2026版《决胜蓝图》专题一 题型篇 2 题型突破二 巅峰对决的推理判断题——理解逻辑和关联，深入内化（课件）英语高考大二轮专题复习
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| 名称 | 2026版《决胜蓝图》专题一 题型篇 2 题型突破二 巅峰对决的推理判断题——理解逻辑和关联，深入内化（课件）英语高考大二轮专题复习 |
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| 文件大小 | 3.1MB | ||
| 资源类型 | 试卷 | ||
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| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2026-03-19 00:00:00 | ||
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题型突破二 巅峰对决的推理判断题——理解逻辑和关联，深入内化
推理判断题是高考阅读理解的核心考点，考查数量仅次于细节理解题。推理判断题考查对抽象含义、深层含义的理解，包括作者的态度、观点、意图等；也包括基于对全文及其逻辑关系的理解而进行推理和判断。因此，这类题目难度较大，容易失分。
1．正确选项
(1)推理要基于原文，勿用“己想”代替“作者想”；
(2)绝对即不对。正确选项中一般不会出现表示绝对概念的词语，如only、never、all、absolutely等；正确选项的表述一般使用有余地和有包容性的词语，如often、generally、usually、sometimes、some、may、might、can、could、probably等。
2．干扰选项
(1)张冠李戴：任意嫁接原文的信息或观点与其他人的信息或观点；
(2)无中生有：借用蛛丝马迹，凭空捏造；
(3)鱼目混珠：符合常识，但不符合文章内容；
(4)偷梁换柱：利用相似的句型结构和单词转换文章中的某一句话，造成句意的改变；
(5)曲解文意：利用原文借题发挥，曲解原文意思；
(6)扩缩范围：通过改变或删除文章中的限制性词语，改变信息的准确度。
隐含推断题
[常见设问方式]
设问中含有infer (推断)、suggest (表明)、imply (暗示)、conclude (推断出)等动词。
1．What can we infer/conclude from the passage
2．What does the author suggest/imply...
3．What can we learn about/from...
[解题技巧]
1．定位：读题干，锁定关键信息；适当运用跳读搜集并标划关键信息；
2．分析：以语篇主旨大意和写作角度为基础，根据关键信息，进行有限且有逻辑的推理，不可过度解读；
3．判断：结合同义转述，比对推理结果及选项，确定正确答案。
观点态度题
[常见设问方式]
1．What does...say about...
2．What's the author's/sb.'s attitude towards...
3．What does the author/sb. think of...
4．What is...according to the author
5．What does the author indicate by mentioning...
6．What does the author think of/find...
[解题技巧]
1．定位人物：读题干，明确“谁”的观点和态度。
2．锁定依据：
(1)心理描写；
(2)具有感彩的表达；
(3)表达观点或态度的词、短语及语块；
(4)衬托情感的环境描写；
(5)人物的直接引语或间接引语。
3．两个关注点：
(1)but、however、yet等转折词后，往往是真正的观点；
(2)不要用“己想”代替“作者想”。
4．高频观点态度词汇：
(1)表示支持、肯定、赞同或乐观
favorable(赞同的，有利的)、positive(积极乐观的，肯定的)、approving(赞成的)、supportive(支持的，鼓励的)、appreciative(欣赏的)、concerned(感兴趣的，关注的)、optimistic(乐观的)、acceptable(认同的，可接受的)、reasonable(合理的)、enthusiastic/passionate(热情的)
(2)表示怀疑、反对、批评或悲观
critical(批评的)、negative(消极的，否定的)、disapproving(不赞成的)、doubtful(怀疑的)、disappointed(失望的)、pessimistic(悲观的)、worried(担忧的)、opposed(反对的)、impractical(不切实际的)、radical(激进的)、prejudiced(有偏见的)
(3)表示客观、中立
objective(客观的)、neutral(中立的)、uninterested(不感兴趣的)、unconcerned(无兴趣的，不关心的)、indifferent(漠不关心的)、impartial(公正的，中立的)、ambiguous(模棱两可的)、impersonal(客观的)
写作意图题
[常见设问方式]
1．What is the purpose of the passage
2．Why does the writer use the example of...
3．What is the author's purpose in writing...
4．What does the author want to say by...
5．Why do/does/did sb. do sth.
6．What does the author intend to tell us
7．What is...aimed at
8．What does the passage seem to advocate
[解题技巧]
1．看整篇：根据语篇特征确定主旨大意，推断写作意图。
常见语篇体裁的写作意图：
2．看主旨和结构：在掌握全文主旨的基础上，关联段落大意，在相关段落内联系上下文确定意图或目的。
3．看写作手法：
(1)开头部分：give (an) example(s)(举例子)、list figures(列数字)、ask questions(提问题)，其意图均为to introduce/bring in the topic、 to arouse reader's interest in the topic；
(2)举例子或引言的意图为to support/to show...。
文章出处题/读者对象题
[常见设问方式]
1．Where can the passage be found
2．Where is the passage most probably taken from
3．Which of the following books is the passage most likely selected from
4．In which section of a newspaper may this passage appear
5．Who may the passage be intended for
6．Who are the most possible readers of the passage
[解题技巧]
1．判断依据：根据文章话题、主题和语言，推断文章出处或读者对象，依据语篇文本特征做出判断。
2．高分策略：
语篇特征 文章出处/读者对象
文章前有日期、地点或通讯社名 newspaper；news report
推销新产品，并有促销用语或煽动性语言 advertisement；promotion
出现网址或典型网络用语，如“click here”或图标“ like” website；post；online forum
语篇特征 文章出处/读者对象
介绍景点、艺术馆、博物馆或名胜古迹 travel guide；brochure；guide
时尚、名人或娱乐方面的介绍等 magazine；journal；
entertainment section
科普类(科学原理、科学知识) magazine；science section in a newspaper/magazine；science report
语篇特征 文章出处/读者对象
含有research、researcher(s)、study、finding(s)、experiment等 science report；scientific
paper
文化教育类 education section in a newspaper/magazine
活动介绍和安排(含时间、地点或参与者) notice；announcement
语篇特征 文章出处/读者对象
介绍药品(含针对症状、服药时间、次数及药量等) drug instructions
机器、设备操作步骤、注意事项等 handbook；manual；
directions
介绍或评价书、电影或文艺作品 book/film review；
comment
语篇特征 文章出处/读者对象
介绍营养健康的美食 recipe book; health
magazine; health section in a newspaper/magazine
人物事迹/成就 biography;
autobiography
01
高考群文阅读
(2024·新高考全国卷Ⅱ阅读B)Do you ever get to the train station and realize you forgot to bring something to read Yes, we all have our phones, but many of us still like to go old school and read something printed.
