【培优方案】UNIT 4　 Never too old to learn（讲义）（教师版）英语选择性必修第四册（译林版）

单元质量检测（四）　Never too old to learn
（满分150分，时间120分钟）
第一部分　听力（共两节，满分30分）
第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1.What are the speakers probably doing？（　　）
A.Preparing for camping.
B.Buying sleeping bags.
C.Cleaning up the car.
2.Where does the woman want to go？（　　）
A.Chicago.　　　B.Atlanta.　　　C.Denver.
3.How does the woman feel？（　　）
A.Satisfied.　　B.Discouraged.　　C.Excited.
4.Where are the speakers？（　　）
A.At home.
B.In the office.
C.In the stadium.
5.What’s the woman’s attitude to McDonald’s？（　　）
A.Supportive.　　B.Neutral.　　C.Opposed.
第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）
　　听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
6.What shoe size does the man want？（　　）
A.Size 7.　　B.Size 8.　　C.Size 10.
7.How much will the man pay？（　　）
A.$32.　　B.$36.　　C.$40.
听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。
8.What did the girl do for the dance？（　　）
A.She did the cleaning.
B.She did the decorating.
C.She did the dishwashing.
9.When was the dance held？（　　）
A.On Friday night.
B.On Saturday night.
C.On Sunday night.
听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。
10.What does the woman say about her apartment？（　　）
A.It has two bedrooms with a big kitchen.
B.It has two bedrooms with a small balcony.
C.It has one bedroom with a large balcony.
11.How much should the man pay the woman if he hires the apartment？（　　）
A.About $100.
B.About $200.
C.About $400.
12.When will the woman meet the man？（　　）
A.On Wednesday.
B.On Thursday.
C.On Friday.
听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。
13.What does the man enjoy most about the course？（　　）
A.Meeting famous musicians.
B.Organising every detail of it.
C.Hearing young musicians play.
14.How does the man advertise the course？（　　）
A.Through the Internet.
B.Through the university.
C.Through the TV show.
15.What is required to join the course？（　　）
A.Perfect performances.
B.Basic English skills.
C.Good looks.
16.Why isn’t the countryside a good choice？（　　）
A.The cost is high.
B.The space is limited.
C.The transport is inconvenient.
听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。
17.How many people in America go rock climbing？（　　）
A.More than ten million people.
B.Around nine million people.
C.About five million people.
18.What does rock climbing require according to the speaker？（　　）
A.Strength and strong will.
B.Strong will and high energy.
C.Good balance and strength.
19.How many kinds of rock climbing are mentioned？（　　）
A.Two.　　B.Three.　　C.Four.
20.According to the speaker， who should attempt to go rock climbing alone？（　　）
A.Only the very best in the sport.
B.Only the young climbers.
C.Only people who have experience in groups.
答案：1－5　ABBAC　6－10　BBBAC
11－15　BCCAB　　 16－20　CBCBA
听力材料：
（Text 1）
W：Dad， I think we’ve got everything in the car.
M：Really？ I don’t think the tent is going to fit. And the sleeping bags and fishing equipment take up a lot of space， too.
（Text 2）
M：You can change planes in either Chicago or Denver.
W：You mean there’s no direct flight from New York to Atlanta？
（Text 3）
M：Cindy， how are you getting along with the translation work？
W：I have written and rewritten so much that I don’t know if I’ll ever get it finished.
（Text 4）
W：What is the time？
M：It’s a quarter past nine by my watch.
W：My favourite program Sing！ China will be on soon. Don’t switch the channel.You can turn to the computer for your favourite football match.
（Text 5）
W：What do you think of McDonald’s？
M：It’s a good place for children—good foods and a safe place for them to have fun.The foods are of great quality and children love the chips there.
W：No， I don’t agree.Look， how fat some of the children in this city are！ Keep your children away from fatty food.
（Text 6）
W：Good morning， sir.May I help you？
M：Oh， yes.I’m looking for a pair of sports shoes in size 8.
W：OK.Follow me， please ... What do you think of this pair？
M：They look nice.How much are they？
W：They are 40 dollars， but I can give you a 10 percent discount.
M：Good.
（Text 7）
M：Where were you this morning？
W：This morning？ I was at home， helping my mother.We don’t have classes on Saturday， you know.
M：Why weren’t you at school？ Weren’t you on the clean-up committee for the dance？
W：No， I wasn’t on that committee.I was on the decorating committee.
M：Oh！ Well， the decorations were very nice.
W：We worked on them all day Friday. Were you at the dance last night？
M：Yes， I was.I didn’t see you there.
W：I was there， but there were a lot of people， and I didn’t stay very long.
M：It was a nice dance， wasn’t it？
W：Yes， I enjoyed it very much.
（Text 8）
M：Hello！ I’m calling about the apartment you have advertised in today’s Daily Mail.
W：Yes.I will have a trip， so the house will be empty for two weeks.
M：Great！ I’d like to hire a short period of time.Two weeks is just enough. Could you introduce your apartment to me？
W：Sure.It’s a one-bedroom apartment with a big balcony. But it has a small kitchen.
M：That’s just my cup of tea.What’s the price？
W：$400 per month. You need only to pay for electricity， for gas and water are included.And you can use the parking lot free of charge.
M：Sounds good.Then I can save some money.May I come over tomorrow to take a look？
W：Today is Wednesday.How about the day after tomorrow？ I’ve got an appointment tomorrow.
M：OK.
（Text 9）
W：My guest today is Tim Jones， who organises an international summer course for young musicians.Tim， tell us all about it.
M：Well， I’m lucky to have such a great job.Basically， young musicians come from all over the world and learn to play together to have a concert tour.By the end of the eight-week course， they’re really good， and hearing them play is what gives me most pleasure.Unfortunately， I don’t get to know them all that well， as organising every single small thing of the course keeps me busy.
W：So， how do you find the young musicians？
M：We advertise online.Anyone between the ages of 16 and 20 can complete the application form and e-mail it to us.We’re not looking for the perfect performance or the good-looking stars of tomorrow.But the course is in English， so a basic level of spoken language is necessary.
W：Where is the course held？
M：Mostly in a university during the summer holidays.They have halls for practicing， and plenty of bedrooms and dining rooms， which is a low cost for us.And of course， convenient transport is a must， so somewhere in the quiet countryside is no good， even though it is more spacious there.
（Text 10）
　　Some people say the higher you climb， the harder you fall. But those people probably would not be rock climbers.About nine million people go rock climbing in the United States.Millions more take part in the activity around the world.Rock climbing can be dangerous.But there are a lot of methods and equipment that can increase a climber’s safety.Climbing takes strength， control， and good balance.Climbers have to pull themselves straight up the face of very high rocks or walls.So they have to be strong enough to carry their own weight.And climbers sometimes have to hold on to rocks by only their fingers or toes.There are several kinds of rock climbing.Traditional rock climbing is done outside.Climbers wear ropes and attach equipment to the rocks.They also connect their ropes to the equipment.If a climber slips， a rope can stop him from falling.Sport climbing is similar.However， in that sport， the safety equipment is permanently placed in the rock.There is also indoor climbing.Rock walls made of wood or concrete have places for the climber’s hands and feet.Climbers use their legs to climb； arms and hands are for position and balance.People almost always climb in groups of two or more.Climbing alone is very dangerous.Expert rock climbers say only the very best in the sport should do it.
第二部分　阅读（共两节，满分50分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
　　阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Photo Contest
Entry Categories
1.Photo Competition
Theme：“Connect”
Entry format： Single photo or photo story （two to five images）
Any equipment can be used.
No age restrictions.
2.Short Film Competition
Theme：“Passion”
Entry format： 180 to 300 seconds long video
Any equipment can be used.
If any language is used within the video， English language subtitles （字幕） must be included.
Entrants must be 25 years of age or younger.
Prizes
Award name Competition No.ofWinners Prizes
Grand Prize Photo Competition 1 $3，000
Short Film Competition
Excellence Award Photo Competition 2 1.$2，000 2.An instant print camera
Short Film Competition 2 1.$2，000 2.A camera with video output function
Special Encouragement Award Photo Competition 4 1.$1，000 2.An instant print camera
Short Film Competition 4
Entry Period
Photo Competition
22 October to 25 December
Short Film Competition
26 October to 8 December
Note：
1.Entry is limited to original works that have not formerly been displayed or exhibited as any visual medium.
2.Works that have won prizes in other contests or that have been submitted to other contests currently underway， including similar works， are not acceptable.Even works that are entered in other competitions after submission to this contest will be regarded as having been submitted to other contests currently underway.
语篇解读：本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了某摄影比赛的具体内容。
21.What do the two competitions have in common？（　　）
A.They allow any equipment.
B.They share the same theme.
C.They have no age restrictions.
D.They accept entries from other contests.
解析：A　细节理解题。根据Entry Categories部分的介绍可知，这两项竞赛的相同之处是对于参赛选手所使用的设备不作限制。
22.What can Special Encouragement Award winners get？（　　）
A.$3，000.
B.$2，000.
C.$1，000 & an instant print camera.
D.$1，000 & a camera with video output function.
解析：C　细节理解题。根据Prizes部分中Special Encouragement Award一栏可知，“特别鼓励奖”获得者的奖励是一千美元及一台拍立得相机。
23.What is the deadline for submissions to Photo Competition？（　　）
A.22 October.　　　　 B.26 October.
C.8 December.　　 D.25 December.
解析：D　细节理解题。根据Entry Period部分的Photo Competition 22 October to 25 December可知，照片竞赛参赛作品的最后提交日期是12月25日。
B
　　I was born in 1990 — the year of the white horse.A girl born under this zodiac （生肖） is believed to have a wild， steed-like （骏马般的） spirit that will block her fortunes， bringing her family trouble.These beliefs were planted in my mind as a girl growing up in South Korea.I was repeatedly told to fight against my steed-like spirit and instead try being still， gentle， and quiet.
　　Actually， when I was young， I loved exploring the mountainous trails behind our house， examining the various soil layers in nearby fields， and generally running wild outdoors.I often returned home with soiled clothes.
　　In high school， I settled on a quiet career choice： I would become a lawyer.However， when I was accepted into a prelaw program， I found the courses boring.That’s when a teacher said，“You could always get a science degree， and go back into law.”
　　I took her advice and landed in the United States to study geology （地质学）. Shortly thereafter， though， culture shock set in.I was not ready for the intense physical requirements of my field courses.One 6-week summer course required strenuous （费劲的） hikes， camping in extreme heat， and heavy lifting.My cultural upbringing had discouraged such “wild” activities and I had never gone on extended hikes or camped before.But other women in my program were an inspiration.I saw beauty in their strength， and I wanted to be like them.
　　By the end of my undergraduate degree， I had fully accepted my love of being a tough girl.And I’d given up on the idea of becoming a lawyer.My parents didn’t quite know what to make of my adventurous field life.But they were supportive when I told them about the change in my career direction.
　　I’m now a postdoc with years of experience collecting samples in challenging field environments， and I’m thankful I resisted the cultural expectations placed on me.My wild， steed-like spirit wasn’t something to suppress （压制）.Instead， it led me to a career that’s a perfect fit for me.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。作者跳出自己的文化圈，选择了适合自己的专业。
24.What can we learn about the author in her childhood？（　　）
A.She was a quiet and shy girl.
B.She was encouraged to study hard.
C.She brought misfortunes to her family.
D.She spent a lot of time exploring the outdoors.
解析：D　细节理解题。根据第二段内容可知，作者小时候喜欢到外面玩，而且经常满身是泥地回到家。
25.What was the reason for the author studying geology？（　　）
A.The bright employment prospect.
B.The difficulty of getting a law degree.
C.Her desire to act against her cultural expectations.
D.Her disappointment at the prelaw program courses.
解析：D　细节理解题。根据第三段中的However， when I was accepted into a prelaw program， I found the courses boring.可知，法律预科课程让作者提不起兴趣，这是导致作者去学地质学的原因。
26.What happened to the author when she started to learn geology？（　　）
A.She was strongly opposed by her family.
B.She was not interested in the field courses.
C.She was not used to doing strenuous activities.
D.She was looked down upon by other women.
解析：C　细节理解题。根据第四段中的I had never gone on extended hikes or camped before可知，最初学习地质学课程时，她不习惯做耗费体力的活动。
27.Which of the following best describes the author’s parents？（　　）
A.Careful.　　　　　　 B.Demanding.
C.Open-minded.　　 D.Far-sighted.
解析：C　推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的My parents ...were supportive when I told them about the change in my career direction.可知，作者的父母对作者放弃学习法律的决定是支持的，因此他们是“开明的”。
C
　　Up until the last decade， the classic gym model for millions of Americans was to grab their iPod， put on their running shoes， and go to the gym alone.With the recent popularization of group fitness classes such as CrossFit， we started to see more gym-goers seeking a more communal environment.Headphones were replaced with high fives and athletes changed their shoes together.However， for many gym-attendees， the routine stayed the same.
　　So the question then remains， what is the best option？ Should you go at it alone or with your crew？ Science says the latter.According to a study by the American Osteopathic Association， group fitness was shown to reduce stress by 26％.“The communal benefits of coming together with friends and colleagues， and doing something difficult， while encouraging one another， are big and go beyond exercising alone，” said Danya Yorks， the lead researcher on the study.
　　Not only that but a study by the Journal of Social Sciences （JSS） found that working out next to a person just a little bit fitter than you might push you to jump on that pull-up bar a little earlier or pull your splits （劈叉） down a bit more， while when we work out alone， we tend to slack off （懈怠） a bit.
　　Think about all the little decisions you make each day around your fitness.Sleep in or go to the gym？ Ice cream or fruit for dessert？ Water or soda？ And so many more.When you’re around like-minded people with similar goals， these decisions become just a bit easier.
　　So next time you head to the gym， grab your friends and hit a team workout or sign up for your local group CrossFit class.You might just be surprised by the effect it can have on your training.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。研究表明，集体锻炼比单独锻炼效果更好。
28.What was typical of many American gym-goers a decade ago？（　　）
A.Joining a fitness class.
B.Exercising to pop music.
C.Giving a lot of high fives.
D.Doing workouts by themselves.
解析：D　细节理解题。根据第一段第一句可知，十年前，美国很多去健身房锻炼的人都是独自锻炼。
29.What might be Danya Yorks’s attitude to CrossFit classes？（　　）
A.Favorable.　　 B.Intolerant.
C.Doubtful.　　 D.Unclear.
解析：A　观点态度题。根据第二段中Danya Yorks的言论可知，他认为几个人一起锻炼的效果比一个人锻炼的效果好。由此可推知，Danya Yorks对CrossFit持肯定态度。
30.Who would make a nice gym partner according to the JSS study？（　　）
A.An early riser.
B.A brilliant talker.
C.Someone in better shape.
D.Someone with a small appetite.
解析：C　细节理解题。根据第三段内容可知，JSS的研究表明，在比自己身材健美的人身边锻炼能够激励我们进行锻炼。
31.What is the best title for the text？
A.Why Should You Hit the Gym with Your Friends？
B.What Is the Latest Fashion for Gym-attendees？
C.What Is the Best Fitness Program for You？
D.Why Should You Do More Exercise？
解析：A　标题归纳题。本文主要介绍了两项研究，其结果均表明：集体锻炼比一个人锻炼的效果好。因此A项为文章最佳标题。hit the gym意为“去健身房”。
D
　　To early childhood educator Erika Christakis， schooling and learning are two different things.According to one study she cites in her well-researched book， The Importance of Being Little， 25％ of Los Angeles kindergarteners were allowed no time at all for free play.Three-and four-year-olds can make discoveries for themselves if given the mental space to do so and freed from typical overscheduled activities.But too often teachers themselves are managed by higher-ups （with too much attention to details）， expected to hew to rigid lesson plans， and given little flexibility.Some say they have little time to bond with their students.
　　“Kids are being too much talked at rather than listened to.” This “crushes （毁坏）” their curiosity.In America， reading， writing， and the cognitive （认知的） demands that have been traditionally introduced in second or third grades have been pushed forward to preschools — to 3-year-olds “who lack the motor skills and attention span （持续时间） to be successful”.Christakis argues that forcing academic rigor （严格） at such an early age has led preschoolers to do worse， not better.
　　She admires the philosophies of Waldorf and Steiner schools， which teach young children handiwork such as weaving or woodwork “as part of an imaginative and story-driven curriculum”.They have nature outings for children aged three to six.They sleep in tents with only their teachers and other children （no texting nor parents allowed everywhere near for days）.They learn from nature and everyday experience， invent their own games， choose their own playmates， and settle their own conflicts.They learn to dress themselves， make meals， and help one another.At night they sing around a campfire.
　　Here at home， early education in Christakis’s telling seems to have been overtaken by well-intentioned politicians who don’t understand the first thing about how children actually learn.Alphabets， slogans， and rhymes on the walls are too much for “young children when they can’t even yet read”.Students need less “desk work” and vocabulary drills， and more talking with and listening to adults who “invite the child to be reflective”， she says.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了Erika Christakis对美国学前教育的观点。
32.Which of the following best explains “hew to” underlined in Paragraph 1？（　　）
A.Give up.　　 B.Break up.
C.Contribute to.　　 D.Stick to.
解析：D　词义猜测题。根据画线部分所在句可知，教师往往需要接受过度关注细节的上级的管理，他们需要“遵守”严格的课程计划，拥有的灵活性很低。有些老师提到他们几乎没有时间与学生建立联系。结合语境可推知，画线部分意为“遵守”。
33.What is Erika Christakis’s opinion on American preschool education？（　　）
A.It focuses too much on traditional subjects.
B.It negatively affects children’s development.
C.It fails to teach children reading and writing skills.
D.It is disconnected from the reality of primary schools.
解析：B　推理判断题。根据第二段内容可知，在美国，一般在二年级或三年级才开设的课程现在已被引入学龄前课程当中。Erika Christakis认为，学龄前儿童年龄尚小，对他们的学习提出严格的要求，只会让他们变得更糟糕，而不是更好。由此可推知，Erika Christakis认为美国的学龄前教育模式给学生的发展带来了负面影响。
34.What does Paragraph 3 tell us about Waldorf and Steiner schools？（　　）
A.They disallow texting in the classrooms.
B.Their communication with parents is effective.
C.They advocate an outdoor learning environment.
D.Their courses rely heavily on teacher involvement.
解析：C　推理判断题。根据第三段中的They have nature outings ...around a campfire.可知，华德福/施泰纳学校会为学龄前儿童提供野外郊游活动。孩子们会从大自然和日常经验中学习，发明自己的游戏，选择自己的玩伴，自行解决冲突。他们会学习穿衣服、做饭、互相帮助，晚上还会围着篝火唱歌。由此可推知，华德福/施泰纳学校提倡户外的学习环境。
35.What do children actually need according to Erika Christakis？（　　）
A.Appropriate learning resources.
B.Stimulating conversations.
C.Repetitive reading exercises.
D.Quality family time.
解析：B　推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句可知，Erika Christakis提到，学龄前儿童需要更少的“案头作业”和词汇练习，他们需要与“能帮助孩子思考”的成年人展开更多的交谈并倾听其话语。也就是说，Erika Christakis认为，孩子们真正需要的是能激励他们的对话。
第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）
　　阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
　　Have you ever committed countless hours to a study session just to end up feeling discouraged because you can’t remember the information？36. （　　） Meet the Feynman Technique， a clear-cut way to improve your understanding of any subject and new material.
