Section Ⅲ Using Language
Part Ⅰ Discuss what best represents a place
听说课前清障 ——排除疑难，胸有成竹
1.talk about 谈论
2.start with 从……开始
3.your pick 你的选择
4.the Bay of Islands 群岛湾
5.boat cruises 乘船航行
6.hiking tours 徒步旅游
7.explore the small towns 探索小城镇
8.their rich history 它们的丰富历史
9.water activities 水上活动
10.a popular tourist destination一个热门旅游目的地
11.plenty of great wildlife很多很棒的野生动物
12.along the beaches 沿着海滩
13.the geothermal parks 地热公园
14.hot springs 温泉
15.geysers 间歇泉
16.bubbling mud 泡沫泥浆
17.sulphuric pools 硫磺池
18.one of the most amazing places最神奇的地方之一
19.be truly unique to New Zealand是新西兰独有的
20.choose a particular place 选择一个特定的地方
21.a flock of sheep 一群羊
22.not necessarily a place 不一定是一个地方
23.go bungee jumping 去蹦极
24.experience its culture 体验它的文化
话题听力提能 ——捕捉信息，精准判断
听下面3段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第1段材料，回答第1、2题。
1.Where will the speakers visit castles？（ ）
A.In Bulgaria. B.In Hungary. C.In Greece.
2.What would the woman like to add to the trip？（ ）
A.Visiting rose fields.
B.Eating fish from the Black Sea.
C.Spending time on an island.
听第2段材料，回答第3至5题。
3.What was the woman’s final destination？（ ）
A.Zurich. B.Munich. C.Lisbon.
4.What does the man think of the woman’s plane tickets？（ ）
A.She booked too late.
B.She booked too early.
C.She booked at the right moment.
5.Who did the woman spend time with at the end of the trip？（ ）
A.Her parents.
B.Her old relatives.
C.Her friends.
听第3段材料，回答第6至9题。
A.Then you’ll have a good time together.
B.It’s quite a place of interest.
C.Do you know anyone there？
D.Well， have a nice time！
E.I’m going to visit South America.
6.How do the passengers arrive in Middletown？ （ ）
A.By air. B.By train. C.By taxi.
7.What should the passengers do when they get off？ （ ）
A.Walk straight ahead.
B.Turn to the left to Terminal B.
C.Walk to their right to get their baggage.
8.Which place will the baggage arrive？ （ ）
A.At Carousel B.
B.At the blue area.
C.Near the green sign.
9.Where can the passengers find transportation to downtown？（ ）
A.At the departure gate.
B.Under the green sign.
C.At Carousel B.
话题表达实战 ——聚焦主题，定向突破
背上行囊去远方，去那个梦寐以求的目的地，来制订一个旅行计划吧！
阅读下面对话，根据语境选择最佳选项。
W：So what are you going to do this summer？
M： 1
W：Great！
M：I’m going to be travelling around quite a lot and I’ll probably spend three weeks there.
W：So where are you going？
M：To start off， I’m going to fly to Rio and perhaps I’ll stay there for a few days.
W： 2
M：No， but I’ve always wanted to go to Rio. 3 And I’ll probably go up the Sugar Loaf Mountain.
W：And where are you going after that？
M：I’m going to fly to Santiago in Chile， where I’ve some friends.We’ll probably spend some time doing some sightseeing and then we’re going to lie on the beach for a few days in Valparaiso， which is on the coast， not far away from Santiago.Then I’m flying to Lima where I’m going to meet my girlfriend.
W： 4
M：Yes.We’ll probably go somewhere else.I don’t know where yet， but I’d like to spend a week in the jungle.Then we’ll probably fly home.
W： 5
李萍和张玲是同学，也是好朋友，她们都喜欢旅游，正在谈论假期旅行的事情。
阅读并根据提示完成下面对话。
Li Ping：Hi，Zhang Ling！ The summer holiday is coming.What are you going to do this summer？
Zhang Ling：Hi，Li Ping！ 1. （我打算去参观一个叫乌镇的地方）.
Li Ping：So will you go there alone？
Zhang Ling：No， my sister will go with me.2. （她喜欢传统的地方）.
Li Ping：I hear that town is a popular tourist attraction.3. （我建议你提前订宾馆）.
Zhang Ling：It’s a good idea！ 4. （谢谢你提醒我）！
Li Ping：You’re welcome！
Zhang Ling：What about you？ Where are you going？
Li Ping：I’m going to Xizang， for 5. （我想看看那里一些可爱的动物）.
Zhang Ling：Have a good time！
Li Ping：Thank you！
Part Ⅱ Describe an iconic animal
1.Which animal is a symbol of Australia？（ ）
A.The duck-billed platypus. B.The kangaroo.
C.The koala. D.The Tasmanian devil.
2.Which of the following statements is NOT true？（ ）
A.In many places in Australia， it’s against the law to touch koalas.
B.Koalas are not only quite cute but also very sensitive creatures.
C.Koalas like to interact with humans.
D.People can hold a koala in certain licensed zoos.
3.What can we know about the Tasmanian devils from the passage？（ ）
A.They can easily be seen. B.They can make very loud noise.
C.They can wake the dead. D.They don’t eat dead animals.
4.What do we know about the duck-billed platypus？（ ）
A.It is a kind of bird. B.It can’t dive under the water.
C.It uses its senses of sight or smell to find food. D.It finds food by using electrical sensors in its bill.
Step 1 品教材课文 Step 2 析写作手法
THE AMAZING ANIMALS OF AUSTRALIA Our topic today is “Creatures Unique to Australia”， with questions answered by wildlife expert， Dr Jim Smith. Australia has lots of unique animals， but which animal is a symbol of the country？ [1]It has to be the kangaroo， as it has a wide distribution throughout the country. It’s a tough animal that has to survive in a difficult environment.Also， it cannot walk backwards， so it is always moving forwards.This expresses the strength and resolve of the Australians as individuals and as a nation.Baby kangaroos weigh only two grammes at birth.They then find their way into their mother’s pouch — a kind of pocket — to stay safe and warm.They sleep and drink milk in that temporary， protected environment until they are about seven or eight months old.After this phase， they go out to try their legs.After they learn to jump， they gradually spend less time with their mother and learn to be independent.Kangaroos may look cute， but encounters with them don’t always end so well.Kangaroos can hit and kick very hard， so please folks， if you see some kangaroos， remember they’re not for petting！ [1]这是一个复合句。句中as引导原因状语从句。 Koalas are cute， and we see so many pictures of people holding them.But in many places in Australia， it is against the law to even touch them.Can you clarify that？ [2]They are really quite cute， but the truth is， koalas are very sensitive creatures who can easily panic because of even small changes in their environment. They spend quite a lot of time eating， sleeping， and hanging onto tree trunks， so interaction with humans can cause them a lot of stress.Because of this， the government began to make laws against touching koalas， in the interest of animal protection， as well as public safety.So， if you see one in the wild， you shouldn’t approach it to pick it up or even touch it.If you want to hold a koala， you have to go to certain licensed zoos where animal experts make sure that the koalas selected for each session are in a good state for human contact and that they are handled for only a limited time and on a limited frequency of occasions. [2]这是一个由but连接的并列句。在第二个分句中who引导定语从句，修饰先行词creatures。 学语言： 整个语篇语言风格轻松活泼，即便是在回答问题的描述中也采取了互动性很强的语言结构或句式，不断调动读者的阅读兴趣，比如：“Kangaroos can hit and kick very hard， so please folks， if you see some kangaroos，remember they’re not for petting！” “So， if you see one in the wild， you shouldn’t ...” “Frightening！” “Do you know what’s really strange about a platypus？”等。这样的写作手法大大增加了语篇的趣味性，也更好地起到了科普小品文的作用，能够更好地激发读者的兴趣，更多地了解知识、亲近自然。 文章第一句中使用了with复合结构（with questions answered by wildlife expert）；在描述袋鼠时使用了定语从句（that has to survive in a difficult environment），过去分词作定语（protected environment）；在描述考拉时使用了动词-ing形式复合结构作宾语（people holding them）；在描述塔斯马尼亚恶魔时使用了which引导的定语从句（which aren’t so cute），过去分词短语作后置定语（called the Tasmanian devil）；在描述鸭嘴兽时使用了while引导的让步状语从句（While it may lay eggs in a nest like a bird）等，这些高级句式和语法的运用使得文章精彩纷呈。 学结构： 本文是一篇问答式的专栏文章，以新媒体语篇形态呈现。 语篇以问题为线索，串联呈现了澳大利亚一些特有动物的有趣内容，甚至还有一些“冷知识”，带给读者较为新颖的阅读视角和体验。
续表
Step 1 品教材课文 Step 2 析写作手法
So， we’ve talked about some cute animals.What about animals which aren’t so cute？ My favourite is a little creature called the Tasmanian devil.If you are out camping in Tasmania and come across one， the experience might scare you！ Tasmanian devils hunt at night， so you won’t usually see them， but you may hear their loud cries when they are fighting or eating.The noise they make could wake the dead.Frightening！ They are about the size of small dogs and look like rather large black rats.They also have a terrible smell！ Their diet is mostly dead animals.Fortunately， despite their name， they are generally not violent towards people. Australia also has some animals that many people have never heard of， for example， the duck-billed platypus.Is that some kind of bird？ Not at all.While it may lay eggs in a nest like a bird， it’s really a primitive mammal， with a unique biology.Its eggs hatch after about ten days， and then the baby platypus nurses from its mother like all other mammals.Its nose looks like a duck’s bill， and it has feet like a duck’s so it can dive under the water， but it’s covered in hair.Do you know what’s really strange about a platypus？ The platypus doesn’t use its senses of sight or smell to find food.It has a capacity to find food in the water by using electrical sensors in its bill.There are only a small handful of animals in the world that can do that！ 本文的第一个问题是关于澳大利亚的象征——袋鼠。专家借此问题向读者详细介绍袋鼠。除了一些特征和习性方面的介绍，专家还诙谐地提醒袋鼠具有攻击性，需要小心。 本文的第二个问题引入了澳大利亚的另一标志性动物——考拉。专家从考拉的“性格”特点入手，分析了考拉为什么不能让人们随便触摸和拥抱的原因。 本文的第三个问题谈到了不一定那么讨人喜欢的动物代表——塔斯马尼亚恶魔。专家用风趣的语言告诉读者，这种外形欠佳的动物有着“只闻其声”的特点，而且体味也很难闻。尽管它被称为“恶魔”，但其实对人还算“温柔”。 本文的最后一个问题介绍了人们通常不太关注到的动物代表——鸭嘴兽。专家介绍了这种动物的“跨界”特征和一些特别的外貌特点。
【参考译文】
澳大利亚神奇的动物
我们今天的话题是“澳大利亚特有的生物”，由野生动物专家吉姆·史密斯博士回答问题。
澳大利亚拥有众多独一无二的动物，但哪种动物才是这个国家的象征呢？
毫无疑问是袋鼠，因为这种动物广泛分布于全国。袋鼠是一种强壮的动物，生存于恶劣的环境中。此外，它不会倒退行走，所以总是勇往直前。这表达了澳大利亚人作为个体和民族的力量与决心。袋鼠宝宝出生时只有两克重。然后，它们会钻进母亲的育儿袋——一种口袋——以保持安全和温暖。它们在这个临时性、受保护的环境中睡觉和吃奶，直到七八个月大。在这个阶段之后，它们会出去试试腿力。学会跳跃之后，它们与母亲相处的时间就会逐步减少，学会独立。袋鼠可能看起来十分可爱，但与它们邂逅的结局并不总是那么美好。袋鼠的踢打相当有力，所以大家要小心，如果你们看到袋鼠，要记住它们不是用来爱抚的！
考拉非常可爱，我们可以看到很多人抱着它们的照片。但是在澳大利亚的许多地方，即便碰一下它们都是违法的。你能说明一下这点吗？
考拉确实十分可爱，但事实是，考拉是非常敏感的动物，即便只是环境中的微小变化都会让它们惊慌失措。它们大部分时间都在吃东西、睡觉和挂在树干上，所以与人类互动会给它们带来极大的压力。因此，政府开始立法禁止触摸考拉，也是出于对保护动物和公共安全的考虑。所以，如果你在野外看到一只考拉，你不要靠近它去把它抱起来或即便是去触摸它。如果你想要抱一抱考拉，你必须去那些获得正式许可的动物园，在那里动物专家会确保为每场互动而选出的考拉状态良好，可以与人接触，而且只在有限的时间内，以有限的次数与人互动。
我们已经谈了一些可爱的动物，那么，不太可爱的动物呢？
我最喜欢的是一种被称为塔斯马尼亚恶魔的小动物。如果你在塔斯马尼亚野外露营时遇到一只，那经历可能会吓到你！塔斯马尼亚恶魔在夜间捕食，所以你通常不会看到它们，然而当它们打架或者吃东西时，你会听到它们震耳的嚎叫声。它们发出来的噪音能把死人叫醒。十分恐怖！它们个头跟小狗差不多，看起来像只大黑鼠。它们身上还有一股难闻的气味！它们的食物主要是动物的尸体。幸运的是，尽管它们名为“恶魔”，但是它们基本上对人类没有攻击性。
澳大利亚还有一些许多人从未听说过的动物，例如鸭嘴兽。那是某种鸟吗？
完全不是。虽然鸭嘴兽可以像鸟一样在巢中产卵，但它实际上是一种原始的哺乳动物，具有罕见的生物特性。它的蛋大约十天后孵化出来，然后新生鸭嘴兽像其他所有哺乳动物一样由母亲哺乳。它的鼻子看起来像鸭嘴，脚也跟鸭子的一样，所以它可以潜到水下，但它浑身都是毛。你知道鸭嘴兽真正奇怪的地方是什么吗？鸭嘴兽并非用视觉或嗅觉来觅食。它拥有一种能用嘴里的电传感器在水中找到食物的能力。世界上具备这一能力的动物屈指可数！
Step 3 背出彩佳句
第一段：简要介绍这种动物及其外表特征
1.This is a cute animal， which is loved by most kids.
