Section Ⅲ Integrated skills
续写一篇关于洪灾的故事
本单元写作任务是续写一篇关于洪灾的故事，属于叙事类记叙文。叙事类记叙文以叙述事件为主，着重描述事件发生的时间、地点、人物、起因、经过和结果，通过叙述一件事来说明一个道理或表达一种思想感情，或给读者一种启迪。
读后续写是一种将阅读与写作紧密结合起来进行考查的新题型。读后续写具有如下特点：一是续写不是随心所欲的，要根据所给材料及段落开头语完成续写部分；二是读后续写所给的材料多为记叙文，情节曲折且逻辑性比较强；三是读后续写要求读写并重，也就是要读透所给材料，对文章线索做到精确理解，这样才能使续写内容不偏离主题；四是续写部分的思路和内容并不是唯一的，学生可以根据自己对文章的理解，对文章的结尾作不同的诠释。
续写时要注意以下几点：
1.精读所给语言材料，真正读懂原文，熟悉故事脉络，明确文章的主旨大意。
2.寻找原文内容与续写首句之间的内在联系，站在作者的角度设计情节，想象要合理，情节要连贯。
3.续写情节一般为故事的高潮或结局，是原作者声音的延续，因此，要尽量符合原作者的思路，并求得与读者的心理共鸣。
4.设计的结局要尽量完美，即所续写内容要积极、健康，把事物美好的一面展现给读者。
5.利用已有的知识经验，在延续原作的风格和语言的基础之上，准确、地道地表达，同时提高关联词与过渡语的使用率，增强整句的表现力。
一、写作常用词汇
1.nervous adj. 紧张不安的
2.rescue n.& vt. 营救，救援
3.comfort vt. 安慰
4.rain non-stop 雨下个不停
5.in panic 恐慌地
6.flood in 涌入
7.be trapped in 困于……之中
8.at a loss 不知所措
9.keep one’s head 保持头脑清醒
10.force the door open 撞开门
11.rush out 冲出去
12.disaster supplies 赈灾物资
13.in ruins 严重受损；破败不堪
14.a first-aid kit 一套急救用品
15.stay/keep calm 保持冷静
16.call an emergency 打紧急电话
17.in shock 震惊；吃惊
18.sweep away 消灭；彻底消除
二、写作常用句式（注意加黑部分的表达）
（一）人物对话描写
“Mum， Dad，” said Mary suddenly， “I think we should leave here right away！”
“No，” said Dad.“It’s too late！ The radio says the city has already been flooded.”
“We can drive our car through the floodwater！ Let’s just leave！ I’m really scared！” cried Mary.
“We can’t do that， honey，” explained Mum， “otherwise the moving water could wash the car away！”
“Don’t open the door！” shouted Mum and Dad at the same time.“The water may flood in！”
“Mary， don’t worry.Everything’s going to be OK，” she said softly， trying her best to comfort Mary.
（二）场景描写
1.It had been raining non-stop for three days.
2.The wind roared and the rain beat on the roof and windows.
3.The sudden silence in the house seemed to make the wind and rain more frightening outside.
（三）动作描写
1.Mary was looking through the windows at the endless rain outside.
2.Dad was listening to a weather report on the radio， while Mum was putting their important documents and disaster supplies into a bag.
3.Mary walked to the door.She was curious to see how much water there was outside.
4.Dad moved the dinner table against the door， in case the floodwater forced the door open.
5.Mum waved to Mary to sit on the sofa.
6.Without saying a single word， Dad walked to the sofa， sat down and hugged his wife and daughter.
课文Caught in a flood讲述了一个家庭遭遇洪水的故事，请阅读课文，根据文中所给信息续写这个故事，使之构成一篇完整的短文。续写词数应为150左右。
第一步：泛读，把握文章要素
第二步：精读，理清故事线索
1.情节发展线
2.情感变化线
第三步：构思，推测续写情节
1.先根据文中已知信息，预测结果
“Mum， Dad，” said Mary suddenly， “I think we should leave here right away！” “No，” said Dad.“It’s too late！ The radio says the city has already been flooded.”...“We can’t do that， honey，” explained Mum， “otherwise the moving water could wash the car away！”
结果：Mary and her family will waiting for rescue.
2.后根据文本发展线索，推断细节
What safety tips can be used to protect themselves？ Will there be any emotional changes？
（1）根据文章第一段的Mary and her parents were ① in the living room； Mum was putting ② into a bag.可勾勒出下面续写部分的一些细节。
续写：到楼上之后，他们松了一口气。楼下洪水已经涌进了整个起居室。他们都很紧张。幸运的是，他们有足够的食物和水。
（2）根据文章中的Dad was listening to a weather report ① ； The radio says the city has already been flooded； “Mary， don’t worry.Everything’s going to be OK，” she said softly， trying her best to ② Mary； Dad walked to the sofa， sat down and ③ his wife and daughter.可勾勒出下面续写部分的一些细节。
续写：爸爸安慰、鼓励她们。后来他们从收音机中得知政府正在组织救援队乘船来营救困在家里的人们。想到即将得救，他们激动不已。
第四步：续写，优化润色成文
续写时，要正确利用对话、场景和动作。遵循与原有的语言风格保持一致的原则。
【即时演练】
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
My best friend Lily and I met in high school.Ever since then， we had spent New Year’s Eve together.We’d watch the New Year’s celebration in Times Square together on TV， a world-renowned tradition for millions to welcome the new year.Every year， thousands of people will gather in Times Square in New York in person on New Year’s Eve counting down to the new year， with celebrations and performances after midnight.And we’d always say that one day we should go there ourselves.
Then we both went to college.Struggling through exams and schoolwork， we had little time to meet up.We missed each other terribly and decided it was time to finally go to New York ourselves， to be present at the New Year’s celebration， and to do something fun together.
We worked out our schedule， bought tickets for everything and， most importantly， planned how to survive the long hours of waiting in the biting cold before the celebration—we wanted the best spot possible， and there’s only so much space， so we had no choice but to get to the Times Square early.
When the big day finally arrived， it became snowy and colder than any cold we had ever experienced.Actually it was one of the coldest New Year’s Eves on record.Everyone thought we were going to back out.
But we didn’t.We didn’t make it that far to back out.
We woke up and set off early.And， of course， we did freeze along the way， but we kept cheering each other up.Once we got there， we found our way to the line pretty quickly， considering everyone else was pushing their way in the same direction.We got in line and waited to finally get into our area in the Times Square， which thankfully was pretty spacious and close to the stage.
注意：1.续写词数应为150左右；
2.请按如下格式作答。
Halfway through the day， my friend and I couldn’t feel our toes.
“Three， two， one.Happy New Year！” we screamed the words as loud as possible.
otherwise adv.否则，不然；除此以外
【教材原句】 “We can’t do that， honey，” explained Mum， “otherwise the moving water could wash the car away！”
“亲爱的，我们不能那样做，”妈妈解释道，“否则流动的水会把车冲走的！”
【用法】
（1）otherwise＝or/or else 否则，不然 常用句型：祈使句＋otherwise＋陈述句 （2）otherwise＝in the other way/in a different way 以其他方式；另；亦 （3）otherwise作副词时，有时表示一种含蓄的虚拟条件，此时其后的句子用虚拟语气 （4）or otherwise 或其他情况；或相反
【佳句】 You have to go now， otherwise you’ll miss your bus.
你现在就得走，要不然就赶不上公共汽车了。
I’ve got a cold — otherwise I would love to see the film with you.我感冒了——否则我会很乐意和你一起去看电影。
【练透】 语境辨义/完成句子
①We must hurry， otherwise we’ll miss the train.
②There was some music playing upstairs.Otherwise the house was silent.
③Thanks for your suggestion， otherwise I to solve this problem.
谢谢你的建议，要不然我不会顺利地解决这个问题。
【写美】 句型转换
④If you don’t seize the chance， you will regret it.
→ （otherwise）
curious adj.好奇的；奇特的
【教材原句】 She was curious to see how much water there was outside.
她好奇地想看看外面有多少水。
【用法】
（1）be curious about 对……感到好奇 be curious to do sth 渴望做某事 it is curious that ... 不寻常的是…… （2）curiosity n. 好奇；好奇心 with curiosity 好奇地 out of curiosity 出于好奇 meet/satisfy one’s curiosity 满足某人的好奇心 （3）curiously adv. 好奇地；奇怪的是
【佳句】 In high school， I was curious about the computer and built my first website.
中学时，我对电脑很好奇，并建立了我的第一个网站。
It is good to be curious about the world around you because curiosity is the best teacher.
对你周围的世界感到好奇是件好事，因为好奇是最好的老师。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①Liz picked up the blue envelope and turned it over （curious）.
②The little girl looked at me with （curious）.
③People gathered round， curious （know） what was happening in the distance.
【写美】 根据汉语提示完成句子
④ （对一切感到好奇）， we walked about in the school.
⑤ （出于好奇）， the girl can’t wait to open the envelope.
提示：完成课后作业 UNIT 2 Section Ⅲ
4 / 5Section Ⅰ Welcome to the unit & Reading
[1]Pupils’ lives spared① during Falmont earthquake
By Raymond Tran
18 March
[2]FALMONT—On 17 March， 476 students and 36 teachers at Falmont Primary School escaped an earthquake that hit② the county at 2：27 p.m.Only 5 students suffered slight injuries， despite the current figures of 7 killed and over 200 injured③ in the disaster④ area at large⑤.
[1]英语报刊的新闻标题一般不用过去时态，通常采用现在时态，以达到使动词既传神达意又具有时间感的目的，这种用法被称作“新闻现在时”。 该标题省略了be动词are； 标题中的spared 是对新闻核心内容的提炼；后置的介词短语during Falmont earthquake点明事件发生的情境。
[2]句中that 引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词an earthquake，that 在从句中作主语。
[3]Alice Brown， head teacher at Falmont Primary School， was teaching when the floor began to shake. Her students’ reaction⑥ was quick and correct — they moved under their desks， head first， and held on to⑦ the legs of the desks.[4]At the same time， Miss Brown quickly opened the classroom door， in case⑧ it became damaged during the shaking and could not open.[5]There were loud crashes⑨ of glass breaking and things falling to the ground， but the students remained still and waited calmly and quietly.
[3]本句为sb was doing ... when ...句型，表示“某人正在做……，这时（突然）……”，when用作并列连词，when后的分句用一般过去时。其中head teacher at Falmont Primary School作Alice Brown的同位语。
[4]句中in case引导目的状语从句，意为“以防，以免”。
[5]本句是but连接的并列句。前一个分句中of glass breaking and things falling to the ground是介词短语作后置定语；glass breaking和 things falling to the ground是动词-ing形式的复合结构。
[6]The moment the shaking stopped， Miss Brown sensed it was the best time for the class to make their escape⑩. She signalled to her students to exit the classroom in an orderly line covering their heads with their hands.Within one minute and twenty seconds， the whole class went down the stairs and rushed to the playground.Soon students from other classes arrived too.[7]After a roll call confirmed that all were safe and sound ， they relaxed， laughing， crying and hugging each other.
[6]名词短语The moment用作连词，引导时间状语从句，表示“一……就……”；主句谓语动词sensed后接省略that的宾语从句；it was the best time for sb to do sth 表示“是某人做某事的最好时候”。
[7]句中After 引导时间状语从句，从句中含有一个that引导的宾语从句that all were safe and sound；主句谓语是relaxed，三个并列的动词-ing形式laughing， crying和 hugging作伴随状语。
“We practise earthquake safety procedures twice a year，” said Miss Brown，“so the kids were calm enough to protect themselves during the earthquake.”
Girl saves 100 from tsunami
By Jessie Cable
21 December
[8]NEWDALE—On 20 December， a series of huge waves caused by an undersea earthquake raced across the ocean near Goldshore and left thousands dead.[9]Goldshore Beach was the only local beach to survive the disaster without any loss of life.A 10-year-old girl， Sabrina Andron， helped around 100 people escape danger with her knowledge of tsunamis.
[8]过去分词短语caused by ...earthquake作后置定语，修饰名词短语a series of huge waves；left thousands dead是“leave＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构。
[9]句中beach由the only修饰，故其后用动词不定式短语to survive ...of life作后置定语。
The day began like any other on Goldshore Beach.[10]People were walking， running or simply sitting on the sandy beach， enjoying the warm sea air and the soft wind that brushed their hair.Sabrina was one of the happy tourists until she noticed something odd .[11]“The water was like the bubbles on the top of a beer，” she later explained.“It wasn’t calm and it wasn’t going in and then out.It was just coming in and in and in.” Sabrina had just learnt about tsunamis in a Geography lesson.[12] It immediately occurred to her that these were signs of an approaching tsunami .
[10]本句用并列结构walking， running or simply sitting ...描写了平常的一天游客们在海边悠闲、舒适的状态，与下文中海啸来临前的不平常形成强烈对比；enjoying ...their hair 为动词-ing形式短语作伴随状语；that引导定语从句，修饰先行词the soft wind。
[11]本句使用了明喻的修辞手法，将海水（water）的状态比喻成（like）啤酒表面的泡沫（the bubbles on the top of a beer），生动形象。
[12]It occurred to sb that ...表示“某人突然想到……”，其中，It 为形式主语，真正的主语是that引导的从句。
Sabrina was frightened， but she soon kept her head .She warned her parents of the danger， though at first they just thought she was joking.[13]However， Sabrina was certain that a terrible disaster was on its way and kept asking her parents to talk to a safety officer.To her great relief ， the officer immediately realized the coming danger.The beach was rapidly cleared of people， just before the huge waves crashed into the coast.
