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专题一 名词、动词、形容词、副词、代词、连词、介词和冠词
1．the 解析：考查冠词。这里单数名词size前需要冠词，构成倍数表达法“倍数＋the size of＋名词”表示“……的大小的几倍大”。
2．and 解析：考查连词。通过句子结构中的“protecting..., preserving..., protecting..., ________ leaving”可以看出，这里需要并列连词来连接多个并列成分。
3．populations 解析：考查名词复数。population在这里表示“种群”，是可数名词，由空前的separate可知应填名词复数populations。
eventually 解析：考查副词。该空修饰动词achieve，应填所给词的副词形式eventually。
4．as 解析：考查介词。动词短语serve as在此处表示“起作用，产生效果”。
5．by 解析：考查介词。此处从句中谓语动词的被动语态结构为was named by...“由……命名”。
6．the 解析：考查冠词。此处指上文提到过的“the first International Tea Day”，故用定冠词“the”表示特指。
7．largest 解析：考查形容词的最高级。“tea producing country”前应用形容词修饰，提示词为形容词，且空前有定冠词“the”，再结合常识可知，应用形容词的最高级。
responsibility 解析：考查名词。根据空前的不定冠词“a”可知，此处填名词“responsibility”。
shared 解析：考查形容词。根据空前的“a”和空后的名词“future”可知，此处应用形容词，share与future为逻辑上的动宾关系，故用过去分词形式的形容词shared“共同的”。
8．and 解析：考查连词。根据句意可知，此处意为“促进国际合作与文化交流”，故应用and。
9．its 解析：考查代词。“first exhibition”前应用所给词的形容词性物主代词形式its。
10．greatly→great 解析：考查形容词。根据前面的a和后面的名词exercise可知，应用形容词。故将greatly改为great。
11．在because后加of 解析：考查介词。because后接句子，because of后加名词、代词等，故在because后加of。
12．they→you 解析：考查代词。根据上下文语境可知，此处表示“你不用汽油，你就不会制造二氧化碳”，故将they改为you。
13．bicycle→bicycles 解析：考查名词。bicycle为可数名词，其前无限定词，应用复数形式，故将bicycle改为bicycles。
14．A 解析：考查冠词。根据语境可知，此处表泛指，且friend的发音以辅音音素开头，应用不定冠词a。空处位于句首，注意要大写。
15．protection 解析：考查词形转换。根据空前的形容词environmental可知，空处应用名词。
16．meaningful 解析：考查词形转换。结合句意“这将使他的徒步旅行更有意义”可知，空处应用形容词。
17．highest 解析：考查形容词最高级。根据常识可知，乞力马扎罗山是非洲最高的山脉。
18．from 解析：考查介词。此处考查固定表达“from...to...”，意为“从……到……”。
19．删除my 解析：考查固定用法。off school是固定表达，意为“不上学”，故删除my。
20．closely→close 解析：考查形容词。felt为系动词，系动词后应用形容词，故将closely改为close。
21．what→how 解析：考查副词。此处表示“如何解决”，应用how，故将what改为how。
22．or→and 解析：考查连词。此处为顺承关系，应用and，故将or改为and。
23．all→both 解析：考查代词。根据上下文语境可知，此处指“父子二人”，应用both，故将all改为both。
24．roughly 解析：考查副词。此处表示大约200位学者，空处应用所给词的副词形式作状语。
25．the 解析：考查冠词。约四分之三的情况下，他们(会议组织者)同意了。此处特指上文提到的科布询问邀请她发言的会议组织者是否可以远程发言这种情况，应用定冠词。
26．invitation 解析：考查名词。空处作declined的宾语，应用所给词的名词形式。
专题二 动词的时态和语态及非谓语动词
1．Covering 解析：考查非谓语动词。该句谓语部分为will be，故此处应该用非谓语动词作状语；cover与句子主语是逻辑上的主谓关系，所以用现在分词形式作伴随状语。
2．were 解析：考查时态和主谓一致。本空所在定语从句的主语，即关系代词that，指代前面的a significant number of areas，这个短语作主语时，谓语动词的数应该与复数名词areas保持一致；空后的previously unprotected表明这个定语从句叙述的是过去发生的事。
to increase 解析：考查非谓语动词。根据语境可知，此处在句中作目的状语，表示“以便提高管理的有效性并降低不一致性”。
3．is designed 解析：考查时态、语态和主谓一致。GPNP作主语，谓语动词用单数形式；大熊猫国家公园与design之间是被动关系，应用被动语态；结合语境可知此处叙述的是现在的客观情况，用一般现在时。
4．addressed 解析：考查谓语动词的时态和语态。根据上文中的“took place”可知，时态应一致；address“对……发表演说”与主语“chairman”构成主动关系。
5．To strengthen 解析：考查非谓语动词。根据句意并分析句子结构可知，空处应用不定式表示目的。
inviting 解析：考查非谓语动词。本句已有谓语动词“included”，提示词与“the event”之间为逻辑上的主谓关系，故空处用提示词“invite”的现在分词形式作状语。
6．lives→live 解析：考查主谓一致。定语从句中who指代先行词people，为复数概念，谓语动词也应用复数，故将lives改为live。
7．cause→causing 解析：考查动词的时态。and连接并列谓语动词，其前为现在进行时，其后也应用现在进行时，与producing并列，故将cause改为causing。
8．删除been 解析：考查动词的时态和语态。此句中cars与take over之间为主动关系，不应用被动语态，故删除been。
9．were→are 解析：考查动词的时态。此句应与文章基本时态保持一致，应用一般现在时，故将were改为are。
10．to journey 解析：考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，本句的谓语动词是hiked，空处应是非谓语动词。名词step前面有序数词first修饰，因此空处应用动词不定式作后置定语。
11．held 解析：考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，本句的谓语动词是decided，空处应是非谓语动词，且与被修饰词the Belt and Road Forum for Intemational Cooperation之间构成动宾关系。
12．has walked 解析：考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知，walk在句中作谓语。结合时间状语In the last five years可知，时态为现在完成时；walk与主语Cao之间为主动关系；主语Cao为第三人称单数，谓语动词也应用第三人称单数。
13．planning 解析：考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，本句的谓语动词是flew，空处应是非谓语动词，与其逻辑主语He之间构成主谓关系。
14．was→were 解析：考查主谓一致。从句中主语为instruments，为复数形式，谓语动词也应用复数，故将was改为were。
15．become→became 解析：考查动词的时态。根据时间状语“after I went to high school”可知是陈述过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时，故将become改为became。
16．在unwilling后加to 解析：考查非谓语动词。be unwilling to do sth.为固定用法，意为“不乐意做某事”，故在unwilling后加to。
stay→staying 解析：考查非谓语动词。of为介词，其后应用名词或动词－ing形式，故将stay改为staying。
17．is viewed/has been viewed 解析：考查时态、语态和主谓一致。空处为句子的谓语部分，句子主语为v. ing结构“Travelling to...and the like”，表示单数概念，与view为被动关系；再结合语境可知，此处可表示现在的情况或已经发生过的对现在造成影响的动作，应用is viewed/has been viewed。
18．are 解析：考查时态和主谓一致。根据语境和空后的“now questioning”可知，空处所在句的时态为现在进行时，且主语表示复数意义，应用are。question在此处为动词，表示“表示疑问，怀疑”。
changing 解析：考查非谓语动词。空处与上文的pushing并列作状语，又因change与句子主语Cobb and others为逻辑上的主谓关系，应用现在分词形式。
19．have promised 解析：考查时态和主谓一致。根据时间状语“since the effort started two years ago”可知，此处应用现在完成时；又主语为复数意义，助动词应用复数形式。
20．to continue 解析：考查非谓语动词。plan to do sth.意为“计划做某事”，为固定搭配。
专题三 状语从句、定语从句和名词性从句
1．that 解析：考查定语从句。先行词“the species”指物，并且其前有all修饰，故此处应用关系代词that。
2．Whether→If/When 解析：考查状语从句。分析句子结构可知，前半句为条件状语或时间状语从句均可，whether不能引导条件状语从句，故将Whether改为If或When。
3．what→which 解析：考查定语从句。后半句为非限制性定语从句，关系词在从句中作主语，指代前面整个句子，应用which引导，故将what改为which。
4．who 解析：考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词指人，关系词在从句中充当主语，应用who。
5．too→so 解析：考查状语从句。so...that...结构，意为“如此……以至于……”，引导结果状语从句，故将too改为so。
6．who/that 解析：考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，且在从句中作主语，先行词为指代人的a small but growing minority of academics，应用who/that。
7．whether/if 解析：考查宾语从句。就科布而言，她开始询问邀请她发言的会议组织者她是否可以远程发言。空处引导宾语从句，表示“是否”，应用whether/if。
专题四 阅读理解——应用文
一、
语篇类型：应用文 主题语境：人与自我——学校生活——评分原则
【解题导语】 本文介绍了文学入门这门课程的评分原则。
21．C 解析：推理判断题。浏览全文可知，本文介绍了《文学入门》这门课程的评分原则，由此可推知，本文可能节选自一个课程计划。
22．B 解析：细节理解题。根据文中的“Essays(60%)” “Group Assignments(30%)”“Daily Work/In Class Writings and Tests/Group Work/Homework (10%)”可知，学生的期末成绩由三部分组成。
23．A 解析：细节理解题。根据最后一部分中的“If it is not turned in by the 4th day after the due date, it will earn a zero.”可知，如果你在截止日期过后一周才上交，你的成绩将会是零分。
二、
语篇类型：新闻报道 主题语境：人与社会——公益事业——让养老院的老人养鸡
【解题导语】 养老院通过让老人养鸡来使他们减少孤独感，改善健康状况。
28．D 解析：写作意图题。根据第二段的内容可知，该项目由当地一家慈善机构构想，旨在减少老人的孤独感，提高其幸福感。
29．B 解析：细节理解题。根据第五段露丝·泽维尔说的对这个项目的感受“我很享受这些有创意的活动，做一些有用的事情的感觉很好”可知，她从这个项目中获得了成就感。
30．C 解析：词义猜测题。根据第七段温迪·威尔逊的话“居民们非常欢迎这个项目和创意会议的想法。我们期待这个项目能给这里的人们带来好处和乐趣”并结合画线部分可推知，画线部分所在句的意思是“第一批开始这个项目的组织之一”，因此画线部分的意思为“开始”。
31．A 解析：推理判断题。最后两段讲述了一些组织参与到这个项目的感受。根据温迪·威尔逊和林恩·刘易斯两位负责人说的话可知，这个项目得到了好评。
三、
语篇类型：应用文 主题语境：人与社会——文学、艺术与体育——艺术展及相关活动情况
21．B 解析：细节理解题。根据表格中的“Raeburn's English Contemporaries Thursday 30 Oct., 13.10”可知，这个讲座的时间是10月30日周四。
22．B 解析：数字计算题。根据Admission下面的内容可知，门票是4英镑，12岁以下的孩子由一位成人陪同的话可以免门票。因此，一对夫妇带两个12岁以下的孩子应支付8英镑。
23．C 解析：推理判断题。根据Schools and Colleges部分“A special low entrance...in organised groups with teachers”可知，全日制学生享受群体优惠价需要老师带队。
四、
语篇类型：书评 主题语境：人与社会——文学——书评
【解题导语】 本文介绍了多萝西·威肯登写的一部书的主要内容：两个富裕家庭长大的女孩子去落基山脉的一个村落当老师，他们住在当地人的家里，和他们一样过着艰辛的生活。
24．A 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的“In 1916, two girls of wealthy families...traveled to a settlement in the Rocky Mountains to teach in a one room schoolhouse.”可知，多萝西和罗莎蒙德去落基山脉是为了到一所学校教学。
25．D 解析：推理判断题。根据第三段内容可知，她们和当地的一户人家一起生活，和他们一样，几乎没有隐私，很少洗澡，早上醒来的时候，被子上都是雪。有时候她们早上到学校后，发现孩子们冻得直哭。春天，雪又被泥取代。由此可推知，她们在那里受了很多苦。
26．C 解析：细节理解题。根据第四段中的“A hair raising section concerns the building of the railroads...often in blinding snowstorms.”可知，书中描述的惊险的部分应是在落基山脉修建铁路的过程。
27．B 解析：推理判断题。根据第四段中的“In Wickenden's book, she expanded”和“The book ends with Rosamond and Dorothy's return to Auburn.”以及最后一段中的“Wickenden is a very good storyteller.”可知，本文是一篇书评，介绍了一本名为Nothing Daunted: The Unexpected Education of Two Society Girls in the West的书。
五、
语篇类型：应用文 主题语境：人与社会——艺术——剧院及娱乐
【解题导语】 本文是对英国加的夫市四家艺术剧院的介绍。
21．D 解析：细节理解题。根据St David's Hall部分中的“With an impressive 2，000 seat concert hall, St David's Hall is home tothe annual Welsh Proms Cardiff.”可知答案。
22．B 解析：细节理解题。根据The Glee Club部分中的“comedy club”“If you are looking for the best comedies”可知，人们在这里可以欣赏到喜剧。
23．A 解析：细节理解题。根据New Theatre部分中的“Presenting the best of the West End...Cardiffs oldest surviving traditional theatre.”可知网站为www.newtheatrecardiff.co.uk。
六、
语篇类型：书评 主题语境：人与社会——书评——莫里·克莱因的书中描述了蒸汽和电力变革
【解题导语】 美国凭借其技术崛起，而长期以来这种技术的基础一直是电力。通过提供远程通信和能源，电力创造了现代世界。电气时代仅仅是一个世纪前开始的蒸汽时代的第二个阶段。莫里·克莱因在他的书中描述了有关电气和蒸汽的变革。
24．A 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中克莱因的话“It is curious...revolutions”可知，克莱因认为没有人把蒸汽革命和电力革命的历史联系在一起是很奇怪的，由此可知，他认为电气时代和蒸汽时代是密切相关的。
25．D 解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Klein creates the character of Ned...electric revolutions in America during one man's lifetime”可知，内德在他的一生中见证了蒸汽和电力革命给美国带来的进步；再结合第三段和第四段的内容可知，克莱因在书中描绘了18世纪末期和19世纪蒸汽和电力的发展。由此可推知，内德主要生活在19世纪。
26．B 解析：推理判断题。文章首段通过电力和蒸汽引出莫里·克莱因的书，接下来对该书内容进行了介绍；最后一段提到为了构建他的故事，克莱因创造了内德这个虚构的角色，后者在他的一生中见证了美国蒸汽和电力革命带来的进步，这是一种有助于将长篇故事变得有趣的技巧。由此可推知，本文是一篇书评。
专题五 阅读理解——说明文
一、
语篇类型：说明文 主题语境：人与社会——科学研究——语音演变
【解题导语】 本文介绍人类语音的演变与人类的饮食变化之间的关联研究。
32．D 解析：推理判断题。通读全文尤其是最后一段内容可知，达米安·布拉西的研究集中在语音的发展。
33．C 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段的内容可知，他们发现古代成人的上下门牙是对齐的，很难产生唇齿音，而唇齿音由下唇接触上牙产生。之后，我们下巴的结构变成了覆咬合结构，这让我们更容易产生这样的声音。由此可推知，他们的下巴构造使他们很难发出唇齿音。
34．A 解析：段落大意题。根据第五段内容可知，对语言数据库的分析也证实，新石器时代之后，国际语言的发音发生了全球性的变化。第五段列出了一些可以使研究结果更令人信服的证据。