这是一种可爱的动物，受到大多数孩子的喜爱。
2.The animal has a thin face with two big and bright eyes on it.
这种动物有一张瘦瘦的脸，脸上有两个大而明亮的眼睛。
3.It is native to Africa and it spends most time in the forest.
它产自非洲，大部分时间在森林里度过。
4.It feeds on grass and is friendly to people.
它是草食动物，对人类很友好。
第二段：针对现状，描述生存空间和生存方式
1.Many fields are being turned into desert， which makes the animals living there have no place to find food to eat.
许多田地正在变为沙漠，这使生活在那里的动物无处寻找食物。
2.Many animals are being killed so that some of them are in danger of dying out.许多动物正在被杀害，以至于一些动物濒临灭绝。
3.It is due to human activities that many wild animals are losing their habitats.
正是由于人类活动，许多野生动物正在失去它们的栖息地。
第三段：呼吁人们采取措施保护动物
1.Let’s make joint efforts to protect the endangered animals！
让我们共同努力保护濒危动物吧！
2.It’s high time that we should live in harmony with nature.
到了我们应该与自然和谐相处的时候了。
3.Finally， we should let people know the importance of protecting endangered animals.
最后，我们应该让人们知道保护濒危动物的重要性。
4.In the final analysis， to protect wild animals is to protect ourselves.
归根结底，保护野生动物就是保护我们自己。
根据下列提示写一篇有关濒危动物金丝猴的短文。
1.栖息地：中国；
2.外貌：金黄色，有点灰；尾巴和身体一样长；
3.生活环境：海拔1，500－3，000米以上的森林；
4.生活习性：群居；吃水果、干果；在树上活动；
5.它们的数量减少了；呼吁人们保护金丝猴。
注意：可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
一、合理布局，精心谋篇
二、遣词造句，规范得体
1.金丝猴受到中国政府的保护。（被动语态）
2.雄性金丝猴大且壮。
3.雌性金丝猴比较小。（比较级）
4.金丝猴居住在海拔1，500米至3，000米以上的森林里。（定语从句）
5.它们喜欢群居。（like doing）
6.它们以水果、坚果、树叶等为食物。（feed）
7.但是现在它们的数量越来越少。（比较级）
8.我们的政府已经建立了一些自然保护区，让它们生活在受保护的环境中。（过去分词作定语）
9.我们希望越来越多的人能认识到保护金丝猴的重要性。（the importance of）
三、恰当衔接，自然过渡
10.用恰当的并列连词合并句2和句3。
11.用恰当的并列连词合并句5和句6。
四、认真誊写，赏心悦目
核心词汇集释
distribution n.分布；分配；分发
【教材原句】 It has to be the kangaroo， as it has a wide distribution throughout the country.
毫无疑问是袋鼠，因为这种动物广泛分布于全国。
【用法】
distribute vt. 分发；分配；分布；分类
distribute sth to/among 把某物分配/分发给……
distribute ...into ... 把……分成……
【佳句】 It is known that the distribution of underground water is uneven， and that much of it lies at great depths.
大家知道，地下水的分布是不均匀的，而且它们大部分都存在于很深的地下。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①Mom and I distributed warm clothes and hot food a small crowd of people outside a local homeless shelter.
②The map shows the （distribute） of this species across the world.
【写美】 完成句子
③I told those international students that .
我告诉那些国际学生，茶在全国各地广泛分布。
capacity n.能力；容量
【教材原句】 It has a capacity to find food in the water by using electrical sensors in its bill.
它拥有一种能用嘴里的电传感器在水中找到食物的能力。
【用法】
have a capacity for sth/to do sth有（做）某事的能力
within one’s capacity to do sth 有能力做某事
a capacity of ... 容纳……
【佳句】 She has an enormous capacity to think in an original way.
她有很强的创新思维能力。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①With that in mind， do you have the capacity （do） the remaining items on the list in the near future？
【写美】 完成句子
②The theatre .
那座剧院能容纳2，000名观众。
a handful of少数人（或物）；一把（的量）
【教材原句】 There are only a small handful of animals in the world that can do that！
世界上具备这一能力的动物屈指可数！
【用法】
常见的“a＋量词＋of”的短语
a flock of 一群（羊或鸟）
a mouthful of 满嘴的
a bagful of 满满的一袋
a group of 一组；一群
a crowd of 一帮；一群
【佳句】 Tom grabbed up a handful of snow and shoved it into his sister’s collar， which made her angry.汤姆抓起一把雪塞进他妹妹的衣领里，这让她很生气。
【练透】 选用左栏短语填空
① gold coins appeared， and the greedy man exploded with laughter.
② sheep are walking on the grassland.
③The boy picked up stones and started throwing them at us.
【写美】 翻译句子
④满嘴食物时跟别人说话是不礼貌的。
重点句型解构
句型公式：while引导让步状语从句
【教材原句】 While it may lay eggs in a nest like a bird， it’s really a primitive mammal， with a unique biology.虽然鸭嘴兽可以像鸟一样在巢中产卵，但它实际上是一种原始的哺乳动物，具有罕见的生物特性。
【用法】
（1）while用作从属连词，引导让步状语从句，从句常置于句首，意为“虽然，尽管”。
（2）while用作从属连词，引导时间状语从句，意为“当……时候，和……同时”。
（3）while用作并列连词，意为“而，然而”，表示前后意义上的对比或转折。
【品悟】 While she had a busy schedule， she made it a priority to spend quality time with her family and friends. 虽然她的日程很忙，但她还是优先考虑与家人和朋友共度美好时光。
【写美】 完成句子
① ， I don’t think it’s a good idea to spend too much time and money on it.
尽管旅游能够增长见识，但是我认为你不应该在这方面花费太多的时间和金钱。
②Some students are in favour of staying up late to study， .
一些学生赞成熬夜学习，而另一些人则反对。
情感描写之“紧张”
形容词/副词 nervous， uneasy， tense， anxious， nervously
名词/动词 tension， anxiety， tremble， shake， nervousness
固定短语 ①one’s heart be in/flies into one’s mouth 心提到嗓子眼 ②a flood/wave of tension 一阵紧张 ③with/have butterflies in one’s stomach 心里发慌 ④tremble with anxiety 焦虑不安 ⑤with one’s heart in one’s mouth 提心吊胆地 ⑥be full of anxiety 焦虑不安 ⑦with uneasiness不安地
第一步：完成句子雏形现
1.当我们站在后台的时候，我紧张极了。
When we were standing backstage， .（表紧张的名词作主语）
2.当叫到我的名字时，我感觉心都提到了嗓子眼。
when my name was called.（夸张的修辞手法）
3.我往舞台上走的时候，感觉手心冒汗，心跳加速。
While I was walking onto the stage， I could .（身体语言）
4.挤满观众的大厅让我更加紧张起来。
The hall packed with audience .（形容词作宾语补足语）
5.我的心狂跳，双腿发抖。我深吸一口气，心里七上八下。
My heart beat wildly and my legs trembled. .（with复合结构）
6.我紧张地站在那里，喉咙发紧，想知道下一步该怎么办。
， wondering what to do next.（副词作状语＋身体语言）
7.我伸手去抓她的手，不料却发现她的手指冰冷，手在冒汗并颤抖着。
I reached to grab her hand， .（身体语言）
第二步：过渡衔接连成篇
提示：完成课后作业 UNIT 2 Section Ⅲ
10 / 11Section Ⅰ Reading and Thinking
25 Sep
Next week I’m travelling to Australia to visit a friend there over the school holidays①.I plan to keep this blog to record my experiences and what I learn.I have already done some research on the country.[1]Located② to the south of③ the equator④，below many other countries on the globe， it’s often informally referred to as “down under”.
I have also read about some iconic sites⑤， such as the Sydney Opera House and the Great Ocean Road， and animals like the cute koalas and kangaroos.I can’t wait to⑥ see all of them！ [2]However， as I major in⑦ social studies， I’m more interested in meeting people in Australia and experiencing their culture， food， and way of life.
[1]Located to the south of the equator为过去分词短语作状语。
[2]as I major in social studies是as引导的原因状语从句。
1 Oct
I’m here in Sydney！ Since I arrived，my friend has brought me to my first open-air barbecue⑧ and has also shared many different but yummy meals with me，so my first impressions of Australia have been all about food！ A lot of typical Australian food， such as the Sunday roast，is originally⑨ British.Bakeries⑩，fast-food joints ，butcher shops，cafes，and restaurants everywhere provide some of the premier food experiences in the world.The influence of Asian cultures， on the other hand， led to the introduction of bean curd and Asian herbs ， along with Australian versions of foods like the Chinese-inspired dim sim.
3 Oct
My friend and I have arrived in Katherine， a town in Australia’s Northern Territory.We’re here to learn about the life and customs of the Aborigines，who are native to Australia.The Aboriginal population might be small，but its influence is still visible .[3]For example，“Bondi” in “Bondi Beach” is an Aboriginal word meaning “water breaking over rocks”.
To survive in this vast land on the ocean，the Aborigines had to be in close contact with nature.This shows in their music， too， which celebrates the natural world and the spiritual world around them.[4]Most of their musical instruments are really just sticks found on the ground， among which there is an amazing instrument called the didgeridoo.
The didgeridoo is made from a tree branch which is hollow.[5]To play the didgeridoo， you put your mouth on one end and blow while vibrating your lips.Unlike a horn， there are no finger holes.The didgeridoo player has to change the shape of his mouth in order to change pitch .A skilled player can play for a long time without stopping to breathe.He does this by continually breathing in through his nose while breathing out through his mouth and into the didgeridoo.I tried to learn how to play it， but after trying for hours， I was convinced that I could never make a musical sound with this instrument！
[3]动词-ing 短语meaning “water breaking over rocks”作后置定语，修饰an Aboriginal word。
[4]过去分词短语found on the ground作后置定语，修饰sticks；among which ...是“介词＋关系代词”引导的非限制性定语从句。
[5]while vibrating your lips是时间状语从句的省略结构。
6 Oct
It’s almost time for me to say goodbye to Australia.I’ve enjoyed my time here very much.[6]After being here for a while，my biggest impression is the complicated mix of peoples and cultures that make up the nation.[7]Although the main cultural influence since 1788 has been Western culture， minority cultures have also played a part in shaping the unique Australian culture，with many of the new cultural influences contributed by immigrants .It is said that now nearly half of all Australian citizens were either born overseas or have parents who were born overseas.
【读文清障】
①over prep.在……期间
over the school holidays在学校放假期间
②located adj.位于
③“to the south of＋地点”指相邻不接壤（如中国和日本）。
“on the south of＋地点”指相邻且接壤。
“in the south of＋地点”指在……领域之内。
④equator n.赤道
⑤iconic sites 标志性景点
⑥can hardly wait/can’t wait to do sth迫不及待地做某事
⑦major in 主修
⑧barbecue n.户外烧烤；烤架
⑨originally adv.最初，起初
⑩bakery n.面包（糕饼）店；面包厂
joint n.公共场所（尤指价格低廉的饮食和娱乐场所）；关节adj.联合的；共同的
butcher n.肉贩；屠夫；刽子手
premier adj.
最著名的；第一的；首要的 n.总理；首相
herb n.药草；香草；草本
version n.版本
Chinese-inspired adj.灵感源自中国的
Chinese-inspired是“名词＋过去分词”构成的合成词，如man-made 人工的
be native to 原产于……
be a native of ...……的人；生长于……的动物或植物
visible adj.明显的；看得见的
vibrate vt.& vi.（使）振动
pitch n.音高
complicated adj.难懂的，复杂的
immigrant n.移民
[8]Personally speaking， what I like most about Australia is the people themselves.They have a straightforward and free-and-easy attitude towards life，and their friendliness and warmth made me feel at home wherever I went.