[13]句中was certain that ...和kept asking ...是并列谓语；that a terrible disaster was on its way是that引导的宾语从句。
【读文清障】
①spare [生义]vt. 使幸免；使逃脱
②hit vi.& vt.攻击，袭击；打击，危害 n.打，击；受欢迎的人（或事物）
③injure vt.伤害，使受伤；损害
injured adj.受伤的
injury n.伤害；损害
④disaster n.灾难，灾害；彻底失败
disastrous adj.灾难性的
⑤at large 整个，全部
⑥reaction n.反应，回应；抗拒；化学反应
react vi.（对……）起反应，回应
⑦hold on to 抓紧，不放开
hold on （接电话）请稍等
⑧in case 以防；以防万一
in case of 如果；假使
⑨crash n.碰撞声，破裂声；碰撞；崩溃
vi.& vt.碰撞，撞击；崩溃
⑩make one’s escape 逃生
have a narrow escape 死里逃生；九死一生
signal vi.& vt.发信号，示意；标志 n.信号，暗号；标志；信号灯
exit vt.& vi.出去，离去，退场；退出 n.出口，通道；离开
entrance n.入口；通道；进入
the entrance/exit to ... ……的入口/出口
orderly adj.有秩序的，有条理的，整齐的
in an orderly line 井然有序；有秩序地排队
stair n.楼梯；梯级
upstairs adv.在楼上
downstairs adv.在楼下
roll n.名单；卷；一管；翻滚
vi.& vt.翻滚，滚动；翻身；卷起
roll call 点名
confirm vt.证实，确认；使确信；批准
confirmation n.证实；确认书；证明书
safe and sound 安然无恙的
hug vt.拥抱，搂抱；抱紧
[同义]embrace vt.拥抱，抱
procedure n.程序，步骤，手续
safety procedures 安全程序
tsunami n.海啸
a series of 一系列
[同义]a range of
race vt.& vi.赛跑；比赛；快速移动；快速运转
race across 急速横渡，急速穿越
odd adj.奇怪的，怪异的；偶尔的；不成对的
[同义]strange， unusual
[反义]normal， regular
bubble n.泡沫，泡，气泡
occur vi.发生，出现；存在于
occur to 被想到，浮现在脑中
it occurs to sb that ...某人突然意识到……
an approaching tsunami 一场即将到来的海啸
keep one’s head （在困境中）保持冷静
relief n.宽慰，轻松；减轻，消除；救济
to one’s great relief 使某人大为宽慰的是
clear ...of sb 使某人离开
be cleared of 被清除；撤走；清空
clear up 清理；消除；（天气）放晴
【参考译文】
弗尔蒙特发生地震 小学生成功逃生
雷蒙德·特兰
3月18日
弗尔蒙特——3月17日下午2：27，一场地震袭击了弗尔蒙特县，弗尔蒙特小学476名学生和36名教师成功逃生。尽管目前整个灾区的伤亡数字是7人死亡，200多人受伤，但（在这所学校）只有5名学生受了轻伤。
弗尔蒙特小学校长艾丽斯·布朗当时正在授课，突然地面开始晃动。她的学生们反应迅速、正确——他们头朝里， 爬到课桌下面，并紧紧抓住桌腿。与此同时，布朗女士立刻打开教室门，以防门在震动中损坏打不开。尽管玻璃破碎和物体落地发出阵阵巨响，但是学生们仍然一动不动，沉着安静地等待着。
晃动一停止，布朗女士立即意识到这是全班逃生的最好时机。她示意学生们抱着头，排好队，有序离开教室。1分20秒内，全班下楼梯，跑到了操场上。很快，其他班的学生也赶到了。点名确认所有人都安然无恙后，他们才放松下来，笑啊，哭啊，互相拥抱着。
“我们每年进行两次地震安全程序演练，”布朗女士说，“因此在地震时，孩子们都十分镇定，能够保护好自己。”
女孩拯救百人免遭海啸袭击
杰西·凯布尔
12月21日
纽代尔——12月20日，由海底地震引起的一排排巨浪急速冲过金海岸附近的海面，造成数千人死亡。金海岸海滩是当地唯一一个在此次灾难中没有任何人员损失的海滩。一个10岁的女孩，萨布丽娜·安德龙，利用自己掌握的海啸知识帮助大约100人脱险。
那天刚开始，金海岸海滩上与往常一样。人们在散步、晨跑，或者就是坐在沙滩上，享受着温暖的海边空气和拂过发际的微风。萨布丽娜是这些快乐的游客中的一个，直到她注意到了一些奇怪的现象。“海水像啤酒表面的泡沫一样，” 她后来解释说，“不平静，也没有潮来潮去。海水只是一个劲儿地涌过来，涌过来，再涌过来。”萨布丽娜刚在一节地理课上学习了有关海啸的知识。她立刻意识到这些是海啸来临的征兆。
萨布丽娜吓坏了，不过她很快冷静下来。她提醒父母有危险，但一开始他们只当她是在开玩笑。不过，萨布丽娜确信，一场可怕的灾难正在逼近，于是便不停地让父母去和安全员谈一谈。使她大为宽慰的是，这名安全员立即意识到了即将到来的危险。就在巨浪拍岸的前一刻，海滩上的人迅速疏散一空。
第一步：析架构，理文本脉络
Read the passage quickly and fill in the blanks with suitable words.
第二步：精读文，达明察秋毫
Read the passage carefully and choose the best answer.
1.What did Miss Brown do when she found the floor began to shake？（ ）
A. She waited calmly and quietly.
B.She still taught in the classroom.
C.She quickly opened the classroom door.
D.She signalled to her students to exit the classroom.
2.Why could the kids protect themselves during the earthquake？（ ）
A.The students of Falmont Primary School were brave.
B.They practised earthquake safety procedures regularly.
C.The classroom doors of Falmont Primary School were open.
D.Alice Brown was the head teacher at Falmont Primary School.
3.How did Sabrina’s parents react when they heard her warning at first？（ ）
A. They thought she was joking.
B.They cleared the beach rapidly.
C.They told the safety officer immediately.
D.They immediately realized the coming danger.
4.What’s the right order according to the second passage？（ ）
a.Sabrina’s parents didn’t believe her words.
b.Sabrina’s parents talked to the safety officer.
c.The beach was rapidly cleared of people by the safety officer.
d.People were enjoying the warm sea air and the soft wind happily.
e.Sabrina noticed something unusual and told her parents.
A.cdeba B.eabcd C.cbaed D.deabc
5.Which of the following can best describe Sabrina？（ ）
A.Frank and brave.
B.Wise and calm.
C.Responsible and generous.
D.Energetic and independent.
第三步：通词句，学语言表达
1.词汇学习——循规律，记单词
这两则新闻报道多次使用crash和escape，但在不同的句子中，其词性、词义也不尽相同。
（1）请从课文中找出使用crash的句子，指出它们的词性并背诵句子。
①
②
（2）请从课文中找出使用escape的句子，指出它们的词性并背诵句子。
①
②
③
2.美句欣赏——赏佳句，品用法
（1）明喻是通常用比喻词对两个不同的事物进行比较的一种常见的比喻类型，明喻直接表明本体和喻体的相似之处，喻体和本体的相似之处都是拥有“包容”的特点。常用的明喻标志词有 like、 as、 seem、 as ...as、 as if、 as though、 similar to等。
请从课文中找出一处使用明喻的句子。
（2）场景描写：在描述场景时，使用视觉和听觉进行细节描述，能让读者有身临其境之感。
请从课文中找出一处场景描写的句子。
Part Ⅰ 核心词汇集释
injure vt.伤害，使受伤；损害
【教材原句】 Only 5 students suffered slight injuries， despite the current figures of 7 killed and over 200 injured in the disaster area at large.
尽管目前整个灾区的伤亡数字是7人死亡，200多人受伤，但（在这所学校）只有5名学生受了轻伤。
【用法】
（1）injure one’s pride/feelings 伤害某人的自尊/情感 （2）injured adj. 受伤的，有伤的 be/get badly/seriously injured 严重受伤 the injured 受伤的人；伤员 （3）injury n. 伤；伤害；损伤 do an injury to sb＝do sb an injury 伤害某人
【佳句】 Two-thirds of them died or were injured during the earthquake.
他们中三分之二的人在地震中死去或受伤。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①Don’t do that.You will do yourself an （injure）.
②If you try to lift that heavy suitcase， you will do an injury yourself.
③The （injure） were taken to the nearest hospital during the big fire.
④Because she （injure） badly， she cannot go climbing with us as planned.
【写美】 用非谓语动词升级句④
⑤ ， she cannot go climbing with us as planned.
reaction n.反应，回应；抗拒；化学反应
【教材原句】 Her students’ reaction was quick and correct—they moved under their desks， head first， and held on to the legs of the desks.
她的学生们反应迅速、正确——他们头朝里，爬到课桌下面，并紧紧抓住桌腿。
【用法】
（1）reaction to 对……的反应 （2）react vi. （对……）起反应；回应；（对食物等）有不良反应 react to 对……作出反应/回应 react on/upon 对……有影响 react with 与……发生化学反应 react against 反对；反抗
【佳句】 It’s your choice how you live your life — you choose how you react to situations and how people will affect your mood.
如何过你的生活是你的选择——你来选择你如何对情况作出反应以及人们将如何影响你的心情。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①Iron reacts water and air to produce rust.
②This produced a chain （react）， which made it possible for life to develop.
③Children sometimes react the things their parents believe in， which can bother the parents much.
【写美】 一句多译
④你认为他会对你的建议作何反应？
→How do you think ？（react）
→What do you think ？（reaction）
signal vi.& vt.发信号，示意；标志 n.信号，暗号；标志；信号灯
【教材原句】 She signalled to her students to exit the classroom in an orderly line covering their heads with their hands.
她示意学生们抱着头，排好队，有序离开教室。
【用法】
（1）signal （to） sb to do sth 示意某人做某事 signal sth to sb 向某人示意某事 signal （sb） that ... 示意（某人）…… （2）traffic signals 交通信号灯 a danger/warning signal 危险/警告信号
【佳句】 He signalled widely for help， but nobody noticed.
他拼命地发信号求助，但是没有人注意到。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①As soon as he sat down at the table， he signalled to the waiter （bring） the menu.
【写美】 完成句子
②In order not to be heard， she pointed her finger upwards to .为了不让别人听见，她向上伸出手指示意有人在楼上走动。
confirm vt.证实，确认；使确信；批准
【教材原句】 After a roll call confirmed that all were safe and sound， they relaxed， laughing， crying and hugging each other.
点名确认所有人都安然无恙后，他们才放松下来，笑啊，哭啊，互相拥抱着。
【用法】
（1）confirm that ... 证实……；确定…… confirm sb in sth 使某人确信某事 confirm one’s belief/determination坚定某人的信念/决心 It has been confirmed that ...已经确定…… （2）confirmation n. 证实；确认书；证明书
【佳句】 His new role could confirm him as one of the leading actors.
他的新角色会确保他跻身一流演员之列。
【练透】 单句语法填空/完成句子
①It has confirmed me my decision not to give up my studies.
②We are still awaiting （confirm） of the exact number of people injured.
③His support .
他的支持坚定了我的决心。
【写美】 翻译句子
④已经确定会议将于下周召开。
occur vi.（occurred， occurred； occurring）发生，出现；存在于
【教材原句】 It immediately occurred to her that these were signs of an approaching tsunami.
她立刻意识到这些是海啸来临的征兆。
【用法】
occur to 被想到，浮现在脑中 sth occurs to sb 某人突然想起某事 It occurs to/strikes/hits sb that ... 某人突然想起…… It occurs to sb to do sth 某人突然想起做某事
【佳句】 There were all sorts of disasters that used to occur on the way to and from work.过去，在上下班的路上经常发生各种各样的悲剧。
【点津】 occur 没有被动语态，不用于进行时。occur作谓语时，主语不能是人。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①With an idea occurring me， I stepped to my brother.
②He was unconscious and as I looked at his face， something （occur） to me.
③It didn’t occur to her （ask） for help.
【写美】 完成句子
④ she should adopt the homeless child.
她突然想到她应该收养这个无家可归的孩子。
relief n.宽慰，轻松；减轻，消除；救济
【教材原句】 To her great relief， the officer immediately realized the coming danger.
使她大为宽慰的是，这名安全员立即意识到了即将到来的危险。
【用法】
（1）to one’s （great） relief使某人（深感）宽慰的是 with relief 如释重负；松了口气 sigh with relief 松了口气 disaster relief 赈灾物质 It is a relief to do sth 做某事是令人欣慰的 breathe a sigh of relief 如释重负地松了口气 What a relief！ 可轻松了！ （2）relieve vt. 减轻；缓解；消除；救济 relieve sb of sth 缓解/减轻某人的（痛苦、负担等）；解除……的职务 （3）relieved adj. 感到欣慰的
【佳句】 It was a relief to be able to talk to your parents about what your trouble was.
能和父母谈谈你的烦恼是一种解脱。
【练透】 单句语法填空/完成句子
①He watched with （relieve） as the girl nodded.
②The officer involved （relieve） of his duties because he had violated strict guidelines.
③ ， the children all arrived home safely.
使我们大为宽慰的是，孩子们都安全到家了。
④Behind me I could hear other girls .
我能听到身后其他几个女孩都如释重负地松了口气。
【写美】 完成句子
⑤His children all found a good job， .（relieved）
使他感到宽慰的是，他的孩子都找到了好的工作。
inform vt.了解，熟悉；通知
【教材原句】 Remember to inform yourself of what is going on.
记得要了解事态的进展。
【用法】
（1）inform sb of/about sth 告知某人某事 inform sb that/where/how ... 通知某人…… keep sb informed of sth 使某人随时了解某事 （2）information n.[U]信息；资料 a piece of information 一则消息
【佳句】 We will inform you in writing if your application has been successful.
如果你的申请获得成功，我们将以书面形式通知你。
Keep me informed of any developments.
随时通知我进展情况。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①The boss asked his secretary to keep him well （inform） of the programme’s progress.
②Besides， they often get some useful （inform） from the Internet.
③He later informed me I was “not athletic”.
【写美】 完成句子
④I’m more than delighted that a short English film will be shown this weekend.我非常高兴地告诉你这则好消息：本周末将放映一部英语短片。
Part Ⅱ 重点句型解构
句型公式：be doing ...when ...正在做……，这时（突然）……
【教材原句】 Alice Brown， head teacher at Falmont Primary School， was teaching when the floor began to shake.
弗尔蒙特小学校长艾丽斯·布朗当时正在授课，突然地面开始晃动。
【用法】
正要做……，这时…… （2）had （just） done ...when ... 刚做完……，这时…… （3）hardly ...when ... 正要做……；这时…… 注意：上述句型中，when用作并列连词，相当于and at this/that time。
【品悟】 He had （just） finished his homework when his mother asked him to play the piano.
他刚做完作业，这时妈妈要求他弹钢琴。
【写美】 完成句子/一句多译
①I I suddenly saw an old man knocked down by a car.
我正走在街上，突然看到一位老人被一辆汽车撞倒了。
②I he called me.我刚要入睡，他就打电话给我。
③我正要出发，这时开始下起大雨来了。
→I it began to rain heavily.
