【培优方案】UNIT 1 　Honesty and responsibility（讲义）（教师版）英语选择性必修第四册（译林版）

Section Ⅲ　Integrated skills
写一篇表达对“善意的谎言”理解的文章
　　本单元要求写一篇表达对“善意的谎言”理解的文章，属于表达观点类议论文。表达观点类议论文是一种剖析事物、论述事理、发表意见、提出主张的文体。在写作时，主要通过摆事实、讲道理使读者接受作者的观点。写作步骤是：第一段开门见山，描述现象或表明立场，提出自己的观点。中间段落说理论证自己的观点。为了使论证的层次更清晰，可以使用to begin with、what’s more、besides、in addition等衔接性的词语。最后一段再次表达自己的观点。具体写作结构为：
一、写作常用词汇
1.lie vi.& n.　 撒谎，谎言
2.awful adj.　　糟糕的
3.avoid vt.　　避免
4.honest adj.　　诚实的
5.truth n.　　事实，真相
6.forgive vt.　　原谅，宽恕
7.hurt vt.　　伤害
8.a crisis of trust　　信任危机
9.warmth and encouragement　　温暖和鼓励
10.contribute to　　有助于
11.the depressing situation　　沮丧的现状
12.feel cheated　　感到被欺骗
二、写作常用句式（注意加蓝部分的表达）
1.What’s the difference between a white lie and a lie？
善意的谎言和谎言之间有什么不同？
2.White lies refer to the little lies that we tell to protect others from the truth.
善意的谎言指的是我们为了保护他人不被真相所伤害而撒的小谎。
3.We tell a friend his new haircut is cool even if we think it’s awful.
我们告诉朋友他的新发型很酷，即使我们认为它很糟糕。
4.Telling a white lie can not only avoid hurting others’ feelings， but it has also magic power to give people much warmth and encouragement.
说善意的谎言不仅可以避免伤害别人的感情，而且它还有魔力，可以给人很多温暖和鼓励。
5.Telling white lies contributes to keeping others from being affected by our depressing situation.
说善意的谎言有助于让别人不受我们沮丧处境的影响。
6.People being lied to may feel cheated and depressed.
被骗的人可能会感到被欺骗和沮丧。
7.If a white lie is discovered， it can lead to a crisis of trust and possibly damage the relationship.
如果善意的谎言被发现，可能会导致信任危机，并可能损害关系。
8.When we tell a white lie， we had better take into consideration what the occasion at that time is and what the result it brings about.
当我们说善意的谎言时，我们最好考虑到当时的情况和它会带来的结果。
9.So I hold the idea that it is necessary to tell white lies in some special situations.
所以我认为在某些特殊情况下说一些善意的谎言是必要的。
10.White lies are harmless and useful and they make this world a more harmonious place.
善意的谎言是无害和有用的，它们使这个世界成为一个更和谐的地方。
　　假定你是李华，今天你班同学就“是否应该对得了不治之症的病人说善意的谎言”的话题展开讨论，同学们意见不一致。请你根据以下要点写一篇文章。
　　1.反对说善意的谎言的同学的观点及理由；
　　2.支持说善意的谎言的同学的观点及理由；
　　3.你的观点。
注意：1.写作词数应为80左右；
2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
第一步：审题谋篇，合理布局
第二步：遣词造句，规范得体
◎核心词汇
1.告知某人某事　　　inform sb of sth　
2.事实，真相　　　truth　
3.作出决定　　　make a decision/decisions　
4.可以接受的　　　acceptable　
5.失去希望　　　lose hope　
6.使情况更糟糕　　　make the situation worse　
7.取决于　　　depend on　
8.积极的态度　　　positive attitudes　
◎遣词造句
1.如果一个病人得了不治之症，他/她是否应该被告知真相？
　If a patient is suffering an incurable illness， should he or she be informed of the truth？　
2.有些学生反对。
　Some students are against it.　
3.他们坚持认为，病人应该被告知他们病情的真相，以便他们能够根据自己的健康状况作出适当的决定。
　They insist that the patients should be informed of the truth of their illness， so that they can make proper decisions according to their health.　
4.与上述观点相反，一些学生认为善意的谎言是可以接受的。
　Contrary to the above belief， some students hold the view that a white lie is acceptable.　
5.他们担心一旦被告知病情，病人可能会失去希望，这将使情况变得更糟。
　They worry that once told about their condition， patients may lose their hope， and this will make the situation worse.　
6.在我看来，人们是否应该说善意的谎言取决于病人是什么样的人。
　In my view， whether people should tell a white lie or not depends on what kind of person the patient is.　
7.如果病人有强烈的生存意志和积极的态度，告诉他们真相将有助于治疗。
　If the patient has a strong will to live and a positive attitude， telling them the truth will be helpful to the treatment.　
第三步：词句升级，彰显文采
1.用定语从句合并句2和句3
　Some students who are against it insist that the patients should be informed of the truth of their illness， so that they can make proper decisions according to their health.　
2.用非限制性定语从句改写句5
　They worry that once told about their condition， patients may lose their hope， which will make the situation worse.　
第四步：检查誊写，连句成篇
　　　If a patient is suffering an incurable illness， should he or she be informed of the truth？ Today our class have a discussion about it.　
　　　Some students who are against it insist that the patients should be informed of the truth of their illness， so that they can make proper decisions according to their health.Contrary to the above belief， some students hold the view that a white lie is acceptable.They worry that once told about their condition， patients may lose their hope， which will make the situation worse.　
　　　In my view， whether people should tell a white lie or not depends on what kind of person the patient is.If the patient has a strong will to live and a positive attitude， telling them the truth will be helpful to the treatment.But if the patient is the opposite， we had better not do so.　
【即时演练】　
　　假定你是李华，你的英国笔友Anne虽不喜欢朋友送的节日礼物，但仍对朋友说非常喜欢，因此感到不安。她发来邮件询问你对“善意的谎言”的看法和理解，请你给她回复一封邮件。内容包括：
　　1.举例说明什么是“善意的谎言”；
　　2.解释人们说“善意的谎言”的原因；
　　3.提出建议。
注意：1.写作词数应为80左右；
2.请按如下格式作答。
Dear Anne，
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
Yours，
Li Hua
参考范文：
Dear Anne，
　　I’m sorry to hear that you feel depressed now.What’s a white lie？ For instance， when someone cooks a meal for us that we dislike， we lie and say that the food is delicious.That is a white lie.
　　One main reason for telling a white lie is to make others feel better and another one is to give encouragement.If your friend asks you what you think of his singing， perhaps he wants some comments from you so that he can make himself improved gradually.But you may give him some encouragement and build up his confidence by telling a white lie.Besides， we may also tell a white lie when we want to protect others from bad news.Therefore， we may find white lies are well intended.So why not smile at a white lie？
Yours，
Li Hua
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
　　Don’t ignore the difference teenagers can make.
　　John Michael Thomas， 14， Florida
　　When John Michael Thomas decided to honor his friend and classmate Elizabeth Buckley， who died from cancer， he remembered how much she loved peacocks （孔雀）.He wanted to build a life-sized peacock fountain in Elizabeth’s favourite park in the city in memory of his friend.He thought it could be a place for people to relax and be inspired.John Michael raised 52，000 to build the fountain.
　　Barrett Smith， 13， Utah
　　The wheels began to turn for Barrett Smith when he heard about Karma Bike Shop， a place where young people can earn free bikes by reading and performing community service.
　　Barrett visited Karma’s owner with his idea： He would collect and repair used bikes and donate them to the shop.
　　He expected to get about 10 donated bikes.In the end， Barrett received 39.
　　Zachary Blohm， 15， Wisconsin
　　The 25-year-old playground at an elementary school near Milwaukee， Wisconsin was so small that only 70 of its 575 students could play on it at a time.
　　That’s when Zachary Blohm saved the day （扭转局面）.He and some volunteers wanted to build a huge playground.To raise money， Zachary planned T-shirt and bake sales， sold tickets and more.He held monthly money-raising events for more than a year.Overall， he collected 130，000 — enough to finish his project.
　　Jack Zimmerman， 16， New Jersey
　　For some people， finding a meal is as simple as opening the refrigerator.For more than 366，000 hungry kids in New Jersey， it’s not that easy.
　　That fact didn’t sit well with Jack Zimmerman， who organized a drive to lessen childhood hunger in his state.His goal： Create 40，000 packaged meals that could be donated to those in need.
　　On game day， Jack and his volunteers started their work.After the final count， the team had packaged 47，124 meals — well above Jack’s goal.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了四位青少年的善举。
1.The peacock fountain was built in a park 　　　.（　　）
A.to encourage people
B.to cure a cancer sufferer
C.to protect the animals
D.to cherish the memory of a teenager
解析：D　细节理解题。根据John Michael Thomas， 14， Florida部分中的He wanted to build a life-sized peacock fountain in Elizabeth’s favourite park in the city in memory of his friend.可知，孔雀喷泉建在一个公园里，是为了纪念Elizabeth Buckley。
2.What did Barrett do for Karma Bike Shop？（　　）
A.He repaired bikes there.
B.He donated bikes to it.
C.He helped it win customers.
D.He offered a reading service there.
解析：B　细节理解题。根据Barrett Smith， 13， Utah部分中的Barrett visited Karma’s owner with his idea： He would collect and repair used bikes and donate them to the shop.可知，Barrett为Karma自行车商店捐赠自行车。
3.What do the four people have in common？（　　）
A.They’re top students.
B.They like various public activities.
C.They are concerned about others.
D.They are money raisers for the poor.
解析：C　推理判断题。文中John Michael Thomas为纪念朋友建造孔雀喷泉，Barrett Smith为车店捐赠自行车，Zachary Blohm为建大操场筹集资金，Jack Zimmerman为减少饥饿儿童而组织活动。由此可推断出，这四个人都很有爱心，他们的共同点是关心他人。
B
　　（2024·江苏扬州高二统考期中）The history of humankind is littered with crafty and seasoned liars.Lying， it turns out， is something that most of us are highly skilled in.We lie with ease， in ways big and small， to strangers， co-workers， friends， and loved ones.Being dishonest is woven into our very fabric， so that it would be truthful to say that to lie is human.
　　Like learning to walk and talk， lying is something of a developmental milestone.While parents often find their children’s lies troubling — for they signal the beginning of a loss of innocence — Kang Lee， a psychologist， sees the emergence of the behavior in children as a comforting sign that their cognitive growth is on track.
　　To study lying in children， Lee and his colleagues use a simple experiment.They ask kids to guess the identity of toys hidden from their view， based on an audio clue.The sound played has nothing to do with the toy.“So you play Beethoven， but the toy’s a car，” Lee explains.The experimenter leaves the room， using the excuse of taking a phone call — a lie for the sake of science — and asks the child not to peek at the toy.Returning， the experimenter asks the child for the answer， following up with the question：“Did you peek or not？”
　　Most children can’t resist peeking.The percentage of the children who peek and then provide false statements about it depends on their age.Among two-year-old， only 30 per cent are mendacious.Among three-year-old， 50 per cent lie.And by eight， about 80 per cent claim they didn’t peek.
　　What drives this increase in lying is the development of a child’s ability to put himself or herself in someone else’s shoes.Known as theory of mind， this is the facility we acquire for understanding the beliefs， intentions， and knowledge of others.What then might be the best way to block the rapid advance of untruths into our lives？ The answer isn’t clear.Technology has opened up a new frontier for dishonesty， adding a 21st-century twist to the age-old problem.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。说谎是人类的天性，文章通过对不同年龄的孩子进行实验告诉我们，撒谎意味着正常的成长。
4.What can we learn about the human tendency to lie？（　　）
A.It is a rare occurrence.
B.It is part of human nature.
C.It emerges in adulthood.
D.It results from human greed.
解析：B　细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句可知，说谎是人的本性。
5.Which statement will Kang Lee probably agree with？（　　）
A.Children who lie are more likely to fail.
B.Parents should prevent children from lying.
C.Lying in children suggests a normal growth.
D.Lying is a sign of a child’s loss of innocence.
解析：C　推理判断题。根据第二段中的Kang Lee， a psychologist， sees the emergence of the behavior in children as a comforting sign that their cognitive growth is on track.可知，Kang Lee认为撒谎意味着正常的成长。
6.What were the children asked to do in the experiment？（　　）
A.Determine the names of the hidden items.
B.Provide false statements about their actions.
C.Hide toys from the view of the experimenter.
D.Guess the link between toys and sound clues.
解析：A　细节理解题。根据第三段中的They ask kids to guess the identity of toys hidden from their view， based on an audio clue.可知，试验中孩子们被要求断定隐藏着的玩具的名称。
7.What does the underlined word “mendacious” in Paragraph 4 mean？（　　）
A.Cooperative.　　 B.Trustworthy.
C.Irresponsible.　　 D.Untruthful.
解析：D　词义猜测题。根据第四段第二句可知，画线词所在句讲述的是撒谎的孩子的比例，由此推断画线词所在句意为“在两岁的孩子中，只有30％的孩子说谎了”。因此画线词mendacious意为“说谎的”，与untruthful同义。
C
　　Not every man is cut out to be a father.If the thought of fatherhood fills you with fear， maybe it isn’t for you or maybe it’s a sign that you take the responsibility of fatherhood seriously.
　　As a parent， you are always going to have to trust your instincts （本能）.There’s no comprehensive rule book on parenting.You’ll screw up sometimes.Hopefully， your husband or wife will be there to nudge （鼓励） you in the right direction.And， as in many other aspects of life， doing the right thing will rarely make you popular.Your kids will need limits and discipline， and some days they will get angry with you for it.But the kids know on some level that they need limits and that the responsible parent who is setting and enforcing them is doing so because he or she cares.It’s the children whose parents allow them to do anything they want who often harbour doubts about whether they are really loved.
　　Certainly， we can find meaning in a lot of places in life.But for most of us who have seen the emergence of a small baby， fatherhood gives life unparalleled meaning.Parenthood， for a lot of us， may well be an antidepressant — not because you always feel good， but because you no longer have any time to sit around feeling bad.Your kids will always need you in one way or another — first for bottle-feeding， then as fellow pretend superheroes and to apply Band-Aids to skinned knees， and then， when they are teenagers， as a free personal Uber service or， once in a great while， for unexpected deep talks about the meaning of life.
　　I know what I did with my kids day after day， night after night， year over year， mattered so much.I won’t pretend to have everything figured out about life， but I did figure out the immeasurable value in being one link in a great chain of family， stretching back to our ancestors and continuing into the future， into whatever the world throws at us next.
语篇解读：本文是一篇议论文。作者探讨了为人父母，特别是作为一个父亲应尽的义务和应担负的责任以及作为一个父亲的重大意义和价值。
8.What does the underlined phrase “screw up” in Paragraph 2 mean？（　　）
A.Mess up.　　 B.Feel down.
C.Stay strong.　　 D.Get inspired.
解析：A　词义猜测题。根据第二段第二句及第四句可知，养育子女没有全面的指导手册，希望你的丈夫或妻子能帮助你向着正确的方向前进。据此推断，画线短语所在句表示有时候你会出错。由此可猜测，screw up意为“把……弄糟；出错”，与mess up意思相近。
9.Which statement will the author probably agree with？（　　）
A.Parenting books are essential for parents.
B.Strict parents are popular with their kids.
C.Disciplining kids is a way to show love.
D.Kids seldom understand parents’ intentions.
解析：C　推理判断题。根据第二段中的It’s the children whose parents allow them to do anything they want who often harbour doubts about whether they are really loved.可知，作者认为管教孩子是爱的一种表现。
10.Why does the author mention the things a parent does for kids in Paragraph 3？（　　）
A.To share some parenting tips.
B.To stress the difficulty of parents.
C.To recall the growth of his kids.
D.To show the value of being a parent.
解析：D　推理判断题。根据第三段内容可知，父亲的角色赋予了生命无与伦比的意义，对我们很多人来说，为人父母很可能是一种抗抑郁剂，你的孩子总是会以这样或那样的方式需要你。由此推断，作者提到父母为孩子所做的事情是为了说明做父母的重要性。
11.How does the author mainly feel about fatherhood？（　　）
A.Fearful.　　 B.Stressed.
C.Proud.　　 D.Amused.
解析：C　推理判断题。根据最后一段内容可知，作者认为自己作为父亲为孩子们做的事情很重要，是家庭延续不可缺少的一部分，有着不可估量的价值。由此推断，作者为自己的父亲身份感到自豪。
D
　　People trained to detect lies often rely on multiple signs， such as eye contact， length of responses and the details in what people say， but studies have shown that assessing a wide range of behavioural information can make it harder to decide if someone is lying.Bruno Verschuere at the University of Amsterdam and his colleagues wondered whether solely focusing on the detail of statements could provide more consistent results.
　　To test this idea， researchers asked 44 students to go for a walk or steal from a mock （模仿的） crime.Students were instructed to lie if they committed the fake theft.
　　Next， the researchers recruited 171 people to watch six truthful and six deceptive （欺骗的） interviews from these recordings， ranking interviewees’ eye contact and detail level.The results revealed that both truth-tellers and liars averted （转移） their gaze a similar amount， but truthful statements were substantially more detailed than deceptive ones， suggesting the latter is a more useful way to tell that someone is lying.
　　The researchers then asked 405 people to judge the true nature of six truthful and six deceptive statements randomly chosen from the interviews.Around half of the participants used multiple cues to identify liars.The remaining participants solely ranked the level of detail in answers on a scale of 1 to 10， with 6 or above counting as truthful.Those using multiple cues distinguished lies from the truth 59％ of the time， while those relying solely on detail achieved 66％.
　　“Our take is that using just one cue can provide a simpler way to judge lies from the truth，” says Verschuere.“Nevertheless， in the real world， you would probably need to confirm the accuracy of statements through extra investigations or follow-up questions.”
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。阿姆斯特丹大学的布鲁诺·维苏耶雷和他的同事们进行了一项研究，以证实只依靠陈述的细节来识别说谎者是相对容易的。
12.Bruno Verschuere and his colleagues conducted the research to confirm that 　　　　.（　　）
A.behavioural information played a vital role in finding out the truth
B.it’s relatively easier to identify liars by relying only on the detail of statements
C.truth-tellers and liars shared something in common when performing the task
D.people should be trained to detect lies by referring to multiple cues
解析：B　细节理解题。根据第一段内容可知，布鲁诺·维苏耶雷和他的同事们进行这项研究是想证实只依靠陈述的细节来识别说谎者是相对容易的。
13.What can we learn from Paragraphs 3 and 4？（　　）
A.Truthful statements included considerably more details than deceptive ones.
B.Liars turned away their eyes more often than truth-tellers.
C.It’s difficult for participants to detect liars by using multiple cues like eye contact.
D.Participants who relied on one cue can distinguish lies from the truth faultlessly.
解析：A　细节理解题。根据第三、四段内容可知，研究结果显示，说真话的人和说谎者回避目光的程度相似，但真实的陈述比欺骗性的陈述包含更多的细节。
14.What did Verschuere think of the real-life application of his research？（　　）
A.It had no potential market.
B.It made no sense.
C.It could be perfectly applied.
D.It had some limitations.
解析：D　推理判断题。根据最后一段内容可知，维苏耶雷指出在现实世界中，你可能需要通过额外的调查或后续问题来确认陈述的准确性，即他认为他的研究应用于现实生活中会有一些局限性。
15.What’s the author’s purpose in writing the passage？（　　）
A.To introduce readers to the classification of lies.
B.To encourage readers to apply the results in real life.
C.To inform readers of scientific findings on detecting liars.
D.To warn readers of psychological harm of telling a lie.
解析：C　写作意图题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了评估范围广泛的行为信息会让判断一个人是否在撒谎变得更加困难，阿姆斯特丹大学的布鲁诺·维苏耶雷和他的同事们进行了一项研究，以证实只依靠陈述的细节来识别说谎者是相对容易的。由此可推知，作者写本文的主要目的是告知读者关于识别说谎者的科学发现。
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
　　Teenage years are one of the most exciting yet confusing stages in a person’s life.You are no longer a child， yet not quite an adult.16.（　　） One of them is your pastime.
　　Some pastimes have no moral implications.For example， shall we play basketball or soccer？17.（　　） Some examples include attending a party where there will be alcohol and drugs freely given out， lying to your parents or even skipping school to watch a movie with some friends.How do you respond？ Will you follow them？
　　Wanting to feel part of a group may force you to do things against your better judgement.However， it is okay to say no to anything that is illegal， or potentially causes harm or is hurtful to you or others.18.（　　） But you do not let that stop you from standing up to peer pressure and being true to yourself.If your friends are true friends， they will respect your decision and not force you to join them.
　　There are some steps you may take to keep away from negative peer pressure.Firstly， stay away from friends who force you to do things that you know are wrong.Instead， spend more time with friends who share the same value as you.19.（　　） And if a situation gets out of hand， do not hesitate to approach an adult you trust for help.
　　It may not always be easy to resist peer pressure， but do know that you will feel good about yourself later.And even without you realizing it， you may have been a catalyst in your group to bring about a positive change.20.（　　）
A.This is when you form a new habit of making friends.
B.Next， be true to yourself and stick to what you believe in.
C.You are at a time of exploration， trying to find out your preferences.
D.These peers no longer have the ability to develop their own personality.
E.You may be afraid to refuse for fear of losing friends or being laughed at.
F.However， there are other choices that need to be made based on your values in life.