Well, there's a kiosk (小亭) for that.In the San Francisco Bay Area, at least.
“You enter the fare gates (检票口) and you'll see a kiosk that is lit up and it tells you can get a one-minute, a three-minute, or a five-minute story，” says Alicia Trost, the chief communications officer for the San Francisco Bay Area Rapid Transit—known as BART. “You choose which length you want and it gives you a receipt-like short story.”
It's that simple.Riders have printed nearly 20，000 short stories and poems since the program was launched last March.Some are classic short stories, and some are new original works.
Trost also wants to introduce local writers to local riders. “We wanted to do something where we do a call to artists in the Bay Area to submit stories for a contest，” Trost says. “And as of right now, we've received about 120 submissions.The winning stories would go into our kiosk and then you would be a published artist.”
Ridership on transit systems across the country has been down the past half century, so could short stories save transit
Trost thinks so.
“At the end of the day all transit agencies right now are doing everything they can to improve the rider experience.So I absolutely think we will get more riders just because of short stories，” she says.
And you'll never be without something to read.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了旧金山湾区捷运系统根据车站乘客的需求启动阅读亭项目，以便改善乘客的体验。
24．Why did BART start the kiosk program
A.To promote the local culture.
B.To discourage phone use.
C.To meet passengers' needs.
D.To reduce its running costs.
解析：推理判断题。根据前两段内容可推知，为了满足乘客需求，BART启动了阅读亭项目。
√
25．How are the stories categorized in the kiosk
A.By popularity. B．By length.
C.By theme. D．By language.
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“you can get a one-minute，a three-minute，or a five-minute story”和“You choose which length you want”可知，阅读亭里的故事是按长度分类的。
√
26．What has Trost been doing recently
A.Organizing a story contest.
B.Doing a survey of customers.
C.Choosing a print publisher.
D.Conducting interviews with artists.
解析：细节理解题。根据第五段中的“we do a call to artists in the Bay Area to submit stories for a contest”和“we've received about 120 submissions”可知，特罗斯特在组织故事比赛。
√
27．What is Trost's opinion about BART's future
A.It will close down.
B.Its profits will decline.
C.It will expand nationwide.
D.Its ridership will increase.
解析：观点态度题。根据倒数第二段中的“So I absolutely think we will get more riders just because of short stories”可知，特罗斯特完全相信他们会因为短故事收获更多乘客。
√
(2023·新高考全国卷Ⅰ阅读B)When John Todd was a child, he loved to explore the woods around his house, observing how nature solved problems. A dirty stream, for example, often became clear after flowing through plants and along rocks where tiny creatures lived. When he got older, John started to wonder if this process could be used to clean up the messes people were making.
After studying agriculture, medicine, and fisheries in college, John went back to observing nature and asking questions. Why can certain plants trap harmful bacteria (细菌) Which kinds of fish can eat cancer-causing chemicals With the right combination of animals and plants, he figured, maybe he could clean up waste the way nature did. He decided to build what he would later call an eco-machine.
The task John set for himself was to remove harmful substances from some sludge (污泥). First, he constructed a series of clear fiberglass tanks connected to each other. Then he went around to local ponds and streams and brought back some plants and animals. He placed them in the tanks and waited. Little by little, these different kinds of life got used to one another and formed their own ecosystem. After a few weeks, John added the sludge.
He was amazed at the results. The plants and animals in the eco-machine took the sludge as food and began to eat it! Within weeks, it had all been digested, and all that was left was pure water.
Over the years, John has taken on many big jobs. He developed a greenhouse like facility that treated sewage (污水) from 1，600 homes in South Burlington. He also designed an eco-machine to clean canal water in Fuzhou, a city in southeast China.
“Ecological design” is the name John gives to what he does. “Life on Earth is kind of a box of spare parts for the inventor，” he says. “You put organisms in new relationships and observe what's happening. Then you let these new systems develop their own ways to self-repair.”
【解题导语】 本文是一篇记叙文。约翰·托德从小就喜欢观察大自然，并被自然的自净能力折服。大学时期经过专业的学习之后，他通过实验找到了合适的生态组合，发明了“生态设计”，并解决了很多实际的污水净化问题。
24．What can we learn about John from the first two paragraphs
A.He was fond of traveling.
B.He enjoyed being alone.
C.He had an inquiring mind.
D.He longed to be a doctor.
√
解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的“observing how nature solved problems”和“When he got older, John started to wonder...the messes people were making.”及第二段中的“John went back to observing nature...eat cancer-causing chemicals？”可知，约翰是一个喜欢刨根问底、喜欢探索的人。
25．Why did John put the sludge into the tanks
A.To feed the animals.