35．C 解析：观点态度题。史蒂文·莫兰认为：自从人类出现以来，我们使用的语音不一定保持稳定，今天我们发现的各种语音都是像生物变化和文化进化等事物相互作用的产物。由此可推知，它是一个复杂的动态系统。
二、
语篇类型：说明文 主题语境：人与社会——科学与技术——无人机在铁路运营中的应用
【解题导语】 无人机在保证铁路安全可靠的同时，还能帮助铁路运营商每年节省数十亿欧元。
28．A 解析：细节理解题。题干问什么使无人机在铁路线路中的应用成为可能。根据文章第二段中的“Drones are already being used to examine...other vital aspects of rail infrastructure”可知，无人机现在已经用来检测高压电力线路，它们可以做同样的事情来检查铁路线路以及铁路基础设施的其他重要方面。
29．C 解析：词义猜测题。题干问“maintenance”是什么意思。根据画线词出现的语境“节省________费用”以及下文“It is calculated that European railways alone spend...to inspect and repair the rail infrastructure.”可知，铁路“maintenance”包括检查和修复铁路基础设施。
30．A 解析：细节理解题。根据文章最后一段中的“With their ability to see ahead, they could signal any problem, so that fast moving trains would be able to react in time.”可知，期待铁路无人机具有的功能是提前发现问题，并给列车发出警告。
31．D 解析：标题归纳题。第一段是导入，综述无人机在铁路运营方面的应用前景；第二段主要讲述无人机在铁路运营中的部分功能和作用；第三段主要讲了无人机在降低铁路维护成本和维护铁路职员人身安全方面的作用；第四段讲无人机还能为铁路运营做的事情。由此可知本篇文章主要讲的是无人机将如何改变铁路的未来。
三、
语篇类型：说明文 主题语境：人与社会——健康——英国通过征收软饮料含糖税来降低儿童肥胖率
【解题导语】 本文介绍了英国政府通过对部分软饮料征收含糖税来降低儿童肥胖率，并直接将税收用于改进学校体育设施和保证更健康的饮食。
32．C 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“First announced in April, 2016, the tax...help reduce childhood obesity.”可知，征收含糖税是为了保护孩子的健康。
33．D 解析：细节理解题。根据第四段中的“It comes after more than half of soft drinks...avoid paying the tax.”可知，一些饮料制造商为避税，降低了所生产饮料的含糖量。
34．D 解析：推理判断题。根据第五段中的“However, some high sugar brands, like Classic Coca Cola”以及“Fruit juices, milk based drinks and most alcoholic drinks are free of the tax”可知，果汁饮料、奶制品饮料、大部分含酒精饮料是免征含糖税的，而可口可乐公司是一些高含糖量饮料的生产商，由此推断出Classic Coke是需要缴税的。
35．B 解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段首句可推知，含糖税的征收是一个成功的案例。
四、
语篇类型：说明文 主题语境：人与自然——动物研究——凤头鹦鹉识别物体形状
【解题导语】 实验表明，一种生长于澳大拉西亚的凤头鹦鹉擅长识别物体的形状。
24．B 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Though not knownto use tools in the wild, the birds have proved skilful at tool use”可知，实验中凤头鹦鹉通过使用工具拿到了盒子里的果仁。
25．C 解析：推理判断题。根据第二段中的“In humans, babies can put around shape in a round hole from around one year of age”可知，在大约一岁时，婴儿就能将圆形物体放入圆孔中。
26．D 解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段信息可知，研究人员下一步将查明凤头鹦鹉是否完全依靠视觉线索还是也需要使用触觉来对物体的形状作出选择。
27．D 解析：标题归纳题。通读全文，尤其是根据第一段中的“Goffin's cockatoos...have similar shape recognitionabilities to a human two year old.”可知，文章主要介绍了凤头鹦鹉出色的形状识别能力。
五、
语篇类型：说明文 主题语境：人与社会——科学精神——一项持续数十年的科学研究的成果和局限
【解题导语】 一项新的研究表明，保持身体健康的中年女性晚年患失智症的可能性能够降低将近90%。
27．A 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的“The benefits of regular exercise...the ever growing list.”可知，定期锻炼的好处在不断增加。
28．B 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“191 women with an average age of 50...measure their peak cardiovascular capacity”可知，研究者们要求女士们完成骑自行车测试是为了评估她们的心血管容量。
29．B 解析：推理判断题。根据第五段中的“These women were then tested...the following four decades.”和下文中的“44 of the women developed dementia” “Five percent of the highly fit women developed dementia” “25 percent of the women... with low fitness”等内容可知，研究者们在进行了长达40年的跟踪测试后得到了研究数据。由此可推知，该研究的数据收集过程很长。
30．C 解析：标题归纳题。通读全文，尤其是根据第一段中的“New research found that middle aged women who were physically fit...a decade later than less sporty women.”可知，文章主要介绍了一项新的研究，该研究表明保持身体健康的中年女性晚年患失智症的可能性能够降低将近90%。故C项能概括文章大意，适合作最佳标题。
专题六 阅读理解——记叙文、议论文
记叙文
一、
语篇类型：记叙文 主题语境：人与自我——生活——南极洲之旅
【解题导语】 本文讲述了金尼·巴兹林顿难忘的南极洲之旅。
28．A 解析：词义猜测题。根据第二段中的“Ever since herchildhood, Ginni, now 71, has had a deep love for travel.”可知，金尼从小就喜欢旅行；再根据画线词所在句可知，当金尼退休，儿子们离家独立后，她决定冒险尝试，踏上旅途了。
29．C 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“it was in Chile shediscovered she could get last minute cheap deals on ships goingto Antarctica”可知，金尼发现她可以赶上驶往南极洲的最后一刻的低价船票。
30．C 解析：观点态度题。根据文章最后一段可知，南极洲之旅后，金尼意识到了那是一片净土，应该受到人类的尊重和保护，这让她深受触动。
31．B 解析：主旨大意题。文章提及金尼喜欢旅行，着重介绍了金尼难忘的南极洲奇遇。B项准确概括了文章主旨。
二、
语篇类型：记叙文 主题语境：人与自我——职业生涯规划——梅瑞贝思失业后成为宠物运送员
【解题导语】 梅瑞贝思的新工作——宠物递送服务——不仅满足了她想要四处旅游的愿望，还为她带来了可观的收入。
21．D 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的“The firm went broke and left her looking for a new job.”可知，她换工作是因为她原来工作的公司倒闭了。
22．D 解析：词义猜测题。根据画线词前的“pet delivery service satisfies her”及画线词后的“It has taken her to every state in the US...Oregon”可以推知，画线词的含义与去不同的地方的欲望有关。
23．C 解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“It's a call she must handle alone”及“I've always been independent spirited”可知，梅瑞贝思一直都是靠自己。
议论文
一、
语篇类型：议论文 主题语境：人与自然——保护环境——不要浪费食物
【解题导语】 在每年有近8亿人挨饿的世界上，“食物浪费违背了道德准则”。令人瞠目结舌的是，很多食物被扔掉了——从“丑陋”(但还可以吃)的蔬菜被杂货店拒绝，到大量没吃完的菜被扔进餐馆的垃圾桶。作者用种种事例呼吁人们不要浪费食物。
24．B 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段的最后一句可知，更糟糕的是，作者不假思索地买了太多东西；作者本可以用扔掉的东西做六份沙拉。由此可知，我们有时会无意中浪费食物。
25．B 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段第一句可知，生产没人吃的食物会浪费种植食物所消耗的水、燃料和其他资源，这使得食物浪费成为一个环境问题。由此可知，食物浪费的一个后果是环境危害。
26．D 解析：推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Curtin is CEO...rotted in fields.”可知，该公司回收食物并将其转变为健康食品。它通过接受捐赠和收集有瑕疵的农产品，回收了超过807 500磅的食物，否则这些农产品会在地里腐烂。由此可推知，柯廷的公司把一些人们不需要的东西变成可以吃的健康食物。
27．A 解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段中柯廷说的话可推知，柯廷建议人们只购买所需要的以减少食物浪费。
二、
语篇类型：议论文 主题语境：人与社会——文化与发展——城市发展不可抛弃传统
【解题导语】 澳大利亚城市悉尼在发展过程中丢弃了很多传统，但作者认为城市发展不应丢弃传统，新旧交融自有其魅力。
32．C 解析：段落大意题。根据第一段中的“a significant thing happened in Sydney...But it is the harbor that makes the city.”可知，本段主要介绍了悉尼发展过程中的关键。
33．D 解析：推理判断题。根据第三段中的“I'll miss these old boats”和第五段中的“Catamarans are faster...they're not fun to pilot.”可以推断，安德鲁·雷诺兹很喜欢这些旧渡船。
34．A 解析：推理判断题。根据第六段中的“Sydney swept aside much ofits past...its finest buildings”“Sydney is confused about itself”以及“We can't seem to make up our minds whether we want a modem oity or a traditional one.”可以看出，安德鲁·雷诺兹觉得悉尼在发展过程中丢弃了太多传统，以至于现在定位有点模糊。
35．A 解析：推理判断题。根据最后两段中的“being young and old at thesame time has its attractions”及“I can't help wishing they wouldkeep those old ferries”可知，作者认为新旧交融自有其魅力，希望悉尼能够保留那些旧渡船。
专题七 七选五
一、
语篇类型：说明文 主题语境：人与自我——体育锻炼——健身伙伴
【解题导语】 本文介绍了人们与同伴一起健身的诸多好处，以及如何才能找到一个好的健身伙伴。
36．C 解析：根据空后一句“有一个健身伙伴，你将会训练得更努力，因为你们之间有一种微妙的竞争”可知，C项“如果你和别人一起训练，你会更努力”符合语境。
37．D 解析：根据空后的问句“Or do you...and flexibility？”可知，空处也应是一般疑问句，是对本段首句的进一步解释。由此可知，D项“你想在你最喜欢的运动项目上成为一名更好的运动员吗？”符合语境。
38．B 解析：根据空后一句“如果你打算在健身房锻炼，那个人(你的伙伴)一定得是同一个健身房的”可知，空处内容应该与健身伙伴所在的位置有关。由此可知，B项“健身伙伴通常需要住在附近”符合语境。
39．G 解析：空前介绍了作者的健身伙伴发布的寻找健身伙伴的帖子的内容。故空处也应与帖子内容有关。G项“任何寻找健身伙伴的通知都应包括这些信息”符合语境。
40．F 解析：根据空前“你和你的伙伴可能有不同的技能”可推知，F项“接受你和健身伙伴之间的不同之处，学会合作”符合语境。
二、
语篇类型：说明文 主题语境：人与社会——人际关系——维持长距离友谊的五种方法
36．D 解析：空前提到双方忙碌，可能会难以找到时间打电话。根据该段小标题“Set a regular date”可知，此段主要建议朋友间设定一个固定时间来联系，对应选项D中的“Try to find a time that works for both of you”。
37．E 解析：根据空前的“Make sure you have communicated...for you both”以及空后的”There are...a group chat”可知，空处内容应与交流方式相关。空前的“what method works best for you both”与选项E中的“their preferred methods of communication”对应。
38．G 解析：该段中的“The friend who is remaining”“the friend who has moved”分别对应选项G中的“the one who was left behind”“the friend who left”。
39．A 解析：根据语境和常识可知，“Anniversaries and birthdays”均为重要的日子，再结合该段中的“keeps track of friends' birthdays and other important dates”可知选A。
40．F 解析：空后“long distance friendships—even close ones—may require more conscious effort to sustain”表示“长距离友谊，即使是亲密的朋友之间，也可能需要更有意识的努力来维持”，又根据空后的but可知，空处内容应与空后内容形成转折，F项“通过社交媒体获得联系感是很容易的”符合语境。
三、
语篇类型：说明文 主题语境：人与社会——社会与文化——在不同国家就餐时的注意事项
【解题导语】 本文主要介绍了在不同国家就餐时需要注意的一些事情，如餐具的使用、如何发出请求等。
36．D 解析：空前一句讲到了“与文化有关的用餐礼仪中的一些重要规则可能会让你大为惊讶”，空后一句则讲到了“知道一些窍门儿有助于确保你用餐愉快”。因此，空处讲到的应该是不要让人发现你在餐馆犯下令人难堪的错误。
37．F 解析：根据常识可以判断，F项“Never stick them upright inyour food or cross them as you use them”中的三个“them”指的都是chopsticks，且F项讲到的是筷子礼仪，符合本段主题。
38．C 解析：根据空前的“In India and the Middle East...in France...hand.”和空后的“In Chile...their spoons.”可知，空处讲到的应该也是某个国家的风俗，选项中符合语境的只有C项，且C项与空后的“instead preferring to use their hands”形成对比。
39．G 解析：根据小标题“Making Requests”可知，本段主要介绍的是在就餐时发出请求，G项的“a simple request”符合语境，且是空后一句中的“this”指代的内容。
40．B 解析：根据空后的“the more comfortable...practices”可知，此处是固定句型“the＋比较级，the＋比较级”，由此锁定选项A和B。根据语境可知，你在特定的国家待的时间越长，你就会对它的文化习俗感到越自在。
四、
语篇类型：说明文 主题语境：人与自我——丰富自我、完善自我——如何有效而快乐地利用时间
【解题导语】 文章介绍了如何高效利用时间，帮助学生学会自我管理。
31．F 解析：空前提到作者能够充分利用时间，并且依然会感到开心和放松；下文各段是作者就如何高效利用时间给出的几点建议。由此可知，F项“也许这些建议将帮助你充分利用时间”承上启下，符合语境。
32．D 解析：根据该部分小标题和空后内容可知，作者在本段强调要将时间用于自己认为最重要且想做的事情上，D项“选出你生活中有意义的事情”符合语境，其中“meaningful”与小标题中的“important”及空后的例子相对应。
33．C 解析：根据该部分小标题和空后的“Find ways to enjoy them in a combined manner.”可知，作者不建议把时间分开来进行多项活动，C项“不要试图在它们之间平衡时间”符合语境，其中“them”指代上文中的“friends，family，work，play, etc.”。
34．B 解析：空处为小标题。根据下文内容可知，本段主要介绍了与学习有关的内容，B项“做一个积极的学习者”能够概括段落主旨，其中“learner”对应下文中的“learning”。
35．G 解析：根据空前一句和空后一句可知，空处内容应与列举或记录各项事物有关，G项“这就是列清单在任何有关生产效率的手册中都很重要的原因”符合语境。
专题八 完形填空
一、
语篇类型：记叙文 主题语境：人与自我——家庭旅行——野营奇遇
【解题导语】 作者一家人热爱户外活动，作者从自己一家人过去10年里野营的经历中摘取两个片段进行了描述，一次是在溪边露营，三岁的儿子掉进小溪中；另外一次，作者一家人在湖中划船垂钓时遭遇暴风雨，所幸一个渔民开船过来把作者一家人拖到了岸边。
