create？ How far could ordinary people spread an idea？
注意：1.续写词数应为150左右；
2.请按如下格式作答。
Todd and Rick agreed on one thing — they wanted to find out.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
Todd and Rick decided that if people wouldn’t come and get the little libraries， they’d bring the libraries to the people.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
5 / 6Section Ⅱ　Grammar and usage
维度一：基础题型练
单句语法填空。
1.Ordinary soap， 　　　　　　（use） correctly， can deal with bacteria effectively.
2.The meeting 　　　　　　（hold） last night was about safety.
3.When 　　　　　　（take） according to the directions，the drug has no side effect.
4.Don’t leave that man over there 　　　　　　（wait） outside and show him in now.
5.　　　　　　 （base） on what we have discussed， how do you feel about this job？
6.The 　　　　　　（surprise） look showed that she hadn’t known the experiment.
7.John Snow told the story about the 　　　　　（astonish） people in Broad Street.
8.Jim has retired， but he still remembers the happy time 　　　　　　（spend） with his students.
9.　　　　　　 （raise） in the poorest area of Glasgow， he had a long and hard road to becoming a composer.
10.We went to the cinema with the friendly household， 　　　　　　（fill） with excitement.
维度二：语法与写作
完成句子。
1.She was happy to 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　at her elder sister’s home.
她很高兴看到母亲在她姐姐家里受到很好的照顾。
2.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　， she attended the opening ceremony.
穿着一条漂亮的裙子，她参加了开幕式。
3.I usually 　　　　　　　　　　　　　to my office when I am busy.
当我忙的时候，我通常叫快餐送到我的办公室。
4.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　， Mary is more determined to achieve her goal.
与其他学生相比，玛丽更有决心实现自己的目标。
5.The Internet keeps us 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　and also provides entertainment in the house.
互联网使我们在家就能随时了解最新的新闻，而且也为我们提供娱乐。
6.Addicted to computer games， he left 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
沉迷于电脑游戏，他很多作业没有做完。
维度三：语法与语篇
用动词-ed形式完成下面短文。
　　1.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 （出生在一个山村）， Tom was interested in something involving agriculture.When he was young， he often helped his father with the crops 2.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 （在大雨中损坏的）. When he grew up， he was admitted into a famous university， where he majored in agriculture.After graduation， he joined a team 3.　　　　　　　　　　　　　 （由一位老专家设立的） with enough professional knowledge.When 4.　　　　　　　　　　　　　 （面临自然灾害）， some farmers were often helpless.Tom and his team often helped them to 5.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 （提高他们的信心）.They also showed them how to save the damaged crops and how to 6.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 （使产量翻一番）.Most of the local farmers thought highly of the team.7.　　　　　　　　　　　　 （被这些农民称赞）， Tom worked harder than before.In his opinion， it was his duty to help the farmers out when they got into trouble.
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
　　New York City public schools will ban students and teachers from using ChatGPT， a powerful new AI chatbot tool， on the district’s networks and devices， an official confirmed to CNN on Thursday.
　　The move comes while educators raise concerns that students could use the tool， which generates frighteningly effective responses and even essays in response to user prompts （提示）， to do homework for them.Some also worry that ChatGPT could be used to spread inaccurate （不准确的） information.
　　“Due to concerns about negative impacts on student learning， and concerns regarding the safety and accuracy of content， access to ChatGPT is restricted on New York City public schools’ networks and devices，” said Jenna Lyle， a spokesperson for New York City’s Department of Education.“While the tool may be able to provide quick and easy answers to questions， it does not build critical-thinking and problem-solving skills， which are essential for academic and lifelong success.”
　　ChatGPT is able to provide lengthy， thoughtful and detailed responses to questions and prompts， ranging from factual questions like “Who was the president of the United States in 1955？” to more open-ended questions such as “What’s the meaning of life？”
　　ChatGPT became popular just days after its launch.But many educators fear students will use the tool to cheat.One user， for example， fed ChatGPT an AP English exam question； it responded with a 5-paragraph essay about Wuthering Heights.Another user asked the chatbot to write an essay about the life of William Shakespeare four times； he received a unique version with the same prompt each time.
