2026版《决胜蓝图》专题四 4 第四讲　句法：并列(句)、复合句及特殊句式（课件）英语高考大二轮专题复习

(共84张PPT)
第四讲　句法：并列(句)、
复合句及特殊句式
考查方向
　　高考对连词的考查主要涉及并列(句)和三大从句，这是高考语法填空的重点和难点，也是考生的易错点。特殊句式也偶有涉及，考频较低。
解题思路
第一步：分析句子结构，找出主干，确定是并列句、主从复合句还是特殊句式。
第二步：如果设空处前后是并列的单词、短语或句子，应该使用并列连词。
解题思路
第三步：如果是主从复合句，则分析从句和主句的关系，确定是哪种从句：
(1)设空处所引导的从句和空前部分有修饰关系，则判定为定语从句；
(2)设空处所引导的从句在整句话中充当主语、宾语、表语或者同位语，则判定为名词性从句；
(3)设空处所引导的从句作状语，则判定为状语从句。
第四步：如果有特殊句式的标志词，则判定为特殊句式。
第五步：根据句意及设空处在从句中所充当的成分来确定从句引导词。
CONTENTS
目 录
高频考点一
01
高频考点二
02
高频考点三
03
当堂即练 精准提升
05
高频考点四
04
01
高频考点一
高频考点一　并列连词——关系分析法＋固定句型法

并列连词的确定及选择
第一步：确定是否表示并列
分析句子结构，确定设空前后是并列成分：单词、短语或完整的句子。
第二步：根据并列成分之间的关系确定并列连词
若并列成分之间是并列、递进和顺承关系，则用并列连词and、both...and...、 not only...but also...等；若并列成分之间是选择关系，则用or、either...or...、 neither...nor...、 not...but...、whether...or...等；若并列成分之间是转折关系，则用but、yet；若并列成分之间是对比关系，则用while；若并列成分之间是因果关系，则用for或so。
包含并列连词的固定句型
1．祈使句＋and/or＋陈述句
2．be doing...when...　　 正在做……这时……
be about to do...when... 正要做……这时……
had just done...when... 刚做完……这时……
hardly/scarcely...when... 一……就……
单句语法填空
1．(2024·新高考全国卷Ⅱ改编) Edmondson said, “It was very exciting to hear the Chinese language ____________ see how Tang's play was being performed.”
解析：考查连词。分析句子结构并结合句意可知，“hear the Chinese language”和“see how Tang's play was being performed”是并列关系，应用并列连词and连接。
and　
2．(2024·浙江卷1月)Either your shopping is then too heavy to carry home ____________ you can't use what you've bought while it's still fresh.
解析：考查连词。“either...or...”是固定搭配，意为“要么……要么……”。
or　
3．(2023·新高考全国卷Ⅰ)To eat one, you have to decide whether to bite a small hole in it first, releasing the steam and risking a spill (溢出), ____________ to put the whole dumpling in your mouth, letting the hot soup explode on your tongue (舌头).
解析：考查连词。“whether...or...”是固定搭配，意为 “无论是……还是……”。
or　
4．(2023·新高考全国卷Ⅱ)It's been an honor to watch the panda programme develop ____________ to see the pandas settle into their new home.
解析：考查连词。分析句子结构并结合句意可知，“to watch the panda programme develop”和“to see the pandas settle into their new home”是并列关系，应用并列连词and连接。
and　
5．(2023·全国乙卷)It is a distinct visual contrast (反差) that shouldn't work, __________________ somehow these two very different worlds make a good combination.
解析：考查连词。分析句子结构并结合句意可知，前后分句之间存在转折关系，应用but或yet连接。
but/yet　
6．(2024·九省联考)He is happy with the improvement he sees in his students' writing ____________ in his own writing.
解析：考查连词。分析句子结构可知，空前的“in his students' writing”和空后的“in his own writing”为并列关系，应用并列连词and连接。
and　
7．(2021·浙江卷6月)Although Mary loved flowers, ____________ she nor her husband was known as a gardener.
