Section Ⅲ Using Language
Part Ⅰ Voice your opinions on robots and AI
听说课前清障 ——排除疑难，胸有成竹
1.disappear from sight 从视线中消失
2.open the curtains 拉开窗帘
3.delicious cuisine 美味菜肴
4.whisper to another woman对另一个女人耳语
5.a sweet victory 一次甜蜜的胜利
6.a handsome lover 一个英俊的情人
7.leave me alone 离我远点
8.be pleased with 对……感到满意
9.fall off a ladder 从梯子上摔下来
10.fall in love with 爱上……
11.time travel 时间旅行
12.do simple tasks 做简单的任务
13.look like humans 看起来像人类
14.artificial intelligence 人工智能
15.robots with more complex occupations具有更复杂职业的机器人
16.feel more comfortable 感觉更舒服
17.bring benefits and problems 带来好处和问题
18.labour efficiency 劳动效率
19.issues with integrating them into society让它们融入社会带来的问题
话题听力提能 ——捕捉信息，精准判断
听下面4段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第1段材料，回答第1至3题。
1.How does the man get the information about the clone sheep？ （ ）
A.On TV. B.Over the radio. C.From an article.
2.What was the man’s dream about？ （ ）
A.He saw a clone sheep. B.He was cloned. C.He cloned a sheep.
3.What does the man say about having two of everybody at last？（ ）
A.Troublesome. B.Interesting. C.Amazing.
听第2段材料，回答第4至7题。
4.Where will the woman go on Friday？（ ）
A.To Peking University.
B.To the cinema.
C.To the man’s home.
5.What kind of film does the woman like？（ ）
A.Action films.
B.Science fiction films.
C.Comedies.
6.What time did Star Wars start？（ ）
A.At 11：00 p.m.
B.At 9：00 p.m.
C.At 2：00 p.m.
7.What will they do first on Saturday evening？（ ）
A.Buy the tickets.
B.Watch the film.
C.Have a drink.
听第3段材料，回答第8至11题。
8.How long was the football game？（ ）
A.For an hour.
B.For one hour and a half.
C.For two hours.
9.When does the man go swimming？（ ）
A.On Saturday.
B.On Friday.
C.On Thursday.
10.What did the man do last Sunday afternoon？（ ）
A.He went for a walk.
B.He went dancing.
C.He stayed at home.
11.Where is the man on Tuesday evening？（ ）
A.In a pub.
B.At his office.
C.In his friend’s home.
听第4段材料，回答第12至15题。
12.What will probably be able to prepare meals before you come home in the future？（ ）
A.Smart cooking tools.
B.Professional chefs.
C.Family robots.
13.What can a refrigerator do in the future？（ ）
A.Take note of your daily menus.
B.Sort out all the food supplies.
C.Contact the local supermarket.
14.How will people probably save electricity in the future homes？（ ）
A.By using less time.
B.By tracking with their tools.
C.By using new kinds of energy.
15.Where can plants and people get clean water from in the future？（ ）
A.Wash water and man-made water.
B.Bath water and sea water.
C.Wash water and bath water.
答案：1－5 CBAAB 6－10 BCCCA 11－15 BACBC
听力原文：
（Text 1）
M：There never seems to be enough of me to go around.I wish there could be another me.
W：What are you saying？
M：I read an article.It said scientists created a clone sheep.I had a dream last night about someone cloning me.And I could do so many things.One of me went to work.The other stayed at home to clean the house and even cook dinner.
W：It is strange to see you cooking dinner.
M：Very funny！ But back to the science topic， it is amazing to see science advance so rapidly.
W：Now， they are studying how to copy human DNA.We may see two of you.
M：You are right.But realistically， I like having only one of me.We already have a problem with overpopulation.I don’t think we need to have two of everybody.
W：I must say， it all sounds interesting.I can’t imagine what they will think of next.
（Text 2）
M：Hello.Is that Cathy？
W：Yes， speaking.
M：There is a really good film on at the cinema this week.Would you like to see it with me on Friday evening？
W：No.I’m afraid I can’t.I’m going to take part in a meeting at Peking University on Friday.
M：What a pity！ How long will the meeting last？
W：It depends.I’d love to see a science fiction film.
M：I know you like it.Both of us like science fiction films since childhood.
W：I can never forget the first science fiction film we watched together.
M：Yes， Star Wars！ It was so exciting！ We could not fall asleep after the film although it lasted 2 hours until 11 o’clock. Well， what about Saturday then？
W：That would be great.What time does it start？
M：At 7：00 p.m.Would you like to go for a drink first？
W：Yes， fine.Is six o’clock OK？ We can meet outside the cinema.
M：OK.
（Text 3）
W：Hi， John！ Where have you been？
M：I’ve just been to a football game.It was really exciting.It finished at 8：00 p.m.
W：Oh， do you always go on Saturdays？
M：Not really.The game usually starts at 6：00 p.m.When I finished work this afternoon， it was only 5 o’clock.So I thought I’d go and watch a game.
W：Oh， you must have had a great time.Do you still go swimming on Fridays？
M：No， I’ve changed to the day before Friday because there aren’t so many people then.
W：By the way， I didn’t see you at the park last Sunday afternoon.
M：Last Sunday？ Yeah.I was staying with Liz.We always try to go for a long walk once a week， and Sunday is the only day when we’re both free.
W：What did you do after that？
M：We went dancing in the evening and had a great time.What about you？
W：I had a date with some of my friends.What do you do on Tuesdays？
M：Most Tuesdays I have to work late at the office， so there isn’t much time for anything afterwards.
W：Boy， you surely have a full week.
（Text 4）
M：Future homes will have some really smart cooking tools.Microwave ovens and refrigerators will probably be combined， so that meals can be ready upon one’s arrival home.
Future homes may also have refrigerators that can suggest menus based upon the food you have at home.In the home of the future， the refrigerator will probably also be able to take note of all food supplies in the home and inform you when you’re running out， or even be programmed to contact the local supermarket to drop off the needed food supplies.
Future homes will also be very energy-saving.Microsoft， Google and others are now working on applications to help you see and track which tools use the most electricity， helping you save electricity and thus your daily expenses.
There will most likely also be systems in place for saving and reusing wash water and bath water， which will probably have to be the main origin of future water， so that both plants and people can still have clean water in the future， when water supplies are low.
话题表达实战 ——聚焦主题，定向突破
下面一段对话谈论了一种新型机器人Hanako，它可以充当年轻医生的陪练对象。
阅读下面对话，根据语境选择最佳选项。
Lily：Hello， Ann， is everything going well？
Ann：Not so good.
Lily： 1
Ann：You know I am a green hand as a dentist. 2
Lily：Maybe because of their psychological actions.
Ann： 3
Lily：Don’t lose heart； a new kind of robot， Hanako， has been researched and developed in Japan.
Ann： 4
Lily：Hanako has the abundant countenance. 5 According to the robot’s reaction， the young dentists can make much progress in taking exercise.
Ann：That is a good research.
A.What is the speciality of this new kind of robot？
B.Patients seldom dare to be cured by me.
C.I feel helpless.
D.It can work as a model for young dentists.
E.What is the matter？
答案：1－5 EBCAD
你吃过机器人厨师做的饭菜吗？机器人又是怎样做饭的呢？
阅读并根据提示完成下面对话。
Lily：Ann， how about this dish？
Ann：It is very delicious.
Lily：Quite right.1. It is cooked by a special cook （这是由一位特殊的厨师做的）.
Ann：He must be a famous cook.
Lily：He is not a human being 2. but a robot （而是一个机器人）.
Ann：A robot cook？ I can’t believe it.
Lily：It is true.This robot is manufactured by an old man in Beijing.You just need 3. to put the food inside of the robot （把食物放进机器人的肚子里） and carry some orders out.After a few minutes， 4. a delicious dish is finished （一道美味的菜肴就完成了）.
Ann：It is easy and convenient.
Lily：Yeah， the old man plans to popularize this kind of robot cook to more and more restaurants.
Ann：5. That is so cool （真是太酷了）.
Part Ⅱ Write a sci-fi short story
1.How did the author first know he had travelled through time？（ ）
A.He pushed the starting lever.
B.He saw the clock move forwards.
C.His niece came in to fetch something.
D.The laboratory went hazy around him.
2.How did the author feel when travelling through time？（ ）
A.Excited.
B.Relaxed.
C.Strange and unpleasant.
D.Familiar and interesting.
3.What was the author worried about stopping the Time Machine？（ ）
A.It would be out of order.
B.It would explode like a bomb.
C.It would be flipped on its side.
D.He would be thrown through the air.
4.Where did the Time Machine arrive in the end？（ ）
A.In a factory.
B.In the laboratory.
C.In the author’s house.
D.In some mud in the rain.
答案：1－4 BCBD
Step 1 品教材课文
THE TIME MACHINE （Adapted）
It was at ten o’clock today that the first of all Time Machines began its career.I gave it a last check， and sat myself in the leather seat. I pushed the starting lever on the main panel forwards an inch then immediately backwards again.Looking around， I saw my laboratory exactly as before.Had anything happened？ I thought my mind had tricked me.Then I saw the clock.A moment before， it was a minute or so past ten； now it was nearly half past three！
I drew a breath， gripped the lever and pushed it forwards.The laboratory went hazy around me.My niece came in to fetch something， maybe her handkerchief， apparently without seeing me.It probably took her a minute， but to me she moved like a rocket！ I pushed the lever further.[1]Night came as if a lamp was being turned out， and in another moment came the day.Tomorrow night came， then skipped to day， again and again， faster and faster still.
[1]这是一个and连接的并列句。第一个分句中含有as if引导的方式状语从句；第二个分句中介词短语in another moment置于句首，使用了完全倒装。
It is hard to explain the strange and unpleasant feeling of time travelling.It felt like I was being driven fast on a winding road.As my pace grew faster， the walls of the laboratory fell away， and I was left in the open air.The sun and moon looked as if they were being thrown across the sky， but soon there was division between night and day.Around me I saw trees growing like puffs of smoke； they grew， spread， and died in moments.I saw huge buildings rise up， then disappear like in a dream.The whole surface of the earth was being changed， melting and flowing before my eyes.I calculated that I was being pushed through time at hundreds of years a minute.
[2]I had a strong urge to look at the random things that were being flashed before my eyes！I had thought about the risk of stopping the Time Machine many times.So long as I travelled at maximum speed， it didn’t matter.But if I stopped and the same space was being occupied by something else， we would be forced together and explode like a bomb！ Like an impatient fool， I pulled the lever backwards hard.With a sudden jolt， the Time Machine was flipped on its side， and I was thrown through the air.
[2]这是一个主从复合句。that引导定语从句，修饰先行词things。
I was stunned for a moment， and then heard the sound of thunder.I was sitting in the rain in some mud next to the machine.“A fine welcome，” I said，“for a man who has travelled thousands of years to be here！”
Step 2 析写作手法
学语言：
1.第一段中的It was at ten o’clock today that ...为强调句，强调时间状语。Looking around为动词-ing短语作状语。
2.第二段倒数第二句中的as if引导方式状语从句；第三段第四句中的as if引导表语从句。
3.第四段第一句中a strong urge的使用描述了作者的迫切心情。第二句中had thought about的使用表达出作者的心理活动。
4.第五段中A fine welcome的使用使结尾显得简练生动、恰到好处。
学结构：
1.课文由五部分组成：
第一段：讲述“我”第一次尝试启动时间机器；
第二段：介绍时间机器的正式启动；
第三段：介绍“我”乘坐时间机器的感觉；
第四段：介绍“我”在停止时间机器前的心理活动；
第五段：介绍“我”停止了时间机器的运行，结果跨越千年，到达未来。
2.文章按照时间顺序详细描述了作者时间旅行的经历。在表达中使用了then、now、but、and等过渡词，使文章表达条理清晰。
3.语篇在选材和叙述手法上深入浅出，注重激发读者的情感共鸣。
【参考译文】
时间机器（改编版）
上午十点，所有时间机器中的第一台启动了其运转之旅。我最后检查了一遍机器，然后坐在皮椅上。我把主面板上的启动杆往前推了一英寸，然后又立刻向后拉。环顾四周，我看到实验室与以前一模一样。发生什么事了吗？我以为我的大脑欺骗了我。然后我看了下时钟。片刻之前，大概是十点零一分，而现在已经快三点半了！
我吸了一口气，一把抓住操纵杆，往前推了一下。实验室在我身边变得模糊不清。我的侄女进来拿东西，也许是拿她的手帕，但她显然没看见我。她大约花了一分钟时间，但在我看来，她的动作快如火箭！我把操纵杆再往前推了一下。夜幕降临了，仿佛一盏灯正在熄灭，转眼间，白昼就来临了。第二天夜晚降临，接着又跃进到白天。如此反复，越来越快。
时间旅行带来的陌生感和不适感是难以解释的。我感到我好像坐在一部汽车里，飞驰在蜿蜒的道路上。我的速度越来越快，实验室的墙壁随之坍塌，我置身野外。太阳和月亮看起来似乎正被抛向天空，但是很快就有了昼夜之分。环顾四周，我看到树木似青烟升起，不断生长，变得枝繁叶茂，片刻之后枯亡。我看到大楼拔地而起，继而消逝，犹如梦中。地球的整个表面都在变化，在我的眼前熔化、流动。我估算我一分钟要穿越数百年的时间。
我有一种强烈的欲望，想看看眼前那些随机闪现的东西！我已多次考虑过停下时间机器的风险。只要我以最高的速度前进，就不会有什么问题。但是，如果我停下来，同一空间被别的东西占据，我们就会被挤在一起，然后像炸弹一样爆炸！我就像一个失去耐心的傻瓜，使劲向后拉了下操纵杆。突然一震，时间机器侧翻了，我被抛向了空中。
我一时惊呆了，然后听到雷声。我坐在雨中的一堆烂泥上，时间机器躺在一旁。“对一个穿越了数千年才来到这里的人来说，这欢迎真是别开生面！”我说道。
Step 3 背出彩佳句
1.Future life is waiting for us to imagine and explore.
未来生活等待着我们去想象和探索。
2.How I wish to fly into the future world with the Time Machine！
我多么想通过时间机器飞到未来的世界！
3.Have you ever thought about the life with robots in the next 50 years？
你有没有想过未来50年有机器人的生活？
4.Robots will play an important role in our future lives.
机器人将在我们未来的生活中扮演重要的角色。
5.Robots may be everything except humans in the future. 在未来，机器人可能成为除了人类之外的一切。
6.It is hard to predict what exactly the future will be like，but to express imaginary ideas in our minds is another thing.
很难预测未来究竟会是什么样子，但在我们的头脑中表达想象的想法是另一回事。
7.As we move into the future， technological advancements will continue to shape our daily lives.
随着我们走向未来，科技进步将继续塑造我们的日常生活。
8.The cities of the future will be greener， more sustainable， and more responsive to the needs of their residents.
未来的城市将更加绿色、更加可持续，并且对他们居民的需求更加敏感。
9.In the future， artificial intelligence will play an even larger role in our personal and professional lives.
在未来，人工智能将在我们的个人和职业生活中发挥更大的作用。
10.The future will not only bring new challenges but also new opportunities for growth and discovery.
未来不仅会带来新的挑战，也会带来新的成长和发现机会。
某英文报社正在举行英文幻想故事大赛，请你根据所给出的故事开头（不计入总词数），续写一篇幻想小故事参赛。
Once upon a time， a young man was walking through a wood when he saw a shining ring lying on the ground. He just stood， wondering and then the ring said，“Young man， a kind girl is trapped by a witch in the castle ahead. If you are brave enough to rescue her， you will gain happiness. Put on me and I will help you.”
一、合理布局，精心谋篇
二、遣词造句，规范得体
1.这个年轻人毫不犹豫地戴上了这枚戒指。（hesitate）
The young man didn’t hesitate to put the ring on his finger.
2.他吃惊地发现自己消失了，其他人都看不见他。（disappear）
Surprisingly， he discovered that he disappeared， invisible to other people.
3.然后他神不知，鬼不觉地进入了城堡。（unnoticed）
Then he entered the castle unnoticed/without being noticed.
4.在这枚戒指的帮助下，他在一个金盒中找到了魔棒。（help）
With the help of the ring， he found the magical stick in a golden box.
5.他成功地将其毁掉，从而解除了女巫对女孩施的魔咒。（动词-ing短语作结果状语）
He destroyed it successfully， thus removing the magic spell put on the girl by the witch.
三、恰当衔接，自然过渡
6.用恰当的并列连词合并句1和句2。
The young man didn’t hesitate to put the ring on his finger， but surprisingly he discovered that he disappeared， invisible to other people.
7.用恰当的并列连词合并句4和句5。
With the help of the ring， he found the magical stick in a golden box， and destroyed it successfully， thus removing the magic spell put on the girl by the witch.
四、认真誊写，赏心悦目
Once upon a time， a young man was walking through a wood when he saw a shining ring lying on the ground.He just stood， wondering and then the ring said，“Young man，a kind girl is trapped by a witch in the castle ahead.If you are brave enough to rescue her， you will gain happiness.Put on me and I will help you.”
参考范文：
Once upon a time， a young man was walking through a wood when he saw a shining ring lying on the ground.He just stood， wondering and then the ring said，“Young man， a kind girl is trapped by a witch in the castle ahead.If you are brave enough to rescue her， you will gain happiness.Put on me and I will help you.”
The young man didn’t hesitate to put the ring on his finger， but surprisingly he discovered that he disappeared， invisible to other people.Then he entered the castle unnoticed/without being noticed.He learned that the girl couldn’t move forever unless someone destroyed the witch’s magical stick.With the help of the ring， he found the magical stick in a golden box， and destroyed it successfully， thus removing the magic spell put on the girl by the witch.