41．C 解析：前文说过去10年作者一家有美好的野营经历(My husband...over the past ten years.)，下文说“especially from the early years when our children were little”，由此判断此处应选C，表示“记忆，回忆”。
42．A 解析：根据下文的“He was ________， and his crying let the whole campground know it.”可知，此处表示作者一家选择在白垩河旁边露营(camp)。
43．D 解析：根据空后的“that our 15 month old boy would fall into the creek”可知，这里说的是作者担心(worried)自己15个月的孩子会掉进小溪里。
44．C 解析：前文说作者“tied a rope around his waist to keep him near to our spot”，下文提到孩子哭叫。由此可推知，孩子哭叫是因为他被绳子拴住腰部感到不舒服(uncomfortable)。
45．B 解析：前文说作者给15个月大的孩子系上绳子，孩子因不舒服而哭叫，下文说“I just kept a close eye on him”，由此可知，这里表示作者不再(instead of)用绳子拴着他。
46．A 解析：根据上文内容和下文中的“he didn't end up in the creek”可知，这里表示作者在露营的时候一直密切关注自己15个月大的孩子，这一招很有效(work)，孩子没有掉进小溪里。
47．D 解析：根据语境可知，此处指作者一家人出发(head off)时天气还是晴朗的，但暴风雨快速来临了。
48．B 解析：根据语境及常识可知，这里指突如其来的暴风雨打断(interrupt)了作者一家平静的旅途。
49．A 解析：前文说山中暴风雨来得很快，再结合空后的“picked up and thunder rolled”可知，此处应选A，表示“风越来越大”。
50．C 解析：根据空前的“stopped fishing”及下文中的“We were stuck in the middle of the lake with a dead motor.”可知，作者一家人乘坐的船原本停在湖面，作者的丈夫在钓鱼，暴风雨来临之后丈夫赶紧启动(start)船只的发动机。
51．A 解析：结合前文的“Nothing.”和下文中的“We were stuck in the middle of the lake”可知，作者的丈夫再次启动发动机，不幸的是(no luck)还是发动不了。
52．D 解析：前文说发动机发动不了，船被困在湖中，由此可推知，当时作者一家人无计可施(helplessly)。
53．C 解析：前文说作者一家人被困湖中，此时一个渔民把作者一家人拖到岸边，由此可推知最终我们安全(safe)了。
54．D 解析：下文说“wondering what camping fun and ________ we will experience next”，由此可知，作者很喜欢这样的经历，因此选D，表示“兴奋”。
55．B 解析：根据前文对两次野营经历的描述可知，此处应用名词adventure表示“奇遇，冒险”。
二、
语篇类型：说明文 主题语境：人与社会——人际关系——人与人之间要彼此承认、相互尊重
41．C 解析：根据下文中的“making oneself unable to be seen”可推断，避开(escaping)别人的目光，使自己不被人看见，这是一件非常令人兴奋的事情。
42．B 解析：根据下文中的“They often cover only their eyes with their hands, leaving the rest of their bodies ________”可知，他们常常只是用手遮住自己的眼睛，把身体其他部位暴露在外，由此可推断，他们不擅长隐藏。
43．A 解析：参见上题解析。
44．D 解析：这种无效的隐藏方法被认为(interpreted)是儿童是一种完全“以自我为中心”的生物的证据。support“支持”；guarantee“保证”；imagine“想象”。
45．C 解析：根据语境可知，我们在儿童发展心理学方面令人惊奇的(surprising)研究发现反驳(contradicted)了那个观点。
46．C 解析：参见上题解析。explain“解释”；confirm“证实”；test“测试”。
47．B 解析：由上句中的“children”可知，此处是指每个孩子(child)都与一名成人坐在一起。
48．D 解析：由下句中的“hear”可推断出此空填“ears”。
49．A 解析：由上句中的“eyes”可推断出此空填“see”。
50．B 解析：根据语境可知，当成年人捂住自己的嘴时，同样的事情(thing)发生了。
51．B 解析：这么一来(Now)，孩子们说他们不能和她说话。
52．A 解析：由上文的“mouth”可推断出此空填“speak”。
53．C 解析：根据语境可知，许多实验(experiments)排除了孩子们误解了他们被问到的问题这种可能性。instructions“指示，命令，用法说明”；description“描述”；assumption“假设”。
54．A 解析：孩子们理解(comprehended)这些问题，并且确切地(exactly)知道他们被问到了什么。predict“预言”；explore“探索”；ignore“忽视”。
55．D 解析：参见上题解析。partly“部分地”；honestly“诚实地”；vaguely“含糊地”。
56．A 解析：根据语境可知，他们对这些问题的回答(responses)反映了他们真实的看法(belief)：“只有你也能看到我，我才能看到你。”approach“方法”；contribution“贡献”；sensitivity“体贴，敏感”。
57．B 解析：参见上题解析。ability“能力”；identity“身份”；purpose“目的”。
58．C 解析：根据语境可知，他们只是坚持(insist on)相互的承认和尊重。hold back“隐瞒，阻止”；make up“构成，编造，补足(某数量)”。
59．D 解析：根据语境可知，我们的研究发现(findings)表明，当孩子在头上盖一条毯子“隐藏”时，这并不是自我中心主义的结果。limitation“限制”；requirement“必备条件”；theory“理论”。
60．D 解析：根据语境可知，事实上，当其他人使用这种方法时，孩子们认为它是有效的(effective)。tentative“不确定的”；impressive“令人赞叹的，给人印象深刻的”；creative“创造(性)的”。
三、
语篇类型：记叙文 主题语境：人与社会——人际交往——因狗结缘，终成眷属
【解题导语】 作者是一位动物爱好者，她的约会对象史蒂夫也是一位动物爱好者。在两人约会的过程中，史蒂夫喂作者的小狗喝水的一幕深深打动了作者。后来，作者的小狗蒂莉做手术之后，史蒂夫又主动提供了自己的住所并和作者悉心照顾蒂莉，两人和他们的宠物之间都相处得很愉快。一年之后，作者欣然接受了史蒂夫的求婚。
41．C 解析：根据上文中的“enjoyed living with my dogs”和下文中的“keep my loneliness at bay”可知，两只宠物狗的陪伴(companionship)让作者没那么孤独。
42．A 解析：根据语境可知，尽管作者去约会了，但是她对能否遇到志同道合的人心存疑虑(reservation)。
43．D 解析：根据常识可知，第一次约会的时候，作者了解到(learn)史蒂夫有一只狗和一只猫。
44．D 解析：根据上文可知，作者是一位动物爱好者，因此，作者对史蒂夫也是一位动物爱好者感到兴奋(thrilled)。
45．B 解析：根据空后宾语从句中的内容可知，作者对和四只小动物在一起相处的前景感到担忧(worry)。
46．A 解析：根据上文中的“a cat, Flora”和空后的“the cat”可知，此处指的是小猫弗洛拉。
47．B 解析：根据常识和语境可知，第二周，作者和史蒂夫一起去遛(walk)狗。
48．A 解析：根据上文中的“It was a hot day”可知，作者和史蒂夫停下来喘口气(catch one's breath)。
49．C 解析：根据上文中的“The next week”可知，这只是两人开始约会的第二周，这个时候求婚有点过于快(soon)了。
50．D 解析：根据语境可知，作者对关爱动物的人会很有好感。因此，看到史蒂夫给自己的小狗喂水的那一刻(in that moment)，作者就爱上了史蒂夫。
51．A 解析：上文提到作者爱上了史蒂夫，因此，两人继续(continue)约会。
52．D 解析：根据下文中的“climbing the stairs could reopen the wound”可以推断，蒂莉的腿(leg)做了手术。
53．B 解析：此处与上文中的“I took the dogs out four times a day”呼应，据此可以判断，每天外出四次会让蒂莉不停地(constantly)爬楼梯，作者担心这样会让它的伤口裂开。
54．C 解析：根据下文中的“The three dogs formed a pack...We made good housemates.”可以推测，为了解决蒂莉不停地爬楼梯的问题，史蒂夫推荐(suggest)了他自己的房子。
55．C 解析：根据下文中描述的其乐融融、一派祥和的景象可知，作者和她的宠物们搬到史蒂夫家后一切都很顺利(fine)。
56．B 解析：根据上文中的描述“my dogs might attack ______， the cat”可知，作者曾担心她的小狗和史蒂夫的小猫无法和平共处。再根据上下文可知，经过训练后，三只小狗抱作一团，它们尊重(respect)小猫(弗洛拉)的生活空间。
57．B 解析：根据上文中的“Tilly had an operation on her ______”和语境可知，作者和史蒂夫共同照顾(care for) 蒂莉。
58．A 解析：根据常识和下文中的“this man produced a little box with a ring and proposed to me”可知，作者当时肯定很开心(to one's delight)。
59．C 解析：作者早就爱上了史蒂夫，因此，史蒂夫没有单膝跪地求婚，作者也不需要(need)他这么做。
60．D 解析：此处呼应第三段中的“He poured water...to my dogs...I began to fall for him”可知，此处指下跪只是为了给把作者和史蒂夫带到一起的狗喝水(water)。
四、
语篇类型：说明文 主题语境：人与自我——积极的生活态度——身患眼疾的老太太努力为自己和病友带来光明
【解题导语】 文章讲述的是患眼疾的老人伯迪尼努力为自己和其他遭受同样折磨的人带来光明的故事，传扬了乐观精神和守望相助的大爱。
36．D 解析：根据下文的“Eventually, Ms. Burdeyney learned about plans for an eye research”可知，此处表示伯迪尼女士的眼睛(eye)开始出问题了。
37．B 解析：此处表示伯迪尼女士正在经历(go through)可怕的事情。
38．C 解析：此处表示她感到很无助和不安，因为她的生活(life)质量受到了影响。
39．A 解析：此处表示伯迪尼女士和一些有相似(similar)问题的朋友进行了交谈。
40．D 解析：根据下文的“Nobody chooses to talk about it”可知，她发现他们很大程度上都一声不吭地(in silence)受着折磨。
41．C 解析：根据上文的“Nobody chooses to talk about it”和下文的“But more and more are suffering”可知，没人选择谈论它，因为它似乎很微不足道(insignificant)。
42．A 解析：根据上文的“But more and more are suffering and lives are being”可知，越来越多的人在受折磨，而且生活也受到了损害(compromise)。
43．B 解析：根据下文的“the project”可知，此处表示伯迪尼女士了解到一个眼睛研究项目(program)的计划。
44．C 解析：根据语境可知，这个研究小组包括(include)加拿大医生阿兰·斯洛莫维克。
45．D 解析：根据下文的“Seeing a ray of hope”可知，通过使用干细胞，该医生在眼睛护理方面有了开创性的(ground breaking)进展。
46．A 解析：根据下文的“she has raised$110，000 with another$40，000”可知，伯迪尼女士看到了一线希望，于是她开始和一位朋友一起为这个项目筹款(money)。
47．B 解析：此处表示迄今为止(so far)，她已经筹集了110 000美元，预计(expect)还会有 40 000 美元。
48．C 解析：参见上题解析。
49．D 解析：此处表示她正在努力让越来越多的人明白(understand)还是有解决办法的。
50．A 解析：根据上文的“Beverley Burdeyney turned seventy four last year”和空前的“a trained nurse who is still working as a personal trainer after”可知，伯迪尼女士在退休(retirement)后依然当私人教练。
51．C 解析：上文提到伯迪尼女士退休后仍然当私人教练，因此此处表示她认为没有老年(old age)这一说。
52．B 解析：根据上文提到的伯迪尼女士的积极行为可知，此处表示不要一动不动地(still)站着，要做点什么。
53．D 解析：此处指伯迪尼女士补充说(add)她希望为这个研究项目做更多的事情。
54．A 解析：上文提到伯迪尼女士有眼疾及其所作所为，再结合空后的“into people's eyes”可知，此处表示她只是想为人们的眼睛带来光明(light)。
55．B 解析：根据下文的“There is still a long way to go.”可知，此处表示这只是开始(beginning)。
专题九 语法填空
一、
语篇类型：说明文 主题语境：人与自然——环境保护——人与动物
【解题导语】 本文介绍了中国筹建的大熊猫国家公园的相关情况。
56．Covering 解析：考查非谓语动词。该句谓语部分为will be，故此处应该用非谓语动词作状语；cover与句子主语是逻辑上的主谓关系，所以用现在分词形式作伴随状语。
57．the 解析：考查冠词。这里单数名词size前需要冠词，构成倍数表达法“倍数＋the size of＋名词”表示“……的大小的几倍大”。
58．were 解析：考查时态和主谓一致。本空所在定语从句的主语，即关系代词that，指代前面的a significant number of areas，这个短语作主语时，谓语动词的数应该与复数名词areas保持一致；空后的previously unprotected表明这个定语从句叙述的是过去发生的事。
59．to increase 解析：考查非谓语动词。根据语境可知，此处在句中作目的状语，表示“以便提高管理的有效性并降低不一致性”。
60．is designed 解析：考查时态、语态和主谓一致。GPNP作主语，谓语动词用单数形式；大熊猫国家公园与design之间是被动关系，应用被动语态；结合语境可知此处叙述的是现在的客观情况，用一般现在时。
61．and 解析：考查连词。通过句子结构中的“protecting..., preserving..., protecting..., ________ leaving”可以看出，这里需要并列连词来连接多个并列成分。
62．populations 解析：考查名词复数。population在这里表示“种群”，是可数名词，由空前的separate可知应填名词复数populations。
63．eventually 解析：考查副词。该空修饰动词achieve，应填所给词的副词形式eventually。
64．as 解析：考查介词。动词短语serve as在此处表示“起作用，产生效果”。
65．that 解析：考查定语从句。先行词“the species”指物，并且其前有all修饰，故此处应用关系代词that。
二、
语篇类型：新闻报道 主题语境：人与社会——历史、社会与文化——中国庆祝首个“国际茶日”
【解题导语】 本文主要介绍了周四在北京晋商博物馆举办的一系列庆祝由联合国设立的首个“国际茶日”的活动。
61．by 解析：考查介词。此处从句中谓语动词的被动语态结构为was named by...“由……命名”。
62．the 解析：考查冠词。此处指上文提到过的“the first International Tea Day”，故用定冠词“the”表示特指。
63．addressed 解析：考查谓语动词的时态和语态。根据上文中的“took place”可知，时态应一致；address“对……发表演说”与主语“chairman”构成主动关系。
64．largest 解析：考查形容词的最高级。“tea prod ucing country”前应用形容词修饰，提示词为形容词，且空前有定冠词“the”，再结合常识可知，应用形容词的最高级。
65．responsibility 解析：考查名词。根据空前的不定冠词“a”可知，此处填名词“responsibility”。
66．shared 解析：考查形容词。根据空前的“a”和空后的名词“future”可知，此处应用形容词，share与future为逻辑上的动宾关系，故用过去分词形式的形容词shared“共同的”。
67．and 解析：考查连词。根据句意可知，此处意为“促进国际合作与文化交流”，故应用and。
68．To strengthen 解析：考查非谓语动词。根据句意并分析句子结构可知，空处应用不定式表示目的。
69．inviting 解析：考查非谓语动词。本句已有谓语动词“included”，提示词与“the event”之间为逻辑上的主谓关系，故空处用提示词“invite”的现在分词形式作状语。
70．its 解析：考查代词。“first exhibition”前应用所给词的形容词性物主代词形式，故填its。
三、
语篇类型：新闻报道 主题语境：人与自我——做人与做事——盲人旅行家曹晟康的古丝绸路之行
【解题导语】 本文主要讲述了盲人旅行家曹晟康徒步穿越古丝绸之路并沿途做环保的故事。
61．to journey 解析：考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，本句的谓语动词是hiked，空处应是非谓语动词。名词step前面有序数词first修饰，因此空处应用动词不定式作后置定语。
62．who 解析：考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词指人，关系词在从句中充当主语，应用who。
63．held 解析：考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，本句的谓语动词是decided，空处应是非谓语动词，且与被修饰词the Belt and Road Forum for Intemational Cooperation之间构成动宾关系。
64．A 解析：考查冠词。根据语境可知，此处表泛指，且friend的发音以辅音音素开头，应用不定冠词a。空处位于句首，注意要大写。
65．protection 解析：考查词形转换。根据空前的形容词environmental可知，空处应用名词。
66．meaningful 解析：考查词形转换。结合句意“这将使他的徒步旅行更有意义”可知，空处应用形容词。