　　As Yogi Bhajan， a spiritual teacher， put it， “If you want to learn something， read about it.If you want to understand something， write about it.If you want to master something， teach it.” 37.（　　） The method was named after the Nobel Prize-winning physicist， Richard Feynman.
　　Feynman believed that one of the best ways to study is to think critically and learn deeply to gain a better understanding of an idea.In other words， if you take what you learn and simplify it as if you are explaining it to others who are unfamiliar with the idea， you’ll quickly be able to see where your weaknesses lie.38.（　　） If you can’t simply explain and teach the concept， then you don’t understand it well enough.
　　39.（　　）However， the Feynman Technique can help， especially when you are learning something new， want to broaden your understanding of a complex topic you’ve already learned， or are trying to improve your score in your upcoming exam.While some people spend hours studying without significant results， you can cut the time down with this technique and remember that knowledge for years.
　　40.（　　） As you’re able to comprehend ideas quickly， you’ll slowly start to see improvement in your academic performance.
A.What if there’s a better way？
B.What is the Feynman Technique？
C.Studying is by no means an easy task.
D.The technique is here to help with some simple steps.
E.That’s the fundamental idea behind the Feynman Technique.
F.The goal is to learn by explaining in language that fourth-graders can understand.
G.The next time you find yourself stuck on a complicated topic， use this technique.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一种高效的学习方法——费曼学习法，其核心是用简单的语言将复杂的知识表达出来，让外行人也能听懂。
36.A　上文描写了一种学习困境：花费了数小时学习，结果还是记不住信息；下文提出了解决方法：了解一下费曼学习法，它能帮助人们理解任何主题和新材料。由此可知，设空处是过渡句，应将问题和解决方法联系起来，故A项符合语境。
37.E　上文Yogi Bhajan指出，如果你要学习一些事物，请阅读它；如果你要理解一些事物，请写下它；如果你要掌握一些事物，请教授它。结合第三段对费曼学习法的介绍可知，如果你能用简单的语言将所学知识表达出来，让不熟悉这一知识的人也能明白，你就真正掌握了这一知识。由此可知，Yogi Bhajan所说的话和费曼学习法的内涵是一样的，故E项符合语境。E项中的That指代Yogi Bhajan所说的话。
38.F　设空处上文具体介绍了费曼学习法的核心所在。F项承接这一概念，指出“此方法的目的就是使用四年级学生能够理解的语言来解释概念，从而掌握知识”，符合语境。F项中的fourth-graders can understand进一步说明了上句中的simplify it。
39.C　根据设空处后面的However可知，设空处应与the Feynman Technique can help构成转折关系，故C项符合语境。
40.G　设空处为本文总结部分，后一句指出“当你能够快速理解概念时，你会慢慢看到自己的学习成绩有所提高”，由此可知，设空处应再次强调费曼学习法的有效性，G项（下次当你发现自己无法理解一个复杂的话题时，使用此方法）符合语境。
第三部分　语言运用（共两节，满分30分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
　　阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
　　My first word was probably “Why？” My toddler questions weren’t the 　41　 ones like “Why is the sky blue？” 　42　， they leaned more toward “Why can’t I have another cookie？” I was a strong-willed child with an inquiring mind.Mom knew how to 　43　 me from the start.When she 　44　 an explanation， she’d often say，“It’s always okay to ask questions.” If I 　45　 she’d reply with a short response and then lead my 　46　 elsewhere by asking me about the games I played with my dolls.
　　When I started elementary school， my questions didn’t end， nor did my mother’s 　47　.She often said， “You won’t learn unless you ask questions.”
　　Once， I was 　48　 my handiwork.I didn’t know how much paste （浆糊） to use， which resulted in more paper sticking on me.In total 　49　， I said， “Mom， I can’t do this！” She replied softly，“Why not？” Together， we worked on 　50　 my handiwork.She asked questions about what needed to be done and let me find the 　51　 on my own.Something else 　52　 as well： Our bond as mother and daughter grew.Mom 　53　 some of her own experiences of growing up.
　　Mom taught me it was always 　54　 to ask and seek out answers.However， there was one question I never had to ask her，“Mom， do you love me？” She always showed it in her encouraging ways.Thanks， Mom， for being such a great role model of 　55　.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。妈妈教给“我”善于提问能够解决一切问题。
41.A.personal　　 B.usual
C.modern 　　 D.direct
解析：B　根据like “Why is the sky blue？”可知，幼儿时期，“我”不问妈妈“天为什么是蓝色的？”这类常见的问题。
42.A.Again　　 B.Besides
C.Thus　　 D.Instead
解析：D　根据下文Why can’t I have another cookie？可知，相反，“我”倾向于问“‘我’为什么不能再吃一块饼干？”这类问题。
43.A.handle　　 B.greet
C.replace　　 D.confuse
解析：A　根据下文中的she’d often say，“It’s always okay to ask questions.”可知，妈妈从一开始就知道怎么应对“我”，每当她给出一个解释后，她总会说：“问问题是个好习惯。”
44.A.questioned　　 B.confirmed
C.finished　　 D.required
解析：C　参见上题解析。
45.A.admitted　　 B.succeeded
C.participated　　 D.insisted
解析：D　根据下文的by asking me about the games I played with my dolls可知，若“我”还是坚持提问，她就会简短回答，然后把“我”的注意力引到别处。
46.A.doubt　　 B.promise
C.attention　　 D.fault
解析：C　参见上题解析。
47.A.responses　　 B.courses
C.donations　　 D.rewards
解析：A　根据上文的When I started elementary school， my questions didn’t end可知，上小学后，“我”仍在不停地问问题，妈妈也在不断地给“我”答复。
48.A.looking at　　 B.working on
C.packing up　　 D.asking for
解析：B　根据my handiwork可知，“我”在做手工艺品。
49.A.freedom　　 B.relief
C.frustration　　 D.curiosity
解析：C　根据上文中的I didn’t know how much paste （浆糊） to use， which resulted in more paper sticking on me.可知，“我”不知道要用多少浆糊，弄得身上粘满了纸。因此，“我”沮丧地对妈妈说：“妈妈，这个‘我’做不了。”
50.A.completing　　 B.finding
C.promoting　　 D.introducing
解析：A　根据Together可知，妈妈和“我”一起完成手工艺品。
51.A.advantages　　 B.suggestions
C.orders　　 D.answers
解析：D　根据She asked questions about what needed to be done可知，妈妈提问具体要做什么，让“我”自己寻找答案。
52.A.delayed　　 B.ended
C.happened　　 D.repeated
解析：C　根据文中的Our bond as mother and daughter grew.可知，在和妈妈一起做手工的过程中，还发生了一些其他的事情：“我”和妈妈的关系更加亲密了。
53.A.recorded　　 B.shared
C.enjoyed　　 D.skipped
解析：B　根据语境可知，妈妈与“我”分享了她的成长经历。
54.A.formal　　 B.same
C.difficult　　 D.okay
解析：D　根据第二段中的You won’t learn unless you ask questions.可知，妈妈教给“我”提问并寻找答案总是个好习惯。
55.A.love　　 B.creativity
C.honesty　　 D.kindness
解析：A　根据上文She always showed it in her encouraging ways.可知，妈妈是“我”的榜样，她通过身体力行为“我”诠释了爱的定义。
第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
　　阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
　　When you think of fruit farmers， what comes to your mind？ Is it 56.　　　　　　 （stress） outdoor work such as watering and picking up fruits all day long？
　　Well， that’s not the case for orange farmers in Hongshan Village in southwest China’s Chongqing Municipality， where 5G — 57.　　　　　　 latest generation of a wireless network — has made a huge 58.　　　　　　 （different）.
　　August is when the orange trees need timely and sufficient watering.In the past， local farmers had to stay in the farmland all day 59.　　　　　　 （achieve） that.They can now complete the task 60.　　　　　　 （remote） via a monitoring and control system tied to their smartphones.
　　That’s only a small part of a smart farming system 61.　　　　　　 （enable） by 5G mobile networks， 62.　　　　　　 promise to revolutionize the traditional farming industry.In a 5G smart farm， wireless sensors connected through 5G can monitor field 63.　　　　　　 （condition） like the weather， air， crop growth， and detect when crops need water or fertilizer as well as their ideal quantities.
　　Smart farming also replaces farmhands with all kinds of smart agricultural machinery and devices， such 64.　　　　　　 agricultural planes and self-driving tractors （拖拉机）.5G networks enable remote control of such devices.
　　To sum up， 5G will make agricultural production 65.　　　　　　 （efficient） than before and improve the produce’s yields and quality.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了5G技术造福重庆市红山村的果农。
56.stressful　考查词形转换。设空处修饰名词outdoor work，本空应用stress的形容词形式，故填stressful。
57.the　考查冠词。形容词最高级前应用定冠词，故填the。
58.difference　考查名词。make a difference为固定搭配，意为“有影响，起作用”。
59.to achieve　考查非谓语动词。设空处作目的状语，故填动词不定式to achieve。
60.remotely　考查词形转换。设空处修饰动词complete，故填remotely。
61.enabled　考查非谓语动词。enable与system之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，故填enabled。
62.which　考查定语从句。设空处引导非限制性定语从句，指代先行词5G mobile networks，且在从句中作主语，故填which。
63.conditions　考查名词复数。condition作“物质环境，状态，条件”讲时为可数名词，设空处后面列出了数种情况，故填conditions。
64.as　考查固定搭配。such as意为“例如”。
65.more efficient　考查形容词的比较级。根据设空处后面的than before可知，设空处应用efficient的比较级形式，efficient为多音节形容词，其比较级形式为more efficient。
第四部分　写作（共两节，满分40分）
第一节（满分15分）
　　假定你是李华。你班上周五举办了一场以Learning from Mistakes为主题的英语学习经验交流会。请你为校英文报写一篇新闻稿，内容包括：
　　1.活动目的；
　　2.活动内容；
　　3.活动反响。
注意：1.写作词数应为80左右；
2.请按如下格式作答。
Learning from Mistakes
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
参考范文：
Learning from Mistakes
　　Last Friday， a workshop themed “Learning from Mistakes” was organized by our English teacher， hoping to help to sharpen our English language skills.
　　During the workshop， student representatives shared the mistakes they had made when learning English， such as using materials that weren’t interesting to them， failing to set achievable goals， and focusing too much on grammar.They also talked about the lessons they’ve learned from their mistakes.
　　This successful workshop has given us students an occasion to reflect on our ways of learning English and find the learning methods that suit us best.
第二节（满分25分）
　　阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
　　（2024·江苏无锡运河实验学校高二下期中）
My Lucky Bamboo
　　My wife Hannah and I don’t usually keep houseplants.Anything in pots gets either overwatered or underwatered.But after my diagnosis （诊断） with a brain cancer， I loved the idea of having something new and green around.
　　My friend Mitch gave me what he said was a lucky bamboo plant in a deep-green container.We placed the plant in the living room window across from the sofa where I spent much of the day.
　　I told Hannah I wanted to care for the plant myself.When it didn’t immediately turn yellow or brown or lose all its leaves， I was pleasantly surprised.
　　Tending to the plant gave me a sense of accomplishment at a time when I sometimes felt useless.The cancer limited my ability to walk， and the treatment left me worn out， making it hard for me to accomplish everyday tasks.As a family physician， I was used to being the one who provided care， not the one who received it.
　　Since my diagnosis， it seemed that I had to rely on help from other people.The enormous change left me feeling unsettled.Watering the plant， as small an act as it was， connected me to a core part of my old identity and taught me I could still be a caregiver.
　　Over the next few months， I recovered from surgery and completed treatment afterwards.Even after I returned to work， I continued to care for the plant.Soon， it had nearly doubled in height and its leaves were shiny.Both the tree and I were thriving （茁壮成长）.
　　Then， surprisingly， it began to show signs of stress.I increased my watering.I fed it commercial plant food.No matter what I did， the leaves kept browning and dropping to the floor.
　　I grew more and more discouraged and uneasy.“I can’t even care for a simple plant！” I yelled.“I’m failing！”Hannah reminded me that we’d seen houseplants die before.She asked me why I was getting so worked up about this particular one.
注意：1.续写词数应为150左右；
2.请按如下格式作答。
　　“If my lucky bamboo dies，” I said， “I might die， too！”　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　As my anxiety decreased， I began to dig into online courses to help me figure out how to care for my ailing （状况不佳的） plant.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
参考范文：
　　“If my lucky bamboo dies，” I said， “I might die， too！” Unable to shake off the feeling that the plant had become a symbol of my own shaky health， I cried tears when I was alone.Now that the tree was struggling， increasing fear seized me， which in turn helped me regain calmness.Sunk into thought， I realized I had wrongly connected my care of the plant — something over which I had at least some control — with my own survival — something over which I had no control.
As my anxiety decreased， I began to dig into online courses to help me figure out how to care for my ailing （状况不佳的） plant.Following the instructions， I transplanted the bamboo to a larger pot to give it room to grow.When it was back in the sunny window， we both began to thrive again.On seeing the tree in its new pot， I couldn’t help thinking of Mitch and the other people who have cared for and supported me.So blessed and grateful were I that nothing in this world could beat me， even the cancer.
17 / 17Section Ⅲ　Integrated skills
写一篇短文投稿，呼吁人们多阅读
　　本单元的写作任务是写一篇短文投稿，呼吁人们多阅读。短文投稿类文章一般都是就某个特定的主题进行论述和描写，以议论文和记叙文为多，它可以用来交流思想、感情，表达主张、见解；也可以用来介绍自己的学习、工作情况和经验等。短文投稿具有宣传、鼓励、教育等作用，它可以把作者的观点、主张与思想感情传达给听众以及读者，使他们信服并在思想感情上产生共鸣。短文投稿写作时要以主题为纲，进一步思考其内涵和外延，联系自己的学习、生活实际，确立写作要点。短文投稿作为日常应用写作中的一种常用文体，一般由开头、主体、结尾三部分组成，有些还根据需要加上了适当的标题。具体的写作结构如下：
一、写作常用词汇
1.literature n.　 文学
2.appreciate vt.　　欣赏
3.have a taste of　　品尝，领略
4.call on sb to do sth　　号召某人做某事
5.be supposed to do sth　　理应做某事
6.appeal to sb to do sth　　呼吁某人做某事
7.better our understanding of ...　　我们更好地理解……
8.make it convenient for sb to do sth　　使某人方便做某事
9.be of equal benefit　　同等有益
10.swing into action　　立即行动起来，马上大干起来
二、写作常用句式（注意加蓝部分的表达）
1.In recent years， with the popularity of reading， students pay more and more attention to reading classic works.
近年来，随着阅读的流行，学生们越来越关注读经典名著。
2.Reading ten thousand books is like travelling ten thousand miles.
读万卷书，犹如行万里路。
3.The more you read， the sharper and more creative your mind will be.
你读得越多，你的头脑就会越敏锐、越有创造力。
4.Read thousands of books and you will be a perfect writer.
读成千上万本书，你就会成为一个完美的作家。
5.Books， like friends， should be few and well chosen.
书和朋友一样，应该少而精。
6.Besides， with digital devices easy to carry around， people can enjoy the fun of reading anytime anywhere on digital devices.
此外，由于数码设备易于携带，人们可以在数字设备上随时随地享受阅读的乐趣。
　　假定你是校学生会主席李华。最近，你校正在开展“读好书，促成长”活动，请你向校英文报写一篇短文投稿，呼吁学生多阅读。内容包括：
　　1.读书的意义；
　　2.读书习惯的变化和存在的问题；
　　3.呼吁多读书。
注意：1.写作词数应为80左右；
2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
第一步：审题谋篇，合理布局
第二步：遣词造句，规范得体
◎核心词汇
1.正如培根所说　 　as Bacon said　
2.开阔我们的视野　　　broaden our horizons　
3.号召某人做某事　　　call on sb to do sth　
4.可接近的，容易得到的　　　be accessible to　
5.使某人方便做某事　　　make it convenient for sb to do sth　
6.更喜欢　　　prefer　
7.应该　　　be supposed to　
8.立即行动起来　　　swing into action　
◎遣词造句
1.正如培根所说，读书使人充实。
　As Bacon said， reading makes a full man.　
2.读书不仅能开阔我们的视野，还能使我们聪明快乐。
　Reading can not only broaden our horizons， but also make us clever and happy.　
3.我写信呼吁大家多读书。
　I am writing to call on all of you to read more.　
4.人们可以很容易接触智能手机，并且它方便了年轻人在线阅读。
　Smartphones are easily accessible to people， and make it convenient for the young to read online.　
5.老年人更喜欢看印刷的书。
　Seniors prefer to read/show preference for these printed books.　
6.你们所有人都应该找到阅读的方法。
　You all are supposed to find a way to read.　
7.无论你喜欢什么书，无论你在哪里买到，只要这本书营养丰富，适合阅读，它都是同样有益的。
　Whatever book you like， and wherever you get it， it is of equal benefit as long as the book is of nutrition and suitable to read.　
8.到了你们所有人行动起来的时候了，准备好读更多的书。
　It’s time for you all to swing into action， ready to read more books.　
第三步：词句升级，彰显文采
1.将句2改成倒装句
　Not only can reading broaden our horizons， but it also makes us clever and happy.　
2.将句4改成非谓语动词作状语
　Smartphones are easily accessible to people， making it convenient for the young to read online.　
3.将句5改成表语从句
　These printed books are what seniors prefer to read/show preference for.　
4.将句8改成虚拟语气
　It’s time that you all swung into action， ready to read more books.　
第四步：检查誊写，连句成篇
　　　As Bacon said， reading makes a full man.Not only can reading broaden our horizons， but it also makes us clever and happy， so I am writing to call on all of you to read more.　
　　　With technology developing， smartphones are easily accessible to people， making it convenient for the young to read online， while these printed books are what seniors prefer to read/show preference for.Therefore， you all are supposed to find a way to read.Whatever book you like， and wherever you get it， it is of equal benefit as long as the book is of nutrition and suitable to read.　
　　　It’s time that you all swung into action， ready to read more books.　
【即时演练】　
　　你校将举办英语演讲比赛。请你以Why Do We Still Need Libraries in the Digital Age？为主题写一篇演讲稿参赛。
注意：1.写作词数应为80左右；
2.请按如下格式作答。
Good morning， dear friends，
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　Thanks for your listening！
参考范文：
Good morning， dear friends，
　　The advance of new technologies has changed our reading habits， but we still need libraries in the digital age.Here are the reasons.Firstly， in libraries we can search published books for more reliable information because we cannot make sure the information we find online is accurate.Secondly， in libraries we can enjoy not only comfortable seats but also a quiet space for deep thinking.Besides， when many people still don’t have access to the Internet， libraries are there for every individual in the community， free of charge.
　　To sum up， even in the digital age， libraries still have their advantages.
　　Thanks for your listening！
Ⅰ.阅读理解
　　An international research team has examined how English lessons in primary school affect language ability in this subject in secondary school.Children who started learning English in the first grade of primary school performed significantly better in listening and reading comprehension in Grade Nine than children who started in Grade Three.The study was a continuation of an earlier paper that had only covered the period up to the seventh grade and couldn’t find any such learning advantage.