[6]that make up the nation是that引导的定语从句。
[7]with many of the new cultural influences contributed by immigrants是with复合结构，即“with＋宾语＋宾语补足语”。
[8]what I like most about Australia是what引导的主语从句。
After experiencing Australia， I have to say that I agree with the tourism slogan ：“There’s nothing like Australia.”
straightforward adj.坦率的；简单的
feel at home 感觉自在
slogan n.标语；口号
【参考译文】
9月25日
趁学校放假，我打算下周去澳大利亚看望那里的一位朋友。我计划用这个博客记录我的所见所闻。我对澳大利亚做了一番研究。它位于赤道以南，在地球上许多其他国家的下方，常被非正式地称为“down under”。
我也看了一些标志性景点的介绍，比如悉尼歌剧院和大洋路，还有可爱的考拉和袋鼠等动物的资料。我迫不及待想见到所有这一切！不过，因为我主修社会研究，所以我对结识澳大利亚人并体验他们的文化、饮食和生活方式更感兴趣。
10月1日
我在悉尼啦！自我来这儿之后，朋友就带着我去吃了这辈子第一次的露天烧烤，还和我分享了许多风格各异的美味佳肴，所以我对澳大利亚的第一印象就是美食！很多澳大利亚的特色美食都源自英国，比如星期日烤肉。随处可见的面包店、快餐连锁店、肉店、咖啡馆和餐馆提供世界顶级的美食体验。另一方面，在亚洲文化的影响下，除了灵感源自中国的点心等澳大利亚版的食物以外，还引入了豆腐和亚洲药草。
10月3日
我和朋友来到了澳大利亚北领地的凯瑟琳小镇。我们此行的目的是了解土著人的生活和习俗，他们是澳大利亚的原住民，土著人的人口可能很少，但其影响依旧可见。例如，“邦迪海滩”中的“邦迪”就是一个土著词汇，意思是“拍打着岩石的海浪（声）”。
为了在大洋中这片辽阔的土地上生存，澳大利亚土著人得和大自然保持密切的联系。这也体现在它们的音乐中。这些音乐歌颂身边的自然世界，以及围绕着它们的精神世界。他们的大多数乐器其实就是在地上找到的树枝，其中有一种叫作迪吉里杜管的神奇乐器。
迪吉里杜管由空心的树干制成。吹奏迪吉里杜管时，把嘴巴靠在一端，一边吹气，一边振动嘴唇。与喇叭不同，迪吉里杜管没有指孔。吹奏迪吉里杜管必须靠改变嘴形才能改变音高。一名娴熟的演奏者可以长时间吹奏，不用停下来换气。演奏者可以不停地用鼻子吸气，同时通过嘴巴吐气，吹入迪吉里杜管中。我试着学习吹奏方法，但经过好几个小时的努力，我只能确信我永远都无法用这个乐器发出乐声！
10月6日
差不多是我跟澳大利亚说再见的时候了。我在这里过得十分愉快。在这里住了一段时间之后，我最深刻的印象就是不同种族和文化的交融构成了这个国家。尽管自1788年以来，主要的文化影响是西方文化，但少数族裔文化在塑造独特的澳大利亚文化方面也发挥了作用，还有许多随着移民而来的新文化的影响。据说现在近一半的澳大利亚公民要么自己出生于海外，要么父母出生于海外。
对我个人来说，澳大利亚让我最喜欢的就是这里的人民。他们对待生活的态度简单直率、随性洒脱，他们的友善和热情让我无论走到哪里都有宾至如归的感觉。
在游历了澳大利亚之后，我得说我十分赞同他们的旅游口号：“澳大利亚，尽是不同。”
第一步：析架构理清脉络
1.Skim the passage and fill in the blanks.
2.What’s the main idea of this passage？
The passage includes ， which are about the author’s travel in Australia.
第二步：知细节明察秋毫
1.What does the phrase “down under” mean？（ ）
A.Australia is surrounded by oceans.
B.Australia lies to the south of the equator.
C.Australia will be swallowed by rising sea water.
D.Australia has a lower ground level than other countries.
2.What does the word “this” in “He does this by continually breathing ...” refer to？（ ）
A.Blowing while vibrating his lips.
B.Making the didgeridoo from a tree branch.
C.Changing the shape of his mouth to change pitch.
D.Playing for a long time without stopping to breathe.
3.What impressed the writer most in Australia？（ ）
A.Its grand iconic sites.
B.Its unique animals.
C.Its various cultures.
D.Its different minorities.
4. What’s the author’s purpose of writing the text？（ ）
A.To make a travel plan.
B.To offer some suggestions.
C.To share his/her travel experience.
D.To recommend a tourist destination.
第三步：品佳句妙笔生辉
1.Read the passage carefully and find the sentence describing the location of Australia.
2.Read the passage carefully and find the sentences describing the didgeridoo.
3.Read the passage carefully and find the sentences describing the author’s impression of Australia.
第四步：抒己见提升思维
1.Why were the Aborigines in close contact with nature？
2.What do you think is the best iconic attraction in China？ Why？
第五步：辨难句拆分解读
1.To survive in this vast land on the ocean， the Aborigines had to be in close contact with nature.
句式分析 该句为简单句。动词不定式短语To survive in this vast land on the ocean作 状语。
自主翻译
2.Most of their musical instruments are really just sticks found on the ground， among which there is an amazing instrument called the didgeridoo.
句式分析 该句为复合句。主干部分是Most of their musical instruments are really just sticks found on the ground，为主系表结构； 为过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰sticks；among which there is ...为“介词＋关系代词”引导的非限制性定语从句，which指代前面的 ；定语从句中又含有一个there be句型，其中called the didgeridoo为过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰instrument。
自主翻译
3.It is said that now nearly half of all Australian citizens were either born overseas or have parents who were born overseas.
句式分析 该句为主从复合句。 为形式主语，that引导的主语从句为真正的主语；who引导 从句，修饰先行词parents。
自主翻译
核心词汇集释
located adj.位于；坐落于
【教材原句】 Located to the south of the equator， below many other countries on the globe， it’s often informally referred to as “down under”.
它（澳大利亚）位于赤道以南，在地球上许多其他国家的下方，常被非正式地称为“down under”。
【用法】
（1）be located in/on/at 位于；坐落于
（2）locate vt. 找出……的位置；把……设置（在）；使……坐落（于）
（3）location n. 位置；地点；外景拍摄场地
【佳句】 ①The cottage was located at the entrance of the forest，where the guests can view animals wandering in the nearby place.
小屋位于森林的入口处，在那里游客可以看到附近走动的动物。
②I’m trying to locate Mr Smith. Do you know where he is？
我要找史密斯先生。你知道他在哪里吗？
【练透】 单句语法填空
①I was doubly attracted to the house — by its size and its （locate）.
② （locate） at the west end of Singapore， the park has a lot of room for visitors to walk around.
【写美】 完成句子
③Your accommodation .
您的住宿位置便利，步行即可到达市中心。
④The information office .
咨询处设在市中心。
refer to ...as ...把……称为……
【用法】
（1）refer to 指的是；提到，涉及；查阅
refer ...to ... 把……委托/交付给……
（2）reference n. 提到；查阅；参考书目
reference book 参考书，工具书
【佳句】 ①When I said some people were stupid， I wasn’t referring to you.
当我说有些人很愚蠢的时候，我不是指你。
②This incident in his childhood is never again referred to.
他小时候的这件事永远不再提了。
③The speaker frequently referred to his notes.
那个演讲者频繁地看发言稿。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①The population of those who were born between 1990 and 1999 are referred to “the post-90s generation”.
②As the situation was unusual， he referred the matter the editor.
【写美】 完成句子
③Generally speaking， he likes “Professor Wang”.
一般说来，他喜欢人们称他为“王教授”。
④A vocabulary index is included at the end of the book .
本书后面包括一个词汇索引，方便参考。
on the other hand （可是）另一方面
【教材原句】 The influence of Asian cultures， on the other hand， led to the introduction of bean curd and Asian herbs， along with Australian versions of foods like the Chinese-inspired dim sim.另一方面，在亚洲文化的影响下，除了灵感源自中国的点心等澳大利亚版的食物以外，还引入了豆腐和亚洲药草。
【用法】
on （the） one hand ...；on the other hand ...一方面……；另一方面（却）……
first（ly） ...；second（ly） ... 第一……；第二……
for one thing ...；for another ... 一则……；二则……
【佳句】 On the one hand， I enjoy living in a big city with all its amenities， but on the other hand， I miss the tranquility of the countryside.
一方面，我喜欢住在有各种便利设施的大城市里，但另一方面，我又想念乡村的宁静。
【点津】 on the one hand ...； on the other hand ...用于引出不同的，尤指对立的观点、思想等。
【写美】 完成句子
① ， we should develop our economy； ， we should protect the environment.
一方面我们应该发展经济；另一方面我们应该保护环境。
②A Traditional Chinese Culture Fair was held by our school last Sunday. ，it enabled visitors to understand Chinese traditions better. ， it made visitors feel the unique beauty of Chinese culture.
上周日我校举行了中国传统文化展。一则，它能使来访者更好地理解中国传统；二则，它能使来访者感受中国文化的独特之美。
breathe in 吸气，把……吸入
【教材原句】 He does this by continually breathing in through his nose while breathing out through his mouth and into the didgeridoo.
演奏者可以不停地用鼻子吸气，同时通过嘴巴吐气，吹入迪吉里杜管中。
【用法】
（1）breathe out 呼出
（2）breath n. 呼吸
out of breath 上气不接下气
【佳句】 The doctor told me to breathe in and then breathe out （again） slowly.
医生叫我吸气然后（再）慢慢地呼出。
【写美】 完成句子
①It’s good instead of city smoke.呼吸乡间的新鲜空气而不吸入城市的烟尘是有益的。
②When hearing that his niece was out of danger， he .
当听说他的侄女脱离了危险时，他松了口气。
convince vt.使信服；说服
【教材原句】 I tried to learn how to play it， but after trying for hours， I was convinced that I could never make a musical sound with this instrument！我试着学习吹奏方法，但经过好几个小时的努力，我只能确信我永远都无法用这个乐器发出乐声！
【用法】
（1）convince sb of sth 使某人确信/明白某事
convince sb that ... 使某人相信……
convince sb to do sth 说服某人做某事
（2）convinced adj. 确信的；坚信的
be convinced that/of ...（某人）相信……
（3）convincing adj. 令人信服的
【佳句】 I am fully convinced that I’m the right person for this job.
我完全相信我是这份工作的合适人选。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①We’ve been trying to convince him （give） up the plan.
②You’ll need to convince them your enthusiasm for the job.
【写美】 句式升级
③I’m convinced that you like paper-cutting， so I’d like to invite you to visit the exhibition.
→ （过去分词短语作状语）
make up 组成，构成；化妆；编造；和好；占据
【教材原句】 After being here for a while， my biggest impression is the complicated mix of peoples and cultures that make up the nation.
在这里住了一段时间之后，我最深刻的印象就是不同种族和文化的交融构成了这个国家。
【用法】
make up one’s mind 下决心；决定
make up for 弥补，补偿
make out 看出，听出；理解；辨认出
make for 朝……行进；对……有好处；有助于
【佳句】 As the saying goes，“Hard work can make up for a lack of intelligence.”
正如谚语所说：“勤能补拙。”
【练透】 语境辨义
①The imaginative child made up fairy stories.
②Each link that makes up a chain is equally important.
【写美】 完成句子
③The fog was so heavy in the morning that I .早晨的雾太大，以至于我不能清晰地辨认出分界线。
重点句型解构
句型公式：It is/was time （for sb） to do sth是（某人）该做某事的时候了
【教材原句】 It’s almost time for me to say goodbye to Australia.
差不多是我跟澳大利亚说再见的时候了。
【用法】
（1）It’s （high/about） time that sb did/should do ... 到了某人做……的时间了
（2）It/This was the first/second ...time that ...
这是……第一/二……次……（从句用过去完成时）
It/This is the first/second ...time that ...
这是……第一/二……次……（从句用现在完成时）
【品悟】 It’s high time that we raised our awareness of protecting the environment.
该是我们提高保护环境意识的时候了。
【写美】 一句多译/完成句子
①现在是我们采取有效措施的时候了。
→It is high time for us .
→It is high time that .
→It is high time that .
②It was the first time ， so I was too nervous to keep calm.
那是我第一次在公共场合发表演讲，所以我太紧张了而不能保持冷静。
句型公式：it 作形式主语，that引导的主语从句作真正的主语
【教材原句】 It is said that now nearly half of all Australian citizens were either born overseas or have parents who were born overseas.
据说现在近一半的澳大利亚公民要么自己出生于海外，要么父母出生于海外。
【用法】
（1）“It is said that ...＝Sb/Sth is said to do sth”意为“据说……”；其中动词不定式根据情况可用一般式、进行式或完成式。
（2）用于本句型的动词还有 think、 believe、 expect、 report、 consider、 suppose等。
（3）It is suggested/hoped that ...不能转换成“主语＋be＋过去分词＋to do”结构。
【品悟】 ①It’s said that thousands of works cut by folk artists will be on display， from which we will know the life of people around us.据说，成千上万的民间艺术家雕刻的作品将被展出，从中我们将了解我们周围人的生活。
②It is expected that the new policy will bring about positive changes.
人们期待新政策将带来积极的变化。
【写美】 句型转换/翻译句子
①It is said that at least one policeman was injured in the accident.
→At least one policeman in the accident.
②People believe that he is one of the best basketball players of China.
→ he is one of the best basketball players of China.
→He one of the best basketball players of China.