G.Others in your group may just follow your lead and gain courage to do the right thing.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了青少年时期的一些特点以及远离消极同伴压力的方法。
16.C　上文提到了青少年时期是最令人困惑的阶段之一，且下文提到了消遣，因此本句旨在说明这一阶段的特点，C项（你处在一个探索的时期，试图找出自己的喜好）符合语境。
17.F　上文提到了不涉及道德判断的消遣，下文的例子则是关于道德判断的。由此可知，设空处应承上启下，F项符合语境，与上文构成转折关系，并引出下文的例子。
18.E　根据上文可知，想要融入群体可能会迫使你做一些违背自己正确判断的事情，下文则提到这并不会阻止你做真实的自己。由此可推测，本句旨在说明你因为害怕失去朋友或被嘲笑而不敢拒绝。故E项符合语境。
19.B　上文提到的是远离消极同伴压力的第一点措施，本句应说明远离消极同伴压力的第二点措施，故B项（其次，忠于自己的想法并坚持自己所相信的）符合语境。
20.G　上文提到：你可能已经成为团队中的催化剂，带来了积极的改变。G项（团队中的其他人可能会跟随你的领导并有勇气做正确的事情）符合语境，指出带来的具体改变。
Ⅲ.应用文写作
　　假定你是李华，你校交换生Chris对你上周参加的志愿者活动很感兴趣，发来邮件向你询问相关情况。请你给他回一封邮件，内容包括：
　　1.活动介绍；
　　2.你的收获。
注意：1.写作词数应为80左右；
2.请按如下格式作答。
Dear Chris，
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
Yours，
Li Hua
参考范文：
Dear Chris，
　　Glad to receive your email asking about the voluntary activity I took part in last week.I’ll tell you some details about it.
　　Our school organized a voluntary activity to help the elderly in the local nursing home， and I got actively involved， talking with the old people and trying my best to amuse them.Looking at their smiling faces， I believe I’ve made a difference to their lives.I also realized the importance of having family close by.I made up my mind that I would spend more time with my grandparents.
Yours，
Li Hua
10 / 11Section Ⅰ　Welcome to the unit & Reading
After Twenty Years
　　[1]The policeman on the beat① walked along the street as he always did.It was barely②ten o’clock at night.When he had walked about halfway around a certain block， the policeman suddenly slowed down③. [2]In the doorway of a store stood a man， with an unlit④ cigar in his mouth.As the policeman walked up to him the man spoke up quickly.
　　“It’s all right， officer，” he said.“I’m just waiting for a friend. [3]It’s an appointment⑤ made twenty years ago. [4]There used to be a restaurant where this store stands—‘Big Joe’ Brady’s restaurant.”
　　[1]句中as he always did为as引导的方式状语从句，as意为“正如……”。
　　[2]表示地点的介词短语置于句首时，常用完全倒装结构，本句的主语是a man。正常语序为A man， with an unlit cigar in his mouth， stood in the doorway of a store。
　　[3]过去分词短语made twenty years ago作后置定语，修饰名词appointment。
　　[4]There used to be ...意为“过去常常有……”；where引导地点状语从句。
　　“It was here until five years ago，” said the policeman.“It was torn down⑥ then.”
　　The man in the doorway struck a match⑦ and lit his cigar.The light showed a pale face， with keen⑧ eyes， a square jaw and a little white scar⑨ near his right eyebrow⑩.His scarfpin was a large diamond ， oddly set.
　　“Twenty years ago tonight，” said the man， “I dined here with Jimmy Wells， my best friend.He and I were just like two brothers.I was eighteen and Jimmy was twenty.The next morning I was to leave New York and travel to the West to make my fortune .[5]Well， we agreed that night that we would meet here again exactly twenty years from that date and time， no matter what our conditions might be or from what distance we might have to come.We figured that in twenty years each of us ought to have built a life and made our fortunes.”
　　“It sounds pretty interesting，” said the policeman.“Rather a long time between meetings， though.Haven’t you heard from your friend since you left？”
　　“Well， we kept in touch for a year or two， and then we lost contact.[6]But I know Jimmy will meet me here if he’s alive， for he always was the truest and most reliable fellow in the world.He’ll never forget.I came a thousand miles to stand in this doorway tonight， and it’s worthwhile if my old partner turns up .”
　　[5]第二个that引导宾语从句，作agreed的宾语；该宾语从句中no matter what引导让步状语从句。that night用作时间状语。
　　[6]句中for意为“因为”，为并列连词，连接表示因果关系的两个并列分句；第一个分句中I know是主句，Jimmy will meet me here if he’s alive为省略了引导词that的宾语从句，该宾语从句中if引导条件状语从句。
　　The waiting man pulled out a handsome watch， set with small diamonds.It was three minutes to ten.
　　“I’ll be on my way，” said the policeman.“Hope your friend turns up.”
　　“I’ll give him half an hour at least.Bye， officer.”
　　[7]The man who had come a thousand miles to keep an appointment with the friend of his youth smoked his cigar and waited.[8]About twenty minutes later， a tall man in a long overcoat， with collar turned up to his ears， hurried toward him.
　　[7]who引导定语从句，修饰先行词man；动词不定式短语to keep an appointment with the friend of his youth作目的状语。
　　[8]with复合结构“with＋宾语＋过去分词短语（宾语补足语）”作状语。
　　“Is that you， Bob？” he asked， doubtfully.
　　“Is that you， Jimmy Wells？” shouted the man in the doorway.
　　“Bless my heart！” cried the new arrival.“Well， well， well！[9]Twenty years is a long time！How has the West treated you， old man？”
　　“It has given me everything I asked it for.You’ve changed lots， Jimmy.I never thought you were tall by two or three inches .”
　　“Oh， I grew a bit after I was twenty.Come on， Bob；we’ll go to a place I know and have a good long talk about old times.”
　　The two men walked up the street， arm in arm .The man from the West was beginning to outline the history of his career.[10]At the corner stood a drugstore， brilliant with electric lights.Each of them turned to stare at the other’s face.The man from the West stopped suddenly and released his arm.
　　[9]时间复数名词Twenty years作主语时，作为一个整体看待时，谓语动词一般用单数形式。
　　[10]表示地点的介词短语At the corner置于句首，句子使用完全倒装。形容词短语brilliant with electric lights用作后置定语；正常语序为A drugstore， brilliant with electric lights， stood at the corner。
　　“As I suspected ， you’re not Jimmy Wells，” he said， impatiently with anger.[11]“Twenty years is a long time， but not long enough to change the shape of a man’s nose.”
　　“It sometimes changes a good man into a bad one，” said the tall man， taking charge of the situation.“You’ve been under arrest for ten minutes，‘Silky’ Bob.Chicago police thought you might have dropped over our way and wired us.They want to have a chat with you.Before we go to the station， here’s a note for you.It’s from Patrolman Wells.”
　　The man from the West unfolded the paper.The note was rather short.
　　“Bob： I was at the appointed place on time .[12]When you struck the match to light your cigar I saw it was the face of the criminal wanted in Chicago.Anyhow I couldn’t arrest you myself， so I got a plain-clothes man to do the job.JIMMY.”
　　（Adapted from O.Henry’s short story of the same title）
　　[11]句中long enough to change ... 为“形容词＋enough＋to do sth”结构。
　　[12]句中When引导时间状语从句，动词不定式短语to light your cigar用作目的状语；主句谓语动词saw之后接省略that的宾语从句it was the face of the criminal wanted in Chicago。
【读文清障】
①on the beat （警察）值勤，当班，巡逻
②barely adv.刚好；仅仅，勉强可能；几乎不；刚才
③slow down 放慢，减速
④unlit adj.未点燃的
⑤appointment n.约定，约会；任命，委托；职务
appoint vt.任命，委任；安排，确定（时间、地点）
⑥tear down 拆毁，拆除
⑦strike a match 擦/划火柴
⑧keen adj.灵敏的，敏锐的；渴望，热切，热衷于
⑨scar n.伤疤；（精神上的）创伤；污点
⑩eyebrow n.眉毛
scarfpin n.围巾夹，领带别针
diamond n.钻石
make one’s fortune 发财
reliable adj.可信赖的，可依靠的；真实可信的，可靠的
rely vi.依赖；依靠；信赖
worthwhile adj.值得花时间（或花钱、努力等），重要的，令人愉快的
turn up （常指出其不意地或经长久等待后）出现，到来，露面
keep an appointment赴约，践约
collar n.衣领；颈圈；圈，箍
bless vt.（表示惊奇）；祝福
blessing n.祝福；幸运
blessed adj.有福的
inch n.英寸；少量，短距离
arm in arm 臂挽着臂
outline vt.概述，略述
n.概述；轮廓线，略图
suspect vt.& vi.疑有，觉得
n.嫌疑犯，可疑对象
take charge of 负责；控制，掌管
arrest n.& vt.逮捕，拘捕
under arrest 被逮捕
wire vt.给（某人）打电 报；接通（电源）
n.金属丝；电线；铁丝网
on time 按时，准时
criminal n.罪犯
adj.犯法的，犯罪的；刑事的；不道德的
crime n.犯罪活动；不法行为
anyhow adv.不过，总之；尽管；而且；随便地
plain-clothes adj.穿便衣的
【参考译文】
二十年后
　　当班巡逻的警察像往常一样沿街走着。差不多要到晚上十点了。当他绕着一个街区走了大约一半时，突然放慢了脚步。一个男人站在一家店门口，嘴里叼着一支未点燃的雪茄。当警察向他走来时，那个男人立马大声开口说话了。
　　“没什么事，警官，”他说，“我只是在等一个朋友。这是二十年前定下的一个约定。这家店的位置以前是一家餐馆——‘大乔’布雷迪餐厅。”
　　“直到五年前它还在这里，”警察说，“后来被拆掉了。”
　　门口那个男人划了根火柴，点燃了雪茄。火光映出他苍白的脸，他有一双锐利的眼睛，方下巴，右边眉毛附近还有一道小小的白色伤疤。他的领带夹是一颗硕大的钻石，镶嵌得有些古怪。
　　“二十年前的今晚，”那个男人说，“我和我最好的朋友吉米·韦尔斯在这里吃饭。他和我就像兄弟俩。那时我十八岁，吉米二十岁。第二天早上，我就要离开纽约，出发去西部发财。好吧，那天晚上我们约定，二十年后的同一日期、同一时间，我们将再次在此相聚，不管我们的处境将会如何，也不管来的路程会有多远。我们觉得，二十年的时间里，我们两个都会拥有自己的生活，并且发家致富。”
　　“听起来很不错，”警察说，“不过两次会面间隔了相当长的时间。自从你离开后，你难道没有收到过你朋友的信息？”
　　“哦，我们联络了一两年，然后就断了联系。但是我知道如果吉米还活着就一定会来这里见我，因为他一直是这个世界上最真诚、最可靠的伙伴。他绝对不会忘的。我千里迢迢赶过来，就是为了今晚能站在这个门口，如果我的老伙计出现，那一切都是值得的。”　　等待的男人掏出一块镶有小钻石的精致手表。还有三分钟就到十点了。
　　“我得走了，”警察说，“希望你的朋友出现。”
　　“我至少会再等他半小时。再见，警官。”
　　那个千里迢迢赶来与年少时的朋友赴约的男人抽着雪茄，等待着。大约二十分钟后，一个高个子男人急匆匆地径直向他走来。那人穿着一件长大衣，衣领竖着，翻到耳朵边。
　　“是你吗，鲍勃？”他迟疑地问道。
　　“是你吗，吉米·韦尔斯？”门口的男人喊道。
　　“老天保佑！”新来的人大声说，“啧，啧，啧！二十年可真久啊！西部对你怎么样，老伙计？”
　　“它给了我想要的一切。你的变化不小啊，吉米。我根本没想到你长高了两三英寸。”
　　“哦，二十岁过后我又长了点个儿。来吧，鲍勃，我们去一个我知道的地方，好好叙叙旧。”
　　两个人臂挽着臂沿街走着。那个西部来的男人开始讲起他的事业成功史。街拐角处有一家药店，电灯通明。两人都转过身来仔细看着对方的脸。西部来的男人突然停了下来，松开了他的手臂。
　　“正如我所怀疑的，你不是吉米·韦尔斯，” 他愤怒且不耐烦地说道，“二十年确实很长，但还没长到改变一个人鼻子的形状。”
　　“二十年的时间有时候会把一个好人变成坏人，”高个子男人一边说着，一边掌控住了局势。“你已经被捕十分钟了，‘滑头’鲍勃。芝加哥警方料到你可能会顺道来我们这里，给我们发了电报。他们想和你聊聊。在我们去警局之前，这还有张便条给你，是巡警韦尔斯写的。”
　　那个西部来的男人展开了纸条。这张便条相当短。
　　“鲍勃：我准时到了约定的地点。你划火柴点雪茄时，我发现这就是芝加哥被警方通缉的那个罪犯的脸。无论如何，我自己不忍心逮捕你，所以我找了一位便衣警察来做这件事。吉米。”
　　 （改编自欧·亨利的同名短篇小说）
第一步：析架构，理文本脉络
Read the passage quickly and fill in the blanks with suitable words.
第二步：精读文，达明察秋毫
Read the passage carefully and choose the best answer.
1.For what purpose did Bob travel to the West twenty years ago？（　　）
A.To make his fortune.
B.To meet his friend.
C.To enjoy the scenery.
D.To join the army.
2.What do we know about “Big Joe” Brady’s restaurant from the passage？（　　）
A.It was run by Bob and Jimmy together.
B.It was still in business after twenty years.
C.It was a famous restaurant in the neighbourhood.
D.It was the place where Bob and Jimmy had promised to meet.
3.What can be inferred from the man’s words about Jimmy？（　　）
A.He felt disappointed at not seeing Jimmy.
B.He firmly believed Jimmy was a reliable person.
C.He and Jimmy never contacted each other before.
D.Jimmy was too far away to arrive on time.
4.When did Jimmy know Bob was the criminal wanted in Chicago？（　　）
A.When Bob was arrested.
B.After they had a long chat.
C.When he saw Bob at the first sight.
D.When Bob struck a match to light his cigar.
5.What was Jimmy’s career？（　　）
A.He was a businessman.
B.He was a policeman.
C.He was a criminal.
D.He was a restaurant owner.
6.Why did the tall man turn up his collar to the ears？（　　）
A.Because it was too cold.
B.Because he didn’t want to see Bob.
C.Because he was afraid of seeing the policeman.
D.Because he didn’t want to be recognised by Bob.
7.What is Jimmy’s attitude towards Bob’s current situation？（　　）
A.Broken-hearted.　　 B.Satisfied.
C.Indifferent.　　 D.Optimistic.
答案：1－7　ADBDBDA
第三步：通词句，学语言表达
1.词汇学习——循规律，记单词
由barely联想-ly副词构词法
barely adv.刚好；仅仅，勉强可能；几乎不；刚才“bare＋-ly”，表示一种程度。
后缀 用法及意义 例词
-ly 加在形容词之后 表示某种状态 cheerfully、slightly、simply、possibly、excitedly
表示某个方面 economically、technically
表示程度 或范围 completely、deeply、highly
后缀 用法及意义 例词
-ly 加在形容词之后 表示时间 recently、regularly、usually
表示次序 firstly、secondly
表示方向 eastwardly、northwardly
2.美句欣赏——赏佳句，品用法
伏笔是文学创作中叙事的一种情节安排技巧，指作者对将要在作品中出现的人物或事件，预先作的提示或暗示。伏笔用得好，可使全文前后呼应，结构更严谨，情节发展更合理，前因后果更分明。
课文After Twenty Years的结尾既在意料之外，又在情理之中，这是因为作者在文中早就埋下了伏笔。请从课文中找出使用伏笔的句子。
（1）　The man in the doorway struck a match and lit his cigar.The light showed a pale face， with keen eyes， a square jaw and a little white scar near his right eyebrow.His scarfpin was a large diamond， oddly set.　
（2）　“It has given me everything I asked it for.You’ve changed lots， Jimmy.I never thought you were tall by two or three inches.”　
Part Ⅰ　核心词汇集释
appointment n.约定，约会；任命，委托；职务
【教材原句】　It’s an appointment made twenty years ago.
这是二十年前定下的一个约定。
【用法】
（1）make/have an appointment with sb　 与某人约定/约会 keep/break an appointment　　守/违（爽）约 （2）appoint vt. 安排，确定（时间、地点）；任命，委任 appoint sb as/to be ... 任命/委任某人为…… appoint sb to do sth 指定/委派某人做某事 （3）appointed adj.　　　　　约定的，指定的 at the appointed time/place　　在约定的时间/地点
【佳句】　A punctual person is in the habit of doing a thing at the proper time and never breaks an appointment.
一个守时的人有在适当的时间做一件事的习惯，从不违约。
【点津】　appointment表示“约会”时，通常用作可数名词；表示“任命；任职”时，多为不可数名词。
【练透】　单句语法填空
①Yesterday， Sam 　was appointed　 （appoint） as manager of the engineering department.
②I was appointed 　to take　 （take） charge of arranging all the activities on that day.
③At this time， the judge will appoint a court lawyer 　to defend　 （defend） the suspect if he can’t afford one.
④I regret to tell you that I can’t go for a walk together with you at the 　appointed　 （appoint） time this weekend.
【写美】　句式升级
⑤He was appointed as president of the university yesterday.He is giving a speech on the platform now.
→　Appointed as president of the university yesterday　， he is giving a speech on the platform now.（分词作状语）
reliable adj.可信赖的，可依靠的；真实可信的，可靠的
【教材原句】　But I know Jimmy will meet me here if he’s alive， for he always was the truest and most reliable fellow in the world.但是我知道如果吉米还活着就一定会来这里见我，因为他一直是这个世界上最真诚、最可靠的伙伴。
【用法】
（1）reliable sources　　可靠消息来源 reliable information　　可靠的信息 reliable quality　　质量可靠 （2）rely vi.　　依赖，依靠，信赖 rely on/upon sb/sth　　依靠/依赖/指望某人/某事 rely on/upon sb to do sth 依靠/依赖/指望某人做某事 rely on/upon it that ...　相信/指望……（it为形式宾语，that从句是真正的宾语） （3）reliability n.　　可靠性
【佳句】　Actually， he is an honest and reliable person， whom you can depend on.
实际上，他是一个诚实、可靠的人，你可以信赖他。
【练透】　单句语法填空
①You can rely on 　it　 that he will stick to his own principles.
②Relying too much 　on/upon　 computers makes us lazier and less creative both mentally and physically.
③Most working women have to rely on parents 　to look　 （look） after their children.
④Everyone would agree that not all information on the Internet is 　reliable　 （rely）.
【写美】　句式升级
⑤You may rely on him to act like a decent guy.
→You may 　rely on it that　 he may act like a decent guy.（it作形式宾语）
worthwhile adj.值得花时间（或花钱、努力等），重要的，令人愉快的
【教材原句】　I came a thousand miles to stand in this doorway tonight， and it’s worthwhile if my old partner turns up.我千里迢迢赶过来，就是为了今晚能站在这个门口，如果我的老伙计出现，那一切都是值得的。
【用法】
值得做某事 （2）be worthy （3）be worth
【佳句】　Though the book is a bit dear， it is worthwhile buying/to buy it.
虽然这本书虽然有点贵，但值得买。
【点津】　（1）worth一般用作表语，其前可用程度副词well修饰，不能用very修饰。be worth doing为主动形式表示被动意义；而worthy和worthwhile既可作表语又可作定语。
（2）worthy作定语修饰名词时，表示“值得尊敬的，值得敬仰的”，作表语时表示“值得（或应得）……的”。
【练透】　单句语法填空
①These stories in this column are worthy of 　being read　 （read）， because they can relieve my stress and broaden my horizons.
②Even though you disagree with the principles， they are still worth 　listening　 （listen） to.
【写美】　一句多译
③这本参考书值得买，因为它对你的学习很有帮助。
→The reference book 　is worth buying　， because it is a great help for your study.（worth）
→The reference book 　is worthy to be bought　， because it is a great help for your study.（worthy）
→The reference book 　is worthy of being bought　， because it is a great help for your study.（worthy）
→　It is worthwhile buying/to buy　 the reference book， because it is a great help for your study.（worthwhile）
suspect vt.& vi.疑有，觉得 n.嫌疑犯，可疑对象
【教材原句】　“As I suspected， you’re not Jimmy Wells，” he said， impatiently with anger.
“正如我所怀疑的，你不是吉米·韦尔斯，” 他愤怒且不耐烦地说道。
【用法】
（1）suspect （that）...　 　怀疑/认为…… suspect ... of （doing/having done） sth　　怀疑……（做了）某事 suspect sb/sth as/to be ... 　　怀疑某人/某物是…… （2）suspicious adj.　　怀疑的；可疑的 be suspicious of/about　　对……怀疑 （3）suspicion n.　　怀疑，可疑；嫌疑
【佳句】　—Do you think she’ll have told them？
—I suspect not/so.
——你认为她会不会已经告诉他们了？
——我想不会/会的。
【联想】　用于“动词＋sb/sth＋of ...”结构的常用动词还有inform、advise、remind、cure、heal、warn、convince、accuse、relieve、rid、rob等。
【练透】　单句语法填空
①Anyone suspected 　of　 drunk driving should be stopped and take an alcohol test.
②If you see something 　suspicious　 （suspect）， inform the police at once.
【写美】　句型转换/句式升级
③We suspect that he is ill， for we haven’t seen him for a long time.
→We 　suspect him to be ill　， for we haven’t seen him for a long time.
④Because she was suspected of being involved in the attempted murder， she was questioned by the police.
→　Suspected of being involved in the attempted murder　， she was questioned by the police.（过去分词短语作状语）
under arrest 被逮捕
【教材原句】　“You’ve been under arrest for ten minutes， ‘Silky’ Bob ...” “你已经被捕十分钟了，‘滑头’鲍勃……”
【用法】
under attack　　受到袭击，受到攻击 under control　　处于控制之下，被控制住 under threat　　受到威胁 under pressure　　在压力下，承受压力 under construction　　正在建设之中 under discussion　　在讨论之中
【佳句】　The man was under arrest on suspicion of murder.
这个男人因涉嫌谋杀而被逮捕。
【练透】　根据汉语提示完成句子
①When an animal is 　under attack　 （受到攻击）， it can run away or fight back.
②The fire is still burning but it is 　under control　 （被控制住） now.
③Tropical rainforests are 　under threat　 （受到威胁）because of global climate change and human activities.