67．has walked 解析：考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知，walk在句中作谓语。结合时间状语In the last five years可知，时态为现在完成时；walk与主语Cao之间为主动关系；主语Cao为第三人称单数，谓语动词也应用第三人称单数。
68．highest 解析：考查形容词最高级。根据常识可知，乞力马扎罗山是非洲最高的山脉。
69．from 解析：考查介词。此处考查固定表达“from...to...”，意为“从……到……”。
70．planning 解析：考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，本句的谓语动词是flew，空处应是非谓语动词，与其逻辑主语He之间构成主谓关系。
四、
语篇类型：记叙文 主题语境：人与自然——个人对自然的关切——减少学术活动中的航空旅行并充分利用远程科技找到替代方案
【解题导语】 为了应对气候变化，以亚特兰大的教授基姆·科布为代表的一部分学者减少学术活动中的航空旅行，优先选择通过远程方式参与活动。
56．who/that 解析：考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，且在从句中作主语，先行词为指代人的a small but growing minority of academics，应用who/that。
57．is viewed/has been viewed 解析：考查时态、语态和主谓一致。空处为句子的谓语部分，句子主语为v. ing结构“Travelling to...and the like”，表示单数概念，与view为被动关系；再结合语境可知，此处可表示现在的情况或已经发生过的对现在造成影响的动作，应用is viewed/has been viewed。
58．are 解析：考查时态和主谓一致。根据语境和空后的“now questioning”可知，空处所在句的时态为现在进行时，且主语表示复数意义，应用are。question在此处为动词，表示“表示疑问，怀疑”。
59．changing 解析：考查非谓语动词。空处与上文的pushing并列作状语，又因change与句子主语Cobb and others为逻辑上的主谓关系，应用现在分词形式。
60．roughly 解析：考查副词。此处表示大约200位学者，空处应用所给词的副词形式作状语。
61．have promised 解析：考查时态和主谓一致。根据时间状语“since the effort started two years ago”可知，此处应用现在完成时；又主语为复数意义，助动词应用复数形式。
62．whether/if 解析：考查宾语从句。就科布而言，她开始询问邀请她发言的会议组织者她是否可以远程发言。空处引导宾语从句，表示“是否”，应用whether/if。
63．the 解析：考查冠词。约四分之三的情况下，他们(会议组织者)同意了。此处特指上文提到的科布询问邀请她发言的会议组织者是否可以远程发言这种情况，应用定冠词。
64．invitation 解析：考查名词。空处作declined的宾语，应用所给词的名词形式。
65．to continue 解析：考查非谓语动词。plan to do sth.意为“计划做某事”，为固定搭配。
专题十 短文改错
一、
语篇类型：说明文 主题语境：人与自我——生活与学习——健康的生活方式，积极的生活态度
We all know that cycling is a exercise. A doctor tells me people who the longest are dancers and cyclists. Maybe it is because the combination of fresh air, smooth movement and exercise. you ride a bicycle, you don't use petrol. So are not producing carbon dioxide and not air pollution. Just see how cars have been taken over our cities. They often run at high speeds, may put our lives in danger. And there traffic jams, too. Our cities will be better places if we replace cars with ．
二、
语篇类型：记叙文 主题语境：人与自我——家庭生活——修复父子关系
【解题导语】 作者小时候和父亲很亲近，但是自从作者上高中，父子关系开始疏远。有一天，父亲主动找作者希望修复关系，父子关系开始好转。
My father often took me to his hospital when I was off my school He showed me how his medical instruments used. I felt so to him. However, after I went to high school, somehow I distant from him. I was unwilling talk with him and often disobeyed his rule of not out with my friends too late. The disagreement was sharp that neither he nor I knew to settle it. One day, he talked with me hoped to mend our relations. With the efforts made by sides, we began to understand each other better.
专题十一 应用文写作
一、
One possible version：
Dear Caroline，
Being in charge of the English program “Talk and Talk” run by our school broadcast station, I feel much privileged to invite you to our program for a live talk show.
The program, meant to promote the interest of the students in English learning and broaden their horizons, is widely popular among us students. The interview will be held at 9 this coming Sunday morning, lasting about an hour. Your talk show can cover anything related to English, or what school life is like in your country.
I sincerely hope you can accept my invitation.
Yours sincerely，
Li Hua
二、
One possible version：
Learning English Beyond the Classroom
There are many things we can do to learn English well. As the chart shows, students adopt different ways to learn English beyond the classroom.
The percent of the students who listen to English songs is as high as 65%. 50% of them watch English movies while only 18% read English books. Those who visit English learning websites account for 12%.
The figures of the chart suggest that there are a variety of ways to learn English beyond the classroom with the development of modern technology. Students can choose what they like to enrich their English learning experiences.
As far as I am concerned, students should do more listening and speaking so that they can develop their communication skills.
三、
One possible version：
Our Oceans, Our Responsibility
June 8th was officially named by the UN in 2009 as World Oceans Day. It aims to raise people's awareness of protecting oceans.
It goes without saying that oceans play a critical role in the world. Not only do they provide abundant resources and food for us, but they are also crucial for the global climate development.Additionally, oceans are...the lungs of our planet”， providing most of the oxygen we breathe.
As high school students, it's our responsibility to protect them. First of all, do what we can to make a difference. For example. stop throwing garbage into oceans. In addition, call on people around us to take action, too. I believe we will have cleaner oceans.
四、
One possible version：
Dear Chris，
How is everything going With heartfelt delight, I'm writing to share my sincere feeling about the China Ireland Cultural Festival with you.
Although a week has passed since you returned home , I can still recall the enjoyable time we spent together. From Chinese calligraphy to Irish paintings, we got a glimpse of various aesthetic masterpieces. And the festival also unfolded the two countries' profound history. From this experience, I truly understand that geographical separation does not necessarily bring about cultural conflicts and that we can assimilate the other's merits contrarily.
At last, I hope our friendship will last forever. Looking forward to your early reply.
Yours，
Li Hua
专题十二 读后续写
一、
One possible version：
We sat down next to each other, but David wouldn't look at me. I quietly said, “David, if you don't want to run today, no one is going to make you do.But if you're not running because you're afraid someone is going to laugh, that's not a good enough reason. There will always be someone who will laugh and say mean words. There are people like that, and that's just the way it is.The real question is whether you are going to let those few people stop you from doing something you really want to do. Are you going to let them get in your way If you really want to run, David, then you run! “I held my breath as David took this in. Then he looked at the field and said with fierce but quiet determination, “I'm gonna run.”
I watched as David moved up to the starting line with the other runners. The starter's gun sounded, and David lurched forward with the other children. But he had only gone a few metres before he tripped and fell flat on the ground. My heart sank. As I started to shout encouragement, other voices around me appeared too. David picked himself up and started again.This was David's run. He had worked for it, and he wouldn't give up! At last, he raised his arms in triumph as he crossed the finish line to wild cheers and applause. At the end of the year, the track coach asked the class to nominate one of their classmates for the athletic award for their grade. Without hesitation the whole class voted for David, saying that no one had worked harder for that award than he.
二、
One possible version：
Paragraph 1：
We started to meet regularly to draw up our plans. The more we met, the more I knew his ability. I was aware that my teammate was much more advanced than I. He knew technical things and approached every detail with great singularity of purpose. I, on the other hand, had little to share. We discussed a lot and tried to fashion an intelligent yet simple experiment. Part of our job was to select students who had volunteered to be subjects for our project. I decided to devote myself to the task of working with the subjects, while he developed the scientific model.
Paragraph 2：
One day I got word that he was admitted to the hospital for a serious disease. Apparently, the stress of getting the best grade had taken its toll on him. When visiting him, I noticed for the first time a sense of vulnerability on his face. I assured him I would finish the project alone and that I wouldn't let him down. I poured more time and energy into that project. Finally, my hard work paid off—we were awarded an A, which gave me great satisfaction. More importantly, I earned my teammate's recognition and we have become good friends since then.专题一 名词、动词、形容词、副词、代词、连词、介词和冠词 1
专题二 动词的时态和语态及非谓语动词 3
专题三 状语从句、定语从句和名词性从句 5
专题四 阅读理解—应用文 6
专题五 阅读理解—说明文 10
专题六 阅读理解—记叙文、议论文 14
专题七 七选五 17
专题八 完形填空 20
专题九 语法填空 23
专题十 短文改错 25
专题十一 应用文写作 26
专题十二 读后续写 27
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1．(2022·新高考全国卷Ⅰ语法填空)56.Covering(cover) an area about three times 57.____________ size of Yellowstone National Park, the GPNP will be one of the first national parks in the country.
