2026版《决胜蓝图》专题一 题型篇 2 题型突破二 专题强化训练（课件）英语高考大二轮专题复习
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| 名称 | 2026版《决胜蓝图》专题一 题型篇 2 题型突破二 专题强化训练（课件）英语高考大二轮专题复习 |
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| 格式 | pptx | ||
| 文件大小 | 3.6MB | ||
| 资源类型 | 试卷 | ||
| 版本资源 | 通用版 | ||
| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2026-03-19 00:00:00 | ||
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专题强化训练
专题强化训练7 推理判断题
题源：https：//www.topschooljobs.org
For decades, the cover letter has been considered a
requisite part of any job application. In just one page, it
can provide information about an applicant beyond the resume's brief, and it might highlight a specific passion or specialized skills that could launch a job candidate to the top of the short list of applications pulled for an interview.
But the cover letter's significance appears to be decreasing both inside and outside of education. The widespread introduction of artificial intelligence, and the near-universal use of online job submission platforms—all of which have had an impact on the way recruiters (招聘人员) evaluate job applications. Does this mean that job seekers can give up writing a cover letter to submit with their application in this coming recruitment season
However, it's not that straightforward. Whether or not to submit a cover letter appears to depend on a lot of factors—from the job you're applying for, to the application process, to whom you ask.
Yvette Lee, knowledge adviser for the Society for Human Resource Management, believes that the job market with plentiful openings but limited applicants speeded up the cover letter's extinction. “Dropping the cover letter requirement is one way to streamline the application process and get more people in the door quickly，” Lee said.
Glenda Henkel, associate director for career education at Towson University, which produces many of Maryland's teachers, agrees. She said, “The need for teachers has been so great that our students are being recruited so immediately and directly—they're getting interviews and offers before they even finish their teaching internships. For entry-level teachers-in-training applying to a school district through a centralized system, a cover letter generally is not expected or required.”
Alex Moseman, Knox County's executive director of human resources talent acquisition, said the district received 100 percent of its job applications online. And while candidates have an opportunity to upload a cover letter, there's no specific prompt to do so. But, Moseman said, many first-time teachers did voluntarily submit one. Sixty to seventy percent of first time teachers coming straight from undergraduate programs submit a cover letter, compared with only 10 to 15 percent of more experienced teachers.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。求职信曾是求职必备，如今其地位却有所下降。本文分析了求职信的重要性下降的原因。
1．What can a cover letter do for a job applicant
A.It can replace the resume.
B.It can help the applicant stand out.
C.It is only required for experienced applicants.
D.It is always longer than the resume.
解析：细节理解题。根据题干信息定位到第一段中的“In just one page...launch a job candidate to the top of the short list of applications pulled for an interview.”可知，求职信可以帮助求职者脱颖而出。
√
2．What can we infer from the passage
A.Cover letters will definitely disappear in the future.
B.Experienced teachers always submit cover letters.
C.The application process is the same for all jobs.
D.The importance of cover letters may vary depending on circumstances.
解析：推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Whether or not to submit a cover letter appears to depend on a lot of factors...to whom you ask.”可知，求职信的重要性可能因情况而异。
√
3．According to the passage, who believes the cover letter's extinction is accelerated by the job market
A.Alex Moseman.
B.Glenda Henkel.
C.Yvette Lee.
D.Unspecified in the passage.
√
解析：细节理解题。根据题干信息定位到第四段中的“Yvette Lee...believes that the job market with plentiful openings but limited applicants speeded up the cover letter's extinction.”可知，伊薇特·李认为就业市场加速了求职信的消亡。
4．What is the author's purpose in writing this passage
A.To argue for the importance of cover letters.
B.To discuss the future of job applications.
C.To analyze the reasons for the decline of cover letters.
D.To provide advice on writing cover letters.