The young man， together with the girl， defeated the witch， and they lived a happy life together ever after.
核心词汇集释
superior adj.更好的；占优势的；（在级别或重要性上）更高的
【教材原句】 In sci-fi stories， robots often become superior and take over.
在科幻小说中，机器人经常（比人类）更胜一筹，（在各方面）占上风。
【用法】
be superior to 比……更好；更胜一筹 be junior to sb 比某人年龄小/职位低 be senior to sb 比某人年长/职位高 be inferior to sb/sth 比……差/级别低
【佳句】 Recycled bags are superior to plastic bags in environmental protection.
回收袋在环保方面优于塑料袋。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①As is shown in the report， only one salesman is senior to me in the company.
【写美】 同义句转换
②Your computer is much better than mine in every aspect.
→Your computer is far superior to mine in every aspect.
take over 占上风；取而代之；接管；接手
【用法】
take off 起飞；匆匆离去；脱下；大获成功 take on 呈现；雇用；承担 take in 包括；吸收；理解；欺骗；收留 take up 占据；开始从事 take after 与某人相似 take away 带走；拿走；夺走 take down 记录，记下；拆卸；放下
【佳句】 My parents urge me to be patient and never let negative thoughts take over. （读后续写之主旨升华）
我的父母敦促我要有耐心，永远不要让消极的想法占据上风。
【练透】 单句语法填空
① We should take up some hobbies， which will widen our horizons and add pleasure to our daily lives.
②After taking over the firm from his father，Tom took in some scientific ideas and took on some experienced workers，which suggested that his firm would take off soon.
【写美】 完成句子
③I took down everything he mentioned and poured more effort to the project.
我记下他提到的事项，更加投入课题中。
conflict with 与……冲突或抵触
【教材原句】 A ROBOT MUST OBEY THE ORDERS GIVEN IT BY HUMAN BEINGS EXCEPT WHERE SUCH ORDERS WOULD CONFLICT WITH THE FIRST LAW.
机器人必须服从人类的命令，除非这些命令与第一定律相抵触。
【用法】
conflict n. 矛盾；冲突 vt. 冲突；抵触 in conflict with 与……有冲突 come into conflict with 与……产生冲突
【佳句】 ①First， it is important to know even best friends may have a conflict， so don’t feel upset about it. （建议信）
首先，重要的是要知道即使是最好的朋友也可能有冲突，所以不要为此感到不安。
②To our surprise， new evidence conflicts with previous findings.
＝To our surprise， new evidence and previous findings conflict.
令我们吃惊的是，新的证据与以前的发现相矛盾。
【写美】 完成下面语段
Learning that you have conflicted with your deskmate，I am writing to offer you some tips. Firstly，it is usual that students come into conflict with others over some small things. Besides，when you are in conflict with others，you had better keep calm. All in all，only if you put yourself in others’ shoes will you solve these conflicts without difficulty. （建议信）
得知你和你同桌发生冲突，我写信给你一些建议。首先，学生因为一些小事与其他人产生冲突是正常的。其次，当你与他人有冲突时，你最好保持冷静。总之，只有你设身处地为他人着想，你才会轻松地解决这些冲突。
turn out 关掉；熄灭；在场；使朝外；结果是
【教材原句】 Night came as if a lamp was being turned out， and in another moment came the day.
夜幕降临了，仿佛一盏灯正在熄灭，转眼间，白昼就来临了。
【用法】
turn up 调高（音量等）；出现 turn down 调低（音量等）；拒绝 turn in 上交；交还，退还 turn on 打开（水、煤气、电灯等） turn off 关闭（水、煤气、电灯等） turn to 向……求助；致力于；翻到（书的某页）；查阅；转向
【佳句】 ①Even the students who used to dislike English have turned out to be interested in the subject.
即使那些过去不喜欢英语的学生现在也变得对这门功课感兴趣了。
②He asked Jane to marry him， but she turned him down.
＝He asked Jane to marry him， but she turned down his proposal.
他请求简嫁给他，但她拒绝了。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①Some famous Chinese artists will turn up and perform at the exhibition.
②The hall was full， and hundreds of fans had to be turned down .
③The moment the bell rang， all the students turned in their papers immediately.
【写美】 完成句子
④I often turn to my classmates or teachers for help.As a result， I have made steady progress in my studies.
我经常向同学或老师求助，因此我在学习上不断取得进步。
⑤We arranged to meet at the cinema at 7：30， but he failed to turn up/he didn’t turn up ， which made me disappointed.
我们约定7点30分在电影院见面，但他没有出现，这让我很失望。
fall away （逐渐）减少；消失
【教材原句】 As my pace grew faster， the walls of the laboratory fell away， and I was left in the open air.
我的速度越来越快，实验室的墙壁也随之坍塌，我置身野外。
【用法】
fall over 倒下；摔倒；被……绊倒 fall down 跌倒 fall off 从……摔下（其后直接跟宾语） fall behind 落后；落在……后面 fall in love with （sb/sp） 爱上（某人/某地）
【佳句】 ①In a crisis， old prejudices fall away and everyone works together.
在危急关头，大家都能摒弃前嫌，同心协力。
②The toddler tried to walk but kept falling down.那小孩学着走路但老是跌跤。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①When some fell behind ， others would come and offer help.
②His supporters fell away as his popularity declined.
【写美】 完成句子
③Many foreign tourists fall in love with China the first time they pay a visit to this great country.
很多外国游客在第一次访问中国这个伟大的国家时，就爱上了它。
urge n.强烈的欲望；冲动 vt.催促；力劝；大力推荐
【教材原句】 I had a strong urge to look at the random things that were being flashed before my eyes！
我有一种强烈的欲望，想看看眼前那些随机闪现的东西！
【用法】
（1）have/feel an urge to do sth 有强烈的欲望做某事 （2）urge sb to do sth 催促某人做某事 urge that ...（should） do sth 极力主张/强调……做某事 （3）urgent adj. 紧急的；迫切的
【佳句】 I feel an urge to express my different voices， hoping that this wouldn’t offend you. （2023·新课标Ⅰ卷）
我有一种冲动想表达我不同的声音，希望这不会冒犯到你。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①The student has an urge to study （study） harder and get good grades.
②I make an urgent （urge） appeal that measures should be taken to cope with the situation.
③Parents urge their children to take （take） advantage of the opportunity.
【写美】 句型转换
④ Parents urge that their children （should） take advantage of the opportunity. （把句③转换成复合句）
重点句型解构
句型公式：强调句
【教材原句】 It was at ten o’clock today that the first of all Time Machines began its career.
上午十点，所有时间机器中的第一台启动了其运转之旅。
【用法】
（1）强调句的基本结构：It is/was＋被强调部分＋that/who＋句子其他部分。 （2）强调句的一般疑问句：Is/Was it ＋被强调部分＋that/who＋句子其他部分？ （3）强调句的特殊疑问句：疑问词＋is/was＋it＋that＋句子其他部分？ （4）not ...until ...结构的强调句：It is/was not until ＋被强调部分＋ that ＋句子其他部分。
【品悟】 It is with your generous help that I firmly believe that I will adapt to the college life as soon as possible.
正是有你慷慨的帮助，我坚信我会很快适应大学生活。
【写美】 完成句子
① It was not until a doctor came into the room that I realised that I was in the hospital.
直到一名医生走进房间，我才意识到自己在医院里。
② It was at that moment that a warm surge of streams washed through my body.
就在那一刻，一股暖流涌进了我的身体。
③The mother exploded with anger，saying，“ What was it that caused you to conflict with your colleague？”
妈妈大发雷霆道：“到底是什么使你与你的同事发生冲突的？”
句型公式：as if引导方式状语从句
【教材原句】 Night came as if a lamp was being turned out， and in another moment came the day.
夜幕降临了，仿佛一盏灯正在熄灭，转眼间，白昼就来临了。
【用法】
as if/though
【品悟】 The boy just sat there， looking around， as if he were waiting for something.
小男孩就坐在那里，环顾四周，好像正在等待什么。
【写美】 完成句子
①As can be seen from the picture， a boy is burdened with such heavy homework that it seems as if he can hardly bear it any more .
正如图画中所看到的一样，一个男孩肩负着如此沉重的作业以至于他看上去好像再也承受不住了。
②The musician closed his eyes， as if he had been transported to another world .
音乐家闭上眼睛，仿佛被送到了另一个世界。
情感描写之“感激与感动”
名词/动词 gratitude， appreciation， thank， move， touch， appreciate
形容词/副词 thankful， thankfully， grateful， gratefully， moved， touched
短语 ①have a deep gratitude towards 对……深怀感激 ②with gratitude/appreciation感激地 ③owe sb a lot/a great deal非常感激某人 ④be deeply moved/touched by ... 被……深深感动
流泪 ①shed tears of gratitude流下感激的泪水 ②be moved to tears感动得落泪 ③with a lump in one’s throat哽咽着
第一步：完成句子雏形现
1.彼得差点撞上一辆路过的汽车，那时一位过路人把他推到了安全的地方。
Peter was nearly knocking into a passing car when a passer-by pushed him to the safe place. （be doing ...when ...）
2.感激的泪水顺着彼得的脸颊流下，他感激地说：“今天你救了我。我对你感激不尽。”
→ Tears of gratitude rolled down his cheeks.Peter said thankfully，“You’ve saved me today.I couldn’t thank you enough.” （简单句）
→ With tears of gratitude rolling down his cheeks， Peter said thankfully，“You’ve saved me today.I couldn’t thank you enough.” （with复合结构）
3.看到陌生人之间这般彼此关照，实在令人感动。
It was very moving to see how much strangers could care for each other. （it作形式主语）
4.当这位过路人接过一个小男孩的鲜花时，他感激地笑起来。
The passer-by smiled with gratitude as he accepted the flowers given by a small boy.（介词短语）
5.人群被深深地感动了，更大声地拍手。
Touched/Moved deeply ， the crowd clapped their hands even more loudly.（非谓语动词作状语）
6.了解事情的经过后，彼得的母亲流下了喜悦和感激的泪水。
Knowing what had happened， Peter’s mother shed tears of joy and gratitude .（简单句）
第二步：过渡衔接连成篇
Peter was nearly knocking into a passing car when a passer-by pushed him to the safe place.With tears of gratitude rolling down his cheeks， Peter said thankfully，“You’ve saved me today.I couldn’t thank you enough.” It was very moving to see how much strangers could care for each other.The passer-by smiled with gratitude as he accepted the flowers given by a small boy.Touched/Moved deeply， the crowd clapped their hands even more loudly.Later， knowing what had happened， Peter’s mother shed tears of joy and gratitude.
维度一：品句填词
1.It is difficult to keep up with the rapid pace （步伐） of change.
2.She obtained maximum （最大限度的） benefit from the course.
3.In that emergency， the frightened wife gripped （抓紧） her husband’s arm.
4.When the boiler exploded （爆炸）， many people were injured.
5.It is universally acknowledged that girls are superior to boys in learning foreign languages.
6.I got up， went to fetch the book from my bedroom and handed it to him.
维度二：单句语法填空
1.After 50 years of division （divide）， the country has a strong urge for reunification.
2.There are weekly （week） after-class activities to learn Chinese calligraphy and watercolour painting.
3.It is under your professional guidance that we have made such rapid progress in English.
4.I slipped on the muddy （mud） road unexpectedly， making my ankle slightly sprained.
5.From my perspective， Chinese medicine is superior to Western medicine in a sense.
6.They were randomly （random） divided into four groups and exposed to various noise levels in the background.
维度三：固定搭配和句式
1. It was when I got back to fetch my handkerchief that I first came across my new neighbours.
正是当我回来拿手帕时，我第一次遇见了我的新邻居们。
2.She stood at the gate as if （she was） waiting for someone .
她站在门口，好像正在等人。
3. After balancing the pros and cons ， I conclude that it’s never a good idea to allow students to bring mobile phones to school.
权衡利弊之后，我得出结论：让学生带手机入校绝不是一个好主意。
4.He urged that we （should） take immediate action/take action immediately .
他催促我们立即采取行动。
5.The two reports conflict with/come into conflict with each other ， so I don’t know which to believe.
这两则报道相冲突，所以我不知道该相信哪一个。
维度四：课文语法填空
1. Having checked （check） the Time Machine for the last time， I would begin my first time travelling. I sat 2. myself （I） in the leather seat and 3. pushed （push） the starting lever forwards an inch and backwards again， but 4. it seemed that nothing happened. So I gripped the lever and pushed it forwards and then I knew I was on the time travel for my niece entered the lab 5. to fetch （fetch） something without 6. seeing （see） me. Night came as if a lamp was being turned out. It’s hard 7. to explain （explain） my strange and unpleasant feeling because I was being pushed through time at hundreds of years a minute. As my pace grew 8. faster （fast）， the walls of the laboratory fell away and I was in the open air. I saw huge buildings rise 9. up then disappear like in a dream. When I stopped the machine and had an urge to look at the random things， I 10. was thrown （throw） through the air and sat in the rain in some mud.
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
（2024·徐州高二下期末）It was love at first sight when I picked up Robbie from Freedom Guide Dogs in Cassville， New York.Robbie was not mine to keep.I would be fostering him for about a year and a half and then he would become a guide dog for a blind person.I called him my “puppy with a purpose”.It was my responsibility to provide basic training and socialization opportunities.
Fostering a guide dog puppy sounded like a great thing to do， so important and fun.So I worked hard on the project while falling more in love with Robbie every day.In his cute red “Puppy in Training” vest， we had access to all public places.I walked proudly into the likes of supermarkets， museums， libraries， office buildings， restaurants， and even Boston Logan International Airport — where at six months Robbie lay calmly at my feet as we waited in a crowded， noisy line to board an airplane.
Robbie also came to work with me at the nursing home where I was the activity director.The seniors there were comforted by Robbie’s presence.They stroked （轻抚） his head while telling stories about their own dogs from years past； Robbie sat patiently and listened.He was a “cure” for the staff as well.“Can I borrow Robbie for a few minutes？” was a frequent request from someone having a stressful day.
These only added to my ongoing hope that Robbie would never leave.I just couldn’t face the future of losing him.Robbie was a year and a half when I got the e-mail “It’s time to bring Robbie back.” One of the hardest things I have ever had to do was to devolve Robbie.But it was small comfort that he would soon be with someone who really needed him and make a difference in someone’s life.Months later， I got a picture of Robbie leading Frank through the streets of Manhattan.This puppy was now officially a working city guide dog.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者训练小狗Robbie成为导盲犬，并对Robbie产生了深厚感情的故事。
1.Why did the author bring Robbie to various public places？（ ）
A.To get him socialized. B.To foster him with fun.
C.To familiarize him with her life. D.To show deep affection for him.
解析：A 细节理解题。根据第一段中的It was my responsibility to provide basic training and socialization opportunities.可知，作者带Robbie去各种各样的公共场所正是训练所需，为了让它适应社会。
2.What can we learn about Robbie？（ ）
A.He was the seniors’ favourite.
B.He can help people to be relaxed.
C.He once worked at the nursing home.
D.He always keeps the author company.
解析：B 推理判断题。根据第三段可知，对那些度过了充满压力的一天的工作人员来说，Robbie的陪伴能帮助他们缓解压力。
3.What does the underlined word “devolve” in the last paragraph probably mean？（ ）
A.Turn over. B.Take in.
C.Pick up. D.Push aside.
解析：A 词义猜测题。根据画线词上文可知，作者对 Robbie产生了很深的感情，不愿让它离开自己。但是在Robbie一岁半的时候，作者收到了将Robbie送回的邮件，这对作者来说是很难的。由此可推知，画线词的意思应是“移交”，turn over的含义与之相近。
4.Which can be the best title for the text？（ ）
A.A Hard Project
B.A Higher Purpose
C.An Unexpected Connection
D.An Unforgettable Separation
解析：B 标题归纳题。根据首尾段可知，作者从一开始就知道 Robbie是一只“身负使命”的小狗，虽然分别时刻到来时，作者十分不想和Robbie分开，但是想到Robbie终将奔赴更高的目标——作为导盲犬陪伴在真正需要它的人身边，发挥更重要的作用，作者也感到安慰。因此B项（更高的目标）为本文最佳标题。
B
（2024·山东六校高二下联考）There are a number of approaches to mastering the art of deep work — be it focusing on a specific task， developing a daily ritual， or taking a “journalistic” approach to seizing moments of deep work when you can throughout the day. Whichever approach， the key is to determine your length of focus time and stick to it.
One approach to getting more done in less time is to rethink how you prioritise your day — in particular how we craft our to-do lists. Tim Harford， a famous writer， points to a study in the early 1980s that divided undergraduates into two groups： some were advised to set out monthly goals and study activities； others were told to plan activities and goals in much more detail， day by day.
While the researchers assumed that the daily plans would be most effective， they were wrong： the detailed daily plans discouraged students. Harford argues that distractions （干扰） often make the daily to-do list ineffective， while leaving room for flexibility in such a list can achieve the best results.
In order to make the most of our focus and energy， we also need to accept downtime， or as Newport suggests，“be lazy.” “Being free is as important to the brain as vitamin D is to the body，” he argues.
Srini Pillay， an assistant professor at Harvard Medical School， believes this link between downtime and productivity may be due to the way our brains operate. When our brains jump between being focused and unfocused on a task， they tend to be more efficient.
This is something used by some of the world’s highest achievers. Warren Buffett is known for having days in his calendar where nothing is scheduled because he finds sitting and thinking has a much higher priority than filling every minute of his day. It is an approach that Bill Gates has borrowed from the billionaire investor.
The key to being productive might be found by accepting the slumps in our day — those moments when your productivity begins to lose gradually， usually in the midmorning， directly after lunch or midafternoon.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。我们怎样才能提高工作效率呢？文章结合一项研究和专家观点告诉我们一些有关工作效率的真相。
5.What’s the most important to deep work？（ ）
A.Being efficient.