2．(2022·新高考全国卷Ⅰ语法填空)The GPNP 60.is designed(design) to reflect the guiding principle of “protecting the authenticity and integrity (完整性) of natural ecosystems, preserving biological diversity, protecting ecological buffer zones, 61.__________ leaving behind precious natural assets (资产) for future generations”．
3．(2022·新高考全国卷Ⅰ语法填空)The GPNP's main goal is to improve connectivity between separate 62.____________ (population) and homes of giant pandas, and 63.____________ (eventual) achieve a desired level of population in the wild.
4．(2022·新高考全国卷Ⅰ语法填空)Giant pandas also serve 64.____________ an umbrella species (物种), bringing protection to a host of plants and animals in the southwestern and northwestern parts of China.
5．(2022·全国乙卷语法填空)May 21st this year marks the first International Tea Day, which was named officially 61.____________ the United Nations on November 27th, 2019.
6．(2022·全国乙卷语法填空)To celebrate 62.____________ festival, a number of events took place at the Chinese Businessman Museum in Beijing on Thursday.
7．(2022·全国乙卷语法填空)“As a main promoter of the International Tea Day, the birthplace of tea and the 64.____________ (large) tea producing country, China has a 65.____________ (responsible) to work with other countries to promote the healthy development of the tea industry. It can help to build a community with a 66.____________ (share) future for mankind，” he said.
8．(2022·全国乙卷语法填空)The “First International Tea Day Tea Road Cooperative Initiative” issued (发布) at the ceremony calls for people working in the tea industry to come together to promote international cooperation 67.________ cultural exchanges.
9．(2022·全国乙卷语法填空)The Chinese Ancient Tea Museum was officially unveiled (揭幕) at the ceremony, opening 70.____________ (it) first exhibition: The Avenue of Truth—A Special Exhibition of Pu'er Tea.
10．(2022·全国乙卷短文改错)We all know that cycling is a greatly exercise. ________________
11．(2022·全国乙卷短文改错)Maybe it is because the combination of fresh air, smooth movement and exercise. ________________
12．(2022·全国乙卷短文改错)So they are not producing carbon dioxide and not causing air pollution. ________________
13．(2022·全国乙卷短文改错)Our cities will be better places if we replace cars with bicycle. ________________
14．(2022·全国甲卷语法填空)64.____________ friend of his, Wu Fan, volunteered to be his companion during the trip.
15．(2022·全国甲卷语法填空)Cao and Wu also collected garbage along the road, in order to promote environmental 65.____________ (protect).
16．(2022·全国甲卷语法填空)Cao believes this will make the hiking trip even more 66.____________ (meaning).
17．(2022·全国甲卷语法填空)Cao 67.has walked(walk) through 34 countries in six continents, and in 2016, he reached the top of Kilimanjaro, Africa's 68.__________ (high) mountain.
18．(2022·全国甲卷语法填空)He flew 4，700 kilometers 69.____________ Xi'an to Kashgar on Sept. 20, 70.planning(plan) to hike back to Xi'an in five months.
19．(2022·全国甲卷短文改错)My father often took me to his hospital when I was off my school. ________________
20．(2022·全国甲卷短文改错)I felt so closely to him. ________________
21．(2022·全国甲卷短文改错)The disagreement was so sharp that neither he nor I knew what to settle it. ________________
22．(2022·全国甲卷短文改错)One day, he talked with me or hoped to mend our relations. ________________
23．(2022·全国甲卷短文改错)With the efforts made by all sides, we began to understand each other better. ________________
24．(2022·浙江卷1月语法填空)On a website called No Fly Climate Sci, for example, 60.____________ (rough) 200 academics—many of them climate scientists—61.have promised (promise) to fly as little as possible since the effort started two years ago.
25．(2022·浙江卷1月语法填空)Cobb, for her part, started to ask conference organizers who invited her to speak 62.whether/if she could do so remotely; about three quarters of 63.___________ time, they agreed.
26．(2022·浙江卷1月语法填空)When the answer was no, she declined the 64.____________ (invite).
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1．(2022·新高考全国卷Ⅰ语法填空)56.____________ (cover) an area about three times 57.the size of Yellowstone National Park, the GPNP will be one of the first national parks in the country.
2．(2022·新高考全国卷Ⅰ语法填空)The plan will extend protection to a significant number of areas that 58.____________ (be) previously unprotected, bringing many of the existing protected areas for giant pandas under one authority 59.____________ (increase) effectiveness and reduce inconsistencies in management.
3．(2022·新高考全国卷Ⅰ语法填空)The GPNP 60.____________ (design) to reflect the guiding principle of “protecting the authenticity and integrity (完整性) of natural ecosystems, preserving biological diversity, protecting ecological buffer zones, 61.and leaving behind precious natural assets (资产) for future generations”．
4．(2022·全国乙卷语法填空)The chairman of the China Culture Promotion Society 63.____________ (address) the opening ceremony.
5．(2022·全国乙卷语法填空)68.____________ (strengthen)the connection with young people, the event included a number of public promotional activities on social media, 69.____________ (invite) twenty nine tea professionals from around the world to have thirty six hours of uninterrupted live broadcasts.
6．(2022·全国乙卷短文改错)A doctor tells me people who lives the longest are dancers and cyclists. ________________
7．(2022·全国乙卷短文改错)So you are not producing carbon dioxide and not cause air pollution. ________________
8．(2022·全国乙卷短文改错)Just see how cars have been taken over our cities. ________________
9．(2022·全国乙卷短文改错)We all know that cycling is a great exercise...And there were traffic jams, too. ________________
10．(2022·全国甲卷语法填空)A visually challenged man from Beijing recently hiked (徒步) 40 days to Xi'an, as a first step 61.____________ (journey) the Belt and Road route (路线) by foot.
11．(2022·全国甲卷语法填空)Inspired by the Belt and Road Forum for International Cooperation 63.____________ (hold) in Beijing, Cao decided to cover the route by hiking as a tribute (致敬) to the ancient Silk Road.
12．(2022·全国甲卷语法填空)In the last five years, Cao 67.____________ (walk) through 34 countries in six continents, and in 2016, he reached the top of Kilimanjaro, Africa's 68.highest(high) mountain.
13．(2022·全国甲卷语法填空)He flew 4，700 kilometers 69.from Xi'an to Kashgar on Sept. 20, 70.____________ (plan) to hike back to Xi'an in five months.
14．(2022·全国甲卷短文改错)He showed me how his medical instruments was used. ________________
15．(2022·全国甲卷短文改错)However, after I went to high school, somehow I become distant from him. ________________
16．(2022·全国甲卷短文改错)I was unwilling talk with him and often disobeyed his rule of not stay out with my friends too late. ________________
17．(2022·浙江卷1月语法填空)Travelling to conferences, lectures, workshops, and the like—frequently by plane—57.____________ (view) as important for scientists to get together and exchange information.
18．(2022·浙江卷1月语法填空)But Cobb and others 58.____________ (be) now questioning that idea—pushing conferences to provide more chances to participate remotely and 59.____________ (change) their personal behavior to do their part in dealing with the climate change crisis.
19．(2022·浙江卷1月语法填空)On a website called No Fly Climate Sci, for example, 60.roughly(rough) 200 academics—many of them climate scientists—61. ____________ (promise) to fly as little as possible since the effort started two years ago.
20．(2022·浙江卷1月语法填空)That approach brought Cobb's air travel last year down by 75%, and she plans 65.____________ (continue) the practice. “It has been fairly rewarding，” she says—“a really positive change.”
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1．(2022·新高考全国卷Ⅰ语法填空)The GPNP is intended to provide stronger protection for all the species 65.____________ live within the Giant Panda Range and significantly improve the health of the ecosystem in the area.
2．(2022·全国乙卷短文改错)Whether you ride a bicycle, you don't use petrol. ________________
3．(2022·全国乙卷短文改错)They often run at high speeds, what may put our lives in danger. ________________
4．(2022·全国甲卷语法填空)On the 1，100 kilometer journey, the man Cao Shengkang, 62.____________ lost his eyesight at the age of eight in a car accident, crossed 40 cities and counties in three provinces.
5．(2022·全国甲卷短文改错)The disagreement was too sharp that neither he nor I knew how to settle it. ________________
6．(2022·浙江卷1月语法填空)Kim Cobb, a professor at the Georgia Institute of Technology in Atlanta, is one of a small but growing minority of academics 56.____________ are cutting back on their air travel because of climate change.
7．(2022·浙江卷1月语法填空)Cobb, for her part, started to ask conference organizers who invited her to speak 62.____________ she could do so remotely; about three quarters of 63.the time, they agreed.
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一、
(2022·新高考全国卷Ⅰ，A)Grading Policies for Introduction to Literature
Grading Scale
90－100, A; 80－89, B; 70－79, C; 60－69, D; Below 60, E.
Essays (60%)
Your four major essays will combine to form the main part of the grade for this course: Essay 1＝ 10%; Essay 2 ＝ 15%; Essay 3＝15%; Essay 4＝20%.
Group Assignments (30%)
Students will work in groups to complete four assignments (作业) during the course. All the assignments will be submitted by the assigned date through Blackboard, our online learning and course management system.
Daily Work/In Class Writings and Tests/Group Work/Homework (10%)
Class activities will vary from day to day, but students must be ready to complete short in class writings or tests drawn directly from assigned readings or notes from the previous class' lecture/discussion, so it is important to take careful notes during class. Additionally, from time to time I will assign group work to be completed in class or short assignments to be completed at home, both of which will be graded.
Late Work
An essay not submitted in class on the due date will lose a letter grade for each class period it is late. If it is not turned in by the 4th day after the due date, it will earn a zero. Daily assignments not completed during class will get a zero. Short writings missed as a result of an excused absence will be accepted.
21．Where is this text probably taken from
A．A textbook. B．An exam paper.
C．A course plan. D．An academic article.
22．How many parts is a student's final grade made up of
A．Two. B．Three.
C．Four. D．Five.
23．What will happen if you submit an essay one week after the due date
A．You will receive a zero.
B．You will lose a letter grade.
C．You will be given a test.
D．You will have to rewrite it.
二、
(2022·新高考全国卷Ⅰ，C)The elderly residents (居民) in care homes in London are being given hens to look after to stop them feeling lonely.
The project was dreamed up by a local charity (慈善组织) to reduce loneliness and improve elderly people's wellbeing. It is also being used to help patients suffering dementia, a serious illness of the mind. Staff in care homes have reported a reduction in the use of medicine where hens are in use.
Among those taking part in the project is 80 year old Ruth Xavier. She said: “I used to keep hens when I was younger and had to prepare their breakfast each morning before I went to school.”
“I like the project a lot. I am down there in my wheelchair in the morning letting the hens out and down there again at night to see they've gone to bed.”
“It's good to have a different focus. People have been bringing their children in to see the hens and residents come and sit outside to watch them. I'm enjoying the creative activities, and it feels great to have done something useful.”
There are now 700 elderly people looking after hens in 20 care homes in the North East, and the charity has been given financial support to roll it out countrywide.
Wendy Wilson, extra care manager at 60 Penfold Street, one of the first to embark on the project, said: “Residents really welcome the idea of the project and the creative sessions. We are looking forward to the benefits and fun the project can bring to people here.”
Lynn Lewis, director of Notting Hill Pathways, said: “We are happy to be taking part in the project. It will really help connect our residents through a shared interest and creative activities.”
28．What is the purpose of the project
A．To ensure harmony in care homes.
B．To provide part time jobs for the aged.
C．To raise money for medical research.
D．To promote the elderly people's welfare.
29．How has the project affected Ruth Xavier
A．She has learned new life skills.
B．She has gained a sense of achievement.
C．She has recovered her memory.
D．She has developed a strong personality.
30．What do the underlined words “embark on” mean in paragraph 7
A．Improve. B．Oppose.
C．Begin. D．Evaluate.
31．What can we learn about the project from the last two paragraphs
A．It is well received.
B．It needs to be more creative.
C．It is highly profitable.
D．It takes ages to see the results.
三、
(2022·全国乙卷，A)Henry Raeburn (1756－1823)
The Exhibition
This exhibition of some sixty masterpieces celebrating the life and work of Scotland's best loved painter, Sir Henry Raeburn, comes to London. Selected from collections throughout the world, it is the first major exhibition of his work to be held in over forty years.
Lecture Series
Scottish National Portrait (肖像画) Gallery presents a series of lectures for the general public. They are held in the Lecture Room. Admission to lectures is free.
An Introduction to RaeburnSunday 26 Oct., 15.00 DUNCAN THOMSON Raeburn's EnglishContemporariesThursday 30 Oct., 13.10JUDY EGERTON
Characters and Characterisation in Raeburn's PortraitsThursday 6 Nov., 13.10NICHOLAS PHILLIPSON Raeburn and Artist's Training in the 18th CenturyThursday 13 Nov., 13.10MARTIN POSTLE
Exhibition Times
Monday－Saturday 10.00－17.45
Sunday 12.00－17.45
Last admission to the exhibition: 17.15.There is no re admission.
Closed: 24－26 December and 1 January
Admission
￡4.Children under 12 years accompanied by an adult are admitted free.
Schools and Colleges
A special low entrance charge of ￡2 per person is available to all in full time education, up to and including those at first degree level, in organised groups with teachers.
21．What is the right time for attending Raeburn's English Contemporaries
A．Sun. 26 Oct. B．Thurs. 30 Oct.
C．Thurs. 6 Nov. D．Thurs. 13 Nov.
22．How much would a couple with two children under 12 pay for admission
A．￡4. B．￡8.
C．￡12. D．￡16.
23．How can full time students get group discounts
A．They should go on Sunday mornings.
B．They should come from art schools.
C．They must be led by teachers.