④Put your hands in the air. You’re 　under arrest　 （被逮捕了）.
Part Ⅱ　中频词汇特训
keen adj.灵敏的，敏锐的；渴望，热切，热衷于
【教材原句】　The light showed a pale face， with keen eyes， a square jaw and a little white scar near his right eyebrow.火光映出他苍白的脸，他有一双锐利的眼睛，方下巴，右边眉毛附近还有一道小小的白色伤疤。
【用法】
be keen to do sth　 　　渴望做某事 be keen on ...　　喜爱；对……着迷/有兴趣 have a keen interest in ...　　对……有强烈兴趣 have a keen eye for ...　　对……有敏锐的眼光
【佳句】　She has a keen eye for talent.她慧眼识才。
I got quite keen on the idea.
我对这个想法产生了极大的兴趣。
【练透】　单句语法填空/完成句子
①They are keen 　to get　 （get） the negotiating process back on the rails as soon as possible.
②She doesn’t likes Biology， but she’s very keen 　on　 Physics.
③He 　takes a keen interest in　 politics and current affairs.
他对政治和时事极感兴趣。
lose contact失去联系
【教材原句】　Well， we kept in touch for a year or two， and then we lost contact.
哦，我们联络了一两年，然后就断了联系。
【用法】
（1）contact vt.　　联络，联系 n.　　联系；接触 contact sb at ...　　通过……与某人联系 （2）get in/make contact with　　与……取得联系 lose contact with　　与……失去联系 keep in contact with　　与……保持联系 be in/out of contact with　　与……有/没有联系
【佳句】　I got in/made contact with the soldier ten years ago， so we have stayed/kept in contact with each other for ten years.In my view， we will never lose contact with each other again.
我十年前和这位士兵取得联系，因此我们已经彼此联系十年了。 在我看来，我们再也不会失去联系了。
【练透】　单句语法填空
①Whenever I have difficulty with my studies， 　contacting　 （contact） my teachers is what I will do first.
②Taking on this challenge will bring you in contact 　with　 someone who shares your interests.
【写美】　完成句子
③If you want to know more details about the activity， 　please contact Li Hua at　 123456543@.
如果你想了解这个活动的更多细节，请通过123456543@联系李华。
④The Internet helps me 　keep in contact with　 my friends.
互联网帮助我与朋友们保持联系。
innocent adj.无辜的，清白的，无罪的；天真无邪的，纯真的n.无辜者，单纯的人
【教材原句】　How I wish he were innocent！我多么希望他是无辜的！
【用法】
（1）be innocent （of sth） ... ……是无辜的 an innocent child一个天真无邪的孩子 （2）innocence n. 　　天真；单纯；无罪 （3）innocently adv.　　纯洁地；无罪地
【佳句】　Under the law， everyone is considered innocent until proved guilty.
根据法律，所有人在证实有罪前都被认为是清白的。
【练透】　单句语法填空
①“Have I done anything wrong？” she asked 　innocently　 （innocent）.
②He firmly believes that she is innocent 　of　 the crime.
③Her 　innocence　 （innocent） and frankness when being interviewed added to her appeal.
Part Ⅲ　重点句型解构
句型公式：完全倒装句
【教材原句】　In the doorway of a store stood a man， with an unlit cigar in his mouth.
一个男人站在一家店门口，嘴里叼着一支未点燃的雪茄。
【用法】
常见的完全倒装的情况： （1）表示地点的介词短语置于句首强调地点概念，谓语动词为be、stand、lie、hang、come、walk、sit等不及物动词，且句子的主语是名词时。 （2）There be句型。其中be可以换为exist、lie、live、stand、remain等动词。 （3）副词here、there、now、then等置于句首，谓语动词是be、come、go等，且句子的主语是名词时。 （4）表示运动方向的副词in、out、up、down、away、off、back、over等置于句首，谓语动词是come、go、follow、rush、run、fly等表示运动的不及物动词，且句子的主语是名词时。
【品悟】　Out of the cave rushed a tiger.
一只老虎从山洞里冲出来。
Present at the concert were many famous actors.
很多著名的演员都出席了音乐会。
There goes the bell.铃响了。
【点津】　（1）在完全倒装句中，谓语动词的数要与后面主语的数保持一致。
（2）完全倒装句的主语必须是名词，如果主语是人称代词，则用正常语序。
【写美】　完成句子/句式升级
①Once upon a time there was a poor old fisherman， in front of whose house 　lay a river　.
从前有一位贫穷的老渔夫，他的房子前面有一条河。
②In front of our school 　stands a tower　 with a long history.
我们学校前面矗立着一座历史悠久的塔。
③Then 　came the final awards ceremony　 at the end of the year.
年终颁奖典礼终于来临了。
④Once upon a time 　there lived a doctor　 known by the name of Hua Tuo.
从前有个名医叫华佗。
⑤Our library lies in the centre of our school.Our library is between the garden and the teaching building.
→In the centre of our school 　lies our library， which is between the garden and the teaching building　.（完全倒装句；非限制性定语从句）
⑥The teacher’s sweet voice came into the complete silence of the waiting class.
→Into the complete silence of the waiting class 　came the teacher’s sweet voice　.
维度一：品句填词
根据所给单词的首字母或汉语提示，写出单词的正确形式。
1.She could see that her hair had grown by perhaps half an inch　.
2.Because the diamond　 is absorbing blue light， it appears yellow in ordinary light.
3.The man who was wearing a decent　 black cloth suit was Jenny’s father.
4.He often conflicted with his colleagues， so he decided on resigning　 from his job.
5.It is worthwhile　 to preserve ancient civilizations for future generations.
6.When the war broke out， someone had cut the phone 　wires　 （电线）.
7.Gleason denied any involvement in 　criminal　 （犯法的） activity and was released.
8.She was wearing a red dress with a small white bow on the 　collar　 （衣领）.
9.He made an 　outline　 （概述） of his views and would present it at the meeting.
10.The organization works on the 　principle　 （法则） that all members have the same rights.
维度二：词形转换
用括号内单词的正确形式填空。
1.Yet the truth of the matter is：I feel lonely.I’m 　barely　 （bare） the only person who feels this way.
2.His 　appointment　 （appoint） as headmaster of the school was announced just now.
3.To be honest， the experience left her 　scarred　 （scar） for life.
4.Car park owners should be 　legally　 （legal） responsible for protecting vehicles.
5.The police arrested a 25-year-old man at the scene on 　suspicion　 （suspect） of murder.
6.We are looking for someone who is 　reliable　 （rely） and hard-working.
7.If someone is 　innocent　 （innocence）， it means he did not commit a crime which he has been accused of.
维度三：固定搭配和句式
根据汉语及括号内提示完成下列句子。
1.在美丽的田野里流淌着一条小河，沿河矗立着一些树。（完全倒装）
In the beautiful field 　flows a small river　； along the river 　stand some trees　.
2.每天晚饭后那对夫妇都会臂挽着臂沿着这条河散步。（arm in arm）
The couple 　walk along the river arm in arm　 after dinner every day.
3.不管有多困难，我都要追求我的梦想。（“no matter＋疑问词”引导的让步状语从句）
　No matter how difficult it is　， I will pursue my dream.
4.苏醒过来后，他发现自己在一个病房里。（find＋宾语＋宾语补足语）
When he came to himself， he 　found himself in a ward　.
5.它是一栋由古罗马人建造的房屋。（过去分词短语作后置定语）
It is a house 　built by the Romans　.
6.我变得足够有信心去挑战好的网球选手了。（“形容词/副词＋enough＋to do sth”结构）
I became 　confident enough to challenge　 the good tennis players.
维度四：课文语法填空
阅读课文内容， 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
　　A policeman on the beat walked along the street as usual.When he saw a man 1.　standing　 （stand） in the doorway of a store， who was waiting for his friend， Jimmy， he suddenly slowed down.It was an 2.　appointment　 （appoint） made two decades ago.The man struck a match and lit his cigar， 3.　which　 showed a pale face.The man said he and his friend agreed that they would meet 4.　exactly　 （exact） twenty years later， no matter what their conditions might be or what distance they might have to come from.The man was convinced that Jimmy would come for he was the truest and the 5.　most reliable　 （reliable） fellow.About twenty minutes later， a tall man in a long overcoat， with collar 6.　turned　 （turn） up to his ears， hurried toward him.They greeted each other.However， that tall man took charge of the situation and told him that he had been 7.　under　 arrest for ten minutes.He said Chicago police had wired 8.　them　 （they）.The tall man gave him a note from Jimmy， from which he knew that Jimmy was just 9.　the　 policeman， and he was at the appointed place on time.After he had known the man was the criminal， Jimmy got a plain-clothes man 10.　to arrest　 （arrest） him.
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
　　I’ve been keeping an honesty journal for the past several months.The day I started the journal， my 6-year-old daughter asked me if the cat really went to sleep last year.I sighed， wondering if I should wait to start this honesty project until she was grown-up.But I braved it and told her that yes， I had made the choice for him to die， because he was suffering.She lost interest about halfway through my explanation.
　　It struck me that the choice to lie or be honest was often a choice between two equally undesirable things.Telling my daughter the truth did not make me happier， but lying wouldn’t have either.
　　Overall， I found that I struggled more with the small instances of honesty， rather than the big.So， when a client accidentally paid me twice for a project， there was no internal debate.It was $1，000， so obviously， I notified the client.But when the McDonald’s drive-through cashier gave me an extra dollar in change and the line had been so long and my kids were acting crazy in the back seat ...it was a different story.Even though I gave the dollar back， I almost didn’t.
　　Even though honesty felt like a struggle， I started to like how it felt.When I was more honest， I tended to feel better about my relationships and myself.I like the saying， “Everybody wants the truth， but nobody wants to be honest.” I didn’t always want to be honest.But I wanted the truth， and this focus on honesty helped me feel that I was doing my part.
　　The bottom line is that focusing on honesty is a way to actively engage with the world， instead of passively complaining about it.It might even make you feel as if you have gold in your brain.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。作者通过自己的亲身经历告诉我们：关注诚实可以让人更快乐。
1.How did the author’s daughter react to her explanation？（　　）
A.She paid little attention to it.
B.She thought it was incredible.
C.She praised the author for her bravery.
D.She would rather the author lied to her.
解析：A　细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句可知，作者的女儿在她解释到一半时就已经失去了兴趣。
2.What lesson did the author learn from the cat event？（　　）
A.Honesty could make people happier.
B.Lying to a little child seemed wrong.
C.Lying and honesty were a tricky pair.
D.Honesty should come before lying.
解析：C　推理判断题。文章第一段提到那只猫，作者在第二段中由此发出感慨：the choice to lie or be honest was often a choice between two equally undesirable things，紧接着又进一步做出了Telling my daughter the truth did not make me happier， but lying wouldn’t have either.的解释。由此可知，作者认为诚实让自己不开心，但撒谎也不会让自己开心。因此，C项中的tricky pair描述了诚实和撒谎之间微妙的关系。
3.What does the author want to show by mentioning her McDonald’s experience？（　　）
A.It’s crazy to choose to be honest.
B.People are likely to have two characters.
C.It’s the small instances that test one’s honesty.
D.People tend to ignore honesty concerning small things.
解析：D　推理判断题。根据第三段中的I struggled more with the small instances of honesty， rather than the big可知，作者提到自己在麦当劳的买餐经历，就是为了说明当涉及小事时，人们往往容易忽略诚实。本段采用了对比的写作手法，将客户重复支付的1000美元（数额大→大事）和麦当劳多找零的an extra dollar（数额小→小事）进行对比说明主题。
4.What is the author’s opinion on honesty？（　　）
A.It is impossible to expect it.
B.It is good to focus on it.
C.It is reasonable to popularize it.
D.It is hard to learn from it.
解析：B　观点态度题。根据最后两段中的I started to like how it felt、I tended to feel better、this focus on honesty helped me feel that I was doing my part以及make you feel as if you have gold in your brain可知，作者认为关注诚实有好处。
B
　　There has been intense public debate within the Australian community over a horse racing event advertised on Australia’s most iconic building， the Sydney Opera House.While some believe that the Opera House is the city’s “biggest billboard （大幅广告牌）” and should be used for economic gain， others are shocked that the government has allowed the national landmark to be polluted with branding.
　　As a UNESCO World Heritage Site， the Sydney Opera House is an iconic Australian building that is recognised all over the world and one of the country’s most frequently visited tourist attractions.In the past， the Opera House has been used to promote a handful of charities， cultural festivals， etc.However， these have aimed to highlight issues or events in the public interest， not a single profiting brand.
　　Some have argued that branding on the sails of the Opera House is just like advertising on any other billboard or marketing space with the power to significantly boost tourism and growth.While this may be true， if advertising continues to happen， the Opera House could risk losing its reputation， which could devalue the landmark and actually damage its tourism appeal.
　　Although iconic landmarks around the world such as the Eiffel Tower and Moscow’s Red Square have been used for advertising， they also caused some arguments among the public.For instance， a major fashion brand placed a giant 2-storey branded suitcase in the centre of Moscow’s Red Square； however， it was removed shortly after as tourists complained it was so big that it blocked views of major landmark sites.The advertisement caused arguments among the public and finally failed to leave a positive impact.
　　So what will advertising on the Opera House look like to international tourists？ Will they be amazed and drawn to visit a wonderful country， or will they see advertising as reducing the cultural value of a national icon？ How would you react if you saw a marketing campaign on the Taj Mahal？ We think it’s clear that our national treasures deserve the respect and admiration that comes with them， and advertising should be limited to important causes， not campaigns for commercial gain.
语篇解读：本文是一篇议论文。一场在悉尼歌剧院举办的商业推广活动引发了公众的热议。作者认为人们应当尊重和赞赏国家的瑰宝，而不是通过它获取经济利益。
5.What caused heated discussion among the public in Australia？（　　）
A.The Sydney Opera House was used for business advertising.
B.A horse racing event was held around the Sydney Opera House.
C.Australia’s biggest billboard was fixed to the Sydney Opera House.
D.The Australian government ignored pollution around the Sydney Opera House.
解析：A　细节理解题。根据第一段内容可知，悉尼歌剧院为一场赛马比赛打广告引起了很大的争议。一些人认为歌剧院应该用于获取经济利益，另外一些人则对政府批准将国家级地标用于商业宣传感到震惊。
6.What can we learn about the previous advertising activities at the Sydney Opera House？（　　）
A.They brought great economic benefits.
B.They were designed to entertain tourists.
C.They caught great international attention.
D.They focused on the wellbeing of the general public.
解析：D　细节理解题。根据第二段最后两句可知，从前在悉尼歌剧院举办的活动都是公益活动，与单个品牌的收益无关。
7.Why does the author mention the example of Moscow’s Red Square？（　　）
A.To show different business promotions in tourist attractions.
B.To show the negative effects of advertising on iconic landmarks.
C.To explain how fashion companies benefit from tourist attractions.
D.To explain why tourists dislike large billboards at iconic landmarks.
解析：B　推理判断题。根据第三段和第四段的最后一句可知，作者提及莫斯科红场的例子是为了说明将著名景点用于商业宣传，最终只会给景点带来负面影响。
8.What is the author’s attitude towards the event mentioned in Paragraph 1？（　　）
A.Favourable.　　 B.Intolerant.
C.Doubtful.　　 D.Unclear.
解析：B　观点态度题。根据最后一段最后一句可知，作者认为人们应该尊重和赞赏国家瑰宝，而不是利用它们获取经济利益。由此可推知，作者对在悉尼歌剧院举办的商业推广活动持反对意见。
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
　　When you hear the word “integrity”， it can feel weighty.In simple words， integrity means sticking to values and morals.9.（　　） So let’s get started.
　　You build better relationships.
　　10.（　　） The best benefit of having integrity is because you are honest with whomever you meet， you build effective relationships with others， including your family and your classmates.When you have integrity， you will naturally get high-quality relationships.
　　Your credibility （信誉） increases.
　　Without question integrity increases your credibility a lot.11.（　　） It is in people’s nature to believe in someone who has moral values and ethics （道德标准）.You basically become a man of your word.
　　Your level of confidence increases.
　　When you have integrity， your level of confidence automatically increases.Without integrity， you will find it uncomfortable to be honest with yourself， so it’s hard to figure out just where you are within yourself.Naturally， your self-confidence drops.12.（　　）
　　You get leadership skills.
　　When people start trusting you， you get leadership abilities.13.（　　） Leadership is not only one of the finest qualities that a person can possess， but also an important life skill that youth should learn in their development.
A.When you have integrity， you sleep well at night.
B.Integrity is very important to improving your relationships.
C.People start putting their trust in you when you have integrity.
D.A person with integrity becomes a natural inspiration to others.
E.All in all， integrity makes you feel very sure about the person you are.
F.In order to get success in life， one should know why integrity is important.
G.This is the reason why you will see that most leaders are people who have integrity.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了诚实正直的品质在生活中很重要的几个原因。
9.F　上文介绍了诚实正直的含义，下面几段介绍了拥有诚实正直的品质在生活中很重要的几个原因，故F项符合语境。
10.B　根据本段小标题“你会建立更好的关系”可知，B项（诚实正直的品质对于改善人际关系非常重要）符合语境。B项中的relationships与小标题中的relationships以及空后两次出现的relationships构成原词复现。
11.C　设空处前一句说明诚实正直的品质会大大提高你的信誉，设空处后一句指出信任拥有道德价值和标准的人是人类的天性。因此，C项（如果你拥有诚实正直的价值观，人们就会开始信任你）符合语境。C项中的trust与上文中的credibility和下文中的believe in相呼应。
12.E　上文指出如果你是一个诚实正直的人，那么你的自信心自然会变强。反之，自信心就会下降。因此，E项（总之，诚实正直的品质能让你对自己充满信心）符合语境。E项中的feel very sure about the person you are与空前的self-confidence相呼应。
13.G　上文说明当人们开始信任你时，你就拥有了领导力。下文指出领导力不仅仅是最优秀的品质之一，也是年轻人在成长过程中应该学习的一项重要生活技能。因此，G项（这就是为什么你会发现大多数领导者都是诚实正直的人）符合语境。G项中的leaders与设空处前后均出现的leadership相呼应。
16 / 17UNIT 1　Honesty and responsibility
单元话题导入
　　本单元的话题是“诚信和责任”。通过本单元的学习，可以启发学生思考、分析、理解和领悟生活中的人与事，培养正直诚信的优秀品质，提升责任意识，树立正确的世界观、人生观和价值观，塑造良好的品格，弘扬中华民族优秀文化，传承优秀传统美德。
看图感悟语境，选词填空。truthful， virtue， responsible， reliable， principle
1.Honesty and responsibility are connected to good 　virtues.For example， when you make friends， you always keep your promises， and you are showing you’re a 　reliable　 person.
2.One important virtue that is admired in nearly every culture is honesty.Most people around the world prefer that others should be 　truthful　 to them.Another is responsibility — most people admire someone who is 　responsible　.
3.It is necessary to educate students about the 　principles　 of right and wrong behaviour.They help us make choices that bring benefits to ourselves and everyone else.
1 / 1Section Ⅳ　Extended reading & Project & Assessment
Taking responsibility
　　[1]Honoured guests， teachers and students， it is my pleasure and privilege① to welcome you here today and present my thoughts on this special occasion②.
　　Students， the time has arrived for you to fully accept your passage③ into adulthood.[2]I have seen you grow from nervous Senior 1 students into confident young adults， who sit before me today， ready to embrace④ the next phase⑤ of your lives. You must be both excited and anxious about the new experiences that are in store for⑥ you.[3]Don’t worry， for you are all responsible young people， well prepared and well equipped to successfully manage the challenges of the years ahead.
　　[1]it作形式主语，真正的主语是后面的动词不定式短语to welcome ...and present ...。
　　[2]who引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词young adults；形容词短语ready to embrace the next phase of your lives作状语。
　　[3]for为并列连词，意为“因为，由于”； are all responsible ...， well prepared and well equipped ...是并列谓语。
　　At school， you have gradually understood the importance of a well-developed sense of responsibility⑦. You accept that you are responsible for⑧ your successes and your failures.[4]Hopefully， you have learnt to treat responsibility not as a weight that burdens⑨ you， but rather as a foundation which will support your future development.A ship without an anchor⑩ is at the mercy of the waves and winds； likewise ， a person who has no sense of responsibility is at the mercy of their own careless and thoughtless behaviour.
　　[4]该句结构较复杂，treat responsibility后面接了两个由介词as引出的短语，由并列结构not ... but ...连接。每个as短语里又含有一个定语从句，that burdens you修饰a weight，而which will support your future development修饰a foundation。
　　As students， you must take your studies seriously and accept responsibility for your own learning. This means meeting deadlines for your schoolwork， following your teachers’ guidance ， and of course， always aiming for academic excellence. However， your responsibilities go far beyond your studies.[5]As you go through your daily life， you will encounter many difficult situations where things may go wrong . Instead of being quick to blame others， analyse the problem， and if it is indeed your own fault ， be ready to admit your mistake and then correct it. This way， you practise the virtue of courage.[6]Always give your best in whatever you set out to do， however difficult that might be. This way， you practise the virtue of determination. Be honest by saying what you mean and by meaning what you say.This way， you practise the virtue of integrity .Taking responsibility in all aspects of your everyday life， therefore， will help build a strong character.
　　[5]As引导时间状语从句，意为“随着……”；where引导定语从句，修饰抽象名词situations。
　　[6]whatever引导宾语从句，作介词in的宾语；however引导让步状语从句。
　　Apart from personal development， assuming responsibility for your actions is also important for the betterment of society.Society is an organic whole， and as social beings， we have a responsibility to make a contribution.[7]You may have heard the story of a small boy who tried to save starfish left on the beach after a storm， by throwing them back into the sea.Passers-by told him that he was wasting his time， for he could not possibly save them all. [8]However， the boy was not discouraged ， believing that he could make a difference to the ones that he saved.As a result， the passers-by felt inspired and joined him in saving the starfish.Similarly， the little things you do can make a difference！For example， picking up garbage around your neighbourhood contributes to a cleaner environment.Reporting a speeding car helps ensure road safety.Being energy-efficient leads to savings of our precious natural resources.Doing volunteer work at a local nursing home brings love and warmth to the elderly.Just like the “starfish boy”， you may even inspire people around you to do the same， which is an added bonus .[9]Working together， we have the power to gradually but continuously advance our society.