B.Staying focused.
C.Prioritising your day.
D.Making a scientific plan.
解析：B 细节理解题。根据第一段可知，深度工作的关键在于投入和专注。
6.What can we learn from the study in the early 1980s？（ ）
A.Short-term goals are more effective.
B.Long-term goals are harder to reach.
C.The detailed plans do not work so well.
D.The monthly plans are usually beyond reach.
解析：C 细节理解题。根据第三段可知，该研究发现，详尽的短期计划并不可行，相对较为灵活的长期计划往往执行效果更好。
7.What does the example of Warren Buffett suggest？（ ）
A.We need time to relax ourselves.
B.We should focus on what we do.
C.We must spend some time sitting.
D.We should work harder than them.
解析：A 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段可知，巴菲特和比尔·盖茨都会安排一些时间什么都不做，只是静坐和思考。
8.What does the underlined word “slumps” in the last paragraph mean？（ ）
A.Periods when we feel relaxed.
B.Periods when we are very busy.
C.Periods when we’re in high spirits.
D.Periods when we don’t perform well.
解析：D 词义猜测题。根据下文可知，在我们表现不好的时期，我们的工作效率会慢慢降低。
Ⅱ.完形填空
（2024·重庆高二下月考）This Father’s Day certainly seems different to me.My 9 as a father during the pandemic has taught me something new and special about fatherhood.
I’m a photographer and have to travel frequently. 10 ， living in isolation brought me closer to my son Diego.We 11 every corner of the house together：reading on the sofa， watching movies in the bedroom and grilling on the roof.Now 12 always yelling “Mommy， Mommy” my son screams，“Daddy！” That makes me 13 .I’m so thankful for this unexpected gift of a deeper 14 with my son.
On our first day of freedom after two months of isolation， I discovered Diego had lost his familiarity with 15 .While visiting a park in the city， I noticed that he was even 16 of ants.So my wife and I arranged a trip to the 17 .My father joined us and， for a couple of days， three 18 — my father， my son and I — found ourselves walking in the woods.
The pandemic allowed me to take the time to 19 on what it means to be a father， with the honor and duty to 20 my parents’ teachings to my son.Of course， I really 21 the time I spent working in the field.But I’ve 22 a lot of time with my family， especially with my 23 .I used to think that without photography， I was nothing.Now I see that， without love， I am less than nothing.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。作者是一位摄影师，不得不经常到处出差。流行病期间的隔离使他和儿子在一起的时间增多了，虽然工作受到一些影响，但是这段经历让作者学到一些新的且特殊的东西。
9.A.knowledge B.promise
C.experience D.performance
解析：C 根据首句This Father’s Day certainly seems different to me.以及下文讲述的和儿子在一起的故事可知，此处讲述的是作者作为父亲的经历和体验。
10.A.Gradually B.Hopefully
C.Strangely D.Luckily
解析：D 根据空后的living in isolation brought me closer to my son Diego可以看出作者的情感态度，他认为这是一件幸运的事情。
11.A.enjoyed B.cleared
C.searched D.decorated
解析：A 根据下文的reading on the sofa， watching movies in the bedroom and grilling on the roof可知，作者和儿子非常喜欢且享受做这些事情。
12.A.due to B.regardless of
C.along with D.instead of
解析：D 根据语境可知，此处表示现在儿子不再总是喊妈妈了，他开始叫爸爸了。
13.A.confused B.delighted
C.embarrassed D.surprised
解析：B 根据空后一句可知，作者的情感态度非常积极，由此推断这件事使作者非常高兴。
14.A.communication B.relationship
C.cooperation D.satisfaction
解析：B 根据上文的always yelling “Mommy， Mommy” my son screams，“Daddy！”可推知，现在作者和儿子的关系与以前相比更深了。
15.A.people B.society
C.nature D.art
解析：C 根据第三段前两句可知，由于流行病期间隔离了两个月，作者的儿子与大自然的关系疏远了，甚至开始害怕蚂蚁。
16.A.afraid B.fond
C.aware D.ashamed
解析：A 参见上题解析。
17.A.beach B.museum
C.streets D.mountains
解析：D 根据空前一句可知，作者的儿子甚至害怕蚂蚁了，由此可以推知，为了让儿子恢复与大自然的关系，作者和妻子决定带儿子到大山去。下文中的walking in the woods也是提示。
18.A.branches B.generations
C.categories D.divisions
解析：B 根据空后的my father， my son and I可知，祖孙三代一起去树林散步。
19.A.reflect B.impress
C.count D.comment
解析：A 根据段落首句可知，流行病期间让作者有更多的时间反思作为一名父亲意味着什么，且要带着荣誉感和责任感将自己从父母那里学到的东西传递给自己的儿子。
20.A.bring up B.show off
C.pass on D.write down
解析：C 参见上题解析。
21.A.imagine B.forget
C.regret D.miss
解析：D 根据第二段前两句可推知，作者错过了很多在野外度过的时间。
22.A.gained B.spared
C.wasted D.saved
解析：A 根据语境可知，由于流行病期间的隔离，作者得到了更多的时间陪家人，尤其是陪儿子。
23.A.wife B.son
C.father D.mother
解析：B 通读全文内容可知，本文主要是说作者和儿子之间的关系。
Ⅲ.应用文写作
最近，在我国一些城市出现无人驾驶出租车，引起人们的广泛关注和讨论。请你就此话题给你校英文报Hot Topic栏目写一篇短文投稿，内容包括：
1.你是否支持无人驾驶出租车上路运行；
2.说明你的理由。
注意：1.写作词数应为80左右；
2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
参考范文：
Recently driverless taxis have hit the road in some cities in China， which sparked heated discussions among netizens.
From my point of view， I’m in favour of driverless taxis. First of all， driverless taxis are pared with human drivers， driverless taxis will never feel tired or make any simple mistakes. Secondly， driverless taxis are cheaper. It is reported that they only charge half of the price the normal taxis charge. Finally， even though some drivers will be out of work， in the long run， humans will be liberated from boring mechanical work to enjoy life.
In a word， we should embrace new technology instead of refuse it. Our life will become better and better because of advancements in science and technology.
Ⅳ.读后续写
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
July 1971， I am taking a summer class in literature on the campus of SUNY Oneonta in upstate New York.Professor James walks into the classroom and announces that he has invited a special guest to class， but his guest has been delayed.
“Who’s coming？” someone asks.
“Alex Haley， who is the author of one of the books you have read for this class，” he says.“I need a volunteer to meet him in the lobby of the administration building and escort （护送） him here.”
To my amazement， my right hand shoots up as though it has a mind of its own.What am I doing？ I think.I never volunteer for anything.
“Thank you， David，” Professor James says.“You’d better leave now.He’ll be arriving any minute.”
As I walk across campus， my anxiety grows as the massive administration building appears ahead.I fear that I am about to embarrass myself in front of this famous gentleman by asking stupid questions.I reach the front steps and climb them slowly.
As I pull open the heavy glass door， I realise why I instinctively raised my hand to volunteer for this job.This man is what I want to be： a writer.He is living my dream.I can learn from him.
I pace back and forth across the polished lobby floor until a black man with a briefcase enters the building.He stops and scans the lobby.His gaze falls on me.
“Mr Haley？” I say.
“Yes，” he says.
“I’m from Professor James’s class.Welcome.”
“Thank you，” he says.He extends his hand， and we shake.
As we begin our walk across campus， I am struck by how approachable this man is.My fear is replaced by curiosity and purpose.
“Do you mind if I ask you a question？” I say.“No.Not at all，” he says.
“I’d like to become a writer， but I don’t know if I have the talent，” I say.“How did you discover that you had a gift for writing？”
注意：1.续写词数应为150左右；
2.请按如下格式作答。
Mr Haley laughs and says，“I didn’t.And I don’t.”
After my conversation with Alex Haley， I no longer care about whether I have the “gift” to become a writer.
参考范文：
Mr Haley laughs and says，“I didn’t.And I don’t.” He stops and looks me in the eye as though he is no longer in a hurry to get to class， and I’m the only person who matters.“Writing is a craft，” he says.“I learned to write through practice and sheer persistence.” He explains that when he was at high school， he wrote every day.As his writing skills improved， he eventually became a journalist.“If you want to become a writer，” he says，“don’t worry about whether you have some magical gift.Put in the work.Write every day， and don’t give up until you succeed.”
After my conversation with Alex Haley， I no longer care about whether I have the “gift” to become a writer.Instead， I start writing every day， just like Alex Haley in his high school.In the end， all my hard work pays off.Within two years， I publish three stories in national children’s magazines.I have been writing and publishing ever since.Had I not volunteered to meet this extraordinary man， I never would have received the benefit of his wise advice and the rewards that followed.
23 / 23Section Ⅰ Reading and Thinking
SATISFACTION① GUARANTEED （Adapted）
[1]Larry Belmont worked for a company that made robots.Recently it had begun experimenting with a household② robot.It was going to be tested out ③by Larry’s wife， Claire.
[2]Claire didn’t want the robot in her house， especially as her husband would be away on a business trip④ for three weeks， but Larry persuaded her that the robot wouldn’t harm her or allow her to be harmed.It would be a bonus⑤.However， when she first saw the robot， she felt alarmed⑥.His name was Tony.He seemed more like⑦ a human than a machine.He was tall and handsome with smooth hair and a deep voice， [3]although his facial expression never changed.
[1]that引导定语从句，修饰先行词a company。
[2]as引导时间状语从句。
[3]although引导让步状语从句。
On the second morning，Tony brought her breakfast and then asked her whether she needed help dressing.She felt embarrassed⑧ and quickly told him to go.[4]Now she was being looked after by a robot that looked so human， and it was disturbing⑨.
One day， Claire mentioned that she didn’t think she was clever.Tony said that she must feel very unhappy to say that.Claire thought it was ridiculous⑩ that she was being offered sympathy by a robot， but she gradually admired his wisdom and integrity and began to trust him. He always treated her with dignity . [5]She told him how she was unhappy that her home wasn’t elegant enough for Larry， who wanted to improve his social position with a bigger salary . She wasn’t like Gladys Claffern， one of the richest and most powerful women around.
As a favour ， Tony promised to help Claire make herself more beautiful and her home more elegant.So Claire borrowed some library books for him to read， or rather ， scan .[6]She looked at his fingers with wonder as they turned each page.How absurd ， she thought.He was just a machine.
[4]此句为过去进行时的被动语态，that引导定语从句，修饰先行词a robot。
[5]how引导宾语从句，作told的直接宾语；who引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词Larry。
[6]as引导时间状语从句，表示“当……的时候”。
Tony gave Claire a new hairstyle and improved her makeup .As he was not allowed to accompany her to the shops， he wrote out a list of things that he would need for his work on the house.Claire went downtown and bought these things.She had an appointment to paint her nails ， then she went into an expensive clothes shop.The saleswoman there was rude to her， so she rang Tony and told him she was being treated badly.He spoke to the woman，who immediately changed her attitude.Claire thanked Tony， [7]telling him that he was a “dear”.[8]As she turned around ， there stood Gladys Claffern.How awful to be discovered by her， Claire thought.By the look on her face， Claire knew that Gladys thought they were in a relationship .After all， she knew Claire’s husband’s name was Larry， not Tony.Although it was completely innocent ， Claire felt guilty .
[7]动词-ing短语作伴随状语。
[8]there stood Gladys Claffern是完全倒装句。
When Claire got home， she wept.[9]Gladys was everything Claire wished to be.[10]Tony told her she was being sensitive and was just as good as Gladys.[11]He suggested that she invite Gladys and her friends to the house the night before he was to leave and Larry was to return.By that time， Tony expected that the house， which was being completely transformed ， would be ready.
[9]Claire wished to be是省略了关系代词that的定语从句，修饰先行词everything。
[10]was being sensitive 属于“be＋being＋形容词”结构，常用来表达被陈述对象行为反常（暂时的特点或表现）以及说话人的惊讶、不满、责备等情绪。
[11]that引导宾语从句，作suggested的宾语，从句用虚拟语气。
Tony worked steadily on the improvements.[12] Claire tried to help by working on a light suspended from the ceiling， but she fell off the ladder.[13]Even though Tony had been in the next room， he managed to catch her in time.[14]As he held her， she felt the warmth of his body. She screamed， pushed him away， and ran to her room.
The night of the party arrived.The clock struck eight.The guests would be arriving soon， so Claire dismissed Tony for the rest of the night.At that moment， Tony took her in his arms， bringing his face close to hers. She heard him declare that he did not want to leave her the next day， and that he felt more than just the desire to please her.Then the front door bell rang.
[12]过去分词短语suspended from the ceiling作后置定语，修饰a light。
[13]Even though引导让步状语从句。
[14]As引导时间状语从句。
【读文清障】
①satisfaction n.满意；满足；令人满意的事物
②household adj.家庭的；家用的
n.一家人；家庭
③test out 检验；测试
④on a business trip 出差
⑤bonus n.意外收获；奖金；红利
⑥alarmed adj.担心的；害怕的
alarm vt.使惊恐；使害怕；使担心
n.警报；惊恐
⑦more like更像是；更接近
⑧embarrassed adj.难堪的；尴尬的
embarrassing adj.让人难堪（尴尬、害羞）的
⑨disturbing adj.引起烦恼的；令人不安的
disturb vt.打扰；搅乱；使烦恼
⑩ridiculous adj.愚蠢的；荒谬的；荒唐的
sympathy n.同情；理解；支持；赞同
offer sb sympathy向某人表示同情
integrity n.诚实正直；完整；完好
dignity n.庄重；庄严；尊严
elegant adj.优雅的；高雅的；讲究的
salary n.薪水；薪金
favour n.帮助；赞同；恩惠
vt.较喜欢；选择；有利于
as a favour 作为恩惠
or rather更确切地说
scan vt.细看；仔细检查；粗略地读；浏览；扫描
with wonder惊奇地
absurd adj.荒谬的；荒唐的
hairstyle n.发型；发式
makeup n.化妆品；妆容
accompany vt.陪伴；陪同；伴随；为……伴奏
appointment n.预约；约会；委任
nail n.指甲；趾甲；钉子
vt.（用钉子）钉牢；固定
saleswoman n.女售货员；女推销员
be rude to对……粗鲁的
turn around转身；翻转
awful adj.很坏的；极讨厌的；可怕的；（口语）糟透的
in a relationship在恋爱中
innocent adj.无辜的
innocence n.天真；单纯；无罪
guilty adj.内疚的；有罪的；有过失的
sensitive adj.敏感的
transform v.转变；改变
steadily adv.稳定地
suspend vt.悬；挂；暂停；暂缓
manage to do sth设法做成某事
dismiss vt.让（某人）离开；解散；解雇；消除
declare vt.表明；宣称；公布
more than 不仅仅是，远非
【参考译文】
包你满意（改编版）
拉里·贝尔蒙特在一家机器人制造公司工作。该公司最近开始试验家用机器人。机器人将由拉里的妻子克莱尔进行试用。
克莱尔并不想家里有个机器人，尤其是在她丈夫要出差三周的时候，但是拉里劝她说机器人不会伤害她，也不会让她受到伤害。还会是个意外收获。然而，第一次看到机器人时，克莱尔还是有点惊慌。这个机器人名叫托尼，看着不太像机器，而更像一个真人。托尼高大英俊，头发顺滑，嗓音低沉，不过他的面部表情始终不变。
第二天早晨，托尼给克莱尔端来了早餐，还问她是否需要帮忙穿衣打扮。克莱尔感到非常尴尬，立刻让托尼走开。现在，她正由一个看起来这么像人类的机器人照料着，这很令人不安。
有一天，克莱尔说她觉得自己并不聪明。托尼说她肯定是感到很不开心才会这么说。克莱尔觉得一个机器人对她表示同情十分荒谬，但她逐渐欣赏托尼的智慧和正直，并且开始信任他。托尼对她彬彬有礼。克莱尔告诉托尼自己多么的不开心，因为拉里觉得家里不够雅致；拉里想通过涨工资来提高自己的社会地位。克莱尔与格拉迪丝·克拉芬不同，后者是当地最有钱有势的女性之一。
作为一项恩惠，托尼答应帮助克莱尔，把她变得更漂亮些，也把她的家变得更雅致些。于是，克莱尔从图书馆借来了一些书让托尼阅读，应该说是让他扫视。她惊奇地看着托尼的手指翻动书页的样子，心想这太荒唐了。他只不过是一台机器罢了。
托尼给克莱尔做了一个新发型，还改善了她的妆容。但是，由于托尼被禁止陪同克莱尔去商店，所以他开具了一张装修房子所需材料的清单。克莱尔去市中心购买了这些东西。她按预约去美甲后，走进了一家高档时装店。女店员对她很粗鲁，于是她打电话给托尼，告诉他说自己受到了不礼貌的对待。托尼同店员交谈之后，店员立刻改变了态度。克莱尔向托尼道谢，称托尼为“亲爱的”。当她转过身来，却看到格拉迪丝·克拉芬正站在那里。被她发现了，这多么难堪啊，克莱尔心想。从她脸上的表情判断，克莱尔知道格拉迪丝认为自己出轨了。毕竟她知道克莱尔丈夫的名字是拉里，而不是托尼。虽然完全无辜，克莱尔还是感到内疚。
到家后，克莱尔啜泣不止。格拉迪丝是她竭力模仿的对象。托尼对克莱尔说，她这样想有点敏感，其实她像格拉迪丝一样好。托尼还建议在他离开，也就是拉里回家的前一天晚上，克莱尔邀请格拉迪丝和她的朋友们到家里来。到那个时候，托尼预计这栋正在彻底改造的房子将大功告成。
托尼的装修工作稳步进展。克莱尔试图帮忙安装天花板上的吊灯，但从梯子上摔了下来。尽管托尼当时在隔壁房间，但他还是及时接住了她。托尼抱着她的时候，她感受到了他身体的热度。她尖叫了一声，一把推开他，然后跑回了自己的房间。
聚会之夜到了。时钟敲响了八点整，客人们很快就要到了，克莱尔让托尼结束了当晚的工作，说当夜不再需要他了。就在那一瞬间，托尼将她揽入怀中，慢慢地贴近她的脸庞。克莱尔听着托尼宣布说他次日并不想离开她，而且他心里的愿望不只是让她开心而已。就在这时，前门的门铃响了。
第一步：析架构理清脉络
1.Skim the passage and fill in the blanks.