　　Darren Hicks， assistant professor of philosophy at Furman University， said it will be harder to prove when a student misuses ChatGPT than with other forms of cheating.“In more traditional forms of plagiarism — stealing or copying another’s work — I can go and find proof，” he said.“In this case， there’s nothing out there that I can point to and say， ‘Here’s the material they took.’”
1.What do educators fear about ChatGPT？（　　）
A.It will lead to students cheating.
B.It will reveal students’ information.
C.It will offer unhealthy content to students.
D.It will result in longer screen time for students.
2.What does the underlined word “restricted” in Paragraph 3 most probably mean？（　　）
A.Limited. B.Required.
C.Permitted. D.Recommended.
3.What do we know about ChatGPT？（　　）
A.It cannot answer open-ended questions.
B.It helps teachers set and correct homework.
C.It makes no mistakes when answering questions.
D.It can offer different essays with the same prompt.
4.What is the best title for the text？（　　）
A.ChatGPT Has Negative Effects on Student Learning
B.ChatGPT Makes Plagiarism More Difficult to Find
C.ChatGPT Surprises People with Its High Intelligence
D.ChatGPT Is Prohibited in New York City Public Schools
B
　　（2024·江苏徐州高一期末）Yellow flower carpeted fields are a sure sign of summer.In Denmark alone， more than 200，000 hectares of rapeseed （油菜籽） are planted every year.But until now， the plant has only been used for oil and animal feed， as it is both bitter and unsafe as a direct food source for humans.
　　To protect themselves， the rapeseed plants produce a group of substances （物质） called glucosinolates （硫苷）， which give the plants a strong and bitter taste that scares off insects and disease.As a result， rapeseed is unhealthy to eat and the rapeseed cake， which is the remains of the seeds after the oil has been squeezed out， has only been used in limited quantities as feed for pigs and chickens， despite its 30－40 per cent protein content.
　　Now， researchers from the University of Copenhagen have discovered the three proteins that help to store the bitter substances in seeds of thale cress （阿拉伯芥）， a plant closely related to the rapeseed.The new discovery makes it possible to prevent the accumulation （积聚） of these substances in the seed by removing the proteins through “transport engineering” technology.In doing so， the defensive substances remain in all other parts of the plant， allowing it to continue to defend itself.
　　So far， the researchers have shown that their method works in thale cress.“The next task is to apply our method to the closely related rapeseed plant， which we are now working on，” says Professor Halkier， leader of the research.
　　“Half of plant proteins in the EU come from rapeseed plants.The climate crisis demands that we reduce meat consumption and eat more plants， which is where rapeseed has great potential as a new source of plant protein.Our latest research results bring us a step closer to making full use of rapeseed，” says Professor Halkier.
5.What is the function of Paragraph 2？（　　）
A.To state the reason. B.To offer the solution.
C.To give an example. D.To introduce the topic.
6.According to the research， how did scientists rid thale cress of its bitter taste？（　　）
A.By selecting better seeds.
B.By removing the three proteins.
C.By increasing sweet tastes.
D.By storing defensive substances.
7.What do Halkier’s words in last paragraph focus on？（　　）
A.Researchers’ efforts to better the taste.
B.Researchers’ progress in their experiment.
C.Rapeseed’s role in relieving climate crisis.
D.Rapeseed’s potential as a new protein source.
8.Which of the following is a suitable title for this text？（　　）
A.Harmful Proteins Discovered in Rapeseed
B.Rapeseed Widely Used as Oil and Animal Food
C.Researchers Closer to Making Rapeseed Safe Food
D.New Plant Proteins in Rapeseed Finally Uncovered
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
　　All TED talks are interesting.The presenters present creative ideas that， in turn， cause us to think further on the issue or topic.One talk that particularly stuck in my mind was How Simple Ideas Lead to Scientific Discoveries by Adam Savage.Known for hosting the show MythBusters on the Discovery Channel， Savage put forward the idea that a scientist who discovers amazing things is no different than any other person.9.（　　） But do not get confused， these scientists are not all philosophers who sit in a room and question everything.They simply witness something during their lifetime and wonder why or how it occurred.
　　10.（　　）He began his discussion with an appealing tale of a little boy called Richard Feynman who wondered how inertia （惯性） worked， and later told the audience how that one experience led him to win a Nobel Prize in Physics.11.（　　） He also integrated （融入） his points with stories.These tales， not only were great examples， but also maintained the captivation （吸引力） of the audience.