③希望这些建议对你有很大的帮助。
提示：完成课后作业 UNIT 2 Section Ⅰ
10 / 10UNIT 2 ICONIC ATTRACTIONS
Nothing is art if it does not come from nature. —Antoni Gaudi 任何不是来自大自然的东西都不是艺术。 ——安东尼·高迪 Form ever follows function.A proper building grows naturally， logically， and poetically out of all its conditions. —Louis Sullivan 形式永远追随功能。一座合适的建筑自然地、合乎逻辑地、富有诗意地从它所处的所有环境中诞生出来。 ——路易斯·沙利文
The difference between good and bad architecture is the time you spend on it. —David Chipperfield 好建筑和坏建筑的区别在于你花在它上面的时间。 ——大卫·奇普菲尔德 Even a brick wants to be something.Every building must have its own soul. —Louis Kahn 即使是一块砖也想有所作为。每个建筑都必须有自己的灵魂。 ——路易斯·卡恩
1 / 2单元素养提升
◇本单元语法学了什么内容？ ◇自我评价
◇本单元写作练了哪个方面？
一、核心单词
1. adj.符号的；图标的
2. n.公共场所（尤指价格低廉的饮食和娱乐场所）；关节adj.联合的；共同的
3. adj.最著名的；第一的；首要的
n.总理；首相
4. adj.中空的；空心的
5. adj.坦率的；简单的
6. n.标语；口号
7. vt.给……命名（或题名）；使享有权利
8. vi.& n.潜水；跳水；俯冲
9. vt.倡议；赞助；主办
n.（法案等的）倡议者；赞助者
10. n.自由
11. n.样本；样品
12. n.纪念碑（或馆、堂、像等）；历史遗迹
13. adj.暂时的；短暂的
14. n.阶段；时期
15. n.树干
16. n.一场；一段时间；会议
17. vi.孵出；破壳
vt.使孵出；策划；（尤指）密谋
18. n.能力；容量
19. n.栅栏；围栏
20. n.监狱；监禁
21. adj.大；宏大的
Ⅰ.选用左栏单词并用其适当形式填空
1.He used the cardboard box to make a shelter for the kitten.
2.His anxiety about the work was just a passing .
3.He was put into because he blew up some government buildings in South Africa.
4.The tree trunk was inside.
5.I don’t think it’s a examination question.
6.The exhibition was by the Society of Culture.
7.A is a large structure， which is built to remind people of an event in history.
8.We based our analysis on a random of more than 200 males.
9.He took a deep breath and into the water.
10.Villagers say the would restrict public access to the hills.
11.The ads helped Nike to achieve status.
12.You will be to your pension when you reach 60.
二、拓展词汇
1. n.创建；基础；地基→found vt.创立，建立；创办
2. adj.政治的→politics n.政治，政治学
3. adj.位于→location n.位置→locate vt.把……设置在；把……建造在
4. n.面包（糕饼）店；面包厂→bake vt.烤，烘焙
5. vt.& vi.（使）振动→vibration n.振动；心灵感应
6. n.自由；不受……影响的状态→free adj.免费的；自由的，不受约束的 vt.使自由，解放；释放
7. n.分布；分配；分发→distribute vt.分发；分送；分配
8. adj.得到正式许可的→license vt.批准；许可n.许可证；执照
9. n.发生率；重复率；（声波或电磁波振动的）频率→frequent adj.频繁的；经常发生的
10. adj.暴力的；猛烈的→violence n.暴力；暴行
Ⅱ.用所给词的适当形式填空
1.Traffic accidents in this area are taking place with increasing （frequent）.
2.She was in a （violence） temper and began throwing things about.
3.She is old enough to have the （free） to do what she likes.
4.They studied the geographical （distribute） of the disease.
5.The first thing he looked at was his office’s （locate）.
6.China is playing an important role on the international （politics） stage.
7.We could feel the （vibrate） from the trucks passing outside.
8.Respect and friendship provide a solid （found） for marriage.
三、重点短语
1. 给……留下印象
2. 对……做一些研究
3. 把……称为……
4. 主修
5. 另一方面
6. 导致
7. 原产于……
8. 与……保持密切联系
9. 吸气
10. 组成；编造；弥补；化妆；和好
11. 在……中起作用
12. 感到自在
13. 一群（羊或鸟）
14. 少数人（或物）；一把（的量）
15. 因为
16. 和……一样好；既……
又……；除……之外（也），还有
17. 拿起；提起；拾起；学会
18. 确保
19. 偶然发现；偶然遇见
Ⅲ.选用左栏短语并用其适当形式填空
1.Children， when exposed to an English-speaking atmosphere， will the language much more easily.
2.He thought he would be rejected from the factory his poor health.
3.Frank put the medicine in a top drawer to it would not be accessible to the kids.
4.Whenever we new words， we may refer to the dictionary.
5.In addition， anxiety and worry can sickness.
6.I want to go to the party， but I ought to prepare for the competition.
7.Thirty boys and twenty girls the class.
8.As we know， koalas Australia.
9.Teams who work on different areas are placed their regional sales directors.
10.He had a genius for making people .
四、经典句式
1.It is/was time （for sb） to do sth是（某人）该做某事的时候了
（差不多是我说再见的时候了） to Australia.
2.it作形式主语，that引导的主语从句作真正的主语
（据说） now nearly half of all Australian citizens were either born overseas or have parents who were born overseas.
3.what引导主语从句
Personally speaking， （澳大利亚让我最喜欢的） is the people themselves.
4.while引导让步状语从句
（虽然鸭嘴兽可以像鸟一样在巢中产卵）， it’s really a primitive mammal， with a unique biology.
Ⅳ.完成句子
1. to protect our Earth from being polluted.
是我们立即采取措施保护我们的地球不受污染的时候了。
2. the robot can finish whatever it is told to do.
据报道，这个机器人可以完成一切指令。
3. has now become a reality.
曾经被认为不可能的事情，现在已经变成了事实。
4. ，they got along quite well in the summer camp.
尽管学生们来自不同的国家，但是他们在夏令营相处得很好。
4 / 4学习讲义部分
UNIT 1 SCIENCE FICTION
Section Ⅰ Reading and Thinking
【文本透析·剖语篇】
第一步
1.（1）robot （2）process （3）result
2.how a robot used for housework is tested out in a family
第二步
1－4 BCAA
第三步
1.（1）He seemed more like a human than a machine.
（2）He was tall and handsome with smooth hair and a deep voice， although his facial expression never changed.
2.（1）Claire didn’t want the robot in her house， especially as her husband would be away on a business trip ...
（2）Claire thought it was ridiculous that she was being offered sympathy by a robot ...
（3）How awful to be discovered by her， Claire thought.
3.（1）She looked at his fingers with wonder as they turned each page.
（2）As he held her， she felt the warmth of his body.She screamed， pushed him away，and ran to her room.
（3）At that moment， Tony took her in his arms， bringing his face close to hers.
第四步
1.No，I don’t think that a person would love a robot.Because a robot is just a machine that has no emotions and facial expressions.
2.It seems to me that we humans will live in harmony with robots. Robots will always be our servants and make our lives better.
第五步
1.时间状语 宾语 克莱尔并不想家里有个机器人，尤其是在她丈夫要出差三周的时候，但是拉里劝她说机器人不会伤害她，也不会让她受到伤害。
2.转折 宾语 Claire thought 克莱尔觉得一个机器人对她表示同情十分荒谬，但她逐渐欣赏托尼的智慧和正直，并且开始信任他。
3.主句 宾语 Larry 克莱尔告诉托尼自己多么的不开心，因为拉里觉得家里不够雅致；拉里想通过涨工资来提高自己的社会地位。
【核心知识·巧突破】
核心词汇集释
1.①试验 ②考验 ③won’t be tested on ④tested the whole class on ⑤put all his training to the test
2.①It ②ridiculously ③It’s ridiculous that some children talk back to ④to think that sleeping with a hat on
3.①with ②will you have human dignity
4.①appointment ②appointed
③Learning that you are appointed as/to be
5.①of ②guilty ③Out of guilt
6.①for ②from ③had to dismiss the team early
④dismissed the class early
7.①against ②on ③to be
④declared that it was the best chocolate cake
重点句型解构
1.①was more diligent than clever
②more than willing to help us； more than our teacher
2.①It is obvious that ②It occurred to the twins that
3.①there stood a group of nurses
②Here are some suggestions on how to create
③Under a big tree sat disappointed David
Section Ⅱ Learning About Language
【重难语法·要攻克】
我的发现
过去将来时 过去进行时 一般过去时
即时演练1
①was invited ②is considered ③is being destroyed
④have been honoured ⑤is being repaired
即时演练2
①A stranger was seen to enter the building just now.
②A present was given to me the other day by my uncle.
I was given a present the other day by my uncle.
③I was made to decide to stay here for another day by the bad weather.
④I was taken good care of by my uncle when I was young.
即时演练3
①sell ②doesn’t cut ③taking/to be taken
【知识要点·须拾遗】
①on/upon ②of ③Based
④（should） base grouping on students’ exam grades
Section Ⅲ Using Language
Part Ⅰ Voice your opinions on robots and AI
【话题听说·勤操练】
话题听力提能
1－5 CBAAB 6－10 BCCCA 11－15 BACBC
听力原文：
（Text 1）
M：There never seems to be enough of me to go around.I wish there could be another me.
W：What are you saying？
M：I read an article.It said scientists created a clone sheep.I had a dream last night about someone cloning me.And I could do so many things.One of me went to work.The other stayed at home to clean the house and even cook dinner.
W：It is strange to see you cooking dinner.
M：Very funny！ But back to the science topic， it is amazing to see science advance so rapidly.
W：Now， they are studying how to copy human DNA.We may see two of you.
M：You are right.But realistically， I like having only one of me.We already have a problem with overpopulation.I don’t think we need to have two of everybody.
W：I must say， it all sounds interesting.I can’t imagine what they will think of next.
（Text 2）
M：Hello.Is that Cathy？
W：Yes， speaking.
M：There is a really good film on at the cinema this week.Would you like to see it with me on Friday evening？
W：No.I’m afraid I can’t.I’m going to take part in a meeting at Peking University on Friday.
M：What a pity！ How long will the meeting last？
W：It depends.I’d love to see a science fiction film.
M：I know you like it.Both of us like science fiction films since childhood.
W：I can never forget the first science fiction film we watched together.
M：Yes， Star Wars！ It was so exciting！ We could not fall asleep after the film although it lasted 2 hours until 11 o’clock. Well， what about Saturday then？
W：That would be great.What time does it start？
M：At 7：00 p.m.Would you like to go for a drink first？
W：Yes， fine.Is six o’clock OK？ We can meet outside the cinema.
M：OK.
（Text 3）
W：Hi， John！ Where have you been？
M：I’ve just been to a football game.It was really exciting.It finished at 8：00 p.m.
W：Oh， do you always go on Saturdays？
M：Not really.The game usually starts at 6：00 p.m.When I finished work this afternoon， it was only 5 o’clock.So I thought I’d go and watch a game.
W：Oh， you must have had a great time.Do you still go swimming on Fridays？
M：No， I’ve changed to the day before Friday because there aren’t so many people then.
W：By the way， I didn’t see you at the park last Sunday afternoon.
M：Last Sunday？ Yeah.I was staying with Liz.We always try to go for a long walk once a week， and Sunday is the only day when we’re both free.
W：What did you do after that？
M：We went dancing in the evening and had a great time.What about you？
W：I had a date with some of my friends.What do you do on Tuesdays？
M：Most Tuesdays I have to work late at the office， so there isn’t much time for anything afterwards.
W：Boy， you surely have a full week.
（Text 4）
M：Future homes will have some really smart cooking tools.Microwave ovens and refrigerators will probably be combined， so that meals can be ready upon one’s arrival home.
Future homes may also have refrigerators that can suggest menus based upon the food you have at home.In the home of the future， the refrigerator will probably also be able to take note of all food supplies in the home and inform you when you’re running out， or even be programmed to contact the local supermarket to drop off the needed food supplies.
Future homes will also be very energy-saving.Microsoft， Google and others are now working on applications to help you see and track which tools use the most electricity， helping you save electricity and thus your daily expenses.
There will most likely also be systems in place for saving and reusing wash water and bath water， which will probably have to be the main origin of future water， so that both plants and people can still have clean water in the future， when water supplies are low.
话题表达实战
Scene One
1－5 EBCAD
Scene Two
1.It is cooked by a special cook
2.but a robot
3.to put the food inside of the robot
4.a delicious dish is finished
5.That is so cool
Part Ⅱ Write a sci-fi short story
【速读语篇·知文意】
1－4 BCBD
【演练佳作·写美文】
写作步骤
二、1.The young man didn’t hesitate to put the ring on his finger.
2.Surprisingly， he discovered that he disappeared， invisible to other people.
3.Then he entered the castle unnoticed/without being noticed.
4.With the help of the ring， he found the magical stick in a golden box.
5.He destroyed it successfully， thus removing the magic spell put on the girl by the witch.
三、6.The young man didn’t hesitate to put the ring on his finger， but surprisingly he discovered that he disappeared， invisible to other people.
7.With the help of the ring， he found the magical stick in a golden box， and destroyed it successfully， thus removing the magic spell put on the girl by the witch.
四、
Once upon a time， a young man was walking through a wood when he saw a shining ring lying on the ground.He just stood， wondering and then the ring said，“Young man， a kind girl is trapped by a witch in the castle ahead.If you are brave enough to rescue her， you will gain happiness.Put on me and I will help you.”
The young man didn’t hesitate to put the ring on his finger， but surprisingly he discovered that he disappeared， invisible to other people.Then he entered the castle unnoticed/without being noticed.He learned that the girl couldn’t move forever unless someone destroyed the witch’s magical stick.With the help of the ring， he found the magical stick in a golden box， and destroyed it successfully， thus removing the magic spell put on the girl by the witch.
The young man， together with the girl， defeated the witch， and they lived a happy life together ever after.