Part 1（Paras.1－2）：Larry persuaded Claire to accept the （1） robot that would be tested out.
Part 2（Paras.3－8）：The （2） process of the robot helping Claire.
Part 3（Para.9）：The（3） result of Claire living with the robot.
2.What’s the main idea of this passage？
The passage is mainly about how a robot used for housework is tested out in a family .
第二步：知细节明察秋毫
1.Larry brought a robot home to .（ ）
A.make his wife happy B.test out the robot
C.send his wife a gift D.free his wife from work
2.Why didn’t Claire want the robot in her house？（ ）
A.Because she didn’t like robots at all.
B.Because she didn’t like the robot’s appearance.
C.Because she was worried about being harmed by the robot.
D.Because the robot looked like a real person.
3.What made Claire feel alarmed at the first sight of Tony？（ ）
A.His appearance. B.His ability.
C.His facial expressions. D.His cleverness.
4.Which of the following is NOT Tony’s characteristic？（ ）
A.Clumsy. B.Handsome.
C.Helpful. D.Smart.
答案：1－4 BCAA
第三步：品佳句妙笔生辉
1.Read the passage carefully and find the sentences describing the appearance.
（1）He seemed more like a human than a machine.
（2）He was tall and handsome with smooth hair and a deep voice， although his facial expression never changed.
2.Read the passage carefully and find the sentences describing feelings or psychology.
（1）Claire didn’t want the robot in her house， especially as her husband would be away on a business trip ...
（2）Claire thought it was ridiculous that she was being offered sympathy by a robot ...
（3）How awful to be discovered by her， Claire thought.
3.Read the passage carefully and find the sentences describing movements.
（1）She looked at his fingers with wonder as they turned each page.
（2）As he held her， she felt the warmth of his body.She screamed， pushed him away，and ran to her room.
（3）At that moment， Tony took her in his arms， bringing his face close to hers.
第四步：抒己见提升思维
1.Do you think it is possible for a person to love a robot？ Why？
No，I don’t think that a person would love a robot.Because a robot is just a machine that has no emotions and facial expressions.
2.What do you think of the future relationship between humans and robots？
It seems to me that we humans will live in harmony with robots. Robots will always be our servants and make our lives better.
第五步：辨难句拆分解读
1.Claire didn’t want the robot in her house， especially as her husband would be away on a business trip for three weeks， but Larry persuaded her that the robot wouldn’t harm her or allow her to be harmed.
句式分析 该句为并列复合句。but连接前后两个并列分句；as her husband would be away on a business trip for three weeks是 时间状语 从句；that引导的是 宾语 从句。
自主翻译 克莱尔并不想家里有个机器人，尤其是在她丈夫要出差三周的时候，但是拉里劝她说机器人不会伤害她，也不会让她受到伤害。
2.Claire thought it was ridiculous that she was being offered sympathy by a robot，but she gradually admired his wisdom and integrity and began to trust him.
句式分析 该句为并列复合句。but连接表示 转折 关系的并列分句；but前是一个由that引导的 宾语 从句，主句为 Claire thought 。
自主翻译 克莱尔觉得一个机器人对她表示同情十分荒谬，但她逐渐欣赏托尼的智慧和正直，并且开始信任他。
3.She told him how she was unhappy that her home wasn’t elegant enough for Larry，who wanted to improve his social position with a bigger salary.
句式分析 该句为复合句。She told him是 主句 ；how引导的是 宾语 从句，that也引导宾语从句；who引导非限制性定语从句，修饰前面的名词 Larry 。
自主翻译 克莱尔告诉托尼自己多么的不开心，因为拉里觉得家里不够雅致；拉里想通过涨工资来提高自己的社会地位。
核心词汇集释
test out 检验；测试；考验
【教材原句】 It was going to be tested out by Larry’s wife， Claire. 机器人将由拉里的妻子克莱尔进行试用。
【用法】
（1）test n.& v. 测验；试验；测试 stand the test of time 经得起时间的考验 put sb/sth to the test 对某人/某物进行试验 test sb on sth 在某方面测试某人 （2）try out 试验；试用；尝试 carry out 贯彻；执行；实施 work out 计算出；解决；锻炼 wear out 穿破；耗尽；使厌烦
【佳句】 Brian won because he tried out many solutions. He did this by testing out many different designs and comparing the results.
布莱恩赢了，因为他尝试了很多解决方案。他通过测试许多不同的设计并比较结果来做到这一点。
【练透】 语境辨义
①He wished to test out the item before selling it. 试验
②The long climb tested out our power of endurance. 考验
【写美】 完成句子
③You won’t be tested on anything that you haven’t studied yet.
不会考那些你们还没有学过的东西。
④She tested the whole class on irregular verbs.
她对全班学生进行了不规则动词的测验。
⑤Paul soon found himself in an emergency situation that put all his training to the test .
保罗很快就发现自己处于一种紧急情况下，这对他的所有训练都是一次考验。
ridiculous adj.愚蠢的；荒谬的；荒唐的
【教材原句】 Claire thought it was ridiculous that she was being offered sympathy by a robot， but she gradually admired his wisdom and integrity and began to trust him.
克莱尔觉得一个机器人对她表示同情十分荒谬，但她逐渐欣赏托尼的智慧和正直，并且开始信任他。
【用法】
（1）absolutely/totally ridiculous 极其荒唐的 It is ridiculous that ... ……是荒谬的 （2）ridiculously adv. 荒唐地；荒谬地 ridiculousness n. 荒唐；荒谬
【佳句】 ①It’s ridiculous that we have to wait for six weeks to get a visa for Italy.
我们必须等六个星期才能拿到去意大利的签证，这太荒唐了。
②The price of the car was ridiculously high， making it unaffordable for most people.
这辆车的价格高得离谱，大多数人都买不起。
【练透】 单句语法填空
① It is downright ridiculous that the library isn’t open on Mondays！
②Hotel rooms in the city are ridiculously （ridiculous） overpriced during the festival.
【写美】 完成句子
③ It’s ridiculous that some children talk back to their parents.
真是荒唐！有些小孩竟然跟父母顶嘴。
④It’s ridiculous to think that sleeping with a hat on will give you nightmares.
认为戴着帽子睡觉会让你做噩梦是荒谬的。
dignity n.庄重；庄严；尊严
【教材原句】 He always treated her with dignity.托尼对她彬彬有礼。
【用法】
with dignity 有尊严地；体面地 retain/lose one’s dignity 保持/丢掉某人的尊严
【佳句】 He longs for a society in which the dignity of all people is recognised.
他渴望一个所有人的尊严都得到承认的社会。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①As a woman of dignity， she accepted the criticism with dignity.
【写美】 完成句子
②Only when you have achieved financial independence will you have human dignity .
只有当你实现了经济独立，你才会有做人的尊严。
appointment n.预约；约会；委任
【教材原句】 She had an appointment to paint her nails， then she went into an expensive clothes shop.
她按预约去美甲后，走进了一家高档时装店。
【用法】
（1）make/have an appointment with sb 和某人有约 keep an/the/one’s appointment 赴约；守约 break an/the appointment 失约 （2）appoint v. 任命；委派；安排；约定 appoint sb （as/to be）... 任命某人（为）…… appoint sb to do sth 指派某人去做某事
【佳句】 I apologise from the bottom of my heart for breaking this appointment. （道歉信）
对于这次失约，我发自内心地道歉。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①The reason why I break the appointment （appoint） is that my parents hope I can visit my grandparents with them this weekend.
②At the appointed （appoint） time， Mr Smith will be invited to attend the contest， and award the first eight winners.
【写美】 完成句子
③ Learning that you are appointed as/to be the chairman of the organization，I am writing to congratulate you. （祝贺信）
得知你被任命为这个组织的主席，我写信祝贺你。
guilty adj.内疚的；有罪的；有过失的
【教材原句】 Although it was completely innocent， Claire felt guilty. 虽然完全无辜，克莱尔还是感到内疚。
【用法】
（1）be guilty of 犯有……罪 be/feel guilty about/for/at 对/为……感到内疚/有愧 （2）guilt n. 内疚；悔恨；犯罪；罪行 a feeling/sense of guilt 内疚感
【佳句】 The salesman was guilty about/for/at making such a stupid mistake and tears of guilt welled up in his eyes.售货员对犯如此愚蠢的错误感到内疚，眼中涌出内疚的泪水。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①She had a sense of guilt about leaving her children and going to work.
②Deeply ashamed and guilty （guilt）， Ray apologised to Richard sincerely，“Terribly sorry for having hurt you at school.” （读后续写之情绪描写）
【写美】 完成句子
③ Out of guilt ， I explained to my teacher and promised this would never happen again.
出于愧疚，我向我的老师解释，并保证这种事情不会再发生。
dismiss vt.让（某人）离开；解散；解雇；消除
【教材原句】 The guests would be arriving soon， so Claire dismissed Tony for the rest of the night.
客人们很快就要到了，克莱尔让托尼结束了当晚的工作，说当夜不再需要他了。
【用法】
dismiss/fire sb for ... 因……而解雇/开除某人 dismiss sb （one’s job） 解雇/开除某人 dismiss sb from one’s post/position 免去某人的职务
【佳句】 ①Just dismiss those thoughts from your mind — they’re crazy and not worth thinking about.
把那些想法从你的脑海中删除吧——它们太疯狂了，不值得去想。
②The manager had no choice but to dismiss the employee for consistently missing deadlines.
经理别无选择，只能解雇这个员工，因为他（工作）总是赶不上最后期限。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①The servant was dismissed for being lazy and dishonest.
②She claimed she was unfairly dismissed from her post.
【写美】 完成句子
③The coach had to dismiss the team early because the weather conditions were too dangerous to continue practicing.
教练不得不提早解散球队，因为天气太恶劣，无法继续训练。
④The teacher dismissed the class early because she had a meeting.
老师提早下课了，因为她要开会。
declare vt.表明；宣称；公布
【教材原句】 She heard him declare that he did not want to leave her the next day， and that he felt more than just the desire to please her. 她听着他宣布说他次日并不想离开她，而且他心里的愿望不只是让她开心而已。
【用法】
declare sb/sth to be 宣布某人/某事是…… declare for/against ... 赞成/反对…… declare war （on ...） （向……）宣战 declare sth open/closed 宣布……开始/结束 declare that ... 声称/宣布……
【佳句】 After considering all the pros and cons， I declared for the decision，and thus，I declared that we would organise the fruit-picking activity.
在考虑完所有利弊之后，我赞成这个决定，因此，我宣布我们将组织这次水果采摘活动。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①When they asked him for his opinion， he declared strongly against the policy， which made them unhappy.
②It was the year when Britain declared war on Germany.
③Our school declared the girl to be （be） head of our department.
【写美】 完成句子
④She declared that it was the best chocolate cake she had ever tasted.
她声称那是她吃过的最好的巧克力蛋糕。
重点句型解构
句型公式：more ...than ...与其说……不如说……
【教材原句】 He seemed more like a human than a machine.
他看着不太像机器，而更像一个真人。
【用法】
（1）more＋形容词/副词/名词＋than 与其说……，倒不如说…… （2）more than＋数词 超过，不止 more than＋名词 不只是，不仅仅是 more than＋形容词/副词 非常，很 （3）not more than＋数词 不多于；不超过；少于
【品悟】 It was at that instant that I was filled with love from my daughter and realised that she seemed more like an adult to some extent than a girl aged 10.
就在那一刻，我被来自女儿的爱所包围，我意识到在某种程度上她似乎更像一个成年人而不是一个十岁的小姑娘。
【写美】 完成句子
①I made such great progress in English that my teacher praised me， saying that I was more diligent than clever .
我在英语上取得了如此大的进步，以至于我的老师表扬了我，说我与其说是聪明，不如说是勤奋。
②The person I respect most is my English teacher，who is more than willing to help us with English studies. He is more than our teacher and he is also our close friend.
我最尊敬的人是我的英语老师，他非常乐意帮助我们学习英语。他不仅仅是我们的老师，他还是我们的亲密朋友。
句型公式：It＋be＋形容词＋that从句
【教材原句】 Claire thought it was ridiculous that she was being offered sympathy by a robot，but she gradually admired his wisdom and integrity and began to trust him.
克莱尔觉得一个机器人对她表示同情十分荒谬，但她逐渐欣赏托尼的智慧和正直，并且开始信任他。
【用法】
“It＋be＋形容词＋that从句”是固定句式，其中it是形式主语，真正的主语是that引导的从句。it作形式主语的常用句式还有： （1）It＋be＋过去分词（said、 thought、 hoped、 believed、 reported ...）＋that从句； （2）It＋不及物动词（seem、occur、happen）＋that从句。
【写美】 完成句子
① It is obvious that he has an urge to take over the company.
显然他有强烈的欲望接管这家公司。
② It occurred to the twins that they could cook a delicious Mother’s Day breakfast for their beloved mother.
双胞胎突然想起他们可以为亲爱的妈妈做一顿美味的母亲节早餐。
句型公式：完全倒装
【教材原句】 As she turned around， there stood Gladys Claffern.
当她转过身来，却看到格拉迪丝·克拉芬正站在那里。
【用法】
本句中there stood Gladys Claffern为完全倒装。使用完全倒装的几种情况如下： （1）将here、 there、 now、 then、 in、 out、 off、 away等表示地点或时间的副词或介词短语置于句首，谓语动词是be、 come、 go、 remain、 lie、 run等，且主语为名词时用完全倒装； （2）主系表结构中，作表语的形容词、分词置于句首时用完全倒装； （3）such作表语置于句首时用完全倒装。
【品悟】 With a loud sound the door slowly opened， and there stood José Manuel’s grandma wearing a frown. （读后续写之动作描写）
随着一声巨响，门慢慢地打开了，约瑟·曼纽尔的奶奶皱着眉头站在那里。
【点津】 在完全倒装中，谓语动词的数要与后面主语的数一致。完全倒装的主语必须是名词，如果主语是人称代词则不用倒装。
【写美】 完成句子
①Inside the nurses’ station， there stood a group of nurses with tears of joy in their eyes.
在护士站里，站着一群眼里满含喜悦泪水的护士。
② Here are some suggestions on how to create a green and harmonious environment.
这儿是一些关于如何创造一个绿色和谐的环境的建议。
③ Under a big tree sat disappointed David ， who unwillingly quit the cross-country run and tears of sadness streamed down his cheeks without control.
一棵大树下坐着失望的大卫，他不情愿地放弃了越野赛，悲伤的泪水顺着他的脸颊止不住地流淌。
维度一：品句填词
1.I find it ridiculous （荒唐的） that some people still believe the Earth is flat.
2.If you don’t concentrate more on your work， you’ll be dismissed （解雇）.
3.It’s difficult to preserve your dignity （尊严） when you have no job and no home.
4.They want a house， whereas/while （然而） we would rather live in a flat.
5.The book is a work of fiction and not intended as a historical account.
6.As the saying goes，“Books are the ladders of human progress.”
7.He would not accept this job for such a small salary because he had to support a big family.
维度二：单句语法填空
1.It is declared （declare） that scientists are working on a new way to cure the disease.
2.His guilty （guilt） expression confirmed my suspicions.
3.I am indeed very sorry that I missed my hairdressing appointment （appoint） with you this Wednesday.
4.Walking in the fields on a March afternoon，the saleswoman felt the warmth （warm） of spring.
5.Small earthquakes are so common here that people don’t feel very alarmed （alarm） at them.
6.The research group produced two reports based （base） on the survey， but neither contained any useful suggestions.
7.An activity will be held in honour of Qu Yuan， who was a distinguished （distinguish） poet in Chinese history.
维度三：固定搭配和句式
1. Here comes a good chance that you can use your summer vacation to go on study tours.（完全倒装）
现在有一个好机会，你可以利用暑假参加游学活动。
2.It was more her hard work than her cleverness that led to her success.（more ...than ...）
促使她成功的原因，与其说是她的聪明，倒不如说是她的勤奋。
3.This makes your notes easier to read when you look at them later.（make复合结构）
这样能使你以后再看笔记时更容易辨认些。
4.If you fail to keep the appointment with the dentist， you’ll have to pay for it.
如果你不赴牙医之约，你就得付钱。
5. It is ridiculous that they are short of water in a country where it is always raining.
在一个总是下雨的国家，他们还缺水，这真是荒唐。
维度四：课文语法填空
The company for which Larry worked was to have a newly-made robot 1. called （call） Tony， which was going to be tested out by Larry’s wife Claire at home.At the first sight of Tony， Claire felt 2. alarmed （alarm）.She thought 3. it was ridiculous that a robot should look so much like a human，4. with his smooth hair and a deep voice although his facial expression never changed.On the second morning，Tony wanted to help her to dress，which made Claire 5. embarrassed （embarrass） and she refused him.But later she was glad that Tony could make her home 6. elegant （elegance）， give her a new hairstyle and improve her makeup.To decorate her home， Tony could also write out a list of 7. items （item） for her to buy.And finally， Tony helped Claire to finish all the work.Tony suggested Claire that she 8. （should） invite （invite） Gladys and her friends to the house the night before he was 9. to leave （leave） and Larry was to return.10. What made us unbelievable was that Tony didn’t want to leave Claire in the end！
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
（2024·合肥高二下质检）Way back in the early 1940s — long before smart phones， Siri and semi-autonomous weapons — the late great sci-fi writer Isaac Asimov drew up a set of principles for the development of advanced robotic systems.