解析：考查连词。“neither...nor...”为固定搭配，意为“既不……也不……”。
neither　
02
高频考点二　
高频考点二　定语从句——关系词确定法

第一步　确定是定语从句
1．设空前后没有并列连词或从属连词，也不是强调句型；
2．设空前句子结构及含义完整，设空后句子结构及含义不完整，且修饰或限定设空前某一名词或代词。
第二步　确定先行词，判断其在从句中充当的成分
1．充当主语、宾语或者表语，选择关系代词：
(1)指人时用that、who、whom；
(2)指物时，限制性定语从句用that、which，非限制性定语从句用which；
(3)指代主句整句话时，意为“这一点、这件事”，用which；意为“正如”，用as。
2．充当定语，选择关系代词whose；
3．充当状语，选择关系副词：先行词为时间用when，先行词为地点用where，先行词为reason用why。
1．定语从句只能用that 不能用which的情况：
(1)先行词是all、much、little、few、something、anything、everything、nothing、none等不定代词；
(2)先行词前面有all、no、little、few、any等修饰；
(3)先行词被the only、the last、the very修饰；
(4)先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰；
(5)先行词被最高级修饰；
(6)先行词既有人又有物；
(7)主语是以who、which开头的特殊疑问句。
2．介词后的关系代词是which(先行词为物)或者whom(先行词为人)。
3．固定句型：
(1)There was a time when...
　　　　　　　　 曾经有一段……的时光。
(2)Days are gone when...
……的时光一去不复返。
(3)The reason why...is that...
……的原因是……
4．stage/point/case/situation/scene/position等抽象意义的地点名词作先行词时，若从句缺少状语则用where，若从句缺少主语或宾语，则用that/which。
5. the way后面的定语从句引导词：that、 which、in which 或者省略。
6．关系代词whose可以转化为 the＋n.＋of which/whom 或of which/whom the＋n.。
单句语法填空
1．(2024·新高考全国卷Ⅰ)The Glasshouse stands as a great achievement in contemporary design, to house the plants of the southwestern part of China at the end of a path retracing (追溯) the steps along the Silk Route ____________ brought the plants from their native habitat in Asia to come to define much of the richness of gardening in England.
that/which　
解析：考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导限制性定语从句，先行词为表示物的名词短语the Silk Route，关系词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词that或which引导。
2．(2024·全国甲卷)Yellowstone was the largest United States national park—2.2 million acres—until Wrangell -Saint Elias in southern Alaska, ____________ became a national monument in 1978, took the honors as a national park in 1980 with 12.3 million acres.
解析：考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为Wrangell -Saint Elias，关系词代替先行词在从句中作主语，指物，应用关系代词which引导。
which　
3．(2024·新高考全国卷Ⅱ)Chinese cultural elements commemorating (纪念) Tang Xianzu, ____________ is known as “the Shakespeare of Asia，” add an international character to Stratford -upon -Avon, William Shakespeare's hometown.
解析：考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为Tang Xianzu，关系词代替先行词在从句中作主语，指人，应用关系代词who引导。
who　
4．(2024·浙江卷1月) Of course, shops are not charities—they price goods in the way ____________ will make them the most money.
解析：考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，先行词为the way，关系词代替先行词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词that或which引导。
that/which　
5．(2023·全国乙卷)But for all its ancient buildings, Beijing is also a place____________welcomes the fast -paced development of modern life, with 21st -century architectural wonders standing side by side with historical buildings of the past.
解析：考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词a place，在定语从句中作主语，应用关系代词which或that引导。
which/that　
6．(2023·全国甲卷)There was once a town in the heart of America ____________ all life seemed to enjoy peaceful co -existence with its surroundings.