B.To build an ecosystem.
C.To protect the plants.
D.To test the eco-machine.
解析：推理判断题。根据第三、四段内容可推知，约翰在水箱里放入污泥是为了检验他的生态机器的效果。
√
26．What is the author's purpose in mentioning Fuzhou
A.To review John's research plans.
B.To show an application of John's idea.
C.To compare John's different jobs.
D.To erase doubts about John's invention.
解析：写作意图题。根据第五段中的“Over the years, John has taken on many big jobs.”可推知，本段提及净化福州的运河水是为了举例说明约翰的发明及其理念在实践中的应用。
√
27．What is the basis for John's work
A.Nature can repair itself.
B.Organisms need water to survive.
C.Life on Earth is diverse.
D.Most tiny creatures live in groups.
解析：推理判断题。根据第一段中的“A dirty stream...the messes people were making.”及下文约翰发明的“生态设计”可知，约翰发明的根源就在于自然的自我修复能力。
√
高考必 备词汇 [Text 1]at least至少 light up点亮；照亮 communication n. 通信；交流 classic adj. 经典的 original adj. 原创的 contest n. 比赛 as of 截至……；到……为止 at the end of在……末 agency n. 服务机构 [Text 2]observe v. 观察 substance n. 物质；东西 construct v. 建造 facility n. 设施，设备 digest v. 消化，吸收 erase v. 消除
四六级桥 梁词汇 [Text 1]transit n. 交通 [Text 2]fishery n. 渔业，水产业 sludge n. 污泥；淤泥 organism n. 生物，有机体
合成词、 派生词 [Text 1]published adj. 已发布的 absolutely adv. 绝对地 [Text 2]cancer-causing adj. 致癌的 eco-machine n. 生态包装机械；生态机器 fiberglass n. 玻璃纤维 ecosystem n. 生态系统 greenhouse-like adj. 类似温室的 self-repair v. 自我修复
熟词 生义 [Text 1]work (熟义) n. 工作 (文章义) n. 作品 submission (熟义) n. 提交 (文章义) n. 投稿
[Text 2]figure (熟义) n. 数字 (文章义) v. 认为 place (熟义) n. 地方 (文章义) v. 放置 spare (熟义) adj. 空闲的 (文章义) adj. 备用的
长难句 分析 [Text 1]“You enter the fare gates and you'll see a kiosk that is lit up and it tells you can get a one-minute, a three-minute, or a five-minute story，” says Alicia Trost, the chief communications officer for the San Francisco Bay Area Rapid Transit—known as BART.
长难句 分析 [分析] 引号里面的句子是并列复合句。在后一分句中含有that引导的定语从句和省略that的宾语从句“you can get...story”；“the chief communications...Transit”作Alicia Trost 的同位语，对其身份进行进一步说明；“known as BART”为过去分词短语作后置定语。
[译文] 旧金山湾区快速交通系统(即 BART)的首席通讯官艾丽西亚·特罗斯特说道，“你进入检票口，就会看到一个亮着灯的售货亭，它会告诉你可以获得一分钟、三分钟或五分钟的故事。”
02
当堂即练 精准提升
Ⅰ.挑战地道外刊
题源：https：//www.
Many of us have read The Art Of War but how many of us have truly understood it What does the most influential and important military text have to teach us This is something that we will discuss today but first, we must shed some light on the life of Sun Tzu—The Chinese Strategist who started it all!
To fully comprehend The Art Of War, we must first understand who Sun Tzu was. The thing about Sun Tzu is that his whole existence is covered in mystery. Where did he live Where was he born How did he become so successful How did he die No one truly knows the answers to these questions.
It could be possible that Sun Tzu was born under a different name，and many claim that he was born with the name Sun Wu around 544 BCE. Sun Tzu makes the major appearance of his life as a military strategist for King Ho-Lu, in the state of Wu. Sun Tzu started serving the king around 512 BCE and was also known for many victories and conquests.
Sun Tzu is also known for writing the most influential military text, The Art Of War. According to researchers, he supposedly wrote the texts during the Warring States Period (475 BCE-221 BCE). This was the time when China was divided into seven states that waged war against each other for supremacy.
The Art Of War, translated into French in 1772 and into English in 1905, is one of the world's most famous and influential military texts, and has now turned into a guide for all manner of conflicts. It is recommended by all the famous business experts and even sports coaches.
Why is The Art Of War so influential and helpful Whenever there is a battle within ourselves, or internal/external conflict in an organization, The Art Of War provides the necessary guidelines for victory. Even if the conflict is with one's competition or nature, The Art Of War gives definitive advice on how to approach that conflict and emerge victorious.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章先探讨对《孙子兵法》的理解，然后介绍了孙武充满谜团的生平，及其创作《孙子兵法》的背景，并强调了该书的影响力之大。
1．What is the main reason why Sun Tzu's existence is considered mysterious
A.His true name and identity are unknown.
B.His life was filled with extraordinary accomplishments.
C.His military strategies were too complex to understand.
D.He lived in a time when records were not well-preserved.
√
解析：细节理解题。根据题干信息定位到第二段中的“The thing about Sun Tzu is that his whole existence is covered in mystery...No one truly knows the answers to these questions.”可知，孙武神秘的主要原因是他的真实身份不确定。
2．When did Sun Tzu start serving King Ho-Lu
A.Around 544 BCE.
B.Around 512 BCE.
C.During the Warring States Period.
D.We don't know.