Asimov was essentially an optimist， and his famous Three Laws of Robotics have influence in science and technology circles to this day.
（1）A robot may not injure a human being or， through inaction， allow a human being to come to harm.（2）A robot must obey the orders given it by human beings except where such orders would conflict with the First Law. （3）A robot must protect its own existence as long as such protection does not conflict with the First or Second Law.
Now， almost 80 years later， legal academic and artificial intelligence expert Frank Pasquale has added four additional principles. Professor Pasquale says while Asimov’s ideas were well founded， they assumed a certain technological trajectory （轨迹） that no longer holds — innovations are not always for the good of humanity.
“Whereas Asimov is talking about how we have robots help people and not harm them， I’m talking about how we guide the direction of technology，” he says. And he draws an important distinction between AI and what he terms IA — intelligence augmentation （增强）.
“The artificial intelligence goal is often to replace human beings， to create， for example， a robot doctor or a robot teacher. The intelligence augmentation goal is to help human beings.”
“If we go for an artificial intelligence vision of replacement， that’s going to create a jobless future in many areas，” he says. “Whereas if we emphasise intelligence augmentation， that should actually increase both productivity and the value of labour.”
“We’ve seen so many fields where technological advances have led to very troubling and harmful consequences like global warming. We’ve got to get ahead of these things，” he says. “We can’t just look at something like global warming and say， well， we’ll just get a technological fix out of it. We have to think very deeply about directing innovation.”
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。20世纪40年代，美国著名科幻小说作家Isaac Asimov提出了著名的“机器人三定律”。时至今天，人工智能专家Frank Pasquale认为，要约束机器人仅仅依靠这三条定律是不够的。
1.What can we learn about Isaac Asimov’s Three Laws of Robotics？（ ）
A.They ignore robots’ interests.
B.They focus on humans’ interests.
C.They predict the development of AI.
D.They have a history of nearly 70 years.
解析：B 细节理解题。根据第三段可知，Isaac Asimov提出的“机器人三定律”重点强调保护人的安全和利益，不过它们也没有忽略机器人存在的权利。
2.Which of the following beliefs did Isaac Asimov agree with？（ ）
A.IA is more important than AI.
B.Innovations do good to people.
C.Robots will replace human beings.
D.Technology can be harmful to people.
解析：B 细节理解题。根据第四段可知，人工智能专家Frank Pasquale认为，虽然Isaac Asimov的想法有充分根据，但它们假设了某种不再成立的技术发展轨迹——（如今）创新并不总是对人类有利。这说明Isaac Asimov认为创新是对人类有利的。
3.What is the core of intelligence augmentation？（ ）
A.The development of robots.
B.Humans’ depending on robots.
C.The improvement of humans.
D.Robots’ replacing human beings.
解析：C 推理判断题。根据第五至七段可知，AI强调的是人工智能的快速发展从而取代人类，而IA强调的是：在机器的帮助下，让人变得更强大、生产效率和劳动价值都得到提高。
4.What attitude does Frank Pasquale take to technological advances？（ ）
A.Negative and worried.
B.Doubtful and confused.
C.Optimistic and confident.
D.Reasonable and cautious.
解析：D 观点态度题。根据最后一段可知，Frank Pasquale认为，技术进步已经给人类带来一些非常令人不安和有害的后果，我们必须走在技术进步的前面。也就是说我们要预见一些可能的不良后果并引导科学技术朝良性发展。由此可知，Frank Pasquale并没有反对技术进步，只是提醒我们对技术进步保持理性和谨慎的态度。
B
（2024·烟台高二下月考）The question of whether or not we are alone in the galaxy is one that has interested everyone.From Superman to ET， films have brought aliens to the Earth as friends or enemies but， as yet， no one has proved they have ever seen an alien apart from on film or TV.
In 1960， a radio telescope was pointed out into space to listen for signs of aliens， trying to add scientific fact to the question：“Is anybody out there？” But 50 years on， nobody knows the answer to it.
“It’s probably the most important question there is，” says Dr Frank Drake， who was a pioneer of radio astronomy.“What does it mean to be a human being？ What is our future？ Are there other creatures like us？ What have they become？ What can evolution produce？ How far can it go？ It will all come out of learning of aliens and this will certainly enrich our lives like nothing else could.”
“We should be prepared for aliens，” says professor of space science John Zarnecki， from the Open University.Stephen Hawking says aliens almost certainly exist and senior astronomer Seth Shostak denies the possibility that there’s nothing to search for.
But if there are aliens， then the question is：“Why haven’t we got any firm evidence of their existence？” This was a question asked by the physicist Enrico Fermi as far back as 1950， saying “Where is everybody？”
But Dr Drake has a more simple answer to why life hasn’t been found：“We just haven’t tried enough，” he says.“We’ve looked carefully at only a few thousand stars and very few channels and that’s hardly even a start.There may be around 10，000 civilisations we can discover in the galaxy.That’s one in 10，000，000 stars.Before we have a good chance of succeeding， we still have a long way to go.”
阅读理解：本文是一篇说明文。地球以外是否有外星人？这是一个大家都非常感兴趣的问题。尽管人类至今还没有发现外星人，但是很多科学家都相信外星人的存在。
5.What are the stories of Superman and ET？（ ）
A.Real events. B.Artists’ imagination.
C.Personal experiences. D.Scientists’ discoveries.
解析：B 推理判断题。根据第一段可知，人们除了在电影和电视里看到外星人以外，没有任何人能证明见到过外星人。由此判断，电影Superman和ET中的外星人建立在艺术家的想象基础之上。
6.Dr Frank Drake asks some questions in Paragraph 3 to .（ ）
A.prove the existence of aliens B.doubt the existence of aliens
C.express his interest in human beings’ future D.show the importance of understanding aliens
解析：D 细节理解题。根据第三段可知，Frank Drake博士提出很多问题，都是为最后一句话作铺垫。那就是证明这一切（问题）都是源于对外星人的了解并且这一问题将极大地丰富人类的生活。
7.Who doesn’t believe the existence of aliens？（ ）
A.Enrico Fermi. B.Dr Frank Drake.
C.John Zarnecki. D.Stephen Hawking.
解析：A 细节理解题。根据第五段可知，物理学家Enrico Fermi不相信外星人的存在。根据上文可知，其他三人都相信外星人的存在。
8.Why haven’t we found aliens according to Dr Frank Drake？（ ）
A.They are too far away from us. B.We haven’t made enough efforts.
C.They have never been to the Earth. D.Our science isn’t developed enough.
解析：B 细节理解题。根据最后一段可知，Frank Drake博士认为，人类尚未发现外星人，是因为我们为之付出的努力还不够。
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
（2024·浙江四校高二下联考）Personal profiles are an excellent way to express information into a simple format.Here are some basic steps that you’ll want to follow.
Share positive things， but not excessive.Everyone has problems， but no one wants to read a bunch of negative soul-searching.Don’t complain， or endlessly describe your health problems， relationship dramas， kid problems， etc.9.（ ）
Take pride in who you are and what you are all about.It isn’t helpful to criticize yourself.It makes people uncomfortable and it’s annoying to feel that you have to build up another person’s value constantly.10.（ ） No one can get close to you.The girl who says she is fat and shy relentlessly will turn people away.
11.（ ） There are groups who believe that their jobs are to convert the world to their ways of thinking.Although it may seem urgent， the personal profile is not the venue to boast.It will not promote your message in a healthy way.
Don’t advertise or sell.12.（ ） The personal profile is about you and should not be used to make money.The sites you use may put ads on， but that is how they generate funds to keep the sites free.
13.（ ） This is your own little message to the world.If you use other people’s tips to make a profile， everyone can enjoy the benefits.
A.Write in outline format.
B.Don’t say it in a long sentence.
C.It’s important to seek help before writing.
D.Don’t use your profile as a place to show off.
E.Self-criticism is really a form of control over others.
F.If you need customers， use a known business network.
G.People who do this have warning signs on their profiles.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。个人简介是用简单的格式表达信息的一种极好的方式。文章主要介绍了一些写个人资料要遵循的基本步骤。
9.G 上文提到了不要抱怨或没完没了地描述你的健康问题、感情困扰、孩子问题等。设空处为本段最后一句，应承接上文说明原因，故G项符合语境。
10.E 本段的中心思想是不要自我批评。下文提到没人能接近你，说明自我批评可能导致他人无法靠近，是一种控制他人的形式。故E项符合语境，E项中的Self-criticism对应上文中的criticize yourself。
11.D 本段的中心思想是不要把个人资料作为自我夸耀的方式。故D项符合语境，D项中的show off对应下文中的boast。
12.F 本段第一句的建议是不要把个人资料拿来做广告或销售，可推测本句应该说明获得商业客户的正确做法，故F项符合语境。
13.C 根据下文可知，本段的建议是在写个人资料前寻求帮助。故C项（在写之前寻求帮助是很重要的）符合语境。
Ⅲ.完形填空
（2024·太原高二下期末）Cassandra Warren was in a rush and feeling a little anxious with work and planning her 200-person wedding.As she was getting 14 for her wedding in the mail one day last year， she 15 addressed one to her aunt and uncle in Eugene， Oregon， about 20 minutes from where she lived.
A week later， the invitation 16 .She had written down the wrong address.
A handwritten 17 was on the return envelope：“I wish I 18 you.Congratulations — go have dinner on me.I’ve been married for 40 years — it gets better with age.” A 20 bill was 19 inside.
Cassandra， 26， and Jesse， 24， had no 20 who the mystery note writer is.
Cassandra and Jesse went out to dinner the following night with a friend who was going overseas with the military.They 21 put the 20 towards their bill.
Then Cassandra stopped by a store and 22 another card — a thank-you card.She 23 her aunt and uncle’s incorrect address on the envelope again — this time 24 — and addressed it to “Kind 25 ”.
Inside， she wrote，“Thank you for the note and taking the time to 26 it.Not many people would have done that.It was a big 27 after the day I was having.I am 28 for people like you still being in the world.”
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。Cassandra Warren不小心将自己的一封婚礼请柬写错了地址，却带来了意外的收获。
14.A.presents B.flowers
C.clothes D.invitations
解析：D 根据下文可知，Cassandra Warren收到了返回的请柬。
15.A.carefully B.patiently
C.anxiously D.hurriedly
解析：D 根据下文可知，Cassandra Warren写错了地址。由此可知，她当时很匆忙。
16.A.came back B.turned up
C.took off D.set down
解析：A 根据下文可知，Cassandra Warren写错了地址，因此请柬应该是被退回。
17.A.note B.letter
C.bill D.card
解析：A 根据下文who the mystery note writer is可知，Cassandra Warren收到的是便条。
18.A.loved B.heard
C.knew D.missed
解析：C 由于她把地址写错了，收到请柬的应是陌生人，因此这个陌生人会说但愿我认识你。
19.A.paid B.lost
C.included D.appeared
解析：C 这里说明信封里面还包含一张20美元的钞票。
20.A.concept B.idea
C.doubt D.evidence
解析：B 这里表示这对夫妇不知道这封信是谁写的。have no idea意为“丝毫不知道”。
21.A.easily B.naturally
C.happily D.gradually
解析：C Cassandra和Jesse用意外收到的20美元美餐了一顿，自然是非常开心的。
22.A.bought B.borrowed
C.requested D.obtained
解析：A Cassandra进了一家商店，应该是去买一张贺卡。
23.A.forgot B.told
C.gave D.wrote
解析：D 根据下文的incorrect address on the envelope可知，这里Cassandra应该是写下地址。
24.A.in turn B.at once
C.on purpose D.by accident
解析：C Cassandra第一次是不小心写错了地址，而这次则是故意写错地址。
25.A.Man B.Woman
C.Teacher D.Stranger
解析：D 由于Cassandra不认识对方，因此她应该称呼好心的陌生人。
26.A.send B.remember
C.answer D.receive
解析：A Cassandra这里应该是感谢对方花时间和金钱寄给她便笺。
27.A.favour B.honour
C.reward D.blessing
解析：D 对Cassandra来说，收到便笺是一件幸福的事。
28.A.curious B.surprised
C.thankful D.confident
解析：C Cassandra认为对方是世上少见的好心人，自然是对其非常感激。
18 / 18单元质量检测（一） SCIENCE FICTION
（满分150分，时间120分钟）
第一部分 听力（共两节，满分30分）
第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1.What will the woman do tonight？（ ）
A.Go to a concert.
B.Do some reading.
C.Visit her professor.
2.How will the woman go to Chicago？（ ）
A.By air. B.By car. C.By train.
3.What is probably the man？（ ）
A.A hotel clerk.
B.A shop keeper.
C.A waiter.
4.What does the man think Kate will like？（ ）
A.A book.
B.A CD.
C.A concert ticket.
5.Where does the man want to go？（ ）
A.A bank.
B.A shopping mall.
C.A post office.
第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
6.How often does Linda have yoga classes？（ ）
A.Once a week. B.Twice a week. C.Three times a week.
7.What may the two speakers do this Sunday afternoon？（ ）
A.Do some exercise.
B.See a movie.
C.Work together.
听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。
8.What will the man do this afternoon？（ ）
A.Hand in his homework.
B.Go out with the woman.
C.Do math and physics homework.
9.What day is it today？（ ）
A.Friday. B.Saturday. C.Sunday.
听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。
10.What did the man just do？（ ）
A.He kicked a rubbish bin.
B.He bought some bottled water.
C.He threw away a plastic bottle.
11.What does the woman usually do to protect the Earth？（ ）
A.Reuse the old things.
B.Collect plastic bottles.
C.Sort the rubbish.
12.What’s the most probable relationship between the speakers？（ ）
A.Teacher and student.
B.Classmates.
C.Friends.
听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。
13.What does the woman want the man to do？（ ）
A.Go to her birthday party.
B.Invite some friends to a party.
C.Help organise a birthday party.
14.When does the man plan to visit the woman on Friday？（ ）
A.About 7：30 p.m.
B.About 8：00 p.m.
C.About 8：30 p.m.
15.What will the man do on Friday？（ ）
A.Bring some drinks.
B.Prepare a cake.
C.Play the piano.
16.What is the man busy with？（ ）
A.A speech. B.His study. C.A report.
听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。
17.For whom may the language learning class aim？（ ）
A.People starting to work.
B.People retiring from work.
C.People wanting to travel abroad.
18.What did the members do first in class？（ ）
A.Writing down some words.
B.Talking in English.
C.Pronouncing words.
19.What may impress the speaker most in the English class？（ ）
A.The pleasant class atmosphere.
B.The friendly members.
C.The learned teacher.
20.What is the speaker mainly talking about？（ ）
A.Her English learning experience.
B.A way to learn English well.
C.Benefits of learning English.
答案：1－5 BCCAC 6－10 CBCCC
11－15 ACABC 16－20 CACAA
听力原文：
（Text 1）
M：Hey， Mary， what about going to a concert tonight？
W：Sorry， John， I’m afraid I can’t. My professor asked me to finish reading the book tonight.
（Text 2）
M：Susan， I have heard you’re going to Chicago the day after tomorrow. Will you go there by plane？
W：No， I think it is too expensive. So I’ll take a train instead of taking a flight.
M：That would be a very long trip.
（Text 3）
M：May I take your order now， madam？
W：No. I’m still waiting for a friend. So I’ll just keep reading the menu. I’ll let you know when we’re ready to order.
M：OK.
（Text 4）
W：Kate’s birthday is coming. How about buying her a CD or a concert ticket？
M：I don’t think she will like that. A book may be a nice gift， because she loves reading.
（Text 5）
M：Excuse me， could you please tell me where I can post the package？
W：Yes， go past the shopping mall and turn right at the first cross， and you will find the place next to a bank.
（Text 6）
M：Hey， Linda， are you free after work？
W：No. I will have a yoga class from 7：30 p.m. to 9：00 p.m.
M：Oh. When did you start learning yoga？
W：Last month. You know， I am a little fat and doing yoga can keep me in shape. I take classes on every Wednesday and Friday evening and Saturday morning at the fitness centre.
M：That sounds good. So what about going to the cinema this Sunday afternoon？ It is said that the latest film is pretty wonderful.
W：That’s great！
（Text 7）
M：Karen， have you finished all your homework？
W：Not yet. I spent the whole morning doing math homework. It was just too difficult for me. Then I had no time to do physics homework and history homework. What about you？
M：I’ve only finished the history homework. So will you do your homework this afternoon？
W：Of course. It’s Monday tomorrow. We should hand in all the homework.
M：How about doing the rest of the homework together at your home？
W：Good idea.
（Text 8）
W：Don’t throw the plastic water bottle on the ground， Jack. Put it in the rubbish bin.
M：OK. I know.
W：The plastic will pollute the Earth. My teacher said that it’s everyone’s duty to protect the environment.
M：That’s true. But what can we do？
W：There are many things we can do， like using reusable products and taking public transportation. I usually keep plastic bottles， food cans and so on for future use.
M：I see， you really do a good job.
W：But that is not enough. We should call on more people to join us.
M：Yes. I will tell this to my classmates and other friends.
W：Great. If everyone takes action， our Earth will be more and more beautiful.
M：I totally agree.
（Text 9）
W：Hi， Henry. This is Jennifer calling.
M：Hi， Jennifer. How is everything going？
W：Very well. Hey， actually， I am calling because it’s my birthday this Friday. I was wondering if you would come to my birthday party.
M：Of course I’ll come. But what time？
W：It’s 7：30 p.m. Is that OK？
M：I’m afraid I cannot make it on time. My workplace is a bit far from your home. But I’m sure I can get there 30 minutes later.