解析：考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词town，在从句中作地点状语，应用关系副词where引导。
where　
7．(2022·新高考全国卷Ⅰ)The GPNP is intended to provide stronger protection for all the species ____________ live within the Giant Panda Range and significantly improve the health of the ecosystem in the area.
解析：考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导限制性定语从句，在从句中作主语，先行词为species，且先行词前有 all修饰，应用关系代词that引导。
that　
8．(2022·北京卷)That includes cups, bottles, and bags, most of ____________ are only good for one use.
解析：考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，此处为“代词＋of＋关系代词”引导的非限制性定语从句，先行词为“cups, bottles, and bags”，在从句中作介词of的宾语，应用关系代词which。
which　
03
高频考点三
高频考点三　名词性从句——5策略搞定名词性从句
名词性从句包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。
第一步　分析句子结构，找出主句的谓语动词
第二步　判断从句的类型来确定相应的连接词
1．谓语动词之前的、位于句首的为主语从句；特别注意it作形式主语，真正的主语从句往往后置；
2．动词和介词之后的为宾语从句；
3．系动词之后的为表语从句；
4．同位语从句位于抽象名词之后，对名词内容进行解释说明。
1．从句不缺成分且句意完整
that引导同位语从句、表语从句或宾语从句时，没有词义，也不作任何成分。
2．从句不缺成分但句意缺少“是否”的意思
whether引导各种名词性从句；if仅用于引导及物动词后的宾语从句；后有or not 只能用whether。
3．从句中缺少主语、宾语或表语
从句中缺少主语、宾语或表语时，用what、who、whom、which、whatever等来引导。
4．从句中缺少状语
从句缺少状语时，用where(表示地点)、when(表示时间)、how(表示方式)、why(表示原因)引导。
5．固定句型
(1)It be＋形容词＋主语从句
(2)It be＋过去分词＋主语从句
(3)It be＋名词词组(a pity、a surprise、a piece of good news等)＋主语从句
(4)There is no doubt that...
(5)It is no wonder that.../No wonder that...
(6)The reason (why...) is that...
(7)That is why...
(8)That is because...
单句语法填空
1．(2024·全国甲卷)How did the national park system come about On a cool, starry night in mid September 1870, four men relaxed before a campfire along the Firehole River in ____________ is now northwestern Wyoming.
解析：考查宾语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导宾语从句，且从句中缺少主语，指物，应用连接代词what引导从句，作介词in的宾语。
what　
2．(2024·浙江卷1月)If most of their customers are happy to buy larger quantities, that's ____________ they'll promote. But that leaves the solo (单独) customers out of pocket and disappointed.
解析：考查表语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导表语从句，且表语从句中缺少宾语，指物，应用连接代词what引导。
what　
3．(2023·新高考全国卷Ⅱ)They also need to be ready to give interviews in English with international journalists. This is ____________ they need an English trainer.
解析：考查表语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导表语从句，从句结构完整，且根据句意可知，此处表示“这就是他们需要英语培训师的原因”，应用连接副词why引导。
why　
4．(2022·浙江卷1月)Cobb, for her part, started to ask conference organizers who invited her to speak ____________ she could do so remotely; about three quarters of the time, they agreed.
解析：考查宾语从句。分析句子结构并结合句意可知，空处引导宾语从句，意为“是否”，应用whether或if引导。
whether/if　
5．(2022·北京卷)It's easy to explain how we determine ____________ smells are dangerous or not: we learn.