解析：写作意图题。文章介绍了求职信重要性有所下降并分析了原因，如人工智能的广泛引入、在线求职平台的普遍使用以及就业市场的情况等。
√
For decades, the cover letter 1. ________________________ (consider) a requisite part of any job application. In just one page, it can provide information about 2. ________applicant beyond the resume's brief, and 3. ________might highlight a specific passion or specialized skills that could launch a job candidate to the top of the short list of applications 4. ________ (pull) for an interview.
has been considered
an
it
pulled
But the cover letter's 5. ________________ (significant) appears to be decreasing both inside and outside of education. The widespread introduction of artificial intelligence, and the near-universal use of online job submission platforms—all of 6. ________ have had an impact on the way recruiters evaluate job applications. Does this mean that job seekers can give up 7. ________ (write) a cover letter to submit with their application in this coming recruitment season
significance
which
writing
However, it's not that straightforward. Whether or not 8. __________ (submit) a cover letter appears to depend on a lot of 9. ________ (factor)—from the job you're applying 10.________, to the application process, to whom you ask.
to submit
factors
for
A
(2024·河南部分市质检) Waterways are important for every country around the world. They provide not only water for everyday use but also routes for transport. However, due to industrial activity, many of them are now polluted.
Dakota Perry from the US has experienced water pollution first-hand. The 15-year-old high school girl told Alabama Local News that she spends a lot of time going on boat rides with her dad on the river behind their house. However, the river has become littered with plastic bags, bottles and cups. Perry wanted to clean up the water so she could continue to enjoy the river. So, with the help of her father, she designed a system to collect and remove rubbish in waterways.
In May, Perry put forward her solution at the Regeneron International Science and Engineering Fair held in Georgia, US, and received a Judge's Award from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration for her project.
According to the Science News for Students website, her system was inspired by the Dutch Great Bubble Barrier in Amsterdam, which creates a flow of bubbles that trap waste and directs it to a catchment system. But Perry tried to challenge herself and make her system more environment-friendly. She planned to create a curtain of bubbles that stretched the river diagonally (对角地). The curtain would stop the floating rubbish and then push it toward the shore. Once there, a conveyor run by a solar-powered battery would carry the waste to a dustbin.
In her backyard pool, Perry used an air compressor (压缩机) to send air through a pipe full of holes to create a stream of bubbles. She experimented with different amounts of pressure to make sure there would be enough bubbles to form a full curtain. “For the bubble system to actually work and collect rubbish，” she explained to Science News for Students, “I have to know how much pressure the air compressor is supposed to push out.”
After she tested her system for collecting rubbish, Perry found that it worked better than expected. Next, she plans to work out how to use the power of the river to run the air compressor.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了高中生达科塔·佩里设计的垃圾收集系统。
1．What motivated Perry to design a rubbish-collecting system
A.Her father's encouragement.
B.Her desire to protect a nearby river.
C.A visit to a science and engineering fair.
D.An invention of a Dutch high school student.
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Perry wanted to clean up...rubbish in waterways.”可知，保护附近河流的愿望促使佩里设计了一个垃圾收集系统。
√
2．What can we know about the rubbish-collecting system
A.It was designed by Perry alone.
B.It makes power to run the air compressor.
C.It collects solar energy to remove rubbish.
D.It creates a bubble curtain to block rubbish.
解析：细节理解题。根据第四段中的“her system was inspired...directs it to a catchment system”可知，垃圾收集系统通过产生一个气泡幕来阻挡垃圾。
√
3．What is paragraph 5 mainly about
A.Advantages of the system.
B.The way of testing the system.
C.The improvement on the system.
D.Challenges in the design process.
解析：段落大意题。通读第五段内容可知，本段介绍了佩里测试系统的方式。
√
4．What kind of person is Perry
A.Efficient and ambitious.
B.Helpful and hardworking.
C.Responsible and creative.
D.Professional and adventurous.
解析：推理判断题。通读全文可知，佩里为保护河流发明设计了垃圾收集系统，由此可推知，佩里既有责任心又有创造力。
√
B
(2024·长沙一模)Most birds, in particular, exhibit some
degree of patterns and colours. Australia's zebra
finch (斑胸草雀), for example, was so named because of the zebra-like black and white bars on its tail. But it also has many other colours and patterns, from a bright orange bill to fine white spots along its reddish-brown sides. It's not uncommon to spot the bird in the drier parts of Australia.
We tend to suppose all individuals of that species have their spots and bars in the same places. Look closer yet we'll see that the quantity and design of these patterns vary between individuals. And somehow a bird exhibits a more obvious feather variation. Occasionally, we see one that has larger than usual pale areas of feathers or, more rarely, has lost its normal patterning altogether.