　　The team headed by Professor Markus Ritter from Ruhr-Universitat Bochum （RUB） and Dr Nils Jakel from the University of Oulu， Finland， describes their findings in System.The study included data from around 3，000 students who participated in a long-term study conducted in Germany between 2010 and 2014.The same data had also been used in the previous study， the researchers had published the results of which in 2017.At that time， the new research had compared two groups， one of which had started English lessons in Grade One， the other in Grade Three.In grades five and seven， they had compared both groups in terms of English reading and listening comprehension.The new analysis contained another set of data collected in 2016 to measure the English performance of the same children in Grade Nine.
　　The previous study had found that children who had started English lessons earlier in primary school performed worse in reading and listening comprehension in Grade Seven than children who had not started English lessons until Grade Three.However， the new analysis showed that， in Grade Nine， the early starters in English performed better than the late starters in English.
　　“We believe the most acceptable explanation is that lessons following the transition （过渡） period in secondary school have been increasingly adapted to the needs of children who start to take English lessons at an early stage，” concludes Nils Jakelformerly at RUB， now at the University of Oulu.
　　Additional background variables such as gender， language of origin or cognitive abilities could not account for the difference between the poorer performance in the seventh grade and the late learning gains in the ninth grade.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项新的研究，研究者发现在九年级的听力和阅读理解方面的表现上，从一年级开始学习英语的孩子明显优于从三年级开始学习的孩子。
1.What did the early research find？（　　）
A.Students in Grade Nine were smarter than others.
B.Students in Grade Seven were good at learning English.
C.Learning English from Grade One had no learning advantage.
D.Learning English from Grade Three had some learning advantages.
解析：C　细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句可知，早期的研究并没有发现从一年级开始学习英语有语言学习上的优势。
2.How did the team mainly do the new research？（　　）
A.By listing different data and numbers.
B.By making comparisons among different groups.
C.By asking the primary school students to do some tests.
D.By inviting some volunteers to take part in the research.
解析：B　推理判断题。根据第二段中的At that time， the new research had compared two groups ...In grades five and seven， they had compared both groups in terms of English reading and listening comprehension.可知，该研究团队主要采用比较的方法进行研究，得出结论。
3.What can we know about the new research according to Paragraph 3？（　　）
A.The late starters in English performed better than the early starters in English in Grade Seven.
B.The early starters in English performed better than the late starters in English in Grade Nine.
C.It is hard to find an appropriate time to start to learn English.
D.Academic performance has nothing to do with when to start learning English.
解析：B　细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句可知，新研究表明，在九年级，早学英语的人表现得比晚学英语的人好。
4.Where is the article probably taken from？（　　）
A.A website of education research.
B.A book about one’s life story.
C.An advertisement in a newspaper.
D.A magazine of fashion.
解析：A　文章出处题。通读全文可知，文章主要介绍了一项新的研究，研究者发现在九年级的听力和阅读理解方面的表现上，从一年级开始学习英语的孩子明显优于从三年级开始学的孩子。由此推知，这篇文章可能出自一个教育研究网站。
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
　　I’ve always been a bookworm.There’s no place I’d rather be than buried in the pages of a fascinating story， absorbed into another life， another world.5.（　　）， despite the many benefits it brings. So how can we make reading a regular habit？
　　Dedicated reading time.
　　Setting aside some dedicated time every day is a good place to start.Even just 15 minutes a day will see you finish an average-length book in 20 days.6.（　　）， Molly Murray says， “now my husband and I opt to go to bed early with a good book， and this has enriched our lives so much.”
　　Listen to an audiobook （有声读物）.
　　For those who find it tough to ring-fence （留出） time only for reading， audiobooks allow you to multitask.Book blogger Amanda Chatterton says， “They are such a good way to up your reading.7.（　　）， doing jobs around the house or just sitting and relaxing.”
　　Set a challenge.
　　If you’re the kind of person who is motivated by targets， try using websites to set yourself a reading challenge for the year.For example， StoryGraph has a directory of challenges you can sign up for， such as “read the world”.8.（　　）.
　　Connect with book lovers online.
　　9.（　　）. Finding that none of her close friends or family enjoyed reading as much as she did， Tracy Fenton launched “The Book Club” on Facebook seven years ago and has grown it to over 13，000 members since then.“It’s fantastic to be amongst like-minded individuals，” she says.
A.Using online tools to find reading groups near them
B.Taking inspiration from their young son’s bedtime routine
C.You can listen to them in the car， out walking， or in the bath
D.You can always have the experts pick your next book for you
E.It tasks you with reading books by authors from different countries
F.Yet lots of people find it difficult to fit reading into their daily routine
G.There are plenty of ways to build up or discover a reading community online
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了培养阅读习惯的几点建议。
5.F　空前两句介绍了作者十分喜爱阅读。F项（然而，很多人发现很难将阅读融入他们的日常生活）符合语境，与上文构成转折关系。下文中的it指代F项中的reading。
6.B　上文提出的建议是：每天留出一些专属阅读时间。下文介绍了Molly Murray的话语：“现在我的丈夫和我都选择早睡，读一本好书，这极大地丰富了我们的生活”。B项（从他们儿子的睡前习惯中汲取了灵感）符合语境，B项中的bedtime routine与设空处后的go to bed early with a good book相呼应。
7.C　上文说明了选择有声读物可以让你同时处理多项任务，图书博主Amanda Chatterton认为有声读物是提高阅读水平的好方法。C项（你可以在车内、外出散步、洗澡时听书）符合语境，C项中的them指代上文中的audiobooks。
8.E　上文指出：如果设置目标能对你产生激励作用，那么你可以尝试借助网站为自己设定一个年度阅读挑战。例如，你可以报名StoryGraph的一个挑战目录，其中一项挑战为“阅读世界”。E项（它要求你阅读来自不同国家的作者的书籍）符合语境，对上文作出解释说明。E项中的It指代read the world。
9.G　段落小标题指出：与书籍爱好者在线上建立联系。下文讲述了Tracy Fenton在线上平台找到上万名志同道合的伙伴的故事。G项（有很多方法可以建立或发现在线阅读社区）符合语境，G项中的online与小标题中的online构成原词复现。
Ⅲ.应用文写作
　　假定你是李华。你的澳大利亚朋友Amy发来邮件，表示希望你能在线上辅导她学习中国书法。请你给她回复一封邮件，内容包括：
　　1.欣然应允；
　　2.所需准备；
　　3.时间安排。
注意：1.写作词数应为80左右；
2.请按如下格式作答。
Dear Amy，
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
Yours，
Li Hua
参考范文：
Dear Amy，
　　I’m really delighted to hear that you want to learn Chinese calligraphy， and I’m more than willing to help you online.
　　Before classes begin， please make sure your tools are ready for use.Apart from the well-known Four Treasures of Study， I suggest you prepare a tablecloth and a brush holder too.Also， it’s good to set up a calm and organised environment.
　　As for our class schedule， I will be available from 3：00 p.m.to 5：00 p.m.every Saturday.Let me know if this also works for you.
　　Looking forward to our first lesson！
Yours，
Li Hua
7 / 7Section Ⅰ　Welcome to the unit & Reading
Learning for life
　　[1]The more I learn， the better I know how much there is still left to learn.[2]As I journey through my life， I have become aware that acquiring knowledge is not only a means by which you can better understand the world， but also a way of appreciating how much， as an individual， you do not know. The ability to admit this should not be perceived as① a weakness， but as a strength.[3]I once had an art teacher， pointing out that it is not only what you can see that is important， but also what you cannot see.[4]When I drew a still life②， it was impressed upon me that the blank③ spaces between the objects were just as vital to the success of the composition④as the actual objects themselves.Also， as the great educator⑤ Confucius⑥stated， “When you know a thing， to recognize that you know it； and when you do not know a thing， to recognize that you do not know it—that is wisdom.”
　　[1]本句为“the＋比较级 ...，the＋比较级 ...”结构， 表示“越……，就越……”。
　　[2]As引导时间状语从句，意为“当……的时候；随着”； not only ...but also ...连接并列表语；“介词by＋关系代词which”引导定语从句，修饰先行词a means；that和how much分别引导一个宾语从句。
　　[3]动词-ing形式pointing out that ...what you cannot see作定语，修饰teacher； that引导的宾语从句使用了强调句，强调主语what you can see；not only ...but also ...连接两个并列的what引导的主语从句。
　　[4]it作形式主语，真正的主语是that引导的主语从句。“as ...as ...”结构，意为“和……一样”。
　　It is vital to remain lifelong learners in a rapidly changing world.As you progress through life， you may study and work in new environments.Consequently， you will be exposed to⑦ many new ideas， beliefs， practices and learning experiences.Furthermore⑧， the production of knowledge is bound to⑨ grow rapidly.[5]New knowledge is constantly being generated⑩ and what you already know is being revised all the time ， to the extent that it can be difficult to keep pace with the latest developments.[6]Indeed， you may one day do jobs that do not yet exist， use technologies that are not yet developed and resolve problems that are not yet problems！[7]This is not to suggest that there is no need for you to study in school but to acknowledge that refreshing your knowledge through lifelong learning is both essential and beneficial.
　　[5]what引导主语从句；to the extent that意为“达到这种程度以至于……”。
　　[6]句中三个并列结构do jobs、use technologies、resolve problems后面都各自跟了一个that引导的定语从句。
　　[7]there is no need to do sth意为“没必要做某事”；that引导一个宾语从句；refreshing your knowledge through lifelong learning为动词-ing短语作主语。
　　So， how can you proceed ？Firstly， lifelong learning is an attitude.Lifelong learners are those who have an open mind .Be objective and make yourself open to new knowledge and ideas.[8]Do not criticize them or reject them simply because they differ from what you know or believe.At the same time， you need to develop critical thinking skills so that you do not blindly accept new ideas.Instead， you should inquire further to assess the truth of what you are being told.[9]Secondly， take advantage of opportunities for lifelong learning—for example， you could register online and subscribe to e-learning courses， which have become increasingly popular in recent years.[10]You could also visit the local library， where resources are rich and diverse.[11]Finally， understand that it is not sufficient to simply know something or to understand what you know， because for knowledge to have concrete value， it must be applied.Importantly， after its application， there must then follow a review process of analysis， evaluation and improvement so that your comprehension of the world becomes a continuous process.
　　[8]what引导宾语从句，作介词from的宾语。
　　[9]which引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词e-learning courses。
　　[10]where引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词the local library。
　　[11]that引导的宾语从句中，it作形式主语，真正的主语是or连接的两个并列的动词不定式短语。what you know为what 引导的宾语从句，作 understand 的宾语。
　　In summary， in a world of constant change， one should never cease to learn.Lifelong learning will help you develop your skills and further your career， and will boost your sense of self-worth and keep your mind active.Therefore， know what you know and use it； know what you do not know and embrace it； know that you will never know all there is to know and wonder at it.
【读文清障】
①be perceived as 被视为/理解为……
②drew a still life 画静物
③blank adj.空白的
n.空白处，空格
④composition n.构图；构成，成分；作品；作曲艺术
⑤educator n.教育家；教育工作者
⑥Confucius n.孔子
⑦be exposed to 接触，面临；暴露于，暴露在
⑧furthermore adv.此外；而且；再者
⑨be bound to 一定会，很可能会
bound adj.一定会，很可能会；有义务（做某事）
⑩generate vt.产生；生成；引起
all the time 一直
to the extent 到……的程度
keep pace with sb/sth与……步调一致，与……并驾齐驱
resolve vt.& vi.解决；表决；决心，决定
n.决心，坚定的信念
refresh vt.使变新；使恢复精力；使想起
lifelong learning 终身学习
proceed vi.继续，接着做；行进；前往
have an open mind 有着开放的胸怀，愿意听取（接受、考虑）别人的意见（想法）
objective adj.客观的；客观存在的；宾格的
n.目标，目的
criticize vt.& vi.批评，批判，挑剔，指责；评价
differ from 与……不同
critical thinking 批判性思维
inquire vi.& vt.询问，打听
assess vt.评估；评定（性质、质量）；估算；估定（数量、价值）
take advantage of 利用……
register vi.& vt.登记，注册
n.语体风格，语域；登记表
subscribe to 订阅；定期订购（或订阅等）；同意，赞成
subscribe vi.订阅；定期订购（或订阅等）
concrete adj.确实的，具体的；有形的，实在的
n.混凝土
comprehension n.理解力，领悟能力；理解练习
cease vi.& vt.（使）停止，终止，结束
self-worth n.自我价值感
【参考译文】
终身学习
　　我学得越多，就越明白要学的东西还很多。当我走在人生的旅途中时，我开始领悟到，求知不光是让你能更好地了解世界的一种手段，也是洞悉自己作为个体还有多少未知的一种方式。能承认自己尚且无知不应被认为是一种缺点，而应是一种优势。我曾经有过一位美术老师，他（她）向我指出，重要的不仅仅是你能看到的东西，你看不到的东西也很重要。当我在画静物时，我意识到，成功的构图中，物体之间的留白和实际的物体本身一样关键。而且，正如伟大教育家孔子所言：“知之为知之，不知为不知，是知也。”
　　在一个瞬息万变的世界里，保持终身学习是极为重要的。当你在人生旅途中前行时，你可能会置身新环境中学习和工作。因此，你会接触到许多新观点、新信仰、新实践和新的学习经历。此外，知识的产生必然是迅速增长的。新的知识不断涌现着，你已有的认知一直在被修正，以至于难以跟上最新的发展。的确，可能有一天你会从事目前还不存在的职业，使用现在还未开发的技术，解决当下还不是问题的问题！这并不是说学校教育对你来说没有必要，而是承认通过终身学习来更新你的知识是必不可少且十分有益的。
　　那么，该如何做到呢？首先，终身学习是一种态度。终身学习者是那些有着开放心态的人。客观看待事物，让自己接纳新知识和新理念。不要仅仅因为它们与自己的认知或信念不同，就加以批评或拒斥。同时，你需要培养批判性思考能力，以免对新观点一味盲从。相反，当你听到新的说法时，应当进一步探究真相。其次，利用终身学习的机会——例如，你可以在线注册，订阅在线学习课程，近年来这类课程越来越受欢迎。你也可以去本地的图书馆，那里有丰富多样的资源。最后，要明白仅仅是知道某事或理解你所知道的知识是不够的，因为要让知识发挥实际价值，必须对其加以应用。重要的是，将知识付诸实践后，必须随之跟进一个分析、评估和改进的回顾环节，这样你对世界的理解就是一个连续的过程了。
　　总之，在一个日新月异的世界里，一个人绝不能停止学习。终身学习会帮助你提升个人能力，推动职业发展，也会帮助你增强自我价值感并保持思维活跃。因此，要知道自己知道什么并运用所知；要知道自己不知道什么并接纳未知；要知道人生有涯而知无涯，对未知抱有一颗探究之心。
第一步：析架构，理文本脉络
Read the passage quickly and fill in the blanks with suitable words.
第二步：精读文，达明察秋毫
Read the passage carefully and choose the best answer.
1.What is the author’s argument in this text？（　　）
A.We should be critical of new ideas.
B.We should be confident about ourselves.
C.One ought to spend more time learning.
D.One should keep learning throughout life.
2.Why did the author quote Confucius’ saying in Paragraph 1？（　　）
A.To show Confucius’ wide knowledge.
B.To give us a general introduction of Confucius.
C.To show he is in agreement with the famous figure.
D.To suggest admitting what we don’t know.
3.Why should we be lifelong learners in a rapidly changing world？（　　）
①Life can be boring and dull without learning.
②The production of knowledge is bound to grow rapidly.
③It can be difficult to keep pace with the latest developments.
④You will be exposed to many new ideas， beliefs， practices and learning experiences.
A.①②④　　 B.①②③
C.②③④　　 D.①③④
4.Who is likely to become a lifelong learner？（　　）
A.A man who is good at studying.
B.A man who is objective and open-minded.
C.A person who likes to make critical comments.
D.A person who is unwilling to put what he learned into practice.
5.What do lifelong learners need to do in order not to accept new ideas blindly？ （　　）
A.Develop critical thinking skills.
B.Have positive attitudes towards new technology.
C.Make themselves open to new knowledge and ideas.
D.Reject new knowledge that differs from what they know.
答案：1－5　DDCBA
第三步：通词句，学语言表达
1.词汇学习——循规律，记单词
（1）以-sion结尾的名词
①comprehension 理解力，领悟能力；理解练习
②decision 决定
③discussion 讨论
④possession 拥有
⑤explosion 爆炸
⑥conclusion 结论
⑦permission 允许，许可
（2）以re-开头的动词
①refresh 使变新；使恢复精力；使想起
②resolve 解决；表决；决心，决定
③recover 恢复；痊愈
④replace 取代，代替
⑤recall 回忆
⑥reuse 再利用
⑦rebuild 重建
2.美句欣赏——赏佳句，品用法
（1）引用：文中使用了引用名人名言的写作手法。一个恰当的引用可以增强可信度和说服力，引起读者的阅读兴趣，加深读者对阅读内容的理解。
请找出课文中引用名人名言的句子。
　Also， as the great educator Confucius stated， “When you know a thing， to recognize that you know it； and when you do not know a thing， to recognize that you do not know it—that is wisdom.”　
（2）排比：排比是把三个或三个以上结构相同或相似，语气一致的短语、句子或段落成串地排列在一起的修辞手法。使用排比可以增强语言的气势和表达效果。
请从课文中找出排比句。
①　Indeed， you may one day do jobs that do not yet exist， use technologies that are not yet developed and resolve problems that are not yet problems！　
②　Therefore， know what you know and use it； know what you do not know and embrace it； know that you will never know all there is to know and wonder at it.　
Part Ⅰ　核心词汇集释
bound adj.一定会，很可能会；有义务（做某事）；准备前往（某地）
【教材原句】　Furthermore， the production of knowledge is bound to grow rapidly.
此外，知识的产生必然是迅速增长的。
【用法】
（1）be bound to　 　一定会，很可能会 be bound for　　准备前往（某地） （2）be bound by sth （to do sth） 　受（法律、义务或情况）约束（必须做某事）；有义务（做某事） （3）be bound up in sth　忙于某事；热衷于某事 be bound up with　　与……密切相关
【佳句】　While traveling in foreign countries， you’re bound to experience different degrees of culture shock.
在国外旅行时，你一定会体验到不同程度的文化冲击。
【练透】　单句语法填空
①Several hours later， they finally managed to board the train bound 　for　 Beijing.
②He’s too bound up 　in　 his work to have much time for his children.
③You are bound 　by　 the contract to pay before the end of the month.
④The development of highway transportation is closely bound up 　with　 the regional economy.
【写美】　完成句子
⑤If you keep on working hard like this， chances 　are bound to favour you　.
如果你继续这样努力工作，机会一定会眷顾你。
resolve vt.& vi.解决；表决；决心，决定n.决心，坚定的信念
【教材原句】　Indeed， you may one day do jobs that do not yet exist， use technologies that are not yet developed and resolve problems that are not yet problems！
的确，可能有一天你会从事目前还不存在的职业，使用现在还未开发的技术，解决当下还不是问题的问题！
【用法】
（1） 决心做某事，决定做某事 resolve on sth　　决定某事 resolve a conflict/problem/crisis　　解决冲突/问题/危机 （2）weaken/strengthen/test/shake one’s resolve （to do sth）　　削弱/增强/考验/动摇某人（做某事）的决心 （3）resolution n.　　解决；决心，决定；决议 make a resolution to do sth　　决心做某事，决定做某事 （4）resolved adj.　　下定决心的，断然的，坚定的 be resolved to do sth　　下定决心做某事
【佳句】　No hardships can shake their resolve to overcome all obstacles.