解析：考查宾语从句。“whether...or not”为固定搭配，意为“是否”。
whether　
04
高频考点四
高频考点四　状语从句＋强调句型
——引导词确定法＋特殊句式法
状语从句的类型及引导词
状语从句根据其用途可分为时间状语从句、地点状语从句、原因状语从句、目的状语从句、结果状语从句、条件状语从句、让步状语从句、方式状语从句和比较状语从句。
1．状语从句的引导词
时间状语 从句 when、 as、 while、 whenever、 after、 before、 until/till、 as soon as、since、once、directly、immediately、by the time、 every time、 the moment、 the minute等
地点状语 从句 where、 wherever、 anywhere、 everywhere等　
原因状语 从句 because、 since、 as、 now that、 seeing that、 considering that、 in that等
目的状语 从句 so、 so that、 in case、 in order that、 for fear (that) 等
结果状语 从句 so (that)、 with the result that等
条件状语 从句 if、 unless、 so/as long as、 only if、 provided、 on condition that、 in case、 suppose/supposing (that) 等
让步状语 从句 although、though、even if/though、as、“疑问词＋
- ever”、“no mater＋疑问词”等
方式状语 从句 as、 like、 as if/though、 the way等
比较状语 从句 than、as
2.固定句型
(1)so/such...that...　　 如此……以至于……
(2)not...until... 直到……才……
(3)no sooner...than... 一……就……
(4)hardly/scarcely...when...　 一……就……
(5)It will/won't be＋一段时间＋before...
过了多长时间才……/没过多长时间就……
(6)It is＋一段时间＋since...
自从……以来已经多长时间了。
(7)whether...or... 无论是……还是……
3．状语从句的省略
状语从句如满足以下两个条件，从句的主语和系动词be可省略：
(1)在when、 while、 whenever、 till、 as soon as、 if、 unless、 as if、 though、 as等引导的状语从句中，从句谓语有系动词be；
(2)主句主语与从句主语一致或从句主语是it。
强调结构
1．强调句型的基本结构：It is/was＋被强调部分＋that/who＋其他部分(被强调部分是主语且主语为人时用who，其他情况用that).
2．“not ... until...”的强调句型：It is/was not until ＋被强调部分＋that＋其他部分．
3．助动词do/does/did＋动词原形，表示“一定、务必”，用以强调谓语。
单句语法填空
1．(2023·新高考全国卷Ⅰ改编)__________________________ the two young women were strangers before the meet, they've since become friends.
解析：考查状语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导让步状语从句，意为“虽然、尽管”，应用although或though引导。句首单词首字母应大写。
Although/Though　
2．(2020·全国卷Ⅲ)____________ he asked the villagers on the banks of the river where he could find the legendary (传奇的) artist, they smiled and pointed down the river.
解析：考查状语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导时间状语从句，意为“当……时候”，ask为非延续性动词，不能用while引导，应用when或as引导。句首单词首字母应大写。
When/As　
3．(2019·全国卷Ⅲ改编)On our way to the house, it was raining so hard ____________ we couldn't help wondering how long it would take to get there.
解析：考查状语从句。“so...that...”是固定句型，意为“如此……以至于……”。
that　
4．(2018·天津卷)It was only when the car pulled up in front of our house ____________ we saw Lily in the passenger seat.
解析：考查强调句型。分析句子结构可知，本句是一个强调句型，被强调部分是when引导的时间状语从句。强调句型的基本结构是“It is/was＋被强调部分＋that/who＋其他部分．”，被强调部分是主语且主语为人时用who，其他情况用that，空处应用that。
that　
05
当堂即练 精准提升
Ⅰ.挑战地道外刊
题源：https：//reutersinstitute.politics.ox.ac.uk/
2024 may go down not only as the hottest ever recorded but also as a year that has, with an alarming increase in the frequency and 1.____________(severe) of a wide range of climate change caused extreme weather events, given us a clear forecast of the climate change impacts 2.____________ we can anticipate over the coming decades and centuries.
severity
that/which　
These impacts are far -reaching, 3.____________(extend) to human health, politics, food supplies, infrastructure, financial markets, and society 4.____________ large, and exceeding national boundaries.
extending
at
According to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), our atmosphere now holds more carbon dioxide than at any time in human history. It is increasingly likely 5.____________ global surface temperatures will surpass the critical 1.5 degrees Celsius threshold (临界值) set during the COP21 summit, known as the Paris climate agreement. As 6.____________(indicate) by the Global Hunger Index, the consequence of anthropogenic (人为的) climate change has worsened food insecurity, resulting in 7.____________ increase in global hunger for the first time in 8.____________(decade).