Colouration and patterning in all animals are caused by a range of pigments (色素). Melanin (黑色素) is responsible for blacks and browns, and a lack of this pigment can cause a partial or total loss of an individual's dark patterning. The two main terms that describe these abnormalities are albinism and leucism. Both conditions are genetic and both can lead to a very similar physical appearance. Leucism, however, causes a lack of the pigment cells that produce melanin. But albinism causes the production of melanin to be reduced or absent.
Can we distinguish between the two conditions without the help of a cellular biologist Yes. Albino animals have fully unpigmented red eyes. Leucistic animals, on the other hand, never completely lose pigment from the eye, although they can have blue eyes due to a partial loss of pigment.
Why don't we see more albino or leucistic birds Because the lack of melanin reduces the strength and lastingness of the affected birds' feathers, making them more easily broken. Additionally, the birds' vision and hearing are negatively affected, making them less able to hunt. The brighter feathers and lack of patterning also make them easier for attackers to see.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了澳大利亚斑胸草雀的颜色和图案，以及色素缺失对鸟类的影响。
5．What can we learn about Australia's zebra finch
A.It is one of the rarest birds in Australia.
B.It is mostly covered with bright orange feathers.
C.It acquires its name from its tail colours and patterns.
D.It has the same spots and bars in the same places.
解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Australia's zebra finch, for example, was so named because of the zebra like black and white bars on its tail.”可知，斑胸草雀因其尾部的颜色和图案而得名。
√
6．How is the third paragraph developed
A.By giving explanations.
B.By presenting opinions.
C.By setting assumptions.
D.By drawing conclusions.
解析：推理判断题。根据第三段内容可知，第三段主要解释了色素对动物颜色和图案的影响，以及白化病和白变的区别。因此，这一段是通过给出解释来发展的。
√
7．What can a lack of melanin lead to
A.Total loss of patterns.
B.Genetically-born abnormalities.
C.Darkened feathers.
D.Abnormal formation of wings.
解析：推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Melanin is responsible for blacks and browns...can lead to a very similar physical appearance.”可知，黑色素缺乏会导致遗传异常。
√
8．Which of the following correctly describes albino or leucistic birds
A.They have quite good hearing.
B.They have completely red eyes.
C.They have excellent hunting skills.
D.They have easily broken feathers.
解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“Because the lack of melanin...making them more easily broken.”可知，白变或白化症的鸟类的羽毛更容易断裂。
√
C
(2024·广州三模)Do you know cultivated meat Typically,
making this sort of meat starts with cells from domestic
animals. The cells are grown in bioreactors full of nutrient-rich liquid, and then harvested, and eventually become products such as steak or chicken. In a homely kitchen of a startup, a slice of such meat was fried and then served with peppers. The first mouthful of it was extraordinary because the meat was grown in a lab, rather than on an animal. Meanwhile, it was also dull, because the texture, taste, look and smell of the meat were almost identical to those of chicken.
In June, two companies won regulatory approval to sell cultivated meat in America. A handful of other firms are trying to bring cultivated meat to market. But the hope is fading owing to continued high costs and troubles with mass production.
The UN reports meat and dairy production already accounts for 12% of humanity's greenhouse-gas emissions. Demand for meat is skyrocketing among the growing middle classes of Africa and Asia. Lab－grown meat could help meet that demand without the world breaking its carbon budget. By contrast, two-fifths of Americans claim to restrict their meat consumption either for ethical (伦理的) reasons or environmental ones. Lab－grown meat may seem less ethically worrisome than eating animals. And the early success of plant－based meat alternatives gave investors hope. One such firm went public in 2019, and saw its value shoot to $14 billion.
Though lab-grown meat offers an alternative to farm－grown meat, questions have been raised about how climate-friendly it can be. A study published earlier this year found that in some circumstances cultivated meat could be more polluting than the conventional stuff because the bioreactor is in great need of power to control its temperature. Consequently, only if renewable energy is used in the production process will cultivated meat cut the carbon footprint of the meat industry.
Whether this effort can make lab－grown meat attractive and cheap enough to attract consumers remains to be seen.