W：That’s fine.
M：Good. Do you want me to bring something， like a cake or some drinks？
W：No， you don’t have to. But I do want you to play the piano for a while at the party.
M：That’s OK. Oh， I must hang up now. I should get back to work. I have to finish a report today.
W：OK. See you this Friday.
M：See you then.
（Text 10）
W：I didn’t learn English well at school. So after I started working， I went to take an English course in a language learning center. There were fifteen members like me in my class and we had an English lesson from 7：00 p.m. to 9：00 p.m. every Tuesday and Friday. When the teacher entered the classroom， the lesson began. We usually started it by pronouncing different words. Then we were usually invited to the blackboard by the teacher to write down some words. After that we usually talked with each other in English in groups. During the lesson we spoke mostly English， but sometimes when the students didn’t understand the teacher or the task in the textbook， we spoke Chinese， our mother tongue. What I liked best of the English lessons was the happy and friendly environment of the class. The funny jokes were always welcomed. Thanks to my one-year-long study there， I made much progress in English. Now I can speak English well with those I work with.
第二部分 阅读（共两节，满分50分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Having both the curiosity and passion to explore the world is rewarding.Acquiring new skills after class is necessary and beneficial.To help you on your journey of self-growth and discovery， here are some free learning tools available for self-learners.
Khan Academy
Khan Academy is one of the most popular learning tools out there.It offers over 4，000 free courses from a huge variety of disciplines.One of the best things about the platform is that it’s available in many other languages other than English.It is a mobile app with wonderful videos to keep your learning on the go.
Duolingo
Speaking of learning on the go， Duolingo is also one of the most popular mobile learning apps.The app offers you the opportunity to learn a language.Flashcards， multiple-choice questions， and translation exercises help you pick up vocabulary and grammar.If you want to get started learning a new language， Duolingo can give you an excellent foundation.
The University of Oxford
England’s oldest university offers over 600 online courses， sets of teaching materials， and lecture series on its open education platform.This makes it one of the most invaluable learning tools on the Internet.Unlike courses on other platforms， Oxford’s courses and lectures aren’t laid out to give introductions to broad topics.Instead， learners can deep dive into specific attractive subjects， such as the late works of Schumann， or the performance history of Medea.
BookBoon
If you’re the learner type who likes text and text only， BookBoon is a great resource for you.It offers over 50 million e-books and textbooks on just about any subject that you can think of.From an introduction to essay writing to the philosophy of artificial intelligence， BookBoon has almost covered everything.
语篇解读：本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了四款适合自学的学习工具。
21.What do Khan Academy and Duolingo have in common？（ ）
A.They are only available in English.
B.They offer thousands of free courses.
C.They belong to mobile learning apps.
D.They are platforms for teaching materials.
解析：C 细节理解题。根据Khan Academy介绍中的最后一句和Duolingo介绍中的第一句可知，这两款学习工具的共同之处是它们都属于移动应用程序。
22.What is unique about the University of Oxford？（ ）
A.It covers specific courses.
B.It includes video teaching.
C.It is available for self-learners.
D.It provides online courses.
解析：A 细节理解题。根据The University of Oxford介绍中的最后一句可知，这款学习工具的独特之处在于学习者可以通过此学习工具深入研究特定的、有吸引力的主题。
23.Which is the fittest one for text-loving learners？（ ）
A.Khan Academy.
B.Duolingo.
C.The University of Oxford.
D.BookBoon.
解析：D 细节理解题。根据BookBoon介绍中的前两句可知，该学习工具最适合喜欢文本学习的人。
B
Mekhi Johnson sat with his mother at a restaurant. It was 7 p.m. on 28 March — time for Ivy League schools to release their admissions decisions.
Johnson pulled out his iPhone and quickly started checking his status at each of the eight elite （精英的） schools that he applied to. He started with Yale — he was in. Next， Columbia and Cornell. Those schools accepted him， too. Then， he checked Harvard’s decision.
“As soon as I saw I got into Harvard， my mom started screaming，” said the 17-year-old Baltimore student. “She started yelling，‘My son just got into Harvard，’ and everyone in the restaurant started applauding.”
Johnson， a senior at the Gilman School， is one of just a handful of students in the country to be accepted into all eight Ivy League schools.
“I didn’t have words then， and I don’t have words now，” he said. “I just felt extraordinary.”
When Johnson was 6 years old， he heard a story on the radio about a student who gained acceptance into all the Ivy League institutions. His mother， Tawana Thomas Johnson， said her son turned to her and said，“I want to do that.”
“Even at six， he was pretty serious，” she said. “He kept this goal in front of him through all those years. It’s a wonderful thing and is certainly a testament （证明） to what you can do when you set your mind to it.”
The chances of getting into any one of the Ivy League schools are slim： Less than 5 percent of applicants got into Harvard this year， for example.
Thomas Johnson said her son is modest， and he hasn’t even posted about his accomplishment on Facebook. But plenty of his friends are celebrating his achievements， rushing to give him high-fives upon hearing the news.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。来自美国巴尔的摩的一名高中生被美国八所常春藤盟校同时录取，他成功背后的秘诀是什么呢？
24.What was Mekhi Johnson doing at a restaurant？（ ）
A.Having fun with the others.
B.Playing games on his iPhone.
C.Having a meal with his mom.
D.Waiting for the admission result.
解析：D 细节理解题。根据第二段可知，Mekhi Johnson和母亲在一家饭馆里等待美国常春藤盟校录取结果的公布。
25.What made Mekhi Johnson decide to apply to the Ivy League schools？（ ）
A.A typical example. B.A fortunate incident.
C.His mother’s expectations. D.His teachers’ encouragement.
解析：A 推理判断题。根据第六段可知，Mekhi Johnson六岁的时候在收音机里听到一个男孩被八所常春藤盟校录取，从而他下定决心也要创造这一奇迹。
26.What is the top secret of Johnson’s success in his mother’s eyes？（ ）
A.Staying modest. B.Believing in himself.
C.Having a clear goal. D.Working hard every day.
解析：C 细节理解题。根据倒数第三段可知，Johnson的母亲认为，Mekhi Johnson之所以成功，是因为他从小就明确了考取八所常春藤盟校这一目标，然后一直朝这一目标奋斗。
27.What would be the best title for this passage？（ ）
A.Mother Shared His Son’s Success Story
B.Mother Delighted Over His Son’s Success
C.Boy Admitted to All Ivy League Colleges
D.Baltimore Student Made His Way to Harvard
解析：C 标题归纳题。综合全文可知，本文主要介绍了高中生Mekhi Johnson被美国八所常春藤盟校录取这一事件。因此C项为本文最佳标题。
C
Scientists have been working to improve AI models， mainly by training the models on larger and larger collections of information. Those efforts are paying off. Extremely fast progress in AI tools has surprised even their creators with what they can do.
Some recent models can create realistic photos from a short written description. Others can recreate anyone’s voice saying anything based on a voice recording just a few seconds long. But the AI tool that’s gotten the most attention recently is ChatGPT， created by the company OpenAI.
ChatGPT is a Large Language Model （LLM）. LLMs are trained on large amounts of writing of all kinds， and are used to generate text （create writing）. When asked a question， ChatGPT answers quickly in perfect sentences. It makes up stories and games， writes essays， programs computers， and much more. ChatGPT appears to be extremely intelligent. But really， ChatGPT is simply guessing — based on its training information — which word is most likely to come next.
Last month， OpenAI announced a more powerful model， called GPT-4， which can create and explain jokes， and pass tests that are difficult for humans. The rapid progress and more general skills of recent AI models worries some people. Last week， many computer experts released a letter calling for a six-month pause for any work on AI tools stronger than GPT-4.
The letter claimed AI companies were in a race to create “powerful digital minds” that no one can “understand， predict， or ...control”. The group behind the letter wants governments to develop laws to make sure AI tools won’t be a threat to people.
Not all AI experts agreed with the letter. Some say the letter makes today’s AI tools sound more intelligent than they really are. Others say it’s more important to worry about real problems in current AI tools rather than imaginary ones in the future.
ChatGPT has caused so much excitement that many companies are likely to keep developing powerful AI tools. But the letter has sent a strong warning that many people — including leaders — will be thinking about carefully.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。人工智能产业正在全球范围内如火如荼地发展，可是，有些科学家对其过于快速的发展和过于强大的功能表示担心。
28.What’s the second paragraph mainly about？（ ）
A.The benefits of AI tools.
B.The problems with AI tools.
C.The future possibilities of AI.
D.The rapid development of AI.
解析：D 段落大意题。根据第二段可知，本段是对上文Extremely fast progress in AI tools has surprised even their creators的延伸和展开说明，作者主要通过举例的方式说明人工智能产业的飞速发展。
29.What can we learn about ChatGPT？（ ）
A.It’s more powerful than GPT-4.
B.It can create and explain jokes.
C.It can think intelligently like a human being.
D.It’s trained on large amounts of information.
解析：D 细节理解题。根据第三段可知，ChatGPT是基于海量信息训练的结果，它目前并没有人们想象的那么智能，其工作原理是“猜测和预测”，它也没有GPT-4强大。
30.Why did many computer experts release a letter？（ ）
A.To prevent the development of AI.
B.To help AI become more powerful.
C.To make sure AI is safe for people.
D.To promote the development of AI.
解析：C 推理判断题。根据第五段可知，一些计算机科学家之所以发表公开信，他们的目的是确保人工智能的发展不会对人类构成威胁。
31.What can we infer from the last paragraph？（ ）
A.The letter will serve as a reminder.
B.The letter won’t make any difference.
C.AI tools won’t do any harm to people.
D.Many companies will stop developing AI.
解析：A 推理判断题。根据最后一段可知，作者认为，这封公开信虽然不会阻止那些科技公司继续发展人工智能技术，但是它会对许多人（包括领导）发出一份警告。
D
There’s an industry selling a product that is bad for one’s health. A generation ago that industry was tobacco and its product was cigarettes. Today it is the food and beverage industry and its product is sugar — sugar that is being added to food and drink.
Public health advocates say two approaches that worked to reduce smoking — consumer education and taxation — are needed to combat over-consumption of sugar.
A ten percent tax on sugary drinks was introduced in Mexico in January 2014 and drinks sales there fell by 12 percent in the first year. In France， a tax on soft drinks introduced in 2012 has resulted in a gradual decline of consumption. Norway has been active in taxing sugary foods and drinks as well as education for many years， with good results.
In Australia， New Zealand， Singapore and Malaysia， calls for a tax on sugar have come from a range of public health advocates. A recent Australian study found that placing a 20 percent tax on sugar-sweetened drinks could save more than 1，600 lives over 25 years.
And as obesity continues to rise in Asia， several countries such as India， Indonesia and the Philippines are also considering placing a tax on sugary drinks.
Not surprisingly， a sugar tax is strongly opposed by powerful groups in the food and beverage industry， such as the AFGC.
“Advocates for a tax cannot accept that Australia has had an actual sugar tax for 16 years — it’s called the GST， which is applied to processed food — and obesity has not dropped during this time. In fact， evidence suggests that Australia’s sugar consumption declined significantly （6% for women， 14% for men） from 1995－2011 while obesity continued to rise，” Annison says.
Comparing the sugar industry to tobacco is ill-informed and simply designed to grab a headline. There is no safe level of tobacco consumption and it has absolutely no health benefits. All foods can be incorporated （包含） into a healthy diet， and unhealthy diets can also be constructed only from so-called “healthy” foods.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。含糖食品和饮料对健康有害，世界上很多国家已经采取措施来控制人们对糖的摄入。
32.What does the underlined word “combat” in Paragraph 2 probably mean？（ ）
A.Find out. B.Bring about.
C.Fight against. D.Research into.
解析：C 词义猜测题。上文提到糖的危害，因此我们应该利用教育和税收方式来“控制”人们对糖的过量摄入。
33.What’s the purpose of the examples in Paragraph 3？（ ）
A.To prove the tax policy is popular.
B.To prove the tax policy is effective.
C.To show sugar is popular in Europe.
D.To show sugar is rejected in Europe.
解析：B 细节理解题。第三段列举了墨西哥、法国及挪威三个例子，它们都说明给含糖食品征税的政策有助于降低人们对糖的消费和摄入。
34.What does Annison think of sugar tax？（ ）
A.It’s necessary indeed. B.It will produce results soon.
C.It makes a great difference. D.It serves no practical purpose.
解析：D 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段可知，Annison以澳大利亚为例，说明给含糖食品征税的政策并没有降低澳大利亚人的肥胖率。
35.According to Annison， comparing sugar to tobacco is .（ ）
A.interesting B.reasonable
C.unacceptable D.understandable
解析：C 推理判断题。根据最后一段可知，Annison认为，将糖比作烟草纯属为了吸引眼球；烟草对健康没有任何益处，（其言外之意是）而适量的糖对健康有益。
第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
How to Get Followers on Instagram
Instagram is an app for iOS， Android， and Windows Phone devices.36.（ ） Getting more followers is important to increase your Instagram presence， but knowing where to start can be difficult.Read this article for tips on creating good photos， interacting with the community， and increasing your presence on Instagram in general.
Follow similar accounts. Instagram is a community， and you will find yourself gaining followers if you participate in that community.This means interacting beyond simply uploading photos.Find people that are posting pictures that interest you， and follow their accounts.37.（ ） Don’t just follow everyone you see， or your feed will become too overloaded to process.Limit yourself to following only those accounts that you find most interesting.
Like and comment on pictures. Once you start following some people， take some time to Like and comment on their photos.Not only will this make the other person feel good， but other people may see your name or comment and check out your profile.38.（ ）
Respond to comments on your own photos. Interacting with your own followers is important to maintain your follower base.Respond to any interesting comments， and thank your followers for any compliments.39.（ ）
Fill out your personal information. Your Instagram bio is an often-overlooked but very important part of your Instagram account.40.（ ） Include a couple hashtags （话题标签） as well that relate to your content.
A.This will let you see their latest photos.
B.You must follow those who have followed you.
C.Getting followers is becoming more and more important.
D.Let people know who you are and why they should follow you.
E.If a follower asks a question， take the time to answer it properly.
F.If you stay active， this can lead to a steady stream of new followers.
G.It allows users to share and upload photos within the Instagram community.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。Instagram是美国一个著名的社交媒体。文章介绍了一些如何在这一平台获得粉丝的诀窍。
36.G 上句介绍了Instagram这个社交媒体平台，下句进一步说明它的主要功能，因此G项符合语境。
37.A 上句建议我们关注那些发布我们感兴趣照片的账号，接下来自然是“我们会看到他们最新的照片”，因此A项符合语境。
38.F 上句建议我们对那些已关注的账号去点赞和评论，这样做的结果是我们会吸引来新粉丝，因此F项符合语境。
39.E 本段建议我们要对他人的评论进行回复，因此E项符合语境。
40.D 本段建议我们填写个人信息，这样做的目的自然是让他人了解我们，因此D项符合语境。
第三部分 语言运用（共两节，满分30分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
I remember starting a new job and working with a guy named Randy.I don’t know what his 41 was， but for some reason he didn’t like me.He’d say 42 things to me daily.
There were times when I wanted to beat the guy， 43 I somehow managed to keep my cool and ignore him. 44 he insulted （侮辱） me， I made it a personal challenge to treat him well 45 .I had faith that things would 46 in the end if I acted this way.
In a matter of a few months things began to 47 .Randy could see that I wasn’t going to play his 48 and began to lighten up.He even told me one time，“I’ve tried to 49 you， but you won’t take offense.”
After being at the company for about a year， we became friends and gained 50 for each other.Had I reacted to his attacks， I’m 51 we wouldn’t be friends today.I’m also sure that at least one of us would have missed a few teeth.Often all it takes is one person to create a friendship.
The fact is we can’t control 52 that happens to us.We can’t control how others might 53 us.But there is one thing we can control： how we 54 to what happens to us.And that is what really 55 ！ This is why we need to stop worrying about things we can’t control and start worrying about things we can.
语篇解读：本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。Randy一直对作者不友好，但是作者总是以德报怨。最后作者终于感化了Randy，还和Randy成了朋友。
41.A.interest B.problem
C.hope D.method
解析：B 根据下文可知，Randy不喜欢作者，但是作者不知道问题出在哪里。
42.A.impossible B.difficult
C.unpleasant D.strange
解析：C 因为Randy不喜欢作者，所以他说的肯定是令作者不愉快的话。
43.A.and B.or
C.but D.so
解析：C 根据语境可知，作者本来想打那个人，但是又控制住了自己的情绪。前后两句之间存在转折关系。
44.A.Whatever B.Wherever
C.Whenever D.However
解析：C 作者无论何时遭到那个人的侮辱，都会努力以友好的方式回应。
45.A.in turn B.in return
C.in order D.in time
解析：B 这里表示作者面对侮辱时的回应方式。in return意为“作为对……回报或回应”。
46.A.work out B.take out
C.turn out D.come out
解析：A 根据语境可知，作者相信这个事情最终会解决的。work out意为“解决；找到……的答案”。
47.A.move B.stop
C.appear D.change
解析：D 根据下文可知，事情的发展发生了变化，Randy开始对作者友好起来。
48.A.game B.sport
C.match D.party
解析：A 这里表示作者不愿配合Randy的游戏，也就是说无论Randy怎么侮辱，作者就是不生气、不反抗。
49.A.reach B.hurt
C.leave D.please
解析：B 根据上文可知，Randy一直在侮辱和伤害作者。
50.A.honour B.topic
C.respect D.duty
解析：C 根据下文可知，两个人成了朋友，因此开始互相尊重对方。
51.A.certain B.aware
C.curious D.sorry
解析：A 根据下文的I’m also sure可知，作者相信如果自己跟Randy对抗，他们就不会成为朋友。
52.A.something B.anything
C.everything D.nothing
解析：C 作者认为，我们不可能控制生活中发生的一切。
53.A.treat B.impress
C.influence D.control
解析：A 我们无法控制别人怎样对待我们。
54.A.attend B.respond
C.devote D.manage
解析：B 我们唯一能控制的是用自己的方式应对发生在我们身上的事。
55.A.remains B.decides
C.achieves D.matters
解析：D 作者认为：怎样应对发生在我们身上的事才是真正重要的事。matter意为“重要；要紧”。
第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
If you were going to lose your job， would you prefer to be replaced by a robot or another person？ If you said robot， you’re 56. the majority. Most people would prefer a robot to take their job if they had to lose it， 57. they would prefer to see another human step in if a co-worker was going to lose 58. （their）.