环境再艰苦也动摇不了他们征服困难的决心。
【练透】　单句语法填空
①As a considerate husband， he made a 　resolution　 （resolve） not to tell her the truth of her health.
②She was 　resolved　 （resolve） to report the matter to the hospital’s nursing manager.
【写美】　一句多译
③他们决定早点出发，打算在天黑之前到达野营地。
→They 　resolved an early start　， with the intention of getting to the campsite before night fell.（resolve vt.）
→They 　resolved on making an early start/to start early　， with the intention of getting to the campsite before night fell.（resolve vi.）
→They 　made a resolution to start early　， with the intention of getting to the campsite before night fell.（resolution）
refresh vt.使变新；使恢复精力；使想起
【教材原句】　This is not to suggest that there is no need for you to study in school but to acknowledge that refreshing your knowledge through lifelong learning is both essential and beneficial.
这并不是说学校教育对你来说没有必要，而是承认通过终身学习来更新你的知识是必不可少且十分有益的。
【用法】
（1）refresh sb/oneself （with sth） （通过……）使某人恢复精力；清醒头脑 refresh sb’s memory about/of 使某人想起……，唤起某人……的记忆 （2）refreshed adj.　恢复了精力的，精神振作的 feel refreshed　　恢复活力；焕发精神 make sb refreshed　　使某人精神振作 （3）refreshing adj.　　令人耳目一新的；别具一格的；使人精力充沛的；使人凉爽的 （4）refreshment n.　　恢复活力；焕发精神
【佳句】　He walked on the opposite side of the street to refresh his memory of the building.
他走在街的对面，以唤起对这座建筑的记忆。
【练透】　单句语法填空
①They refreshed themselves 　with　 cans of light beer.
②When you need 　refreshment　 （refresh）， try coffee and dessert at a sidewalk cafe.
③Once you stand on the top of the mountain， you will feel quite 　refreshed　 （refresh） afterwards.
④It makes a 　refreshing　 （refresh） change to talk to someone who’s happy.
【写美】　完成句子
⑤If we are under pressure for a long time， doing some exercise can 　make us refreshed　.
如果我们很长一段时间处在压力之下，锻炼可以使我们精神振作。
inquire vi.& vt.询问，打听
【教材原句】　Instead， you should inquire further to assess the truth of what you are being told.
相反，当你听到新的说法时，应当进一步探究真相。
【用法】
（1）inquire sth （of sb）　 询问（某人）某事 inquire about sth/sb　　打听某事/某人 inquire into sth　　调查某事，查问某事 （2）inquiry n.　　调查；查询；询问，打听； （官方的）查问 make an inquiry about　　询问 （3）inquiring adj.　　好问的，爱探索的；探询的，探究的
【佳句】　He went to the hospital to inquire about her.他到医院去打听她的情况。
【练透】　单句语法填空
①She inquired 　of　 me very politely whether I wanted to continue the conversation or not.
②Inspectors were appointed to inquire 　into　 the affairs of the company.
【写美】　完成句子
③　Whenever a customer would inquire about my book　， the volunteer would take them over to the shelf and point to it.每当顾客询问我的书时，志愿者都会把他们带到书架前指向它。
assumption n.假定，假设
【教材原句】　Before the first black swan was seen， the assumption was that all swans were white.
在第一只黑天鹅被看见之前，这个假设是所有的天鹅都是白色的。
【用法】
（1）make an assumption　　作出假设 on the assumption that ...　　假定……，假设…… （2）assume vt.　　假定，假设，认为 assume sb/sth to be　　认为某人/某物…… It is reasonable to assume （that） ...　　认为……有道理 It is （generally/usually） assumed that ...　　（普遍/通常）认为…… （3）assuming conj.　　假如 assuming （that） ...　　假定……，假设……
【佳句】　Try to understand what’s actually happening instead of acting on the assumption you’ve made.
努力去理解实际正在发生的事情，而不是按照你作出的假设去行动。
【练透】　单句语法填空
①We make the 　assumption　 （assume） that his performance is bound to be successful and excellent.
②　It　 is generally assumed that drinking tea can not only refresh ourselves but also strengthen our memory.
③We students assume him 　to be　 （be） the most qualified professor in our school.
④We are working on the assumption 　that　 everyone invited will turn up.
【写美】　句式升级
⑤If you are interested in it， please send an email to 123456@.
→　Assuming （that） you are interested in it　， please send an email to 123456@.（assuming）
Part Ⅱ　中频词汇特训
subscribe vi.订阅；定期订购（或订阅等）
【教材原句】　Secondly， take advantage of opportunities for lifelong learning—for example， you could register online and subscribe to e-learning courses， which have become increasingly popular in recent years.
其次，利用终身学习的机会——例如，你可以在线注册，订阅在线学习课程，近年来这类课程越来越受欢迎。
【用法】
（1）subscribe to 　订阅；定期订购（或订阅等）；同意，赞成 subscribe for　　订阅；订购 （2）subscription n.　　订阅费；会员费；定期捐款 subscriber n.　　订阅人；订购者；定期捐款者
【佳句】　Tim put forward a suggestion that we should subscribe to some magazines which are useful for our work and the department manager subscribed to his suggestion.
蒂姆建议我们订阅一些对我们工作有用的杂志，部门经理赞成他的建议。
【练透】　单句语法填空
①You can subscribe 　to　 the magazine for as little as $32 a year.
②You can become a member by paying the yearly 　subscription　 （subscribe）.
③How many people have subscribed 　for　 the book when it is printed？
【写美】　完成句子
④I have never 　subscribed to the view that　 schooldays are the happiest days of your life.
我从未赞成过这样的看法，以为学生时代是你一生中最快乐的日子。
Part Ⅲ　重点句型解构
句型公式：动词不定式短语作定语
【教材原句】　The ability to admit this should not be perceived as a weakness， but as a strength.
能承认自己尚且无知不应被认为是一种缺点，而应是一种优势。
【用法】
（1）当中心词是序数词或被序数词、形容词最高级及the next、the only、the last、the very等词修饰时，常用动词不定式作后置定语。 （2）动词不定式作定语用来修饰的词是抽象名词，常见的有plan、ability、chance、opportunity、time、way等。
【品悟】　The best way to strengthen willpower is to make it into a habit.
增强意志力的最好方法是把它养成一种习惯。
I don’t think him to be the best man to do the job because he is very careless.
我认为他不是做这项工作的最佳人选，因为他很粗心。
【写美】　完成句子
①He refused to attend the meeting 　to be held the next day　.
他拒绝参加第二天举行的会议。
②I’m going to Beijing next week.Do you 　have anything to be taken to your son　？
我下周要去北京。你有什么东西要带给你儿子的吗？
③Paula is 　the only artist to achieve four number ones　 from a debut album.
保拉是唯一一位在首张专辑中获得四个冠军的艺人。
④You’ll 　have the opportunity to ask any questions　 at the end of the meeting.
会议快结束时，你们将有机会提问任何问题。
句型公式：强调句
【教材原句】　I once had an art teacher， pointing out that it is not only what you can see that is important， but also what you cannot see.
我曾经有过一位美术老师，他（她）向我指出，重要的不仅仅是你能看到的东西，你看不到的东西也很重要。
【用法】
（1）强调句的基本结构：It is/was＋被强调部分＋that/who＋句子其他部分。该句型可对句子的主语、表语、宾语、同位语、状语等进行强调，但不能强调谓语。 （2）强调句的一般疑问句结构：Is/Was＋it＋被强调部分＋that/who＋句子其他部分？ （3）强调句的特殊疑问句结构：疑问词＋is/was＋it＋that＋句子其他部分？ （4）not ...until句型的强调句结构：It is/was＋not until＋被强调部分＋that＋句子其他部分。
【品悟】　It was while at the New York School of Art that he experimented with different materials such as cloth and plastic in his paintings.
正是在纽约艺术学院时，他得以在其绘画作品中尝试像布、塑料等不同的材料。
【写美】　完成句子/句型转换
①　It was his best friend that/who　 he met at the party.
在聚会时他遇到的是他最好的朋友。
②　Was it in the park that　 you met Mr Smith？
你是在公园里遇到史密斯先生的吗？
③　What was it that　 prevented him from coming on time？
是什么使得他没按时来？
④Bach died in 1750， but his musical gift was not fully recognized until the early 19th century.
→Bach died in 1750， but 　it was not until the early 19th century that　 his musical gift was fully recognized.（强调句）
维度一：品句填词
根据所给单词的首字母或汉语提示，写出单词的正确形式。
1.It was so hot that he refreshed　 himself with a cool shower.
2.You should keep your principles and your sense of self-worth　.
3.Confucius is a great thinker as well as an educator　 in Chinese history.
4.Apart from a few grammatical mistakes， your composition　 is well written.
5.Please write your name in the blank　 space at the top of the page.
6.So far twenty of the students have registered　 for the summer online course.
7.I don’t have any 　concrete　 （具体的） data to back up my ideas.
8.He was disappointed that he couldn’t understand this 　abstract　 （抽象的） concept.
9.Try to stay 　objective　 （客观的） about the situation， and this will help you not to become angry.
10.Although he had retired， the professor never 　ceased　 （停止） to chase after his dream.
维度二：词形转换
用括号内单词的正确形式填空。
1.　Assuming　 （assume） that you are hired by the big firm， what shall we do to congratulate you？
2.They made a 　resolution　 （resolve） to lose all the weight gained during the New Year.
3.You just need to fill in and submit a 　registration　 （register） form for a library card.
4.Symphony No.9 is one of Beethoven’s most famous 　compositions　 （compose）.
5.The 　subscription　 （subscribe） can be cancelled within 7 days and you can get your money back.
6.There was widespread 　criticism　 （criticize） of the local government’s handling of the crisis.
7.An official 　inquiry　 （inquire） has been launched into the cause of the accident.
8.Do you want to improve 　comprehension　 （comprehend） in both written and spoken English？
维度三：固定搭配和句式
根据汉语及括号内提示完成下列句子。
1.为了提高英语，我订了一份英语报。（subscribe to）
In order to improve my English， I 　subscribe to an English newspaper　.
2.下次会议上要讨论的问题很重要。（动词不定式作定语）
　The problem to be discussed at the next meeting　 is of great significance.
3.她的女儿是去年夏天从那所大学毕业的。（强调句）
　It was last summer that　 her daughter graduated from the university.
4.他认为英语晚会能让所有的孩子开心。（make＋宾语＋宾语补足语）
He thought that the English party would 　make all the kids happy　.
5.这个小男孩把所有的硬币都存起来，以便给他妈妈买礼物。（so that）
The little boy put every coin in his savings 　so that he could buy his mother a present　.
6.去年我去了那个我上过三年学的学校。（关系副词引导的定语从句）
Last year I went to the school 　where I stayed for three years　.
维度四：课文语法填空
阅读课文内容，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
　　There is always new knowledge to acquire and new skills to develop in our lives， so 1.　it　 is vital to remain lifelong learners in a rapidly 2.　changing　 （change） world.As you progress through life， you may study and work in new environments.Consequently， you will be exposed 3.　to　 many new ideas， beliefs， practices and learning 4.　experiences　 （experience）.Furthermore， the production of knowledge is bound 5.　to grow　 （grow） rapidly.Then how can you proceed as a lifelong learner？ Firstly， lifelong learning is 6.　an　 attitude.Be objective 7.　and　 make yourself open to new knowledge and ideas.Secondly， take advantage of opportunities for lifelong learning.Finally， understand that it is not sufficient to 8.　simply　 （simple） know something or to understand 9.　what　 you know， because for knowledge to have concrete value， it must 10.　be applied　 （apply）.In summary， in a world of constant change， one should never cease to learn.
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
　　One skill that increasingly matters in finding and keeping a job is the ability to keep learning.When technology is changing in unpredictable ways， and jobs are hybridizing （混合）， humans need to be able to pick up new skills.Eric Schmidt， former executive chairman of Alphabet， a holding company in which Google is the biggest member， has talked of Google’s recruitment （招聘） focus on “learning animals” — people who are naturally driven to learn on their own.
　　An emphasis on learning has long been a hallmark of United Technologies Corporation （UTC）.Since 1996， UTC has been running a programme under which its employees can take part-time degrees and have part of tuition fees paid for them， no strings attached.Employers are often unwilling to train staff because they might leave for competitors， taking their expensively gained skills with them.But Gail Jackson， the firm’s vice-president， takes a different view.“It is better to train and have them leave than not to train and have them stay，” she says.
　　Such attitudes are becoming more common.When Satya Nadella took over as boss of Microsoft， he drew on the work of Carol Dweck， a psychology professor， to push the firm’s culture in a new direction.Ms Dweck divides students into two camps： those who think that abilities are innate （天生的） and fixed （reducing motivation to learn） and those who believe that abilities can be improved through learning.This “growth mindset” is what the firm is trying to encourage.It has improved its performance-review criteria to include an evaluation of how employees have learned from others and then applied that knowledge.
　　AT & T， a telecoms and media firm with around 300，000 employees， faces two big workforce problems： rapidly changing skill requirements in an era of big data and cloud computing， and constant labour turnover that leaves the company having to fill 50，000 jobs a year.Recruiting from outside is difficult and expensive.The firm’s answer is an ambitious plan to reskill its own people.The firm has developed short courses， and employees can work in their own time to learn new skills.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了企业越来越重视员工的学习能力的现象。
1.Why is Eric Schmidt mentioned in Paragraph 1？（　　）
A.To stress the importance of learning technology.
B.To prove skills requirements are rapidly changing.
C.To illustrate companies regard learning as a core skill.
D.To compare the hiring philosophies of Alphabet and Google.
解析：C　目的意图题。根据第一段内容可知，就寻找、保住工作而言，有一项技能变得越来越重要，即学习能力。Eric Schmidt曾谈到谷歌的招聘重点是寻找“学习型动物”，即能够主动学习的人。作者通过介绍谷歌的招聘理念，举例说明了企业认为学习能力是一项重要的技能。
2.What does the underlined part “Such attitudes” in Paragraph 3 refer to？（　　）
A.Companies should invest in employee training.
B.Companies should keep an eye on their competitors.
C.Companies should work hard to make their talents stay.
D.Companies should hire people holding an advanced degree.
解析：A　词义猜测题。根据第二段最后三句可知，很多雇主通常都不愿意培训员工，因为这些员工在接受了昂贵的培训且获得技能后，可能会跳槽到竞争对手处。但Gail Jackson持有不同的观点，她曾说：“与其不培训员工并把他们留在公司，还不如让员工接受培训后再离开。”由此可推知，“这种态度”是指企业应该在员工培训方面作出投资。
3.What did Satya Nadella do when he became Microsoft’s CEO？（　　）
A.He divided the employees into two camps.
B.He set a new direction for business growth.
C.He included Carol Dweck into his management team.
D.He promoted a learning culture within the organization.
解析：D　推理判断题。根据第三段内容可知，Satya Nadella在接任微软总裁时，为公司文化制定了一个新方向。他借鉴了一位心理学教授的观点，改进了其绩效评估标准，包括评估员工是如何向他人学习并应用所学知识的。由此可推知，Satya Nadella上任后，在企业内推广了一种学习型文化。
4.What is AT & T’s response to its workforce problems？（　　）
A.Increasing the salary of most employees.
B.Training existing staff to learn new skills.
C.Extending the working time of the employees.
D.Hiring new employees with reliable technical skills.
解析：B　细节理解题。根据最后一段内容可知，AT & T面临着两大劳动力问题，该公司的应对措施是一项宏伟的计划：重新培训自己的员工。该公司开发了一些短期课程，员工能利用自己的时间来学习新技能。由此可知，AT & T的应对方法是培训现有员工学习新技能。
B
　　Agostino Ramelli， the 16th-century Italian military engineer， designed many devices for the changing Renaissance （文艺复兴时期） landscape.His most eye-catching machine was one meant to develop the mind： a revolving （旋转的） wooden wheel with angled shelves， which allowed users to read multiple books at one time.“This is a beautiful and well-designed machine， very useful and convenient for anyone who takes pleasure in study，” Ramelli wrote in Le diverse et artificiose machine， his illustrated masterpiece of mechanical solutions.
　　Ramelli never ended up building this device， but the book wheel has long attracted those who study the history of the book.In 2018， a group of undergraduate engineering students at Rochester Institute of Technology （RIT） set out to build two.They began by seriously studying the Italian engineer’s illustration and then obtained historically accurate materials.With the help of modern power tools and processes， they brought it to life.Today， one wheel is at the Melbert B.Cary， Jr.Graphic Arts Collection at RIT’s Wallace Library， and the other at the University of Rochester’s Rossell Hope Robbins Library.
　　Simpler book wheels did exist before Ramelli’s.Readers in the late medieval period could sit by a machine， which turned open books in a circle along a horizontal plane （水平面）， like a Lazy Susan.Steven Galbraith， who is in charge of the Cary Collection， says that the Italian engineer was trying to improve this design and meet an increasing need to cross-reference books， which were often larger and heavier.Through the 16th century， books were beginning to talk to each other a lot more — one might reference another — so a book wheel could have been convenient.
　　The Cary Collection’s wheel can be used for individual reading research， but it is also often used as a teaching tool. In Russia， the Museum of Languages of the World built its own version as well.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。十六世纪意大利工程师Agostino Ramelli设计的一个复杂而奇妙的装置——书轮，现如今由来自罗彻斯特理工大学的学生们将其变为了现实。
5.What can be learned about Ramelli？（　　）
A.He had an active and creative mind.
B.He built a wheel for people to read books.
C.He contributed a lot to Renaissance literature.
D.He finished Le diverse et artificiose machine at RIT.
解析：A　推理判断题。根据第一段第一句可知，Ramelli设计了很多精巧的装置。由此可推知，他头脑活跃，富有创造力。
6.What is stressed in the second paragraph？（　　）
A.Ramelli’s illustration.
B.Modern power tools and processes.
C.The book wheels made by some students.
D.The improvements made to Ramelli’s wheel.
解析：C　段落大意题。第二段主要讲述了一群来自罗彻斯特理工大学的学生将Ramelli描述的书轮变为现实。
7.What does Galbraith say about Ramelli’s wheel？（　　）
A.It was tailored for quick reference.
B.It was simpler than previous designs.
C.It was usually used on a horizontal plane.
D.It was popular in the early medieval period.
解析：A　细节理解题。根据第三段第三句可知，Galbraith认为Ramelli是为了当时要相互参照书籍的需求而量身打造的书轮。本段中的Lazy Susan意为“餐桌转盘”。
8.What is the author’s main purpose in writing the text？（　　）
A.To discuss.　　 B.To persuade.
C.To entertain.　　 D.To report.
解析：D　写作目的题。本文主要讲述了罗彻斯特理工大学的学生们将意大利工程师Ramelli设计的书轮变为现实这一故事。
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
　　With about a billion English language learners from all over the globe， English is the most popular second language worldwide.But achieving fluency in English doesn’t come without its fair share of difficulties.9.（　　）
　　Mixing up closely related adjectives.
　　English has many adjectives that are similar in both meaning and form， such as bored/boring and interested/interesting.10.（　　） Thus， it’s easy for English learners to accidentally use the wrong one.
　　Forgetting about gender-specific pronouns.