解析：细节理解题。根据题干中的King Ho-Lu定位到第三段中的“Sun Tzu started serving the king around 512 BCE”可知，孙武是在公元前512年开始为吴王阖闾服务的。
√
3．What can we infer from the passage
A.Sun Tzu's birthplace is clear.
B.Sun Tzu's death is known.
C.The Art Of War is only useful in military affairs.
D.The Art Of War is applicable in various conflicts.
解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Whenever there is a battle within ourselves...how to approach that conflict and emerge victorious.”可推知，《孙子兵法》在各种冲突中都能提供指导。
√
4．What is the author's attitude towards The Art Of War
A.Critical. B．Neutral.
C.Positive. D．Negative.
解析：观点态度题。文章对《孙子兵法》进行了详细介绍，强调了其影响力和作用，根据第五段中的“The Art Of War...military texts”和最后一段内容可知，作者对《孙子兵法》持积极肯定的态度。
√
Ⅱ.模拟实战演练
(2024·河南名校联盟联考)What will you do when you feel like a failure Feeling like a failure is part of the human experiences. Treat yourself with kindness and understand that failure does not define you, but it is a stepping stone on your journey. When you're ready, take action and challenge yourself.
As some friends were deeply lost in the world of yoga and mindfulness, I've personally struggled with the feeling of failure, not on the yoga mat, but on the road to my entrepreneurship (创业). It all began several years ago when I threw myself into the business, driven by my passion and a dream.
In the early days, optimism flowed freely, but financial struggles and sleepless nights soon followed. I questioned my decision and felt like the biggest failure. However, every difficulty became a stepping stone towards growth. I learned more from my failures than from my successes, adapting and growing stronger with each obstacle. I reached out to instructors, friends and family, sought advice and slowly saw a ray of hope. One defining moment came when I gained my first long-term coaching partnership. It was a breakthrough, and my hard work paid off. Over the years, I faced many more failures, but I refused to let them define me.
Today, looking back at my journey, I realize that moments of feeling like a failure were essential to my success. They taught me humility, perseverance and the value of hard work. They shaped me into a successful entrepreneur I am today—someone who doesn't fear failure but embraces it as a necessary part of the path to success. As we approach the end of the year of graduation, remember that success is not about avoiding failure, but about how we rise after we fall. Let's support each other on this journey called life. Stay positive, stay inspired and stay true to ourselves.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章通过作者创业的经历告诉读者，不要让失败定义自己，而是要从中学习，然后站起来迎接挑战。
1．What is the function of paragraph 1
A.To give the definition of failure.
B.To list some examples of failure.
C.To introduce the topic of the passage.
D.To stress the importance of experience.
解析：推理判断题。根据第一段内容并结合下文作者陈述自己的创业经历可推知，第一段的作用是引出文章的主题。
√
2．What made the author start a business
A.Internal motivation.
B.Advice from a coach.
C.Family financial crisis.
D.Encouragement from friends.
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“It all began several years ago...driven by my passion and a dream.”可知，作者创业是因为激情和梦想，即内在动力。
√
3．What can be concluded from the author's entrepreneurial experience
A.To teach is to learn.
B.A word spoken is past recalling.
C.Constant dropping wears away a stone.
D.Don't count your chickens before they are hatched.
√
解析：推理判断题。根据第三段中的“In the early days...my hard work paid off.”可知，作者从一次次失败中学习，不懈努力，最终获得了一个长期的合作伙伴。由此可推知，我们可以从作者的创业经历中学到“水滴石穿”的道理。
4．What does the author want to do in the last paragraph
A.Inspire us with his lessons.
B.Persuade us to major in business.
C.Recall the key moments of his entrepreneurship.
D.Advocate avoiding obstacles on the way to success.
解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段内容尤其是“Stay positive, stay inspired and stay true to ourselves.”可推知，作者想用自己创业的经验教训来激励读者。
√
高考必 备词汇 [外刊]military adj. 军事的 shed light on阐明，解释 claim v. 声称 conflict n. 冲突；矛盾 emerge v. 出现，呈现
[模拟] a stepping stone 垫脚石 throw oneself into投身于；热衷于 optimism n. 乐观(主义) essential adj. 极其重要的
四六级 桥梁 词汇 [外刊]strategist n. 战略家 comprehend v. 理解 conquest n. 征服；占领 supremacy n. 霸业；霸权；最大权力 definitive adj. 明确的；最后的；最权威的 [模拟] define v. 定义；确定；解释 mindfulness n. 正念；关心 obstacle n. 阻碍 humility n. 谦虚 perseverance n. 毅力 entrepreneur n. 创业者，企业家 embrace v. 欣然接受
合成词、 派生词 [外刊]influential adj. 有影响力的 supposedly adv. 据说 victorious adj. 胜利的 [模拟] instructor n. 教练；导师 long-term adj. 长期的 partnership n. 合伙关系 breakthrough n. 突破 inspired adj. 受到启发的；有灵感的
熟词 生义 [外刊]around (熟义)prep. 在……周围 (文章义) adv. 大约 wage (熟义) n. 工资 (文章义) v. 发动 [模拟]shape (熟义) n. 形状 (文章义) v. 塑造；影响
长难句 分析 [外刊]This is something that we will discuss today but first, we must shed some light on the life of Sun Tzu—The Chinese Strategist who started it all!
[分析] 本句是but连接的并列复合句。前一分句中含有that引导的定语从句，修饰先行词something；后一分句中含有who引导的定语从句，修饰先行词为The Chinese Strategist。
[译文] 这是我们今天将要讨论的内容，但首先，我们必须对孙子的生平有所了解，他是开创这一切的中国战略家！
长难句 分析 [模拟] As we approach the end of the year of graduation, remember that success is not about avoiding failure, but about how we rise after we fall.