【解题导语】 本文一篇说明文。文章介绍了人造肉的特征以及巨大的消费市场，但与此同时，人造肉也可能对环境造成一定的负面影响。
9．What does the author focus on in paragraph 1
A.Characteristics of cultivated meat.
B.Health benefits of cultivated meat.
C.Cooking methods of cultivated meat.
D.Similarities of cultivated meat to animal meat.
解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的“The cells are grown in bioreactors...look and smell of the meat were almost identical to those of chicken.”可知，在第一段中，作者关注的是人造肉的特征。
√
10．What can we infer from paragraph 3
A.Most Americans tend to skip meat.
B.Asians prefer lab-grown meat.
C.Plant－based meat companies are facing financial collapse.
D.Cultivated meat may have a growing market.
解析：推理判断题。根据第三段中的“And the early success... and saw its value shoot to $14 billion.”可推知，人造肉可能有不断增长的消费市场。
√
11．How can the lab-grown meat industry probably pollute the environment
A.Demand for a good climate.
B.Occupy more land.
C.Cause more greenhouse-gas emissions.
D.Use conventional bioreactors.
解析：推理判断题。根据第四段中的“A study published...cut the carbon footprint of the meat industry.”可推知，人造肉产业可能会排放更多的温室气体，从而破坏环境。
√
12．What's the author's attitude to lab-grown meat
A.Opposed. B．Favorable.
C.Uncaring. D．Reserved.
解析：观点态度题。根据最后一段内容可推知，作者对人造肉持保守态度。
√
高考必 备词汇 [外刊]highlight v. 突出；强调 passion n. 激情 specialized adj. 专用的；专门的 candidate n. 申请人；候选人 significance n. 重要性 speed up加速 extinction n. 灭亡 [A篇]route n. 路线 be/become littered with 遍布…… put forward 提出 stretch v. 拉长；伸展 work out 解决；计算
高考必 备词汇 [B篇]in particular特别；尤其 tail n. 尾巴 individual n. 个体；个人 variation n. 变化；变更；变种 pale adj. 灰白的 a range of 一系列 distinguish v. 区分；辨别 affected adj. 受到影响的
[C篇]harvest v. 收获；采集 a slice of 一片(份)…… extraordinary adj. 不平常的；不一般的 identical adj. 相同的 account for占比 by contrast相比之下 go public公之于世；公开 in some circumstances在某些情况下 conventional adj. 传统的
四六级 桥梁 词汇 [外刊]requisite adj. 必需的；必备的 resume n. 简历 streamline v. 精简使效率更高 internship n. 实习期 acquisition n. 获得；得到 prompt n. 提示 undergraduate n. 大学本科生 [A篇]bubble n. 气泡 catchment n. 流域；集水 conveyor n. 运送者；传达者
四六级 桥梁 词汇 [B篇]patterning n. 排列；造型 colouration n. 自然色彩，自然花纹 partial adj. 部分的 genetic adj. 基因的
[C篇]cultivated adj. 培植的 bioreactor n. 生物反应器 homely adj. 简朴的 startup n. 新兴公司 texture n. 质地 regulatory adj. 监管的 fade v. 逐渐消失 humanity n. 人；人类 skyrocket v. 飞涨 worrisome adj. 令人担忧的 renewable adj. 可再生的；可恢复的 footprint n. 足迹
合成词、 派生词 [外刊]application n. 申请书 near-universal adj. 几乎所有的 straightforward adj. 简单的 plentiful adj. 大量的；充足的 entry-level adj. 入门的；初级的 centralized adj. 集中的 [A篇]first-hand adj. 第一手的；直接的 environment-friendly adj. 环境友好的 solar-powered adj. 太阳能的
合成词、 派生词 [B篇]zebra-like adj. 似斑马的 reddish-brown adj. 红棕色的 occasionally adv. 偶尔；有时候 abnormality n. 不正常；反常 lastingness n. 持久性 attacker n. 攻击者；袭击者
[C篇]typically adv. 通常 nutrient-rich adj. 营养丰富的 climate-friendly adj. 对气候友好的；环保的 consequently adv. 因此；所以
熟词 生义 [外刊]brief (熟义) adj. 简单的 (文章义) n. 概要；摘要 pull (熟义) v. 拉 (文章义) v. 选出；挑出 associate (熟义) v. 联系 (文章义) adj. 副的 [A篇]run (熟义) v. 跑 (文章义) v. 运行；操作 stream (熟义) n. 小溪 (文章义) n. 一连串
[B篇]bill (熟义) n．账单 (文章义) n. 鸟嘴 fine (熟义) adj. 好的 (文章义) adj. 细小的 [C篇]domestic (熟义) adj. 国内的 (文章义) adj. 驯养的 shoot (熟义) v. 射击 (文章义) v. 猛增；急升
长难句 分析 [外刊]In just one page, it can provide information about an applicant beyond the resume's brief, and it might highlight a specific passion or specialized skills that could launch a job candidate to the top of the short list of applications pulled for an interview.