　　[7]may have done结构表示对过去情况的推测；who引导定语从句，修饰先行词a small boy；过去分词短语left on the beach after a storm作后置定语，修饰名词starfish；by throwing ... 为“by＋动词-ing形式”构成的介词短语，在句中作状语。
　　[8]动词-ing短语believing ...作伴随状语；第一个that引导宾语从句；第二个that引导定语从句，修饰先行词the ones。
　　[9]动词-ing短语Working together作状语。
　　[10]So， dear students， take your first step into the adult world by accepting your responsibilities， so that adulthood will be an enjoyable and rewarding experience for both you and those around you.Sometimes， responsibilities may weigh heavily on you.[11]However， just as the Chinese saying goes， “Jade is good-for-nothing if not carved.”A man cannot be perfected without trials.[12]Sow the seeds of success today and your harvest will be great tomorrow.I wish you every success in your adult life！
　　[10]so that引导结果状语从句。
　　[11]as引导非限制性定语从句；if not carved为条件状语从句的省略，完整句子应为if it is not carved。
　　[12]本句为“祈使句＋and＋陈述句”句型。
【读文清障】
①privilege n.荣幸；特殊利益vt.给予特权，特别优待
②on this special occasion
在这个特别的场合
③passage n.章节，段落；通道，走廊
④embrace vt.& vi.欣然接受；包含；拥抱
⑤phase n.阶段，时期
⑥in store （for sb） 即将发生（在某人身上），等待着（某人）
⑦a well-developed sense of responsibility 一种高度的责任感
⑧be responsible for 对……负责
⑨burden vt.使担负（沉重或艰难的任务、职责等）；负重
⑩anchor n.锚；给以安全感的人（或物）
vi.& vt.抛锚；使固定
mercy n.仁慈，宽恕
at the mercy of sb/sth任……处置，对……无能为力
likewise adv.同样地；也，而且
take ...seriously 认真对待……
deadline n.最后期限，截止日期
guidance n.指导；导航
follow sb’s guidance 听从某人的指导
go far beyond 远远超过……，远远不止于……
encounter vt.遭遇；遇到（尤指令人不快或困难的事）
go wrong （情况）出岔子，出差错
instead of 而不是
fault n.过错，责任；弱点，缺点
virtue n.美德；正直的品性；优点
integrity n.诚实正直；完整，完好
betterment n.改进；改善；改良
organic adj.有机的，统一的；绿色的，不使用化肥的；生物的
starfish n.海星，星鱼
discouraged adj.灰心的
make a difference to ...对……有影响，改变……
garbage n.垃圾；废话
contribute to 有助于，促进；对……作出贡献
lead to 导致，带来；通往
saving n.节省物，节省；储蓄金
bonus n.意外收获；奖金，红利
rewarding adj.值得的；有益的；有意义的
weigh on sb/sth 使焦虑不安，加重……的思想负担
jade n.玉，碧玉
be good-for-nothing一无是处，不中用；无用之人
sow vt.& vi.（sowed， sown）播种，种
harvest n.收成，收获量；收获季节，收割
vt.& vi.收割，捕猎
【参考译文】
承担责任
　　尊敬的各位来宾、老师和学生们，我很高兴也很荣幸能够欢迎大家出席今天的典礼，并在这个特殊的时刻分享我的一些想法。
　　同学们，你们已经到了完全接受自己即将步入成年的时候了。我见证了你们从紧张的高一新生成长为自信的青年。今天，你们坐在我面前，准备好迎接你们生命的下一个阶段。对于即将到来的种种新体验，你们一定感到既兴奋又焦虑。不用担心，因为你们都是负责的年轻人，你们已经作好了充分的准备，能够成功应对未来的挑战。
　　在学校里，你们已经逐渐认识到具有高度责任感的重要性。你们明白你们应该为自己的成功和失败负责。希望你们已经学会不把责任当作困扰你们的重担，而是把它当作支持你们未来发展的基础。没有锚的船任凭风浪摆布；同样，没有责任感的人被自己粗心草率的行为所左右。
　　作为学生，你们必须认真对待自己的学业，并且对自己的学习负责。这意味着按时完成作业，听从老师的指导，当然还要永远追求学术上的卓越。然而，你们的责任远远不止学习。在日常生活中，你们会遇到许多困难的情况，在这些情况下事情可能会出错。与其急着责怪旁人，不如分析分析问题。而且如果确实是你们自己的错，就准备好承认错误，然后改正。这样，你们就践行了勇气的美德。无论你们打算做什么，无论会有多困难，都要全力以赴去做。这样，你们就践行了决心的美德。心口如一，言出必行。这样，你们就践行了正直的美德。在你们日常生活的各个方面承担责任，如此一来，将有助于你们塑造坚强的品格。
　　除了个人发展，为自己的行为承担责任对社会进步也很重要。社会是一个有机的整体，并且作为社会的一员，我们有责任作出贡献。你们可能听说过一个小男孩的故事，他试图把风暴过后留在海滩上的海星扔回海里，以拯救它们。路过的人们告诉他，他是在浪费自己的时间，因为他不可能拯救所有的海星。然而，小男孩并没有气馁，相信自己能影响那些被他救起的海星。结果，路人们受到了启发，纷纷和他一起拯救海星。同样，你所做的一件件小事也能有所影响！ 例如，在你们的邻里周围清理垃圾有助于建设一个更加清洁的环境。举报一辆超
速行驶的汽车有助于确保道路安全。节约能源就是节约我们宝贵的自然资源。在一家当地养老院做义工能给老人们带去爱和温暖。就像“海星男孩”一样，你们甚至可能激励你周围的人也这么做，这就是一项额外的收获。如果我们共同努力，我们就有能力逐步而持续地推动我们的社会进步。
　　所以，亲爱的学生们，将承担责任作为你们迈入成人世界的第一步吧。这样对于你们和你们周围的人来说，成年都将是一段愉快而有益的经历。有时候，责任可能会是你们的一个重担。然而，正如中国谚语所说，“玉不琢，不成器。”一个人不经历考验就不可能完美。今天播下成功的种子，明天你们的收获将是巨大的。祝福你们的成年生活一切顺利！
第一步：析架构，理文本脉络
Read the passage quickly and fill in the blanks with suitable words.
第二步：精读文，达明察秋毫
Read the passage carefully and choose the best answer.
1.Whom does the speaker deliver the speech to？（　　）
A.Teachers.　　 B.Parents.
C.Senior 1 students.　　 D.Senior 3 students.
2.How do we treat responsibility properly？（　　）
A.We can consider responsibility as a weight which burdens us.
B.We can consider responsibility as a foundation to support our future development.
C.We can consider responsibility as an obstacle to our future development.
D.We can consider responsibility as a challenge to our future development.
3.Which of the following statements is RIGHT？ （　　）
A.As students， we only need take responsibility in our studies.
B.When you admit your mistake bravely， you practise the virtue of determination.
C.You can practise the virtue of integrity by keeping on doing challenging tasks.
D.Taking responsibility contributes to building a strong character.
4.What does the word “betterment” in the fifth paragraph mean？（　　）
A.Improvement.　　 B.Peace.
C.Stability.　　 D.Harmony.
5.What does the story of a boy who threw the starfish back into the sea show？（　　）
A.It shows the starfish deserves saving.
B.It shows the importance of protecting the ocean.
C.It shows anyone can make a difference to the world.
D.It shows the boy is very brave and clever.
答案：1－5　DBDAC
第三步：通词句，学语言表达
1.词汇学习——循规律，记单词
（1）动词＋-ing构成名词
①save→saving 节省物，节省；储蓄金
②understand→understanding 理解
③suffer→suffering 痛苦；苦难
④train→training 训练
⑤say→saying 谚语
⑥warn→warning 警告
⑦park→parking 停车
（2）表示负面情绪的动词-ed形式的形容词
①discouraged 灰心的，泄气的
②frustrated 受挫的，沮丧的
③worried 担心的
④annoyed 恼火的，生气的
⑤depressed 消沉的；沮丧的
⑥disappointed 失望的，沮丧的
2.美句欣赏——赏佳句，品用法
（1）类比：类比是通过比较两个事物之间的相似特征来论证其中较复杂的事物，这样可以把抽象的事物变得具体，把深奥的道理变得浅显。
请从课文中找出使用类比的句子。
　A ship without an anchor is at the mercy of the waves and winds； likewise， a person who has no sense of responsibility is at the mercy of their own careless and thoughtless behaviour.　
（2）引用：文中使用了引用的修辞手法。在演讲稿中使用谚语或名人名言，可以增加文章的文采和说服力。
请从课文中找出使用引用的句子。
　However， just as the Chinese saying goes， “Jade is good-for-nothing if not carved.”　
Part Ⅰ　核心词汇集释
mercy n.仁慈，宽恕
【教材原句】　A ship without an anchor is at the mercy of the waves and winds； likewise， a person who has no sense of responsibility is at the mercy of their own careless and thoughtless behaviour.
没有锚的船任凭风浪摆布；同样，没有责任感的人被自己粗心草率的行为所左右。
【用法】
（1）beg/ask for mercy　　乞求/请求宽恕 　　对……怜悯或宽恕 without mercy　　残忍地；毫无同情心地 at the mercy of sb/sth　　任……处置；对……无能为力 It is/was a mercy that ...　幸运的是…… （2）merciful adj.　　宽大的，仁慈的 be merciful to/towards sb　　对某人仁慈
【佳句】　At the mercy of the strong wind， the little trees on the top of the mountain couldn’t stand up straight.
在强风肆虐中，山顶上的小树根本无法挺立。
【练透】　单句语法填空
①She is a kind-hearted woman and often has mercy 　on　 people who are in trouble.
②They asked her to be 　merciful　 （mercy） to the little girl.
③Having lost engine power， the crew on the boat found themselves 　at　 the mercy of the wind.
【写美】　句型转换
④It was lucky that she wasn’t seriously hurt and was waiting until the rescue team arrived.（用mercy 改写）
→　It was a mercy that she wasn’t seriously hurt and was waiting until the rescue team arrived.
fault n.过错，责任；弱点，缺点
【教材原句】　Instead of being quick to blame others， analyse the problem， and if it is indeed your own fault， be ready to admit your mistake and then correct it.
与其急着责怪旁人，不如分析分析问题。而且如果确实是你们自己的错，就准备好承认错误，然后改正。
【用法】
（1）find fault with 对……吹毛求疵；挑……的错 be at fault　　有过错；应当负责 be one’s fault　　是某人的过错 find fault and make trouble　寻事惹非 （2）faulty adj.　　不完美的，有缺陷的；有错误的 faultless adj.　　完美无缺的；无缺点的；没有错误的
【佳句】　Life can be greater than before when you are not busy finding fault with it.
如果你不忙于挑剔生活，生活可以比以前更美好。
【练透】　单句语法填空
①It is better to make an apology， even though the company is not 　at　 fault.
②There was not a single thing about her that one could find fault 　with　.
③He’s proud of his children and blind to their 　faults　 （fault）.
【写美】　完成句子
④You have been doing excellently and 　your failure is not your fault　.
你一直做得很好，你的失败不是你的错。
discouraged adj.灰心的
【教材原句】　However， the boy was not discouraged， believing that he could make a difference to the ones that he saved.然而，小男孩并没有气馁，相信自己能影响那些被他救起的海星。
【用法】
（1）be/get discouraged　　　 变得灰心，泄气 （2）discourage sb from doing sth　　阻止某人做某事 （3）discouraging adj.　　令人泄气的 discouragement n. 　　泄气；灰心；使人泄气的人或事物
【佳句】　His words were discouraging， which made many people discouraged.
他的话令人沮丧，这使许多人感到沮丧。
Do not let any failure discourage you， for you can never tell how close you may be to victory.
不要因任何失败而灰心，因为你永远不清楚自己离成功可能有多近。
【练透】　单句语法填空
①To his disappointment， his parents tried to discourage him 　from　 being an actor.
②It is really 　discouraging　 （discourage） for us to stand in line for more than one hour and then be told that we can’t see the manager until tomorrow.
③The unfavorable reviews of his first novel were a great 　discouragement　 （discourage） to him.
【写美】　翻译句子
④他发现自己非但没有泄气，反而充满了成就感。
　Instead of being discouraged， he found himself filled with a sense of achievement.　
weigh on sb/sth 使焦虑不安，加重……的思想负担
【教材原句】　Sometimes， responsibilities may weigh heavily on you.
有时候，责任可能会是你们的一个重担。
【用法】
（1）weigh up　 权衡，斟酌 weigh up the pros and cons 权衡利弊 weigh sth against sth 　　认真考虑某事，权衡某事 （2）weigh （sb） down　　　　使（某人）烦恼，使（某人）忧心忡忡；使（某人）负荷太重 （3）weigh one’s words　　推敲；斟酌字句
【佳句】　Something was weighing on her mind.
她心事重重。
【练透】　单句语法填空
①The responsibility of her new job weighed heavily 　on　 her mind.
②You’d better weigh 　up　 the pros and cons before settling on your choice.
③Those costs must be weighed 　against　 the environmental benefits.
【写美】　完成句子
④I must 　weigh my words　 to avoid any misunderstanding.
我必须字斟句酌以免发生误解。
Part Ⅱ　中频词汇特训
deadline n.最后期限，截止日期
【教材原句】　This means meeting deadlines for your schoolwork， following your teachers’ guidance， and of course， always aiming for academic excellence.
这意味着按时完成作业，听从老师的指导，当然还要永远追求学术上的卓越。
【用法】
deadline for ...　 ……的最后期限 meet/miss a deadline　　按时/未按时完成 before the deadline　　在最后期限之前
【佳句】　The deadline for applications is this Friday.申请截止到本周五。
【练透】　完成句子
①They failed to 　meet the deadline　 because their time was limited.
由于时间有限，他们没能如期完成。
②I hope we can finish this work 　before the deadline　.
我希望我们能在最后期限之前完成这项工作。
guidance n.指导；导航
【用法】
（1）ask/look for some guidance　寻求一些指导 seek guidance from sb　　向某人寻求指导 provide guidance　　提供指导 under sb’s guidance＝under the guidance of sb　　在某人的指导下 （2）guide vt.指导，引导 n.向导，导游 guide sb （to/through/around/sth） 给某人领路（或导游）；指引 （3）guided adj. 有向导的，有导游的
【佳句】　Under your expert guidance， we have had a better command of English than before and have achieved satisfactory results in recent examinations.
在您的专业指导下，我们的英语比以前掌握得更好了，并在最近的考试中取得了令人满意的成绩。
【练透】　单句语法填空
①He guided the chairwoman 　to　 the hall to attend the great wedding.
②The plan was drawn up under the chief engineer’s personal 　guidance　 （guide）.
③If it had not been 　for　 your guidance， I wouldn’t have won the prize.
【写美】　句式升级
④We were guided by a local guide and visited the splendid statue.
→　With a local guide guiding us　， we visited the splendid statue.（用with复合结构改写）
→　A local guide guiding us　， we visited the splendid statue.（用独立主格结构改写）
Part Ⅲ　重点句型解构
句型公式：not ...but ...不是……而是……
【教材原句】　Hopefully， you have learnt to treat responsibility not as a weight that burdens you， but rather as a foundation which will support your future development.
希望你们已经学会不把责任当作困扰你们的重担，而是把它当作支持你们未来发展的基础。
【用法】
（1）not ...but ...连接两个并列的成分，表示意思上的转折，not后面接被否定的内容， but后面接被认可的事实。 （2）not ...but ...连接两个并列的主语时，谓语动词的单复数形式取决于靠近谓语动词的名词，即遵循“就近一致”原则。
【品悟】　I work not because I have to， but because I want to.
我工作不是因为我不得不工作，而是因为我想工作。
【写美】　完成句子
①I realize the secret to success is 　not when or where you were born， but what you are doing　 and how you do it in your life.
我意识到成功的秘诀不在于你出生于何时何地，而在于你在生活中的所作所为。
②Not you but Tom 　is responsible for the mistake　 because he is the manager of the department.
不是你而是汤姆要为这个错误负责，因为他是这个部门的经理。
句型公式：so that引导结果状语从句
【教材原句】　So， dear students， take your first step into the adult world by accepting your responsibilities， so that adulthood will be an enjoyable and rewarding experience for both you and those around you.
所以，亲爱的学生们，将承担责任作为你们迈入成人世界的第一步吧。这样对于你们和你们周围的人来说，成年都将是一段愉快而有益的经历。
【用法】
（1）so that引导结果状语从句，意为“因此，结果”，主从句之间有时用逗号隔开。 （2）so that引导目的状语从句时，从句中通常有may、might、can、could等情态动词，主从句之间不能用逗号隔开，意为“为的是……；以便于……”。 （3）so that引导目的状语从句时可以与in order that互换，但so that不能置于句首。
【品悟】　We are very interested in Kunming so that we have decided to pay a visit to the city.
我们对昆明很感兴趣，所以我们决定去参观一下这个城市。
【写美】　完成句子/句型转换
①The heavy rain lasted for about a week 　so that the sports meeting had to be put off　 until the next month.
大雨持续了大约一周，结果运动会不得不推迟到下个月。
②While walking， John checked his smartphone， 　so that he knocked　 into a tree.
约翰走路时看手机，结果撞到一棵树上了。
③He set out early so that he could arrive there in advance.
→He set out early 　in order to　 arrive there in advance.
→He set out early 　so as to　 arrive there in advance.
句型公式：祈使句＋and＋陈述句
【教材原句】　Sow the seeds of success today and your harvest will be great tomorrow.
今天播下成功的种子，明天你们的收获将是巨大的。
【用法】
（1）“祈使句＋and＋陈述句”表示祈使句与后面的句子是顺承关系。 （2）“祈使句＋or/or else/otherwise＋陈述句”相当于“if＋not＋条件状语从句＋主句”。 （3）“名词短语＋and＋陈述句”也有上述句式功能，名词词组中常含有more、another、further、earlier等词。
【品悟】　Work hard and believe in yourself and you’ll succeed one day.
努力学习，相信自己，总有一天你会成功的。
【写美】　完成句子/一句多译
①　Go to bed now or　 you’ll be really tired tomorrow.
现在上床睡觉吧，否则明天你会很累的。
②再给我一个小时，我就把工作做完了。
→　Give me one more hour　， and I’ll get the work finished.（祈使句）
→　One more hour　， and I’ll get the work finished.（名词短语）
维度一：品句填词
根据所给单词的首字母或汉语提示，写出单词的正确形式。
1.To tell the truth， I didn’t like the geophysicist from the bottom of my heart as he liked finding fault　 with others.
2.He always helps his parents weed the garden， carry out the garbage　 and deliver newspapers.
3.He got into a panic when he realised that he couldn’t meet the deadline　.
4.Actually he had got the news already but he pretended　 to know nothing about it.
5.Organic　 and environment-friendly products are becoming more and more popular among people.
6.In addition to his salary， he has a 　bonus　 （奖金） of 6，000 yuan per month.
7.A teacher should know how to give proper 　guidance　 （指导） to students in his teaching.
8.The old man has the habit of paying the cheque into his 　savings　 （储蓄金） account.
9.Rainfall has been evenly distributed this year and a good 　harvest　 （收成） can be expected.
10.Our teacher always lays stress on honesty as an important 　virtue　 （美德）.
维度二：词形转换
用括号内单词的正确形式填空。
1.Don’t be 　discouraged　 （discourage）， you’ll learn by and by.
2.Under the 　guidance　 （guide） of the expert， we have made great progress.
3.Many farms are trying to advertise 　organically　 （organic） grown food for customers.
4.Yesterday I opened a 　savings　 （save） account at the local bank.
5.The officer is said to be serious and demanding， but also 　merciful　 （mercy）.
6.Punishment can never be an effective cure for 　social　 （society） problems.
7.Though I have asked for her 　forgiveness　 （forgive）， but I don’t know whether she will forgive me or not.
8.Don’t raise your hopes too high， or you may be 　disappointed　 （disappoint） in the end.
9.It took the jury （陪审团） some time to reach the conclusion that the man was 　guilty　 （guilt）.
10.She decided to leave the company and handed in her 　resignation　 （resign）.
维度三：固定搭配和句式
根据汉语及括号内提示完成下列句子。
1.无论广告做得多么好，如果产品不适合人们，他们也不可能信服。（however 引导让步状语从句）
　However good an advertisement is　， people are unlikely to be persuaded if the product is unsuitable for them.
2.时间一旦被设定就不能更改。（状语从句的省略）
　Once set　， the time cannot be changed.
3.他的脚受伤了，因此他无法参加比赛了。（so that）
He injured his foot 　so that he was unable to　 play in the match.
4.希望做那件事的不是经理，而是工人。（not ...but ...）
　Not the manager but the workers are　 hoping to do that.
5.读一读这个故事，你就会意识到并不是所有的东西都能用金钱买到。（祈使句＋and＋陈述句）
　Read this story， and you will realise　 that not everything can be bought with money.
维度四：课文语法填空
阅读课文内容， 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
　　A principal is giving a speech 1.　whose　 theme is “Taking responsibility” at the students’ coming-of-age ceremony.The students are 2.　on　 the way to adulthood when they must learn to be responsible for themselves and society，3.　which　 is the foundation that can support their future.