【核心知识·巧突破】
核心词汇集释
1.①to ②far superior to
2.①up ②over； in； on； off ③took down everything he mentioned
3.conflicted with； come into conflict with； in conflict with； conflicts
4.①up ②down ③in ④turn to my classmates or teachers for help ⑤he failed to turn up/he didn’t turn up
5.①behind ②away ③fall in love with China the first time
6.①to study ②urgent ③to take ④Parents urge that their children （should） take advantage of the opportunity.
重点句型解构
1.①It was not until a doctor came into the room that
②It was at that moment that ③What was it that
2.①as if he can hardly bear it any more
②as if he had been transported to another world
【厚积薄发·练续写】
第一步
1.Peter was nearly knocking into a passing car when a passer-by pushed him to the safe place.
2.Tears of gratitude rolled down his cheeks.Peter said thankfully，“You’ve saved me today.I couldn’t thank you enough.”
With tears of gratitude rolling down his cheeks， Peter said thankfully，“You’ve saved me today.I couldn’t thank you enough.”
3.It was very moving to see how much strangers could care for each other.
4.The passer-by smiled with gratitude
5.Touched/Moved deeply
6.Peter’s mother shed tears of joy and gratitude
第二步
Peter was nearly knocking into a passing car when a passer-by pushed him to the safe place.With tears of gratitude rolling down his cheeks， Peter said thankfully，“You’ve saved me today.I couldn’t thank you enough.” It was very moving to see how much strangers could care for each other.The passer-by smiled with gratitude as he accepted the flowers given by a small boy.Touched/Moved deeply， the crowd clapped their hands even more loudly.Later， knowing what had happened， Peter’s mother shed tears of joy and gratitude.
单元素养提升
一、1.ridiculous 2.integrity 3.dignity 4.salary
5.absurd 6.saleswoman 7.ladder 8.dismiss
9.rumour 10.fare 11.flour 12.salesman 13.superior
14.labour 15.leather 16.inch 17.backwards 18.niece
19.fetch 20.handkerchief 21.lamp 22.pace 23.random
Ⅰ.1.rumour 2.pace 3.Labour 4.ridiculous 5.superior
6.salary 7.dismisses 8.handkerchief 9.random
10.dignity 11.integrity
二、1.appointment 2.guilty 3.declare 4.weekly
5.calculate 6.division 7.urge 8.maximum 9.explode
10.mud
Ⅱ.1.appointed； appointed； appointment 2.exploded； explosion 3.guilty 4.muddy 5.weekly 6.division
三、1.experiment with 2.test out 3.more like 4.or rather
5.have an appointment 6.turn around 7.after all
8.more than 9.on a ...basis 10.pros and cons
11.superior to 12.take over 13.conflict with
14.turn out 15.fall away 16.have an urge to
Ⅲ.1.tested out 2.superior to 3.After all 4.turned out 5.take over 6.fell away
四、1.more like a human than a machine
2.make herself more beautiful and her home more elegant
3.there stood Gladys Claffern
4.It was at ten o’clock today that
5.as if a lamp was being turned out
Ⅳ.1.more sad than angry
2.make him examined
3.Seated in the first line are
4.it is not what we say but what we do that
5.as if nothing had happened
UNIT 2 ICONIC ATTRACTIONS
Section Ⅰ Reading and Thinking
【文本透析·剖语篇】
第一步
1.（1）travel （2）impressions （3）Aborigines
（4）multiculturalism
2.four blogs； experiences
第二步
1－4 BDCC
第三步
1.Located to the south of the equator，below many other countries on the globe， it’s often informally referred to as “down under”.
2.（1）The didgeridoo is made from a tree branch which is hollow.
（2）Unlike a horn， there are no finger holes.
3.（1）After being here for a while， my biggest impression is the complicated mix of peoples and cultures that make up the nation.
（2）Personally speaking， what I like most about Australia is the people themselves.They have a straightforward and free-and-easy attitude towards life，and their friendliness and warmth made me feel at home wherever I went.
第四步
1.The Aborigines were hunter-gatherers who grew no crops and did not raise animals， so they were directly dependent on their natural environment.
2.It seems to me that the best iconic attraction in China is the Great Wall.Not only does it represent the long history of China， but it also reflects the Chinese people’s diligence， bravery， and wisdom.What’s more， the Great Wall is one of the man-made structures visible from space.
第五步
1.目的 为了在大洋中这片辽阔的土地上生存，澳大利亚土著人得和大自然保持密切的联系。
2.found on the ground musical instruments 他们的大多数乐器其实就是在地上找到的树枝，其中有一种叫作迪吉里杜管的神奇乐器。
3.It 定语 据说现在近一半的澳大利亚公民要么自己出生于海外，要么父母出生于海外。
【核心知识·巧突破】
核心词汇集释
1.①location ②Located ③is conveniently located within walking distance of the town centre
④is located in the city centre
2.①as ②to ③to be referred to as ④for easy reference
3.①On the one hand； on the other hand
②For one thing； For another
4.①to breathe （in） fresh country air
②breathed a sigh of relief
5.①to give ②of ③Convinced that you like paper-cutting， I’d like to invite you to visit the exhibition.
6.①编造 ②组成，构成 ③couldn’t make out the division line clearly
重点句型解构
1.①to take effective measures； we took effective measures； we should take effective measures
②that I had given/made/delivered a speech in public
2.①is said to have been injured ②It is believed that； is believed to be ③It is hoped that these suggestions would be of great help to you.
Section Ⅱ Learning About Language
【重难语法·要攻克】
我的发现
句首 表语 前面 后面
即时演练1
①used ②selected ③playing ④titled ⑤given
即时演练2
①educated ②stuck ③injured ④rejected ⑤confused
⑥relaxing
即时演练3
①astonished ②decorated ③cleaned； arranged
④burning； burned/burnt ⑤washed
即时演练4
①If he is given ②Although/Though he was laughed at ③Because the teacher was satisfied with ④Encouraged ⑤Welcomed； excited
【知识要点·须拾遗】
1.①entitled ②to ③entitlement
④entitle you to a higher salary
2.①from ②from/of ③nothing is so precious as freedom
Section Ⅲ Using Language
Part Ⅰ Discuss what best represents a place
【话题听说·勤操练】
话题听力提能
1－5 BACBA 6－9 ACAB
听力原文：
（Text 1）
W：If we’re going to travel in Eastern Europe this summer， let’s be sure we go to Bulgaria.
M：Why Bulgaria？
W：Because it’s famous for rose products， especially rose soil.
M：Well， can’t we just buy the products online？ We’re already planning to visit Greek island and Hungarian castles.
W：So？ Let’s add Bulgarian rose fields to the list.I need to see them！ I must smell them！ I have already dreamed of being in the middle of a rose field.
M：Fine， honey.We’ll book a flight to the capital Sofia， and I’ll find out how to tour the rose fields.But if we go to that country， we need to spend some time at a beach holiday center in Varna on the Black Sea.The town is famous， and I want some of the special fish that’s only available during summer.
W：Sounds perfect to me！
（Text 2）
M：How was your trip back to your hometown？
W：Great， except for the flights.On the way there， I stopped in Munich and had to wait six hours for my flight.On the way back I stopped in Zurich and waited four hours.
M：That doesn’t make sense.It shouldn’t take that long to get to Lisbon from Beijing.
W：You’re right， but that is the cheapest flight I could get.I bought these tickets three months ago.
M：That’s too early！ My brother says you should always buy your ticket 40 to 50 days before your flight leaves.
W：That might work normally， but not around our National Day.If you book too late， your ticket will be much more expensive.
M：So what did you do while you were there？
W：First， I visited some of my old relatives in the small villages， and we exchanged gifts.Then I spent several days in the city with my friends.The last few days I returned home to stay with my mom and dad.
M：Sounds like fun.
（Text 3）
M：Ladies and gentlemen， let me be the first to welcome you to Middletown.I hope you’ve had a pleasant journey.If you are connecting to another flight， an attendant at the gate will give you the departure gate number for your next flight.If Middletown is your destination， we thank you for travelling with us.As you exit the plane， walk to your right towards the baggage claim area.Your baggage will be arriving on Carousel B in about 10 minutes.Be sure to have your baggage claim slip with you when you pick up your baggage.Airport transportation is available under the green sign as you depart the baggage claim area.There are buses there that will take you into the center of Middletown.Taxis are also available in the blue parking area.As we taxi to the gate， please stay in your seats until the captain has turned off the seat belt sign.
话题表达实战
Scene One
1－5 ECBAD
Scene Two
1.I plan to pay a visit to a place named Wuzhen
2.She is fond of traditional places
3.I suggest you book a hotel in advance
4.Thank you for reminding me
5.I’d like to see some lovely animals there
Part Ⅱ Describe an iconic animal
【速读语篇·知文意】
1－4 BCBD
【演练佳作·写美文】
写作步骤
二、1.Golden monkeys are protected by the Chinese government.
2.The male golden monkeys are big and strong.
3.The female golden monkeys are much smaller.
4.Golden monkeys live in forests which are 1，500－3，000 meters above the sea level.
5.They like living in family groups.
6.They feed on fruits， nuts， tree leaves and so on.
7.But now their number is getting smaller and smaller.
8.Our government has built some nature reserves to make them live in a protected environment.
9.We hope more and more people will understand the importance of protecting golden monkeys.
三、10.The male golden monkeys are big and strong while the female ones are much smaller.
11.They like living in family groups and they feed on fruits， nuts， tree leaves and so on.
四、
Golden monkeys live in China.They are protected by the Chinese government.
Their fur is golden and a bit grey and their tails are as long as their bodies.The male golden monkeys are big and strong while the female ones are much smaller.Golden monkeys live in forests which are 1，500－3，000 meters above the sea level.They like living in family groups and they feed on fruits， nuts， tree leaves and so on.But now their number is getting smaller and smaller.
Our government has built some nature reserves to make them live in a protected environment.We hope more and more people will understand the importance of protecting golden monkeys.
【核心知识·巧突破】
核心词汇集释
1.①to ②distribution
③tea is widely distributed all over the country
2.①to do ②has a seating capacity of 2，000 audience
3.①A bagful of ②A flock of ③a handful of
④It is bad manners to speak with a mouthful of food.
重点句型解构
①While travelling can broaden your mind
②while others are against it
【厚积薄发·练续写】
第一步
1.nervousness/tension came flooding over me
2.I could feel my heart in my mouth
3.feel my palms sweating， heartbeat racing
4.made me even more nervous
5.With butterflies in my stomach， I breathed deeply
6.I stood there so nervously that I felt my throat tight
7.only to find her freezing fingers sweating and trembling
第二步
When we were standing backstage， nervousness/tension came flooding over me.I could feel my heart in my mouth when my name was called.While I was walking onto the stage， I could feel my palms sweating， heartbeat racing.However， the hall packed with audience made me even more nervous.My heart beat wildly and my legs trembled.With butterflies in my stomach， I breathed deeply.I stood there so nervously that I felt my throat tight， wondering what to do next.Therefore， I reached to grab her hand， only to find her freezing fingers sweating and trembling.
单元素养提升
一、1.iconic 2.joint 3.premier 4.hollow 5.straightforward
6.slogan 7.entitle 8.dive 9.sponsor 10.liberty
11.sample 12.monument 13.temporary 14.phase 15.trunk 16.session 17.hatch 18.capacity 19.fence
20.prison 21.grand
Ⅰ.1.temporary 2.phase 3.prison 4.hollow
5.straightforward 6.sponsored 7.monument 8.sample
9.dived 10.fence 11.iconic 12.entitled
二、1.foundation 2.political 3.located 4.bakery
5.vibrate 6.freedom 7.distribution 8.licensed
9.frequency 10.violent
Ⅱ.1.frequency 2.violent 3.freedom 4.distribution
5.location 6.political 7.vibrations 8.foundation
三、1.make an impression on 2.do some research on
3.refer to ...as ... 4.major in 5.on the other hand
6.lead to 7.be native to 8.be in close contact with
9.breathe in 10.make up 11.play a part in 12.feel at home 13.a flock of 14.a handful of 15.because of
16.as well as 17.pick up 18.make sure e across
Ⅲ.1.pick up 2.because of 3.make sure 4.come across 5.lead to 6.on the other hand 7.make up 8.are native to 9.to be in close contact with 10.feel at home
四、1.It’s almost time for me to say goodbye
2.It is said that
3.what I like most about Australia
4.While it may lay eggs in a nest like a bird
Ⅳ.1.It’s time for us to take immediate measures
2.It is reported that
3.What was once regarded as impossible
4.While the students came from different countries
UNIT 3 SEA EXPLORATION
Section Ⅰ Reading and Thinking
【文本透析·剖语篇】
第一步
1.Parts 1－4 CADB
2.the reasons， history and future of China’s exploring the sea
第二步
1－4 DCBC
第三步
1.In ancient times， silk from China found its way overland to India， the Middle East， and Rome， along what became known as the Silk Road.
2.Under the command of Zheng He， they set sail from the South China Sea across the Indian Ocean to the mouth of the Red Sea， and then to the east coast of Africa.
3.The aim of this initiative is to encourage cooperation and trade across the historic Silk Road areas， and strengthen the bonds between China and the rest of the world.
第四步
1.Marco Polo changed the world by his tales about his travels from Venice to the court of Kublai Khan in China.His account of his journeys inspired other adventurers， such as the explorer Christopher Columbus， who always carried a copy of Polo’s book.