“Being replaced by modern technology versus being replaced by humans 59. （have） different psychological consequences，” says Armin Granulo at Technical University of Munich in Germany. He and his colleagues set out to examine these 60. （difference）.
They asked 300 people to judge whether they would prefer 61. existing member of staff to be replaced by a robot or a human.In that case， 62 percent of people said they preferred to have a human step in.But when they were asked to imagine 62. （lose） their own job， 37 percent preferred being replaced by a human rather than a robot.
Those who thought their jobs were likely 63. （replace） may not be wrong. In 2013， Carl Frey and colleagues at the University of Oxford in the UK categorised jobs by how 64. （easy） they could be done by machines， and 65. （find） that about half the jobs in the US could be done by robots in the next 20 years.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。当我们的工作将注定被取代时，我们希望代替我们的是同事还是机器呢？
56.in be in the majority是一个固定短语，表示“占大多数；属于大多数”。
57.but 前后两个分句之间存在转折关系，应用连词but。
58.theirs 这里的theirs相当于their job。
59.has 本句主语为动词-ing短语，视为单数形式，故填has。
60.differences 此处difference为可数名词，表示复数概念，故填differences。
61.an 这里泛指公司里的一位员工，应用不定冠词an。
62.losing imagine doing sth为固定用法，表示“想象做某事”。
63.to be replaced be likely to do sth为固定用法，这里表示被动含义，故填to be replaced。
64.easily 本空所填词修饰谓语动词done，应用副词形式。
65.found 本空所填词与前面的categorised为并列的谓语动词，应用一般过去时。
第四部分 写作（共两节，满分40分）
第一节（满分15分）
中国著名科幻小说作家刘慈欣的作品《三体》（The Three-Body Problem）在国际上畅销并引发了国内的科幻热。请你就“科幻小说”这一话题写一篇英语短文给校报投稿，内容包括：
1.说明目前科幻小说的流行；
2.你认为阅读科幻小说的好处是什么。
注意：1.写作词数应为80左右；
2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
参考范文：
With the instant success of the Chinese science fiction writer Liu Cixin’s The Three-Body Problem in the world， there is a great popularity of science fiction in China at present.
In my opinion， reading science fiction is highly beneficial to us.Above all， by reading science fiction， we can acquire some knowledge on popular science and modern technology.Equipped with some scientific knowledge， we can become better prepared for the uncertain future.What’s more， reading science fiction can help us to develop our imagination.As Albert Einstein once said，“Imagination is more important than knowledge.”
第二节（满分25 分）
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
During my senior year of high school， I got a part-time job working at the local coffee shop.I had figured that the job would be easy and， for the most part， stress free.I pictured myself pouring the best gourmet coffees， making delicious doughnuts and becoming close friends with the regular customers.
What I hadn’t counted on were the people with enormous orders who chose to use the drive-thru window， or the women who felt that the coffee was much too creamy， or the men who wanted their iced coffees remade again and again until they reached a certain level of perfection.There were moments when I was angry with the human race as a whole， simply because I couldn’t seem to please anyone.There was always too much sugar， too little ice and not enough skim milk.Nevertheless， I kept at it.
One miserable rainy day， one of my regular customers came in looking depressed and defeated.My co-worker and I asked what the problem was and if we could help， but the customer wouldn’t reveal any details.I guessed something terrible had happened to him and I knew exactly how he felt.
Before he left， I handed him a bag along with his iced coffee.He looked at me questioningly because he hadn’t ordered anything but the coffee.He opened the bag and saw that I had given him his favourite type of doughnut.
“It’s on me，” I told him.“Have a nice day.”
He smiled and thanked me before turning around and heading back out into the rain.
The next day was miserable as well， rain spilling from the sky.Everyone in town seemed to be using the drive-thru window because no one wanted to brave the black skies or the thunder and lightning.
I spent my afternoon hanging out the window， handing people their orders and waiting as they slowly counted their pennies.I tried to smile as the customers complained about the weather.Around seven o’clock that evening， the customer from the day before drove up to the window.
注意：1.续写词数应为150左右；
2.请按如下格式作答。
But instead of ordering anything， he handed me a single pink rose and a little note.
After a moment， he drove away with a friendly wave and I ran to the back of the shop to read the note.
参考范文：
But instead of ordering anything， he handed me a single pink rose and a little note.He said that not too many people take the time to care about others， and he was glad there were still people like me in the world.Actually， he lost his job yesterday and my kindness cheered him up.With the regained confidence and strength， he made up his mind to find another job.I was speechless and very touched； I nearly forgot yesterday’s deed.
After a moment， he drove away with a friendly wave and I ran to the back of the shop to read the note.It read，“Thanks for being so sweet， kind and thoughtful yesterday.I was sincerely touched by you.It is so nice to meet someone who’s genuinely nice， warm， and sensitive and unselfish.Have a great day！” It was at that moment that I realised even a small act of kindness can make a great difference to other people’s lives.From then on， I smiled at each and every customer and did whatever I could to bring some sunshine to their lives.
14 / 15单元素养提升
◇本单元语法学了什么内容？ ◇自我评价
◇本单元写作练了哪个方面？
一、核心单词
1. ridiculous adj.愚蠢的；荒谬的；荒唐的
2. integrity n.诚实正直；完整；完好
3. dignity n.庄重；庄严；尊严
4. salary n.薪水；薪金
5. absurd adj.荒谬的；荒唐的
6. saleswoman n.女售货员；女推销员
7. ladder n.梯子；阶梯
8. dismiss vt.让（某人）离开；解散；解雇；消除
9. rumour n.谣言；传闻
10. fare n.车费；船费；飞机票价
11. flour n.面粉；（谷物磨成的）粉
12. salesman n.售货员；推销员
13. superior adj.更好的；占优势的；（在级别或重要性上）更高的
14. labour n.劳动（者）；体力劳动
vi.奋斗；努力工作
15. leather n.皮革；[pl.] 皮衣；皮外套
16. inch n.英寸（长度单位，等于2.54厘米）
17. backwards adv.向后；倒着；往回
18. niece n.侄女；外甥女
19. fetch vt.（去）拿来；（去）请来
20. handkerchief n.手帕；纸巾
21. lamp n.灯；台灯
22. pace n.速度；步伐；节奏
vt.& vi.确定速度；调整节奏
23. random adj.随机的；不可思议的
Ⅰ.选用上面单词并用其适当形式填空
1.The rumour that he was dismissed was confirmed.
2.The runners have noticeably quickened their pace .
3.They set 1 May as International Labour Day showing respect for workers of all countries.
4.He had to admit that he had made a ridiculous mistake.
5.They were excited that their product was superior to their competitors’.
6.A salary is the money that someone earns each month or year from their employer.
7.When an employer dismisses an employee， the employer tells the employee that they are no longer needed to do the job that they have been doing.
8.He took a handkerchief from his pocket and lightly wiped his mouth.
9.The information is processed in a random order.
10.Your dignity is the sense that you have of your own importance and value， and other people’s respect for you.
11.No one doubted that the president was a man of the highest integrity .
二、拓展词汇
1. appointment n.预约；约会；委任→appoint v.任命；委任；安排→appointed adj.指定的，约定的
2. guilty adj.内疚的；有罪的；有过失的→guilt n.内疚；罪行；有罪
3. declare vt.表明；宣称；公布→declaration n.公告；宣言；声明
4. weekly adj.每周的 n.周刊→week n.星期
5. calculate vt.计算；核算；预测→calculation n.计算，运算
6. division n.分开；分隔；差异；除（法）→divide v.（使）分开，分散，分割，分成；分配
7. urge n.强烈的欲望；冲动 vt.催促；力劝；大力推荐→urgent adj.迫切的；紧急的
8. maximum adj.最大极限的n.最大量；最大限度→minimum adj.最低的；最小的n.最小值
9. explode vi.& vt.爆炸；爆破→explosion n.爆炸
10. mud n.泥；泥浆→muddy adj.泥泞的；沾满泥的
Ⅱ.用所给词的适当形式填空
1.He was appointed as manager and wanted to tell his girlfriend the good news at the appointed time， but she missed their appointment somehow.（appoint）
2.A bomb exploded in the market.The explosion was heard a mile away.（explode）
3.There wasn’t enough evidence to prove him guilty （guilt）.Finally， he was set free.
4.You’d better not walk into the room with muddy （mud） boots on your feet.
5.You can be paid in cash weekly （week） or by cheque monthly； those are the two alternatives.
6.I taught my daughter how to do division （divide） at the age of six.
三、重点短语用准
1. experiment with 以……做试验
2. test out 检验；测试
3. more like 更像是；更接近
4. or rather 更确切地说
5. have an appointment 预约；有一个约会
6. turn around 转动；转身
7. after all 毕竟；终究；别忘了
8. more than 比……更；超出；不仅仅
9. on a ...basis 根据；以……的方式（基准）
10. pros and cons 事物的利与弊；支持与反对
11. superior to 比……更好；更胜一筹
12. take over 占上风；取而代之；接管；接手
13. conflict with 与……冲突或抵触
14. turn out 关掉；熄灭；在场；使朝
外；结果是
15. fall away （逐渐）减少；消失
16. have an urge to 有强烈的欲望做某事
Ⅲ.选用上面短语并用其适当形式填空
1.The students tested out their ideas in several companies and drew an interesting conclusion.
2.Helen was chosen for the job because she was superior to any other candidate.
3.Look！ Little Tom is in tears. Don’t scold him. After all ， he is only a boy of six.
4.As it turned out ， that day， we did a lot for the elderly at the nursing home.
5.I hold the firm belief that Mary was the ideal person to take over the job.
6.The view from the peak of the mountain was wonderful and our tiredness fell away .
四、经典句式写美
1.more ... than ...比……更……；与其说……不如说……
He seemed more like a human than a machine （不太像机器，而更像一个真人）.
2.make＋宾语＋宾语补足语
As a favour， Tony promised to help Claire make herself more beautiful and her home more elegant （把她变得更漂亮些，也把她的家变得更雅致些）.
3.完全倒装
As she turned around， there stood Gladys Claffern （格拉迪丝·克拉芬正站在那里）.
4.强调句
It was at ten o’clock today that （正是今天十点钟） the first of all Time Machines began its career.
5.as if引导方式状语从句
Night came as if a lamp was being turned out （仿佛一盏灯正在熄灭）， and in another moment came the day.
Ⅳ.完成句子
1.She was more sad than angry when her son lied.
当她的儿子撒谎时，与其说她生气倒不如说她伤心。
2.His parents managed to make him examined in the hospital.
他的父母设法让他在医院进行了检查。
3. Seated in the first line are some advanced workers.
坐在第一排的是一些先进工作者。
4.As for the environmental protection， it is not what we say but what we do that makes a difference.
至于环境保护，起作用的不是我们说什么，而是我们做什么。
5.He acted as if nothing had happened ， even though everyone knew the truth.
尽管每个人都知道真相，但他表现得好像什么事也没发生过。
4 / 4UNIT 1 SCIENCE FICTION
Imagination is more important than knowledge. For knowledge is limited to all we now know and understand， while imagination embraces the entire world. —Albert Einstein 想象力比知识更重要。因为知识仅限于我们现在所知道和理解的，而想象力涵盖了整个世界。 ——阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦 Science fiction writers foresee the inevitable， and although problems and catastrophes may be inevitable， solutions are not. —Isaac Asimov 科幻作家预见到了不可避免的事情，尽管问题和灾难可能是不可避免的，但解决方案却并非如此。 ——艾萨克·阿西莫夫
One of the biggest roles of science fiction is to prepare people to accept the future without pain and to encourage a flexibility of the mind. —Arthur C.Clarke 科幻小说最大的作用之一，是让人们做好准备在没有痛苦的情况下接受未来，并鼓励思维的灵活性。 ——阿瑟·克拉克 At the very beginning， I wrote sci-fi because I decided to escape the dull life， and to reach out， with imagination， to the mysterious time and space that I could never truly reach. —Liu Cixin 我最初创作科幻小说是为了逃离平淡的生活，用想象力去接触那些我永远无法到达的神奇时空。 ——刘慈欣
2 / 2Section Ⅱ Learning About Language
复习被动语态
①It was going to be tested out by Larry’s wife， Claire.
②Now she was being looked after by a robot that looked so human， and it was disturbing.
③As he was not allowed to accompany her to the shops ...
【我的发现】
以上句子中都使用了被动语态，句①为 过去将来时 的被动语态；句②为 过去进行时 的被动语态；句③为 一般过去时 的被动语态。
一、基本构成
项目 一般时态 进行时态 完成时态
现在 am/is/are done am/is/are being done has/have been done
过去 was/were done was/were being done had been done
将来 shall/will be done —— shall/will have been done
The children are asked to clean their rooms every day.
孩子们被要求每天打扫他们的房间。（一般现在时的被动语态）
The work will have been finished by the end of next month.
到下个月底这项工作将会被完成。（将来完成时的被动语态）
I feel that not enough is being done to protect the local wild animals.
我觉得对当地野生动物的保护力度不够。（现在进行时的被动语态）
I received the sad news that he had been killed in a motorcycle accident.
我得知了这个不幸的消息，说他在一场摩托车事故中丧生了。（过去完成时的被动语态）
【即时演练1】 用所给动词的适当形式填空
①（2023·新课标Ⅰ卷）When I was invited （invite） to the stage to receive the award， I expressed my thanks to my teacher.
②It is calculated by dividing a person’s weight in kg by their height in meters squared， and a BMI of between 19 and 25 is considered （consider） healthy.
③We must be aware of the fact that our beautiful environment is being destroyed （destroy） now.
④Over the past 20 years， many inspirational role models have been honoured （honour） in Touching China awards.
⑤I have to go to work by taxi because my car is being repaired （repair） at the garage.
二、使用被动语态应注意的几个问题
1.否定词not的位置：在第一个助动词或情态动词之后。
He was extremely disappointed to hear that he would not be given a doctor’s degree.
听到不会获得博士学位，他失望透顶。
2.主动句的谓语动词带有复合宾语时，应将宾语变成被动句的主语，而将宾语补足语保留不动，这时的宾语补足语变成了主语补足语。
We saw him sitting there without doing anything.
＝He was seen sitting there without doing anything.
我们看见他坐在那儿，什么也没做。
His words made me throw up.
＝I was made to throw up by his words.
他的话令我作呕。
名师点津
在主动语态中，make、 hear、 see等词后接动词不定式时要省略to，但在被动语态中不能省略。
3.带双宾语的动词作谓语的主动句转换为被动句时，可将表示物的直接宾语变为主语，用for或to引出表示人的间接宾语，或将表示人的间接宾语变为主语，直接宾语保留。
My father is telling me an interesting story now.
＝An interesting story is being told to me by my father now.
＝I’m being told an interesting story by my father now.
爸爸正在给我讲一个有趣的故事。
4.短语动词在主动结构中是不可分割的，在被动结构中也是如此，不可去掉动词后面的介词或副词。
The old man was often laughed at.
那位老人经常被嘲笑。
【即时演练2】 将下列句子改为被动语态
①We saw a stranger enter the building just now.
→ A stranger was seen to enter the building just now.
②My uncle gave me a present the other day.
→ A present was given to me the other day by my uncle.
→ I was given a present the other day by my uncle.
③The bad weather made me decide to stay here for another day.
→ I was made to decide to stay here for another day by the bad weather.
④My uncle took good care of me when I was young.
→ I was taken good care of by my uncle when I was young.
三、难点突破——主动形式表示被动意义
1.连系动词（如look、 sound、 smell、 feel、 taste、 remain、 seem、 hear、 appear、 prove等）后接表语时，一般用主动形式表示被动意义。
The food tastes delicious.
这种食物尝起来美味可口。
What he said at the meeting sounded encouraging.
他在会上说的话听起来令人倍受鼓舞。
2.当 wash、 write、 sell、 open、 close、 shut、 lock、 cook等不及物动词后加副词（easily、 well等）时，通常用主动形式表示被动意义。
This kind of cloth washes easily and lasts long.
这种布料容易洗，并且经久耐用。
The pen my father gave me as a birthday gift writes smoothly.
父亲作为生日礼物给我的钢笔写起来很流畅。
3.need、 want、 require、 deserve等后可以用动词-ing形式的主动形式表示被动意义。
His hair needs cutting.
→His hair needs to be cut.
他的头发需要剪了。
4.be worth doing 可转换为be worthy to be done，用主动形式表示被动意义。
The novel is worth reading again.
→The novel is worthy to be read again.
这部小说值得再读一次。
【即时演练3】 用所给动词的适当形式填空
①His books sell （sell） well， so they will be sold out soon.
②This cheese doesn’t cut （not cut） easily.It’s too soft.
③These small trees need taking/to be taken （take） good care of.
on a ...basis 根据；以……的方式（基准）
【教材原句】 money paid for work or services， typically on a daily or weekly basis
通常以每天或每周一次为工作或服务支付的钱
【用法】
（1）basis n. 基础；基准；方式；原因 on a daily/weekly basis 每天/每周 on a regular basis 例行地；有规律地；定期地 on the basis of 在……的基础上；基于；根据 （2）base v. 以……为据点（或总部等）；把（总部等）设在 base ...on/upon 把……建立在……的基础上 be based on/upon 以……为基础/根据
【佳句】 The company holds training sessions on a regular basis to improve employee skills.