→I it began to rain heavily.
句型公式：in case引导目的状语从句
【教材原句】 At the same time， Miss Brown quickly opened the classroom door， in case it became damaged during the shaking and could not open.
与此同时，布朗女士立刻打开教室门，以防门在震动中损坏打不开。
【用法】
（1）in case常见的三种用法：
①用作连词，引导目的状语从句，意为“以防（发生某事）”；
②用作连词，引导条件状语从句，意为“如果，假使”；
③起副词作用，在句中作状语，可单独使用，意为“以防万一”。
（2）in case of 如果，假使（发生某事）
in any case 无论如何，不管怎样
in this/that case 如果是这样/那样的话；在这种/那种情况下
as is often the case 这是常有的事
in no case 决不（置于句首时，句子用部分倒装）
【品悟】 In case he arrives before I get back， please ask him to wait.
如果我回来前他就到了，请叫他等我。
I’m sure Henry will remember the time of the meeting， but why not give him a ring in case？
我确信亨利会记得会议时间，但以防万一，为什么不给他打个电话呢？
【写美】 完成句子/句式升级
①You had better take an umbrella with you .
你最好带把伞，以防下雨。
② ， here’s my telephone number.
万一你需要帮助的话，这是我的电话号码。
③He was late for school this morning， .
他今天上午上学迟到了，这是常有的事。
④ fire， ring the alarm bell.
如遇火警，即按警铃。
⑤We should in no case do anything that goes against the law.
→ do anything that goes against the law.（部分倒装）
提示：完成课后作业 UNIT 2 Section Ⅰ
12 / 12Section Ⅳ Extended reading & Project & Assessment
The Last Days of Pompeii
（Excerpt）
Edward Bulwer-Lytton （1803－1873） was a talented British writer who left his mark on① the English language.[1]His classic novel The Last Days of Pompeii imagines life in the ancient Roman② city of Pompeii in the year 79③， when Mount Vesuvius erupted④.[2]This terrible natural disaster destroyed Pompeii completely， but it also kept the ancient city as it was for future ages.Since 1748， Pompeii has been systematically⑤ unearthed⑥.Today it is an international tourist destination⑦.
[1]句中when引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词the year 79，when在从句中作时间状语。
[2]句中as引导方式状语从句，as后的it指代前面的 the ancient city； as it was 意为“按照原来的样子”。
Pompeii was a typical Roman city.In its little shops， its tiny palaces， its forum⑧， its wine bars⑨， its theatre—in the energy and skill⑩ of its people， you saw a model of the whole Roman Empire.[3]Trading ships bringing imports to the city or carrying exports overseas， along with golden pleasure boats for the rich， were crowded together in the glassy water of the port .The boats of the fishermen moved rapidly in all directions .Above all ， the cloud-capped top of Mount Vesuvius appeared.[4] Its ashy rocks， now dark， now light， told a story of past eruptions that might have warned the city what was to come！
[3]along with连接并列主语Trading ships和golden pleasure boats，谓语是were crowded together，与前面的主语Trading ships保持数的一致；动词-ing形式短语bringing imports to the city or carrying exports overseas作后置定语，修饰Trading ships。
[4]now dark， now light作伴随状语； that引导定语从句，修饰先行词a story； what was to come 作 warned 的宾语，其中be to do结构表示将来；might have done 表示“过去本可以做但实际并没有做”。
[5]The awful night rolled slowly away， and the dawn greyly broke on THE LAST DAY OF POMPEII！ [6]The crowd looked upwards， and saw， with unspeakable fear， a huge cloud shooting from the top of the volcano.It took the form of a huge tree： the trunk， blackness， the branches， fire！ This fire moved and changed in colour with every moment： now it was wildly bright， now of a pale and dying red， and now again it burnt with an unbearable light！
[5]字母全部大写，起强调作用；同时与文章标题相呼应，突出悲剧式的主题，给读者以视觉上的震撼。
[6]and连接两个并列谓语looked和saw； saw ...a huge cloud shooting ...是“感官动词＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构；介词短语with unspeakable fear在此处作状语。
The cries of women broke out ； the men looked at each other， but were silent.At that moment， they felt the earth shaking beneath their feet； beyond in the distance ， they heard the crash of falling roofs.A moment later， the mountain-cloud seemed to roll towards them， dark and rapid， like a river； at the same time， it threw out a shower of ashes and huge pieces of burning stone！[7]Over the empty streets—over the forum—far and wide —with many a noisy crash in the stormy sea—fell that awful shower！
[7]本句是完全倒装句。该句最重要的信息 fell that awful shower以主句形式出现在最后，次要的信息出现在句首， 通常，这样的句式称为“圆周句”或者“掉尾句”。这种句式可以营造一种悬念，抓住读者的注意力， 随着句子一步步展开， 一层层深入， 在末尾形成高潮， 有力地表达了重要的信息。
Each turned to fly—each running， pressing， pushing against the other.If， in the darkness， wife was separated from husband， or parent from child， there was no hope of their meeting again.Each hurried blindly and fearfully on.[8]So came the earthquake ...and so ended life in Pompeii.
Nearly seventeen centuries had rolled away before the city of Pompeii was dug from its silent resting place.[9] Its walls were fresh as if painted yesterday； not a single colour changed on the rich pattern of its floors.In its forum， the half-finished columns seemed as if just left by the workman’s hand.[10]Long after fire and ash came for the people of Pompeii， the remains of their beautiful city survive to remind us that human lives burn bright and short .
[8]本句是and连接的并列句，两个分句都是完全倒装句。
[9]as if引导方式状语从句，as if painted yesterday为状语从句的省略，完整的句子应该是as if they were painted yesterday。
[10]Long after引导时间状语从句；主句是主谓结构，其中to remind us ...是动词不定式短语作结果状语，后面that human lives ...中的that引导的是宾语从句。
【读文清障】
①leave one’s mark on 对……留下久远的影响
②Roman adj.古罗马的；罗马的
n.古罗马人；罗马人
the ancient Roman 古罗马
③in the year 79在公元79年
in the year 79 BCE在公元前79年
④erupt vi.& vt.（火山）爆发；突然发生
volcanic eruptions 火山喷发
⑤systematically adv.系统地，有组织地
systematical adj.成体系的；有条理的；系统的
system n.体系；制度；系统
⑥unearth vt.使出土，挖掘，发掘；发现，找到
[同义]excavate， explore
⑦destination n.目的地，终点
⑧forum n.（古罗马）公共集会场所；论坛
⑨bar n.酒吧；小馆子；吧台；条，块；栏杆；障碍 vt.封；阻挡；阻止
wine bars 酒吧
⑩energy and skill 活力和技艺
import n.进口产品，输入的产品；输入 vt.进口，引进
export n.出口产品，输出的产品；出口，输出 vt.出口，输出
in the glassy water 在波光粼粼的水面上
port n.港口，避风港；港口城市
[同义]harbour n.海港；港口；海湾
in all directions 朝着四面八方
above all 在……上方；首先
most of all 最重要的是；首先
cloud-capped adj.高耸入云的，耸入云霄的
ashy adj.覆盖着灰的；灰色的
ash n.灰；灰烬
dawn n.黎明，破晓；开端，萌芽 vi.开始；开始清楚
at dawn 在黎明，在拂晓
take the form of 呈现……的形状；采取……的形式
unbearable adj.难耐的，无法忍受的
[构词]un-（否定前缀）＋bear（vt.）＋-able（形容词后缀）→unbearable
[近义]intolerable adj.无法忍受的，不能容忍的，完全不可接受的
[反义]bearable adj.可忍受的，能应付的
break out 突然开始，爆发
beyond adv.在（或向）较远处；在另一边 prep.在（或向）更远处；超出；晚于；无法；超出……之外
distance n.遥远，久远；距离；差异；疏远
in the distance 在远方；在远处
far and wide 到处，各处
here and there 到处，各处
be separated from 与……分离
be divided into 被分成……
pattern n.图案，花样；模式；范例；模型
column n.柱，圆柱；柱状物；栏；专栏；队，列
remains n.遗址，遗迹；剩余物
lives burn bright and short 生命灿烂而短暂
【参考译文】
庞贝城的末日
（节选）
爱德华·布尔沃-利顿（1803－1873）是一位才华横溢的英国作家，对英语语言产生了深远的影响。在其经典小说《庞贝城的末日》中，他对公元79年维苏威火山爆发时，古罗马城市庞贝的生活场景展开了想象。这场骇人天灾将庞贝城彻底摧毁，却又为后世保存了这座古城的原貌。从1748年起，庞贝城开始得到系统发掘，如今这里已成为国际旅游胜地。
庞贝是一座典型的罗马城市。从它的一个个小商铺，一座座小殿宇、广场、酒馆、剧场中——从庞贝人的活力和技艺中，你能看到整个古罗马帝国的缩影。进口货物到城内、出口货物到海外的商船，以及富贵人家金灿灿的游船，齐聚在港口波光粼粼的水面上。条条渔船向着四面八方疾行。在这一切的上方，云雾笼罩的维苏威火山山顶若隐若现。火山岩忽明忽暗，讲述着过去火山几度喷发的故事，这本来可以警告这座城市里的人们，灾难即将降临！
可怕的夜晚缓缓退去，晦暗的晨光开启了庞贝城的末日！人们抬头仰望，眼前景象让他们感到莫名恐惧，只见一团庞大的云正从火山口喷薄而出。它的形状像一棵大树：树干呈黑色，树枝是烈火！火焰翻腾着，颜色变幻不定，时而极明亮，时而又变得微弱，呈现熄灭之前的暗红，时而又烧起来，放出刺眼的强光！
女人们开始尖叫，男人们面面相觑，却都一言不发。那一刻，他们感到大地在脚下晃动，他们听到远处屋顶坍塌的巨响。过了片刻，山上的云团似乎正向他们滚滚而来，阴沉迅猛，如汹涌的江水，与此同时，云团中抛洒下阵阵雨似的火山灰和大块大块燃烧着的石头。可怕的熔岩雨砸下来了，落在空荡荡的街道上、广场上，到处都是，落在波涛汹涌的大海里，发出阵阵巨响！
所有人都赶忙飞奔——他们奔跑，拥挤，你推我搡。黑暗中，一旦妻离子散，就绝不可能重逢了。每个人都惊慌失措地盲目奔逃。这时，地震来了……庞贝城的生活就此终结。
时间流过了近十七个世纪，庞贝城终于从它寂静的长眠之地被发掘出来。它的墙壁依然新得像昨天刚刚刷完；地板上繁复的图案，一点都没有褪色。广场上，那些尚未完工的石柱看起来就像刚刚离开工匠之手。在大火和火山灰吞噬庞贝城的人们很久很久之后，他们美丽城市的遗迹幸存下来，提醒我们人类的生命灿烂而短暂。
第一步：析架构，理文本脉络
Read the passage quickly and fill in the blanks with suitable words.
第二步：精读文，达明察秋毫
Read the passage carefully and choose the best answer.
1.Which destroyed the city of Pompeii completely？（ ）
A.A terrible flood.
B.The eruption of Mount Vesuvius.
C.A hurricane.
D.A terrible tsunami.
2.Which of the following is the right order of the volcanic eruption？（ ）
a.The fire moved and changed in colour with every moment.
b.The mountain-cloud rolled near， dark and rapid， like a river.It threw out a shower of ashes and huge pieces of burning stone！
c.A huge cloud shot from the peak of the volcano， looking like a huge tree of fire.
d.The earth began to shake and the sound of falling roofs could be heard.
e.The earthquake came.
A.acbed B.cadbe
C.abdec D.caebd
3.How did people react when they saw the eruption of Mount Vesuvius？（ ）
A.Frightened. B.Calm.
C.Brave. D.Worried.
4.We can learn from the first paragraph that .（ ）
A.there used to be few shops in Pompeii
B.the people in Pompeii used to live poorly
C.Pompeii was a busy city before it was buried
D.some boats were destroyed in the accident
5.What happened to Pompeii seventeen centuries later？（ ）
A.It was buried deep and forgotten by people forever.
B.The colour faded on the rich patterns of its floors.
C.It was restored to its former glory.
D.It remained as it had been and could still remind people of its glorious past.
第三步：通词句，学语言表达
1.词汇学习——循规律，记单词
（1）名词＋动词-ed →形容词
①cloud-capped 高耸入云的，耸入云霄的
②man-made 人造的，人工的
③machine-made 机器制造的
（2）名词＋动词-ing →形容词
①English-speaking 讲英语的，说英语的
②peace-loving 爱好和平的
（3）形容词＋动词-ing →形容词
①funny-looking 样子好笑的；长相滑稽的
②ordinary-looking 长相一般的；相貌平平的
（4）形容词＋名词-ed →形容词
①cold-blooded 冷血的，冷酷的
②good-tempered 好脾气的
2.美句欣赏——赏佳句，品用法
本篇课文中运用了多种修辞手法。下面我们结合课文来具体分析。
（1）排比：是把三个或三个以上的、结构相同或相似、意思相关、语气一致的短语、句子或段落成串地排列在一起的修辞手法。
如课文第一段中的 将六个its结构连用，起到强调作用，意指庞贝古城在方方面面都有古罗马帝国的影子。
（2）暗喻：暗喻也称隐喻，是直接将A事物当作B事物描写，A事物和B事物之间的联系或相似之处是暗含的。不用like、as等比喻词。
如课文第二段中的 采用了暗喻的修辞手法，将喷发中的火山比作一棵巨大的树。
（3）明喻：通常用比喻词对两种具有共同特征的事物或现象进行比较，表明本体和喻体的相似关系。常用的比喻词有like、as、as if等。
如课文第三段中的 采用了明喻的修辞手法，将火山喷发时爆发出的滚滚浓烟比作汹涌的江水，使读者能够身临其境地感受到火山喷发时的恐怖场面。
Part Ⅰ 核心词汇集释
beyond adv.在（或向）较远处，在另一边 prep.在（或向）更远处；超出；晚于；无法；超出……之外
【教材原句】 At that moment， they felt the earth shaking beneath their feet； beyond in the distance， they heard the crash of falling roofs.
那一刻，他们感到大地在脚下晃动；他们听到远处屋顶坍塌的巨响。
【用法】
be beyond sb 超出某人的理解能力 beyond control/repair/belief 无法控制/修理/相信 beyond one’s power 超出某人的能力 beyond one’s reach＝beyond the reach of sb 在某人够不到的地方 beyond description/expression 无法形容，难以表达 beyond comprehension 无法理解 beyond breaking point 超出极限
【佳句】 I can see through the open door into the room beyond.
