2026版《决胜蓝图》专题一 题型篇 1 题型突破一　占据半壁江山的细节题——把握事实和细节，精准捕捉（课件）英语高考大二轮专题复习

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题型篇
题型突破一　占据半壁江山的细节题——把握事实和细节，精准捕捉
细节理解题占高考阅读理解60%以上的比重。细节理解题考查对阅读材料中的某一具体事实和细节的理解， 题干针对原文提到的某事物、现象或理论进行提问。其难度体现在：题干及选项与原文表达不完全相同；答案需跨段落、综合全文获取等。
细节理解题一般分为直接信息题、间接信息题、数字计算题和信息比较题。
1．特殊疑问句形式：以When、Where、What、Which、Who、How much/many等疑问词开头或以According to...开头引出问题；
2．填空题形式。
1．正确选项
(1)原文原词：利用原文原词作为正确选项；
(2)同义转述：题干中的关键词和原文的源信息同义替换，包括词性和词形的改变，或者主动语态与被动语态的转换；
(3)简化概括：用精练的语言来概括原文中比较分散或复杂的信息，包括数字的计算及信息的对比；
(4)正话反说：把原文中的意思反过来表达而作为正确选项。
2．干扰选项
(1)张冠李戴：是原文信息，但名实不符；对象和信息错位，认错对象或弄错事实；
(2)正误参半：部分信息正确，甚至可能包含原文关键信息，但是部分信息错误；
(3)无中生有：基于常识且符合认知，但并非文章的内容；
(4)答非所问：选项来自原文，但并非题干所提问的内容；
(5)偷梁换柱：选项的前半句、后半句或者大部分使用原文的词汇和表达，但更换了部分关键词；
(6)颠倒是非：在意思上与原文大相径庭。
直接 信息题 锁定题干关键信息(词、词组)→定位源信息→对比确认答案
间接 信息题 锁定题干关键信息(词、词组)→定位源信息→利用同义转述(同义词/近义词/反义词/同根词、主被动转化)，简化源信息，正话反说→对比确认答案
数字 计算题 锁定题干关键信息(计算内容)→定位源信息(相关数字：金额、时间等)→列出算式，确定答案
高频关键词汇：double(两倍，翻番)、couple(一对)、dozen(十二个)、score(二十个)、fortnight(两周，14天)、weekday(工作日)、decade(十年)、off(减价)、discount(折扣)、 admission (入场费，门票)、rate (价格)
信息 比较题 锁定题干关键信息→定位源信息，并逐一比对→确定答案
典型设题中包含“have...in common”“special”“difference”等词
01
高考群文阅读
请选出以下加黑题目所属的分类。

(2024·浙江卷1月阅读A)
Tom Sawyer Play Is an Adventure
A 35-minute hand-clapping, foot-stomping musical version of a Mark Twain favorite returns with this Tall Stacks festival.
“Tom Sawyer: A River Adventure” has all the good stuff, including the fence painting, the graveyard, the island and the cave. It is adapted by Joe McDonough, with music by David Kisor. That's the local stage writing team that creates many of the Children's Theatre of Cincinnati's original musicals, along with the holiday family musicals at Ensemble Theatre.
This year Nathan Turner of Burlington is Tom Sawyer, and Robbie McMath of Fort Mitchell is Huck Finn.
Turner, a 10th- grader at School for Creative and Performing Arts, is a familiar presence on Cincinnati's stages. He is a star actor of Children's Theatre, having played leading roles in “The Legend of Sleepy Hollow” and “The Wizard of Oz”， and is fresh from Jersey Production “Ragtime”．
McMath is a junior at Beechwood High School. He was in the cast of “Tom Sawyer” when it was first performed and is a Children's Theatre regular, with five shows to his credit. This summer he attended Kentucky's Governor's School for the Arts in Musical Theatre.
Note to teachers: Children's Theatre has a study guide demonstrating how math and science can be taught through “Tom Sawyer”. For downloadable lessons, visit the official website of Children's Theatre.
【解题导语】　本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍由马克·吐温的作品所改编的音乐剧《汤姆·索亚：河上历险记》的创作团队、主演及其他相关信息。
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解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“It is adapted by Joe McDonough, with music by David Kisor.”可知，本剧是由大卫·基索作曲的。
22．What can we learn about the two actors
A．They study in the same school.
B.They worked together in “Ragtime”．
C.They are experienced on stage.