　　At school， you have 4.　gradually　 （gradual） understood the importance of a well-developed sense of 5.　responsibility　 （responsible）.You accept that you are responsible for your successes and your 6.　failures　 （fail）.As students， you must take your studies seriously and accept responsibility for your own learning.Apart from personal development， 7.　assuming　 （assume） responsibility for your actions is also important for the 8.　betterment　 （better） of society.So， dear students， take your first step into the adult world by accepting your responsibilities，9.　so　 that adulthood will be an enjoyable and 10.　rewarding　 （reward） experience for both you and those around you.
Ⅰ.阅读理解
　　I loaded The Ledger in the metal basket of my bicycle I called my tank.Balloon tires （低压轮胎） mobilized the red-black heavy bike I had found on a roadside left for the garbage man.In those days， the papers had to be left on the steps.Some customers requested I put them between the storm door and the front wooden door.
　　Saturday was collection day.When I knocked on the door， I never knew what I was going to get.Old man Kusek shouted out of the back of his kitchen， “I’ll pay you next week.” I made a note on his card that this was the fifth week in a row he had shouted those same words.
　　Every week I had cold feet about charging for the newspapers at Mr Schaefer’s house.As soon as I took the first step up， two German Shepherds bolted （突然快跑） against the screen door.Their barking always pushed me one step back from the door.“Don’t worry.They won’t hurt you，” a voice shouted from inside the house.Mr Schaefer came to the door to pay his bill with a dollar clenched （咬紧） between his teeth while he held each dog by their collar.Grabbing the money from his mouth， I turned and ran， thinking those fierce dogs were going to break free and eat me alive.
　　Every two weeks， Mr Kloch from The Ledger would come to collect the money.After I paid the amount， the rest was mine.Counting the change was the fun part to see how much money I’d made.
　　My first job as a paperboy taught me about managing money， serving customers， and accepting responsibility.I remember the time when I was in a grocery store with my mother.A family approached us and their little kid pointed at me and shouted，“That’s our paperboy！” I felt proud at that moment and I still do today.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。作者回忆了儿时当报童的经历，这段经历让他学会了如何理财、服务客户以及承担责任。
1.What did the author use to do when delivering newspapers？（　　）
A.He rode a second-hand bike.
B.He carried a red-black basket.
C.He was accompanied by two dogs.
D.He stuck the papers in customers’ door.
解析：A　细节理解题。根据第一段第一、二句可知，作者当报童送报时常常骑一辆破旧的二手自行车。
2.What kind of man was Kusek in the author’s eyes？（　　）
A.He was far too sensitive.
B.He was very responsible.
C.He always broke his promise.
D.He rarely had an aggressive manner.
解析：C　推理判断题。根据第二段中作者对Kusek的描述可知，每次都说下周给报款的Kusek总是食言。
3.What does the underlined part “had cold feet” in Paragraph 3 probably mean？（　　）
A.Got curious.　　 B.Became nervous.
C.Felt sorry.　　 D.Looked confused.
解析：B　词义猜测题。根据第三段中的two German Shepherds ...barking always pushed me one step back from the door可知，作者每周都要去Mr Schaefer家收报款，可是因为他家有两只凶猛的德国牧羊犬，所以作者每次去他家收款都很害怕。get/have cold feet意为“临阵胆怯；畏缩”。
4.What did the author think of his experience of being a paperboy？（　　）
A.He expressed regret over it.
B.He showed no interest in it.
C.He was very grateful for it.
D.He felt embarrassed about it.
解析：C　推理判断题。根据最后一段中的My first job as a paperboy taught me about managing money， serving customers， and accepting responsibility.和I felt proud at that moment可知，作者非常感激当报童的这段经历。
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
　　One of the best things you can do for your community is volunteer， but it’s necessary to understand that it comes with the same kind of mission a paid job has.Since you promise to do something， you need to follow it through.5.（　　）
　　Whether you’re just starting out or you’ve been volunteering for years， think of what you’re doing.Here are some things you need to do if you want to do your best：
　　Volunteer with a good attitude.You are doing something that you really want to do.So put a smile on your face and show you want to be there.6.（　　）
　　Follow the rules.7.（　　） Do your best to follow them because they’ve been made for a reason.Periodically go over your job description.If you don’t have a written one， ask your volunteer coordinator whether or not you’re meeting expectations.
　　 8.（　　） If you see something that the volunteer coordinator needs to know about， let him know as soon as possible.Or if you have a better idea of getting the work done faster， share your thoughts with him.It will do good to the cause.
　　Be flexible.You may be actively doing your given job when you notice something else that needs to be done.9.（　　）
A.Communicate more.
B.Get along with others.
C.You and everyone around you will be happier if you have a positive attitude.
D.Not all volunteers volunteer out of the kindness of their hearts.
E.Someone may have given you a list of rules， either written or spoken.
F.Try to do whatever it is， unless it’s against the rules of your organization.
G.People are depending on you， and you should give your time responsibly.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要就如何做好志愿者工作提出了一些建议。
5.G　上文提到：做志愿者同样有使命，需要负责任。空处为本段最后一句，应承接上文继续说明负责任的原因，故G项（人们都在依赖你，你应该负责任地付出你的时间）符合语境。
6.C　根据上文可知，本段主要是关于志愿者态度的说明，上文提到面带微笑表现出你想在那里做志愿者，由此可推测此处应表述的是需要积极的态度，C项中的a positive attitude对应上文中的a good attitude。故C项（如果你有积极的态度，你和你周围的每个人会更快乐）符合语境。
7.E　根据上文Follow the rules.可知，本段的建议是遵守志愿者的规则，下文中them指代E项中的a list of rules。故E项（有人可能已经给了你一份规则列表，不管是书面的还是口头的）符合语境。
8.A　本空位于本段开头，根据第三、四、六段开头语可知，本空应选祈使句作为本段的主旨句。根据下文中的let him know as soon as possible和share your thoughts with him可知，本段提到要多和他人分享自己的想法，即多和他人沟通。故A项（多交流）符合语境。
9.F　上文提到你可能在工作过程中注意到有其他的事情需要做，本句为本段最后一句，应承接上文说明如何应对这种情况。故F项（不管这件事是什么，尽量去做，除非它违反了你组织的规定）符合语境。
Ⅲ.完形填空
　　My daughter Julia and I headed to the school supply section in the shop the other day.Because I struggled with 　10　， I always looked for a perfect planner.I dreamed that I would 　11　 my procrastination （拖延） with the perfect planner.
　　Julia 　12　 a planner and showed it to me.“Mom， this one has a habit tracker.Do your other ones have that？” “No.But that could be really 　13　.” I thought of all the good habits I wanted to develop.I asked Julia to put the planner in the cart （手推车）.“I will 　14　 one， too，” Julia said.
　　The next day， I filled in the habit-tracker section of my new planner and 　15　 to make some positive changes.As I drank a glass of water — instead of my usual Diet Coke — I felt 　16　.Maybe I’d 　17　 found the perfect planner to help me get my act together.
　　One morning， I 　18　 my planner and realized that I’d grabbed Julia’s 　19　.And the first 　20　 on her habit tracker was “Write in my gratitude journal.” The second one was “Do something nice for others.” Both items were 　21　 every day that week.Since she was very 　22　， how did she find time to do these things？
　　When I asked her about it， she said，“Those two habits go together.Writing in my gratitude journal makes me 　23　 to do nice things for others.”
　　I realized I’d spent years 　24　 the perfect planner when what I really needed was a gratitude journal.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。在女儿的影响下，作者决定开始写感恩日志。
10.A.devotion　　 B.tradition
C.organization　　 D.comparison
解析：C　根据下文中的I always looked for a perfect planner可知，“我”做事不够条理，因此“我”一直在寻找一本完美规划簿，“我”梦想着有了它“我”就能结束“我”的拖延症。
11.A.admit　　 B.explain
C.predict 　　 D.end
解析：D　参见上题解析。
12.A.completed　　 B.packed
C.replaced 　　 D.selected
解析：D　根据上文My daughter Julia and I headed to the school supply section in the shop the other day.可知，到了学习用品区，Julia挑了一本规划簿并拿给“我”看。
13.A.helpful 　　 B.strange
C.expensive　　 D.difficult
解析：A　根据下文I thought of all the good habits I wanted to develop.可知，“我”认为规划簿上的习惯追踪将会对“我”很有帮助。
14.A.decorate　　 B.make
C.pass　　 D.get
解析：D　根据上文I asked Julia to put the planner in the cart （手推车）.可知，Julia说她也想买一本。
15.A.decided　　 B.failed
C.happened　　 D.regretted
解析：A　根据上文The next day， I filled in the habit-tracker section of my new planner可知，“我”决定作出一些积极的改变。
16.A.amused　　 B.excited
C.worried　　 D.confused
解析：B　根据下文found the perfect planner ...together可知，“我”感到兴奋不已，或许“我”终于发现了完美的规划簿。
17.A.formally　　 B.personally
C.finally 　　 D.immediately
解析：C　参见上题解析。
18.A.discovered　　 B.opened
C.forgot 　　 D.shared
解析：B　根据下文中的realized that I’d grabbed Julia’s可知，一天早上，“我”把Julia的规划簿当成是“我”自己的翻开了。
19.A.by luck　　 B.in advance
C.by mistake　　 D.in return
解析：C　参见上题解析。
20.A.task　　 B.result
C.problem 　　 D.success
解析：A　根据下文的how did she find time to do these things可知，Julia“习惯追踪”上的第一个任务是“写感恩日志”，第二个任务是“做好事”。尽管她很忙，但那一周她每天都会完成这两件事。
21.A.asked about　　 B.applied for
C.checked off　　 D.commented on
解析：C　参见上题解析。
22.A.reliable 　　 B.kind
C.tired　　 D.busy
解析：D　参见第20题解析。
23.A.afford 　　 B.want
C.pretend 　　 D.hesitate
解析：B　根据上文Those two habits go together.可知，Julia说写感恩日志让她想做好事。
24.A.preparing for 　 B.learning from
C.searching for 　　 D.dealing with
解析：C　根据第一段中的I always looked for a perfect planner.可知，“我”花了很多年去寻找一本完美规划簿，殊不知，“我”需要的只是一本感恩日志。
Ⅳ.读后续写
　　阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
　　Mariana and other River Edge Rockers， their community soccer team， dreamed of getting a regulation soccer field.She and her father would attend the Town Council meeting that night.They would also get the whole team there to convince the Council they needed a better field.
　　When they all arrived at the meeting hall and sat together， Councilwoman Maloof opened the discussion， and Mr Boyd， the Rockers’ manager， spoke first.“Our team currently practices in a tiny school yard， and only when it’s not already booked.”The team nodded immediately.
　　Mrs Yamagata， owner of Something Sushi， walked to the podium （讲台）.“I believe the town owns an empty lot next to my restaurant，” she said.“Couldn’t that be a soccer field？” The Rockers cheered.
　　“A soccer field would be a good use for that lot，” Maloof said.“But the town simply doesn’t have the money to build and maintain one.”
　　“The Rockers can do it！” Mr Boyd spoke up.He began to negotiate with the Council.“If the town lets the Rockers use the vacant lot， we will turn it into a soccer field.”
　　After some discussion， the Council reached a decision.They approved using that lot for a community soccer field.The team cheered.
　　The following day， at Something Sushi， the team got together to share ideas for raising money.They finally decided to wash cars for their community.On the day of the car wash， car owners lined up in the middle school parking lot， where six wading pools （塑料浅水池） had been set up.The team began washing carefully.By the end of the day， the Rockers were soaked through （湿透） but excited about raising $750.In the next few days， the Rockers also invited neighbours to donate materials for building the field.
注意：1.续写词数应为150左右；
2.请按如下格式作答。
　　A week later， the team gathered at the lot， carrying tools purchased with their earnings or donated by neighbours.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　Opening day attracted a huge crowd of soccer fans， all amazed by the new field.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
参考范文：
　　A week later， the team gathered at the lot， carrying tools purchased with their earnings or donated by neighbours.Staring at the unused field of dirt， rocks， and weeds， Mariana thought it was not the soccer field in their dream.But she kicked into action with the others， cleaning up the mess.There was a huge rock in the middle of the field and the team moved it onto a rented truck.However， a gaping hole immediately appeared.With everyone working together they moved enough soil from the field’s edges to fill the hole.
　　Opening day attracted a huge crowd of soccer fans， all amazed by the new field.Before the game， the Rockers gathered together.They did it.Together they successfully turned an unseemly lot into their field of dreams.Everyone was excited and they decided to get out there hand in hand.Later， as the clock was running out on the 0∶0 score， Mariana kicked the ball hard.When she saw it slip through the opposing goalie’s hands， she realized that her dream had actually come true！
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回顾单元知识·提高语言能力
一、核心单词写对
1.　diamond　 n.钻石
2.　collar　 n.衣领；颈圈；圈，箍
3.　outline　 vt.概述，略述
n.概述；轮廓线，略图
4.　arrest　 n.& vt.逮捕，拘捕
5.　wire　 vt.给（某人）打电报；接通（电源）
n.金属丝；电线；铁丝网
6.　criminal　 n.罪犯
adj.犯法的，犯罪的；刑事的；不道德的
7.　ward　 n.病房
8.　mineral　 n.矿物，矿物质
9.　superb　 adj.极佳的，卓越的，质量极高的
10.　likewise　 adv.同样地；也，而且
11.　integrity　 n.诚实正直；完整，完好
12.　garbage　 n.垃圾；废话
13.　bonus　 n.意外收获；奖金，红利
14.　sow　 vt.& vi.播种，种
Ⅰ.根据所给单词的首字母或汉语提示，写出单词的正确形式
1.The film ended most satisfactorily： vice punished and virtue　 rewarded.
2.Is it worthwhile　 quarrelling with him over such a small matter？
3.She is said to be four inches　 shorter than her sister.
4.It is a shame for John to cheat　 in the exam.
5.　Organic　 （有机的） vegetables taste more delicious than those treated with chemical fertilizers.
6.We worked day and night so that we could meet the 　deadline　 （截止日期）.
7.Why should I say sorry when it’s not my 　fault　 （过错）？
8.I want to withdraw 500 CNY from my 　savings　 （储蓄金） account.
9.Activities all take place under the 　guidance　 （指导） of an experienced tutor.
二、拓展词汇用活
1.　appointment　 n.约定，约会；任命，委任；职务→appoint vt.安排，确定（时间、地点）；任命，委派→appointed adj.约定的，指定的
2.　reliable　 adj.可信赖的，可依靠的；真实可信的，可靠的→rely vi.依赖，依靠→reliability n.可靠性
3.　suspect　 vt.& vi.疑有，觉得 n.嫌疑犯，可疑对象→suspicious adj.怀疑的；猜疑的→suspicion n.怀疑，猜疑；嫌疑
4.　legal　 adj.合法的；法律的→illegal adj.不合法的；违法的→illegally adv.非法地
5.　resign　 vt.& vi.辞职，辞去→resigned adj.逆来顺受的，顺从的；无可奈何的→resignation n.辞职；辞呈
6.　guilty　 adj.感到内疚的，感到惭愧的；有罪的，有过失的→guilt n.内疚，悔恨；犯罪，罪行；罪责，罪过
7.　ashamed　 adj.惭愧，羞愧，尴尬→shame n.羞愧；羞愧感；让人遗憾的事 vt.使羞愧；使丢脸
8.　forgive　 vt.& vi.原谅，宽恕；免除（债务）→forgiveness n.原谅，宽恕
9.　disappointed　 adj.失望的，沮丧的→disappoint vt.使人失望→disappointing adj.令人失望的→disappointment n.失望；让人失望的人或事
Ⅱ.用所给单词的适当形式填空
1.Henry was 　appointed　 as headmaster and wanted to tell his girlfriend the good news at the 　appointed　 time， but she missed their 　appointment　 somehow.（appoint）
2.He is so 　reliable　 （rely） everyone here is fond of him.
3.In the USA， people who sneak 　illegally　 into the United States are called 　illegal　 immigrants， who， if caught， would be sent back to their home countries.（legal）
4.John had a 　guilty　 （guilt） look on his face because he didn’t hand in his work on time.
5.I feel very 　disappointed　 （disappoint） that you are unable to support me on this project.
6.When you have done something wrong， admit it and ask for 　forgiveness　 （forgive）.
三、重点短语用准
1.　 tear down　 　 拆毁，拆除
2.　make one’s fortune　　　发财
3.　lose contact　 　　失去联系
4.　arm in arm　　　臂挽着臂
5.　under arrest　 　　被逮捕
6.　at the mercy of sb/sth　 　　任……处置，对……无能为力
7.　weigh on sb/sth　　　使焦虑不安，加重……的思想负担
Ⅲ.选用上面短语并用其适当形式填空
1.The city will 　tear down　 the old building and create a park.
2.He left school early and went to a big city to 　make his fortune　.
3.He was rather depressed after his unemployment and 　losing contact　 with his former colleagues.
4.The young couple walked away， 　arm in arm　.
四、经典句式写美
1.句型公式：完全倒装句
教材原句：　In the doorway of a store stood a man　 （一个男人站在一家店门口）， with an unlit cigar in his mouth.
2.句型公式：“形容词/副词＋enough＋to do sth”结构
教材原句：Twenty years is a long time， but 　not long enough to change　 （没有长到改变） the shape of a man’s nose.
3.句型公式：祈使句＋and＋陈述句
教材原句：　Sow the seeds of success today　 （今天播下成功的种子） and your harvest will be great tomorrow.
Ⅳ.完成句子
1.On the ground 　lay some air conditioners　.
地上放着一些空调。
2.The ice on the river is 　thick enough to walk on it.
河上的冰厚得足够能在上面行走。
3.　Use your head and　 you will have a good idea.
动动脑筋，你就会想出一个好办法。
整合话题元素·增强思维品质
夯实素材储备·注重续写体验
情感描写 ①virtue n.美德；正直的品性；优点 ②guilty adj.感到内疚的，感到惭愧的；有罪的，有过失的 ③merciful adj.仁慈的，宽恕的 ④ashamed adj.惭愧，羞愧，尴尬 ⑤disappointed adj.失望的，沮丧的 ⑥discouraged adj.灰心的
动作描写 ①bow n.蝴蝶结；弓 vi.鞠躬；低（头） ②forgive vt.& vi.原谅，宽恕；免除（债务） ③cheat vt.欺骗，蒙骗 vi.作弊，舞弊 ④embrace vt.& vi.欣然接受；包含；拥抱
其他 burden n.（义务、责任等的）重担，负担
一、连词成句
　　根据教材语料中所给词汇及汉语提示翻译下列句子。
1.汤姆来自一个贫困家庭，他试图获得奖学金，以减轻家庭的经济负担。（并列句；非谓语动词）
　Tom comes from a poor family， and he is trying to obtain a scholarship to reduce the financial burden on the family.　
2.在奖学金的诱惑下，他在考试中作弊了，这使他陷入了极度痛苦中。（非限制性定语从句）
　Tempted by the scholarship， he cheated in the exam， which plunged him into extreme pain.　
3.他觉得他应该用美德去美化自己的心灵。（宾语从句）
　He felt that he should decorate his soul with virtue.　
4.他决定把真相告诉老师。（非谓语动词）
　He determined to tell his teacher the truth.　
5.他一走进办公室，就向老师鞠了一躬，说：“我为我的所作所为感到羞耻，我只是……请原谅我……”（语言描写；时间状语从句）
　The moment he came into the office， he bowed to his teacher saying that “I am ashamed of what I did. I only ...Please forgive me ...”　
6.他的眼泪涌了出来。（过去进行时）
　His tears were welling up his eyes.　
7.老师很仁慈。他理解汤姆并且原谅了他，而且紧紧地拥抱了他！（并列动词）
　The teacher was merciful.He understood Tom， forgave him and embraced him tightly！　
二、连句成文
　　用适当的过渡词将上面的句子合并成一个小语段。
　　　Tom comes from a poor family， and he is trying to obtain a scholarship to reduce the financial burden on the family. Tempted by the scholarship， he cheated in the exam， which plunged him into extreme pain. He felt that he should decorate his soul with virtue. At last， he determined to tell his teacher the truth. The moment he came into the office， he bowed to his teacher saying that “I am ashamed of what I did. I only ...Please forgive me ...” Then his tears were welling up his eyes. The teacher was merciful.He understood Tom， forgave him and embraced him tightly！　
4 / 4Section Ⅱ　Grammar and usage
状语从句复习
阅读下列句子并体会加蓝部分连词的用法。
1.He knew that if he came back， he could help advance science in China.
2.When he had to go away on business， he always chose the midnight flight so that he did not miss any work in the daytime.
3.Huang excelled where he was working and made substantial contributions to his country.
4.Since he spent so much time on work， he was unable to see his family very often.
5.In fact， he worked so hard that he did not pay enough attention to his own health.
6.Although he spent many years in the UK，Huang’s heart never left his homeland.
【我的发现】
（1）句1是　条件　状语从句；
（2）句2是　时间　状语从句；
（3）句3是　地点　状语从句；
（4）句4是　原因　状语从句；
（5）句5是　结果　状语从句；
（6）句6是　让步　状语从句。
　　状语从句在主从复合句中作状语，修饰主句中的动词、形容词或副词等。状语从句放在主句之前时，常用逗号与主句隔开；放在主句之后时，一般不用逗号。状语从句按其意义和作用一般可分为时间状语从句、条件状语从句、原因状语从句、让步状语从句、目的状语从句、结果状语从句、方式状语从句、比较状语从句和地点状语从句九种。
一、时间状语从句
1.when、while与as引导的时间状语从句
连词 从句谓语动词 用法
when 延续性动词或非延续性动词 从句的动作和主句的动作可以同时发生，也可以先后发生
while 延续性动词 从句的动作与主句的动作同时发生
as 延续性动词 强调主从句动作相伴发生，意为“一边……一边……；随着”
When I was at school， I loved history.
我上学时就喜欢历史。
While I played the piano， my elder sister did her homework.
我弹钢琴时，姐姐做她的家庭作业。
As it gets warmer and warmer， the trees begin to come to life.