通过敞开的大门我可以看见更远处的房间。
【练透】 用beyond的相关短语填空
①My mother used to keep the lighters when I was a little child.
②I’d like to help you， but it’s really .
③The beauty of the old town is really .
④This concept was utterly ， so she couldn’t follow what the teacher said.
【写美】 翻译句子
⑤我们已无法控制这一局面。
distance n.遥远，久远；距离；差异；疏远
【用法】
（1）in the distance 在远方；在远处 at/from a distance 从远处，离一段距离（不是很远） at a distance of ... 在……远的地方 within walking distance 在步行距离之内 keep one’s distance （from ...） （与……）保持距离 keep sb at a distance 对某人冷淡，疏远 （2）distant adj. 遥远的；疏远的 distantly adv. 遥远地；疏远地
【佳句】 Farther in the distance， I could enjoy the view of snowy mountains.
在更远的地方，我可以欣赏雪山的景色。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①We spotted them waving to us a distance of 50 meters.
②With many people around the fountain， I saw it pumping the water into the air a distance.
③They told me they were （distance） related in the village.
④To many people， technology means computers， hand-held devices， or vehicles that travel to （distance） planets.
【写美】 完成句子
⑤ ， we saw the Pacific Ocean for the first time.在远处， 我们第一次看到了太平洋。
rescue n.& vt.救援，营救，抢救
【教材原句】 Dogs have been very helpful in rescue efforts on land.
狗对陆地上的救援工作非常有帮助。
【用法】
（1）come to one’s rescue 营救某人，帮助某人 a rescue attempt/operation 一次营救尝试/行动 a rescue team 一支救援队 rescue workers/boats 救援人员/船只 （2）rescue sb from ... 从……中营救某人 （3）rescuer n. 营救人员
【佳句】 When we were trapped in the ruins， the rescue team came to our rescue and rescued all of us from the ruins.
当我们被困在废墟中时，救援队赶来救援，把我们从废墟中救了出来。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①Fortunately，these （rescue）brought the climbers back safe and sound.
②The two men on the fishing ship （rescue） before it sank.
③The woman is comforting the boy （rescue） from the old building.
【写美】 词汇升级
④Luckily， the police rescued us when we were trapped in the car.
→Luckily， the police when we were trapped in the car.
sharp adj.灵敏的；锋利的；急剧的；明显的；尖锐的；强烈的
【教材原句】 Because of their small size and sharp sense of smell， dogs can locate survivors much faster than humans can.因为狗体形小，嗅觉灵敏，它们定位幸存者的速度要比人快得多。
【用法】
（1）a sharp increase/fall in prices价格的急剧上涨/下跌 a sharp pain 一阵剧痛 sharp eyes 敏锐的眼睛 （2）sharply adv. 猛烈地；急剧地；明显地 sharpen vt.& vi. （使）变得锋利，变得清晰；使尖锐 sharpener n. 磨具，削具
【佳句】 I sharpened the knife using a sharpener， and now it’s sharp enough to cut meat into pieces.我用磨刀器把这把刀磨锋利，现在它很锋利，能够把肉切成碎块。
【练透】 语境辨义/单句语法填空
①After the storm， there was a sharp drop in temperature.
②It was very sharp of you to have noticed that.It is only a very small fault.
③This knife needs （sharpen）.
④The total number of private cars rose （sharp） from 32 million to 154 million.
【写美】 完成句子
⑤ you to see that！
你能看到那一点，很有洞察力！
Part Ⅱ 中频词汇特训
take the form of 呈现……的形状；采取……的形式
【教材原句】 It took the form of a huge tree： the trunk， blackness， the branches， fire！
它的形状像一棵大树：树干呈黑色，树枝是烈火！
【用法】
（1）form n. 形状；形式；结构；种类；表格；体能 vt.& vi. （使）组成；形成；构成 （2）take form 逐渐成形；逐渐发展 in the form of ... 以……的形式 fill in/out the form 填表格 （3）form the habit of doing sth 养成做某事的习惯
【佳句】 This valley takes the form of a big “U”.
这座山谷呈现出一个大大的U形。
We can form a good habit of putting the rubbish in the trash can.
我们要养成把垃圾投进垃圾箱的好习惯。
【练透】 根据汉语提示完成句子
①We are supposed to （养成良好的学习习惯）， which can contribute to better academic performance.
②Assuming that you are interested in it， please （填写申请表） and send it to us.
③Nowadays the beggars like our help （以钱的形式） rather than food.
④The aid might （呈现……的形式） personal service or of cash.
⑤In her body a new life was （逐渐成形）.
locate vt.找出……的准确位置；把……安置在（或建造于）
【教材原句】 Because of their small size and sharp sense of smell， dogs can locate survivors much faster than humans can.
因为狗体形小，嗅觉灵敏，它们定位幸存者的速度要比人快得多。
【用法】
（1）located adj. 位于；处于；坐落于 be located in/on/at 位于；坐落于 be situated in 位于；坐落于 lie in 位于 （2）location n. 地点；位置 the location of ... ……的位置
【佳句】 First of all， the reading room in school library is located on the third floor and opens from 8：00 a.m. to 5：30 p.m. on weekdays and 9：00 a.m. to 4：00 p.m. at weekends.
首先，校图书馆阅览室位于三楼，工作日上午8：00至下午5：30，周末上午9：00至下午4：00开放。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①Surrounded by green trees， the farm （locate） at the foot of the hill near our school.
②The （locate） of the newly-built factory is close to the railway.
【写美】 一句多译
③这个农场位于我市郊区，有蔬菜、水果等多种农作物。
→The farm， ， has a wide range of crops such as vegetables and fruit.（过去分词短语作定语）
→The farm， ， has a wide range of crops such as vegetables and fruit.（非限制性定语从句，lie）
Part Ⅲ 重点句型解构
句型公式：as引导的方式状语从句
【教材原句】 This terrible natural disaster destroyed Pompeii completely， but it also kept the ancient city as it was for future ages.
这场骇人天灾将庞贝城彻底摧毁，却又为后世保存了这座古城的原貌。
【用法】
as作连词的主要用法： （1）as在本句中引导方式状语从句，意为“如同，按照……的方式（样子、方法）”。常用于（just） as ...as ...和as＋动词-ed形式的省略结构中。 （2）as引导时间状语从句，意为“随着；一边……一边……”。 （3）as引导原因状语从句，意为“因为；由于”。 （4）as引导比较状语从句，意为“像……一样”。 （5）as引导让步状语从句，意为“尽管，虽然”，从句通常用倒装句式，即“名词/形容词/副词/分词/动词＋as＋系动词be/助动词”结构。
【品悟】 When in Rome， do as Romans do.
入乡随俗。
As my mother was satisfied with my behaviour， she began to smile.
由于妈妈对我的表现感到满意，她露出了笑容。
They sang songs as they were doing farm work.他们一边干农活，一边唱歌。
【写美】 完成句子/句式升级
① ， your dream will come true soon.
如果你按照我说的去做，你的梦想将很快实现。
②The two boys sang in a loud voice .两个男孩沿着河一边走，一边高歌。
③ ， I have to look it up in the dictionary.
因为我不知道这个单词的意思，只好查词典了。
④ ， he knows a lot about astronomy.
虽然他很年轻，但他知道很多天文学知识。
⑤Although they were tired， they stayed up preparing the report.
→ ， they stayed up preparing the report.（用as升级句子）
⑥As time went by， they saw less and less of each other.
→ ， they saw less and less of each other.（用with升级句子）
句型公式：be to do结构
【教材原句】 Its ashy rocks， now dark， now light， told a story of past eruptions that might have warned the city what was to come！
火山岩忽明忽暗，讲述着过去火山几度喷发的故事，这本来可以警告这座城市里的人们，灾难即将降临！
【用法】
be to do结构表示将来，主要有以下几个方面的含义： （1）表示不可避免地将要发生或命中注定的事情，常译为“注定会……，一定会……”。 （2）表示预先安排好的计划或约定。 （3）表示“必须……”，相当于must或have to。 （4）表示“想；打算”，相当于intend或want。 （5）用于if或even if/though引导的从句中，表示对未来的假设。
【品悟】 His invention was to bring a sharp increase to the rice production of the world.
他的发明注定要大幅度提高世界水稻的产量。
【点津】 在be to do结构中，若do与句子的主语构成逻辑上的动宾关系，动词不定式要用to be done。
【写美】 完成句子
①The discovery on the treatment of heart disease.
这一发现将对心脏病的治疗产生重大影响。
② outside of the school gate.
我们大家将在校门外集合。 （应用文写作之通知）
③You it to the police.
你本来应该向警察报告此事的。
④If we on time， we’d better go now.
如果我们想要按时到那儿，最好现在就走。
⑤ because you are wise and hard-working.
你一定会成功的，因为你既聪明又勤奋。 （应用文写作之建议信）
句型公式：状语从句的省略
【教材原句】 Its walls were fresh as if painted yesterday ...
它的墙壁依然新得像昨天刚刚刷完……
【用法】
句中as if引导方式状语从句，as if 后省略了they were。 （1）as if/though引导的从句中的主语和主句主语一致，且含有be动词时，从句中的主语和be动词常常可以省略。 （2）引导状语从句时，可以省略从句中的主语和be动词的连词还有while、 once、 as、 when、 unless、 until、 even if、 though、 if等。
【品悟】 Then she was just staring at me as if （she was） trying to figure me out.
当时她就一直盯着我，好像想弄明白我是谁。
While （he was） walking the dog， he was careless and it got loose and was hit by a car.在遛狗的时候，他不小心松了手，结果狗被一辆汽车撞了。
Once （it is） set， the time cannot be changed.
时间一旦被设定就不能更改。
【写美】 完成句子/句式升级
① ， the little girl was only crying， saying nothing.
当被问到她从哪里来时，这个小女孩只是哭，什么也不说。 （读后续写之情感描写）
②The old man was lying on the ground as if he was badly hurt.
→The old man was lying on the ground .（状语从句的省略）
③If I am accepted， I can introduce Chinese painting skills to visitors.It can help them know more about Chinese culture.
→ （用状语从句的省略和定语从句合并升级）
提示：完成课后作业 UNIT 2 Section Ⅳ
12 / 12单元素养提升
◇本单元语法学了什么内容？ ◇自我评价
◇本单元写作练了哪个方面？
回顾单元知识·提高语言能力
一、核心单词写对
1. n.碰撞声，破裂声；碰撞；崩溃
vi.& vt.碰撞，撞击；崩溃
2. vt.& vi.出去，离去，退场；退出
n.出口，通道；离开
3. n.名单；卷；一管；翻滚
vi.& vt.翻滚，滚动；翻身；卷起
4. vt.证实，确认；使确信；批准
5. n.程序，步骤，手续
6. adj.奇怪的，怪异的；偶尔的；不成对的
7. n.台风
8. adj.引起破坏（或毁灭）的，破坏（或毁灭）性的
9. n.飓风
10. n.会议，研讨会；讨论，商谈
11. n.补给，补给品； 供应；供应量，储备
vt.供应，供给，提供
12. n.慈善机构（或组织）；慈善，施舍；仁爱，宽容
13. n.全体职工；管理人员
vt.在……工作，任职于
14. n.幻灯片；降低；滑行；山崩
vi.& vt.滑行；逐渐陷入
15. n.资金；基金
16. n.文件，公文；（计算机中的）文档
17. n.（爱称）亲爱的；蜂蜜
18. vt.使出土，挖掘，发掘；发现，找到
19. n.进口产品，输入的产品；输入
vt.进口，引进
20. n.出口产品，输出的产品；出口，输出
vt.出口，输出
21. adj.高耸入云的，耸入云霄的
22. n.树干
Ⅰ.根据所给单词的首字母或汉语提示，写出单词的正确形式
1.A water pipe burst and the entire apartment was f .
2.We need to know the exact time when the incident o .
3.My grandma was strong enough to climb up three flights of s by herself.
4.She was forced to r early from the position because of her ill health.
5.The young teacher made s to her students to exit the classroom in a hurry.
6.The couple h each other when they heard the exciting news.
7.We finally arrived at our tourist d ， tired and hungry.
8.He placed his hat on a （杆）in the market place， stopping to have a rest.
9.After several months of sailing， they finally arrived at the （港口）.
10.The violent eruption of （火山） sometimes makes many people lose their lives.
11.Quite a few people used to believe that a （灾难） was sure to strike if a mirror was broken.
12.The company （通知） me that my job application hadn’t been successful last week.
13.Luckily， the girl and her mother were eventually （营救） by helicopter.
14.I’m really very busy， （否则） I would certainly go there with you.
15.Hearing a scream， I rushed （往楼下） only to see my hostess lying unconscious on the floor.
二、拓展词汇用活
1. vt.伤害，使受伤；损害→injured adj.受伤的→injury n.伤害；伤；损伤
2. n.反应，回应；抗拒；化学反应→react vi.起反应；对……作出反应
3. adj.有秩序的，有条理的，整齐的→order n.命令，顺序 vt.命令
4. n.宽慰，轻松；减轻，消除；救济→relieve vt.消除；减轻；缓解；救济→relieved adj.感到宽慰的，放心的
5. n.震惊，惊愕；剧烈震动 vt.使震惊→shocking adj.令人震惊的→shocked adj.感到震惊的
6. vt.& vi.惊吓，害怕 n.恐慌；惊吓→scared adj.恐惧的，害怕的→scary adj.恐怖的，吓人的
7. n.电，电力；权力；政权；控制力；能力；能量；力量→powerful adj.强大的；有影响/感染力的；有势力的→powerless adj.无力的；没有能力的
8. vt.捐赠，赠送；献（血）→donation n.捐赠，赠送；献（血）
9. adj.好奇的；奇特的→curiosity n.好奇；好奇心→curiously adv.好奇地
10. vi.& vt.（火山）爆发；突然发生→eruption n.（战争等）爆发
11. adj.难耐的，无法忍受的→bearable adj.可忍受的；能应付的→bear vt.忍受；承受
12. n.遥远，久远；距离；差异；疏远→distant adj.远方的；遥远的
13. adj.灵敏的；锋利的；急剧的；明显的；尖锐的；强烈的→sharpen vt.& vi.（使）变得锋利，变得清晰；使尖锐→sharply adv.锋利地；急剧地；尖锐地；强烈地→sharpener n.卷笔刀；磨具；削具
14. vt.找出……的准确位置；把……安置在（或建造于）→location n.地点，位置
Ⅱ.用括号内所给单词的正确形式填空
1.I wanted to know how the students to my words as well as your .（react）
2.The young athlete got during the football match and the was serious.（injure）
3.After seeing the movie last night， I was to walk home alone.（scare）
4.Children are always about everything they see and hear.They often ask all kinds of questions .To meet their ， we’d better answer them patiently.（curiosity）
5.He was at the news， for I could see the look on his face.（shock）
6.After he came to ， everyone said he was a leader， but now he feels so that he even can’t save his department.（power）
7.The boy’s pencil isn’t ， so he it with his .（sharp）
8.Though there is a long between Tom and his family， they don’t feel .（distance）
三、重点短语用准
1. 整个，全部
2. 点名
3. 安然无恙的
4. 被想到，浮现在脑中
5. （在困境中）保持冷静
6. 用完，耗尽
7. 呈现……的形状；采取……的形式
8. 突然开始，爆发
9. 到处，各处
10. 抓紧，不放开
11. 使某人大为宽慰的是
12. 撞到……上；闯入
13. 一系列
14. 清除；被撤销；……不成立
15. 吹走
16. 在远方；在远处
17. 详细地
18. 与……分离
Ⅲ.选用左栏短语的适当形式填空
1.Luckily， the missing boy returned， .