D．They must have ID cards with them.
四、
(2022·全国乙卷，B)In 1916, two girls of wealthy families, best friends from Auburn, N. Y．—Dorothy Woodruff and Rosamond Underwood—traveled to a settlement in the Rocky Mountains to teach in a one room schoolhouse. The girls had gone to Smith College. They wore expensive clothes. So for them to move to Elkhead, Colo. to instruct the children whose shoes were held together with string was a surprise. Their stay in Elkhead is the subject of Nothing Daunted: The Unexpected Education of Two Society Girls in the West by Dorothy Wickenden, who is a magazine editor and Dorothy Woodruff's granddaughter.
Why did they go then Well, they wanted to do something useful. Soon, however, they realized what they had undertaken.
They moved in with a local family, the Harrisons, and, like them, had little privacy, rare baths, and a blanket of snow on their quilt when they woke up in the morning. Some mornings, Rosamond and Dorothy would arrive at the schoolhouse to find the children weeping from the cold. In spring, the snow was replaced by mud over ice.
In Wickenden's book, she expanded on the history of the West and also on feminism, which of course influenced the girls' decision to go to Elkhead. A hair raising section concerns the building of the railroads, which entailed (牵涉) drilling through the Rockies, often in blinding snowstorms. The book ends with Rosamond and Dorothy's return to Auburn.
Wickenden is a very good storyteller. The sweep of the land and the stoicism (坚忍) of the people move her to some beautiful writing. Here is a picture of Dorothy Woodruff, on her horse, looking down from a hill top: “When the sun slipped behind the mountains, it shed a rosy glow all around them. Then a full moon rose. The snow was marked only by small animals: foxes, coyotes, mice, and varying hares, which turned white in the winter.”
24．Why did Dorothy and Rosamond go to the Rocky Mountains
A．To teach in a school.
B．To study American history.
C．To write a book.
D．To do sightseeing.
25．What can we learn about the girls from paragraph 3
A．They enjoyed much respect.
B．They had a room with a bathtub.
C．They lived with the local kids.
D．They suffered severe hardships.
26．Which part of Wickenden's writing is hair raising
A．The extreme climate of Auburn.
B．The living conditions in Elkhead.
C．The railroad building in the Rockies.
D．The natural beauty of the West.
27．What is the text
A．A news report. B．A book review.
C．A children's story. D．A diary entry.
五、
(2022·全国甲卷，A)
Theatres and Entertainment
St David's Hall
St David's Hall is the award winning National Concert Hall of Wales standing at the very heart of Cardiff's entertainment centre. With an impressive 2，000 seat concert hall, St David's Hall is home to the annual Welsh Proms Cardiff. It presents live entertainment, including pop, rock, folk, jazz, musicals, dance, world music, films and classical music.
The Hayes, Cardiff CF10 1AH
www.stdavidshallcardiff.co.uk
The Glee Club
Every weekend this is “Wales” premier comedy club where having a great time is the order for both audiences and comedy stars alike. It is hard to name a comedy star who hasn't been on the stage here. If you are looking for the best comedies on tour and brilliant live music, you should start here.
Mermaid Quay, Cardiff Bay, Cardiff CF10 5BZ
www.glee.co.uk/cardiff
Sherman Cymru
Sherman Cymru's theatre in the Cathays area of Cardiff reopened in February 2012. This special building is a place in which theatre is made and where children, artists, writers and anyone else have the opportunity (机会) to do creative things. Sherman Cymru is excited to present a packed programme of the very best theatre, dance, family shows and music from Wales and the rest of the world.
Senghennydd Road, Cardiff CF24 4YE
www.shermancymru.co.uk
New Theatre
The New Theatre has been the home of quality drama, musicals, dance and children's shows for more than 100 years. Presenting the best of the West End along with the pick of the UK's touring shows, the New Theatre is Cardiff's oldest surviving traditional theatre. Be sure to pay a visit as part of your stay in the city.
Park Place, Cardiff CF10 3LN
www.newtheatrecardiff.co.uk
21．Where is the Welsh Proms Cardiff hosted
A．At the New Theatre.
B．At the Glee Club.
C．At Sherman Cymru.
D．At St David's Hall.
22．What can people do at the Glee Club
A．Watch musicals.
B．Enjoy comedies.
C．See family shows.
D．Do creative things.
23．Which website can you visit to learn about Cardiff's oldest surviving theatre
A．www.newtheatrecardiff.co.uk
B．www.shermancymru.co.uk
C．www.glee.co.uk/cardiff
D．www.stdavidshallcardiff.co.uk
六、
(2022·浙江卷1月，B)The United States rose to global power on the strength of its technology, and the lifeblood of that technology has long been electricity. By providing long distance communication and energy, electricity created the modern world. Yet properly understood, the age of electricity is merely the second stage in the age of steam, which began a century earlier.
“It is curious that no one has put together a history of both the steam and electric revolutions，” writes Maury Klein in his book The Power Makers: Steam, Electricity, and the Men Who Invented Modern America. Klein, a noted historian of technology, spins a narrative (叙述) so lively that at times it reads like a novel.
The story begins in the last years of the 18th century in Scotland, where Watt perfected “the machine that changed the world”. Klein writes, “America did not invent the steam engine, but once they grasped its possibilities they put it to more uses than anyone else.”
Meanwhile, over the course of the 19th century, electricity went from mere curiosity to a basic necessity. Morse invented a code for sending messages over an electromagnetic circuit. Bell then gave the telegraph a voice. Edison perfected an incandescent bulb (白炽灯泡) that brought electric light into the American home.
Most importantly, Edison realized that success depended on mass electrification, which he showed in New York City. With help from Tesla, Westinghouse's firm developed a system using alternating current (交流电), which soon became the major form of power delivery.
To frame his story, Klein creates the character of Ned, a fictional witness to the progress brought about by the steam and electric revolutions in America during one man's lifetime. It's a technique that helps turn a long narrative into an interesting one.
24．What is Klein's understanding of the age of electricity
A．It is closely linked to the steam age.
B．It began earlier than people thought.
C．It is a little studied period of history.
D．It will come to an end sooner or later.
25．What can be inferred about Ned
A．He was born in New York City.
B．He wrote many interesting stories.
C．He created an electricity company.
D．He lived mainly in the 19th century.
26．What is the text
A．A biography. B．A book review.
C．A short story. D．A science report.
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一、
(2022·新高考全国卷Ⅰ，D)Human speech contains more than 2，000 different sounds, from the common “m” and “a” to the rare clicks of some southern African languages. But why are certain sounds more common than others A ground breaking, five year study shows that diet related changes in human bite led to new speech sounds that are now found in half the world's languages.
More than 30 years ago, the scholar Charles Hockett noted that speech sounds called labiodentals, such as “f” and “v”， were more common in the languages of societies that ate softer foods. Now a team of researchers led by Damián Blasi at the University of Zurich, Switzerland, has found how and why this trend arose.
They discovered that the upper and lower front teeth of ancient human adults were aligned (对齐), making it hard to produce labiodentals, which are formed by touching the lower lip to the upper teeth. Later, our jaws changed to an overbite structure (结构), making it easier to produce such sounds.
The team showed that this change in bite was connected with the development of agriculture in the Neolithic period.Food became easier to chew at this point. The jawbone didn't have to do as much work and so didn't grow to be so large.
Analyses of a language database also confirmed that there was a global change in the sound of world languages after the Neolithic age, with the use of “f” and “v” increasing remarkably during the last few thousand years. These sounds are still not found in the languages of many hunter gatherer people today.
This research overturns the popular view that all human speech sounds were present when human beings evolved around 300，000 years ago. “The set of speech sounds we use has not necessarily remained stable since the appearance of human beings, but rather the huge variety of speech sounds that we find today is the product of a complex interplay of things like biological change and cultural evolution，” said Steven Moran, a member of the research team.
32．Which aspect of the human speech sound does Damián Blasi's research focus on
A．Its variety. B．Its distribution.
C．Its quantity. D．Its development.
33．Why was it difficult for ancient human adults to produce labiodentals
A．They had fewer upper teeth than lower teeth.
B．They could not open and close their lips easily.
C．Their jaws were not conveniently structured.
D．Their lower front teeth were not large enough.
34．What is paragraph 5 mainly about
A．Supporting evidence for the research results.
B．Potential application of the research findings.
C．A further explanation of the research methods.
D．A reasonable doubt about the research process.
35．What does Steven Moran say about the set of human speech sounds
A．It is key to effective communication.
B．It contributes much to cultural diversity.
C．It is a complex and dynamic system.
D．It drives the evolution of human beings.
二、
(2022·全国乙卷，C)Can a small group of drones (无人机) guarantee the safety and reliability of railways and, at the same time, help railway operators save billions of euros each year That is the very likely future of applying today's “eyes in the sky” technology to making sure that the millions of kilometres of rail tracks and infrastructure (基础设施) worldwide are safe for trains on a 24/7 basis.
Drones are already being used to examine high tension electrical lines. They could do precisely the same thing to inspect railway lines and other vital aspects of rail infrastructure such as the correct position of railway tracks and switching points. The more regularly they can be inspected, the more railway safety, reliability and on time performance will be improved. Costs would be cut and operations would be more efficient (高效) across the board.
That includes huge savings in maintenance costs and better protection of railway personnel safety. It is calculated that European railways alone spend approximately 20 billion euros a year on maintenance, including sending maintenance staff, often at night, to inspect and repair the rail infrastructure. That can be dangerous work that could be avoided with drones assisting the crews' efforts.
By using the latest technologies, drones could also start providing higher value services for railways, detecting faults in the rail or switches, before they can cause any safety problems. To perform these tasks, drones for rail don't need to be flying overhead. Engineers are now working on a new concept: the rail drones of the future. They will be moving on the track ahead of the train, and programmed to run autonomously. Very small drones with advanced sensors and AI and travelling ahead of the train could guide it like a co pilot. With their ability to see ahead, they could signal any problem, so that fast moving trains would be able to react in time.
28．What makes the application of drones to rail lines possible
A．The use of drones in checking on power lines.
B．Drones' ability to work at high altitudes.
C．The reduction of cost in designing drones.
D．Drones' reliable performance in remote areas.
29．What does “maintenance” underlined in paragraph 3 refer to
A．Personnel safety.
B．Assistance from drones.
C．Inspection and repair.
D．Construction of infrastructure.
30．What function is expected of the rail drones
A．To provide early warning.
B．To make trains run automatically.
C．To earn profits for the crews.
D．To accelerate transportation.
31．Which is the most suitable title for the text
A．What Faults Can Be Detected with Drones
B．How Production of Drones Can Be Expanded
C．What Difficulty Drone Development Will Face
D．How Drones Will Change the Future of Railways
三、
(2022·全国乙卷，D)The Government's sugar tax on soft drinks has brought in half as much money as Ministers first predicted it would generate, the first official data on the policy has shown.
First announced in April, 2016, the tax which applies to soft drinks containing more than 5g of sugar per 100ml, was introduced to help reduce childhood obesity (肥胖). It is believed that today's children and teenagers are consuming three times the recommended level of sugar, putting them at a higher risk of the disease.
Initially the sugar tax was expected to make ￡520m a year for the Treasury. However, data of the first six months showed it would make less than half this amount. At present it is expected to generate ￡240m for the year ending in April 2019, which will go to school sports.
It comes after more than half of soft drinks sold in shops have had their sugar levels cut by manufacturers (制造商) so they can avoid paying the tax. Drinks now contain 45 million fewer kilos of sugar as a result of manufacturers' efforts to avoid the charge, according to Treasury figures. Since April drinks companies have been forced to pay between 18p and 24p for every litre of sugary drink they produce or import, depending on the sugar content.
However, some high sugar brands, like Classic Coca Cola, have accepted the sugar tax and are refusing to change for fear of upsetting consumers. Fruit juices, milk based drinks and most alcoholic drinks are free of the tax, as are small companies manufacturing fewer than 1m litres per year.
Today's figures, according to one government official, show the positive influence the sugar tax is having by raising millions of pounds for sports facilities (设施) and healthier eating in schools. Helping the next generation to have a healthy and active childhood is of great importance, and the industry is playing its part.
32．Why was the sugar tax introduced
A．To collect money for schools.
B．To improve the quality of drinks.
C．To protect children's health.
D．To encourage research in education.
33．How did some drinks companies respond to the sugar tax
A．They turned to overseas markets.
B．They raised the prices of their products.
C．They cut down on their production.
D．They reduced their products' sugar content.
34．From which of the following is the sugar tax collected
A．Most alcoholic drinks.
B．Milk based drinks.
C．Fruit juices.
D．Classic Coke.
35．What can be inferred about the adoption of the sugar tax policy
A．It is a short sighted decision.
B．It is a success story.
C．It benefits manufacturers.
D．It upsets customers.
四、
(2022·全国甲卷，B)Goffin's cockatoos, a kind of small parrot native to Australasia, have been shown to have similar shape recognition abilities to a human two year old. Though not known to use tools in the wild, the birds have proved skilful at tool use while kept in the cage. In a recent experiment, cockatoos were presented with a box with a nut inside it. The clear front of the box had a “keyhole” in a geometric shape, and the birds were given five differently shaped “keys” to choose from. Inserting the correct “key” would let out the nut.
In humans, babies can put a round shape in a round hole from around one year of age, but it will be another year before they are able to do the same with less symmetrical (对称的) shapes. This ability to recognize that a shape will need to be turned in a specific direction before it will fit is called an “allocentric frame of reference”. In the experiment, Goffin's cockatoos were able to select the right tool for the job, in most cases, by visual recognition alone. Where trial and error was used, the cockatoos did better than monkeys in similar tests. This indicates that Goffin's cockatoos do indeed possess an allocentric frame of reference when moving objects in space, similar to two year old babies.