[分析] 本句是and连接的并列复合句。在前一分句中，beyond the resume's brief是介词短语作后置定语，修饰information；在后一分句中，that引导定语从句，修饰先行词passion or specialized skills；pulled for an interview是过去分词短语作后置定语。
长难句 分析 [译文] 在短短一页纸中，它(求职信)可以提供简历上的简介之外的关于求职者的信息，并且可能突出特定的热情或专业技能，这些能够使求职者在为面试而挑选出的申请短名单中脱颖而出。
长难句 分析 [C篇]A study published earlier this year found that in some circumstances cultivated meat could be more polluting than the conventional stuff because the bioreactor is in great need of power to control its temperature.
[分析] 本句是复合句。句中过去分词短语“published earlier...”作后置定语，修饰A study；that引导宾语从句，其中含有because引导的原因状语从句。动词不定式短语to control its temperature作目的状语。
长难句 分析 [译文] 今年早些时候发表的一项研究发现，在某些情况下，人造肉可能比传统肉类更具污染性，因为生物反应器非常需要能量来控制其温度。
专题强化训练
专题强化训练7 推理判断题
题源：https：//www.topschooljobs.org
For decades, the cover letter has been considered a
requisite part of any job application. In just one page, it
can provide information about an applicant beyond the resume's brief, and it might highlight a specific passion or specialized skills that could launch a job candidate to the top of the short list of applications pulled for an interview.
But the cover letter's significance appears to be decreasing both inside and outside of education. The widespread introduction of artificial intelligence, and the near-universal use of online job submission platforms—all of which have had an impact on the way recruiters (招聘人员) evaluate job applications. Does this mean that job seekers can give up writing a cover letter to submit with their application in this coming recruitment season
However, it's not that straightforward. Whether or not to submit a cover letter appears to depend on a lot of factors—from the job you're applying for, to the application process, to whom you ask.
Yvette Lee, knowledge adviser for the Society for Human Resource Management, believes that the job market with plentiful openings but limited applicants speeded up the cover letter's extinction. “Dropping the cover letter requirement is one way to streamline the application process and get more people in the door quickly，” Lee said.
Glenda Henkel, associate director for career education at Towson University, which produces many of Maryland's teachers, agrees. She said, “The need for teachers has been so great that our students are being recruited so immediately and directly—they're getting interviews and offers before they even finish their teaching internships. For entry-level teachers-in-training applying to a school district through a centralized system, a cover letter generally is not expected or required.”
Alex Moseman, Knox County's executive director of human resources talent acquisition, said the district received 100 percent of its job applications online. And while candidates have an opportunity to upload a cover letter, there's no specific prompt to do so. But, Moseman said, many first-time teachers did voluntarily submit one. Sixty to seventy percent of first time teachers coming straight from undergraduate programs submit a cover letter, compared with only 10 to 15 percent of more experienced teachers.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。求职信曾是求职必备，如今其地位却有所下降。本文分析了求职信的重要性下降的原因。
1．What can a cover letter do for a job applicant
A.It can replace the resume.
B.It can help the applicant stand out.
C.It is only required for experienced applicants.
D.It is always longer than the resume.
解析：细节理解题。根据题干信息定位到第一段中的“In just one page...launch a job candidate to the top of the short list of applications pulled for an interview.”可知，求职信可以帮助求职者脱颖而出。
√
2．What can we infer from the passage
A.Cover letters will definitely disappear in the future.