D.They became friends ten years ago.
解析：推理判断题。根据第四段内容和第五段中的“McMath is a junior...with five shows to his credit.”可推知，这两位演员在舞台上经验丰富。
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解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段内容可知，儿童剧院为教师提供了教育资源。
(2023·全国乙卷阅读B)Living in Iowa and trying to become a photographer specializing in landscape (风景) can be quite a challenge, mainly because the corn state lacks geographical variation.
Although landscapes in the Midwest tend to be quite similar, either farm fields or highways, sometimes I find distinctive character in the hills or lakes. To make some of my landscape shots, I have traveled up to four hours away to shoot within a 10-minute time frame. I tend to travel with a few of my friends to state parks or to the countryside to go on adventures and take photos along the way.
Being at the right place at the right time is decisive in any style of photography. I often leave early to seek the right destinations so I can set up early to avoid missing the moment I am attempting to photograph. I have missed plenty of beautiful sunsets/sunrises due to being on the spot only five minutes before the best moment.
One time my friends and I drove three hours to Devil's Lake, Wisconsin, to climb the purple quartz (石英) rock around the lake. After we found a crazy-looking road that hung over a bunch of rocks, we decided to photograph the scene at sunset. The position enabled us to look over the lake with the sunset in the background. We managed to leave this spot to climb higher because of the spare time until sunset. However, we did not mark the route (路线) so we ended up almost missing the sunset entirely. Once we found the place, it was stressful getting lights and cameras set up in the limited time. Still, looking back on the photos, they are some of my best shots though they could have been so much better if I would have been prepared and managed my time wisely.
【解题导语】　本文是一篇记叙文。文章叙述了美国爱荷华州的一位摄影师的拍摄日常。为了拍出优秀的风景照，摄影师付出了很多，其中不乏艰辛，当然，有收获也有遗憾。
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解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“To make some of my landscape shots...go on adventures and take photos along the way.”可知，作者和朋友们通过到州公园或农村去拍照来应对中西部缺少地理多样性的挑战。
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解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Being at the right place at the right time is decisive in any style of photography.”可知，恰当的地点和时间对于拍摄任何风格的照片都起着决定性的作用。
26．What can we infer from the author's trip with friends to Devil's Lake
A.They went crazy with the purple quartz rock.
B.They felt stressed while waiting for the sunset.
C.They reached the shooting spot later than expected.
D.They had problems with their equipment.
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解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“However, we did not mark the route...it was stressful getting lights and cameras set up in the limited time.”可知，作者和朋友们几乎完全错过了日落，之后安置拍摄设备的时间就非常有限了，由此可推知，他们比预想的到达得晚。
27．How does the author find his photos taken at Devil's Lake
A.Amusing.　　　　　　　　　 B．Satisfying.
C.Encouraging. D．Comforting.
解析：观点态度题。根据最后一段中的“Still, looking back on the photos...managed my time wisely.”可知，作者对照片感到很满意。
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高考必 备词汇 [Text 1]adventure n. 冒险；奇遇　favorite n. 特别喜爱的事物　presence n. 存在；出现　to one's credit使值得赞扬；使受尊重
[Text 2]distinctive adj. 独特的，特别的　seek v. 寻求，寻找　mark v. 标记　satisfying adj. 令人满意的
四六级桥梁词汇 [Text 1]graveyard n. 墓地；坟场　legend n. 传说　
[Text 2]specialize v. 专门从事　decisive adj. 决定性的，关键的
合成词、 派生词 [Text 1]foot-stomping adj. 脚踩地板的　downloadable adj. 可下载的
[Text 2]geographical adj.地理的　background n．背景
熟词 生义 [Text 1]fresh (熟义) adj. 新鲜的 (文章义) adj. 最近的　cast (熟义) v. 扔 (文章义) n. 演员阵容　regular (熟义) adj. 有规律的 (文章义) n. 常客　[Text 2]shoot (熟义)v. 射击 (文章义) v. 拍照
长难句 分析 [Text 1]That's the local stage writing team that creates many of the Children's Theatre of Cincinnati's original musicals, along with the holiday family musicals at Ensemble Theatre.
[分析]　本句是复合句。句中含有that引导的定语从句，修饰team。
[译文]　那是当地的舞台创作团队，他们创作了辛辛那提儿童剧院的许多原创音乐剧，同时也创作了合奏剧院的假日家庭音乐剧。
长难句 分析 [Text 2]Still, looking back on the photos, they are some of my best shots though they could have been so much better if I would have been prepared and managed my time wisely.