　　I believe it is key to have passion in what you are discussing.12.（　　） But if you effectively show your ideas and why you have an interest， the audience is more likely to also develop an interest.Savage did an amazing job of this during his speech.
　　13.（　　） I like to learn new things， but science is not my favourite subject.After watching Savage’s talk， I wanted to learn more about the history of science.
A.I believe that should be all presenters’ goal.
B.He was a lifelong maker of things and curious person.
C.As a liberal arts major， I have little interest in science.
D.The audience may not share your passion in the beginning.
E.The majority of the discoveries that have been made were the results of wonder.
F.Savage then continued to make his points about how most scientific discoveries were found.
G.One of the strongest techniques that Savage used throughout his speech was storytelling.
Ⅲ.完形填空
　　Dad Joel Wagener is using his newly-founded ice cream business to give back to his community and create a career path for his children.
　　Wagener started 　14　 an ice cream truck in April 2021.He bought the used vehicle in January， and soon， a（n） 　15　 was born.Two of his children 　16　 on the truck.Son Josh and daughter Mary Kate were both born with Down syndrome （唐氏综合征）， and Wagener quickly 　17　 that the truck offered a 　18　 to them as they neared the end of the school system.
　　“At every stage， with special needs kids， you look towards the future and what’s their 　19　 going to be like in the next phase，” Wagener explained.“It also becomes more of a（n） 　20　 for us as parents to say ‘What can we do to help them add some 　21　 to society？’ That’s very important to us.”
　　Now， Mary Kate and Josh are having a great time 　22　 with their dad to sell what they call the best ice cream in America.Wagener said that working alongside his children on the truck has been “the greatest 　23　”.
　　Since the start of April， the family has sold more than 10，000 delicious treats in the Cincinnati area.Wagener is 　24　 to expand the business and help even more children with special needs while 　25　 his mission to help his children.
　　“As a parent， you have 　26　，” Wagener said.“I don’t know whether they will be totally 　27　.But we hope to 　28　 them in that direction.”
14.（　）A.operating B.driving
C.repairing D.testing
15.（　）A.star B.tradition
C.idea D.business
16.（　）A.spoke up B.cleaned up
C.helped out D.checked out
17.（　）A.admitted B.realized
C.decided D.explained
18.（　）A.future B.treatment
C.deal D.trip
19.（　）A.society B.family
C.life D.action
20.（　）A.achievement B.encouragement
C.opportunity D.responsibility
21.（　）A.luck B.value
C.fun D.power
22.（　）A.competing B.playing
C.working D.sharing
23.（　）A.joy B.risk
C.need D.example
24.（　）A.happening B.hoping
C.waiting D.hesitating
25.（　）A.changing B.planning
C.supporting D.continuing
26.（　）A.desires B.fears
C.successes D.challenges
27.（　）A.reasonable B.normal
C.independent D.correct
28.（　）A.control B.move
C.return D.protect
Ⅳ.语法填空
　　In 1938， a British engineer and amateur meteorologist （业余的气象学家） made a discovery 29.　　　　　　 set off a public discussion on climate change.
　　Scientists had known for many years that carbon dioxide could trap （吸收） heat and warm 30.　　　　　　 planet.But Guy Callendar was the first 31.　　　　　　 （connect） human activities to global warming.
　　He showed that land temperatures 32.　　　　　　 （increase） over the previous half-century， and he theorized that people were raising Earth’s temperature by 33.　　　　　　 （burn） fossil fuels in fireplaces， 34.　　　　　　 （factory） and even his beloved motorcycles.
　　When Callendar published his findings， many scientists saw 35.　　　　　　 （he） as an outsider.But he was right.His theory became 36.　　　　　　 （common） known as “the Callendar Effect”.Today， it’s known as global warming.
　　A theoretical basis for climate change had been developed over the 114 years leading up to Callendar’s research.Scientists including Joseph Fourier， Eunice Newton Foote， John Tyndall 37.　　　　　　 Svante Arrhenius had developed an understanding of how water vapor （水蒸气） in the air trapped heat， noted that carbon dioxide also trapped large amounts of heat and thought about how 38.　　　　　　 （grow） fossil fuel use could raise the Earth’s temperature and change the climate.However， these scientists spoke only of future possibilities.Callendar showed global warming was already happening.
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