B.Experienced teachers always submit cover letters.
C.The application process is the same for all jobs.
D.The importance of cover letters may vary depending on circumstances.
解析：推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Whether or not to submit a cover letter appears to depend on a lot of factors...to whom you ask.”可知，求职信的重要性可能因情况而异。
√
3．According to the passage, who believes the cover letter's extinction is accelerated by the job market
A.Alex Moseman.
B.Glenda Henkel.
C.Yvette Lee.
D.Unspecified in the passage.
√
解析：细节理解题。根据题干信息定位到第四段中的“Yvette Lee...believes that the job market with plentiful openings but limited applicants speeded up the cover letter's extinction.”可知，伊薇特·李认为就业市场加速了求职信的消亡。
4．What is the author's purpose in writing this passage
A.To argue for the importance of cover letters.
B.To discuss the future of job applications.
C.To analyze the reasons for the decline of cover letters.
D.To provide advice on writing cover letters.
解析：写作意图题。文章介绍了求职信重要性有所下降并分析了原因，如人工智能的广泛引入、在线求职平台的普遍使用以及就业市场的情况等。
√
For decades, the cover letter 1. ________________________ (consider) a requisite part of any job application. In just one page, it can provide information about 2. ________applicant beyond the resume's brief, and 3. ________might highlight a specific passion or specialized skills that could launch a job candidate to the top of the short list of applications 4. ________ (pull) for an interview.
has been considered
an
it
pulled
But the cover letter's 5. ________________ (significant) appears to be decreasing both inside and outside of education. The widespread introduction of artificial intelligence, and the near-universal use of online job submission platforms—all of 6. ________ have had an impact on the way recruiters evaluate job applications. Does this mean that job seekers can give up 7. ________ (write) a cover letter to submit with their application in this coming recruitment season
significance
which
writing
However, it's not that straightforward. Whether or not 8. __________ (submit) a cover letter appears to depend on a lot of 9. ________ (factor)—from the job you're applying 10.________, to the application process, to whom you ask.
to submit
factors
for
A
(2024·河南部分市质检) Waterways are important for every country around the world. They provide not only water for everyday use but also routes for transport. However, due to industrial activity, many of them are now polluted.
Dakota Perry from the US has experienced water pollution first-hand. The 15-year-old high school girl told Alabama Local News that she spends a lot of time going on boat rides with her dad on the river behind their house. However, the river has become littered with plastic bags, bottles and cups. Perry wanted to clean up the water so she could continue to enjoy the river. So, with the help of her father, she designed a system to collect and remove rubbish in waterways.
In May, Perry put forward her solution at the Regeneron International Science and Engineering Fair held in Georgia, US, and received a Judge's Award from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration for her project.
According to the Science News for Students website, her system was inspired by the Dutch Great Bubble Barrier in Amsterdam, which creates a flow of bubbles that trap waste and directs it to a catchment system. But Perry tried to challenge herself and make her system more environment-friendly. She planned to create a curtain of bubbles that stretched the river diagonally (对角地). The curtain would stop the floating rubbish and then push it toward the shore. Once there, a conveyor run by a solar-powered battery would carry the waste to a dustbin.
In her backyard pool, Perry used an air compressor (压缩机) to send air through a pipe full of holes to create a stream of bubbles. She experimented with different amounts of pressure to make sure there would be enough bubbles to form a full curtain. “For the bubble system to actually work and collect rubbish，” she explained to Science News for Students, “I have to know how much pressure the air compressor is supposed to push out.”
After she tested her system for collecting rubbish, Perry found that it worked better than expected. Next, she plans to work out how to use the power of the river to run the air compressor.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了高中生达科塔·佩里设计的垃圾收集系统。
1．What motivated Perry to design a rubbish-collecting system
A.Her father's encouragement.
B.Her desire to protect a nearby river.
C.A visit to a science and engineering fair.
D.An invention of a Dutch high school student.
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Perry wanted to clean up...rubbish in waterways.”可知，保护附近河流的愿望促使佩里设计了一个垃圾收集系统。
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2．What can we know about the rubbish-collecting system
A.It was designed by Perry alone.