2.China’s “Belt and Road Initiative （BRI）” is a planned multitrillion-dollar infrastructure program that is intended to link China with more than 100 countries through railroad， shipping and energy projects.The BRI will recreate the Silk Road，an old network of trading routes between the East and the West， by investing large sums of money into other countries to build such infrastructure projects.The “belt” will consist of land routes connecting economies in Asia， Africa and Europe.The “road” — while not actually a road — will connect various ocean routes through these areas.
3.Exploring the ocean is the key to increasing our understanding of the ocean， so we can more effectively manage， conserve， regulate， and use ocean resources that are vital to our economy and to all of our lives.Ocean exploration is about making discoveries， searching for things that are unusual and unexpected.Through ocean exploration， we collect data and information needed to address both current and emerging science and management needs.
第五步
1.动词不定式短语 在早期文明中，人们对绘制世界大地图充满激情。
2.宾语 宾语 在古代，中国丝绸经由一条陆路运到印度、中东和罗马，这条路就是有名的“丝绸之路”。
3.which 中国已经在这些沿线地区的运输系统和服务上投入了数十亿美元，这将促进整个地区实现大发展，有利于未来的贸易和文化交流。
【核心知识·巧突破】
核心词汇集释
1.①extending ②extend his helping hand to me； extend my heartfelt gratitude to him
2.①to negotiate ②negotiations ③negotiate directly with him
3.①to withdraw ②had withdrawn from
4.①at ②go hand in hand ③we had to wash our clothes by hand
重点句型解构
1.①seems better than what we have ②what you want to use it for ③what was wasteland
2.①with every international student trying to make their own tea ②With her bike stolen ③With no one to talk to
④with his hands tied behind his back
Section Ⅱ Learning About Language
【重难语法·要攻克】
我的发现
1.主语 宾语 宾语补足语 表语 定语 目的状语
2.to do to have done
即时演练1
①To grasp ②to work ③to adapt ④to put
即时演练2
①（to） ensure ②to know ③to get
即时演练3
①to be distracted ②to have ③to study
④to hold an English Drama Competition
即时演练4
①to explore ②to cancel ③to study
即时演练5
①to make ②to see ③To live ④to find
即时演练6
①to play computer games ②to get on ③open the window
即时演练7
①to have caught ②to return ③to be heard
④happened to be doing her homework
【知识要点·须拾遗】
1.①professional ②by ③Whatever profession you choose
④to seek professional advice ⑤was handled professionally
2.①mixture ②with ③is full of mixed feelings
④that it is a mixture of old and new buildings
3.①for ②applause ③gained the audience’s applause
Section Ⅲ Using Language
Part Ⅰ Get to know about whales and
other sea animals
【话题听说·勤操练】
话题听力提能
1－5 BCACA 6－11 CBABCB
听力原文：
（Text 1）
M：Hey， you’re on the air with Lori Kool.
W：Lori， wow.I love your music.Your first album Ice Cream Scream is my all-time favourite！
M：Thanks very much.
W：I want to know where you often listen to music， Lori.
M：Where？ Um， I listen a lot at home， in my living room.I’ve got a nice new stereo system.
W：That sounds great.I’ve got tons of CDs as well.They take up an entire wall of my living room.
（Text 2）
W：What a big zoo！ I have never seen such a big zoo before.
M：Yeah.There are pandas， tigers， monkeys， elephants， seahorses and many kinds of birds.
W：Great！ I like pandas very much.Where are they？
M：Let me show you.Look！ This is the gate.Go through the gate into the zoo， and you’ll see a small hill on your right.That is the monkey hill.Opposite the hill， there are some big cages.They’re the tigers’ home.Next to the cages， you can see a big pool.Walk by the pool， and you’ll find a lot of trees in front of you.Many kinds of birds live there and pandas always play there， too.
W：Where are the elephants？
M：They are there， between the forest and the monkey hill.
（Text 3）
W：Thanks for offering me a lift.I’m looking forward to this party， but I don’t want to go alone.
M：Don’t mention it.It’s my pleasure.Have you been to one of these large dinner parties since you got to New Haven？
W：No， this is my first time.Last week I went to a cookout for new teachers at Professor Barksdale’s home.I took a taxi because I didn’t want to be late.But I was embarrassed to be the first one.
M：Did you arrive too early？
W：You’re right.The invitation said “two to seven”.I was there at two o’clock， but most people didn’t arrive until three or four.They didn’t have the cookout until five o’clock.
M：Cookouts often start slowly.A two o’clock start means you arrive at any time after two.
W：Thanks for telling me this.
（Text 4）
M：Hello！ This is Bruce speaking.
W：Hello， Bruce！ This is Jane.Would you like to go to a movie this Saturday？
M：I’d like that， but I’m afraid I’m not free the day after tomorrow.My grandparents are coming so my whole family will stay at home that day.
W：Sounds good， but you won’t miss the movie that we have been looking forward to， right？
M：Wait a minute！ You mean you are going to see the film that is famous for its Chinese kungfu in it？ It’s on？
W：Yes！ So， do you have any time on Sunday？ I think we may see the movie one day later.
M：Great！ I’m free in the afternoon.When shall we meet？
W：The movie is more than two hours long.I have to come back home before six.So， how about meeting in front of your house at three？ Then we can get to the cinema in half an hour.
M：No problem！ See you then！
W：See you！
话题表达实战
Scene One
1－5 CAEBD
Scene Two
1.I would like to work as an ocean explorer
2.to become a scientist like him
3.the requirements for becoming an ocean explorer
4.to get a related college degree
Part Ⅱ Express your opinions on sea exploration
【速读语篇·知文意】
1－4 CDAB
【演练佳作·写美文】
写作步骤
二、1.Sea exploration has made it possible for people to discover new medicines.
2.Sea exploration has also made it possible for people to discover new sources of food and energy.
3.Sea exploration might help improve our understanding of life on the earth.
4.Sea exploration might bring about marine pollution.
5.Marine pollution finally leads the ocean creatures to death.
6.Technology improves.
7.We may have more options for achieving this balance.
三、8.Sea exploration has made it possible for people to discover new medicines， as well as new sources of food and energy.
9.Sea exploration might bring about marine pollution， which finally leads the ocean creatures to death.
10.As technology improves， we may have more options for achieving this balance.
四、
Dear Editor，
Recently our class has had a discussion about whether sea exploration should be carried out.
Some of the students are in favour of sea exploration.They say sea exploration has made it possible for people to discover new medicines， as well as new sources of food and energy.Others are against it.In their opinion， although sea exploration might help improve our understanding of life on the earth， it might bring about marine pollution，which finally leads the ocean creatures to death.It might also cause ecosystem destruction.
Personally speaking，sea exploration should be balanced with economic needs.Hopefully， as technology improves， we may have more options for achieving this balance.
Yours，
Li Hua
【核心知识·巧突破】
核心词汇集释
1.①merciful ②on/upon ③With mercy and love
2.①possessions ②of ③in possession of the house； in the possession of him
3.①arrested ②for ③who came to arrest him
重点句型解构
1.①Nervous as she was ②as they thought of the surprise ③With time going by； As time went by
2.①so many flowers in the garden that
②so moved that delightful tears rolled down her cheeks
③Such an attractive place is Dalian； so attractive a place
【厚积薄发·练续写】
第一步
1.The rain poured， beating against my face fiercely.
2.shaking/trembling with cold
3.I breathed a sigh of relief
4.a wave of relief and warmth swept over me
5.Not only did the driver’s kindness warm my heart， but it also became a reminder to pay it forward.
第二步
The rain poured， beating against my face fiercely.Exhausted and shaking with cold， I prayed that someone would give me a ride.Thankfully， a car approached and stopped.I breathed a sigh of relief as the driver signaled me to get in the car.When I got in the car， a wave of relief and warmth swept over me， and I felt silent tears of gratitude rolling down my cheeks， mixing with the rain.Not only did the driver’s kindness warm my heart， but it also became a reminder to pay it forward.
单元素养提升
一、1.tale 2.extend 3.league 4.royal 5.withdraw
6.channel 7.bond 8.tournament 9.laptop
10.applaud 11.tax 12.directory 13.meanwhile
14.opponent 15.log 16.arrest
Ⅰ.1.bond 2.applauded 3.Meanwhile 4.opponent
5.arrested 6.Channel 7.extend 8.withdraw 9.tales
10.taxed
二、1.negotiate 2.politics 3.profession 4.mixture
5.coverage 6.migration 7.murder 8.mercy 9.possession
Ⅱ.1.merciful； mercy 2.professional 3.mixture
4.murderer 5.possession 6.negotiations 7.politics
三、1.form the foundation of 2.set sail 3.find one’s way 4.a sight to behold 5.in a league of one’s own 6.under the command of 7.in return for sth 8.withdraw from 9.for the benefit of 10.in hand 11.take a picture of 12.be home to ... 13.take action 14.as well as
Ⅲ.1.set sail 2.take action 3.as well as 4.is home to
5.For the benefit of 6.under the command of
四、1.what became known as the Silk Road
2.with the latest technology in hand
3.as technology improves
4.loved his parents so much that
Ⅳ.1.what you said
2.With much work to do
3.As more and more forests are being cut down
4.was so tired that
UNIT 4 SHARING
Section Ⅰ Reading and Thinking
【文本透析·剖语篇】
第一步
1.Parts 1－3 BCA
2.Jo’s experience as a volunteer in the bush
第二步
1－4 AADB
第三步
1.（1）My secondary school is a bush school.The classrooms are made of bamboo， with clay floors and roofs of grass.
（2）It takes me only a few minutes to walk to school down a dusty track covered in weeds.
（3）There’s no electricity， running water or even textbooks， not to mention laptops， tablets， or other modern devices！
（4）All the students have are pencils， rubbers， and paper.
2.（1）Unlike students in our country，these boys do not wear cotton uniforms，and many of them also have to walk a long way， sometimes for up to two hours， just to get to school.
（2）The class became a circus as the boys， who had never come across anything like this before， started jumping out of the windows.
3.（1）...I’ve been dying to have some of my favourite sweets， and it’s always nice to get mail！
（2）To be honest， I doubt whether I’m making any difference to these boys’ lives at all.
（3）That evening I fell happily into bed.It was such a privilege to have spent a day with Tombe’s family.
第四步
1.His life is rather hard， original and simple， but he and his family are very friendly.
2.Yes.I believe everyone must form the habit of sharing in his or her life. Sharing has numerous benefits that positively impact individuals， communities， and society as a whole. Firstly， sharing builds trust and fosters stronger relationships by promoting empathy， understanding， and cooperation. Secondly， sharing encourages social interaction and networking. Thirdly， by sharing， we develop a sense of generosity and kindness towards others.
第五步
1.I wonder 宾语 有时，我会想化学对这些学生来说到底有多大的用处——几乎没有人会成为化学家——而且大多数人无论如何在八年级后都要回到自己的村庄。
2.同位语 saw started 我们到达村子时，汤贝的母亲齐亚克看见我们到来，就“唉咿——唉咿——”地叫了起来。
3.同位语 that 汤贝的父亲穆卡普，一位下巴结实、额头满是皱纹的男人，把我们带到他的房子前：一座低矮的圆形竹屋，没有窗户，门的宽度仅够单人穿过，屋顶伸出一簇茅草——这表明这是一个男人的房子。
【核心知识·巧突破】
核心词汇集释
1.①not to mention a detailed report and presentation
②not to mention； let alone
2.①in ②from/against ③in/under the shade of a tree
3.①ripen ②for ③the time was ripe for him to start his own business
4.①into ②dragged ③dragged herself out of bed
5.①privileged ②a ③have the great privilege of introducing/to introduce ④a privilege for me to be involved in
重点句型解构
1.①were talking when ②had （just） reached the railway station when ③was on the point of crying when
④He was about to give up the question when
2.①from which you can buy whatever you need ②from where she could have a good view of the whole town
Section Ⅱ Learning About Language
【重难语法·要攻克】
我的发现
1.①⑧ 2.④⑤⑦ 3.③ 4.②⑥⑨
即时演练1
①made up his mind； change his mind ②were concerned about ③went through ④make use of； have a good command of
即时演练2
①in particular ②With the help of ③by chance
④Thanks to
即时演练3
①a great number of measures
②Among the Chinese historical figures
即时演练4
①as well ②less than ③over and over again
【知识要点·须拾遗】
①to win ②to be treated/treating ③deserve our respect
Section Ⅲ Using Language
Part Ⅰ Meet student volunteers
【话题听说·勤操练】
话题听力提能
1－5 BACBA 6－10 CBABC
11－12 BA
听力原文：
（Text 1）
M：There will be a meeting after class.Are you coming， Helen？
W：After class？ I’m sorry， Mike.I’m afraid I can’t.
M：But it’s quite important.It’s about our helping Bob.
W：Oh， I have to go home to look after my mother.She’s ill today.
M：Sorry to hear that.Then we’ll have to have the meeting without you.I’ll tell you about the meeting tomorrow morning.
W：Thanks.
（Text 2）
M：Morning， Sue.Did you enjoy your holiday in the country？
W：Yes， thanks.We had a great time.And some friends went with us.
M：Where did you stay？ In a hotel？
W：No.We camped in the mountains， near Snowdon.We cooked all our meals over an open fire.