随着天气越来越暖和，树木开始有了生机。
2.before与since引导的时间状语从句
连词 词义 常用句式
before 在……之前；还未……就……；……才……；趁……；还没来得及…… it will be＋一段时间＋before ...“过……（时间）才……”
it won’t be long before ... “不久就……”
it was＋一段时间＋before ...“过了……（时间）才……”
since 自从……以来 it is/has been＋一段时间＋since ...（从句用一般过去时）“自从……以来已经有……（时间）了”
It will be half a year before I come back.
要过半年我才能回来。
It won’t be long before we meet again.
用不了多久我们就会再见面。
It was three days before he came back.
三天后他才回来。
It is/has been ten years since the criminal was arrested.那名罪犯被捕已经十年了。
3.表示“一……就……”含义的词（短语）引导的时间状语从句
（1）引导时间状语从句，且表示“一……就……”含义的词或短语有as soon as、the moment、the minute、the instant、immediately、directly、instantly、hardly/scarcely ...when、no sooner ...than ...等。
I will go there directly I have finished my breakfast.
吃完早饭，我将立即到那里去。
We will leave the minute you are ready.
你一准备好，我们就出发。
（2）在hardly/scarcely ...when、no sooner ...than ...中，主句应用过去完成时，从句应用一般过去时；当no sooner ...和hardly/scarcely ...置于句首时，主句要部分倒装。
Hardly/Scarcely had he heard the news when he began to cry.
他一听到这个消息就哭了。
No sooner had we arrived at the station than the train left.我们刚到火车站火车就开走了。
4.until与till引导的时间状语从句
（1）until与till引导时间状语从句的区别
连词 位置 用法
until 可以放在句首 not ...until可用于强调句
till 不可放在句首 一般不用于强调句
We walked along the river until/till it was dark.
我们沿着河边散步，一直走到天黑。
It was not until the professor came that we began the experiment.
直到教授来了，我们才开始实验。
（2）not until置于句首时，主句要用部分倒装。
Not until she saw the present did she feel happy.
直到看到礼物她才感到高兴。
（3）until/till用于肯定句时，表示“直到……为止”，主句的谓语动词是延续性动词；用于否定句时，表示“直到……才”，主句的谓语动词是非延续性动词。
They waited until/till I returned.
他们一直等着，直到我回来。
He didn’t know anything about it until/till I told him.直到我告诉他，他才知道这件事。
5.引导时间状语从句的其他常见连词（短语）
（1）其他常见的引导时间状语从句的连词（短语）还有after、whenever、every time、each time、next time、the first/last time、any time、by the time、the day/year等。
Every time I express an opinion， she always argues back.每当我发表意见时，她总是反驳。
（2）by the time引导的时间状语从句如果用一般现在时，主句则用将来完成时；如果用一般过去时，主句则用过去完成时。
By the time you come back， we will have finished the job.
到你回来的时候，我们将已经完成了这项工作。
By the time we got there， the rain had stopped.
我们到那里时，雨已经停了。
【即时演练1】　单句语法填空
①Over time， 　as/when the population grew， people began cutting food into small pieces so it would cook more quickly.
②If you miss this chance， it may be years 　before　 you get another one.
③As far as I know， it is not 　until　 he returns home every evening that his mother will go to bed.
④Hardly/No sooner had we got to the destination 　when/than　 we set out to do some volunteer work there.
二、地点状语从句和条件状语从句
1.地点状语从句
地点状语从句常由where、 wherever等引导，从句可以放在主句前，也可以放在主句后。where与wherever 意义基本相同，但后者语气较强，多用于书面语。
Where there is a will， there is a way.
有志者，事竟成。
Put the money wherever we can see it.
把钱放在任何我们能看见的地方。
2.条件状语从句
引导条件状语从句的常见从属连词（短语）有if、only if、unless、as/so long as、in case、once、on condition that、provided/providing （that）、supposing/suppose （that）、assuming that等。
You’ll fail the exam unless you study hard.
除非你努力学习，否则你会考试不及格。
Supposing that they refuse us， who else can we turn to for help？
假如他们拒绝了我们，我们还能求助于谁呢？
3.在条件状语从句中，用一般现在时代替一般将来时，一般过去时代替过去将来时。
In case there is a fire， what will we do first？
万一发生火灾，我们首先做什么？
三、原因状语从句和目的状语从句
1.because/as/since/now （that）引导的原因状语从句
连词 （短语） 位置 内涵 语气 能否回答why 能否被强调
because 主句前或后 直接原因 强 能 能
as 主句前或后 双方都知道的原因 弱 不能 不能
since/now （that） 通常位于主句前
The old man asked Lucy to move to another chair because he wanted to sit next to his wife.
那位老人让露西坐到另一把椅子上，因为他想挨着他的妻子坐。
I can’t go with you， as I have a lot of work to do.
我不能和你一起去，因为我有很多工作要做。
Now that/Since everyone is here， we can begin our discussion.
既然大家都在这儿，我们可以开始讨论了。
2.in order that 引导的目的状语从句可置于主句之前或之后，而so that引导的从句通常置于主句之后。目的状语从句中常含有can、could、may、might等情态动词。
My old father began to study computer at the age of sixty so that he might keep up with times.
我的老父亲六十岁时开始学习电脑，以便跟上时代的步伐。
3.for fear that/in case引导目的状语从句时，从句一般要用虚拟语气，即谓语用“（should＋）动词原形”。
He wrote the name down for fear that/in case he （should） forget it.
他把名字写下来以免忘记。
【即时演练2】　完成句子
①　If you’re interested in the Chinese folk art　， please e-mail me.
如果你对中国民间艺术感兴趣，请发邮件给我。
②　Wherever he went　， he carried a notebook around with him.
不管走到哪里，他都随身携带一个笔记本。
③　Now that/Since you’ve grown up　， you must learn to stand on your own two feet.
你既然已经长大成人，就必须学会独立生活。
④She’s very strict — we don’t dare to say a word 　unless she asks us to　.
她很严厉——如果她不要求，我们连一句话也不敢说。
四、结果状语从句
1.引导结果状语从句的从属连词有so that、so ...that ...、 such ...that ...。在非正式语体中，由so ...that ...、such ...that ...引导的句子中的that可以省略，其结构为：
so＋＋that从句
such＋＋that从句
Everybody lent a hand so that the work was finished ahead of time.
由于大家帮忙，所以工作提前完成了。
Our English teacher explains English grammar so clearly that all the students can understand it.
我们的英语老师把英语语法解释得如此清晰，以至于所有的学生都能理解。
There are so many things in the shop that it is difficult to know what to buy.
商店里的东西太多，不知道买什么好。
Mike is such an honest worker that we all believe in him.
＝Mike is so honest a worker that we all believe in him.
迈克是一个如此诚实的工人，以至于我们都信任他。
2.为了强调形容词和副词，当so或such之后，that之前的内容置于句首时，主句要用倒装语序。
So clever a student was he that he was able to work out all the difficult questions.
他是一个如此聪明的学生，以至于能够解出所有难题。
五、让步状语从句
1.although、though、as与while引导的让步状语从句
（1）although引导让步状语从句时，只能用正常语序；though引导让步状语从句时，可用正常语序，也可用倒装语序； as也可以引导让步状语从句，常用于倒装句型，即要把从句中作表语的名词或形容词、作状语的副词或作谓语的实义动词置于句首，若表语是单数可数名词，前置时要省略冠词。
Although/Though he may be troubled， he always presents a calm smiling face.
尽管他可能会遇到麻烦，但他总是露出平静的微笑。
Much as/though I have traveled， I have never seen anyone who’s as capable as John.
虽然我已经去过很多地方，但我从未见过像约翰这么能干的人。
Child as/though he was， he helped me a lot.
尽管他是个孩子，他却帮助我很多。
Try as/though he might， he could not open the door.
不管他怎样努力，他还是不能打开那个门。
（2）although与though都可以与yet、still连用，但不能和but连用。
（3）while引导让步状语从句时，一般置于句首。
While I admit that there are problems， I don’t agree that they cannot be solved.
尽管我承认有问题存在，但我不同意这些问题不能解决。
2.even if与even though引导的让步状语从句
even if与even though表示“即使，纵然”，引导让步状语从句时，可用虚拟语气，也可用陈述语气。
I’ll do it， even if/though it takes me all the afternoon.
我要做这件事，即使它花去我整个下午的时间。
3.“no matter＋疑问词”与“疑问词＋-ever”引导的让步状语从句
（1）“no matter＋疑问词”相当于“疑问词＋-ever”，二者都可以引导让步状语从句。
Don’t trust him， no matter what/whatever he says.
无论他说什么都不要相信他。
（2）whoever、whatever、whomever、whichever还可以引导名词性从句，但“no matter＋疑问词”不可以。
4.whether ...or （not） ...引导的让步状语从句
We’ll go on with the work， whether we can find the necessary tools or we cannot.
不管我们能否找到所需的工具，我们都要把这项工作做下去。
六、其他状语从句
状语从句类型 从属连词
方式状语从句 as、 as if、as though
比较状语从句 as ...as、not as/so ...as、比较级＋than
The old lady treats the boy as if he were her own son.
那个老太太对待那个男孩就好像他是她的亲生儿子一样。
He is taller than any other student in our school.
他比我们学校的任何一个学生都高。
【即时演练3】　单句语法填空
①Poor 　as/though　 they are， they still do their best to help those homeless children.
②　However/No matter 　how　 angry you feel， you shouldn’t shout at your children.
③He earned so little money 　that　 he couldn’t support his family.
④He acted as 　if　 he hadn’t heard any of it.
⑤Even 　if/though　 I were in your place， I wouldn’t take the job.
Part Ⅰ　核心词汇集释
resign vt.& vi.辞职，辞去；听任，顺从
【教材原句】　Eventually he resigned his post in the UK and returned to China to work at Jilin University in Changchun.最终，他辞去了在英国的职位，回到中国，在长春的吉林大学工作。
【用法】
（1）resign from　从……辞职 resign as　　辞去（某职务） resign one’s post/position 辞职 resign oneself to　　听任，顺从，只好接受，使自己安于…… （2）resignation n.　　辞职；辞呈；辞职信 a letter of resignation　　一封辞职信
【佳句】　He resigned from the company in order to take a more challenging job.
他从这家公司辞职以便能够从事更有挑战性的工作。
【练透】　单句语法填空
①At sixteen， I resigned myself 　to　 the fact that I’d never be a dancer.
②Ten years ago， he resigned 　from　 a company in Beijing and went to Shenzhen to set up his own company.
③Yesterday Mr Smith went into the manager’s office with a letter of 　resignation　 （resign）.
【写美】　完成句子
④I 　handed in my resignation　 this morning.
我今天上午提交了辞职信。
ashamed adj.惭愧，羞愧，尴尬
【教材原句】　I was so ashamed of myself.我为自己感到羞愧。
【用法】
（1）be/feel ashamed of sb/sth　为某人/某事感到羞愧 be ashamed to do sth　　耻于做某事；因惭愧而不情愿做某事 （2）shame n.　　羞愧；羞愧感；让人遗憾的事 vt.　　使羞愧；使丢脸 to one’s shame　　　　　　令某人惭愧的是 it’s a shame that/to do ...　　真可惜…… （3）shameful adj.　　　　可耻的；丢脸的 shameless adj.　　无耻的；没廉耻的
【佳句】　She was deeply ashamed of her behaviour at the party.她对自己在聚会上的行为深感羞愧。
【练透】　单句语法填空
①We are often ashamed 　of　 our shortcomings， our mistakes and our failures.
②It is 　shameful　 （shame） to break school rules from time to time.
③　To　 her shame， she gained back all the weight she’d lost.
④That is the only French phrase I mastered， and it’s 　a　 shame that I don’t have much use for it.
【写美】　翻译句子
⑤我真不好意思说我向她撒了谎。（ashamed）
　I’m ashamed to say that I lied to her.　
forgive vt.& vi.（forgave， forgiven） 原谅，宽恕；免除（债务）
【教材原句】　I hope my fans can forgive me.我希望我的粉丝们能原谅我。
【用法】
（1）forgive sb sth　　原谅某人某事 forgive one’s doing sth　　原谅某人做了某事 forgive sb for （doing） sth　　原谅某人（做了）某事 forgive and forget　　摒弃前嫌，不念旧恶 （2）forgiveness n.　　原谅，宽恕 ask/beg/pray for （sb’s） forgiveness 请求/祈求（某人的）宽恕
【佳句】　I’ll never forgive her for what she did.
我绝不会原谅她做的事。
【练透】　单句语法填空
①Forgive me 　for　 interrupting， but I really don’t agree with that.
②Guilty and ashamed， he came into his teacher’s office to beg for his 　forgiveness　 （forgive）.
【写美】　完成句子
③Although Chinese families 　will forgive you for your being late　， I suggest you should arrive on time.
虽然中国家庭会原谅你迟到，但我建议你要准时到达。
disappointed adj.失望的，沮丧的
【教材原句】　Frankly speaking， I was disappointed but I smiled as broadly as I could.
说实话，我是失望的，但我还是尽量让自己笑容满面。
【用法】
（1）be disappointed at/by sth　对某事感到失望 be disappointed in/with sb　　对某人感到失望 be disappointed to find/see/hear ...失望地发现/看到/听说…… （2）disappointing adj. 令人失望的，令人沮丧的 （3）disappoint vt.　　使人失望 （4）disappointment n. 失望；让人失望的人或事 in disappointment　　失望地 to one’s disappointment　　使某人失望的是
【佳句】　They were bitterly disappointed at the result of the game.
他们对比赛结果极为失望。
【练透】　单句语法填空
①His refusal to come to our English evening party was very 　disappointing　 （disappoint）.
②We were all disappointed 　to learn　 （learn） that the picnic had been cancelled.
③To his great 　disappointment　 （disappoint）， his car broke down on the way to the beach.
④There was a 　disappointed　 （disappoint） look on David’s face when he knew he didn’t pass the driving test.
【写美】　完成句子
⑤She tried her hardest not to show 　how disappointed she was　.
她竭力不流露出自己有多失望。
pretend vi.& vt.假装；装扮，扮作；自诩，自认为
【教材原句】　Then I walked away， pretending not to have heard anything.
然后我走开了，假装什么也没听到。
【用法】
pretend to be＋名词/形容词　假装是…… pretend to do sth　　假装要做某事 pretend to be doing sth　　假装正在做某事 pretend to have done sth　　假装已做过某事 pretend （to sb） that　　假装……
【佳句】　She opened a book， pretending to read， with tears dropping on the open page.
她打开一本书，假装在看书，眼泪掉在打开的那一页上。 （读后续写之心理描写）
【点津】　pretend后接动词不定式时，一定要注意动词不定式时态的变化。根据句意可用一般式、进行式或完成式。类似用法的动词还有happen、appear、seem、claim等。
【练透】　单句语法填空
①She pretended 　to be　 （be） dead when she met a bear and succeeded in escaping from being attacked.
②In order not to be punished， he pretended 　to have known　 （know） the answer to the maths problem already.
③She pretended 　to be listening　 （listen） to the manager， but actually she was thinking about something else.
【写美】　句式升级
④She pretended she didn’t know me when we met in the street， which really upset me.
→She 　pretended not to know me　 when we met in the street， which really upset me.
Part Ⅱ　中频词汇特训
guilty adj.感到内疚的，感到惭愧的；有罪的，有过失的
【教材原句】　Lily was not happy about the photos， though.“I was feeling guilty because I was cheating my fans，” she said.不过，莉莉对这些照片并不满意。“我感到内疚，因为我欺骗了我的粉丝，”她说。
【用法】
（1）feel guilty about/at　　　对……感到内疚 （2）be guilty of （doing） sth 犯有……错误的；犯有……罪行的
【佳句】　I still feel guilty about things I said to my mother when I was a teenager.
我至今还在为我十几岁时对妈妈讲的话感到内疚。
【练透】　单句语法填空
①I feel really guilty 　about/at　 forgetting her birthday again.
②The evidence shows that the man is guilty 　of　 robbing the bank.
维度一：基础题型练
单句语法填空。
1.She must have done something wrong， because she’s looking so 　guilty　 （guilt）.
2.My parents took lots of 　photographs　 （photographer） of us when we were small.
3.　So　 honest a person is he that you can turn to him for help when you are in trouble.
4.I was a little nervous at first， but everyone was so nice and friendly 　that　 I soon stopped worrying.
5.When we stood 　where　 we used to play， we couldn’t help thinking of our happy old days.
6.We should protect our environment from being polluted 　so　 that our next generation will enjoy a blue sky and live a healthy life.
7.We’re going to hold a charity show tomorrow.You can join us 　since/now that　 you have no idea what to do for the weekend.
8.One can always manage to do more things 　however/no matter 　how　 full his schedule is in life.
9.How did you feel 　when　 you saw the terrible accident happening in front of you？
10.The meaning of the word “nice” changed a few times 　before　 it finally came to include the sense “pleasant”.
维度二：语法与写作
根据汉语提示完成下列句子。
1.　As the summer vacation is approaching　， I will be free for almost three months.
随着暑假的临近，我将有几乎三个月的空闲时间。
2.I won’t go to attend his wedding 　unless he invites me　.
除非他邀请我，否则我是不会去参加他的婚礼的。
3.It is 　such fine weather that　 we all want to go to the park.
天气如此晴朗，以至于我们都想去公园。
4.We’ll start our meeting on time 　whether he comes or not　.
无论他来还是不来，我们都将准时开会。
5.The girl stood at the door 　as if she was waiting for someone　.
女孩站在门口，似乎在等人。
维度三：语法与语篇
阅读下面短文，用适当的连词填空。
　　My mother was cooking in the kitchen 1.　while/when　 I was doing my school assignments.No sooner had I finished my homework 2.　than　 the door bell rang.However， my sister unlocked the door 3.　before　 I could open it.We were surprised the moment we saw her 4.　because　 her clothes and face were terribly dirty.5.　Since/As　 we didn’t know what had happened to her， we stood there and waited for my sister’s story.We wouldn’t leave 6.　unless　 my sister told us all about it.7.　After　 my sister got changed， she told us that she fell into a ditch（沟） 8.　when/while　 she walked on a path on her way to my uncle’s home in the countryside.She couldn’t get out of the ditch.9.　Although/Though/While　 she cried for help loudly， no one could hear her.She tried to climb out of it， but 10.　however　 hard she tried， she failed to escape from it.11.　As　 time went by， she got worried.
　　After several vain attempts she had to stand 12.　where　 she was and waited 13.　until　 a boy student passed by and gave her a hand.The boy reached her a long rope and told her to climb with the rope.She did 14.　as　 the boy told， and she came out.
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
　　It was a Sunday night.I circled the neighbourhood a few times， looking for a place to leave my car.Finally， I found one a block south of my house.It was behind a late-model Jeep.I tried to back into the space， but I failed to see the angles clearly.I heard it before I felt it， the sound of plastic on plastic， like a sheet of sandpaper along the surface of a painted piece of wood.I got out of my car to check the damage.My car was unharmed.However， there were two distinct lines on the Jeep.
　　Then I noticed a woman， walking her dog， who was now photographing me with her phone.“I hope you’re not planning to drive away，” she said quietly.Until then， I was annoyed with myself for having been so careless， but now， I was mad with her for taking my picture.“How dare she？”I thought.She had no respect for my privacy.
　　And how dare she assume I would do the wrong thing？ But soon I calmed down because I knew she wasn’t entirely incorrect.I’d made no decision to drive away without leaving a note， but I’d be lying if I said the idea hadn’t flashed across my mind.It was dark， and aside from her no one was watching.It happens all the time — the hit-and-run in the parking lot.
　　We all have those desires to behave selfishly， to go against the social contract； it is not the thought but what we do with it that counts.It is the commitment to take responsibility， to care for one another， and to think about the greater good that makes this world a better place to stay.The choice to own up was left to me.I left a note with my name and phone number under the wiper blade （雨刮器） of the Jeep.
语篇解读：本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者讲述了自己不小心剐蹭一辆车后，主动留下自己信息的故事。作者希望借自己的故事向读者传达人人都应该为自己做错的事情承担责任的道理。
1.What happened to the author on that Sunday night？（　　）
A.He knocked down someone.
B.He got hurt in a car accident.
C.He hit a parked car accidentally.
D.He failed to find a parking space.
解析：C　细节理解题。根据第一段内容可知，那天晚上，作者倒车时不小心蹭了一辆泊在车位上的吉普车。
2.Why did the author feel angry with the woman？（　　）
A.She blocked his view on purpose.
B.She spoke to him in a very rude way.
C.She photographed him without permission.
D.She refused to take responsibility for her faults.
解析：C　细节理解题。根据第二段中的a woman ... photographing me with her phone ...She had no respect for my privacy可知，那位女士未经作者允许就拍了作者的照片，作者认为这侵犯了他的隐私。
3.What does the underlined part “own up” in the last paragraph mean？（　　）
A.Admit.　　 B.Occupy.
C.Disappear.　　 D.Refuse.
解析：A　词义猜测题。根据上文可知，作者剐蹭了别人的车，此处应该是指作者决定“承认”自己的过失，下文作者留下自己姓名和电话的行为是作者承担责任的具体表现。
4.What does the author intend to tell us through his story？（　　）
A.Everyone makes mistakes.
B.Always do the right thing.
C.Avoid conflicts with others.
D.Apologizing sincerely matters.
解析：B　主旨大意题。作者在最后一段指出，人人都应该按照社会契约行事，愿意承担责任、关爱他人、为大局着想，世界才会更美好。
B
　　89-year-old Derlin Newey， who lives in the Roy area of Utah， has supplemented （补充） his Social Security income for a little over a year by delivering food for Papa John’s Pizza.When Newey delivered a large apple pizza to Gladys Valdez a few weeks ago with a smile and struck up a conversation， Gladys was completely pleased.