2.She has food and has nothing to eat.
3.Such a simple explanation never me before！
4.This article represents the opinion of the public .
5. ， I didn’t have to go to the trial.
6.Above all， in the face of danger.
7.He the back of the chair to stop himself from falling.
8.People came to visit the museum.
9.You can’t imagine how excited I was when I saw the ancient tower .
10.Nobody knew when the fire ， but they knew it was put out the next morning.
四、经典句式写美
1.句型公式：be doing ...when ...
教材原句：Alice Brown， head teacher at Falmont Primary School， （正在授课，突然） the floor began to shake.
2.句型公式：in case 引导目的状语从句
教材原句：At the same time， Miss Brown quickly opened the classroom door， （以防它损坏） during the shaking and could not open.
3.句型公式：名词短语the moment引导时间状语从句
教材原句： （晃动一停止）， Miss Brown sensed it was the best time for the class to make their escape.
4.句型公式：动词-ing形式作伴随状语
教材原句：After a roll call confirmed that all were safe and sound， they relaxed， （笑啊，哭啊，互相拥抱着）.
5.句型公式：It occurred to sb that ...
教材原句： （她立刻意识到） these were signs of an approaching tsunami.
6.句型公式：动词-ing形式短语作后置定语
教材原句：Trading ships （进口货物到城内、出口货物到海外）， along with golden pleasure boats for the rich， were crowded together in the glassy water of the port.
7.句型公式：might have done表示“过去本可以做但实际并没有做”
教材原句：Its ashy rocks， now dark， now light， told a story of past eruptions that （本来可以警告） the city what was to come！
8.句型公式：see sb/sth doing ...
教材原句：The crowd looked upwards， and saw， with unspeakable fear， （只见一团庞大的云正从火山口喷薄而出）.
9.句型公式：完全倒装句
教材原句：So （地震来了） ...and so （生活终结） in Pompeii.
10.句型公式：状语从句的省略
教材原句：Its walls were fresh （就像昨天刚刚刷完） ...
Ⅳ.翻译句子
1.我正在看足球赛，这时候她走了进来。
2.请明天再提醒我一下开会的事，以防我忘了。
3.他一听到那个消息就立刻把它告诉了我。
4.我们经常给孩子们提供玩具、篮球或者足球，认为所有的孩子都喜欢这些东西。
5.正当我要离开家的时候，我突然想到我忘带钥匙了。
6.坐在我旁边的姑娘是我表妹。
7.昨天晚上，琼读完了这本书，鲍勃可能也读完了。
8.打开门后，我看到孩子们正在玩游戏。
9.现在轮到你做自我介绍了。
10.他一丝不动地站着，好像扎根在地上。
整合话题元素·增强思维品质
夯实素材储备·注重续写体验
情感描写 ①odd adj.奇怪的，怪异的；偶尔的；不成对的 ②relief n.宽慰，轻松；减轻，消除；救济 ③shock n.震惊，惊愕；剧烈震动 vt.使震惊 ④scare vt.& vi.惊吓，害怕 n.恐慌；惊吓 ⑤curious adj.好奇的；奇特的
动作描写 ①crash n.碰撞声，破裂声；碰撞；崩溃 vi.& vt.碰撞，撞击；崩溃 ②confirm vt.证实，确认；使确信；批准 ③occur to被想到，浮现在脑中 ④keep one’s head （在困境中）保持冷静 ⑤inform vt.了解，熟悉；通知
环境描写 ①downstairs adv.在楼下，往楼下 n.楼下 ②destination n.目的地，终点 ③bar n.酒吧；小馆子；吧台；条，块；栏杆；障碍 vt.封；阻挡；阻止 ④port n.港口，避风港；港口城市 ⑤ashy adj.覆盖着灰的；灰色的 ⑥tsunami n.海啸
一、连词成句
根据教材语料中所给词汇及汉语提示翻译下列句子。
1.那天，海滩上与往常一样。（介词短语作表语）
2.游客们跑步，打排球，或者坐在沙滩上。（场景描写；动词-ing形式）
3.一个小女孩注意到一些奇怪的事。（动作描写）
4.她感到很好奇，便向父母寻问此事。（心理描写）
5.她的父母立刻意识到这是海啸来临的前兆。（心理描写；宾语从句）
6.他们吓坏了，但很快他们想到一定要保持冷静并立即通知安全员。（情感描写；主语从句）
7.令他们宽慰的是，在安全员的帮助下，所有人很幸运地躲过了这场灾难。（情感描写；with复合结构）
二、连句成文
用适当的过渡词将上面的句子合并成一个小语段。
7 / 7学习讲义部分
UNIT 1 Nature in the balance
【单元话题导入】
1.continents； global 2.damaged； habitats； disappeared； species 3.greenhouse； recycle
Section Ⅰ Welcome to the unit & Reading
【文本透析·剖语篇】
第一步
1.significant 2.balance 3.is home to 4.levels 5.1，300
6.situation 7.has disappeared 8.extinction
第二步
1－6 DBBCCD
第三步
1.disappear， disagree， disadvantage， dishonest， disabled， dissatisfied ...； unbelievable， unlimited， unhappy， unknown， unusual， unreal ...； irreplaceable， invisible， incorrect， imbalance， illegal， irregular ...； non-smoking， non-stop， non-existent， non-profit， non-fiction ...
2.（1）As the impact of human activities continues to grow and the list of species in danger of extinction becomes longer， we are left with a question： can we afford to damage the “lungs of the planet”？
（2）With an area of around 6 million square kilometres， the Amazon rainforest is more than half the size of China.； Thus， it is often known as the “lungs of the planet”.
【核心知识·巧突破】
Part Ⅰ
1.①living ②harmful ③which does/causes great harm to their health； doing/causing great harm to their health
2.①from ②various ③variety ④a variety of/varieties of
3.①to look ②by ③to drive ④in ⑤When it is in my turn， I am too excited to speak.
4.①broke down ②break in ③broke out ④break away from ⑤You will break down sooner or later if you go on working like that.
5.①to ②to make ③due to the horrible weather
④The bus was due to arrive at 5 p.m.， but it arrived one hour late due to the heavy fog.
6.①is doing/causing damage to our children ②had their houses damaged ③Don’t damage your health
④He won’t do anything that may damage her reputation.
Part Ⅱ
1.①five times the width of ②four times longer than
③three times as big as the previous one ④double/twice what it was three years ago ⑤twice as big as； twice the size of
2.①with which he often takes photos ②without which we would have lost our way ③half of which were written by Bing Xin ④the youngest of whom is very clever ⑤from which I have a good knowledge of ⑥the aim of which is to raise our awareness ⑦most of whom are businessmen
Section Ⅱ Grammar and usage
【重难语法·要攻克】
我的发现
（1）1 主要动词 （2）2、3 to （3）4 主语 be动词
状语 （4）5 谓语 （5）6、7 主语
即时演练1
①to go to bed early ②but wait ③she refused to
④If so
即时演练2
①it is ②Is there ③Do you ④study ⑤I ran
⑥the cases； the cases
即时演练3
①his mother was （at home） ②Jimmy （won） the second （race） ③but he didn’t （come to school to see me）
④his friend doesn’t （have a knowledge of first aid）
即时演练4
①If so ②so mild as in Guangzhou ③while burning
④Though tired ⑤you’ve been looking for ⑥she had finished her homework
【核心知识·巧突破】
1.①come up with ②came up ③come across ④come out
⑤come about ⑥When it comes to repairing a computer
2.①calling for ②called up ③called off ④call on/upon ⑤called in ⑥calls for immediate action
3.①applications ②himself ③to
④to apply for the position of a local tour guide
Section Ⅲ Integrated skills
【典例体验·提素能】
第二步
核心词汇
1.protect the wild animals 2.damage 3.living habitats
4.take measures 5.protect ...from ... 6.cut down
7.stop ...from doing ... 8.wildlife reserves 9.set up 10.raise the awareness of
遣词造句
1.Animals are our friends and they are very important to our world.
2.I’m writing this letter to give some suggestions to protect the wild animals around us.
3.With the rapid development of the cities， human activities have damaged some animals’ living habitats.
4.In addition， some wild animals have died because the climate is terrible.
5.It is time for us to take some measures to protect the animals.
6.More laws must be made to stop people from hunting animals.
7.More wildlife reserves should be set up so that they can live safely.
8.Citizens should raise their awareness of protecting wild animals.
第三步
1.Animals are our friends， which are very important to our world.
2.With the rapid development of the cities， it is human activities that have damaged some animals’ living habitats.
3.In addition， some wild animals have died due to the terrible climate.
4.It is time that we took/should take some measures to protect the animals.
第四步
Dear Sir or Madam，
Animals are our friends， which are very important to our world.I’m writing this letter to give some suggestions to protect the wild animals around us.
With the rapid development of the cities， it is human activities that have damaged some animals’ living habitats.In addition， some wild animals have died due to the terrible climate.It is time that we took/should take some measures to protect the animals.To begin with， more laws must be made to stop people from hunting animals.What’s more， more wildlife reserves should be set up so that they can live safely.Last but not least， citizens should raise their awareness of protecting wild animals.
I hope my suggestions are helpful.
Yours sincerely，
Li Hua
即时演练
A Report on Tigers
Famous as being strong and fierce， the tiger is often called the “king of the jungle”.Despite being big and strong， they are in danger as hunters hunt them for their fur， bones or other parts of their bodies.Moreover， they’re losing living areas because people are cutting down too many trees.
Luckily， people have come to realise the important role of wildlife in the balance of nature and started to take action.As students we should also do what we can to prevent tigers from dying out.Otherwise， there may be none left in the world.
Section Ⅳ Extended reading & Project & Assessment
【文本透析·剖语篇】
第一步
1.pollution 2.costs 3.fresh 4.different 5.for
6.measures 7.benefits 8.quality 9.government
10.recycle
第二步
1－6 BCCDDA
第三步
2.（1）When I first moved here， the air was fresh， the grass green and the water clear.Then heavy industry factories moved in， and things became entirely different.I don’t enjoy outdoor activities any more.The river is dirty and smelly.The smog in the air has coloured the sky a smoky grey ...
（2）It’s our duty to protect the environment while we aim for economic development.It’s our duty to leave a better， cleaner and healthier planet to our children.It’s our duty to build a human community with a shared future.
【核心知识·巧突破】
Part Ⅰ
1.①ourselves ②of ③couldn’t get rid of him
2.①against ②myself ③defence ④in
⑤defend the road from being washed away by the sea
3.①consequent ②consequently
③in consequence of/as a consequence of/as a result of
4.①giving thought to ②give advice to ③give rise to
④gave rise to/led to/brought about
Part Ⅱ
1.①Then came the news that ②there lived a man
③in rushed a little dog ④lies our library， which is between the garden and the teaching building
2.①with the windows open ②With the books he needed bought ③with many flowers around it ④With so many essays to write ⑤With the exam approaching
单元素养提升
回顾单元知识
一、1.continent 2.species 3.beneath 4.mass
5.towering 6.living 7.insect 8.carbon 9.damage 10.global 11.medal 12.process 13.branch
14.former 15.further
Ⅰ.1.committee 2.Frogs 3.track 4.drought 5.survived
6.wildlife 7.recycling 8.impacted 9.oxygen
10.protest
二、1.harm 2.ecosystem 3.region 4.length
5.biodiversity 6.variety 7.survive 8.nutrient
9.disappear 10.agriculture 11.extinction
12.application 13.organization 14.absolutely
15.entirely 16.profit 17.defence 18.economic
19.strategy 20.official 21.poverty 22.poison
23.chemical 24.consequence
Ⅱ.1.survival； survive； survivors； surviving 2.long； length
3.agricultural； agriculture 4.entire； entirely
5.defence； defend 6.poisoned； poisonous 7.chemist； chemistry； chemical 8.variety； various 9.organizers； organization 10.harmful； harm
三、1.in turn 2.break down 3.breathe life into 4.due to
5.build up 6.come up with 7.call for 8.spring to mind
9.get rid of 10.give rise to 11.a variety of ... 12.（be） alive with ... 13.be home to ... 14.take in 15.in length 16.a sea of 17.do harm to 18.tend to do sth 19.in defence of 20.point out 21.be concerned about 22.take measures 23.draw one’s attention
Ⅲ.1.in turn 2.breathe life into 3.a sea of 4.A variety of
5.spring to mind 6.break down 7.is alive with
8.due to 9.build up 10.give rise to 11.come up with
四、1.all on the South American continent
2.is more than half the size of China
3.from which the rainforest gets its name
4.While a significant number of jaguars survive here
5.Over the past 50 years， about 17 per cent of the rainforest has disappeared
6.Joining us in the studio tonight are
7.We’ve been taking various measures
8.With pollution levels on the rise
Ⅳ.1.He rushed into the classroom， a book in his hand.
2.This road is six times the length of that one.
3.Our hometown is beautiful， of which I’m greatly proud.