The next step, according to the researchers, is to try and work out whether the cockatoos rely entirely on visual clues (线索), or also use a sense of touch in making their shape selections.
24．How did the cockatoos get the nut from the box in the experiment
A．By following instructions.
B．By using a tool.
C．By turning the box around.
D．By removing the lid.
25．Which task can human one year olds most likely complete according to the text
A．Using a key to unlock a door.
B．Telling parrots from other birds.
C．Putting a ball into a round hole.
D．Grouping toys of different shapes.
26．What does the follow up test aim to find out about the cockatoos
A．How far they are able to see.
B．How they track moving objects.
C．Whether they are smarter than monkeys.
D．Whether they use a sense of touch in the test.
27．Which can be a suitable title for the text
A．Cockatoos: Quick Error Checkers
B．Cockatoos: Independent Learners
C．Cockatoos: Clever Signal Readers
D．Cockatoos: Skilful Shape Sorters
五、
(2022·浙江卷1月，C)The benefits of regular exercise are well documented but there's a new bonus to add to the ever growing list. New research found that middle aged women who were physically fit could be nearly 90 percent less likely to develop dementia (失智症) in later life—and if they did, it came on a decade later than less sporty women.
Lead researcher Dr Helena H rder, of the University of Gothenburg in Sweden, said: “These findings are exciting because it's possible that improving people's cardiovascular (心血管的) fitness in middle age could delay or even prevent them from developing dementia.”
For the study, 191 women with an average age of 50 took a bicycle exercise test until they were tired out to measure their peak (最大值的) cardiovascular capacity. The average peak workload was measured at 103 watts.
A total of 40 women met the criteria for a high fitness level with a capacity of 120 watts or higher, while 92 women were in the medium fitness category. A total of 59 were of low fitness level, with a peak workload of 80 watts or less, or having their tests stopped because of health problems.
These women were then tested for dementia six times over the following four decades. During that time, 44 of the women developed dementia. Five percent of the highly fit women developed dementia, compared to 25 percent of the women with medium fitness and 32 percent of the women with low fitness.
“However, this study does not show cause and effect between cardiovascular fitness and dementia, it only shows an association，” said H rder. “More research is needed to see if improved fitness could have a positive effect on the risk of dementia and also to look at when during a lifetime a high fitness level is most important.” She also admitted that a relatively small number of women were studied, all of whom were from Sweden, so the results might not be applicable to other groups.
27．What is on the ever growing list mentioned in the first paragraph
A．Positive effects of doing exercise.
B．Exercises suitable for the middle aged.
C．Experimental studies on dementia.
D．Advantages of sporty women over men.
28．Why did the researchers ask the women to do bicycle exercise
A．To predict their maximum heart rate.
B．To assess their cardiovascular capacity.
C．To change their habit of working out.
D．To detect their potential health problems.
29．What do we know about Dr H rder's study
A．It aimed to find a cure for dementia.
B．Data collection was a lengthy process.
C．Some participants withdrew from it.
D．The results were far from satisfactory.
30．Which of the following is the best title for the text
A．More Women Are Exercising to Prevent Dementia
B．Middle Aged Women Need to Do More Exercise
C．Fit Women Are Less Likely to Develop Dementia
D．Biking Improves Women's Cardiovascular Fitness
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记叙文
一、
(2022·全国甲卷，C)As Ginni Bazlinton reached Antarctica, she found herself greeted by a group of little Gentoo penguins (企鹅) longing to say hello. These gentle, lovely gatekeepers welcomed her and kick started what was to be a trip Ginni would never forget.
Ever since her childhood, Ginni, now 71, has had a deep love for travel. Throughout her career (职业) as a professional dancer, she toured in the UK, but always longed to explore further. When she retired from dancing and her sons eventually flew the nest, she decided it was time to take the plunge．
After taking a degree at Chichester University in Related Arts, Ginni began to travel the world, eventually getting work teaching English in Japan and Chile. And it was in Chile she discovered she could get last minute cheap deals on ships going to Antarctica from the islands off Tierra del Fuego, the southernmost tip of the South American mainland. “I just decided I wanted to go，” she says. “I had no idea about what I'd find there and I wasn't nervous. I just wanted to do it. And I wanted to do it alone as I always prefer it that way.”
In March 2008, Ginni boarded a ship with 48 passengers she'd never met before, to begin the journey towards Antarctica. “From seeing the wildlife to witnessing sunrises, the whole experience was amazing. Antarctica left an impression on me that no other place has，” Ginni says. “I remember the first time I saw a humpback whale; it just rose out of the water like some prehistoric creature and I thought it was smiling at us. You could still hear the operatic sounds it was making underwater.”
The realization that this is a precious land, to be respected by humans, was one of the biggest things that hit home to Ginni.
28．Which of the following best explains “take the plunge” underlined in paragraph 2
A．Try challenging things.
B．Take a degree.
C．Bring back lost memories.
D．Stick to a promise.
29．What made Ginni decide on the trip to Antarctica
A．Lovely penguins. B．Beautiful scenery.
C．A discount fare. D．A friend's invitation.
30．What does Ginni think about Antarctica after the journey
A．It could be a home for her.
B．It should be easily accessible.
C．It should be well preserved.
D．It needs to be fully introduced.
31．What is the text mainly about
A．A childhood dream.
B．An unforgettable experience.
C．Sailing around the world.
D．Meeting animals in Antarctica.
二、
(2022·浙江卷1月，A)For nearly a decade now, Merebeth has been a self employed pet transport specialist. Her pet transport job was born of the financial crisis (危机) in the late 2000s. The downturn hit the real estate (房地产) firm where she had worked for ten years as an office manager. The firm went broke and left her looking for a new job. One day, while driving near her home, she saw a dog wandering on the road, clearly lost. She took it home, and her sister in Denver agreed to take it. This was a loving home for sure, but 1，600 miles away. It didn't take long for Merebeth to decide to drive the dog there herself. It was her first road trip to her new job.
Merebeth's pet delivery service satisfies her wanderlust. It has taken her to every state in the US except Montana, Washington and Oregon, she says proudly. If she wants to visit a new place, she will simply find a pet with transport needs there. She travels in all weathers. She has driven through 55 mph winds in Wyoming, heavy flooding and storms in Alabama and total whiteout conditions in Kansas.
This wanderlust is inherited from her father, she says. He moved their family from Canada to California when she was one year old, because he wanted them to explore a new place together. As soon as she graduated from high school she left home to live on Catalina Island off the California coast, away from her parents, where she enjoyed a life of sailing and off road biking.
It turns out that pet transporting pays quite well at about $30，000 per year before tax. She doesn't work in summer, as it would be unpleasantly hot for the animals in the car, even with air conditioning. As autumn comes, she gets restless—the same old wanderlust returning. It's a call she must handle alone, though. Merebeth says, “When I'm on the road I'm just in my own world. I've always been independent spirited and I just feel strongly that I must help animals.”
21．Why did Merebeth change her job
A．She wanted to work near her home.
B．She was tired of working in the office.
C．Her sister asked her to move to Denver.
D．Her former employer was out of business.
22．The word “wanderlust” in paragraph 2 means a desire to ________．
A．make money
B．try various jobs
C．be close to nature
D．travel to different places
23．What can we learn about Merebeth in her new job
A．She has chances to see rare animals.
B．She works hard throughout the year.
C．She relies on herself the whole time.
D．She earns a basic and tax free salary.
议论文
一、
(2022·新高考全国卷Ⅰ，B)Like most of us, I try to be mindful of food that goes to waste. The arugula (芝麻菜) was to make a nice green salad, rounding out a roast chicken dinner. But I ended up working late. Then friends called with a dinner invitation. I stuck the chicken in the freezer. But as days passed, the arugula went bad. Even worse, I had unthinkingly bought way too much; I could have made six salads with what I threw out.
In a world where nearly 800 million people a year go hungry, “food waste goes against the moral grain，” as Elizabeth Royte writes in this month's cover story. It's jaw dropping how much perfectly good food is thrown away—from “ugly” (but quite eatable) vegetables rejected by grocers to large amounts of uneaten dishes thrown into restaurant garbage cans.
Producing food that no one eats wastes the water, fuel, and other resources used to grow it. That makes food waste an environmental problem. In fact, Royte writes, “if food waste were a country, it would be the third largest producer of greenhouse gases in the world.”
If that's hard to understand, let's keep it as simple as the arugula at the back of my refrigerator. Mike Curtin sees my arugula story all the time—but for him, it's more like 12 boxes of donated strawberries nearing their last days. Curtin is CEO of DC Central Kitchen in Washington, D．C．, which recovers food and turns it into healthy meals. Last year it recovered more than 807，500 pounds of food by taking donations and collecting blemished (有瑕疵的) produce that otherwise would have rotted in fields. And the strawberries Volunteers will wash, cut, and freeze or dry them for use in meals down the road.
Such methods seem obvious, yet so often we just don't think. “Everyone can play a part in reducing waste, whether by not purchasing more food than necessary in your weekly shopping or by asking restaurants to not include the side dish you won't eat，” Curtin says.
24．What does the author want to show by telling the arugula story
A．We pay little attention to food waste.
B．We waste food unintentionally at times.
C．We waste more vegetables than meat.
D．We have good reasons for wasting food.
25．What is a consequence of food waste according to the text
A．Moral decline.
B．Environmental harm.
C．Energy shortage.
D．Worldwide starvation.
26．What does Curtin's company do
A．It produces kitchen equipment.
B．It turns rotten arugula into clean fuel.
C．It helps local farmers grow fruits.
D．It makes meals out of unwanted food.
27．What does Curtin suggest people do
A．Buy only what is needed.
B．Reduce food consumption.
C．Go shopping once a week.
D．Eat in restaurants less often.
二、
(2022·全国甲卷，D)Sometime in the early 1960s, a significant thing happened in Sydney, Australia. The city discovered its harbor. Then, one after another, Sydney discovered lots of things that were just sort of there—broad parks, superb beaches, and a culturally diverse population. But it is the harbor that makes the city.
Andrew Reynolds, a cheerful fellow in his early 30s, pilots Sydney ferryboats for a living. I spent the whole morning shuttling back and forth across the harbor. After our third run Andrew shut down the engine, and we went our separate ways—he for a lunch break, I to explore the city.
“I'll miss these old boats，” he said as we parted.
“How do you mean？” I asked.
“Oh, they're replacing them with catamarans. Catamarans are faster, but they're not so elegant, and they're not fun to pilot. But that's progress, I guess.”
Everywhere in Sydney these days, change and progress are the watchwords (口号), and traditions are increasingly rare. Shirley Fitzgerald, the city's official historian, told me that in its rush to modernity in the 1970s, Sydney swept aside much of its past, including many of its finest buildings. “Sydney is confused about itself，” she said. “We can't seem to make up our minds whether we want a modern city or a traditional one. It's a conflict that we aren't getting any better at resolving (解决).”
On the other hand, being young and old at the same time has its attractions. I considered this when I met a thoughtful young businessman named Anthony. “Many people say that we lack culture in this country，” he told me. “What people forget is that the Italians, when they came to Australia, brought 2000 years of their culture, the Greeks some 3000 years, and the Chinese more still. We've got a foundation built on ancient cultures but with a drive and dynamism of a young country. It's a pretty hard combination to beat.”
He is right, but I can't help wishing they would keep those old ferries.
32．What is the first paragraph mainly about
A．Sydney's striking architecture.
B．The cultural diversity of Sydney.
C．The key to Sydney's development.
D．Sydney's tourist attractions in the 1960s.
33．What can we learn about Andrew Reynolds
A．He goes to work by boat.
B．He looks forward to a new life.
C．He pilots catamarans well.
D．He is attached to the old ferries.
34．What does Shirley Fitzgerald think of Sydney
A．It is losing its traditions.
B．It should speed up its progress.
C．It should expand its population.
D．It is becoming more international.
35．Which statement will the author probably agree with
A．A city can be young and old at the same time.
B．A city built on ancient cultures is more dynamic.
C．Modernity is usually achieved at the cost of elegance.
D．Compromise should be made between the local and the foreign.
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一、
(2022·新高考全国卷Ⅰ)Fitness Magazine recently ran an article titled “Five Reasons to Thank Your Workout Partner.” One reason was: “You'll actually show up if you know someone is waiting for you at the gym, ” while another read: “36.________” With a workout partner, you will increase your training effort as there is a subtle (微妙) competition.
So, how do you find a workout partner
First of all, decide what you want from that person. 37.________ Or do you just want to be physically fit, able to move with strength and flexibility Think about the exercises you would like to do with your workout partner.
You might think about posting what you are looking for on social media, but it probably won't result in a useful response. 38.________ If you plan on working out in a gym, that person must belong to the same gym.
My partner posted her request on the notice board of a local park. Her notice included what kind of training she wanted to do, how many days a week and how many hours she wanted to spend on each session, and her age. It also listed her favorite sports and activities, and provided her phone number. 39.________
You and your partner will probably have different skills. 40.________ Over time, both of you will benefit—your partner will be able to lift more weights and you will become more physically fit. The core (核心) of your relationship is that you will always be there to help each other.
A．Your first meeting may be a little awkward.
B．A workout partner usually needs to live close by.
C．You'll work harder if you train with someone else.
D．Do you want to be a better athlete in your favorite sport
E.How can you write a good “seeking training partner” notice
F．Just accept your differences and learn to work with each other.
G.Any notice for a training partner should include such information.
二、
(2022·全国乙卷)Friendship needs care and attention to keep it in good health. Here are five ways to sustain (保持) long distance friendships.
·Set a regular date
Long lasting friendships share the characteristic that both sides equally contact (联系) and share with one another. With busy schedules, squeezing in phone calls can be a challenge. 36.________.
·More isn't always merrier
Make sure you have communicated with your friend about how frequently each of you wants to be contacted and what method works best for you both. 37.________. There are alternatives to constant written communication, such as leaving voice messages or having a group chat.