　　“He was just so friendly， really talkative， and just super sweet and genuine，” Gladys told her husband， Carlos Valdez about Newey.Carlos was so taken with Newey’s friendliness and high passion — and the fact that he was delivering pizza at his age — that he decided to crowdfund on Newey’s behalf via a Venmo link on his TikTok page.Thousands of people donated and it all added up to more than $12，000.　
　　Then came the surprise delivery.When Newey opened the door to his mobile home， Carlos was standing there holding an empty pizza box， which he had stuffed with an envelope full of all the cash.Newey was flabbergasted， and his eyes filled with tears.Since the initial fundraiser that brought in $12，000， people have donated $8，000 more for Newey.
　　Newey， a retired salesman， typically works about 30 hours a week， Mondays through Saturdays delivering pizza.As a native of Utah’s Ogden area， he spent 26 years living in Gridley， California， and working for National Merchandising， and he also earned a bachelor’s degree from Brigham Young University.Young Newey was a competitive skier， and he later taught skiing； about four years ago， he gave up skiing because it became too difficult physically.
　　Even if Newey didn’t need the extra income， he said， he would still do his delivery job because he loves it.“Oh， fantastic，” he said about his job.“I love the people I’m working with， and I love having pleasant conversations and making friends with people.The beautiful children — you should see the smiles on their faces when they say，‘Oh， we’re going to have pizza tonight！’ That’s worth more than the money I make.”
语篇解读：本文是一篇新闻报道。热心的Carlos通过TikTok为89岁的披萨外卖员Newey筹到2万多美元的善款作为生活补给。
5.What did Gladys think of Newey？（　　）
A.Reserved and sensitive.
B.Enthusiastic and sociable.
C.Disciplined and thoughtful.
D.Ambitious and hard-working.
解析：B　观点态度题。根据第一段中的When Newey delivered a large apple pizza to Gladys Valdez a few weeks ago with a smile and struck up a conversation和第二段中Gladys所说的He was just so friendly， really talkative， and just super sweet and genuine可知，Newey在Gladys的眼里是一个热情、善于交际的人。
6.How did Carlos help Newey？（　　）
A.By delivering pizza for him.
B.By raising money online for him.
C.By ordering more pizza from him.
D.By making good comments about him.
解析：B　细节理解题。根据第二段中的he decided to crowdfund on Newey’s behalf via a Venmo link on his TikTok page可知，Carlos通过在网上筹集资金来帮助Newey。
7.What does the underlined word “flabbergasted” in Paragraph 3 probably mean？（　　）
A.Extremely shocked.　 B.Severely depressed.
C.Pretty frightened.　　 D.Rather annoyed.
解析：A　词义猜测题。根据第三段开头的the surprise delivery和Carlos带来的善款以及画线词后面的his eyes filled with tears可推知，Newey 大吃一惊，满眼泪水。故画线词flabbergasted意为“非常震惊”。
8.What can we learn about Newey from the last two paragraphs？（　　）
A.He turned down Carlos’ help.
B.He dreamed of being a ski coach.
C.He received a poor education.
D.He found the delivery job worthwhile.
解析：D　细节理解题。根据最后一段中Newey所说的话可知，Newey喜欢送披萨这份工作，喜欢和顾客聊天、交朋友，喜欢看到孩子们拿到披萨时脸上洋溢的笑容。这些在他看来更有价值和意义。
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
　　When choosing to add a pet to the family， you may spend more time focusing on the joy and happiness you expect your new pet will bring.9.（　　） Though there is no true definition of a responsible pet parent， these are a few widely accepted tips to help you create a happy， healthy life for your furry friends.
　　Food and shelter
　　10.（　　） Your pets will need continuous access to clean water， healthy and nutritious food， and shelter from the elements （恶劣的天气）.Cats and dogs will live healthier， happier， more rewarding lives when they are treated as full members of the family， living side-by-side with you in your homes.
　　Healthcare
　　Regular preventive care is key to helping your pet live a long and healthy life.It’s best to establish a relationship with a veterinarian （兽医） to help keep you on track with regular check-ups and vaccinations （接种疫苗）.11.（　　） When the time has come， your veterinarian can help you keep your pet comfortable， pain-free， and loved， and guide you in making decisions on end-of-life care.
　　Training and socialization
　　Behavioral issues are the number one reason why animals are abandoned to shelters， so training and socializing your pets helps make sharing your homes with them much easier.For example， a dog who has been trained in basic obedience （服从） knows what behaviors are acceptable and what is expected of him.12.（　　）
　　Love
　　This may be the most important responsibility of all.13.（　　） They are companions who depend on you for their care.They are in tune with you and live for your happiness.Responsible pet parents work hard to do the same for them.
A.Your pets are not possessions you own.
B.Your pets need to stay in shape just like you do.
C.Animal overpopulation is a real issue all over the world.
D.An established relationship with a veterinarian can also be helpful as your pet ages.
E.Providing your pet with the basic necessities of life should go without saying.
F.While that’s true， they also come with a set of duties that everyone should consider.
G.This can help him be more cooperative， comfortable， and confident in the home environment.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了宠物主人应该承担的几项责任。
9.F　设空处前一句指出：在决定要养宠物时，你可能更关注你认为新宠物会带来的快乐和幸福。F项（虽然这是真的，但它们也会带来一系列每个人都应该考虑的职责）符合语境，与上文构成转折关系。F项中第一个that指代上文描述的情况。
10.E　根据本段小标题“食物和住所”可知，E项（为宠物提供基本生活必需品是理所当然的）符合语境。E项中的basic necessities of life与小标题相呼应。
11.D　上文说明了宠物主人最好与兽医建立关系。下文指出：到了那个时候，你的兽医能为你提供帮助，让你的宠物觉得舒适、远离痛苦、感到被爱，指导你作出有关临终关怀的决定。故D项（随着宠物年龄的增长，与兽医建立关系也会有所帮助）符合语境。
12.G　设空处前一句指出：举例来说，接受过基本服从训练的狗了解什么行为是主人可以接受的，也清楚主人对它的期望。G项（这可以帮助它在家庭环境中更加乐于合作、感到舒适、充满自信）紧承上文，符合语境。G项中的This指代设空处前描述的情况。
13.A　上文说明了爱可能是最重要的一项责任。下文指出了它们是需要你照顾的伙伴；它们能够理解你；它们以你的幸福为生活目标。负责任的宠物主人会努力为它们做同样的事情。A项（你的宠物不是你的财产）符合语境。
Ⅲ.完形填空
　　Recently， I had one unpleasant but lucky day.My morning started out with a grouchy （爱发脾气的） kid who couldn’t be 　14　， whatever I tried to do for him.When I got in my car to take him to 　15　， I realized my gas tank was close to 　16　.To make matters worse， the traffic was unbearable.I felt 　17　.
　　After I filled up my tank and dropped the little one off to daycare， I headed to my favourite restaurant， 　18　 my favourite meal， went to the cashier， and then something 　19　 happened — my debit card （借记卡） was declined.I told the cashier that she must have run my card wrong and to 　20　 it again， only for the screen to read DECLINED again.My heart 　21　.
　　I immediately 　22　 my phone and called the bank number.Out of nowhere， this amazing woman came up behind me， hugged me， and 　23　 my lunch.I explained to her that I did have money when she 　24　 me and said，“You can pay me back by paying it forward.Have a good day.”
　　I was 　25　！ I’ve never seen anyone do anything like this in real life， and someone just 　26　！ My heart was full， and I couldn’t believe how someone who didn’t even know me could do such a thing for a 　27　！
　　Right then and there， I told myself that I was going to pay it forward.I was going to create in my child a spirit of 　28　， gratitude， and show him what paying it forward was all about.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。陌生人的慷慨帮助让作者懂得把爱传递下去。
14.A.moved　　 B.discouraged
C.satisfied　　 D.annoyed
解析：C　根据该空前的a grouchy （爱发脾气的） kid可知，“我”的孩子易怒，不管“我”做什么，都无法满足他。
15.A.school　　 B.daycare
C.hospital　　 D.town
解析：B　根据第二段中的dropped the little one off to daycare可知，“我”上车准备带孩子去托儿所。
16.A.new　　 B.full
C.huge　　 D.empty
解析：D　根据第二段中的I filled up my tank可知，“我”的油箱几乎空了。
17.A.terrible　　 B.scared
C.curious　　 D.ashamed
解析：A　根据上文的描述可知，“我”一大早就遇到很多不顺心的事情，因此“我”感到很糟糕。
18.A.shared　　 B.prepared
C.ordered　　 D.showed
解析：C　根据该空后的my favourite meal， went to the cashier可知，“我”点了最喜欢吃的饭菜，然后去了收银台。
19.A.unrecognizable　B.uncertain
C.unknown　　 D.unexpected
解析：D　根据下文my debit card （借记卡） was declined可知，这是意想不到的事情。
20.A.demand　　 B.adopt
C.try　　 D.purchase
解析：C　根据该空前的she must have run my card wrong可知，“我”告诉收银员，她一定是操作不当，让她再试一次。
21.A.opened　　 B.sank
C.slowed　　 D.hurt
解析：B　根据该空前的the screen to read DECLINED again可知，当屏幕又一次显示“我”的卡不能支付时，我感到很沮丧。
22.A.locked　　 B.grabbed
C.answered　　 D.connected
解析：B　根据该空后的called the bank number可知，“我”立刻抓起手机，拨打了银行的电话。
23.A.picked up　　 B.took away
C.put back　　 D.paid for
解析：D　根据下文You can pay me back by paying it forward.可知，这位女士替“我”付了款。
24.A.followed　　 B.stopped
C.reached　　 D.checked
解析：B　根据该空后的and said可知，这位女士打断“我”，并且对“我”说：“你可以通过把爱传递下去来回报我。祝你今天过得愉快。”
25.A.confused　　 B.amazed
C.concerned　　 D.determined
解析：B　根据该空后的I’ve never seen anyone do anything like this in real life可知，“我”很惊讶。
26.A.saved my day　 B.changed my mind
C.met my request 　　 D.caught my eye
解析：A　根据上文的描述可知，这位女士帮了“我”的大忙。
27.A.stranger　　 B.friend
C.neighbour　　 D.customer
解析：A　根据该空前的who didn’t even know me可知，“我”对那位女士来说是一个陌生人。
28.A.bravery　　B.patience
C.honesty　　D.kindness
解析：D　根据上文的描述以及该空后的gratitude可知，“我”要把孩子培养成一个善良且懂得感恩的人。
Ⅳ.语法填空
　　Over thousands of years， the Chinese have created brilliant culture and meanwhile formed our own moral code.This is what we call the traditional virtues of the Chinese nation， which are still of great 29.　　　　　　 （significant） today and whose value to the development of human civilization has been 30.　　　　　　 （general） recognized.
　　One of these traditional virtues is honesty， and “Zengzi kills the pig” is a well-known story about this valuable quality.Zengzi， a student of Confucius， was a person 31.　　　　　　 was upright and always kept his promise.One day， when Zengzi’s wife was about 32.　　　　　　 （go） to the market， her little son started making a scene 33.　　　　　 he insisted on going with her.To calm him down， she persuaded him into 34.　　　　　　 （stay） at home with a prize： killing their pig for him to eat when she returned.When she got back from the market， she saw Zengzi was 35.　　　　　　 his way to kill the pig and tried to stop him.Zengzi said，“If you deceive （欺骗） him this time， he will not believe in you any more.” In the end， the pig 36.　　　　　　 （kill）.With his own conduct， Zengzi taught his son to be 37.　　　　　　 （faith） to his word.
　　Despite the passage of time， honesty is still honored as a mainstream value and has appeared in countless 38.　　　　　　 （tale） throughout China’s history.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一则中国传统故事：曾子杀猪。
29.significance　考查词形转换。设空处为“of＋抽象名词”结构，该结构在句中充当形容词的作用，故填significance。
30.generally　考查词形转换。设空处在句中作状语，修饰recognized，应用副词，故填generally。
31.who/that　考查定语从句。设空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词a person，且在从句中作主语，故填who/that。
32.to go　考查非谓语动词。be about to do sth表示“即将/正要做某事”，故填to go。
33.and　考查连词。根据语境可知，设空处前后两句为并列句，故填and。
34.staying　考查非谓语动词。设空处作介词into的宾语，应用动词-ing形式，故填staying。
35.on　考查介词。on one’s way to do sth为固定搭配，意为“在去做某事的路上”。
36.was killed　考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。the pig与kill之间为被动关系，应用被动语态，且根据语境可知，设空处应用一般过去时，故填was killed。
37.faithful　考查词形转换。设空处在句中作表语，表示“忠实的，守信的”，故填形容词faithful。
38.tales　考查名词复数。tale为可数名词，意为“故事”，在此表泛指，且前面有countless修饰，故填tales。
18 / 18单元质量检测（一）　Honesty and responsibility
（满分150分，时间120分钟）
第一部分　听力（共两节，满分30分）
第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1.What will the woman do tonight？（　　）
A.Go to a concert.
B.Do some reading.
C.Visit her professor.
2.How will the woman go to Chicago？（　　）
A.By air.
B.By car.
C.By train.
3.What is probably the man？（　　）
A.A hotel clerk.
B.A shop keeper.
C.A waiter.
4.What does the man think Kate will like？（　　）
A.A book.
B.A CD.
C.A concert ticket.
5.Where does the man want to go？（　　）
A.A bank.
B.A shopping mall.
C.A post office.
第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）
　　听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
6.How often does Linda have yoga classes？（　　）
A.Once a week.
B.Twice a week.
C.Three times a week.
7.What may the two speakers do this Sunday afternoon？（　　）
A.Do some exercise.
B.See a movie.
C.Work together.
听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。
8.What will the man do this afternoon？（　　）
A.Hand in his homework.
B.Go out with the woman.
C.Do math and physics homework.
9.What day is it today？（　　）
A.Friday.　　　B.Saturday.　　　C.Sunday.
听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。
10.What did the man just do？（　　）
A.He kicked a rubbish bin.
B.He bought some bottled water.
C.He threw away a plastic bottle.
11.What does the woman usually do to protect the Earth？（　　）
A.Reuse the old things.
B.Collect plastic bottles.
C.Sort the rubbish.
12.What’s the most probable relationship between the speakers？（　　）
A.Teacher and student.
B.Classmates.
C.Friends.
听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。
13.What does the woman want the man to do？（　　）
A.Go to her birthday party.
B.Invite some friends to a party.
C.Help organise a birthday party.
14.When does the man plan to visit the woman on Friday？（　　）
A.About 7：30 p.m.
B.About 8：00 p.m.
C.About 8：30 p.m.
15.What will the man do on Friday？（　　）
A.Bring some drinks.
B.Prepare a cake.
C.Play the piano.
16.What is the man busy with？（　　）
A.A speech.　　B.His study.　　C.A report.
听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。
17.For whom may the language learning class aim？（　　）
A.People starting to work.
B.People retiring from work.
C.People wanting to travel abroad.
18.What did the members do first in class？（　　）
A.Writing down some words.
B.Talking in English.
C.Pronouncing words.
19.What may impress the speaker most in the English class？（　　）
A.The pleasant class atmosphere.
B.The friendly members.
C.The learned teacher.
20.What is the speaker mainly talking about？（　　）
A.Her English learning experience.
B.A way to learn English well.
C.Benefits of learning English.
答案：1－5　BCCAC　　　6－10　CBCCC
11－15　ACABC　　16－20　CACAA
听力材料：
（Text 1）
M：Hey， Mary， what about going to a concert tonight？
W：Sorry， John， I’m afraid I can’t. My professor asked me to finish reading the book tonight.
（Text 2）
M：Susan， I have heard you’re going to Chicago the day after tomorrow. Will you go there by plane？
W：No， I think it is too expensive. So I’ll take a train instead of taking a flight.
M：That would be a very long trip.
（Text 3）
M：May I take your order now， madam？
W：No. I’m still waiting for a friend. So I’ll just keep reading the menu. I’ll let you know when we’re ready to order.
M：OK.
（Text 4）
W：Kate’s birthday is coming. How about buying her a CD or a concert ticket？
M：I don’t think she will like that. A book may be a nice gift， because she loves reading.
（Text 5）
M：Excuse me， could you please tell me where I can post the package？
W：Yes， go past the shopping mall and turn right at the first cross， and you will find the place next to a bank.
（Text 6）
M：Hey， Linda， are you free after work？
W：No. I will have a yoga class from 7：30 p.m. to 9：00 p.m.
M：Oh. When did you start learning yoga？
W：Last month. You know， I am a little fat and doing yoga can keep me in shape. I take classes on every Wednesday and Friday evening and Saturday morning at the fitness centre.
M：That sounds good. So what about going to the cinema this Sunday afternoon？ It is said that the latest film is pretty wonderful.
W：That’s great！
（Text 7）
M：Karen， have you finished all your homework？
W：Not yet. I spent the whole morning doing math homework. It was just too difficult for me. Then I had no time to do physics homework and history homework. What about you？
M：I’ve only finished the history homework. So will you do your homework this afternoon？
W：Of course. It’s Monday tomorrow. We should hand in all the homework.
M：How about doing the rest of the homework together at your home？
W：Good idea.
（Text 8）
W：Don’t throw the plastic water bottle on the ground， Jack. Put it in the rubbish bin.
M：OK. I know.
W：The plastic will pollute the Earth. My teacher said that it’s everyone’s duty to protect the environment.
M：That’s true. But what can we do？
W：There are many things we can do， like using reusable products and taking public transportation. I usually keep plastic bottles， food cans and so on for future use.
M：I see， you really do a good job.
W：But that is not enough. We should call on more people to join us.
M：Yes. I will tell this to my classmates and other friends.
W：Great. If everyone takes action， our earth will be more and more beautiful.
M：I totally agree.
（Text 9）
W：Hi， Henry. This is Jennifer calling.
M：Hi， Jennifer. How is everything going？
W：Very well. Hey， actually， I am calling because it’s my birthday this Friday. I was wondering if you would come to my birthday party.
M：Of course I’ll come. But what time？
W：It’s 7：30 p.m. Is that OK？
M：I’m afraid I cannot make it on time. My workplace is a bit far from your home. But I’m sure I can get there 30 minutes later.
W：That’s fine.
M：Good. Do you want me to bring something， like a cake or some drinks？
W：No， you don’t have to. But I do want you to play the piano for a while at the party.
M：That’s OK. Oh， I must hang up now. I should get back to work. I have to finish a report today.
W：OK. See you this Friday.
M：See you then.
（Text 10）
W：I didn’t learn English well at school. So after I started working， I went to take an English course in a language learning center. There were fifteen members like me in my class and we had an English lesson from 7：00 p.m. to 9：00 p.m. every Tuesday and Friday. When the teacher entered the classroom， the lesson began. We usually started it by pronouncing different words. Then we were usually invited to the blackboard by the teacher to write down some words. After that we usually talked with each other in English in groups. During the lesson we spoke mostly English， but sometimes when the students didn’t understand the teacher or the task in the textbook， we spoke Chinese， our mother tongue. What I liked best of the English lessons was the happy and friendly environment of the class. The funny jokes were always welcomed. Thanks to my one-year-long study there， I made much progress in English. Now I can speak English well with those I work with.
第二部分　阅读（共两节，满分50分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
　　阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Dance Classes for Kids Near Me
　　Search Dance Class for Kids near me， and Twist N Turns is the best you could get.
What does Dance Class for Kids offer at Twist N Turns？
　　Jazz dance and street dance.
What is the application process？
　　Applications are accepted throughout the year.The course will run for only four terms.To apply one must visit our center and fill in the application form with one passport-size photo， the birth certificate along with the $50 application fee.
What is the course structure？
　　The dance course for kids is for 3.5 to 12 years， divided into three groups：Toddlers （3.5－5 years）， Kids （6－8 years） and Tweens （9－12 years）.
　　For below 5 years， we teach creative movement， which is basically the pre-dance class， a way for children to explore movement through music， develop physical skills， and stimulate imagination.
　　The advanced course includes body awareness， strength， conditioning， space awareness， expressions， and musicality.
　　At the end of the course， all students have to appear for a performance test in the studio， where they have to demonstrate moves.Then， the kids are selected and promoted to improvers or advanced classes， depending on their skill and level of performance.Not all kids make it to the next level.
What are the rules？
　　80％ attendance is required.Students have to come in uniform.Also， refer to Dance Etiquette （礼仪）.
Are certificates provided？
　　The certificate is awarded to students on an internal examination basis conducted after the completion of the course.To attain the certificate one must go to a minimum of 39 classes.
语篇解读：本文是一篇应用文。文章是一则舞蹈课程的招生简章。
21.What should a boy bring to apply for a dance course？（　　）
A.His passport.　　　　 B.His family photo.
C.His application form.　　 D.His birth certificate.
解析：D　细节理解题。根据What is the application process？部分中的第三句可知，如要申请该舞蹈课程，申请者必须去中心填写申请表，并携带一张护照大小的照片、出生证明及50美元的申请费。
22.What do toddlers learn in the dance course？（　　）
A.Creative movement.　　 B.Body awareness.
C.Space awareness.　　 D.Musicality.
解析：A　细节理解题。根据What is the course structure？部分中的Toddlers （3.5－5 years）和For below 5 years， we teach creative movement可知，五岁以下的儿童会学习创意形体。
23.What is required of a student to get a certificate？（　　）
A.Winning an internal award.
B.Attending at least 39 classes.
C.Knowing dance etiquette well.
D.Getting an A on the performance test.
解析：B　细节理解题。根据Are certificates provided？部分中的To attain the certificate one must go to a minimum of 39 classes.可知，如要获得证书，学生必须至少上39节课。
B
　　It’s a little before 8 am when Mathias Schergen pushes open the side door at Chicago’s Jenner Elementary Academy for the Arts.He walks down the hall towards the office to sign in.It’s the same routine he’s had as Jenner’s art teacher for nearly a quarter century.“It’s going to be a good day，” a colleague calls out.“It’s a good day.” They hug.It seems like a typical Friday — except that it’s not.After 23 years at Jenner Elementary，Schergen is retiring.Even on his last day， there are still art projects to finish.