that　
indicated
an
decades
While the current sign might suggest an upcoming climate catastrophe, it is crucial 9.____________________(acknowledge) the progress. For instance, the cost of 10.____________(renew) energy has fallen faster than expectations, paving the way for clean energy transition. Moreover, over half of the world's economies have already moved beyond a peak in power generation from fossil fuels.
to acknowledge　
renewable
【解题导语】　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了2024年由气候变化引发的极端天气事件频发且加剧，但可再生能源成本的快速下降等进展为应对气候变化提供了希望。
1．severity　解析：考查名词。分析句子结构可知，空处与and前的名词frequency并列，应用名词形式。
2．that/which　解析：考查定语从句。从句引导定语从句，从句缺少宾语且先行词为impacts，指物，应用that或which。
3．extending　解析：考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，句子已有谓语动词，且impact与extend之间为主动关系，此处应用现在分词形式作伴随状语。
4．at　解析：考查介词。at large为固定搭配，意为“大多数；全部”。
5．that　解析：考查固定句型。“it is likely that...”意为“很可能……”。　
6．indicated　解析：考查非谓语动词。as indicated可看作固定搭配，意为“如……所示”。
7．an　解析：考查冠词。空后的increase为单数可数名词，其前必须有限定词，且increase发音以元音音素开头，应用不定冠词an。
8．decades　解析：考查名词复数。decade为可数名词，其前没有限定词，应用其复数形式。
9．to acknowledge　解析：考查非谓语动词。“it is＋形容词＋to do sth.”为固定句型，故此处应用动词不定式。
10．renewable　解析：考查形容词。修饰名词energy应用形容词，renewable意为“可再生的”。
Ⅱ.模拟实战演练
A
(2024·秦皇岛二模)March 8 is International Women's Day. It's a time to celebrate women's achievements, demand equality and fight for basic rights and freedoms.
International Women's Day takes place every year on March 8. It is an opportunity to celebrate women's achievements 1.____________ create positive changes for women and girls. All around the world, people are demanding gender equality and protesting about situations 2.____________ women do not have basic rights and freedoms. International Women's Day is a time to do this work together.
and
where
International Women's Day started with a protest that 3.____________ (take) place in New York City in 1908. Fifteen thousand women went out onto the streets to demand equal rights and working conditions. 4.____________ particular, they wanted 5.____________ (short) working hours, better pay and the right to vote.
took
In　
shorter
At the International Conference of Working Women in Denmark in 1910, a woman 6.____________ (call) Clara Zetkin proposed the idea of an international day for women. Everyone agreed it was a good idea 7.____________ (make) use of the same day every year to take action for women's rights. The first International Women's Day happened the 8.____________ (follow) year, in 1911.
called
to make　
following
9．__________(general), people celebrate International Women's Day in many different ways and for a 10.____________ (various) of reasons, but a common goal is gender equality.