4.While he is in bad health， he works hard.
5.In the last three years， our hometown has changed a lot.
6.Gone are the days when we got together there happily.
7.We have been looking forward to our summer vacation.
8.With no one to turn to in such a frightening situation， she felt very helpless.
夯实素材储备
一、1.My friend Mac and I were walking in the jungle full of hardwoods when we saw a jaguar walking towards us.
2.I was almost frightened to death.
3.“Who will come to defend us？” I asked.
4.After a while， a good idea sprang to Mac’s mind.
5.He took out some biscuits and nuts from his bag， tore the packages， and threw them away in all directions.
6.As a consequence， the jaguar didn’t chase after us.In turn， he walked towards the food.
7.We followed the hunter’s tracks， walking out of the forest.
8.I learned a lesson from this experience that when facing danger we should be calm and brave.
二、
My friend Mac and I were walking in the jungle full of hardwoods when we saw a jaguar walking towards us.I was almost frightened to death.“Who will come to defend us？” I asked.After a while， a good idea sprang to Mac’s mind.He took out some biscuits and nuts from his bag， tore the packages， and threw them away in all directions.As a consequence， the jaguar didn’t chase after us.In turn， he walked towards the food.We followed the hunter’s tracks， walking out of the forest.I learned a lesson from this experience that when facing danger we should be calm and brave.
UNIT 2 Natural disasters
【单元话题导入】
1.hurricanes； floods 2.disaster； rescue； injured； donated 3.occur； relief
Section Ⅰ Welcome to the unit & Reading
【文本透析·剖语篇】
第一步
1.escaped 2.quick and correct 3.Miss Brown’s 4.twice 5.around 100 6.the signs 7.a safety officer 8.cleared of
第二步
1－5 CBADB
第三步
1.（1）①There were loud crashes of glass breaking and things falling to the ground， but the students remained still and waited calmly and quietly.（名词）
②The beach was rapidly cleared of people， just before the huge waves crashed into the coast.（动词）
（2）①On 17 March， 476 students and 36 teachers at Falmont Primary School escaped an earthquake that hit the county at 2：27 p.m.（动词）
②The moment the shaking stopped， Miss Brown sensed it was the best time for the class to make their escape.（名词）
③A 10-year-old girl， Sabrina Andron， helped around 100 people escape danger with her knowledge of tsunamis.（动词）
2.（1）“The water was like the bubbles on the top of a beer，” she later explained.
（2）People were walking， running or simply sitting on the sandy beach， enjoying the warm sea air and the soft wind that brushed their hair.
【核心知识·巧突破】
Part Ⅰ
1.①injury ②to ③injured ④was injured ⑤Injured badly
2.①with ②reaction ③against ④he will react to your suggestion； his reaction to your suggestion will be
3.①to bring
②signal that someone was moving about upstairs
4.①in ②confirmation ③confirmed my determination
④It has been confirmed that the meeting will take place next week.
5.①to ②occurred ③to ask
④It occurred to/struck/hit her that
6.①relief ②was relieved ③To our great relief
④sigh with relief/breathe a sigh of relief
⑤which made him relieved
7.①informed ②information ③that
④to inform you of the good news
Part Ⅱ
1.①was walking on the street when ②had hardly fallen asleep when ③was about to set out when； was on the point of setting out when
2.①in case it rains ②In case you should need any help
③as is often the case ④In case of
⑤In no case should we
Section Ⅱ Grammar and usage
【重难语法·要攻克】
我的发现
（1）1、3、4 （2）2、5
即时演练1
①the first one to come every day ②house to live in
③something important to say ④to go to college
⑤to cope with this matter
即时演练2
①leaving the project unfinished ②old enough to travel ③too young to tell right from wrong
【核心知识·巧突破】
1.①a ②shocking ③was shocked ④Shocked
⑤which shocked Elli and me/which made Elli and me shocked； What shocked Elli and me was that
2.①scared ②to ③to go ④off/away
⑤Scared of a snake
3.①to ②powerful ③in ④I’ll do everything in my power to prepare
4.①run out ②His strength gave out ③I need your help， for I have run out of/used up petrol.
5.①of ②supplies ③in ④to ⑤supplied us with some food/supplied some food to us； provided us with some food/provided some food for us
6.①donation ②donor ③to donate money to； to make a donation of money to
Section Ⅲ Integrated skills
【典例体验·提素能】
第一步
1.Mary， Mum，Dad 2.rainy 3.In their house/In their living room 4.were caught in a 5.has been raining
6.has been flooded 7.survive
第二步
1.①three ②roared ③leaving the house
④has been flooded ⑤the dinner table ⑥hugged
2.①scared ②worried ③calm
第三步
1.stay at home
2.（1）①downstairs ②their important documents and disaster supplies
（2）①on the radio ②comfort ③hugged
第四步
After a brief discussion， Mum and Dad decided they should stay in the house.They thought it would be really dangerous to try to walk through the water to get to higher ground.
“Mary， we’ll have to go upstairs and wait there，” said Mum.
“OK， Mum.If that’s what you think is best，” Mary replied uncertainly.
So they went upstairs and waited.Downstairs， water started flooding into the living room and kitchen.All three of them were nervous， but at least they had enough supplies， including food and drinking water.
Finally， the rain stopped， but Mary and her family could not leave while the house was still flooded.They listened to the radio and learnt that rescue workers in boats were coming to rescue people who were trapped in their homes.They waited for a boat to arrive at their house.Their home had been badly damaged， but they were all happy to be alive.
即时演练
Halfway through the day， my friend and I couldn’t feel our toes.The icy wind started howling， cutting my face like a sharp knife.We sat down on the ground in Times Square， took off each other’s shoes， and shoved in some hand-warmers.We ate cheese sticks covered in turkey， jumped up and down， and did pretty much anything we could think of to stay warm.The temperature kept dropping， but our spirits never did， at least not enough to make us actually want to leave.We joked and laughed， waiting for the magic moment.
“Three， two， one.Happy New Year！” we screamed the words as loud as possible.The clock struck midnight！ Before we knew it， performers were singing， and we were singing along excitedly.With the crowd cheering in a loud collective voice， we finally understood what it felt like to be present at the celebration in person， in such a state of joy， with tens of thousands of people from all over the world.Lily leaned on my shoulder with happiness on her face.Whatever exhaustion and cold we’d previously felt was forgotten， and we knew we had done something amazing together.
【核心知识·巧突破】
1.①否则，不然 ②除此以外 ③wouldn’t have managed ④Seize the chance， otherwise you will regret it.
2.①curiously ②curiosity ③to know ④Curious about everything ⑤Out of curiosity
Section Ⅳ Extended reading & Project & Assessment
【文本透析·剖语篇】
第一步
1.Roman 2.golden 3.fishermen 4.Vesuvius 5.a huge tree 6.hurriedly and blindly 7.the earthquake
8.unearthed 9.painted 10.the workman’s hand
第二步
1－5 BBACD
第三步
2.（1）In its little shops， its tiny palaces， its forum， its wine bars， its theatre—in the energy and skill of its people， you saw a model of the whole Roman Empire.
（2）The crowd looked upwards， and saw， with unspeakable fear， a huge cloud shooting from the top of the volcano.It took the form of a huge tree：the trunk， blackness， the branches， fire！
（3）A moment later， the mountain-cloud seemed to roll towards them， dark and rapid， like a river ...
【核心知识·巧突破】
Part Ⅰ
1.①beyond my reach/beyond the reach of me ②beyond my power ③beyond description/expression ④beyond her comprehension ⑤The situation is beyond our control.
2.①at ②at/from ③distantly ④distant
⑤In the distance
3.①rescuers ②were rescued ③rescued
④came to our rescue
4.①急剧的 ②灵敏的 ③sharpening/to be sharpened
④sharply ⑤It was very sharp of
Part Ⅱ
1.①form good learning habits ②fill in the application form
③in the form of money ④take the form of
⑤taking form
2.①is located ②location ③located/situated in the suburb of our city； which lies in the suburb of our city
Part Ⅲ
1.①If you do as I say ②as they walked along the river
③As I don’t know the meaning of the word ④Young as he is ⑤Tired as they were ⑥With time going by
2.①is to have a major effect ②All of us are to meet ③are to have reported ④are to be there ⑤You are to succeed
3.①When asked where she was from ②as if badly hurt
③If accepted， I can introduce Chinese painting skills to visitors， which can help them know more about Chinese culture.
单元素养提升
回顾单元知识
一、1.crash 2.exit 3.roll 4.confirm 5.procedure
6.odd 7.typhoon 8.destructive 9.hurricane
10.conference 11.supply 12.charity 13.staff
14.slide 15.fund 16.document 17.honey 18.unearth
19.import 20.export 21.cloud-capped 22.trunk
Ⅰ.1.flooded 2.occurred 3.stairs 4.retire 5.signals 6.hugged 7.destination 8.pole 9.port 10.volcanos 11.disaster 12.informed 13.rescued 14.otherwise 15.downstairs
二、1.injure 2.reaction 3.orderly 4.relief 5.shock
6.scare 7.power 8.donate 9.curious 10.erupt
11.unbearable 12.distance 13.sharp 14.locate
Ⅱ.1.reacted； reaction 2.injured； injury 3.scary； scared 4.curious； curiously； curiosity 5.shocked； shocking； shocked 6.power； powerful； powerless 7.sharp； sharpens； sharpener 8.distance； distant
三、1.at large 2.roll call 3.safe and sound 4.occur to
5.keep one’s head 6.run out of 7.take the form of
8.break out 9.far and wide 10.hold on to 11.to one’s great relief 12.crash into 13.a series of 14.be cleared of 15.blow away 16.in the distance 17.in detail
18.be separated from
Ⅲ.1.safe and sound 2.run out of 3.occurred to 4.at large 5.To my great relief 6.keep your head 7.held on to 8.far and wide 9.in the distance 10.broke out
四、1.was teaching when
2.in case it became damaged
3.The moment the shaking stopped
4.laughing， crying and hugging each other
5.It immediately occurred to her that
6.bringing imports to the city or carrying exports overseas
7.might have warned
8.a huge cloud shooting from the top of the volcano
9.came the earthquake； ended life
10.as if painted yesterday
Ⅳ.1.I was watching the football match when she came in.
2.Please remind me of the meeting again tomorrow in case I forget.
3.The moment he heard the news， he told me about it at once.
4.We often provide our children with toys， basketballs or footballs， thinking that all children like these things.
5.Just as I was leaving the house， it occurred to me that I had forgotten my keys.
6.The girl sitting next to me was my cousin.
7.Joan finished reading the book last night and Bob might have done so.
8.After opening the door， I see the children playing games.
9.Now comes your turn to make a self-introduction.
10.He stood still as if rooted to the ground.
夯实素材储备
一、1.The day was like any other day on the beach.
2.Tourists were running， playing volleyball or sitting on the sandy beach.
3.A little girl noticed something odd.
4.She felt curious and asked her parents about that.
5.Her parents immediately realized that these were signs of an approaching tsunami.
6.They were scared but soon it occurred to them that they should keep their head and inform the safety officers immediately.
7.To their relief， with the aid of the safety officers，all the people were fortunate enough to shelter from the disaster.
二、
The day was like any other day on the beach.Tourists were running，playing volleyball or sitting on the sandy beach.Suddenly，a little girl noticed something odd.She felt curious and asked her parents about that.Her parents immediately realized that these were signs of an approaching tsunami.They were scared but soon it occurred to them that they should keep their head and inform the safety officers immediately.To their relief， with the aid of the safety officers， all the people were fortunate enough to shelter from the disaster.
UNIT 3 The world online
【单元话题导入】
1.click； button 2.billions； access； instant； downloading 3.addicted； commerce； entertainment
Section Ⅰ Welcome to the unit & Reading
【文本透析·剖语篇】
第一步
1.connect 2.huge 3.delivered 4.shopping 5.app
6.arrangements 7.smartphone 8.contact 9.long-lost 10.responsibly
第二步
1－5 CCDBA
第三步
2.（1）Gone are the days of searching shop after shop for the perfect pair of boots—you can compare styles and prices quickly and easily in the comfort of your living room.
（2）Why wait hopelessly for a taxi in the cold rain？It is now simple and fast to order one with a taxi app.Sit back and relax indoors for a few warm minutes until the driver arrives.
【核心知识·巧突破】
Part Ⅰ
1.①take down ②take over ③take up ④waiting to take off
2.①to ②accessible ③getting ④children have/get/gain access to it
3.①brought about ②bring down ③brought up
④bring out ⑤and he was brought up
4.①in ②has been destroyed ③in ④the majority of people observe traffic signals； are only in the/a minority ⑤The/A majority of people interviewed prefer surfing the Internet to reading newspapers.
5.①for ②for ③to meet ④for ⑤arrange for a taxi to pick us up； make arrangements for a taxi to pick us up
6.①The ②an ③Instantly ④The instant/moment/minute he arrived at the theater； Instantly/Immediately/Directly he arrived at the theater
7.①of ②awareness ③As far as I’m aware/As far as I know ④Unaware of the danger
Part Ⅱ
1.①who is delivering a speech now ②have been delivered to
③delivering newspapers
2.①comments ②on/upon ③comment on/upon this accident； make a comment/comments on/about this accident
Part Ⅲ
1.①have it repaired ②had me write ③had their lights burning all night long ④have an important meeting to attend
2.①whatever you like ②Whichever and whatever you like ③Whatever she says ④No matter who you are
⑤Whenever we get into trouble
3.①can you achieve ②did he know ③Only if the leaders of the two countries sign the contract can the military conflicts between the two countries be solved. ④can we truly enjoy the benefits of modern technology； it is only by being smart online learners that
Section Ⅱ Grammar and usage
【重难语法·要攻克】
我的发现
（1）1、6 （2）2、4 （3）3、5 （4）前面 后面 （5）2 4
即时演练1
①smoking ②sleeping ③being built ④facing the lake
⑤working in this university ⑥which dates back to the early Tang Dynasty
即时演练2
①enabling me to strengthen my body ②Having come to a decision ③It being a wet day ④Not knowing how to do it ⑤Going straight down the road
即时演练3
①knocking ②running ③falling ④were kept waiting ⑤was observed rising from the sea
【核心知识·巧突破】
1.①me ②belonging ③The vase belonging to my uncle is a precious cultural relic.