[分析] 本句是复合句。句中As引导时间状语从句；主句中含有that引导的宾语从句和how引导的宾语从句。
[译文] 在我们即将毕业之际，请记住，成功不在于避免失败，而在于我们在跌倒后如何崛起。
题型突破二 巅峰对决的推理判断题——理解逻辑和关联，深入内化
推理判断题是高考阅读理解的核心考点，考查数量仅次于细节理解题。推理判断题考查对抽象含义、深层含义的理解，包括作者的态度、观点、意图等；也包括基于对全文及其逻辑关系的理解而进行推理和判断。因此，这类题目难度较大，容易失分。
1．正确选项
(1)推理要基于原文，勿用“己想”代替“作者想”；
(2)绝对即不对。正确选项中一般不会出现表示绝对概念的词语，如only、never、all、absolutely等；正确选项的表述一般使用有余地和有包容性的词语，如often、generally、usually、sometimes、some、may、might、can、could、probably等。
2．干扰选项
(1)张冠李戴：任意嫁接原文的信息或观点与其他人的信息或观点；
(2)无中生有：借用蛛丝马迹，凭空捏造；
(3)鱼目混珠：符合常识，但不符合文章内容；
(4)偷梁换柱：利用相似的句型结构和单词转换文章中的某一句话，造成句意的改变；
(5)曲解文意：利用原文借题发挥，曲解原文意思；
(6)扩缩范围：通过改变或删除文章中的限制性词语，改变信息的准确度。
隐含推断题
[常见设问方式]
设问中含有infer (推断)、suggest (表明)、imply (暗示)、conclude (推断出)等动词。
1．What can we infer/conclude from the passage
2．What does the author suggest/imply...
3．What can we learn about/from...
[解题技巧]
1．定位：读题干，锁定关键信息；适当运用跳读搜集并标划关键信息；
2．分析：以语篇主旨大意和写作角度为基础，根据关键信息，进行有限且有逻辑的推理，不可过度解读；
3．判断：结合同义转述，比对推理结果及选项，确定正确答案。
观点态度题
[常见设问方式]
1．What does...say about...
2．What's the author's/sb.'s attitude towards...
3．What does the author/sb. think of...
4．What is...according to the author
5．What does the author indicate by mentioning...
6．What does the author think of/find...
[解题技巧]
1．定位人物：读题干，明确“谁”的观点和态度。
2．锁定依据：
(1)心理描写；
(2)具有感彩的表达；
(3)表达观点或态度的词、短语及语块；
(4)衬托情感的环境描写；
(5)人物的直接引语或间接引语。
3．两个关注点：
(1)but、however、yet等转折词后，往往是真正的观点；
(2)不要用“己想”代替“作者想”。
4．高频观点态度词汇：
(1)表示支持、肯定、赞同或乐观
favorable(赞同的，有利的)、positive(积极乐观的，肯定的)、approving(赞成的)、supportive(支持的，鼓励的)、appreciative(欣赏的)、concerned(感兴趣的，关注的)、optimistic(乐观的)、acceptable(认同的，可接受的)、reasonable(合理的)、enthusiastic/passionate(热情的)
(2)表示怀疑、反对、批评或悲观
critical(批评的)、negative(消极的，否定的)、disapproving(不赞成的)、doubtful(怀疑的)、disappointed(失望的)、pessimistic(悲观的)、worried(担忧的)、opposed(反对的)、impractical(不切实际的)、radical(激进的)、prejudiced(有偏见的)
(3)表示客观、中立
objective(客观的)、neutral(中立的)、uninterested(不感兴趣的)、unconcerned(无兴趣的，不关心的)、indifferent(漠不关心的)、impartial(公正的，中立的)、ambiguous(模棱两可的)、impersonal(客观的)
写作意图题
[常见设问方式]
1．What is the purpose of the passage
2．Why does the writer use the example of...
3．What is the author's purpose in writing...
4．What does the author want to say by...
5．Why do/does/did sb. do sth.
6．What does the author intend to tell us
7．What is...aimed at
8．What does the passage seem to advocate
[解题技巧]
1．看整篇：根据语篇特征确定主旨大意，推断写作意图。
常见语篇体裁的写作意图：
2．看主旨和结构：在掌握全文主旨的基础上，关联段落大意，在相关段落内联系上下文确定意图或目的。
3．看写作手法：
(1)开头部分：give (an) example(s)(举例子)、list figures(列数字)、ask questions(提问题)，其意图均为to introduce/bring in the topic、 to arouse reader's interest in the topic；
(2)举例子或引言的意图为to support/to show...。
文章出处题/读者对象题
[常见设问方式]
1．Where can the passage be found
2．Where is the passage most probably taken from
3．Which of the following books is the passage most likely selected from
4．In which section of a newspaper may this passage appear
5．Who may the passage be intended for
6．Who are the most possible readers of the passage
[解题技巧]
1．判断依据：根据文章话题、主题和语言，推断文章出处或读者对象，依据语篇文本特征做出判断。
2．高分策略：
语篇特征 文章出处/读者对象
文章前有日期、地点或通讯社名 newspaper；news report
推销新产品，并有促销用语或煽动性语言 advertisement；promotion
出现网址或典型网络用语，如“click here”或图标“ like” website；post；online forum
语篇特征 文章出处/读者对象
介绍景点、艺术馆、博物馆或名胜古迹 travel guide；brochure；guide
时尚、名人或娱乐方面的介绍等 magazine；journal；
entertainment section
科普类(科学原理、科学知识) magazine；science section in a newspaper/magazine；science report
语篇特征 文章出处/读者对象
含有research、researcher(s)、study、finding(s)、experiment等 science report；scientific
paper
文化教育类 education section in a newspaper/magazine
活动介绍和安排(含时间、地点或参与者) notice；announcement
语篇特征 文章出处/读者对象
介绍药品(含针对症状、服药时间、次数及药量等) drug instructions
机器、设备操作步骤、注意事项等 handbook；manual；
directions
介绍或评价书、电影或文艺作品 book/film review；
comment
语篇特征 文章出处/读者对象
介绍营养健康的美食 recipe book; health
magazine; health section in a newspaper/magazine
人物事迹/成就 biography;
autobiography
01
高考群文阅读
(2024·新高考全国卷Ⅱ阅读B)Do you ever get to the train station and realize you forgot to bring something to read Yes, we all have our phones, but many of us still like to go old school and read something printed.