【解题导语】　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了三八妇女节的历史由来及其庆祝现状。
Generally
variety
1．and　解析：考查连词。分析句子结构并结合句意可知，celebrate women's achievements和create positive changes for women and girls为并列关系，应用并列连词and连接。
2．where　解析：考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导限制性定语从句，先行词是situations，为抽象地点，关系词在从句中作状语，应用关系副词where引导。
3．took　解析：考查动词的时态。分析句子结构可知，空处作从句的谓语。根据时间状语in 1908可知，该句叙述的是过去发生的事，应用一般过去时。
4．In　解析：考查介词。in particular为固定短语，意为“尤其、特别”，单词位于句首，首字母应大写。
5．shorter　解析：考查形容词比较级。空后是名词，所以空处应填形容词作定语，根据下文的better pay可知，应用形容词比较级shorter。
6．called　解析：考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，空处作非谓语。call与逻辑主语a woman之间是动宾关系，应用其动词 -ed形式在句中作后置定语。
7．to make　解析：考查非谓语动词。此处是固定句型：it was a good idea to do sth.意为“做某事是一个好主意”，it是形式主语，动词不定式作真正的主语。
8．following　解析：考查形容词。分析句子结构可知，空后是名词，所以空处应用形容词作定语，follow的形容词形式是following，意为“(时间上)接着的”。
9．Generally　解析：考查副词。分析句子结构可知，空处修饰后面整个句子，应用副词形式，位于句首，首字母应大写。
10．variety　解析：考查名词。a variety of为固定短语，意为“各种各样的”。
B
(2024·深圳一模)Despite being 75 years old, Chai Tixia's expertise in Jianzi is truly impressive. With quick kicks, he effortlessly sends the Jianzi into the air and gracefully guides it to land 1.____________ (gentle) on his head.
gently　
Jianzi, 2.____________ game that dates back to the Han Dynasty, is surprisingly simple: players must keep the Jianzi in the air, 3.____________ (use) any part of their body except their hands and arms. However, to master this game 4.____________(require) a lot of practice.
a　
using
requires
While enjoyed throughout China，Jianzi 5.___________(describe) by Chai as an important aspect of hutong culture. The narrow alleyways, situated within Beijing's inner city, provide the setting for the game's 6.____________ (popular). Each morning, Chai and his fellow hutong residents gather for their shared passion for Jianzi.
is described
popularity　
Chai's spirited matches with his neighbors have a big audience 7.____________ (draw) to the artistry and excitement of the game. The onlookers who watch them playing with great athleticism are amazed at 8.____________ Chai and his fellow players can achieve.
drawn　
what　
Having practiced Jianzi for over 30 years, Chai cherishes the physical and social 9.____________ (benefit) the game brings. Engaging in lively matches with his neighbors energizes his body, enhances his flexibility, 10.____________ promotes unity within the community. Through Jianzi, Chai harvests not only health but also a sense of belonging and friendship.
benefits
and
【解题导语】　本文是一篇新闻报道。文章介绍了毽子这个游戏和柴缇霞踢毽子的高超技术。
1．gently　解析：考查副词。分析句子结构可知，空处应用副词修饰动词land，gentle的副词是gently，意为“轻柔地”。
2．a　解析：考查冠词。game是可数名词，根据句意可知，此处表泛指，意为“一种游戏”，前面要加不定冠词，game的发音是以辅音音素开头，空处应用不定冠词a。
3．using　解析：考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，句中已有谓语must keep，空处作非谓语。players和use之间为逻辑上的主谓关系，空处应用动词 ing形式。
4．requires　解析：考查动词的时态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知，空处作谓语。句子描述客观事实，应用一般现在时；主语是动词不定式短语to master this game，谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。
5．is described　解析：考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知，空处作谓语。句子描述客观事实，应用一般现在时；主语Jianzi和describe之间是被动关系，应用被动语态；主语Jianzi是专有名词，不可数，空处系动词be应用is。
6．popularity　解析：考查名词。分析句子结构可知，game's后跟名词作介词for的宾语，popular的名词形式是popularity，是不可数名词，意为“流行、普及、受欢迎”。
7．drawn　解析：考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，句中已有谓语have，空处作非谓语。audience和draw之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，空处应用动词- ed形式。
8．what　解析：考查宾语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导宾语从句，从句中缺少宾语，结合句意可知，此处表示“什么”，应用what引导。
9．benefits　解析：考查名词复数。benefit是可数名词，结合句意可知，此处表示不止一个益处，应用可数名词的复数形式。
10．and　解析：考查连词。分析句子结构并结合句意可知，energizes、enhances和promotes这三个动作是并列的，句子是肯定句，空处应用并列连词and连接。