B.It makes power to run the air compressor.
C.It collects solar energy to remove rubbish.
D.It creates a bubble curtain to block rubbish.
解析：细节理解题。根据第四段中的“her system was inspired...directs it to a catchment system”可知，垃圾收集系统通过产生一个气泡幕来阻挡垃圾。
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3．What is paragraph 5 mainly about
A.Advantages of the system.
B.The way of testing the system.
C.The improvement on the system.
D.Challenges in the design process.
解析：段落大意题。通读第五段内容可知，本段介绍了佩里测试系统的方式。
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4．What kind of person is Perry
A.Efficient and ambitious.
B.Helpful and hardworking.
C.Responsible and creative.
D.Professional and adventurous.
解析：推理判断题。通读全文可知，佩里为保护河流发明设计了垃圾收集系统，由此可推知，佩里既有责任心又有创造力。
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B
(2024·长沙一模)Most birds, in particular, exhibit some
degree of patterns and colours. Australia's zebra
finch (斑胸草雀), for example, was so named because of the zebra-like black and white bars on its tail. But it also has many other colours and patterns, from a bright orange bill to fine white spots along its reddish-brown sides. It's not uncommon to spot the bird in the drier parts of Australia.
We tend to suppose all individuals of that species have their spots and bars in the same places. Look closer yet we'll see that the quantity and design of these patterns vary between individuals. And somehow a bird exhibits a more obvious feather variation. Occasionally, we see one that has larger than usual pale areas of feathers or, more rarely, has lost its normal patterning altogether.
Colouration and patterning in all animals are caused by a range of pigments (色素). Melanin (黑色素) is responsible for blacks and browns, and a lack of this pigment can cause a partial or total loss of an individual's dark patterning. The two main terms that describe these abnormalities are albinism and leucism. Both conditions are genetic and both can lead to a very similar physical appearance. Leucism, however, causes a lack of the pigment cells that produce melanin. But albinism causes the production of melanin to be reduced or absent.
Can we distinguish between the two conditions without the help of a cellular biologist Yes. Albino animals have fully unpigmented red eyes. Leucistic animals, on the other hand, never completely lose pigment from the eye, although they can have blue eyes due to a partial loss of pigment.
Why don't we see more albino or leucistic birds Because the lack of melanin reduces the strength and lastingness of the affected birds' feathers, making them more easily broken. Additionally, the birds' vision and hearing are negatively affected, making them less able to hunt. The brighter feathers and lack of patterning also make them easier for attackers to see.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了澳大利亚斑胸草雀的颜色和图案，以及色素缺失对鸟类的影响。
5．What can we learn about Australia's zebra finch
A.It is one of the rarest birds in Australia.
B.It is mostly covered with bright orange feathers.
C.It acquires its name from its tail colours and patterns.
D.It has the same spots and bars in the same places.
解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Australia's zebra finch, for example, was so named because of the zebra like black and white bars on its tail.”可知，斑胸草雀因其尾部的颜色和图案而得名。
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6．How is the third paragraph developed
A.By giving explanations.
B.By presenting opinions.
C.By setting assumptions.
D.By drawing conclusions.
解析：推理判断题。根据第三段内容可知，第三段主要解释了色素对动物颜色和图案的影响，以及白化病和白变的区别。因此，这一段是通过给出解释来发展的。
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7．What can a lack of melanin lead to
A.Total loss of patterns.
B.Genetically-born abnormalities.
C.Darkened feathers.
D.Abnormal formation of wings.
解析：推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Melanin is responsible for blacks and browns...can lead to a very similar physical appearance.”可知，黑色素缺乏会导致遗传异常。
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8．Which of the following correctly describes albino or leucistic birds
A.They have quite good hearing.
B.They have completely red eyes.
C.They have excellent hunting skills.
D.They have easily broken feathers.
解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“Because the lack of melanin...making them more easily broken.”可知，白变或白化症的鸟类的羽毛更容易断裂。
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C
(2024·广州三模)Do you know cultivated meat Typically,
making this sort of meat starts with cells from domestic
animals. The cells are grown in bioreactors full of nutrient-rich liquid, and then harvested, and eventually become products such as steak or chicken. In a homely kitchen of a startup, a slice of such meat was fried and then served with peppers. The first mouthful of it was extraordinary because the meat was grown in a lab, rather than on an animal. Meanwhile, it was also dull, because the texture, taste, look and smell of the meat were almost identical to those of chicken.