Well, there's a kiosk (小亭) for that.In the San Francisco Bay Area, at least.
“You enter the fare gates (检票口) and you'll see a kiosk that is lit up and it tells you can get a one-minute, a three-minute, or a five-minute story，” says Alicia Trost, the chief communications officer for the San Francisco Bay Area Rapid Transit—known as BART. “You choose which length you want and it gives you a receipt-like short story.”
It's that simple.Riders have printed nearly 20，000 short stories and poems since the program was launched last March.Some are classic short stories, and some are new original works.
Trost also wants to introduce local writers to local riders. “We wanted to do something where we do a call to artists in the Bay Area to submit stories for a contest，” Trost says. “And as of right now, we've received about 120 submissions.The winning stories would go into our kiosk and then you would be a published artist.”
Ridership on transit systems across the country has been down the past half century, so could short stories save transit
Trost thinks so.
“At the end of the day all transit agencies right now are doing everything they can to improve the rider experience.So I absolutely think we will get more riders just because of short stories，” she says.
And you'll never be without something to read.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了旧金山湾区捷运系统根据车站乘客的需求启动阅读亭项目，以便改善乘客的体验。
24．Why did BART start the kiosk program
A.To promote the local culture.
B.To discourage phone use.
C.To meet passengers' needs.
D.To reduce its running costs.
解析：推理判断题。根据前两段内容可推知，为了满足乘客需求，BART启动了阅读亭项目。
√
25．How are the stories categorized in the kiosk
A.By popularity. B．By length.
C.By theme. D．By language.
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“you can get a one-minute，a three-minute，or a five-minute story”和“You choose which length you want”可知，阅读亭里的故事是按长度分类的。
√
26．What has Trost been doing recently
A.Organizing a story contest.
B.Doing a survey of customers.
C.Choosing a print publisher.
D.Conducting interviews with artists.
解析：细节理解题。根据第五段中的“we do a call to artists in the Bay Area to submit stories for a contest”和“we've received about 120 submissions”可知，特罗斯特在组织故事比赛。
√
27．What is Trost's opinion about BART's future
A.It will close down.
B.Its profits will decline.
C.It will expand nationwide.
D.Its ridership will increase.
解析：观点态度题。根据倒数第二段中的“So I absolutely think we will get more riders just because of short stories”可知，特罗斯特完全相信他们会因为短故事收获更多乘客。
√
(2023·新高考全国卷Ⅰ阅读B)When John Todd was a child, he loved to explore the woods around his house, observing how nature solved problems. A dirty stream, for example, often became clear after flowing through plants and along rocks where tiny creatures lived. When he got older, John started to wonder if this process could be used to clean up the messes people were making.
After studying agriculture, medicine, and fisheries in college, John went back to observing nature and asking questions. Why can certain plants trap harmful bacteria (细菌) Which kinds of fish can eat cancer-causing chemicals With the right combination of animals and plants, he figured, maybe he could clean up waste the way nature did. He decided to build what he would later call an eco-machine.
The task John set for himself was to remove harmful substances from some sludge (污泥). First, he constructed a series of clear fiberglass tanks connected to each other. Then he went around to local ponds and streams and brought back some plants and animals. He placed them in the tanks and waited. Little by little, these different kinds of life got used to one another and formed their own ecosystem. After a few weeks, John added the sludge.
He was amazed at the results. The plants and animals in the eco-machine took the sludge as food and began to eat it! Within weeks, it had all been digested, and all that was left was pure water.
Over the years, John has taken on many big jobs. He developed a greenhouse like facility that treated sewage (污水) from 1，600 homes in South Burlington. He also designed an eco-machine to clean canal water in Fuzhou, a city in southeast China.
“Ecological design” is the name John gives to what he does. “Life on Earth is kind of a box of spare parts for the inventor，” he says. “You put organisms in new relationships and observe what's happening. Then you let these new systems develop their own ways to self-repair.”
【解题导语】 本文是一篇记叙文。约翰·托德从小就喜欢观察大自然，并被自然的自净能力折服。大学时期经过专业的学习之后，他通过实验找到了合适的生态组合，发明了“生态设计”，并解决了很多实际的污水净化问题。
24．What can we learn about John from the first two paragraphs
A.He was fond of traveling.
B.He enjoyed being alone.
C.He had an inquiring mind.
D.He longed to be a doctor.
√
解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的“observing how nature solved problems”和“When he got older, John started to wonder...the messes people were making.”及第二段中的“John went back to observing nature...eat cancer-causing chemicals？”可知，约翰是一个喜欢刨根问底、喜欢探索的人。
25．Why did John put the sludge into the tanks
A.To feed the animals.
B.To build an ecosystem.
C.To protect the plants.
D.To test the eco-machine.