　　In many languages， object pronouns （e.g.him and her） and possessive pronouns （e.g.his and hers） are the same.11.（　　） Therefore， remembering that these pronouns in English take on genders can be demanding for some students.
　　Forming questions in the wrong word order.
　　In many languages， you can simply stick a question mark at the end of a sentence， and your statement becomes a question.12.（　　） Specifically， the statement “You are going to the store” becomes “Are you going to the store？” when it’s framed （表达） as a question.This is easy to forget， so learners often create ill-formed questions like “You are going to the store？”
　　Not knowing when to use the right article.
　　The English language contains 3 articles：“the”“an”and“a”.They come before nouns and confuse learners.As any English teacher knows， it’s extremely difficult to explain the precise rules regarding when to use “the” or “a” — and there are plenty of exceptions.13.（　　）
　　To sum up， there are a lot of places to go wrong when learning English！ However， don’t let this discourage you — as with any language， practice makes perfect.
A.These pairs vary by only a couple of letters.
B.A special feature of English is that all sentences need a subject.
C.In English， however， asking a question often requires a change in word order.
D.This is especially hard for learners whose native language doesn’t have articles.
E.Below are some of the most common mistakes made by English language learners.
F.For instance， in Spanish， “his book” and “her book” are both translated as “su libro”.
G.Here are some of the reasons why so many people are learning the English language.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了英语学习者最常犯的几个错误。
9.E　上文说明了全球大约有十亿英语学习者，但是要流利地使用英语并非易事。根据下文四个小标题可知，E项（下面是英语学习者最常犯的一些错误）符合语境。
10.A　空前一句指出：在英语中，很多形容词在意思和形式上都很相似，比如bored/boring和interested/interesting。下文指出结果，英语学习者一不小心就会用错。A项（这几对词语仅相差几个字母）符合语境，与下文构成因果关系。A项中的These pairs指代设空处前一句中列举的两对形容词。
11.F　空前一句指出：在许多语言中，宾格代词（例如him和her）和物主代词（例如his和hers）是相同的。F项以西班牙语进行举例说明，符合语境。F项中的both translated as “su libro”与设空处前一句中的the same相呼应。
12.C　上文指出：在许多语言中，你只需要在句子末尾加一个问号，就能把陈述句变成疑问句。C项（但在英语中，要想构成疑问句，通常需要改变词序）符合语境，与上文构成转折关系。C项中的word order与小标题中的word order构成原词复现。
13.D　上文说明了英语中有三个冠词：“the”“an”和“a”，英语老师都清楚的一点是，很难解释清楚冠词使用的准确规则，况且还有很多特殊用法。D项（对于母语中没有冠词的学习者来说，这点尤其困难）符合语境。D项中的articles与小标题中的article和上文中的articles构成原词复现。
16 / 16Section Ⅳ　Extended reading & Project & Assessment
My university life
　　[1]I had been waiting with my fellow graduating students for the moment when I would walk out onto the stage to receive my degree certificate①.I was happy and relieved②， yet worried and anxious about the future.What was my first job going to be like？ This short walk was going to launch me into③ a whole new world.How would I manage？ Would I be able to carve out a career④ for myself？My name was called and I moved into the lights.I heard the applause.I knew my parents would be watching and smiling at each other and I tried to relax.I held my certificate against my breast⑤ and smiled at the camera.[2]Before I knew it， the ceremony was over and the curtain⑥ had come down on my university life.Where had the time gone？ Four years had disappeared in a flash⑦.[3]I stood with my certificate in hand and reflected on⑧ those four years.
　　[1]本句是主从复合句。主句使用过去完成进行时had been doing ...； when引导定语从句，修饰先行词moment。
　　[2]本句是and连接的并列句。Before引导时间状语从句，可译为“还未来得及……就……”。
　　[3]句中with my certificate in hand是with复合结构“with＋宾语＋宾语补足语（介词短语）”，在句中作状语。
　　[4]I remembered arriving at university on my very first day， pausing at the gate to look down the long drive⑨.I could feel my hands sweating slightly and I had to hold on tight⑩ to my suitcase.Would I be able to fit in ？ Did this new phase of my life mean that I was now mature enough to be entirely responsible for my own successes and failures？ [5]I took a few seconds to compose myself and to take in the scene that was laid out before me.The campus was alive with people.Anxious parents and excited students were talking in small groups， carrying suitcases or walking in and out of dormitory buildings.[6]I wondered if the first day of school was always such a circus .I took a deep breath and carried on into the heart of the campus.[7]Little did I know that I was about to experience the best four years of my life.
　　[4]动词-ing短语pausing at the gate to look down the long drive作伴随状语。
　　[5]并列的动词不定式短语to compose myself和to take in ...作结果状语；that引导定语从句，修饰先行词scene。
　　[6]if引导宾语从句，意为“是否”，作动词wonder的宾语。
　　[7]该句是倒装句，否定词Little置于句首，句子要用部分倒装。
　　I remembered working on my first assignment .It was a 3，000-word essay on geometry and I wasn’t even sure how to begin the first paragraph .Instead of seeking good advice， I kept putting it off .Rather unwisely， I left it to the last minute.As the deadline approached， I had to stay up all night working on my laptop to complete it.The next day I felt dizzy and started coughing and sneezing .Unsurprisingly， it wasn’t a very good essay.However， this taught me a valuable lesson.[8]As soon as I received the next assignment， I headed straight for the library to find the reference books I needed for my research， and then created an outline followed by a draft .After careful editing and polishing ， the result was a much better essay than the last， and it was ready in my desk drawer days before the deadline.I would stick to this approach for the duration of my studies.
　　[8]句中As soon as引导时间状语从句；主句中headed和created是并列谓语；动词不定式短语to find the ...research作目的状语；I needed for my research为省略that或which的定语从句，修饰先行词reference books；followed by a draft作后置定语，修饰名词outline。
　　I remembered cooperating with my classmates on group projects.Everyone would be assigned a specific task， and my role was usually to produce the presentation .We would meet in the school cafeteria to bounce ideas off each other， and would laugh and argue and laugh some more as we learnt to work together as a team.[9]I realized that learning didn’t have to be a solo effort and that working with other people could be much more stimulating and productive than working alone.
　　I remembered visiting my favourite professor， a tall gentleman with his beard and hair going grey， during his office hours for the first time.Initially， I found his strictness intimidating ， but quickly came to admire him for his vast knowledge and deep understanding of his subject.[10]It soon dawned on me that many university professors are quite willing to share what they know， and they do take a genuine interest in their students’ intellectual development.
　　[9]本句是主从复合句。两个that均引导并列的宾语从句，作动词realized的宾语。
　　[10]It 作形式主语，真正的主语是 that 引导的主语从句；主语从句中又包含 what 引导的宾语从句；do用来强调谓语动词take。
　　[11]I heard my parents’ voices calling me and I returned to the moment.After the graduation ceremony we headed home by train.I looked out of the carriage window at the world speeding by.[12]The journey home gave me time to think about what the future might hold for me.University has changed me.[13]Not only am I now more intellectually prepared for the world of work， but I am also more confident about my own abilities.I have grown as an adult and I have also discovered more about myself.Yes， I am ready for a new phase in my life.
　　[11]句中包含“感官动词（hear）＋宾语＋宾语补足语（动词-ing形式）”结构。
　　[12]句中what引导宾语从句，作介词about的宾语。
　　[13]本句为not only ...but also ...句型。not only置于句首时，not only后面的句子用部分倒装， but also后面的句子不倒装。
【读文清障】
①certificate n.文凭，结业证书；证明，证明书
receive one’s degree certificate
领取学位证书
②relieved adj.释然的；感到宽慰的；放心的
③launch sb into 使某人开始做，使某人投入
④carve out a career创出一番事业
⑤breast n.胸部，胸脯
⑥curtain n.幕，帷幕；窗帘；帘，幔；覆盖物
⑦in a flash 转瞬间，立即
⑧reflect on sth反思某事，反省某事
⑨look down the long drive 望着长长的车道
⑩tight adv.紧紧地，牢固地
adj.牢固的；严格的；密集的；亲密的
hold on tight to紧紧握住
fit in 适应
mature adj.明白事理的，成熟的 vi.成熟，长成；有判断力
be responsible for 对……负责
compose oneself 使自己镇定下来
take in （一下子）看清，看明白；收留，收容；欺骗，使上当；理解，领会
lay out （整齐地）铺开，展开，摊开
dormitory n.学生宿舍，集体宿舍
circus n.热闹场面；马戏团
take a deep breath 深吸一口气
work on one’s first assignment做第一份作业
essay n.文章，短文
geometry n.几何（学）；几何形状
a 3，000-word essay on geometry
一篇三千字的几何论文
paragraph n.段，段落
put off 推迟，拖延
laptop n.笔记本电脑，便携式电脑
sneeze vi.打喷嚏
n.喷嚏，喷嚏声
reference n.参考；提到；推荐信 vt.查阅，参考
reference books 参考书
draft n.草稿，草案，草图
vt.起草，草拟
edit vt.& vi.编辑，校订
polish vt.& vi.修改，润饰；擦光，磨光
n.抛光，上光；完美，娴熟，精湛
drawer n.抽屉
stick to 坚持；遵守（诺言、协议、决定、原则等），遵循（规则）
presentation n.幻灯片演示；提交，授予；展示会；演出
cafeteria n.自助餐厅，自助食堂
bounce vt.（向某人）试探地透露（主意） vi.跳动
n.弹跳；活力
bounce ideas off sb
向某人试探地透露主意
stimulating adj.趣味盎然的，激励人的
intimidating adj.吓人的，令人胆怯的
dawn on sb 使某人开始明白，使某人渐渐领悟，使某人开始理解
take an interest in
对……感兴趣
carriage n.（火车的）客车厢；（旧时载客的）四轮马车
【参考译文】
我的大学生活
　　我和我的毕业生同学们一起等待着走上领奖台领取学位证书的那一刻。我心中既高兴又欣慰，同时又对未来怀着忧虑。我的第一份工作会是什么样的？这短短的几步路将会领我进入一个全新的世界。我该如何应对？我能为自己开创一番事业吗？我的名字被叫到了，我走到灯光下。我听见了掌声。我知道我的父母正在看着我，相视而笑，而我试着让自己放松。我把证书抱在胸前，对着镜头微笑。不知不觉中，典礼结束了，我的大学生活已然落下帷幕。时间都去哪儿了？四年时间一晃而过。我手拿证书伫立着，回想起那四年的时光。
　　我记得来上大学的第一天，我在校门口停下，望着长长的车道。我能感到自己的双手在微微出汗，我只能紧紧握住行李箱。我能适应吗？我人生的这个新阶段是否意味着我现在已经足够成熟，可以完全为自己的成功和失败负责？我花了几秒钟时间让自己镇定下来，并观察了一番眼前的情形。校园里人来人往。神情焦虑的家长和兴高采烈的学生有的在三三两两地交谈着，有的提着大包小包，有的正出入宿舍楼。我好奇开学第一天是否都是这么热闹。我深吸一口气，继续往校园中心走。我几乎没想到我就要经历我一生中最美好的四年时光。
　　我记得我做第一份作业时的情形。那是一篇三千字的几何论文，而我甚至不太确定该怎么开始第一段。我没有去寻求好的建议，而是一直拖着没下笔。相当不明智的是，我拖到了最后一刻。眼看规定期限就要到了，我只能抱着笔记本电脑熬了一整夜，把论文赶了出来。第二天我就感觉头晕，开始咳嗽、打喷嚏。可想而知，文章写得并不是很好。不过这给我上了宝贵的一课。在我刚收到第二份作业时，我就直奔图书馆，查阅研究所需的文献，然后定提纲、写初稿。经过仔细校订和润色之后，结果是比上一稿好很多的文章，并且在截止日期前几天它就在书桌抽屉里，随时可交。在之后的学习生涯中我都坚持了这种做法。
　　我记得和我的同学们一起合作完成小组项目。每个人都会分配到一项特定的任务，我的工作通常是制作幻灯片。我们会在学校的自助餐厅开会，大家各抒己见。在我们学着团队协作的过程中，我们笑着，吵着，再笑着。我明白了学习不必只是一个人的拼搏，与他人合作会比单打独斗更妙趣横生也成果斐然。
　　我记得第一次去拜访我最喜欢的教授，那是在他的办公时间。他是一位身材高大、须发皆白的先生。起初，我觉得他严厉得吓人，但我很快就开始因他广博的学识和对其学科的深刻理解而崇拜他了。很快我就开始明白，许多大学教授非常愿意分享他们所知道的，并且他们的确真心实意地关注学生的智力发展。
　　我听到父母在叫我，于是回过神来。毕业典礼结束后，我们坐火车回家。我看着车窗外飞驰而过的世界。返乡的路上，我有了时间来思考未来会带给我什么。大学改变了我。如今我不仅为职业生涯作好了更多学识上的准备，对个人能力也更有信心了。我已长大成人，对自己也更加了解。是的，我已准备好拥抱下一个人生阶段了。
第一步：析架构，理文本脉络
Read the passage quickly and fill in the blanks with suitable words.
第二步：精读文，达明察秋毫
Read the passage carefully and choose the best answer.
1.How did the author feel when he was waiting for receiving his degree certificate？（　　）
A.Happy but anxious.　B.Worried and anxious.
C.Sad and relieved.　　D.Excited and delighted.
2.What is the correct order used by the author to finish his studies after he finished his first assignment？（　　）
①write a draft
②create an outline
③edit and polish carefully
④head straight for the library to find the reference books
A.①②③④　 B.④②①③
C.④③②①　　 D.①④②③
3.What does the author want to convey in Paragraph 3？（　　）
A.Staying up late will make people ill.
B.Asking for advice is essential when faced with difficulties.
C.Setting out to work immediately as soon as you receive it is important.
D.Turning to the library for help can help you finish your work ahead of time.
4.What did the author learn from his group projects？（　　）
A.Learning must be a solo effort.
B.We learn nothing but laugh more as we learnt to work together as a team.
C.We couldn’t bounce ideas off each other， even if we met in the school cafeteria.
D.Working with others could be more stimulating and productive than working independently.
5.Which of the following is the purpose of the passage？（　　）
A.To prove a theory.
B.To tell us a funny story.
C.To advertise his university.
D.To look back on unforgettable experiences in college.
答案：1－5　ABCDD
第三步：通词句，学语言表达
1.词汇学习——循规律，记单词
本板块学习了以-ation结尾的名词presentation n.幻灯片演示；提交，授予；展示会；演出。
名词后缀-ion归纳如下：
规则 例词
几乎所有以-ate结尾的动词在变为名词时首先去掉e再加-ion educate→education， liberate→liberation， translate→translation， graduate→graduation， separate→separation， operate→operation
多数以-t结尾的动词直接在词尾加-ion，少数以-te结尾的动词首先去掉e再加-ion act→action， invent→invention， inspect→inspection， elect→election， select→selection， connect→connection， collect→collection， instruct→instruction， devote→devotion， pollute→pollution
多数以-ss结尾的动词直接加-ion discuss→discussion， oppress→oppression， express→expression， possess→possession
多数以-de结尾与少数以-d结尾的动词先把de或d变成s再加-ion decide→decision， divide→division， provide→provision， invade→invasion， expand→expansion， extend→extension
规则 例词
以-mit结尾的动词，先把t变成ss，再加-ion admit→admission， commit→commission， permit→permission， transmit→transmission
多数以-fy结尾的动词先把y改成i再加-cation，少数以-efy或-fy结尾的动词先去掉y再加-action modify→modification， satisfy→satisfaction
有些动词不是加-ion，而是加-ition、-tion、-ation或-sion而变成名词，其中有些词根因读音关系而发生了变化 add→addition， attend→attention， produce→production， reduce→reduction， solve→solution， determine→determination， explain→explanation， found→foundation， observe→observation， transport→transportation， relax→relaxation
2.美句欣赏——赏佳句，品用法
情感描写：人物情感描写是对人物在特定环境下产生的想法、感触、联想等心理活动的描写，旨在深刻揭示人物的精神世界。在读后续写中，描写人物的情感是常用的描写方法，恰当的情感描写能够表现文中人物的性格，推动事件的发展。在描述人物情感时，要突出文章的中心，与人物的性格吻合，符合事件发展的逻辑。要选用恰当的词句通过情感描写精确地刻画人物的内心世界。
请从课文中找出此类句子，体会作者的情绪变化。
（1）直接用情感词表达人物的喜怒哀乐情绪。如happy、delighted、pleased、joyful、enjoyable、surprised、shocked、amazed、astonished、to one’s surprise、in relief、in panic等描述人物的情绪。
　I was happy and relieved， yet worried and anxious about the future.What was my first job going to be like？ This short walk was going to launch me into a whole new world.How would I manage？ Would I be able to carve out a career for myself？　
（2）利用动作和环境描写，融情于景烘托人物的情感。
　The campus was alive with people.Anxious parents and excited students were talking in small groups， carrying suitcases or walking in and out of dormitory buildings.I wondered if the first day of school was always such a circus.I took a deep breath and carried on into the heart of the campus.Little did I know that I was about to experience the best four years of my life.　
Part Ⅰ　核心词汇集释
compose oneself使自己镇定下来
【教材原句】　I took a few seconds to compose myself and to take in the scene that was laid out before me.
我花了几秒钟时间让自己镇定下来，并观察了一番眼前的情形。
【用法】
（1）compose vt.& vi.　作曲；组成；撰写；使镇静 compose a letter/speech/poem　　撰写信函/演讲稿/诗歌 （2）be composed of＝be made up of＝consist of　　由……组成（或构成） （3）composer n.　　作曲家，作曲者 composition n.　　组成，构成；创作，作曲；作文，作品
【佳句】　Life is composed of many elements， such as family， friends， study， work， entertainment， and so on.
生活是由许多要素组成的，如家庭、朋友、学习、工作、娱乐等。
【练透】　单句语法填空
①Beethoven is a well-known 　composer　 of classical music， whose music is very touching.Listen！This is my favourite melody and it is one of his great 　compositions　.（compose）
【写美】　一句多译
②委员会由教授和工程师组成。
→The committee 　is composed of　 professors and engineers.（compose）
→The committee 　is made up of　 professors and engineers.（make）
→The committee 　consists of　 professors and engineers.（consist）
reference n.参考；提到；推荐信vt.查阅，参考
【教材原句】　As soon as I received the next assignment， I headed straight for the library to find the reference books I needed for my research， and then created an outline followed by a draft.
在我刚收到第二份作业时，我就直奔图书馆，查阅研究所需的文献，然后定提纲、写初稿。
【用法】
（1）reference books　　　　参考书 for reference　　以备参考，供参考 make （no） reference to　　（未）提及 in/with reference to　　关于；根据……而论 （2）refer vi.　　提到；参考，查阅 vt.　　查阅，参考 refer to 提到，谈到；指的是；参考，查阅 refer to ...as ...　　把……称为…… refer to a dictionary＝look up sth in a dictionary　　查词典
【佳句】　The library contains many popular reference books.这家图书馆藏有许多常用的参考书。
【练透】　单句语法填空
①There are huge amounts of 　reference　 （refer） books in the library which I am often confused to choose from.
②When 　referring　 （refer） to that incident of last year， he still felt very frightened.
③The Chinese refer to their language 　as　 Han， as it became popular among the people during the Han Dynasty.