M：Sounds wonderful.Was the weather good？
W：The sun shone nearly every day and it didn’t rain at all.
M：Did you like the people there？
W：Yes， they were great.We met some farmers and had tea in their houses.
（Text 3）
W：May I help you？
M：Yes， I’d like to send this letter to my friend in England.
W：Did you write your return address on the envelope？
M：Yes， I did.
W：How do you want to send it？
M：I guess I will send it by airmail.
W：Does it have anything valuable inside？
M：Yes.I enclosed a check and some photographs.
W：Then you’d better send it by registered mail.
M：That’s a good idea.Will you take care of that for me？
W：I’m sorry， sir.You’ll have to take your letter to the next window.
（Text 4）
M：Hello.
W：Hello， Dad？
M：Yes， Mary！ How are you？ Is there anything wrong？
W：Oh， no.I just want to call and see how you and Mum are.It’s been quite a long time since I saw you.
M：Oh， we’re both fine.Your mother is at the new shopping center.
W：For a new dress？
M：No， for shoes this time.How’s Tom？
W：He’s fine.He likes his work and was given a rise last month by Mr David.We were all pretty pleased about that.
M：Yes， I think you should be.And how is Billy？
W：Well， Billy’s home from school today.It’s nothing serious， just a bad cold.
M：That’s OK.Call again.
W：All right.Bye.
话题表达实战
Scene One
1－5 EADCB
Scene Two
1.could you do me a favour
2.mailing this letter for me on your way to the department store
3.the letter can’t be delayed any more
4.I don’t want it lost
Part Ⅱ Make a speech about China’s
aid to other countries
【速读语篇·知文意】
1－4 CBDC
【演练佳作·写美文】
写作步骤
二、1.I have learned that most of you want to have a full understanding of China’s aid to other countries.
2.I’m willing to offer you some information about it.
3.As we all know/As is known to all， China has a long history of helping other countries.
4.When other countries were in trouble in history， China would offer its help without any hesitation.
5.Please remember that China will give a hand to any country in need/give any country in need a hand.
6.I do hope we can help each other hand in hand.
三、7.I have learned that most of you want to have a full understanding of China’s aid to other countries， so I’m willing to offer you some information about it.
8.Please remember that China will give a hand to any country in need/give any country in need a hand and I do hope we can help each other hand in hand.
四、
Ladies and gentlemen，
Welcome to our school！ I have learned that most of you want to have a full understanding of China’s aid to other countries， so I’m willing to offer you some information about it.
As we all know/As is known to all， China has a long history of helping other countries.Meanwhile， Chinese people are friendly and generous.When other countries were in trouble in history，China would offer its help without any hesitation.
Please remember that China will give a hand to any country in need/give any country in need a hand and I do hope we can help each other hand in hand.
That’s all.Thank you for listening！
【核心知识·巧突破】
核心词汇集释
1.①lately ②Lately； the ③A few weeks later
2.①for ②it ③take them seriously
3.①ability ②disabled ③my disability has made me grow more and more independent
4.①consultant ②consult a dictionary； consult with your classmates about/on
重点句型解构
①are ②did ③Not only does he speak
④Not only did the athlete demonstrate
【厚积薄发·练续写】
第一步
1.had guilt written all over my face
2.She let out a cry of regret
3.She dashed out before I could utter a word.
4.I froze， drowning in feelings of guilt about her
5.With regretful tears welling up in my eyes
第二步
Looking at Ann’s face wet with tears， I had guilt written all over my face.All of a sudden， she let out a cry of regret， “How silly I am！” Then， she dashed out before I could utter a word.I froze， drowning in feelings of guilt about her.If only I had not quarreled with her！ Eventually， with regretful tears welling up in my eyes， I dashed downstairs to apologise to Ann.
单元素养提升
一、1.parcel 2.jam 3.mail 4.weed 5.chorus 6.cotton
7.uniform 8.shade 9.forehead 10.housing
11.platform 12.kettle 13.pan 14.ripe 15.drag
16.privilege 17.plug 18.deserve 19.input 20.tune 21.contract 22.criterion
Ⅰ.1.contract 2.mail 3.jam 4.privilege 5.deserves 6.parcels 7.chorus 8.platform 9.criterion 10.shade
11.weeding 12.ripe 13.uniform 14.forehead 15.Cotton
二、1.secondary 2.dust 3.chemist 4.disabled 5.resign
6.lately 7.consultation 8.stability
Ⅱ.1.dusty 2.later 3.disabled 4.stability 5.chemistry
三、1.（be） dying to 2.a chorus of 3.not to mention
4.adapt to 5.the other day 6.come across
7.be relevant to ... 8.to be honest 9.in need of
10.take （...） for granted 11.work on 12.as well
13.make a big difference 14.relay to 15.pray that
Ⅲ.1.adapt to 2.the other day 3.To be honest 4.as well
5.working on 6.in need of 7.come across 8.were dying to
四、1.It takes me only a few minutes to walk to school
2.was showing the boys a chemistry experiment when
3.from where we had fantastic views
4.not only are Tanzanians helped by the hospital， but
Ⅳ.1.It takes time to master a new skill
2.was studying in his room when
3.from where kiteflying spread to
4.Not only does the new smartphone have
UNIT 5 LAUNCHING YOUR CAREER
Section Ⅰ Reading and Thinking
【文本透析·剖语篇】
第一步
1.Parts 1－3 ACB
2.D
第二步
1－4 DABD
第三步
1.This is because your career is a very important part of who you are.
2.I wish I had thought more about what I really wanted to do.
3.（1）Some ask questions about your personal interests and attitudes.
（2）Others focus more on asking you to rate different kinds of work scenarios， like working as a librarian or a lawyer.
第四步
1.Yes. I agree with the statement one hundred percent. For one thing， when we do what we love， we are enjoying our lives； for another， when we do something we love， we are more likely to achieve great success.
2.I will take a career aptitude test first.But I don’t rely on it alone.I will also consult with my parents and teachers，who will give me practical and valuable suggestions.
第五步
1.career taking time to think about it 你所从事的职业决定了你的生活，所以花点时间来思考它，对年轻人来说是一项至关重要的锻炼。
2.宾语 ideas 有些人年轻时就清楚自己想做什么，但更多的人往往是只有一些想法在脑子里晃来晃去。
3.后置定语 宾语 宾语 你也不希望多年之后回顾过去时才说：“我真希望当年能再多想想自己真正想要做什么。”
4.表语 职业生涯成功的秘诀在于找到你所热爱的。
【核心知识·巧突破】
核心词汇集释
1.①in ②debts ③owe a debt of gratitude to
2.①were categorised ②categories
③There are three categories of accommodation
3.①participants ②in ③participate actively in these discussions
4.①on ②coming ③spied her friend in the crowd
重点句型解构
1.①I could become an astronaut in the future
②I could go back in time and correct my past mistakes
③had studied harder
2.①It is important for students to study diligently ②It is obvious that ③It is necessary that we have social connections ④we break bad habits and create/form/develop positive ones
Section Ⅱ Learning About Language
【重难语法·要攻克】
我的发现
1.主从复合句 表语 宾语 定语 表语 状语
2.并列 定语 that/which
即时演练
①accomplishment one 这是一个惊人的成就，一个没有来自个人、公司和其他社会组织的慷慨的支持，我们就不可能取得的成就。
②祈使 目的 接着把管子放在恰当的位置，使得管子的一端一直放在杯子里并且管子的其余部分向上延伸到洞的外部。
③条件状语 宾语 如果三年前有人告诉我，我会用大部分的周末时间来野营，我会开怀大笑。
④倒装 我不知道我竟然会爱上美式手语。
⑤主语 定语 我所看到的和我之前经历的完全不同。
【知识要点·须拾遗】
1.①accused ②was accused of stealing； was charged with stealing
2.①greedy ②remember not to be greedy
3.①In ②came to/arrived at/reached/drew the conclusion that the new marketing strategy
Section Ⅲ Using Language
Part Ⅰ Choose a university major
【话题听说·勤操练】
话题听力提能
1－5 BCABA 6－11 BCABCA
听力原文：
（Text 1）
M：What did you do after graduation？
W：I’d planned to be a teacher， but then I was offered a good job doing marketing， so I changed my mind.
M：Sounds like you’re happy with your decision.
W：I am.I enjoy my job very much.By the way， have you not had any job offers yet？
M：I had one， but I didn’t like the job very much.I’d also really wanted to attend graduate school， but I was afraid I couldn’t pay that much money.
W：I think you need to make a decision， stick to it and don’t be afraid of difficulties.
（Text 2）
W：Look， Jack！ Here’s a job that might interest you.
M：Are you sure？ The last job interview you sent me to was really a disaster.
W：Well， look！ It’s a big company.You might get to travel.
M：What kind of company is it， though？
W：Um， let’s see.It’s a newspaper office.They say the pay is really good.And oh， look！ They give you a car to travel around.That’s not bad， is it？
M：Do they say anything about needing to have experience of a journalist？
W：No， they want someone young and energetic.Oh， yes， they want a university graduate， so that’s OK.You’ve been to university.The only thing is that you have to travel， but then that’s what the company car is for.
M：Perhaps I’ll have a closer look at it.
（Text 3）
W：John， when you were little， what did you dream you’d grow up to be？
M：Oh， I dreamed that I’d be a pilot when I grew up.
W：So what happened？ Did you just lose interest in being a pilot？
M：No.My parents said it was too dangerous， and they wanted me to find a safer job.How about you？ What did you dream of becoming when you were a little girl？
W：When I was a little girl， I dreamed of being a great scientist， but now， as you can see， I’m just a common office clerk.
M：So what are your dreams now？
W：Well， I really want to be a translator some day， so I’m working hard to learn English.
M：You’re so good at language learning.Your French and Italian are already fluent.Well， I hope you succeed in that dream some day！
W：Thanks.
（Text 4）
W：Hi， Bob！ I am so glad that you came.
M：Of course I’d come.I couldn’t think of a better chance to see all my old friends.
W：It’s hard to believe that it’s been ten years since graduation.
M：How time flies！ How are things going with you？
W：It’s only recently that I’ve been able to start settling down.How about you？ Are you still with Jenny？
M：Yeah， Jenny and I got married right after graduation.It was hard for the first three years — I was supporting us both while she continued her studies — but now things are getting better.I work as a manager in a trade company and she’s working at a law firm.It’s all started to come together and we’re finally able to make a life for ourselves.
W：Oh， that sounds wonderful.I have always known you two would make it.I hope I can keep in better contact with you.
M：Definitely！ Actually， we just moved into a new place.There’s a house-warming party this Saturday， if you are free. I know Jenny would love to see you again and it should be a good party.
W：Sounds great！ I am free this weekend and I’ll be there.
话题表达实战
Scene One
1－5 DACBE
Scene Two
1.I can make full use of my work experience
2.I am more interested in a full-time position
3.What is your greatest weakness
4.Why do you want to work for our company
5.I would like to be a part of that team very much
Part Ⅱ Apply for a summer job
【速读语篇·知文意】
1－4 CACD
【演练佳作·写美文】
写作步骤
二、1.I am writing to recommend myself as the reporter and editor for our school English newspaper.
2.As an outgoing girl full of energy， I like all kinds of meaningful activities.
3.I won first prize in our school English speaking competition last year， which has built up my confidence in learning English well.
4.I have hosted several English singing competitions in our school.
5.I would like to be a member of our school English newspaper and make friends with many other students.
6.I can be reached anytime via email at lihua2023@.
三、7.As an outgoing girl full of energy， I like all kinds of meaningful activities and won first prize in our school English speaking competition last year， which has built up my confidence in learning English well.
四、
Dear editor，
I am Li Hua， a 17-year-old girl from Senior 2.I am writing to recommend myself as the reporter and editor for our school English newspaper.
As an outgoing girl full of energy， I like all kinds of meaningful activities and won first prize in our school English speaking competition last year， which has built up my confidence in learning English well.Besides， I have hosted several English singing competitions in our school.
I would like to be a member of our school English newspaper and make friends with many other students.I can be reached anytime via email at lihua 2023@.
I am looking forward to hearing from you.
Yours，
Li Hua
【核心知识·巧突破】
核心词汇集释
1.①to ②who/that ③to have been invited to attend this international conference
2.①priorities ②to ③give priority to
④list your tasks in order of priority
3.①of ②thinking
③In order to acquire a better understanding of Tang poems
重点句型解构
1.①There is no point in talking ②There is no denying that
③There is no need for you to
2.①how to adapt to the new surroundings ②When to go on a picnic ③whether to participate in the music festival
【厚积薄发·练续写】
第一步
1.with a sinking heart
2.She dropped/hung/bowed/lowered her head in sadness， great sorrow/sadness/depression filling her eyes.