解析：推理判断题。根据第三、四段内容可推知，约翰在水箱里放入污泥是为了检验他的生态机器的效果。
√
26．What is the author's purpose in mentioning Fuzhou
A.To review John's research plans.
B.To show an application of John's idea.
C.To compare John's different jobs.
D.To erase doubts about John's invention.
解析：写作意图题。根据第五段中的“Over the years, John has taken on many big jobs.”可推知，本段提及净化福州的运河水是为了举例说明约翰的发明及其理念在实践中的应用。
√
27．What is the basis for John's work
A.Nature can repair itself.
B.Organisms need water to survive.
C.Life on Earth is diverse.
D.Most tiny creatures live in groups.
解析：推理判断题。根据第一段中的“A dirty stream...the messes people were making.”及下文约翰发明的“生态设计”可知，约翰发明的根源就在于自然的自我修复能力。
√
高考必 备词汇 [Text 1]at least至少 light up点亮；照亮 communication n. 通信；交流 classic adj. 经典的 original adj. 原创的 contest n. 比赛 as of 截至……；到……为止 at the end of在……末 agency n. 服务机构 [Text 2]observe v. 观察 substance n. 物质；东西 construct v. 建造 facility n. 设施，设备 digest v. 消化，吸收 erase v. 消除
四六级桥 梁词汇 [Text 1]transit n. 交通 [Text 2]fishery n. 渔业，水产业 sludge n. 污泥；淤泥 organism n. 生物，有机体
合成词、 派生词 [Text 1]published adj. 已发布的 absolutely adv. 绝对地 [Text 2]cancer-causing adj. 致癌的 eco-machine n. 生态包装机械；生态机器 fiberglass n. 玻璃纤维 ecosystem n. 生态系统 greenhouse-like adj. 类似温室的 self-repair v. 自我修复
熟词 生义 [Text 1]work (熟义) n. 工作 (文章义) n. 作品 submission (熟义) n. 提交 (文章义) n. 投稿
[Text 2]figure (熟义) n. 数字 (文章义) v. 认为 place (熟义) n. 地方 (文章义) v. 放置 spare (熟义) adj. 空闲的 (文章义) adj. 备用的
长难句 分析 [Text 1]“You enter the fare gates and you'll see a kiosk that is lit up and it tells you can get a one-minute, a three-minute, or a five-minute story，” says Alicia Trost, the chief communications officer for the San Francisco Bay Area Rapid Transit—known as BART.
长难句 分析 [分析] 引号里面的句子是并列复合句。在后一分句中含有that引导的定语从句和省略that的宾语从句“you can get...story”；“the chief communications...Transit”作Alicia Trost 的同位语，对其身份进行进一步说明；“known as BART”为过去分词短语作后置定语。
[译文] 旧金山湾区快速交通系统(即 BART)的首席通讯官艾丽西亚·特罗斯特说道，“你进入检票口，就会看到一个亮着灯的售货亭，它会告诉你可以获得一分钟、三分钟或五分钟的故事。”
02
当堂即练 精准提升
Ⅰ.挑战地道外刊
题源：https：//www.
Many of us have read The Art Of War but how many of us have truly understood it What does the most influential and important military text have to teach us This is something that we will discuss today but first, we must shed some light on the life of Sun Tzu—The Chinese Strategist who started it all!
To fully comprehend The Art Of War, we must first understand who Sun Tzu was. The thing about Sun Tzu is that his whole existence is covered in mystery. Where did he live Where was he born How did he become so successful How did he die No one truly knows the answers to these questions.
It could be possible that Sun Tzu was born under a different name，and many claim that he was born with the name Sun Wu around 544 BCE. Sun Tzu makes the major appearance of his life as a military strategist for King Ho-Lu, in the state of Wu. Sun Tzu started serving the king around 512 BCE and was also known for many victories and conquests.
Sun Tzu is also known for writing the most influential military text, The Art Of War. According to researchers, he supposedly wrote the texts during the Warring States Period (475 BCE-221 BCE). This was the time when China was divided into seven states that waged war against each other for supremacy.
The Art Of War, translated into French in 1772 and into English in 1905, is one of the world's most famous and influential military texts, and has now turned into a guide for all manner of conflicts. It is recommended by all the famous business experts and even sports coaches.
Why is The Art Of War so influential and helpful Whenever there is a battle within ourselves, or internal/external conflict in an organization, The Art Of War provides the necessary guidelines for victory. Even if the conflict is with one's competition or nature, The Art Of War gives definitive advice on how to approach that conflict and emerge victorious.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章先探讨对《孙子兵法》的理解，然后介绍了孙武充满谜团的生平，及其创作《孙子兵法》的背景，并强调了该书的影响力之大。
1．What is the main reason why Sun Tzu's existence is considered mysterious
A.His true name and identity are unknown.
B.His life was filled with extraordinary accomplishments.
C.His military strategies were too complex to understand.
D.He lived in a time when records were not well-preserved.
√
解析：细节理解题。根据题干信息定位到第二段中的“The thing about Sun Tzu is that his whole existence is covered in mystery...No one truly knows the answers to these questions.”可知，孙武神秘的主要原因是他的真实身份不确定。
2．When did Sun Tzu start serving King Ho-Lu
A.Around 544 BCE.
B.Around 512 BCE.
C.During the Warring States Period.
D.We don't know.
解析：细节理解题。根据题干中的King Ho-Lu定位到第三段中的“Sun Tzu started serving the king around 512 BCE”可知，孙武是在公元前512年开始为吴王阖闾服务的。
√
3．What can we infer from the passage
A.Sun Tzu's birthplace is clear.
B.Sun Tzu's death is known.
C.The Art Of War is only useful in military affairs.