2.①set down ②set off ③set up ④set aside ⑤set back
⑥set out to do her homework； set about doing her homework
3.①are requested not to smoke ②no one be told of her decision until the next meeting ③It is requested that
④made a request that
Section Ⅲ Integrated skills
【典例体验·提素能】
第二步
核心词汇
1.netizen 2.surf the Internet 3.in the/a majority
4.chat with 5.download some music 6.give up
7.obviously 8.focus one’s attention on/upon
遣词造句
1.According to the survey， nearly one third of the netizens are students and they surf the Internet for various reasons.
2.The students who surf the Internet at home are in the majority.
3.About 80% of the students surf the Internet at home and only about 12% of the students in their friends’ and relatives’ houses.
4.Most of them use the Internet to play games， chat with their friends， download some music， buy their favourite goods， and so on.
5.Obviously， the majority of the students give up the Internet because of their homework.
6.The students shouldn’t spend too much time on the Internet.
7.They should focus their attention on their lessons.
第三步
1.According to the survey， nearly one third of the netizens are students， who surf the Internet for various reasons.
2.The students surfing the Internet at home are in the majority.
3.It is obvious that the majority of the students give up the Internet because of their homework.
4.The students shouldn’t spend too much time on the Internet， but focus their attention on their lessons.
第四步
My team made a survey about how the students use the Internet last week.
According to the survey， nearly one third of the netizens are students， who surf the Internet for various reasons.The students surfing the Internet at home are in the majority.In other words， about 80% of the students surf the Internet at home and only about 12% of the students in their friends’ and relatives’ houses.Most of them use the Internet to play games， chat with their friends， download some music， buy their favourite goods， and so on.It is obvious that the majority of the students give up the Internet because of their homework.
As far as I’m aware， the students shouldn’t spend too much time on the Internet， but focus their attention on their lessons.
即时演练
Dear David，
How are things going with you？ I am glad to have received your email， which is about how to use the Internet to learn English.
To begin with， I often watch English movies and videos online， whose plots and images are so appealing.Sometimes I read English news and other articles， which can really broaden my horizons.In addition， I make use of various language learning websites and apps to improve my English.Personally， I believe the Internet provides us with a vast amount of resources and materials that cater to people of different interests， which makes the learning process more enjoyable and effective.I suggest that we should make good use of the Internet， but we should also limit the online time.
Hope that my experience and advice will be of some help to your learning Chinese.
Yours，
Li Hua
Section Ⅳ Extended reading & Project & Assessment
【文本透析·剖语篇】
第一步
1.addict 2.the week 3.disconnected 4.appreciate
5.benefited 6.richer and more beautiful
第二步
1－5 ACDCA
第三步
2.（1）The details of the scene were revealed in front of me： the soft sunlight， a bird singing from a high tree branch， the rich and earthy smell of the soil after the rain.
（2）I felt lost and anxious， as if I had missed something of value.
【核心知识·巧突破】
Part Ⅰ
1.①addiction ②addictive ③to ④Addicted to playing the violin， he didn’t notice the teacher walk into the classroom.
2.①smoking ②quitted/quit ③quitting ④quitted Paris for New York
3.①it ②offering ③having been given ④appreciation ⑤I would appreciate it if
4.①cut in ②cut down ③cut off ④cut up
⑤She decided to cut down the story to make it easy to understand.
Part Ⅱ
1.①Our lessons over ②her heart full of worry
③his hands trembling ④his eyes fixed on the blackboard
2.①never had a more pleasant ②nobody was happier than I was ③really couldn’t find a better
单元素养提升
回顾单元知识
一、1.pot 2.frontier 3.billion 4.extent 5.click
6.recipe 7.military 8.goods 9.commerce 10.site 11.cash 12.comment 13.guideline 14.remove
15.belong 16.ballet 17.device 18.battery 19.journal
20.wide-ranging
Ⅰ.1.button 2.affairs 3.quitted/quit 4.download
5.reveals 6.software 7.somehow 8.badminton
9.opera 10.boots
二、1.comic 2.obviously 3.access 4.majority 5.deliver
6.arrangement 7.establish 8.instant 9.aware
10.technical 11.percentage 12.entertainment
13.addict 14.appreciate
Ⅱ.1.major； majority； major 2.accessible； access
3.arranged； arrangement 4.aware； awareness
5.Obviously； obvious 6.appreciated； appreciation
7.addictive； addict； addicted； addiction
8.instant； instantly
三、1.take off 2.to a certain extent 3.at one’s fingertips 4.bring up 5.above all else 6.belong to 7.set up
8.be glued to sth 9.shoot past 10.knock sb off one’s feet 11.be lost in 12.cut back on 13.billions of
14.get in touch with 15.lie in 16.find out 17.turn to 18.all sorts of 19.be aware of 20.cut off 21.take up 22.make up one’s mind 23.stretch out 24.pick up
25.take advantage of
Ⅲ.1.turn to 2.all sorts of 3.took off 4.get in touch with
5.at her fingertips 6.find out 7.To a certain extent
8.bring up 9.belongs to 10.set up 11.be lost in
12.cut back on
四、1.No wonder
2.with all sorts of goods and services provided
3.have food delivered
4.There is no need to worry
5.No matter where we are
6.Only in this way can the Internet be
7.Head down， eyes on my smartphone
8.what was going on in my life
Ⅳ.1.With all these attractions， no wonder tourism is increasing wherever there is a Disneyland.
2.With the final exam drawing near， your parents will not probably allow you to spend too much time on the Internet.
3.Unfortunately， he had his leg broken in the last sports meeting.
4.There is no need to worry about the result of a test before you take it.
5.Even today， no matter where Chinese people live or what dialect they speak， they can all still communicate in writing.
6.Only in this way can we have a bright future.
7.Time permitting， we are going to help them do some cleaning.
8.He is thinking about what he should say next.
夯实素材储备
一、1.One day， Jane went to the opera to watch her favourite comedy， happy and relaxed.
2.Suddenly， a deafening sound reached her ears from behind.
3.She saw a car knock an old man off his feet.
4.How scary it was！
5.She was at a loss.
6.She was aware that she shouldn’t move him but call 120 instantly.
7.With her immediate help， the old man was saved.
8.Though she missed her favourite comedy， she felt much happier.
二、
One day， Jane went to the opera to watch her favourite comedy，happy and relaxed.Suddenly，a deafening sound reached her ears from behind.She saw a car knock an old man off his feet.How scary it was！ Somehow， she was at a loss.After a while，she was aware that she shouldn’t move him but call 120 instantly.Fortunately， with her immediate help， the old man was saved.Though she missed her favourite comedy， she felt much happier.
UNIT 4 Scientists who changed the world
【单元话题导入】
1.scientist； Republic； contribution 2.physicist； awarded
Section Ⅰ Welcome to the unit & Reading
【文本透析·剖语篇】
第一步
1.her discovery of qinghaosu 2.acquired a broad knowledge of 3.solved a lot of problems 4.paid off
第二步
1－5 BABCD
第三步
1.wisdom， freedom； effectiveness， usefulness， kindness， loneliness， happiness； survival， arrival， approval， proposal， refusal， removal； appearance， acceptance， performance， assistance； failure， pleasure， exposure， closure； shortage， marriage， passage， percentage
2.（1）2，000； hundreds of； 1，600-year-old
（2）the first female； one of the deadliest diseases
（3）190 failures； day and night； began to suffer； never gave up
（4）Chinese scientist wins 2015 Nobel Prize
【核心知识·巧突破】
Part Ⅰ
1.①from ②by ③on ④survivor ⑤Having survived that night
2.①was intended ②to see ③to improve ④intention
⑤had intended to go to Australia
3.①提到，谈及 ②查阅，参考 ③reference ④to
⑤in/with ⑥as ⑦refer to the book
4.①are limited ②to ③a ④limited ⑤be limited within 800 words
5.①at ②of ③Plenty of fresh air and exercise will speed up his recovery.
6.①paid back ②pay a visit to ③pay for ④Their efforts paid off in the end.
7.①for ②from/by ③It is said that yoga is of great benefit to human health.； It is said that yoga is very beneficial to human health.
Part Ⅱ
1.①on trial ②stand/go on trial ③through trial and error
2.①himself ②container ③containing ④contains
⑤contains； include
Part Ⅲ
1.①the first country to land a spacecraft on ②the ability to do the challenging work well ③the only way to learn a language well ④The last person to arrive at
2.①Surprised and happy ②tired and hungry ③Seriously injured ④Born into a poor family
Section Ⅱ Grammar and usage
【重难语法·要攻克】
我的发现
（1）1 7 前置 后置 （2）2 4 状语 （3）宾语补足语
即时演练1
①discussed ②fallen ③being sold ④founded
⑤built by the Norman rulers in Windsor
即时演练2
①Faced with difficulties ②Deeply moved by the movie ③Surrounded by the cold sea water ④lost in thought
即时演练3
①kept her hands folded ②found himself covered
③heard him spoken ④make himself understood
⑤With his homework finished
【核心知识·巧突破】
1.①with ②surrounding ③surroundings ④surround the lake； Surrounded by green trees； With green trees surrounding the lake
2.①a ②favorable ③in ④of ⑤is in our favour
3.①stealing ②for ③in ④in charge of
Section Ⅲ Integrated skills
【典例体验·提素能】
第二步
核心词汇
1.take place 2.protect the environment 3.in addition
4.be intended to do ... 5.conduct an experiment 6.be/get interested in 7.at the end of 8.learn ...from ...
遣词造句
1.The Science Festival will take place in our school hall next Saturday and its theme is “How to Protect the Environment”.
2.There will be some famous scientists attending the festival and they will introduce some knowledge about protecting the environment.
3.Each class has the chance to conduct an experiment and the students will learn a lot from it.
4.At the end of the festival，the first prize will be announced.
5.The Science Festival will inspire more students to get interested in science and work hard at it.
第三步
1.The Science Festival，whose theme is “How to Protect the Environment”， will take place in our school hall next Saturday.
2.There will be some famous scientists attending the festival， who will introduce some knowledge about protecting the environment.
3.Each class has the chance to conduct an experiment， from which the students will learn a lot.
第四步
Plan for the School Science Festival
The Science Festival， whose theme is “How to Protect the Environment”， will take place in our school hall next Saturday.
There will be some famous scientists attending the festival， who will introduce some knowledge about protecting the environment.In addition，they will show some interesting experiments.Each class has the chance to conduct an experiment， from which the students will learn a lot.At the end of the festival， the first prize will be announced.
The Science Festival will inspire more students to get interested in science and work hard at it.
即时演练
Exhibition Themed “Everyone Is
a Scientist” Successfully Held
In order to develop students’ interest in science and technology， an exhibition themed “Everyone Is a Scientist” was successfully held at the school hall last Friday.
At 9 a.m.， the exhibition started with a speech delivered by our headmaster.About a hundred inventions created by students were on display， some of which could be operated according to the instructions attached to them.
All the students thought it very meaningful to hold the exhibition as it has greatly inspired students’ creativity.
Section Ⅳ Extended reading & Project & Assessment
【文本透析·剖语篇】
第一步
1.make good things 2.at risk 3.enables 4.intellectual 5.doubt 6.value 7.welcomed 8.duty
第二步
1－5 ACBAA
第三步
2.In order to progress， we must not forget the importance of this struggle； we must recognize our ignorance and leave room for doubt.Permit us to question—to doubt—to not be sure.
【核心知识·巧突破】
Part Ⅰ
1.①in ②answering ③involved ④involved ⑤Involved in volunteer work
2.①on ②with ③to ④Much to his credit
3.①off ②down ③out ④let alone relax
4.①permits ②to carry ③parking
④Time permitting， I may go hiking with my friends.
⑤Parking cars isn’t permitted in front of the shops.
5.①on ②for ③to be ④He declares that
6.①put off ②put out ③put up ④put it forward three minutes
Part Ⅱ
1.①ignorant ②ignore ③was ignorant of/about； was in ignorance of
2.①for ②responsibilities ③to be a responsible person
Part Ⅲ
1.①the way （in which/that） he solved the problem ②The way （that/which） you thought of ③that/which came up at the meeting ④the way he carried out
2.①what was going on ②What we can do ③whether we admit students into our club or not ④what he should do
3.①think it no use discussing ②depend/rely on it that
③take it for granted that ④consider it any good
⑤it pleasant to work
⑥makes it easy for you to adjust to the new life in Beijing
单元素养提升
回顾单元知识
一、1.republic 2.broad 3.trial 4.conduct 5.politician 6.theory 7.thunderstorm 8.metal 9.standout
10.bomb 11.credit 12.negate 13.authority
14.marriage
Ⅰ.1.accidents 2.Province 3.household 4.data
5.errors 6.postpone 7.experiments 8.charged
9.moral 10.published
二、1.deadly 2.survival 3.intend 4.limited 5.container
6.sufficient 7.wisdom 8.beneficial 9.illustrate
10.surround 11.indicate 12.intelligent 13.favour
14.electricity 15.scientific 16.apply 17.ignorance 18.freedom 19.permit 20.responsibility 21.declare 22.nationality
Ⅱ.1.intention； intend； intended 2.survived； survivor
3.limited； limit 4.benefit； beneficial； benefited
5.permit； permit； permission 6.responsible； responsibility
7.nation； national； nationality 8.declared； declaration
9.ignorance； ignore 10.applicants； apply； applications
11.favour； favourable 12.container； contains
三、1.refer to 2.give up 3.large amounts of 4.be likely to
5.speed up 6.pay off 7.through trial and error
8.draw on 9.by accident 10.far from 11.be known for
12.go through 13.make a contribution to 14.with a bang 15.devote oneself to 16.let sb down 17.as to 18.take it for granted 19.put forward
Ⅲ.1.Speed up 2.refer to 3.as to 4.put forward 5.by accident 6.with a bang 7.take it for granted 8.through trial and error 9.draw on 10.give up 11.make a contribution to
四、1.the first female scientist of the People’s Republic of China to receive a Nobel Prize
2.Born in 1930， in Ningbo， Zhejiang Province
3.it was hard to produce enough qinghao extract for large trials
4.drawing on the wisdom of traditional Chinese medicine
5.it was not until the 1970s that
6.The first way in which
7.what the result is going to be
8.take it for granted that
Ⅳ.1.In 1973， he became the first agricultural pioneer in the world to grow rice that has a high output.
2.She was silent for a while， lost in thought.
3.It is important to form the habit of going to bed and rising early.
4.There are signs reminding people to limit smoking in public places.