【写美】　完成句子
④Get prepared because while giving the English speech， one 　is not allowed to refer to the notes　.
作好准备，因为在作英语演讲的时候是不允许看笔记的。
Part Ⅱ　重点句型解构
句型公式：before引导的时间状语从句
【教材原句】　Before I knew it， the ceremony was over and the curtain had come down on my university life.
不知不觉中，典礼结束了，我的大学生活已然落下帷幕。
【用法】
（1）before引导时间状语从句，主要用于以下几种句型： ①It will be＋一段时间＋before ...（从句用一般现在时）要过……时间才…… ②It won’t be＋一段时间＋before ...（从句用一般现在时）过不了……时间就…… ③It was not long before ...（从句用一般过去时）没过多久就…… ④It was＋时间段＋before ...（从句用一般过去时）过了……时间才…… （2）before作为连词，用来引导时间状语从句时，译法较灵活，根据语境可翻译成以下几种意思： ①在……之前；②……之后才……；③趁着（还没有）……，以免……，以防……；④（不久）就……
【品悟】　You’d better go quickly before I change my mind.在我改变主意之前，你最好快点走。
【写美】　完成句子
①He had walked for a whole day 　before he found water　.
他走了一整天才找到水。
②Write down the telephone number 　before you forget it　.
趁你还没忘记，把电话号码写下来。
③I 　had not waited long before　 he came back.
我没等多久他就回来了。
④　It was not long before　 he left for the US.
没过多久他就去美国了。
⑤　Before I could think of a reply　， she walked away.
我还没来得及想出如何回答，她就走开了。
⑥　It was three days before　 he made the decision to accept our suggestion.
三天后他才作出接受我们的提议的决定。
⑦I’m sorry you’ve been waiting so long， but 　it’ll still be some time before　 Brian gets back.
很抱歉让你等了这么久，但布莱恩还要过一段时间才能回来。
句型公式：否定词置于句首引起的部分倒装
【教材原句】　Little did I know that I was about to experience the best four years of my life.
我几乎没想到我就要经历我一生中最美好的四年时光。
【用法】
该句是倒装句， little置于句首时，句子要用部分倒装。其他具有否定意义的副词或短语置于句首时，也要用部分倒装。 （1）否定副词not、never、hardly、seldom、scarcely、rarely、little及表示否定意义的介词短语in no case、by no means、at no time、on no condition、not until等置于句首时，句子要用部分倒装。 （2）hardly ...when、no sooner ...than、not only ...but also、neither ...nor等连接两个句子， hardly、no sooner、not only置于句首时，紧接否定词之后的句子要用部分倒装。
【品悟】　Seldom does he go out to eat dinner with his family because he enjoys cooking at home.
他和家人很少出去吃晚饭，因为他喜欢在家做饭。
【写美】　完成句子/句式升级
①Little 　did I have　 such kind of experience before.
我以前很少有这样的经历。
②At no time 　did they actually break　 the rules of the game.
他们绝对没有违反比赛规则。
③Hardly 　had David arrived at the finish line when　 all the teachers and classmates cheered for him.
大卫刚到达终点线，所有的老师和同学就都为他欢呼喝彩。
④I have never heard such a strange thing in my life.
→　Never have I heard such a strange thing　 in my life.（倒装句）
维度一：品句填词
根据所给单词的首字母或汉语提示，写出单词的正确形式。
1.For the duration of university， his son obtained ten certificates　 in different fields in all.
2.The dress is too tight　 for me so I have to exchange it for a bigger size.
3.While bouncing　 his ball against the wall， the rude boy let out screams.
4.When she woke up， morning sunshine flooded in through the open curtains　.
5.The lady felt dizzy　 and unbalanced； then she suddenly fell down.
6.His father is a 　librarian　 （图书管理员） of our school library.
7.When he heard the news that he was fired， he broke out in a sweat on his 　forehead　 （前额）.
8.I used to do the laundry once a week when I lived in the 　dormitory　 （宿舍）.
9.This is the first time that he has 　drafted　 （起草） a plan for the new company.
10.Having 　polished　 （润色） her paper for hundreds of times， she finally got her papers published by an international medical journal.
维度二：词形转换
用括号内单词的正确形式填空。
1.The new app has undergone 　extensive　 （extend） tests by more than 75 users with overwhelmingly positive feedback.
2.Motivated by the inspiring 　presentation　 （present）， the student made up his mind to be an ambitious astronomer.
3.They were 　randomly　 （random） divided into four groups and exposed to various noise levels in the background.
4.His 　competence　 （competent） is not in question but I’m worried about his attitude to the job.
5.I shivered in such cold weather and pulled my scarf more 　tightly　 （tight） round my neck.
6.Marin had excellent 　references　 （refer） from the manager of the firm where he had worked in the summer holidays.
维度三：固定搭配和句式
根据汉语及括号内提示完成下列句子。
1.我在作出决定之前，想听听别人的意见。（before引导时间状语从句）
I’d like to listen to other people’s opinion 　before I make a decision　.
2.他依然记得在乡下劳动的日子。（关系副词when引导的定语从句）
He still remembers the days 　when he worked in the country　.
3.直到我考试不及格我才意识到自己已经浪费了很多时间。（否定词置于句首引起的部分倒装）
　Not until I failed in the exam did I realize　 how much time I had wasted.
4.他深深地吸了几口气使自己平静下来。（compose oneself）
He 　took a few deep breaths to compose himself　.
5.他们开着灯坐了半个小时。（with复合结构）
They sat 　with the light on　 for half an hour.
6.一个小孩想要什么就给他什么，人们认为这种做法是不明智的。（whatever引导宾语从句）
It’s considered unwise 　to give a child whatever he wants　.
维度四：课文语法填空
阅读课文内容，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
　　At the 1.　graduation　 （graduate） ceremony， I held my certificate tight to my breast and tried to compose 2.　myself　 （I）.The ceremony was over and the curtain had come down on my university life as if four years had disappeared 3.　in　 a flash.For these years， I went from the classroom to the dormitory and from the dormitory to the cafeteria， and all day it was such a circus.Now I become more mature.I remember my first assignment was to write 4.　an　 essay on geometry.First I created an outline followed by a draft， and then I borrowed some 5.　reference　 （refer） books from the librarian，6.　took　 （take） my laptop out of the drawer and began to write the first paragraph.
　　After editing and polishing， I made it into presentation slides.Then I bounced ideas 7.　off　 my favourite professor， 8.　who　 was a tall gentleman with a beard.His strictness was intimidating， 9.　but　 he did approve of my essay.Now I am on my way home.10.　Looking　 （look）out of the carriage window， I reflect on my university life， and I have sweat on my forehead.
Ⅰ.阅读理解
　　My PhD adviser informed me I had failed my qualifying exam at my third attempt， which meant the dismissal from the program.How was it possible that one exam — one hour of my life — could define me as unfit to be a scientist？
　　I wasn’t sure what to expect when I started my PhD program.I struggled with my classes during my first year， spending countless hours studying in the library.I ended that year with increased confidence.But soon my confidence went away when I made my first attempt at the qualifying exam.I had switched research projects 5 months earlier， after my first adviser left the university， so I wasn’t so confident of going into the exam.Besides， I had never taken an oral exam before， so the experience was terrifying.
　　Once it was over， my committee told me I’d conditionally passed， which meant I had to take more time to study and prepare to talk about the topic further.I was shaken but still hopeful.But when I retook the exam， I failed again.That’s when I was told I’d have one more chance.
　　For the next 5 months， I asked my committee chairs for guidance and practiced answering oral questions.I even stopped doing lab work to focus on my exam preparations.I was all in.
　　When the exam was over， I left the room feeling a mix of fear and relief.But those feelings changed to disappointment the next day after I learned I’d failed.I speak Spanish at home， but I have difficulty translating even the simplest scientific concepts into Spanish.This hampered my ability to comfortably speak the expected “language of science”.
　　My adviser requested to reinstate （使重返岗位） me to the PhD program， and I’m now back to working on my doctorate.I still have a little voice in the back of my head that I’m not good enough.But I try to stop it by surrounding myself with professors who support me and by staying focused on developing into the great scientist I know I can be.I am much more than that one-hour exam.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。作者在攻读博士学位时经历了多次失败。但是她仍不气馁，始终意志坚定地坚持自己想成为科学家的梦想。
1.How did the author feel by the end of the first year？（　　）
A.Confident.　　 B.Terrified.
C.Worn out.　　 D.At a loss.
解析：A　细节理解题。根据第二段中的I ended that year with increased confidence.可知，作者在第一年年终的时候对自己更有信心了。
2.Why did the author switch her research project？（　　）
A.She found it too hard for her.
B.Her adviser dismissed her from it.
C.She failed the qualifying exam.
D.Her adviser no longer worked there.
解析：D　细节理解题。根据第二段中的I had switched research projects 5 months earlier， after my first adviser left the university可知，作者改变研究项目是因为她的导师不在那里工作了。
3.What affected the author’s performance in the third exam？（　　）
A.Lack of preparation.
B.Decreased confidence.
C.Insufficient language skills.
D.Too much time on lab work.
解析：C　细节理解题。根据第五段最后两句可知，作者在把科学概念翻译成西班牙语方面有困难。因此是语言技能的不足影响了她的第三次考试。
4.Which word best describes the author？（　　）
A.Intelligent.　　 B.Sensitive.
C.Energetic.　　 D.Determined.
解析：D　推理判断题。根据文章内容尤其是最后一段可知，作者在经历多次失败之后没有气馁，仍旧坚持自己想成为伟大科学家的梦想。由此可知，她是一个意志坚定的人。
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
　　How to Avoid Distractions While You Are Studying
　　You know you really want to do well in your study.Your parents have put the pressure on you， or you promised yourself you would do better.But you keep getting distracted！How can you solve the problem？ 5.（　　）
　　Find a place that makes you want to study.If the books and seriousness of the library put you in the mood for focusing on study， go for it.If the comfortable chairs and coffee at your local café are what you need to get through your reading for English， go there.6.（　　）
　　Set a study schedule.When you have many subjects to study， it can seem hard to get through everything.Give yourself a schedule where you set specific times to study particular subjects.7.（　　） Besides， change subjects every two hours.A little variety keeps you refreshed and focused.
　　8.（　　） If you find yourself distracted from studying by thoughts about everything else， spend 5 minutes thinking about them， but then tell yourself studying is your main task now.If you are tired of study， step away from it.A short break helps refresh you so that you can stay focused when you come back to studying.
　　Turn off the electronic devices.Texting， social media， calls and other distractions that come from your electronic devices are some of the biggest barriers to staying focused when you are studying.9.（　　） Turn off the distracting electronic devices！
A.Give yourself a brief study break.
B.Go out for a picnic to refresh yourself.
C.The following tips may give you a hand.
D.Luckily， the fix is easy and totally within your control.
E.There’s no doubt that a library is the best place for studying well.
F.This makes studying seem less difficult， helping you stay on task.
G.The most important thing is that the location motivates you to study.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了四种应对学习时分心的方法。
5.C　空前提出如何解决分心的问题，空后应该回答该问题。再根据下文所讲的避免学习时分心的方法可知，C项（以下建议可能会对你有所帮助）符合语境。
6.G　根据第二段首句可知，找一个让你想学习的地方，然后以图书馆和咖啡馆为例进行说明。G项（最重要的是这个地方能激励你学习）符合语境。
7.F　空前提到给自己制作一个时间表，为学习特定的科目设定具体的时间。此处应说这样做的好处。F项（这会让学习看起来不那么困难，帮助你专注于任务）符合语境。
8.A　空处位于段首，是段落主旨句。根据空后的内容可知，短暂的休息可以帮助你恢复精力，当你重新开始学习时，你可以集中注意力。A项（给自己一个短暂的休息时间）能概括本段内容。
9.D　根据本段首句可知，本段建议关掉电子设备。发短信、社交媒体、电话和其他来自电子设备的干扰是学习时集中注意力的最大障碍之一。D项（幸运的是，解决办法简单且完全在你的掌握之中）呼应上文内容。
Ⅲ.完形填空
　　It was Friday book talk time in Mr Jacob’s class.For once， Kevin was 　10　 to talk about the book he’d been reading.
　　Kevin had never been a fan of reading.He 　11　 video games.His mother told him reading books is much more interesting than playing video games.Kevin didn’t 　12　 it.Books are more exciting than video games？ Never.
　　Then he 　13　 a book with a special cover when his class made their library trip.The 　14　， in white lettering on a black cover， was The Fourth Stall.Reaching down from the top of the cover was a hand holding a roll of toilet paper！ Kevin was 　15　.He took the book and 　16　 the checkout desk.He read the book whenever he could.His mother looked at him 　17　.She couldn’t believe he was 　18　.
　　When his 　19　 came during book talk， Kevin told the class just enough to 　20　 them how great the book was.“So，” Mr Jacob asked him，“are you going to read the 　21　 of the books in the series？” Kevin couldn’t believe his good 　22　.“There are more？ I’m going to the 　23　 right after school！” When Kevin got home that day， he showed his mother a pile of books.“You were 　24　， Mum — books are really better than video games！”
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。Kevin喜欢玩电子游戏，不喜欢读书。在一次班级图书馆活动中，他被一本书的封面吸引，于是借了这本书，没想到从此爱上了阅读。
10.A.upset　　 B.hesitant
C.curious　　 D.excited
解析：D　通读全文可知，Kevin刚开始并不喜欢读书，后来在图书馆被一本书的封面吸引，继而爱上了阅读。因此，在分享图书课上，他很兴奋，想谈谈这本书。
11.A.watched　　 B.released
C.preferred　　 D.developed
解析：C　根据第二段第一句可知，Kevin并不是书迷，他更喜欢电子游戏。
12.A.buy　　 B.quote
C.explain　　 D.remember
解析：A　根据下文中的Books are more exciting than video games？Never.可知，Kevin并不相信妈妈的话。buy在此处意为“相信（尤指不大可能的事）”。
13.A.delivered　　 B.made
C.spotted　　 D.shared
解析：C　根据下文a special cover可知，Kevin发现了一本封面很特别的书。
14.A.author　　 B.publisher
C.title　　 D.page
解析：C　The Fourth Stall是这本书的标题（title）。
15.A.attracted　　 B.cheated
C.mistaken　　 D.saved
解析：A　根据下文He read the book whenever he could.可知，Kevin被书的封面吸引。
16.A.passed by　　 B.set aside
C.called up　　 D.headed for
解析：D　根据空后的the checkout可知，Kevin拿着书走向借书处。
17.A.in shock　　 B.in secret
C.with care　　 D.with sadness
解析：A　上文提到Kevin不喜欢读书，因此妈妈很惊讶，简直不敢相信他在看书。
18.A.drawing　　 B.writing
C.reading　　 D.studying
解析：C　参见上题解析。
19.A.story　　 B.turn
C.business　　 D.reward
解析：B　轮到Kevin分享图书时，他讲了很多，使全班同学相信这本书非常棒。
20.A.teach　　 B.advise
C.convince　　 D.ask
解析：C　参见上题解析。
21.A.end　　 B.rest
C.plot　　 D.history
解析：B　根据下文中的in the series、There are more？和a pile of books可知，老师问Kevin是否打算读这一系列的其他书。
22.A.reputation　　 B.credit
C.choice　　 D.fortune
解析：D　得知这是一系列书，Kevin简直不敢相信自己运气这么好，他决定放学后马上去图书馆。
23.A.library　　 B.house
C.parking lot　　 D.bus stop
解析：A　参见上题解析。
24.A.proud　　 B.right
C.patient　　 D.kind
解析：B　根据文章最后一句中的books are really better than video games可知，Kevin终于认识到读书的好处，他意识到妈妈之前说的是对的。
Ⅳ.读后续写
　　阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
　　Last Saturday was sunny and beautiful， and all week long my family had been looking forward to having a beach picnic. Unfortunately， my mom and dad both had colds， and we all had to stay home.I did want my parents to rest and feel better， but I couldn’t help feeling upset too.“It’s going to be a boring day with no fun plans！” I thought and sighed as I walked back to my bedroom.
　　As I lay on my bed feeling sorry for myself， my kitty cats， Charlie and Cow， entered the room.Charlie jumped on top of my bookcase， and Cow looked up with his sweet green eyes.Then， Charlie knocked my favourite fairytale book right off the shelf！
　　“OK，” I smiled.“Come hop （跳） onto my bed.” Once we were all snuggled up （依偎在一起）， I started flipping through （草草翻阅） the pages.“Here’s one about a boy who rescues a giant sea turtle （海龟）， and the turtle is so grateful he takes the boy on a magical journey under the sea.”
　　I started to read the fairy tale out loud， and before too long， I started imagining that I was the one who had saved a sea turtle.The turtle told me his name was Greenaway.In return for my kindness， he would show me a magical kingdom beneath the sea.I climbed aboard the turtle’s broad green shell， and off we went！
　　At first， things looked kind of how you’d expect， with lots of little fish and seaweed here and there.But the deeper we swam， the more amazing things became.Greenaway said he was the footman to Her Majesty， Queen Aqualeena， and here came the queen now！ I slipped off Greenaway’s shell and curtsied （行屈膝礼）.“Welcome，” said the queen.“Thank you for your kindness towards our beloved Greenaway.Please come in.You’re just in time for the party！”
注意：1.续写词数应为150左右；
2.请按如下格式作答。
What a party it was！　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
That daydream was so cool that I had to draw a picture of Greenaway.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
参考范文：
　　What a party it was！ Hundreds of starfish lit up the palace with golden light.An octopus played fantastic music while everybody danced.Seahorses in all the colours of the rainbow made sure we had plenty of delicious snacks.And the most beautiful cake imaginable was cut into perfect slices by a swordfish wearing a uniform.I felt so amazed and excited that I thanked Greenaway and Queen Aqualeena for this unforgettable visit.They smiled and said they would invite me to visit again.
That daydream was so cool that I had to draw a picture of Greenaway.Then I drew one of Queen Aqualeena.A while later， when my little brother and sister saw the pictures， they wanted to hear more details of my underwater adventure.They wondered how I saved the turtle， and how that swordfish cut the cake.That was when I decided to turn those drawings into a book — and I was still having fun working on it！ I had no idea how much a little imagination could help me battle that boring day.
16 / 17UNIT 4　Never too old to learn
单元话题导入
　　本单元的话题是“终身学习”，涉及不同的学习模式、终身学习、职业教育、阅读的重要性、大学学习生活的乐趣和困难等内容。通过本单元的学习，学生可以提高对终身学习的兴趣，树立终身学习的意识，培养乐于学习、善于学习的积极观念，从而为完善自我、适应社会奠定良好的基础。
看图感悟语境，选词填空。
educator， inquire， cease， bound， verbal， self-worth， wisdom
1.Lifelong learning helps us develop skills， further our careers， and boost our sense of 　self-worth　 and keep our minds active.Different people have different learning ways， including auditory， 　verbal　 and physical styles.
2.In a world of rapid development， there are always new things for us to 　inquire　 about and new skills to develop.One should never 　cease　 to learn.
3.We are 　bound　 to have a good attitude towards lifelong learning.As the great 　educator　 Confucius stated，“When you know a thing， to recognize that you know it； and when you do not know a thing， to recognize that you do not know it — that is 　wisdom　.”