D.The Art Of War is applicable in various conflicts.
解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Whenever there is a battle within ourselves...how to approach that conflict and emerge victorious.”可推知，《孙子兵法》在各种冲突中都能提供指导。
√
4．What is the author's attitude towards The Art Of War
A.Critical. B．Neutral.
C.Positive. D．Negative.
解析：观点态度题。文章对《孙子兵法》进行了详细介绍，强调了其影响力和作用，根据第五段中的“The Art Of War...military texts”和最后一段内容可知，作者对《孙子兵法》持积极肯定的态度。
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Ⅱ.模拟实战演练
(2024·河南名校联盟联考)What will you do when you feel like a failure Feeling like a failure is part of the human experiences. Treat yourself with kindness and understand that failure does not define you, but it is a stepping stone on your journey. When you're ready, take action and challenge yourself.
As some friends were deeply lost in the world of yoga and mindfulness, I've personally struggled with the feeling of failure, not on the yoga mat, but on the road to my entrepreneurship (创业). It all began several years ago when I threw myself into the business, driven by my passion and a dream.
In the early days, optimism flowed freely, but financial struggles and sleepless nights soon followed. I questioned my decision and felt like the biggest failure. However, every difficulty became a stepping stone towards growth. I learned more from my failures than from my successes, adapting and growing stronger with each obstacle. I reached out to instructors, friends and family, sought advice and slowly saw a ray of hope. One defining moment came when I gained my first long-term coaching partnership. It was a breakthrough, and my hard work paid off. Over the years, I faced many more failures, but I refused to let them define me.
Today, looking back at my journey, I realize that moments of feeling like a failure were essential to my success. They taught me humility, perseverance and the value of hard work. They shaped me into a successful entrepreneur I am today—someone who doesn't fear failure but embraces it as a necessary part of the path to success. As we approach the end of the year of graduation, remember that success is not about avoiding failure, but about how we rise after we fall. Let's support each other on this journey called life. Stay positive, stay inspired and stay true to ourselves.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章通过作者创业的经历告诉读者，不要让失败定义自己，而是要从中学习，然后站起来迎接挑战。
1．What is the function of paragraph 1
A.To give the definition of failure.
B.To list some examples of failure.
C.To introduce the topic of the passage.
D.To stress the importance of experience.
解析：推理判断题。根据第一段内容并结合下文作者陈述自己的创业经历可推知，第一段的作用是引出文章的主题。
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2．What made the author start a business
A.Internal motivation.
B.Advice from a coach.
C.Family financial crisis.
D.Encouragement from friends.
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“It all began several years ago...driven by my passion and a dream.”可知，作者创业是因为激情和梦想，即内在动力。
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3．What can be concluded from the author's entrepreneurial experience
A.To teach is to learn.
B.A word spoken is past recalling.
C.Constant dropping wears away a stone.
D.Don't count your chickens before they are hatched.
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解析：推理判断题。根据第三段中的“In the early days...my hard work paid off.”可知，作者从一次次失败中学习，不懈努力，最终获得了一个长期的合作伙伴。由此可推知，我们可以从作者的创业经历中学到“水滴石穿”的道理。
4．What does the author want to do in the last paragraph
A.Inspire us with his lessons.
B.Persuade us to major in business.
C.Recall the key moments of his entrepreneurship.
D.Advocate avoiding obstacles on the way to success.
解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段内容尤其是“Stay positive, stay inspired and stay true to ourselves.”可推知，作者想用自己创业的经验教训来激励读者。
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高考必 备词汇 [外刊]military adj. 军事的 shed light on阐明，解释 claim v. 声称 conflict n. 冲突；矛盾 emerge v. 出现，呈现
[模拟] a stepping stone 垫脚石 throw oneself into投身于；热衷于 optimism n. 乐观(主义) essential adj. 极其重要的
四六级 桥梁 词汇 [外刊]strategist n. 战略家 comprehend v. 理解 conquest n. 征服；占领 supremacy n. 霸业；霸权；最大权力 definitive adj. 明确的；最后的；最权威的 [模拟] define v. 定义；确定；解释 mindfulness n. 正念；关心 obstacle n. 阻碍 humility n. 谦虚 perseverance n. 毅力 entrepreneur n. 创业者，企业家 embrace v. 欣然接受
合成词、 派生词 [外刊]influential adj. 有影响力的 supposedly adv. 据说 victorious adj. 胜利的 [模拟] instructor n. 教练；导师 long-term adj. 长期的 partnership n. 合伙关系 breakthrough n. 突破 inspired adj. 受到启发的；有灵感的
熟词 生义 [外刊]around (熟义)prep. 在……周围 (文章义) adv. 大约 wage (熟义) n. 工资 (文章义) v. 发动 [模拟]shape (熟义) n. 形状 (文章义) v. 塑造；影响
长难句 分析 [外刊]This is something that we will discuss today but first, we must shed some light on the life of Sun Tzu—The Chinese Strategist who started it all!
[分析] 本句是but连接的并列复合句。前一分句中含有that引导的定语从句，修饰先行词something；后一分句中含有who引导的定语从句，修饰先行词为The Chinese Strategist。
[译文] 这是我们今天将要讨论的内容，但首先，我们必须对孙子的生平有所了解，他是开创这一切的中国战略家！
长难句 分析 [模拟] As we approach the end of the year of graduation, remember that success is not about avoiding failure, but about how we rise after we fall.
[分析] 本句是复合句。句中As引导时间状语从句；主句中含有that引导的宾语从句和how引导的宾语从句。
[译文] 在我们即将毕业之际，请记住，成功不在于避免失败，而在于我们在跌倒后如何崛起。