　　Schergen leaves behind a rich legacy at this school.He’s won grants （拨款） for art projects.He turned an empty classroom into a museum.He’s pushed his students to make art about their lives.And he was awarded a Golden Apple — the most honorable teaching award in Chicago.But it wasn’t always easy.For years， Schergen taught in one of the city’s toughest neighbourhoods.“When I first got my room，I noticed there were bullet holes in the window.That made me nervous，” he says.So he stuffed Beanie Babies in the holes to make it “look kind of funny”.“I didn’t even tell my wife for a whole year，” he says.“I didn’t want her to know.”
　　With one hour to go， Schergen piles the chairs and sweeps the floor.He cleans out the sink for the last time.Fifth-grader Deontae Barnes， one of his best helpers， has watched him say goodbye all day.He wanders in the doorway.“Ah， come here， son，” Schergen says， signaling him over.He bends down for a hug.“Thank you for making these last days special and being a help to me.”
　　When Deontae leaves， a reporter asks Schergen，“When your kids ask why you’re retiring， what do you tell them？” “I just tell them that grown people have dreams too，” he says.“I have other things in my life I have to do.It’s time.It’s just time.”
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了一位令人尊敬的小学艺术老师在退休前最后一天仍然尽职尽责的故事。
24.Why is it a special Friday for Schergen？（　　）
A.He was retiring on that day.
B.He won an honor for his school.
C.He was interviewed by a reporter.
D.He received a Golden Apple award.
解析：A　细节理解题。根据第一段倒数第二、三句可知，对Schergen来说这个周五是特别的，因为那天他就要退休了。
25.What does the underlined word “legacy” in Paragraph 2 refer to？（　　）
A.Art projects.
B.Great achievements.
C.Respect from students.
D.Change in teaching.
解析：B　词义猜测题。根据下文Schergen为学校所作出的贡献、给学校带来的荣誉可知，画线词意为“巨大的成就”。
26.What made Schergen nervous when he first got to the school？（　　）
A.Safety concerns in the school.
B.The poorly-equipped classroom.
C.Being misunderstood by his family.
D.Students’ poor academic performance.
解析：A　推理判断题。根据第二段中的“When I first got my room，I noticed there were bullet holes in the window.That made me nervous，” he says.可知，有弹孔的窗户说明学校存在安全问题，因此Schergen第一天到学校时，学校的安全问题让他很紧张。
27.What is the best title for the text？（　　）
A.A Typical Day for an Art Teacher
B.Time for Art Projects
C.A Teacher’s Final Day at School
D.The Last Art Class
解析：C　标题归纳题。根据第一段最后两句以及下文对Schergen职业生涯的回顾以及离开学校前的举动的描述可知，本文主要讲述了一位小学艺术老师退休前最后一天上班的情景。因此C项为本文最佳标题。
C
　　If asked to guess what under-25-year-olds are listening to， it’s unlikely that many of us would suggest orchestral music.And yet a recent survey found that 74％ of UK residents aged under 25 were likely to be tuning in to just that at holiday time， compared with a mere 46％ of people aged 55 or more.This reflects the widespread increase in the popularity of classical music in general， particularly among younger generations.There are plenty of reasons for this， but perhaps high on the list is the global wave of young classical artists who are finding new ways to be seen and heard.Unsurprisingly， social media has played a huge part in this.
　　For French violinist Esther Abrami， the journey to social media arose from a desire to share her passion for music more widely.“I was studying at a top institution and most of the time I was practising for exams， so the whole joy of sharing was taken away.Then， at the very few concerts I did play， there was a very specific type of audience that wasn’t very diverse，” Abrami says.“I was amazed by the reaction I got.It opened this door to a completely new world.”
　　Nigerian-US baritone （男中音） and lifelong hip-hop （嘻哈文化） fan Babatunde Akinboboye enjoyed a similarly rapid and surprising rise to social media fame when he posted a video of himself singing Rossini’s famous aria （咏叹调） “Largo al factotum” over the top of Kendrick Lamar’s song “Humble”.“I was in my car and I realised that the two pieces worked together musically， so I started singing on top of the beat，” he says.Soon after he posted the video， his brand of “hip-hopera” caught the attention of top American shows and Time magazine.
　　Classical music has a long way to go to grow as much as other genres （种类） of music， but it’s moving forward.As Akinboboye mentions，“Opera is definitely becoming a lot more daring， and I hope this continues because I think we can catch up.Classical music needs to be brave， to do the scary thing.And it’ll work out because audiences are ready.”
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了当下英国年轻人对古典音乐的喜爱。
28.What does Paragraph 1 tell us about most young people in the UK？（　　）
A.They like holiday-themed music.
B.They tend to enjoy orchestral music.
C.They think highly of classical artists.
D.They listen to music on social media.
解析：B　细节理解题。根据第一段第二句可知，一项最新调查表明，74％的25岁以下英国居民会在假期收听管弦乐，而55岁及以上的居民中，这一比例仅为46％。由此可知，多数的英国年轻人喜欢管弦乐。
29.Why did Esther Abrami start posting videos on social media？（　　）
A.To advertise her concerts.
B.To reach a wider audience.
C.To relieve her academic pressure.
D.To satisfy her curiosity about social media.
解析：B　细节理解题。根据第二段内容可知，Esther Abrami之所以开启了社交媒体之旅，是因为她想更广泛地分享她对音乐的热爱。在之前参加的几场演奏会上，她只能接触到特定类型的观众，并不多样化。由此可知，她想接触到更广大的观众。
30.What made Babatunde Akinboboye’s video famous？（　　）
A.His beautiful singing voice.
B.His artistic skill in editing videos.
C.His playful mix of hip-hop and opera.
D.His well-designed music performance.
解析：C　推理判断题。根据第三段内容可知，在Babatunde Akinboboye 上传的视频中，他踩着嘻哈歌手Kendrick Lamar 歌曲的节拍，唱起了著名的歌剧Largo al factotum。这个视频让他的“嘻哈歌剧”在社交媒体上迅速蹿红，引起了美国顶级节目和《时代》杂志的关注。由此可知，Babatunde Akinboboye 之所以出名，是因为他将嘻哈和歌剧巧妙地结合在一起。
31.What is Babatunde Akinboboye’s attitude to classical music’s future？（　　）
A.Worried.　　 B.Curious.
C.Uncaring.　　 D.Positive.
解析：D　观点态度题。根据最后一段中的As Akinboboye mentions ...audiences are ready.可知，Babatunde Akinboboye对古典音乐的未来持有积极的态度。
D
　　The Namib Desert， on the Atlantic coast of southwest Africa， is one of the driest places in the world.It is also one of the world’s oldest deserts， having been arid for an estimated 55－80 million years.At first glance， much of the Namib environment appears to consist of a barren moonscape of nothing but sand and rock， but it is home to unique life forms that have adapted to life with little water in fascinating ways.
　　One example is Onymacris unguicularis， commonly known as the fog-basking beetle （雾姥甲虫）.This beetle obtains water from the frequent morning fogs that occur in the region.During a fog， the beetle climbs to the top of a dune， and positions itself facing the wind with its head down and back legs up， as if it is standing on its head.When the fog hits its body， it turns into tiny drops of water which gather and then run down its back to its mouthparts.In this way， the beetle is able to survive in the severe conditions.
　　This isn’t simply of interest to entomologists， however， but also to designers， engineers， and chemists.One group of researchers was inspired to examine the surface of the fog-basking beetle’s rough， dark-coloured back more closely.What they found was a pattern of peaks and troughs （沟槽）， so droplets were caught and built up on the peaks until their weight caused them to fall into the smooth troughs and be channeled quickly down towards the beetle’s mouth.The research group is now working to recreate the effect， which they think will have numerous applications， not only for efficiently extracting water from fog but also in manufacturing.
　　This is only one example of biomimicry — where humans look to nature for a rich source of ideas for technological innovations with the aim of solving complex problems.An early example includes Leonardo da Vinci’s flying machines which were based on careful observations of birds in flight.Today biomimicry is informing design in areas ranging from looking at the feet of frogs to study adhesion （黏着力）， to the structure of butterfly wings is order to develop new pigments （颜料）.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。自然界的生物可以为人类的科技创新带来灵感。
32.What does the underlined word “arid” in Paragraph 1 mean？（　　）
A.Quite empty.　　 B.Very flat.
C.Quite amazing.　　 D.Very dry.
解析：D　词义猜测题。根据画线词前的It is also one of the world’s oldest deserts可知，画线词的意思是“非常干的”。
33.What does Paragraph 2 mainly say about the fog-basking beetle？（　　）
A.How it absorbs nutrients from sand.
B.How it stands out in the desert.
C.How it gets water in the desert.
D.How it deals with a foggy day.
解析：C　段落大意题。根据第二段内容可知，第二段主要介绍了雾姥甲虫是如何在沙漠中获取水分，从而得以存活的。
34.Why did the researchers study the fog-basking beetle？（　　）
A.To improve its habitat.
B.To expand research field.
C.To find inspiration for something useful.
D.To reduce its influence on other species.
解析：C　细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句可知，研究者们为了寻找灵感，所以研究雾姥甲虫。
35.What does the author want to convey by mentioning different animals in the last paragraph？（　　）
A.Humans can learn from the natural world.
B.The Namib Desert needs urgent protection.
C.Technological innovation needs sharp observation.
D.There’s a link between biodiversity and advanced technology.
解析：A　推理判断题。最后一段首句起承上启下的作用，是对后面内容的总述。因此，作者提到多种动物是为了说明人类可以向自然界学习。
第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）
　　阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
　　Every plant has a place in the ecosystem.Rare plants support insects that need them to survive.They contribute to global biodiversity that is the cornerstone of resilience （恢复力）.
　　If you care about rare plants， you should first learn about the rare plants that may be found on your property.36.（　　） Both Pennsylvania and Delaware have excellent online resources about rare plants.The Pennsylvania Natural Heritage Program （PNHP） has a database that lists rare plants by county.The University of Delaware Water Resources Center has a database of all plants.Both resources provide factsheets with images and habitat descriptions.
　　37.（　　） PNHP has an interactive map showing Natural Heritage Areas in every county， some of which are open to the public.Delaware’s vegetation maps of plant communities in state parks list rare plants.
　　If you find a rare plant on your property， you may report its location to the state natural heritage program.Sharing this information enables conservationists to track the health and number of rare species.Reporting a rare plant does not put any extra responsibility on you.38.（　　）
　　The best thing to do for your rare plant is to protect it， based on the conservation concerns your plant faces in its habitat.39.（　　） Remove harmful plants that could threaten the population or change the habitat.If your plant depends on habitat such as woods or wetlands， protecting it means protecting the habitat from being changed.
　　40.（　　） These activities are not only entertaining but also helpful in preserving something precious.
A.A plant is a gift of nature.
B.Fence it to protect it from plant-eating animals.
C.Often， rare plants are restricted to special soil types.
D.However， it may affect permit conditions for changes in the habitat.
E.You don’t have to be a trained botanist to recognize many rare species.
F.And take photos， make paintings， write poems ...to celebrate your plant.
G.Another way to learn about rare plants is to visit a public site with rare plants.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了保护稀有植物的方法。
36.E　上文提到你应该先了解稀有植物，下文介绍了两个提供稀有植物知识的平台，故E项（你不必是一个训练有素的植物学家也能识别许多稀有物种）承上启下，符合语境。
37.G　下文介绍了可以使用的两种地图，G项（了解稀有植物的另一种方式是去参观种有稀有植物的公共场所）符合语境。G项中的Another与上一段中的first构成顺承关系。
38.D　上文提到发现稀有植物后可以上报给相关部门，这不会产生任何附带的责任。D项（但是，这可能会影响与栖息地改变相关的许可条款）与上句构成转折关系，其中的it指代上句中的Reporting a rare plant。
39.B　上文提到应该针对某种稀有植物面临的问题来采取保护措施。下文具体列举了保护稀有植物的方法，故B项（把它围起来，保护它不受食草动物的伤害）符合语境，其中的it指代上句中的your rare plant。
40.F　根据下句中的These activities可知，设空处应该提到一些活动，故F项（拍照、作画、写诗等来赞美你的植物）符合语境。
第三部分　语言运用（共两节，满分30分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
　　阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
　　“Look， Mom！ Everything is ninety per cent off！”I exclaimed （惊呼）， 　41　 a giant sign across the mall.“Let’s take a 　42　，” Mom said.Once inside， we went directly to the racks （架子） of clothes.
　　“These shirts are only two dollars！” I exclaimed.I started 　43　 as many shirts as I could.
　　“Try them on，” Mom said.“They are so 　44　.”
　　Even though I didn’t need them， I carried them into the fitting room.I had taken whatever was 　45　 and the small changing room was full of clothes.As I 　46　 in a colourful mountain of shirts， I realized I did not have enough 　47　 to store them all.Did I really 　48　 these？
　　I started 　49　 all the children who never got new clothes.My mom made sure to mail boxes of clothes to the orphans in Romania every year.Each summer， my mom and I dedicated a day to 　50　 some clothing to 　51　.
　　As I stood among the piles of clothes， I turned to Mom as she neatly folded the shirts I set aside to purchase.“I’m not going to 　52　 these，” I said.
　　“Which ones did you decide not to buy？” Mom asked.
　　“I 　53　 all of them.　54　， I don’t need anything.I need to go home and clean out my closet （壁橱）.” I don’t 　55　 any of Romanian orphans， but I know I would give them the shirt off my back （全部家当）.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。在一次抢购打折衣服的过程中，“我”想到了那些从来没有新衣服穿的孤儿。因此，“我”决定不再购买那些非必须购买的衣物。
41.A.wishing for　　 B.checking out
C.pointing to 　　 D.showing off
解析：C　根据a giant sign across the mall可知，“我”指着横跨商场的巨大标识。
42.A.risk　　 B.test
C.rest　　 D.look
解析：D　根据下文的Once inside， we went directly to the racks （架子） of clothes.可知，妈妈说要进去看一看。
43.A.imagining 　　 B.grabbing
C.advertising　　 D.making
解析：B　根据上文的These shirts are only two dollars！可知，“我”看见衬衣就拿。妈妈也觉得衣服很便宜，让“我”试穿。
44.A.traditional 　　 B.tight
C.cheap　　 D.natural
解析：C　参见上题解析。
45.A.within reach　　 B.in order
C.under control　　 D.in preparation
解析：A　根据语境可知，“我”拿了所有触手可及的衬衣。
46.A.appeared 　　 B.suffered
C.slept　　 D.stood
解析：D　此刻的试衣间里堆满了衣服，“我”站在堆积如山的衬衣中。
47.A.patience　　 B.time
C.money　　 D.room
解析：D　根据to store them all 可知，“我”突然意识到“我”并没有足够的空间来放置它们。
48.A.remember　　 B.need
C.finish　　 D.create
解析：B　此处作者反问自己：“我”真的需要这些衣服吗？
49.A.thinking about　　 B.playing with
C.hearing from　　 D.approving of
解析：A　根据all the children who never got new clothes可知，“我”想起了那些从来没有新衣服穿的孩子。
50.A.adapting　　 B.removing
C.replacing　　 D.choosing
解析：D　根据上文mail boxes of clothes to ...Romania可知，每年夏天，“我”和妈妈都会花一天的时间筛选出可以分享的衣服，邮寄给罗马尼亚的孤儿们。
51.A.sell　　 B.sew
C.share　　 D.design
解析：C　参见上题解析。
52.A.mix　　 B.complete
C.bear　　 D.buy
解析：D　根据下文的Which ones did you decide not to buy？可知，“我”告诉妈妈“我”不买这些衣服了。
53.A.count 　　 B.want
C.discover　　 D.compare
解析：B　根据I don’t need anything可知，“我”想要这些衣服，但“我”并不需要它们。
54.A.Therefore　　 B.Besides
C.Otherwise　　 D.However
解析：D　参见上题解析。
55.A.invite　　 B.know
C.forgive　　 D.guide
解析：B　根据语境可知，“我”并不认识任何一个罗马尼亚的孤儿，但“我”知道“我”一定会倾囊相助的。
第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
　　阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
　　ISFJ is one of the 16 personality types identified on the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator （MBTI）， one of the most 56.　　　　　　 （wide） used personality tests today.Based on the theories of psychoanalyst Carl Jung， the MBTI 57.　　　　　　 （develop） in the 1940s by Katharine Cook Briggs and her daughter， Isabel Briggs Myers.ISFJ， also 58.　　　　　　 （know） as “The Defender”， stands for Introverted （内向的）， Sensing， Feeling， and Judging.
　　People 59.　　　　　　 have ISFJ personalities tend to be warm-hearted， 60.　　　　　 （efficiency） and responsible， giving careful attention to practical details in their daily lives.Defenders can be counted on to meet 61.　　　　　　 （deadline）， remember birthdays and special occasions， uphold traditions， and shower their loved ones 62.　　　　　　 gesture （表示） of care and support. But they rarely demand recognition for all that they do， 63.　　　　　　 （prefer） instead to operate behind the scenes.
　　Although they’re introverted， Defenders have a deeply social nature. Thanks to their ability 64.　　　　　　 （remember） the details of other people’s lives， Defenders have a special talent for making their friends and acquaintances （熟人） feel seen， known， and treasured.65.　　　　　　 may not be easy for Defenders to show up for themselves in the way that they show up for other people， but when they do， they often find themselves with even more energy and motivation to do good in the world.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了在迈尔斯-布里格斯性格分类法中责任心最强的一种性格：ISFJ。
56.widely　考查词形转换。设空处在句中作状语，修饰used，应用副词，故填widely。
57.was developed　考查动词的时态语态和主谓一致。the MBTI与develop之间为被动关系，且根据设空处后的in the 1940s可知，设空处应用一般过去时，故填was developed。
58.known　考查非谓语动词。设空处作后置定语修饰ISFJ，又因为know与ISFJ之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，故填known。
59.who/that　考查定语从句。设空处引导限制性定语从句，指代先行词People，且在从句中作主语，故填who/that。
60.efficient　考查词形转换。设空处在句中作表语，表示“效率高的”，故填形容词efficient。
61.deadlines　考查名词复数。deadline为可数名词，意为“最后期限，截止日期”，在此表泛指，且前面无冠词，故填其复数形式deadlines。
62.with　考查固定搭配。shower sb with sth 为固定搭配，意为“大量的某物给某人”。
63.preferring　考查非谓语动词。设空处作状语，且they与prefer之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，故填preferring。
64.to remember　考查非谓语动词。ability后常接动词不定式作后置定语，表示“做某事的能力”，故填to remember。
65.It　考查it的用法。设空处作形式主语，句子的真正主语是to show up for ...other people，故填It。
第四部分　写作（共两节，满分40分）
第一节（满分15分）
　　某英文报社正在组织中学生英语作文比赛，请你以A Lesson of Responsibility为题写一篇短文参赛，内容包括：
　　1.你对责任感的认识；
　　2.关于责任感的故事；
　　3.你的感想。
注意：1.写作词数应为80左右；
2.请按如下格式作答。
A Lesson of Responsibility
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
参考范文：
A Lesson of Responsibility
　　Responsibility is one of the most important virtues a person is supposed to have.
　　Once， my deskmate fell ill.He was afraid of falling behind others.Thinking of giving him a hand as my responsibility，I helped him with his lessons after class.With my help， he eventually caught up with us.Both of us felt so delighted.It was my responsibility to help others and his hard work also helped him out.
　　This experience always gives me an important lesson in life：we should be responsible for what we do.Responsibility makes a full man.
第二节（满分25分）
　　阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
　　If you were to ask me about my relationship with my dad， I would roll my eyes （翻白眼） and brush it off.I would avoid the topic altogether because it hurt to answer we didn’t get along.I saw everything as his fault.I disliked him more than anyone else.It made me angry because I never saw him dancing with me or never saw us even being able to eat a meal together.I was ready to leave for college just to get some space.
　　One of the biggest issues we had was surrounding my mental health.I was his baby doll when I was little but all that changed when I started having severe panic attacks （恐慌症）.I had struggled with anxiety since primary school.It hurt every time he destroyed my mental state and turned his back on the problems going on in my head.Things out of my control would start happening and he didn’t understand.I didn’t think he tried to， either.College was no better.If anything， it got worse.I didn’t want to keep the cycle going with him， so I never talked to him.I can remember only calling him a handful of times in my first three semesters away， a lot of which ended in arguments.
　　When his best friend got sick， a lot changed for us.This friend was leaving behind a family， and I pictured myself in a situation like that.It broke my heart that my dad and I had been so distant for so long and all I wanted to do was fly home and be in his company.This scared us both because we needed to change our relationship right then and there.
　　Then our phone calls became more regular.We talked and decided to call each other at least once a week， even if it was just for a few minutes.I looked forward to our little chats.I started to talk to my dad about anything and everything and he was able to bring me back to reality regularly.
　　I was always so angry with him for not understanding me， but then again， I never took the time to explain myself and he never got the opportunity to listen.We got so far apart from each other that it became normal.But we were both to blame.
注意：1.续写词数应为150左右；
2.请按如下格式作答。
　　College was the best thing that could have happened to our relationship.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　Now， I can picture family holidays where I don’t end up crying in my room.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
参考范文：
　　College was the best thing that could have happened to our relationship.We both got the time we needed to be ourselves， so we could both grow as people and come to terms with each other.All of our interactions， phone calls， and visits are much more positive.I didn’t take time to appreciate the work he put on for the family and the effort he really tried to put in for me.We understand each other so much better now， can communicate better now， and get along better now.
　　Now， I can picture family holidays where I don’t end up crying in my room.I can picture the father-daughter dance at my wedding.I can picture us being able to go on lunch dates and games， and drives down the road ending with both of us being happy.The exciting part is that I no longer have to picture many of these things； we get to do them now.Dad， I appreciate the effort you continuously put in.I admire everything you have done to change and thank you for being my biggest supporter.
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