1 / 1单元素养提升
◇本单元语法学了什么内容？ 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 ◇自我评价 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
◇本单元写作练了哪个方面？ 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
回顾单元知识·提高语言能力
一、核心单词写对
1.　bound　 adj.一定会，很可能会；有义务（做某事）
2.　objective　 adj.客观的；客观存在的；宾格的
n.目标，目的
3.　concrete　 adj.确实的，具体的；有形的，实在的
n.混凝土
4.　reasoning　 n.推理，理性的观点，论证
5.　prospect　 n.成功的机会，前景；可能性
6.　institution　 n.机构；风俗习惯，制度
7.　tablet　 n.平板电脑；药片
8.　certificate　 n.文凭，结业证书；证明，证明书
9.　breast　 n.胸部，胸脯
10.　dormitory　 n.学生宿舍，集体宿舍
11.　sneeze　 vi.打喷嚏
n.喷嚏，喷嚏声
12.　draft　 n.草稿，草案，草图
vt.起草，草拟
13.　polish　 vt.& vi.修改，润饰；擦光，磨光
n.抛光，上光；完美，娴熟，精湛
14.　cafeteria　 n.自助餐厅，自助食堂
Ⅰ.根据所给单词的首字母或汉语提示，写出单词的正确形式
1.Fill in each blank　 with a proper word to complete the following sentences.
2.The concept is too abstract　 so it is difficult for students to understand it.
3.The article has only three paragraphs　 but it’s worth reading again and again.
4.He made several spelling mistakes in the composition　.
5.Fortunately the librarian　 called me and my father came into his office.
6.I think he is not 　mature　 （明白事理的） enough to understand the significance of the choice.
7.She drew back the 　curtains　 （窗帘） and let the sunlight in.
8.He folded the papers and put them in his desk 　drawer　 （抽屉）.
9.He got into the car and started the 　motor　 （发动机） immediately.
10.I won’t lend you my 　laptop　 （笔记本电脑） unless you promise to look after it.
二、拓展词汇用活
1.　educator　 n.教育家；教育工作者→educate vt.教育→education n.教育，培养
2.　resolve　 vt.& vi.解决；表决；决心，决定n.决心，坚定的信念→resolved adj.下定决心的，断然的，坚决的
3.　refresh　 vt.使变新；使恢复精力；使想起→refreshed adj.恢复了精力的，精神振作的→refreshing adj.令人耳目一新的；别具一格的；使人精力充沛的；使人凉爽的→refreshment n.恢复活力；焕发精神
4.　criticize　 vt.& vi.批评，批判，挑剔，指责；评价→critical adj.批评的，批判性的，挑剔的；关键的，至关重要的→critic n.批评家；评论家，评论员→criticism n.批评，批判；责备，指责
5.　inquire　 vi.& vt.询问，打听→inquiry n.调查；查询；询问，打听；（官方的）查问→inquiring adj.好问的，探索的；探询的，追究的
6.　register　 vi.& vt.登记，注册 n.语体风格，语域；登记表→registration n.登记，注册
7.　subscribe　 vi.订阅；定期订购（或订阅等）→subscriber n.（报刊等的）订阅人，订购者→subscription n.订阅，订购；（报刊等的）订阅费，订购款
8.　comprehension　 n.理解力，领悟能力；理解练习→comprehend vt.理解，领悟→comprehensive adj.全面的；综合性的
9.　assumption　 n.假定，假设→assume vt.假设，认为；承担（责任）；获得（权利）；呈现；假装→assumed adj.假定的，假设的
10.　occupation　 n.工作，职业；消遣；侵占，占领期；使用→occupy vt.占用；占领；占据→occupied adj.忙于；使用中
11.　qualify　 vt.使合格；使具备资格 vi.取得资格（或学历），合格→qualification n.技能条件，资格→qualified adj.有资格的，合格的，胜任的
12.　competence　 n.能力，胜任→competent adj.足以胜任的，有能力的→competently adv.胜任地，适合地
13.　random　 adj.随机的；辨认不出的；不合常理的→randomly adv.随机地，随意地；未加计划地→randomness n.随机性；随意，无安排
14.　tight　 adv.紧紧地，牢固地adj.牢固的；严格的；密集的；亲密的→tightly adv.紧紧地；牢固地；紧密地→tightness n.密封性；坚固，紧密
15.　reference　 n.参考；提到；推荐信vt.查阅，参考→refer vi.提到，谈到；参考
16.　presentation　 n.幻灯片演示；提交，授予；展示会；演出→present vt.提出；授予，提交；展现
Ⅱ.用所给单词的适当形式填空
1.Come and work out with our 　qualified　 （qualify） personal trainer， Jodie McGregor， on the grounds of the Middleton Lodge estate.
2.It will undoubtedly help you get 　refreshed　 （refresh）！
3.Surprised at what I did， my mom hugged me 　tightly　 （tight）.
4.He learned braille （盲文） quickly and continued his 　education　 （educate） at Worcester College for the Blind.
5.If they have problems with 　registration　 （register）， Wilson is there to assist them.
6.Face-to-face communication makes 　comprehension　 （comprehend） much easier.
7.Childhood activities help a child develop responsibility， independence， confidence and 　competence　 （competent）—the underpinnings （基础） of emotional health.
8.James 　occupies　 an important position in the government office， and his 　occupation　 brings him great fame.（occupy）
9.She 　assumed　 that her husband made a wrong decision.It indicates that his argument is based on a completely false 　assumption　.（assume）
10.After countless interviews and 　presentations　， I managed to stand out among the candidates and survive the test alone.The headmaster 　presented　 an award to me.（present）
11.The lawyer 　inquired　 whether there had been any messages for him but he was told that 　inquiries　 on that matter are being redirected to the press office.（inquire）
12.The textbooks and dictionaries can be used as 　reference　 books where students can 　refer　 to some unknown things if necessary.（refer）
三、重点短语用准
1.　be bound to　　　一定会，很可能会
2.　keep pace with sb/sth　　　与……步调一致，与……并驾齐驱
3.　subscribe to　　　订阅；定期订购（或订阅等）；同意，赞成
4.　in a flash　　　转瞬间，立即
5.　compose oneself　　　使自己镇定下来
6.　bounce ideas off sb　　　向某人试探地透露主意
7.　point out　　　指出
8.　reflect on　　　反思
9.　be responsible for　　　对……负责
Ⅲ.选用上面短语并用其适当形式填空
1.You’ve done so much work—you 　are bound to　 pass the exam.
2.Our company is developing new products to 　keep pace with　 the needs in the market.
3.If you 　subscribe to　 the newspaper， it’ll be delivered to your door every day.
4.I should 　point out　 that no one of these paintings is orginal.
5.“I 　reflect on　 how my day’s gone and think about the rest of the week，” she said.
四、经典句式写美
1.句型公式：动词不定式短语作定语
教材原句：　The ability to admit this　 （有能力承认这一点） should not be perceived as a weakness， but as a strength.
2.句型公式：make＋宾语＋宾语补足语
教材原句：Be objective and 　make yourself open to new knowledge and ideas　 （让自己接纳新知识和新理念）.
3.句型公式：关系副词when引导的定语从句
教材原句：I had been waiting with my fellow graduating students for the moment 　when I would walk out onto the stage to receive my degree certificate　 （当我走上台领取学位证书的那一刻）.
4.句型公式：before引导的时间状语从句
教材原句：　Before I knew it　 （在我意识到这一点之前）， the ceremony was over and the curtain had come down on my university life.
Ⅳ.完成句子
1.Some people question 　his ability to do the job　.
有人对他做这项工作的能力提出疑问。
2.You 　make me nervous　 when you look at me like that.
当你那样看我时，让我很紧张。
3.I’m looking forward to the moment 　when I reunite with you　.
我期待和你重聚的那一刻。
4.Remind me to phone Alan 　before I go out　.
提醒我在出去之前给艾伦打电话。
整合话题元素·增强思维品质
夯实素材储备·注重续写体验
情感描写 ①blank adj.空白的n.空白处，空格 ②mature adj.明白事理的；成熟的 vi.成熟，长成；有判断力 ③in a flash转瞬间，立即
动作描写 ①resolve vt.& vi.解决；表决；决心，决定 n.决心，坚定的信念 ②refresh vt.使变新；使恢复精力；使想起 ③criticize vt.& vi.批评，批判，挑剔，指责；评价 ④be bound to一定会，很可能会 ⑤compose oneself使自己镇定下来
其他 ①objective adj.客观的；客观存在的；宾格的n.目标，目的 ②certificate n.文凭，结业证书；证明，证明书 ③occupation n.工作，职业；消遣；侵占，占领期；使用 ④professor n.教授；讲师，教员
一、连词成句
　　根据教材语料中所给词汇及汉语提示翻译下列句子。
1.在被告知父亲去世后，托尼（Tony）的大脑瞬间一片空白。（情感描写；动词-ing短语作状语）
　Having been told his father passed away，Tony’s mind went blank in a flash.　
2.遗憾和羞愧占据了他，泪水涌入了他的眼睛。（情感描写；独立主格结构）
　Regret and shame occupied him， tears streaming into his eyes.　
3.他批评自己以前的顽皮行为。（心理描写）
　He criticized himself for his previous naughty behaviour.　
4.渐渐地，他镇定下来，恢复了精神。（动作描写）
　Gradually， he composed and refreshed himself.　
5.他决心努力学习，早点拿到证书来帮助妈妈赚钱养家。（心理描写；动词不定式）
　He resolved to study hard to get a certificate earlier to help Mom earn money and support his family.　
6.他的教授和室友们相信他一定会实现他的目标。（宾语从句）
　His professor and roommates believed he was bound to achieve his objective.　
二、连句成文
　　用适当的过渡词将上面的句子合并成一个小语段。
　　　Having been told his father passed away， Tony’s mind went blank in a flash. Regret and shame occupied him， tears streaming into his eyes. He criticized himself for his previous naughty behaviour. Gradually， he composed and refreshed himself. He resolved to study hard to get a certificate earlier to help Mom earn money and support his family.His professor and roommates believed he was bound to achieve his objective.　
5 / 5Section Ⅱ　Grammar and usage
复杂句分析
阅读下列句子并思考各个句子的类型。
1.Vocational education is not a new idea.
2.It generally prepares people to work in a specific occupation by teaching theory in the classroom and offering hands-on training in the workplace.
3.Vocational education is no less important than academic education because it can qualify applicants to work in a particular field.
4.In today’s rapidly developing society， vocational education is becoming more and more valuable and it gives applicants an advantage in the job market.
5.For example， motor repair is one field that allows for such career development.
6.According to one vocational school student， they are now encouraged to “learn by doing” and “learn through trial and error”， and they focus more on how to complete an assignment rather than just memorizing what teachers say in class.
【我的发现】
以上例句中，句　1、2　为简单句；句　4　为并列句；句　3、5　为主从复合句；句　6　为并列主从复合句。
　　英语中的句子按照句子结构可分为四类：简单句、并列句、主从复合句和并列主从复合句。
一、简单句
含有一个主谓结构的句子称为简单句。有时，简单句包含很多修饰语，这使句子变得很长。要准确理解句子，需要厘清句子的结构，找到主语和谓语。
主谓：主语＋谓语（SV） The rain stopped.雨停了。 　主语　 谓语
主谓宾：主语＋谓语＋ 宾语（SVO） He　enjoys　reading. 主语　谓语　 宾语　 他喜欢读书。
主系表：主语＋连系动词＋表语（SVP） This　is　an English-Chinese dictionary. 主语 连系动词　　　表语 这是一本英汉词典。
主谓宾宾：主语＋谓语＋间接宾语＋直接宾语（SVOO） My mother bought me　a dictionary. 　主语　　谓语 间接宾语 直接宾语 我妈妈给我买了一本词典。
主谓宾补：主语＋谓语＋宾语＋宾语补语（SVOC） They painted the door　green. 主语　 谓语　 宾语 　宾语补语 他们把门刷成了绿色。 He　 asked　 me　to come back soon. 主语 谓语　宾语　　宾语补语 他让我快点回来。 I　heard　 him　singing a song. 主语 谓语　 宾语　宾语补语 我听到他在唱歌。
主谓状：主语＋谓语＋状语（SVA） The sun rises in the east. 　主语　谓语　 状语 太阳从东方升起。
主谓宾状：主语＋谓语＋宾语＋状语（SVOA） He　put the coffee on the table. 主语 谓语　 宾语　　 状语 他把咖啡放在了桌子上。
存现句：引导词there引导的句子 There are many customers in the shop. 　　谓语　　主语　　　　状语 商店里有很多顾客。
【即时演练1】　写出下列句子的句子结构
①What he said does not matter. 　SV　
②His parents have worked in the company for ten years. 　SVA　
③They haven’t decided when and where to hold the party. 　SVO　
④The old couple seemed very happy together. 　SVP　
⑤There are 45 students in our class. 　存现句　
⑥I want to have a cup of tea very much. 　SVOA　
⑦She cooked her husband a delicious meal. 　SVOO　
二、并列句
并列句是指由并列连词连接的两个或更多的分句构成的句子，常见的并列连词有 and、or、but 等。要准确理解并列句，需要找到并列连词，弄清楚各分句之间的关系。
连词 举例
并列关系 and、both ...and、as well as、not only ...but （also）、neither ...nor
转折关系 but、however、while、still、yet
选择关系 or、whether ...or、either ...or 、 not ...but
因果关系 for、so/so that、therefore、because
固定句式 祈使句＋and/or＋陈述句；when作并列连词，意为“这时，那时”
The sky suddenly went dark and it started to rain.（并列关系）
天空骤然转暗，随即下起雨来。
I’d asked everybody but only two people came.（转折关系）
每个人我都请了，却只来了两个人。
Take the chance， or you will regret it.（转折关系）
抓住这个机会，否则你会后悔的。
You’d better take an umbrella， for it is going to rain.（因果关系）
你最好带把伞，因为要下雨了。
He was about to go to school when a strong wind began to blow.（be about to do ...when ）
他正要去上学，这时突然刮起了大风。
Hurry up， or you’ll be late again.（祈使句＋or＋陈述句）
快点，否则你会再迟到。
【即时演练2】　选词填空（and， but， or， so， while， for）
①I was glad to meet Jenny again， 　but　 I didn’t want to spend all day with her.
②Think it over， 　and　 you’ll find a way out.
③One day， I was late， 　and　 my teacher was angry.
④He fell in love with the girl 　while　 he was on a visit to New York.
⑤They have different ideas， 　so　 they have solved the problem in different ways.
三、主从复合句
主从复合句是指含有从句的复合句。要准确理解主从复合句，需要分析句子结构，找到主句和从句，并识别从句的种类。
类型 分类 例句
定语 从句 限制性定语从句 Those who want to go please sign their names here. 想去的人请在这里签名。
非限制性定语从句 We will put off the outing until the next week， when we won’t be so busy. 我们将把郊游推迟到下周，那时我们就不那么忙了。
名词性 从句 主语从句 Whether he will come or not is still unknown. 他是否会来还不知道。
宾语从句 Please tell me whether or not you agree with him. 请告诉我你是否同意他（的观点）。
表语从句 This is where I don’t agree. 这是我不赞同的地方。
同位语从句 I have no idea when she will be back. 我不知道她会什么时候回来。
状语 从句 时间状语从句 I met him when I was walking in the park. 我在公园里散步时遇到了他。
原因状语从句 Now that you are all here， let’s try and reach a decision. 既然你们都来了，让我们试着作出决定。
状 语 从 句 目的状 语从句 We sent the letter by air mail in order that it might reach them in good time. 我们用航空邮件邮寄这封信，以便他们能及时收到。
结果状 语从句 Bring it near so that I may see it better. 把它拿近一点，好让我看得更清楚。
条件状 语从句 As long as we don’t lose heart， we will find a way to overcome the difficulty. 只要我们不泄气，就会找到克服困难的方法。
让步状 语从句 Though we fight like cat and dog， we still love each other. 虽然我们像猫狗一样打架，但我们仍然彼此相爱。
比较状 语从句 She is still as active as she used to be. 她仍然像以前一样活跃。
方式状 语从句 He speaks as if there were a frog in his throat. 他说起话来好像喉咙里有只青蛙。
四、并列主从复合句
有些句子既包括并列分句，又含有从句，我们称之为并列主从复合句。要准确理解这种复杂的句子，需要分析句子结构，弄清楚各分句以及主从句之间的逻辑关系。
（1）Some people know what they want to do from a young age， but more people just have a few ideas bouncing around in their heads.
有的人年轻时就清楚自己想做什么，但更多的人往往是只有一些想法在脑子里晃来晃去。
句式分析：这是由转折连词but连接的并列主从复合句，表达前后两种情况的对比。前半部分是“主谓宾状”结构，其中含有what引导的宾语从句；后半部分是“主谓宾”结构，其中的bouncing around in their heads作后置定语修饰ideas。
（2）But by any criteria this work is worth it to us as well， because it shows that we are global citizens interested in world stability， and that we feel responsible for others and are ready to build a community with a shared future for mankind.
但以任何标准来看，这项工作对我们都是值得的；因为它表明，我们是关注世界稳定的全球公民，我们对他人负有责任，我们为构建人类命运共同体作好了准备。
句式分析：这是一个并列主从复合句。第一层从because分开，前面的主句为“主系表”结构，because后面直到句尾是一个“主谓宾”结构的原因状语从句，用来说明“这项工作对我们都是值得的”的理由。第二层，原因状语从句内部包含两个由that引导的宾语从句，作show的宾语。第三层，两个that引导的宾语从句是并列关系，也都是“主系表”结构。
【即时演练3】　完成句子
①Wuhan lies 　where the Yangtze River and the Han River meet　.
武汉位于长江和汉水汇合处。
②　Because I like it　， I do it.
因为我喜欢，所以我才干。
③　Whatever/No matter what I suggest　， he always disagrees.
无论我建议什么，他总是不同意。
④He acted 　as if/though nothing had happened　.
他装得似乎什么事也未发生过。
⑤I ask him 　when we’ll go to the zoo， but he doesn’t know　.
我问他我们什么时候去动物园，但他不知道。
occupation n.工作，职业；消遣；侵占，占领期；使用
【教材原句】　It generally prepares people to work in a specific occupation by teaching theory in the classroom and offering hands-on training in the workplace.
它通常通过在课堂上教授理论和在工作场所提供实践培训，让人们在特定职业中工作作好准备。
【用法】
（1）occupy vt.　　占用，使用；占领，侵占；使忙于 occupy oneself （in） doing sth/with sth　　忙着做某事/忙于某事 （2）occupied adj.　　已被占用的；无空闲的；在使用中的；被占领的 be occupied （in） doing sth/with sth　　忙着做某事/忙于某事
【佳句】　What do you imagine will be your future occupation？你认为自己将来会从事什么职业呢？
One of his occupations is fishing， which occupies most of his spare time.他的业余活动之一是钓鱼，这占用了他大部分的空闲时间。
【联想】　表示“忙于做某事”的其他表达
be busy doing sth、be busy with sth、be engaged in doing sth
【练透】　单句语法填空
①　Occupied　 （occupy） with my assignments， I can’t go shopping with mother this morning.
②Choosing an 　occupation　 （occupy） takes time， and there are a lot of things you have to think about.
【写美】　句式升级
③Because they were occupied （in） making and selling popcorn， they spared no time to play around.