5.It was not until 12 o’clock last night that my father came home.
6.Tonight’s program focuses on the way in which/that broken families affect the young.
7.After many days’ voyage， they arrived in what is called Africa nowadays.
8.I felt it strange that he didn’t reply to me.
夯实素材储备
一、1.One night， Tom was awakened by the lightning and thunderstorm.
2.As he passed his parents’ bedroom，he heard them quarreling.
3.His father put forward Tom’s being an official when he grew up， but his mother insisted that he be a teacher.
4.This made Tom feel very bad， anger and frustration surrounding him.
5.He opened the door and went into the yard.After about an hour，some stars appeared in the sky.Slowly， he calmed down.
6.He said to himself， “Everything will be all right.I am the master of my future.My physics is very good.I will be a physics scientist and make a contribution to the strength of the country.I am the hope of the household and I won’t let my parents down.”
二、
One night， Tom was awakened by the lightning and thunderstorm.As he passed his parents’ bedroom， he heard them quarreling.His father put forward Tom’s being an official when he grew up， but his mother insisted that he be a teacher.This made Tom feel very bad， anger and frustration surrounding him.He opened the door and went into the yard.After about an hour， some stars appeared in the sky.Slowly， he calmed down.He said to himself，“Everything will be all right.I am the master of my future.My physics is very good.I will be a physics scientist and make a contribution to the strength of the country.I am the hope of the household and I won’t let my parents down.”
16 / 20Section Ⅱ Grammar and usage
动词不定式作定语和结果状语
阅读下列句子并思考加黑部分的用法。
1.I was staying in Atlanta， and that was one of the cities to be hit.
2.That morning， I turned on the TV for some local news， only to hear that a hurricane was on its way.
3.The roads were blocked， so there was nothing for me to do but stay inside.
4.I had enough food and water to last a whole week！
5.When the wind and rain stopped， I looked out of the window， only to see huge trees lying across the street and water everywhere！
【我的发现】
（1）动词不定式作定语时，动词不定式通常位于其所修饰的名词或代词的后面，作后置定语（如句 ）；
（2）动词不定式作结果状语时，通常指出乎意料的结果（如句 ），其前常用only。
一、动词不定式的时态和语态
时态 主动语态 被动语态
一般式 to do to be done
进行式 to be doing —
完成式 to have done to have been done
完成进行式 to have been doing —
二、动词不定式作定语
动词不定式作定语，一般置于被修饰的名词或代词后面，与名词或代词之间是主谓关系、动宾关系、同位关系或修饰关系。
1.主谓关系
被修饰的名词或代词是动词不定式的逻辑主语。序数词、形容词最高级或the last/the only/the next等后常用动词不定式作定语，与被修饰的名词或代词之间有逻辑上的主谓关系。
Who was the first man to climb Mount Qomolangma？
谁是第一个登上珠穆朗玛峰的人？
He is the only person to know the truth.
他是唯一了解真相的人。
2.动宾关系
被修饰的名词或代词是动词不定式的逻辑宾语。若动词不定式是不及物动词，需加介词才能与名词或代词之间构成动宾关系。
Tommy left us a lot of problems to solve.
汤米给我们留下了很多问题要解决。
He wanted to find a new house to live in.
他想找一所新房子住。
There is nothing to worry about.
没有什么可担心的。
名师点津
当动词不定式修饰的名词是time、 place或way时，动词不定式中的介词一般可以省去。
He had no money and no place to live.
他没有钱，也没有地方住。
3.同位关系
名词与动词不定式之间是同位关系。动词不定式是所修饰的名词的具体内容，抽象名词wish、 ability、 chance、 ambition、 anxiety、 reply、 attempt、 plan等后常用动词不定式作定语，与被修饰的名词之间为逻辑上的同位关系。
He broke his promise to write to his parents regularly.
他违背了定期给父母写信的诺言。
He has a wish to travel round the whole country.
他有一个周游全国的愿望。
4.修饰关系
动词不定式是所修饰的词的具体内容。
I need some space to place my luggage.
我需要一些空间放行李。
Now it is time to take a rest.
现在是休息时间。
The house to be built next year will be for the homeless.
明年要建造的这所房子是给那些无家可归的人的。
5.动词不定式作定语，有被动形式。
当动词不定式所修饰的名词是动词不定式动作的承受者时，动词不定式既可以用主动形式，也可以用被动形式，但其含义有所不同。比如：Do you have anything to send？意为“你有需要寄的东西吗？”，“寄东西”的执行者是“你”；而Do you have anything to be sent？意为“你有什么需要我（或别人）去寄的东西吗？”，动作的执行者是问话者或其他人。
【即时演练1】 完成句子
①She is hard-working and always .
她很勤奋，每天总是第一个来到。
②The Browns have a comfortable .
布朗一家人有一所舒适的房子住。
③Attention， please.I have .
请注意，我有重要的事情要说。
④As she was a child， she had a wish .
当她还是个孩子时，她就有一个上大学的愿望。
⑤I’m sure of his ability .
我确信他有能力处理这件事。
三、动词不定式作结果状语
动词不定式作结果状语往往表示其动作发生在谓语动作之后，并且总是在句末，而不能置于句首。
1.动词不定式作结果状语，常用于以下结构：
（1）too＋形容词/副词＋to ...“太……而不能……”
The old woman was too weak to carry the heavy box.
这个老妇人太虚弱而搬不动这个沉重的箱子。
（2）...enough to ...“……足够……”
The room is large enough to take a third bed.
这个房间很大，足够放下第三张床。
He walked fast enough to keep up with his coach.
他走得很快，赶上了他的教练。
（3）so＋形容词/副词＋as to ...“如此……以至于……”
He studied so hard as to pass the last exam.
他学习如此努力以至于通过了上次的考试。
（4）such（＋形容词）＋名词＋as to ...“如此……以至于……”
He is not such a fool as to do that.
他还没有蠢到做那种事。
（5）在never to ...结构中
His son left home on a cold morning， never to return.
他的儿子在一个寒冷的早上离开了家，再也没有回来。
2.在特殊结构only to ...中，动词不定式常表示没有预料到的结果， 其前经常有only或just修饰。
He hurried to the station， only to find the train had left.
他匆忙赶到车站，却发现火车已经开走了。
He picked up a stone， just to have it dropped on his own feet.
他搬起石头却砸了自己的脚。
名师点津
动词-ing形式短语作结果状语常表示“自然而然的或意料、情理之中的结果”。
His parents died early， leaving him an orphan.
他的父母早逝，使他成了孤儿。
The news shocked the public， leading to great concern about students’ safety at school.
这条新闻使广大民众感到震惊，引起了人们对在校学生安全的担忧。
【即时演练2】 完成句子/句型转换
①The old scientist died all of a sudden， .
那位老科学家突然去世了，使这个项目没有完成。
②You’re on the train by yourself.
你已经长大了，可以自己坐火车旅行了。
③He is so young that he can’t tell right from wrong.
→He is .
shock n.震惊，惊愕；剧烈震动 vt.使震惊
【教材原句】 As you can imagine， it was a bit of a shock.正如你所想象的那样，这有点令人震惊。
【用法】
（1）in shock 震惊，吃惊 give sb a shock 使某人震惊 come as a shock （to sb） 让（某人）震惊 culture shock 文化冲击 （2）It shocks sb that ...＝It shocks sb to do ...……（做某事）使某人震惊 shock sb to do sth 做某事使某人震惊 （3）shocked adj. 感到震惊的 be shocked at/by ... 对……感到震惊 （4）shocking adj. 令人震惊的
【佳句】 It was shocking that Li Ming lost the football match yesterday， and all his fans were also in shock.But what made them more shocked was that he didn’t care about it at all.令人吃惊的是李明输掉了昨天的足球比赛，他所有的球迷们也都很吃惊。但让他们更震惊的是，李明对此根本不在乎。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①It gave us all quite shock to learn that he had failed again.
②It is （shock） that he didn’t inform you of the procedures to do this experiment.
③I （shock）to hear his reaction on the disaster.
④ （shock） at the news， the man couldn’t say a word.
【写美】 句式升级
⑤The bear tore a hole in the fence and put his head in. Elli and I were shocked.
→The bear tore a hole in the fence and put his head in， .（定语从句）
→ the bear tore a hole in the fence and put his head in.（主语从句）
scare vt.& vi.惊吓，害怕 n.恐慌；惊吓
【教材原句】 The strong wind and heavy rain didn’t scare me， but I was quite frightened during the power failure.狂风暴雨并没有吓到我，但在停电时我很害怕。
【用法】
（1）scare ...away/off 把……吓跑 scare sb to death 把某人吓得要死 It scares sb to do sth 做某事使某人害怕 scare sb into/out of doing sth 恐吓某人做/不做某事 （2）scared adj.害怕的，对……感到惊慌或恐惧的 be scared to do sth＝be scared of doing sth 害怕做某事 be scared to death 吓得要死 be scared that ... 害怕…… （3）scary adj. 恐怖的，吓人的
【佳句】 Sometimes loud noises like these will scare bears off.
有时，这样大的噪声会把熊吓走。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①The moment the assistant saw the scene， he froze there， （scare）.
②When watching the horror movie last night， I was scared death.
③She was scared （go） into the yard because a big dog was in it.
④It was the high price that scared potential buyers.
【写美】 句式升级
⑤He was scared of a snake， and he fainted at the first sight of one.
→ ， he fainted at the first sight of one.（动词-ed形式短语作状语）
power n.电，电力；权力；政权；控制力；能力；能量；力量vt.驱动，提供动力
【用法】
（1）be in power 当权，执政（强调状态） come to power 开始掌权/执政（强调动作） do all/everything in one’s power to do sth 某人竭尽全力做某事 within one’s power 在某人能力范围之内 beyond one’s power 超出某人的能力 a power plant 一个发电厂 wind/solar/nuclear power 风能/太阳能/核能 （2）powerful adj. 强有力的；有影响力的；有权势的
【佳句】 The motor is powered by a solar battery.
这台发动机是由太阳能电池驱动的。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①The new government will come power next month.
②Sometimes a smile is so （power） that it gives people suffering from disasters great courage.
③Though he has been power for two years， he hasn’t found an effective solution to the country’s economic problems.
【写美】 完成句子
④ well for the coming final exam.我将竭尽全力为即将到来的期末考试作好准备。
run out of 用完，耗尽
【教材原句】 Were you afraid of running out of supplies？你害怕用光储备的东西吗？
【用法】
（1）run out of 意为“用完了”，及物动词短语，表示主动，主语是人 （2）run out 意为“……用完了”，不及物动词短语，主语常为时间、食物、金钱等名词 （3）give out 意为“用尽；精疲力竭”，不及物动词短语 （4）use up 意为“用完；耗尽”，及物动词短语，主语是人
【佳句】 She has run out of （＝used up） her money and mine is running out （＝is being used up/is giving out）.她已用光了她的钱，我的也快用光了。
【练透】 完成句子
①In the future， care for the environment will become very important as the Earth’s natural resources .
在未来，爱护环境将会很重要，因为地球的自然资源将濒临枯竭。
② after he ran that long distance.
他跑了那么长的距离后，体力不支了。
【写美】 翻译句子
③我需要你的帮助，因为我把汽油用完了。
supply n.补给，补给品；供应；供应量，储备 vt.供应，供给，提供
【用法】
（1）supply sth to sb ＝ provide sth for sb将某物供应给某人 （2）a supply of/supplies of ... ……的供应 in short supply 供应不足，供应短缺 water supply 供水
【佳句】 The government decided to supply houses to the disaster victims.
政府决定为灾民提供住房。
【辨析】 supply & offer & provide
supply 通常指定期“供应”所需或所要求之物，含有连续不断地供给之意 supply sb with sth＝supply sth to sb
offer 强调主动提供帮助、服务或令人向往之物等 offer sth to sb＝offer sb sth
provide 强调供应所需之物（尤指生活必需品） provide sth for sb＝provide sb with sth
【练透】 单句语法填空
①There’s usually a good supply resources around the town center.
②New factories are situated in areas where （supply） of power are available.
③The natural resources， such as coal and oil， are short supply in this country.
④They have agreed on a plan to supply books and materials schools.
【写美】 一句多译
⑤这位热心人给了我们一些食物并主动帮助我们联系了警察。
→The warm-hearted man and offered to help us contact the police.（supply）
→The warm-hearted man and offered to help us contact the police.（provide）
donate vt.捐赠，赠送；献（血）
【教材原句】 Luckily， many people came to help， donating food and clothes to charities.
幸运的是，很多人来帮忙，给慈善机构捐赠食品和衣服。
【用法】
（1）donate sth to ... 向……捐赠某物 （2）donation n. 捐赠，捐献 make a donation （of sth） to ... 向……捐赠（某物） （3）donor n. 捐赠者；献血者
【佳句】 After that， we will do some other meaningful activities， including donating some pocket money or books to the old there.
在那之后，我们将做一些其他有意义的活动，包括捐赠一些零花钱或书籍给那里的老人。
【点津】 donate 是及物动词，但不能接双宾语，而要与介词to搭配。有类似用法的词还有introduce、explain等。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①To help more people in India， the IMA Blood Bank has also developed a team to educate the public about blood （donate）.
②Doctors are searching a blood （donate） to the patient whose blood type is rare.
【写美】 一句多译
③政府呼吁公众给贫穷的孩子捐款。
→The government appeals to the public the poor children.（donate）
→The government appeals to the public the poor children.（donation）
提示：完成课后作业 UNIT 2 Section Ⅱ
7 / 7UNIT 2 Natural disasters
单元话题导入
本单元以自然灾害为话题。本单元从认识自然灾害的种类开始，到介绍国内外发生过的重大自然灾害事件，再到探讨面对灾害的威胁和所造成的损失时，人们可以采取的应对措施等。本单元还体现了“灾害无情，人有情”的主题意义，即人类在重大自然灾害面前不屈不挠，相互援助，坚定信心，重建家园。
看图感悟语境，选词填空。
disaster， occur， donate， hurricane， flood， rescue， injured， relief
1.The world is being hit by climate change in various ways － tsunamis， ， earthquakes， and so on.
2.Every time the happens， many soldiers， doctors and nurses were sent to the . Many people and charities much money and materials to help them.
3.Nowadays， some high-tech equipment can display disaster forecasts and show when and where they may to directly help people at risk. The experts also research satellite data after disasters to determine where efforts are most needed.
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