3.An air of sadness
4.she would fail
5.Disappointment and sadness came in waves
6.throw herself onto her bed and weep wildly
第二步
Wang Hua rose with a sinking heart and stepped out of the classroom.She dropped/hung/bowed/lowered her head in sadness， great sorrow/sadness/depression filling her eyes.An air of sadness could be sensed ten meters away.Definitely， she would fail the maths exam！ Disappointment and sadness came in waves， and tears streamed/rolled/flowed down her cheeks.She was just desperate to rush home and throw herself onto her bed and weep wildly！
单元素养提升
一、1.bounce 2.lawyer 3.assemble 4.wrist 5.debt
6.categorise 7.code 8.detective 9.graphic 10.spy 11.justice 12.accuse 13.council 14.canal 15.supervise
16.handwriting 17.disk 18.purse 19.wool
20.priority 21.proficiency 22.cage 23.certificate 24.desert
Ⅰ.1.assembled 2.categorised 3.detective（s）
4.handwriting 5.desert 6.accuse 7.justice 8.debt 9.certificate 10.priority 11.spied 12.council
13.proficiency 14.supervised
二、1.drawer 2.participant 3.accountant 4.greedy
5.receptionist 6.socialist 7.communist 8.dedicate
9.parking 10.sew 11.finance 12.employer
13.acquire
Ⅱ.1.communist 2.receptionist 3.employers 4.financial
5.parking 6.greedy 7.participant 8.sewing 9.dedicated
三、1.head start 2.focus on 3.a variety of 4.based on 5.in conclusion 6.a chest of drawers 7.（real） estate agent 8.come to a conclusion 9.attend to 10.a passion for 11.apply for 12.have experience in 13.decide on 14.be keen to do sth 15.hear from
Ⅲ.1.focus on 2.based on 3.apply for 4.hear from
5.attend to 6.a variety of 7.decide on 8.In conclusion
四、1.I wish I had thought more about
2.it is important to remember
3.how to lead and decide on priorities
Ⅳ.1.I wish that someday I would/could live
2.It is very necessary for you to change
3.what to learn in senior high school
4 / 6Section Ⅱ Learning About Language
过去分词
①Located to the south of the equator，below many other countries on the globe， it’s often informally referred to as “down under”.
②...I’m more interested in meeting people in Australia and experiencing their culture， food， and way of life.
③Most of their musical instruments are really just sticks found on the ground， among which there is an amazing instrument called the didgeridoo.
④A skilled player can play for a long time without stopping to breathe.
⑤I tried to learn how to play it， but after trying for hours， I was convinced that I could never make a musical sound with this instrument！
⑥Although the main cultural influence since 1788 has been Western culture， minority cultures have also played a part in shaping the unique Australian culture， with many of the new cultural influences contributed by immigrants.
【我的发现】
以上句子中的加黑部分，句①中为过去分词短语作状语，通常放在 ；句②和句⑤中为过去分词作 ；句④中为单个的过去分词作定语，常常放在被修饰名词的 ；句③和句⑥中为过去分词短语作定语，常常放在被修饰名词的 。
一、过去分词作定语
1.及物动词的过去分词作定语往往表示被动和完成；不及物动词的过去分词作定语只表示完成，不表示被动。
a polluted river 一条被污染的河流
the watered flowers 浇过水的花
fallen leaves 落叶
the risen sun 升起的太阳
2.单个的过去分词作定语时，通常放在被修饰词的前面；过去分词短语作定语时，通常放在被修饰词的后面，其作用相当于一个定语从句。
The student dressed in white is my daughter.
＝The student who is dressed in white is my daughter.
穿白色衣服的那个学生是我的女儿。
名师点津
过去分词作定语和动词-ing形式作定语的区别：
（1）语态不同：过去分词表示被动；动词-ing形式表示主动。
The question discussed was very important.
被讨论过的那个问题很重要。
The boy speaking at the meeting is Tom’s brother.
正在会上发言的那个男孩是汤姆的弟弟。
（2）时间关系上不同：动词-ing形式表示动作正在进行；过去分词表示动作已经完成。
3.过去分词、动词-ing形式的被动语态与动词不定式的被动语态作定语的区别：
意义 形式 语态 时态
done 被动 完成
being done 被动 进行
to be done 被动 将来
The building built last year is our classroom building.
去年建造的那栋楼是我们的教学楼。
The building being built now is our classroom building.
现在正在建造的那栋楼是我们的教学楼。
The building to be built next month is our classroom building.
下个月将要建造的那栋楼是我们的教学楼。
【即时演练1】 用所给动词的适当形式填空
①（2023·新课标Ⅱ卷） Not the pandas， even though the language （use） for the medical training instructions is actually English.
②The players （select） from the whole country are expected to bring us honour in this summer game.
③Tell the children （play） outside not to make too much noise.
④After the flag was raised， one student delivered a speech （title） “My Chinese Dream”.
⑤Before the contest， colorful performances （give） by students were more than attractive.
二、过去分词作表语
1.过去分词用在系动词后面，构成系表结构，表示主语所处的状态。
She looked disappointed.
她看上去很失望。
We were encouraged at the news.
听到这个消息我们很受鼓舞。
2.过去分词作表语与被动语态的区别：
过去分词作表语表示主语所处的状态，这一结构从形式上与被动语态相同，但被动语态强调主语所承受的动作。试比较：
3.感觉类及物动词的动词-ing形式与过去分词作表语的区别：
英语中有很多与感觉有关的及物动词，其动词-ing形式表示主动意义，即“令人有某种感觉的”，多用来修饰物；其过去分词形式含有被动意义，即“人被引起某种感觉的”，多用来指人、人的声音、笑容或表情等。常用的这类词如下：
We were surprised at what he said at the meeting.
我们对他在会上讲的话很是惊讶。
His words were discouraging，which made many people discouraged.
他的话令人泄气，使得很多人灰心丧气。
名师点津
有的过去分词作表语，相当于形容词，且大部分已转化为形容词，常见的有delighted、 drunk、amused、 disappointed、 discouraged、 astonished、 hurt、 interested、 crowded、 tired、 satisfied、 pleased、 surprised、 worried、 excited、 married、 puzzled、 upset等。
【即时演练2】 用所给动词的适当形式填空
①Ecotourism is different from traditional tourism because it allows the traveler to become （educate） about the areas.
②In April，thousands of holiday makers remained （stick） due to the earthquake.
③One of my classmates got （injure） accidentally and without hesitation Mrs Wu took him to hospital for medical treatment.
④They want to apply for the position， but they are afraid of getting （reject）.
⑤You must follow the directions exactly and if you become （confuse）， you must take the time to go back again and reread them.
⑥It feels quite （relax） to take a bath after work.
三、过去分词作宾语补足语
1.过去分词作宾语补足语说明宾语的状态或性质，与宾语一起构成复合宾语，它前面的宾语就是其逻辑主语，作宾语补足语的多是及物动词。
（1）过去分词作宾语补足语表示被动关系，其动作先于谓语动词所表示的动作。
（2）过去分词作宾语补足语时，所表示的动作一定和宾语有逻辑上的动宾关系。
2.能够接过去分词作宾语补足语的动词有以下三类：
（1）make、 get、 have、 keep等使役动词；
（2）see、 hear、 feel、 find等表示感觉和心理状态的动词；
（3）like、 want、 wish、 order等表示希望、要求、命令等意义的动词。
When will you go to the hospital and have your teeth examined？
你什么时候去医院检查你的牙齿？
She saw the thief caught by policemen.
她看见小偷被警察抓住了。
The manager doesn’t like such questions discussed at the meeting.
经理不喜欢在会上讨论这样的问题。
3.“with/without＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构。
With the key lost， he had to wait outside the door.
由于钥匙丢了，他只好在门外等候。
With his homework done， he started to watch TV.
作业完成后，他开始看电视。
4.过去分词作宾语补足语时，应注意以下几种情况：
（1）使役动词have接过去分词作宾语补足语时有两种情况：
①过去分词所表示的动作由他人完成；
②过去分词所表示的动作由句中的主语所经历。
He had his money stolen.
他的钱被偷了。（被别人偷去了）
He had his leg broken.
他的腿断了。（自己的经历）
（2）过去分词作宾语补足语时，如果变为被动语态，那么过去分词在句中就作主语补足语。
Almost no student is seen punished in this school.
在这所学校，几乎见不到学生被惩罚。
【即时演练3】 用所给动词的适当形式填空
①But that’s how nature is — always leaving us （astonish）.
②They make great gifts and you see them （decorate） with red envelopes and messages of good fortune.
③The steward was surprised to find his room thoroughly （clean） and everything （arrange） in a perfect order.
④The villagers saw the fire （burn） brightly in the distance.When they hurried there， they found some houses （burn） to the ground already.
⑤Before driving into the city， you are required to have your car （wash）.
四、过去分词作状语
1.过去分词作状语，修饰谓语动词，进一步说明谓语动词的动作和状态，其逻辑主语通常就是句子的主语，且主语是过去分词动作的承受者。
Greatly interested， I asked how he played these new works.
因为非常感兴趣，我问他是如何演奏这些新作品的。
Given good health， I hope to finish the work this year.
如果身体好，我希望今年完成这项工作。
The scientist Tu Youyou came in， followed by her assistant.
科学家屠呦呦进来了，后面跟着她的助手。
When seen from the top of the hill，the park looks more beautiful.
从山顶上看，这座公园看起来更加漂亮。
2.过去分词作状语，可以表示时间、原因、条件、让步、方式或伴随等，在意义上相当于一个状语从句。
（1）表示时间，可转换为when、 while或after等引导的时间状语从句。
Accepted by the Party， he decided to devote his life to the cause of the Party.
＝When he was accepted by the Party，he decided to devote his life to the cause of the Party.
入党以后，他决定献身于党的事业。
（2）表示原因，可转换为as、 since或because等引导的原因状语从句。
Deeply moved by the story， the excited people stopped quarrelling with each other.
＝Because they were deeply moved by the story， the excited people stopped quarrelling with each other.
激动的人们被那个故事深深地打动了，停止了互相争吵。
（3）表示条件，可转换为if、 once或unless等引导的条件状语从句。
Heated， water can be turned into water vapour.
＝If it is heated， water can be turned into water vapour.
水如果被加热，就会变成水蒸气。
（4）表示让步，可转换为although、 though或even if等引导的让步状语从句。
Exhausted by the running， they went on running after the robber.
＝Although they were exhausted by the running，they went on running after the robber.
尽管已经跑得筋疲力尽，他们还是继续追赶那个劫匪。
（5）表示方式或伴随情况，一般可转换为并列结构。
The old man went into the room， supported by his wife.
＝The old man was supported by his wife and went into the room.
那位老人在妻子的搀扶下走进了房间。
3.连词＋过去分词
过去分词作状语时，为了明确其意义有时可在过去分词前加上when、 while、 if、 once、 unless、 although、 as if等连词，相当于省略形式的状语从句。
If merely based on your imagination， the report will not be convincing.
如果仅基于你的想象，报告是不会有说服力的。
名师点津
有些过去分词因为来源于系表结构，作状语时不表示被动而表示状态。这样的过去分词（短语）常见的有lost （迷路）、 seated （坐）、 hidden （躲）、 stationed （驻扎）、 lost/absorbed in （沉溺于）、 born （出生）、 dressed in （穿着）、 tired of （厌烦）。
Lost/Absorbed in deep thought， he didn’t hear the sound.
沉溺于思考之中，他没听到那个声音。
Born in this beautiful town， he hates to leave it.
出生在这个美丽的小镇，他不愿离开。
【即时演练4】 同义句转换/单句语法填空
①Given another chance， he will do better.
→ another chance， he will do better.
②Laughed at by many people， he continued his study.
→ by many people， he continued his study.
③Satisfied with what he did， the teacher praised him in class.
→ what he did， she praised him in class.
④（2023·新课标Ⅱ卷） （encourage） by his words， I agreed to give it a try.
⑤ （welcome） by Jennifer and her parents with open arms， he felt very （excite）.
entitle vt.给……命名（或题名）；使享有权利
【教材原句】 Ethnic minority groups in China are often entitled to special funds from the government to help protect their cultural heritage.
在中国，少数民族经常有权从政府获得特别基金，来帮助保护他们的文化遗产。
【用法】
（1）be entitled to （do） sth获得权利做某事
be entitled sth （书、戏剧等）名为……
entitle sb to sth 给予某人某种权利；使某人有资格获得某事物或做某事
（2）entitlement n. 授权；有资格
【佳句】 I feel very honoured to stand here and deliver a speech entitled “My Ideal Career”.
我很荣幸站在这里发表题为“我的理想职业”的演讲。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①The novel （entitle） Journey to the West is so attractive that he can’t tear himself away from it.
②It is well known that everyone is entitled their own opinion.
③They lose their （entitle） to welfare when they start work.
【写美】 完成句子
④Your qualifications .
你的资历使你有资格获得更高的薪水。
freedom n.自由；不受……影响的状态
【教材原句】 Unfortunately， elephants are endangered in Thailand， but special parks have been set up to protect their safety and freedom.
不幸的是，在泰国大象濒临灭绝，但为了保护它们的安全和自由，（人们）建立了专门的公园。
【用法】
（1）freedom of ... ……的自由
freedom to do ... 做……的自由
freedom from ... 没有……的情况；不受……影响的状态
（2）free adj. 自由的；不受……影响的；免费的
keep ...free from/of 使……免受（影响、伤害等）
（3）freely adv. 自由地；随意地
【佳句】 From my point of view， being a grown-up means more responsibilities instead of more freedom.在我看来，作为一个成年人意味着更多的责任而不是更多的自由。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①At one time， I even felt my parents couldn’t understand me， so I hoped I could have freedom them.
②Mr Brown works hard to keep his families free worries in their lives.
【写美】 完成句子
③We， therefore， come to the conclusion that in the world.
因此，我们得出结论：世界上没有什么东西和自由一样珍贵。
提示：完成课后作业 UNIT 2 Section Ⅱ
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