→　Occupying themselves （in） making and selling popcorn　， they spared no time to play around.（动词-ing短语作状语）
→　Occupied （in） making and selling popcorn　， they spared no time to play around.（过去分词短语作状语）
维度一：基础题型练
判断下面短文中句首标序号的类型并将其归类。
　　①International students can’t often return home for the holidays， but Brock University is among schools in Canada with programs that help keep their spirits alive during their time off.②Brock hosts winter programs that reach out to students who may feel alone or detached （分离的） from their families so that they can enjoy warm meals and share holiday traditions.
　　In 2021， Brock had about 1，900 international students.③The school’s international office said hundreds of them often remain in Canada for the holidays.④Being away from home can get quite tough at times； however， occasions like this make them feel at home.
　　Harsh Patel， a Master of Business Administration student， was born in Kenya and grew up in India.⑤Last year， he couldn’t return home， with the high cost of plane tickets and just a two-week break between terms.Therefore， he took part in Brock’s Home for the holiday program， which started in 2010 and has since become an annual program.⑥As part of the program， faculty （全体教师） members host events for students， whether it be a movie night， tea time or a Christmas dinner party.
1.简单句：　⑤　
2.并列句：　④　
3.主从复合句：　②③⑥　
4.并列主从复合句：　①　
维度二：语法与写作
根据汉语提示完成下列句子。
1.I don’t believe her， 　while what she said is true　.
我不相信她，尽管她说的是真的。
2.He didn’t sign up for the interview， 　which cost him a well-paid job　.
他没有报名参加面试，这使他失去了一份高薪工作。
3.　However/No matter how busy we are　， we should spare some time for our family every day.
不管多忙，我们都应该每天给家人腾出些时间来。
4.My hairstyle hasn’t changed much 　since I was five　.
从5岁起我的发型一直没大变化。
5.You had better take a taxi 　or you will be late　.
你最好打车，否则你会迟到的。
6.　There is no doubt that　 travelling broadens one’s horizons and increases one’s knowledge.
毫无疑问，旅行使人开阔眼界，增长知识。
7.　There is a small pool　 at the foot of the mountain.
山脚下有一个小池塘。
维度三：语法与语篇
阅读下面短文，用适当的连词填空。
　　Knowledge economy age is an age 1.　when　 new knowledge emerges much faster than ever before.Therefore， everyone should renew his or her knowledge， 2.　 otherwise/or　 he or she will be left behind in the society.
　　There 3. 　are　 （be） some ways to update knowledge.On the one hand， one can attend different courses at all types of schools， either part-time 4.　or　 full-time.On the other hand， self-study is a more convenient and practical method by 5.　which　 one can effectively renew his or her knowledge.
　　6.　Although/Though/While　 I am busy doing daily work， I still insist on teaching myself at night.In this way， I can not only keep up with the swift development of society 7.　but　 also apply new knowledge to my practical work， 8.　which　 benefits me a lot.
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
　　Museums have long tried to straddle （横跨） the line between being educational institutions and being spaces recognized for their high-class exhibits and collections， but a new industry trend may help change the way the general public interacts with museums.
　　On paper， the museum created by MICRO doesn’t seem as if it would make a splash.MICRO’s first exhibit space is tiny — about the size of a vending machine （自动售货机） — and highly specialized.It focuses entirely on one subject： mollusks （软体动物）.So why has it earned high praise from almost everyone？
　　This museum-in-a-box， created by MICRO founders Amanda Schochet and Charles Philipp， has some attention-drawing aspects.Its contents include a 3D-printed octopus （章鱼） brain and videos of various other mollusk species.In order to explain the unique sensory capabilities of species like an octopus， the creators used tiny human figures with sensory receptors all over their body， in roughly the same places as mollusks.The design of the mollusk museum is undeniably creative， but the most innovative characteristic might be its location.Because of its size， the museum can be moved quickly and easily using nothing more than a standard-sized SUV.The first box started its run at the main branch of the Brooklyn Public Library.The placement of this first box in one of the “other” boroughs （区） of New York was not random.MICRO seeks to make exhibits more accessible in places with fewer museums.In addition to the library， the organization has installed or plans to install boxes in community centers and in the Ronald McDonald House， among other places.
　　By downsizing its exhibits， MICRO seems to be changing the way that people interact with museums.“We believe that informal learning environments， like the Ronald McDonald House， can be incredibly powerful because of the element of surprise and the element of discovery，” said Charles Philipp.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了美国一家公司研发的微型博物馆，旨在让更多人有机会参观博物馆，让学习在不经意间发生。
1.What does the underlined part “make a splash” in Paragraph 2 mean？（　　）
A.Provide useful advice.　　
B.Promote a good deed.
C.Earn a large profit.　　
D.Draw much attention.
解析：D　词义猜测题。第三段首句衔接第二段内容，make a splash与第二段末句中的earned high praise from almost everyone及第三段首句中的has some attention-drawing aspects意义相近，意为“引起很大关注”。
2.What does the author intend to do in Paragraph 3？（　　）
A.Explain the question asked in the previous paragraph.
B.Provide the motivation for writing the text.
C.Introduce a new topic for discussion.
D.Add some background information.
解析：A　推理判断题。作者在第二段末句提出问题：到底是什么让该博物馆赢得大众的普遍赞誉？第三段是为解释该问题服务的；第三段谈到该博物馆为了向人们解释软体动物的奥秘下了大功夫，还谈到其选址的独特性：由于规格较小，可以随时移动，可在公共机构设置此类博物馆。
3.Where is MICRO more likely to install its museums？（　　）
A.In places that are thinly-populated.
B.In places with few community centers.
C.In places where many mollusks gather.
D.In places with a small number of museums.
解析：D　细节理解题。根据第三段中的MICRO seeks to make exhibits more accessible in places with fewer museums.可知，MICRO选址时更倾向于考虑博物馆比较少的地方，以满足这些区域的人们对展览的需求。
4.What is the best title for the text？（　　）
A.Big Ideas， Tiny Museums
B.Museums， Where Learning Occurs
C.Informal Learning， Good Learning
D.MICRO， Where You Encounter Mollusks
解析：A　标题归纳题。文章介绍了MICRO公司的微型博物馆，旨在让更多人有机会参观博物馆，让学习在不经意间发生。A项作标题最能概括文意。A项中的Tiny Museums指MICRO公司开发的这种自动售货机大小的博物馆，Big Ideas指MICRO公司的愿景。
B
　　It’s no secret that college is expensive.I received financial aid， and I was able to cover the cost of enrollment， books， supplies， course materials， and additional school-related fees.But I could not afford housing， transportation， food， healthcare， or other basic necessities.The longer each semester went on， the harder the choices became.
　　When spring semester ended that first year at college， I had good grades， but I did not have two quarters to my name.I decided that if I could afford to be a full-time student， I would need to work a full-time job.Soon， I started working at the airport as a cleaner of aircraft cabins.My first shift at the airport was a graveyard shift， where I detailed aircraft of varying sizes.During this total night shift， I had to do “deep cleaning”， which meant cleaning everything and even I had to check every safety compartment and replace any missing items.This could be disgusting work.
　　Another fact that upset me a lot was that working at the airport and going to school did not fit easily together.Some days I was too exhausted after a night shift to get to class.Other days I didn’t have time to complete school assignments owing to a busy workday.At the end of the fall semester， I received a final warning for my attendance at my job.Once again， I was between a rock and a hard place and had to make a decision.I wanted to go to school and excel， but I had also grown accustomed to financially supporting myself.
　　Ultimately， I chose to temporarily stop going to school and to continue working， a decision I would later regret.The airline closed for various reasons.I felt stupid.I had put a lot into this job， even sacrificing my education， and now I would have neither job nor education.I’d finally learned what my grandmother meant when she once said that your job is temporary， and your education is forever.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。为了负担得起成为一名全日制学生，作者开始做一份全职工作，结果因为出勤率问题收到了最后一次警告，只能选择暂时停止上学，继续工作。后来公司关闭了，作者为自己的决定感到后悔。
5.What can we infer about the author from Paragraph 1？（　　）
A.He met with a long boring semester.
B.Food accounted for his biggest expense.
C.He left himself financially embarrassed.
D.His financial aid could cover his necessities.
解析：C　推理判断题。根据第一段内容可知，作者得到了经济援助，能够负担得起入学费用、书籍、用品、课程材料和其他与学校相关的费用，但负担不起住房、交通、食物、医疗和其他基本生活必需品。由此可推知，作者在经济上陷入困境。
6.What does the underlined word “detailed” in Paragraph 2 most probably mean？（　　）
A.Cleaned.　　 B.Listed.
C.Repaired.　　 D.Replaced.
解析：A　词义猜测题。根据画线词上文可知，作者很快开始在机场做飞机客舱清洁工，因此在机场的第一个夜班，作者就要清理各种大小的飞机。由此可知，画线词意为“清理”。
7.Which of the following best describes the author in Paragraph 3？（　　）
A.Confused.　　 B.Critical.
C.Decisive.　　 D.Diligent.
解析：A　推理判断题。根据第三段内容可知，在机场工作和上学不太容易兼顾。在秋季学期结束时，作者因为出勤率问题收到了最后一次警告。作者又一次处于进退两难的境地，不得不作出决定。作者想去上学，取得优异成绩，但也已经习惯了在经济上养活自己。由此可推知，作者很困惑。
8.What is conveyed in the text？（　　）
A.He who makes no mistakes makes nothing.
B.Nothing is difficult to the man who will try.
C.One should be financially supported by himself.
D.The significance of schooling should be recognised.
解析：D　推理判断题。根据最后一段内容可知，作者为工作付出了很多，甚至牺牲了自己的教育，现在作者将既没有工作也没有教育。作者终于明白了祖母曾经说过的一句话：你的工作是暂时的，而你所受的教育是永远的。由此可推知，学校教育的重要性应该得到承认。
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
　　Whether you’re in high school or college， classes will be over in a few short months.If you’d like to work this summer， have you started looking for a job？ If not， now’s the time to search for positions， fill out applications， and get yourself hired.To get the process started， follow our tips below.
　　 Make or update your resume （简历）.Even if potential positions require you to submit an application， some may also ask for an accompanying resume. 9.（　　） You can also use free online tools to easily create a resume in minutes.
　　 Look ahead.10.（　　） Think forward to your hopes for the future， and try to find a position that might help you develop relevant skills or make helpful contacts.
　　 Drop by.If there’s a certain place where you’re interested in working， put on an appropriate outfit （装束）， get your resume in hand， and drop by.11.（　　） Be ready to give your 30-second speech that answers two questions：“Why do you want to work here？” and “Why should I hire you？”
　　 12.（　　） You might need to provide references to a potential employer， so chat with former bosses， current mentors （导师）， and anyone else you want to include on your list.
　　Remember， it’s important to get started on the summer job search now， as so many others will be looking for seasonal work.13.（　　） Keep looking for opportunities， using your networks， and thinking creatively.Soon you’ll have something lined up to keep you busy and earn you money for the summer months.
A.Get your references lined up.
B.Ask to speak with the manager.
C.Contact former employers immediately.
D.What do you want to do after you graduate from college？
E.It might make sense for you to stay in your college town or city.
F.Drop by the career services office at your school for resume help.
G.And don’t get discouraged if you can’t find something immediately.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章为有意打暑期工的学生提供了一些建议。
9.F　根据本段主题句可知，本段内容围绕resume 展开。设空处下一句中的also提示设空处与空后一句为递进关系，F项（去学校职业服务中心寻求简历方面的帮助）及设空处下一句“你也可以使用免费的网络工具轻松创建一份简历”为制作简历的两种方法。故F项符合语境。
10.D　根据本段小标题及设空处下一句可知，本段围绕毕业之后正式就业的事情展开。D项（你大学毕业后想要做什么？）与本段主题相符，建议读者在找暑期工作时，应该将眼光放长远些，最好找对以后正式就业有帮助的职位，为以后的正式就业打基础。
11.B　设空处上一句中的drop by、B项、设空处下一句中的give your 30-second speech为按照时间顺序发生的三个动作，这一连串动作将上下文衔接起来。
12.A　设空处为本段小标题，结合本段内容可知，本段围绕“工作推荐人、介绍人”展开。A项符合语境。A项中的references与本段中的references构成原词复现；本段中的former bosses、current mentors是references的具体人选。
13.G　G项中的can’t find something immediately与设空处下一句中的Keep looking for opportunities形成反义关系，将上下文衔接起来。
Ⅲ.完形填空
　　Two afternoons a week， Mikala Tardy walks six blocks from Eastern High School to Payne Elementary School.She 　14　 at the front desk just after 3：30 p.m.and makes her way to a 　15　， where she’ll be teaching second-and third-graders who are full of energy after the school day.
　　Mikala， a senior at Eastern High， 　16　 this work back in the ninth grade.It’s run by Reach， a Washington， D.C.nonprofit， that trains high school 　17　 like her to be reading tutors for elementary school students.It’s a tutoring program that works in two 　18　.It’s serving a vital need in the city： Two-thirds of students in D.C.public schools can’t 　19　 and write at grade level when they start high school.Reach 　20　 these older students to become better readers — by giving them the tools to teach younger kids.
　　Tutoring programs that 　21　 younger and older students are 　22　.But most rely on 　23　 students.Reach turns the 　24　 on its head： Most of the teenage tutors start the 　25　 reading between the fourth-and sixth-grade level.The tutors 　26　 training in literacy （读写能力） instruction and they’re 　27　 as role models.Mikala Tardy says she 　28　 reading a lot more than she did when she started almost four years ago.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了高中生教小学生阅读，在此过程中，双方的阅读水平都得到了提升。
14.A.checks out　　 B.wakes up
C.sits down　　 D.signs in
解析：D　根据下文the front desk和she’ll be teaching second-and third-graders可知，Mikala在前台登记后，走到教室。
15.A.park　　 B.classroom
C.hospital　　 D.library
解析：B　参见上题解析。
16.A.reported　　 B.left
C.began　　 D.created
解析：C　根据上文a senior at Eastern High和下文back in the ninth grade可知，Mikala现在是高中生，因此她从九年级开始这份工作。末段中的when she started almost four years ago也是提示。
17.A.teachers　　 B.students
C.players　　 D.foreigners
解析：B　根据上文Mikala， a senior at Eastern High和空后的like her可知，这里指像Mikala一样的高中生。
18.A.schools　　 B.communities
C.periods　　 D.directions
解析：D　根据空后两句可知，这是两个方面，表示Reach这个非营利机构既帮助读写能力差的学生，与此同时也让教他们的老师（高年级的学生）受益。
19.A.paint　　 B.speak
C.read　　 D.sing
解析：C　根据上文to be reading tutors for elementary school students可知，此处指华盛顿特区公立学校三分之二的学生在上高中时，不具备与年级水平相对应的阅读或写作能力。
20.A.forces　　 B.helps
C.asks　　 D.reminds
解析：B　破折号后的by giving them the tools to teach younger kids解释说明其前的内容，因此，Reach帮助这些高年级学生成为更好的阅读者。这里体现的是“教学相长”的思想，即教别人的同时也提升了自己。
21.A.turn down　　 B.pay back
C.pair up　　 D.look into
解析：C　根据上文trains high school ...to be reading tutors for elementary school students可知，很显然，这里的教师项目是将低年级和高年级学生进行配对。
22.A.common　　 B.interesting
C.annoying　　 D.ambitious
解析：A　根据该空后的But most以及接下来介绍Reach的不同做法可知，类似这种配对的教师项目很常见。
23.A.full-grown　　 B.so-called
C.high-achieving　　 D.fun-loving
解析：C　下文Most of the teenage tutors ...reading between the fourth-and sixth-grade level.是解答本题的关键信息，同类项目中的青少年教师都成绩优秀，而Reach开展的这个项目中，所选的青少年教师本身阅读水平并不高，因此四个选项中只有high-achieving与之构成对比，符合语境。
24.A.idea　　 B.excuse
C.habit　　 D.question
解析：A　冒号后的内容具体介绍Reach的做法。turn sth on its head意为“颠倒某事物预期的顺序”。
25.A.test　　 B.competition
C.meeting　　 D.program
解析：D　根据上文this work、a tutoring program、Tutoring programs可知，此处指这个教师项目。
26.A.refuse　　 B.receive
C.offer　　 D.discover
解析：B　根据tutors和training并结合上文trains high school ...可知，这些教师都是高中生，且阅读水平并不是很高，因此他们要接受读写能力指导的培训。
27.A.positioned　　 B.corrected
C.protected　　 D.included
解析：A　根据下文role models可知，这些教师被定位为榜样。
28.A.enjoys　　 B.suggests
C.explains　　 D.imagines
解析：A　reading a lot more than she did when she started almost four years ago是Mikala Tardy参加这个教师项目以来的变化和收获，由此可知，她比之前更喜欢阅读了。
Ⅳ.语法填空
　　Professor Stephen McNair has spent half a lifetime proving that it’s better to be happy than rich， a state best 29.　　　　　　 （achieve） through lifelong learning.
　　84-year-old Jim Kelly has in recent years devoted himself to learning a wide range 30.　　　　　　 subjects — everything from gardening to history.After school days interrupted by poverty， his impetus （动力） to study came from his granddaughter Becky 31.　　　　　　， as a two-year-old， grew frustrated （挫败的） with his inability 32.　　　　　　 （answer） her questions.“Don’t you know anything grandad？” she would ask.Now， 14 years later， he tells 33.　　　　　　 teenager he’s pleased she asked that question.
　　Maria Tolly is a 78-year-old Londoner.In 1989， health problems spelled an end to her career as a professional guitarist， until her commitment to making music 34.　　　　　　 （restore） by specialist music technology courses at Morley College London and the City Lit.“Studying at both institutions has proved that age is 35.　　　　　　 （relevant） — I feel so connected to life thanks to a 36.　　　　　　 （combine） of forgetting my age and realising how much I still have to learn.” Soon she had job opportunities 37.　　　　　　 （range） from after-school dance groups to composing a song for the 100th anniversary （周年纪念日） of her local park.
　　McNair says that in all the guidance about wellbeing， education is central， and it is 38.　　　　　 （particular） important for those in the latter stages of life.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了学习给老年人带来的积极影响。
29.achieved　考查非谓语动词。设空处作后置定语修饰a state，又因achieve与a state之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，故填achieved。
30.of　考查固定搭配。a wide range of是固定搭配，表示“范围广泛的”。故填of。
31.that/who　考查定语从句。设空处引导限制性定语从句，指代先行词his granddaughter Becky，且在从句中作主语，故填that/who。
32.to answer　考查非谓语动词。one’s inability to do sth是固定搭配，表示“某人不能做某事”，故填to answer。
33.the　考查冠词。设空处表示特指，the teenager特指上文中提到的his granddaughter Becky，故填定冠词the。
34.was restored　考查动词的时态和语态。根据设空处前的In 1989可知，设空处应用一般过去时，又因her commitment to making music与restore之间为被动关系，故填was restored。
35.irrelevant　考查词形转换。设空处在句中作表语，且根据语境可以推断出设空处应表示“无关的，不相干的”，故填irrelevant。
bination　考查名词。设空处前有冠词修饰，设空处后为介词of，故填名词combination。
37.ranging　考查非谓语动词。设空处为range from ...to ...结构，作后置定语，修饰名词短语job opportunities，且job opportunities与range之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，故填ranging。
38.particularly　考查词形转换。设空处作状语，修饰形容词important，应用副词，表示“特别地，尤其”，故填particularly。
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