[分析]　本句是复合句。句中“looking back on the photos”为v. ing形式作状语；though引导让步状语从句；if引导条件状语从句，从句用的是虚拟语气。
[译文]　尽管如此，回顾这些照片，它们仍然是我最好的一些照片。尽管如果我能做好准备并明智地管理时间，它们本可能会更好。
02
当堂即练 精准提升
Ⅰ.挑战地道外刊
题源：https：//www.
Despite having a reputation as fierce, bloodthirsty
predators, sharks are much more kind, varied and diverse
than their portrayal in popular culture suggests. Even Steven Spielberg, the director of a 1975 film about sharks, said that he “truly regrets” painting sharks in such an evil light. His cinematic shark tale was so
affecting that its release led to a rise in galeophobia (恐鲨症) and a fear of attacks which scientists have called the “Jaws effect”. In real life, sharks come in all shapes, sizes and colours. They are crucial inclusions in the ecosystems that they inhabit, keeping food webs in check and helping their marine neighbours to thrive. Unfortunately, though, our own unfounded fear of sharks has contributed to a sharp decline in their populations and led to increased overfishing.
Although they can grow large and become heavy like dolphins or whales, sharks are not mammals, they are fish. They are part of the same group of animals as rays and skates, which is known scientifically as the subclass (亚纲) Selachii. Like fish, most sharks are coldblooded and rely on their surroundings to set their body temperatures. They are cartilaginous (软骨的) fish though, so instead of having bones, their skeleton is made of the same material as our ears and nose.
Sharks are crucial for the ecosystems they inhabit. For a lot of coral reefs and seagrass ecosystems, sharks keep the number of other big fish in check, by fulfilling their role as apex (顶级的) predators. And by swallowing large quantities of algae and plankton, they avoid them overpowering coral reefs. Research has shown that some seagrass ecosystems without the presence of sharks have a harder time resisting climate change.
【解题导语】　本文是一篇说明文。尽管鲨鱼在流行文化中常被描绘为凶猛嗜血的捕食者，但实际上它们更加温和、多样，对生态系统至关重要。
1．What did Steven Spielberg express regret about in relation to sharks
A.Directing the film about sharks.
B.Describing sharks as fierce and bloodthirsty predators.
C.Causing galeophobia among the public.
D.Failing to show sharks' true nature in his films.
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解析：细节理解题。根据题干中的Steven Spielberg express regret定位到第一段中的“Even Steven...he ‘truly regrets’ painting sharks in such an evil light.”可知，他后悔的是将鲨鱼描绘成凶猛且嗜血的捕食者。
2．What is the “Jaws effect” referred to in the passage
A.The success of the film about sharks made in 1975.
B.The decline in shark populations due to overfishing.
C.The increase in fear of shark attacks after the release of the film.
D.The popularity of shark-themed movies.
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解析：细节理解题。根据题干中的Jaws effect定位到第一段中的“His cinematic shark tale...a fear of attacks which scientists have called the ‘Jaws effect’．”可知，“大白鲨效应”指的是1975年一部关于鲨鱼的恐怖电影上映后公众对鲨鱼袭击的恐惧增加。
3．What material is sharks' skeleton made of
A.Bones.
B.Hard rocks.
C.A combination of bones and cartilage.
D.Cartilage, similar to that of our ears and nose.
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解析：细节理解题。根据题干中的sharks' skeleton定位到第二段中的“They are cartilaginous...their skeleton is made of the same material as our ears and nose.”可知，鲨鱼的骨骼是由软骨构成的，类似于我们的耳朵和鼻子的材料。
4．How do sharks contribute to coral reefs and seagrass ecosystems
A.By reducing the number of small fish.
B.By consuming large amounts of algae and plankton.
C.By creating homes for other marine creatures.
D.By bringing nutrients from deep waters to shallow areas.
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“For a lot of coral reefs...they avoid them overpowering coral reefs.”可知，鲨鱼通过消耗大量的藻类和浮游生物对珊瑚礁和海草生态系统做出贡献。
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Ⅱ.模拟实战演练
(2024·沈阳三模)
Shanghai Pudong International Airport
Shanghai Pudong International Airport is one of the major and popular airports in pleted in 1999 with now existing 4 take－off runways and 2 terminals, it serves as the key aviation hub (枢纽) for visiting Shanghai and transferring to other cities in China.