公司定期举办培训课程，以提高员工的技能。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①You should base your conclusion on/upon careful research.
②On the basis of these facts， we can draw the conclusion that he is guilty.
③ Based （base） on historical facts， Romance of the Three Kingdoms is popular among all the Chinese people.
【写美】 完成句子
④I strongly recommend that you （should） base grouping on students’ exam grades .
我强烈建议你应该将分组建立在学生的考试成绩之上。 （2023·新课标Ⅰ卷）
维度一：基础题型练
1.（2023·新课标Ⅰ卷） I was informed （inform） that I won the first prize in the writing contest and that there would be an award presentation in two days.
2.The artist was sure he would be chosen （choose），but when he presented his masterpiece to the emperor’s chief minister， the old man laughed.
3.The poems， whose topics can be sports， diet and school life， must be written （write） in English.
4.Though we don’t know what was being discussed， yet we can feel the topic has been changed （change）.
5.Much progress is being made （make） in China with the help of the people’s hard work.
6.The shop owner told me that the girl had been taken （take） to the hospital because of her serious illness.
维度二：语法与写作
1.上周日我们学校举行了五公里越野赛跑活动。
The 5-kilometre cross-country running race was held by our school last Sunday.
2.他回到学校时作业还没做完。
His homework hadn’t been finished when he came back to school.
3.他的科幻小说在全世界受到了广泛的赞誉。
His science fiction novels are widely praised all over the world.
4.他的小说已经被改编成了一部电影。
His novel has already been adapted for a film.
5.很多人想知道现在是否有新作品正被他创作。
Many people wonder whether new works are being written by him now.
6.到目前为止，张桂梅所在的学校已经有两千多名毕业生考上了大学，她们的命运完全被她改变了。
So far， more than 2，000 graduates of Zhang Guimei’s school have been admitted to/into colleges and their fates have been changed completely by her.
维度三：语法与语篇
用所给词的适当形式完成下面短文。
As 1. is known （know） to all， in the past 70 years， great achievements 2. have been gained （gain） in environmental protection in China. Especially in recent decades， a series of wildlife protection movements 3. have/has been carried （carry） out by the government. As a result， impressive progress 4. has been made （make） in protecting several species， such as the giant panda and the crested ibis （朱鹮）.Nowadays some pandas 5. are fed （feed） by keepers and when they grow up， they 6. will be released （release） into the wild.In 1981， only seven crested ibises 7. were found （find） in Yang County，Shaanxi Province.Since then， breeding programs have helped the population reach over 5，000.
In China， key projects 8. will be set （set） up continually in the future to improve wildlife protection， for example， the ivory （象牙） trade has already 9. been banned （ban） in China.In a word， we are sure that with more and more measures taken， wildlife 10. will be protected （protect） more effectively.
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
（2024·兰州高二下质检）Garry Kasparov， a Russian chess grandmaster， was defeated by IBM’s Deep Blue computer in 1997.
“The winner was not a grandmaster with an advanced PC but a pair of common American chess players using three computers at the same time，” he said.
Human-machine cooperation can improve what each partner does best： humans are great at making creative decisions based on knowledge while computers are good at using large amounts of data to produce information that will feed into human knowledge and decision making.We use this combination of AI and unique human skills every day， often without realising it.A few examples：
Using Internet search engines to find content that will be helpful in preparing for a school task.
Using a translation algorithm （算法） to produce a first draft of a document in a different language， then improving the style and grammar of the final document.
Driving a car to an unknown destination using a smartphone GPS application to go through alternative routes based on real-time traffic information.
Netflix is a great example of this cooperation at its best.By using machine-learning algorithms to analyse how often and how long people watch their content， they can determine how engaging each story is to certain audiences.This information is used by screenwriters， producers and directors to better understand what and how to create new content.
Likewise， architects can rely on computers to adjust the functional aspects of their work.Software engineers can focus on the overall systems structure while machines provide ready-to-use information.Marketers rely on big data to determine how to better understand customer needs and develop better products and services.
None of these tasks could be accomplished by AI without human guidance.On the contrary， human creativity and productivity will be widely used by this AI support， allowing to achieve better quality solutions at lower costs.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。在科技飞速发展的今天以及明天，人与科技的关系将会怎样呢？答案永远是——人机合作。
1.What defeated Garry Kasparov in 1997 in his opinion？（ ）
A.The excellent computer skills.
B.The advanced high technology.
C.The first-class chess grandmaster.
D.The combination of man and machine.
解析：D 细节理解题。根据第二段可知，俄罗斯象棋大师Garry Kasparov认为，打败他的不是一位使用高级电脑的象棋大师，而是两位普通棋手和三台电脑的合作。
2.What does the author want to stress by giving some examples in Paragraphs 4～6？（ ）
A.Human-machine cooperation is very easy.
B.Human-machine cooperation is quite common.
C.New technology is widely used in our lives.
D.New technology benefits people in many ways.
解析：B 细节理解题。一般来说，作者在举例之前都会先表明自己的观点，因为举例是为了证明自己的观点。因此，A few examples前面的句子（说明人工智能与人类合作的普遍）正是作者举例的目的。
3.What’s the final purpose of Netflix’s using machine-learning algorithms？（ ）
A.To improve its products. B.To lower its product costs.
C.To gather more information. D.To understand its audiences.
解析：A 细节理解题。根据倒数第三段可知，Netflix利用机器学习算法的确收集了信息也了解了观众，但是其最终目的是提供更优质的内容。
4.What message is conveyed in the last paragraph？（ ）
A.AI will control human beings in the future.
B.Human beings will still matter in the future.
C.Humans will help machines make better decisions.
D.Machines will make humans become more creative.
解析：B 推理判断题。根据最后一段可知，作者认为，在未来人类的创造性将广泛地与人工智能配合发挥作用，离开人的指导很多事情都是无法完成的。
B
（2024·青岛高二下月考）If you ask Generation Z — those born after 1995 and in the 2000s — what the current fashion craze in China is， “new Chinese style” will likely be the answer.After gaining great popularity during this year’s Spring Festival in February， the perfect combination of traditional Chinese aesthetics （美学） and modern style continues to win young people’s hearts during spring and summer， becoming a buzzword in the domestic consumer market.
On social media platforms like Douyin and Xiaohongshu， the “new Chinese style” remains a hot topic.E-commerce data from short video platform Kuaishou showed that in the first quarter of this year， orders for products of “new Chinese style” increased by 700 percent compared to the same period last year.
“Our orders are booked six months in advance， with a compound annual growth rate of over 100 percent in revenue，” says Lin Qi， inheritor of the craftsmanship for making mamianqun， horse-face skirts， and the founder of a clothing brand.The horse-face skirt is a type of hanfu， featuring a high， flat front and pleated （有褶的） sides that originated in the Song Dynasty and became popular in the Ming and Qing Dynasties.
In 2016， Lin started creating unique horse-face skirts， initially selling only a dozen pieces in a year.In just a few years， the annual sales volume of horse-face skirts her company made has soared to an impressive 100，000 pieces.
The horse-face skirt has evolved into a more diverse fashion item.To cater to different occasions， it now comes in various lengths， from full-length to midi-and knee-length.To meet the demands of various seasons， the fabric has also seen improvements， transitioning from thick wool knits to lightweight cotton， linen and silk.
“The popularity of the horse-face skirt is closely related to the growing interest in traditional culture.Consumers not only pay for the clothing itself but also appreciate the aesthetic significance and cultural value it carries.This phenomenon reflects the general public feel pretty confident about our traditional culture，” says Yang Xiaodong， vice-president of the China National Garment Association.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。如果你问Z世代（95后和00后），目前中国的时装热潮是什么，“新中式服装”可能会是答案，而马面裙是其中的典型代表。
5.What makes the “new Chinese style” popular？（ ）
A.Its traditional Chinese aesthetics.
B.Its combining the old and the new.
C.Its modern and fashionable designs.
D.Its being sold on social media platforms.
解析：B 细节理解题。根据第一段中的the perfect combination of traditional Chinese aesthetics （美学） and modern style continues to win young people’s hearts可知，新中式服装凭着将中国传统美学与现代风格完美结合而继续赢得年轻人的心。
6.What can we learn about the horse-face skirt？（ ）
A.It’s pleated on the front.
B.It’s pleated on both sides.
C.It was first worn by soldiers.
D.It has a history of over 1，200 years.
解析：B 细节理解题。根据第三段可知，马面裙是汉服的一种，其特点是前面平整，侧面打褶；马面裙起源于宋朝，并在明朝和清朝流行起来。
7.What does the underlined word “soared” in Paragraph 4 mean？（ ）
A.Changed. B.Improved.
C.Increased. D.Developed.
解析：C 词义猜测题。根据第四段画线词前面的initially selling only a dozen pieces和画线词后面的to an impressive 100，000 pieces可知，马面裙的销量大幅增长了。因此画线词与C项意思相近。
8.What’s behind the popularity of the horse-face skirt according to Yang Xiaodong？（ ）
A.People’s following the fashion.
B.People’s preference for the past.
C.People’s seeking to be different.
D.People’s strong cultural confidence.
解析：D 推理判断题。根据最后一段可知，Yang Xiaodong认为，马面裙的火爆说明人们对传统文化的兴趣以及信心。
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
（2024·郑州高二下期末）Every day thousands of teens wake up afraid to go to school.Bullying （欺凌） is a problem that affects millions of students.
Both guys and girls can be bullies.9.（ ） They like to control others and generally focus on themselves.They often have poor social skills and poor social judgment.Sometimes they have no feelings of empathy or caring towards other people.
Although most bullies think they have the right to push people around， others are actually insecure.10.（ ） And some bullies act the way they do because they’ve been hurt by bullies in the past — maybe even a bullying figure in their own family， like a parent or other adult.
Some bullies actually have personality problems that don’t allow them to understand normal social emotions like guilt， empathy， compassion， or regret.11. （ ）
All of us have to deal with a lot of difficult situations and emotions.When some people feel stressed， angry， or frustrated， picking on someone else can be a quick escape — it takes the attention away from them and their problems.Some bullies learn from firsthand experience.Perhaps name-calling， putdowns， or physical force usually happen in their families.12.（ ）
If you find it hard to resist the temptation to bully， you might want to talk with someone you look up to.13.（ ） If you have trouble figuring this out （many people who bully do）， you might ask someone else to help you think of the other person’s side.
If you would rather that people see your strength， find a way to use your power for something positive rather than to put others down.
A.Nobody wants to be bullied.
B.Bullying is very common among students.
C.Many bullies share some common characteristics.
D.Try to think about how others feel when you hurt them.
E.These people need help from a mental health professional.
F.Whatever the reason， though， it’s no excuse for being the bully.
G.They put other people down to make themselves feel more powerful.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。校园欺凌在世界各国都非常普遍。作者分析了其背后的原因，并告诫我们不要实施欺凌。
9.C 下文介绍了欺凌者普遍具有的一些特点，C项正好是概括性的论述，符合语境。
10.G 根据上下文可知，有些欺凌者自己本身也缺乏安全感，过去他们可能也是受害者。其结果则是通过欺凌比自己更弱的人获得一种自我强大的感觉。故G项符合语境。
11.E 上句指出有些欺凌者存在性格上的缺陷，这样的人自然需要寻求专业人士的帮助。故E项符合语境。
12.F 上文指出当我们遇到一些不良情绪时往往会找他人出气或发泄，这说明欺凌有其原因。尽管如此，作者建议我们不能以此为借口实施欺凌。故F项符合语境。
13.D 下文建议我们考虑对方（受欺凌者）的感受，也就是进行换位思考。故D项符合语境。
Ⅲ.完形填空
（2024·无锡高二下期末）In 2002， we were on our usual weekend adventure in suburban Pearl River.But unlike other weekends， on this day a 14 was waiting in our driveway： two adult geese and a gosling （小鹅）.The adults were frightened by us and 15 leaving their baby behind.
The tiny little thing was wandering around our yard.We called him Peeper.Days 16 into weeks， and weeks into months， until almost a year passed.We 17 into a routine filled with feathery hugs and care.Part of this 18 included Dad sending Peeper up into the air so he could fly a loop （圈） around the house， coming back.
One evening， my uncle came over and my dad wanted to show him Peeper’s loop.He 19 him up in the air， but this time， Peeper flew off.Twenty years passed and Peeper became a fond 20 for my family.
Geese live to be around 25 years old and are very 21 .They never forget their first home.
Even so， it came as a shock when a（n） 22 adult goose made his way back to my family home.After two weeks of his coming back repeatedly， it became clear this was not a 23 goose.He did all the things Peeper used to.He also 24 to the name Peeper turning his head and waddling （摇摆走） closer to us.To my 25 ， my old best friend had returned， 20 years later.
It’s possible that he is longing for his early 26 .He doesn’t come back every single night.Some nights he may seek the comfort of his own kind at the 27 nearby.Geese in the wild typically sleep on water.But he’s here a lot， making his 28 known and giving me joy.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。作者一家在周末探险的时候捡到一只名叫Peeper的鹅并带回家。一年后，当作者一家已经习惯了Peeper的存在时，Peeper飞走了；20年后Peeper又回来了，给作者和家人带来了惊喜和安慰。
14.A.wonder B.surprise
C.couple D.visitor
解析：B 根据上文But unlike other weekends可知，这个周末和其他周末不同，有惊奇的事情。
15.A.hid behind B.slipped up
C.flew away D.backed off
解析：C 根据上文The adults were frightened by us可推断，成年鹅飞走了，留下了它们的孩子。
16.A.passed B.turned
C.broke D.advanced
解析：B 根据下文and weeks into months， until almost a year passed可知，周变成月，月变成年，日子一天天过去了。
17.A.compromised B.made
C.scheduled D.settled
解析：D 根据上文可知，日复一日，我们已经习惯了和小鹅一起的生活。settle into a routine意为“融入常规”。
18.A.relationship B.hug
C.routine D.pattern
解析：C 根据上文We 17 into a routine filled with feathery hugs and care.可知，本句中的this就是指代上文的这个常规。
19.A.urged B.dragged
C.threw D.blew
解析：C 根据上文One evening， my uncle came over and my dad wanted to show him Peeper’s loop.可知，我爸爸想表演的是把鹅扔向空中飞一圈。
20.A.memory B.figure
C.subject D.member
解析：A 根据上文but this time， Peeper flew off可知，Peeper飞走了，所以成了我家人美好的回忆。
21.A.sensitive B.active
C.friendly D.loyal
解析：D 根据下文They never forget their first home.可知，鹅是忠诚的。
22.A.young B.aging
C.frightening D.cautious
解析：B 根据上文Twenty years passed ...for my family.可知，过了20多年后，这只年老的鹅回来了。
23.A.random B.rude
C.regular D.new
解析：A 根据下文He did all the things Peeper used to.可知，这只鹅就是Peeper，而不是随便的一只鹅。
24.A.interrupted B.repeated
C.responded D.cheered
解析：C 根据下文turning his head and waddling （摇摆走） closer to us可知，我们叫Peeper，它有反应。
25.A.amazement B.satisfaction
C.horror D.disappointment
解析：A 根据下文old best friend had returned，20 years later可知，作者是很惊讶的。
26.A.home B.parents
C.nature D.stories
解析：A 根据下文可知，夜晚它可能会在附近的湖上寻找自己同类的安慰，渴望早点回家。
27.A.lawn B.lake
C.shelter D.branch
解析：B 参见上题解析。
28.A.habit B.name
C.intention D.presence
解析：D 根据上文But he’s here a lot可知，它想让大家知道它的存在。
Ⅳ.语法填空
We live in a world filled with high technology.I have no idea 29. to help our four-year-old son develop a healthy relationship with technology.On 30. one hand， I feel that screens are an addiction for me， and I don’t want him 31. （control） by devices.On the other hand， I know that I have gained so much from the connection that my devices provide， and I also want my kids to be fluent in the tools of 32. （they） generation.
Despite my love of technology， and my belief 33. my smartphone improves my life， I don’t think I have a healthy relationship with it.The first time I realised this was when a friend stopped 34. （talk） during a meal when I was looking up something related to our conversation on my phone.I also check my phone first thing in the morning.When Apple’s ScreenTime feature 35. （come） out， I was ashamed by the number of hours I used my phone and the number of times I opened it， and， most 36. （important）， I found myself checking for updates when I was spending time with family and friends.
Despite being ruled by technology， I still wish I 37. （be） better at it.I check my phone all the time， but I often fall behind on messages， and I feel very “non-native” to social media.I wish I checked my phone 38. （little）， but I also wish I connected more online.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。作者阐述了自己所面临的一个困惑——如何正确处理自己与科技之间的关系。
29.how 这里“特殊疑问词how＋动词不定式”结构作名词idea的同位语。
30.the on the one hand ...on the other hand ...是固定句型，表示“一方面……另一方面……”。
31.to be controlled 这里动词不定式短语作宾语补足语，因为表示被动概念，应用其被动式。
32.their 本空后的generation是名词，因此这里用形容词性物主代词。
33.that 本空后面是说明前面名词belief的具体内容，因此这里用连词that引导一个同位语从句。
34.talking 这里表示朋友停止讲话，因此用stop doing形式。
35.came 苹果公司的ScreenTime软件上市发生在过去，因此这里用一般过去时。
36.importantly 本空所填词修饰后面整个句子，因此用副词importantly。
37.were wish一词后面用虚拟语气，因此用系动词were。
38.less 下句中的more一词暗示这里也应该用形容词的比较级形式，故填less。
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