·Practise empathy (共情)
38．________. The friend who is remaining needs to be sensitive to all the additional time demands placed on the friend who has moved. The one in the new environment should be sympathetic to the fact that your friend may feel abandoned.
·39.________
Anniversaries and birthdays carry even more weight in long distance friendships. Although technology might make day to day communication possible, extra effort goes a long way on special days. Simply keeping a diary that keeps track of friends' birthdays and other important dates will make sure nothing slips by you.
·Don't rely on technology alone
40．________， but long distance friendships—even close ones—may require more conscious effort to sustain. Try to seek out chances to renew friendships. How to do it Just spend face to face time together whenever possible.
A．Remember important dates
B．Compensate by writing letters
C．It is also helpful for you to be a friendship keeper
D．Try to find a time that works for both of you and stick to it
E．Friends need to talk about their preferred methods of communication
F．It is easy to have a sense of connectedness through social media
G．You may be the friend who left or the one who was left behind
三、
(2022·全国甲卷)
Important Things to Know When Dining Out
Cultural dining etiquette (礼节) might surprise you with some of its important rules. 36.________. Knowing some tips will help ensure that you have an enjoyable meal with friends or family—no matter where you are in the world.
Chopstick Rules
The way you handle chopsticks is important to avoid annoying your companions. When you put them down between bites, always put them down together so they are parallel with the edge of the table in front of you. 37.________．
Hands or Utensils (餐具)
In India and the Middle East, it's considered very rude to eat with your left hand. People in France expect you to eat with a utensil in each hand. 38.________， instead preferring to use their hands. In Chile, you may never touch any food with your fingers. People in Thailand generally use their forks only to push food onto their spoons.
Making Requests
39．________. In Portugal, this would be a serious mistake, because it shows the chef that you don't like their seasoning skills. Similarly, in Italy, never ask for extra cheese to add to your food.
Some of these cultural dining etiquette rules may seem random and strange, but they are important in various countries. 40.________， the more comfortable you'll begin to feel with its foreign cultural practices.
A．The more friends you make in your lifetime
B．The more time you spend in any given country
C．Mexicans consider it inappropriate to eat with utensils
D．Don't get caught making an embarrassing mistake at a restaurant
E．It's a good sign for the chef if you make a mess around your plate
F．Never stick them upright in your food or cross them as you use them
G．It may seem like a simple request to ask for salt and pepper at a meal
四、
(2022·浙江卷1月)I have the same 24 hours in a day as you do, but I have made specific choices that allow me to make the most of every day, and still feel happy and relaxed. 31.________
·Pick the most important.
32．________ Focus on spending time that for you is fun and productive. I chose the life of an adviser because I like to work with companies, but don't want the life of a big company CEO. My choices are based on the lifestyle I want.
·Combine your activities.
Many people go crazy trying to figure out how to spend time with friends, family, work, play, etc. 33.________ Find ways to enjoy them in a combined manner. Build your social life around people in your work environment. Find people in your company who share common interests and develop your career (职业) around the people and activities you love.
34．________
You would think learning takes more time from you, but actually there are always new ways of doing things that can save you time on daily tasks, freeing you up for the most important. Always be looking for a new way to gain back an hour here or there.
·Lighten up.
The world won't come to an end in most cases just because you left a few things undone. Celebrate progress and keep refining (改进) toward a happy productive existence. 35.________ Every completion is a small victory that adds up in a big way.
A．Speed up.
B．Be an active learner.
C．Stop trying to balance time between them all.
D．Make choices about what is meaningful in your life.
E.The things you do well usually give you greater joy.
F.Perhaps these tips will help you make the most of your time.
G.This is why making lists is important in any productivity handbook.
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一、
(2022·新高考全国卷Ⅰ)My husband, our children and I have had wonderful camping experiences over the past ten years.
Some of our 41 are funny, especially from the early years when our children were little. Once, we 42 along Chalk Creek. I was 43 that our 15 month old boy would fall into the creek (小溪). I tied a rope around his waist to keep him near to our spot. That lasted about ten minutes. He was 44 ， and his crying let the whole campground know it. So 45 tying him up, I just kept a close eye on him. It 46 —he didn't end up in the creek. My three year old, however, did.
Another time, we rented a boat in Vallecito Lake. The sky was clear when we 47 ， but storms move in fast in the mountains, and this one quickly 48 our peaceful morning trip. The 49 picked up and thunder rolled. My husband stopped fishing to 50 the motor. Nothing. He tried again. No 51 . We were stuck in the middle of the lake with a dead motor. As we all sat there 52 ， a fisherman pulled up, threw us a rope and towed (拖) us back. We were 53 ．
Now, every year when my husband pulls our camper out of the garage, we are filled with a sense of 54 ， wondering what camping fun and 55 we will experience next.
41．A．ideas B．jokes
C．memories D．discoveries
42．A．camped B．drove
C．walked D．cycled
43．A．annoyed B．surprised
C．disappointed D．worried
44．A．unhurt B．unfortunate
C．uncomfortable D．unafraid
45．A．due to B．instead of
C．apart from D．as for
46．A．worked B．happened
C．mattered D．changed
47．A．signed up B．calmed down
C．checked out D．headed off
48．A．arranged B．interrupted
C．completed D．recorded
49．A．wind B．noise
C．temperature D．speed
50．A．find B．hide
C．start D．fix
51．A．luck B．answer
C．wonder D．signal
52．A．patiently B．tirelessly
C．doubtfully D．helplessly
53．A．sorry B．brave
C．safe D．right
54．A．relief B．duty
C．pride D．excitement
55．A．failure B．adventure
C．performance D．conflict
二、
(2022·全国乙卷)Young children across the globe enjoy playing games of hide and seek. For them, there's something highly exciting about 41 someone else's glance and making oneself unable to be seen.
However, we all witness that preschool children are remarkably 42 at hiding. They often cover only their eyes with their hands, leaving the rest of their bodies 43 ．
For a long time, this ineffective hiding method was 44 as evidence that children are hopelessly “egocentric” (自我中心的) creatures. But our 45 research results in child developmental psychology 46 that idea.
We brought young children aged 2－4 into our Minds in Development Lab at USC．Each 47 sat down with an adult who covered her own eyes or 48 . We then asked the child if she could 49 or hear the adult. Surprisingly, children replied that they couldn't. The same 50 happened when the adult covered her own mouth: 51 children said that they couldn't 52 to her.
A number of 53 ruled out that the children misunderstood what they were being asked. The results were clear: Our young subjects 54 the questions and knew 55 what was asked of them. Their 56 to the questions reflected their true 57 that “I can see you only if you can see me, too.” They simply 58 mutual (相互的) recognition and regard. Our 59 suggest when a child “hides” by putting a blanket over her head, it is not a result of egocentrism. In fact, children consider this method 60 when others use it.
41．A．following B．taking
C．escaping D．directing
42．A．clever B．bad
C．scared D．quick
43．A．exposed B．examined
C．untouched D．imbalanced
44．A．supported B．guaranteed
C．imagined D．interpreted
45．A．disappointing B．mixed
C．surprising D．desired
46．A．explained B．confirmed
C．contradicted D．tested
47．A．parent B．child
C．researcher D．doctor
48．A．feet B．nose
C．hands D．ears
49．A．see B．help
C．reach D．fool
50．A．event B．thing
C．action D．accident
51．A．Yet B．Now
C．Soon D．Once
52．A．speak B．listen
C．turn D．wave
53．A．instructions B．descriptions
C．experiments D．assumptions
54．A．comprehended B．predicted
C．explored D．ignored
55．A．partly B．honestly
C．vaguely D．exactly
56．A．responses B．approaches
C．contribution D．sensitivity
57．A．ability B．belief
C．identity D．purpose
58．A．hold back B．relate to
C．insist on D．make up
59．A．limitations B．requirements
C．theories D．findings
60．A．tentative B．impressive
C．creative D．effective
三、
(2022·全国甲卷)You can tell a lot about a man by how he treats his dogs.
For many years, I enjoyed living with my dogs, Tilly and Chance. Their 41 was nearly enough to keep my loneliness at bay. Nearly. Last year, I started dating, but with 42 . When I first dated Steve, I 43 he had a dog, Molly, and a cat, Flora. While I was 44 that he was an animal lover, I 45 that three dogs were perhaps too many, and my dogs might attack 46 ， the cat.
The next week we 47 our dogs together. It was a hot day. When we paused to catch our 48 ， Steve got down on one knee. Was he proposing (求婚) I liked him too, but so 49 ？ He poured water from a bottle into his hand and offered it to my dogs. 50 ， I began to fall for him.
We 51 to date, though neither of us brought up the future. And then in late November, Tilly had an operation on her 52 . I took the dogs out four times a day, and I worried that Tilly 53 climbing the stairs could reopen the wound. Then Steve 54 his house. All worked 55 . The three dogs formed a pack that, with coaching, 56 Flora's space; Steve and I formed a good team 57 for Tilly. We made good housemates.
A year later, much to my 58 ， this man produced a little box with a ring and proposed to me. He did not kneel (跪) down, nor did I 59 him to. That's only for giving 60 to the dogs that brought us together.
41．A．ownership B．membership
C．companionship D．leadership
42．A．reservations B．expectations
C．confidence D．prejudice
43．A．feared B．doubted
C．hoped D．learned
44．A．unsatisfied B．amused
C．terrified D．thrilled
45．A．predicted B．worried
C．regretted D．insisted
46．A．Flora B．Chance
C．Molly D．Tilly
47．A．tied B．walked
C．bathed D．fed
48．A．breath B．balance
C．attention D．imagination
49．A．calm B．sure
C．soon D．real
50．A．By the way B．In that case
C．By all means D．In that moment
51．A．continued B．decided
C．intended D．pretended
52．A．eye B．tail
C．ear D．leg
53．A．secretly B．constantly
C．eventually D．unwillingly
54．A．left B．sold
C．suggested D．searched
55．A．late B．hard
C．fine D．free
56．A．emptied B．respected
C．occupied D．discovered
57．A．looking B．caring
C．waiting D．calling
58．A．delight B．credit
C．interest D．disadvantage
59．A．beg B．trust
C．need D．aid
60．A．toys B．awards
C．food D．water
四、
(2022·浙江卷1月)When Beverley Burdeyney turned seventy four last year, she started having problems with her 36 ， notably dryness and discomfort.
“I was simply 37 a terrible experience，” Ms. Burdeyney said at her home in Toronto. “I felt so helpless and insecure because the quality of my 38 was affected.”
Ms. Burdeyney talked to some friends who had 39 problems and discovered that they were largely suffering in 40 . “Nobody chooses to talk about it because it seems so 41 ，” she said. “But more and more are suffering and lives are being 42 ．”
Eventually, Ms. Burdeyney learned about plans for an eye research 43 at Tel Aviv University in Israel. The research team 44 Canadian doctor Allan Slomovic, who has done 45 work on eye care using stem cells. Seeing a ray of hope, Ms. Burdeyney began raising 46 for the project with a friend, Toronto businessman Meyer Zeifman. 47 ， she has raised $110，000 with another $40，000 48 ．
“I'm trying to get more and more people to 49 that there are solutions (解决办法)，” said Ms. Burdeyney, a trained nurse who is still working as a personal trainer after 50 . “I say there is no old 51 ， there's only neglect (忽视). Don't stand 52 ， do something about it.”
Ms. Burdeyney 53 that she was hoping to do more for the research project. “I just want to bring 54 into people's eyes and this is just the 55 . There is still a long way to go.”
36．A．throat B．skin
C．lungs D．eyes
37．A．getting over B．going through
C．holding on D．passing down
38．A．story B．treatment
C．life D．relationship
39．A．similar B．various
C．personal D．special
40．A．turn B．peace
C．vain D．silence
41．A．unbearable B．abnormal
C．insignificant D．disturbing
42．A．compromised B．forgotten
C．substituted D．separated
43．A．course B．program
C．paper D．conference
44．A．informed B．doubted
C．included D．dismissed
45．A．part time B．controversial
C．voluntary D．ground breaking
46．A．money B．standards
C．awareness D．questions
47．A．As ever B．So far
C．In return D．Once again
48．A．wasted B．donated
C．expected D．earned
49．A．imagine B．confirm
C．remember D．understand
50．A．retirement B．childbirth
C．graduation D．marriage
51．A．time B．rule
C．age D．tale
52．A．straight B．still
C．firm D．alone
53．A．commented B．learned
C．reminded D．added
54．A．light B．joy
C．color D．beauty
55．A．future B．beginning
C．truth D．meaning
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一、
(2022·新高考全国卷Ⅰ)The Chinese government recently finalized a plan to set up a Giant Panda National Park(GPNP). 56.____________ (cover) an area about three times 57.____________ size of Yellowstone National Park, the GPNP will be one of the first national parks in the country. The plan will extend protection to a significant number of areas that 58.____________ (be) previously unprotected, bringing many of the existing protected areas for giant pandas under one authority 59.____________ (increase) effectiveness and reduce inconsistencies in management.
After a three year pilot period, the GPNP will be officially set up next year. The GPNP 60.____________ (design) to reflect the guiding principle of “protecting the authenticity and integrity (完整性) of natural ecosystems, preserving biological diversity, protecting ecological buffer zones, 61.____________ leaving behind precious natural assets (资产) for future generations”. The GPNP's main goal is to improve connectivity between separate 62.____________ (population) and homes of giant pandas, and 63.____________ (eventual) achieve a desired level of population in the wild.
Giant pandas also serve 64.____________ an umbrella species (物种), bringing protection to a host of plants and animals in the southwestern and northwestern parts of China.The GPNP is intended to provide stronger protection for all the species 65.____________ live within the Giant Panda Range and significantly improve the health of the ecosystem in the area.
二、
(2022·全国乙卷)May 21st this year marks