Terminals
Shanghai Pudong International Airport Terminal 1 (T1) handles both domestic and international flights. It is divided into international (left) and domestic (right) areas.Terminal 1 was opened on September 16, 1999 and it is shaped like a seagull.
Shanghai Pudong International Airport Terminal 2 (T2) was opened on March 26, 2008 and has a similar structure as Terminal 1 although it is slightly larger. It is split into international services, on the left, and domestic flights, on the right.
On September 16, 2019, Shanghai Pudong International Airport Satellite Terminal was opened, which is located south of the airport's existing T1 and T2. This H－shaped satellite hall is the world's largest single－building satellite terminal.
Facilities and services
Currency exchange; restaurants and shops; duty free; ATMs; assistance for passengers with special needs; vending machines.
Parking
Parking lot P1 and P2 (Rates)：
First 20 minutes: Free.
First 2 hours: 10 yuan per hour. If the time is more than one hour but is less than two hours, it is charged as two hours.
Over 2 hours: 5 yuan per hour. If the time is more than two hours but is less than three hours, it is charged as three hours.
From 1 hour to 24 hours: Maximum of 130 yuan.
Every 24 hours: Calculated of the standard price.
【解题导语】　本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了上海浦东国际机场的相关信息，包括机场的历史，航站楼，设施和服务以及停车场收费标准。
1．When was Shanghai Pudong International Airport Terminal 1 opened
A.On March 26，2008. B.On September 16，1999.
C.On September 16，2019. D.On March 16, 2008.
解析：细节理解题。根据Terminals部分第一段中的“Terminal 1 was opened on September 16, 1999 and it is shaped like a seagull.”可知，T1航站楼的开放时间是1999年9月16日。
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2．What do we know about Shanghai Pudong International Airport Terminal 1
A.It is shaped like the letter H．
B.It was completed on September 16, 2008.
C.It mainly handles domestic flights.
D.It is a little bit smaller than Terminal 2.
解析：细节理解题。根据Terminals部分第二段中的“Shanghai Pudong International Airport Terminal 2...it is slightly larger.”可知，T1航站楼比T2航站楼稍微小一些。
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3．How much does it cost to park for one and a half hours
A.10 yuan.　　　　　 B．15 yuan.
C.20 yuan. D．25 yuan.
解析：数字计算题。根据Parking部分中的“First 2 hours: 10 yuan per hour. If the time is more than one hour but is less than two hours, it is charged as two hours.”可知，停车一个半小时应该按照两小时计费，每小时10元，两个小时20元。
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高考必 备词汇 [外刊]reputation n. 名声　affecting adj. 感动人的　keep...in check控制……　contribute to导致；有助于　rely on依靠　large quantities of大量的　
[模拟]domestic adj. 国内的；家庭的　shaped adj. 具有……形状的　existing adj. 现存的；现行的　calculate v. 计算
四六级桥梁词汇 [外刊]predator n. 捕食者　portrayal n. 描述；描写　evil adj. 邪恶的　inhabit v. 栖居于　thrive v. 茁壮成长　mammal n. 哺乳动物　skeleton n. 骨骼　fulfill v. 实现；满足　overpower v. 压倒　[模拟]terminal n. 航站楼　seagull n. 海鸥　currency n. 货币　vend v. 售卖
合成词、 派生词 [外刊]bloodthirsty adj. 嗜血成性的　ecosystem n. 生态系统　coldblooded adj. 残酷的； 怕冷的　[模拟]take- off n. 起飞 single- building n. 单体建筑
熟词 生义 [外刊]paint (熟义) v. 画 (文章义) v. 把……描绘成　inclusion (熟义) n．包括 (文章义) n. 组成部分　
[模拟]lot (熟义) n. 大量 (文章义) n. 场地
长难句 分析 [外刊]His cinematic shark tale was so affecting that its release led to a rise in galeophobia and a fear of attacks which scientists have called the “Jaws effect”．
[分析]　本句是复合句。句中“so...that...”引导结果状语从句；which引导定语从句，修饰先行词attacks。
[译文]　他的电影中的关于鲨鱼的故事如此引人入胜，以至于电影上映后，引发了人们的恐鲨症和对鲨鱼袭击的担忧，科学家们称之为“大白鲨效应”。