In June, two companies won regulatory approval to sell cultivated meat in America. A handful of other firms are trying to bring cultivated meat to market. But the hope is fading owing to continued high costs and troubles with mass production.
The UN reports meat and dairy production already accounts for 12% of humanity's greenhouse-gas emissions. Demand for meat is skyrocketing among the growing middle classes of Africa and Asia. Lab－grown meat could help meet that demand without the world breaking its carbon budget. By contrast, two-fifths of Americans claim to restrict their meat consumption either for ethical (伦理的) reasons or environmental ones. Lab－grown meat may seem less ethically worrisome than eating animals. And the early success of plant－based meat alternatives gave investors hope. One such firm went public in 2019, and saw its value shoot to $14 billion.
Though lab-grown meat offers an alternative to farm－grown meat, questions have been raised about how climate-friendly it can be. A study published earlier this year found that in some circumstances cultivated meat could be more polluting than the conventional stuff because the bioreactor is in great need of power to control its temperature. Consequently, only if renewable energy is used in the production process will cultivated meat cut the carbon footprint of the meat industry.
Whether this effort can make lab－grown meat attractive and cheap enough to attract consumers remains to be seen.
【解题导语】 本文一篇说明文。文章介绍了人造肉的特征以及巨大的消费市场，但与此同时，人造肉也可能对环境造成一定的负面影响。
9．What does the author focus on in paragraph 1
A.Characteristics of cultivated meat.
B.Health benefits of cultivated meat.
C.Cooking methods of cultivated meat.
D.Similarities of cultivated meat to animal meat.
解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的“The cells are grown in bioreactors...look and smell of the meat were almost identical to those of chicken.”可知，在第一段中，作者关注的是人造肉的特征。
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10．What can we infer from paragraph 3
A.Most Americans tend to skip meat.
B.Asians prefer lab-grown meat.
C.Plant－based meat companies are facing financial collapse.
D.Cultivated meat may have a growing market.
解析：推理判断题。根据第三段中的“And the early success... and saw its value shoot to $14 billion.”可推知，人造肉可能有不断增长的消费市场。
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11．How can the lab-grown meat industry probably pollute the environment
A.Demand for a good climate.
B.Occupy more land.
C.Cause more greenhouse-gas emissions.
D.Use conventional bioreactors.
解析：推理判断题。根据第四段中的“A study published...cut the carbon footprint of the meat industry.”可推知，人造肉产业可能会排放更多的温室气体，从而破坏环境。
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12．What's the author's attitude to lab-grown meat
A.Opposed. B．Favorable.
C.Uncaring. D．Reserved.
解析：观点态度题。根据最后一段内容可推知，作者对人造肉持保守态度。
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高考必 备词汇 [外刊]highlight v. 突出；强调 passion n. 激情 specialized adj. 专用的；专门的 candidate n. 申请人；候选人 significance n. 重要性 speed up加速 extinction n. 灭亡 [A篇]route n. 路线 be/become littered with 遍布…… put forward 提出 stretch v. 拉长；伸展 work out 解决；计算
高考必 备词汇 [B篇]in particular特别；尤其 tail n. 尾巴 individual n. 个体；个人 variation n. 变化；变更；变种 pale adj. 灰白的 a range of 一系列 distinguish v. 区分；辨别 affected adj. 受到影响的
[C篇]harvest v. 收获；采集 a slice of 一片(份)…… extraordinary adj. 不平常的；不一般的 identical adj. 相同的 account for占比 by contrast相比之下 go public公之于世；公开 in some circumstances在某些情况下 conventional adj. 传统的
四六级 桥梁 词汇 [外刊]requisite adj. 必需的；必备的 resume n. 简历 streamline v. 精简使效率更高 internship n. 实习期 acquisition n. 获得；得到 prompt n. 提示 undergraduate n. 大学本科生 [A篇]bubble n. 气泡 catchment n. 流域；集水 conveyor n. 运送者；传达者
四六级 桥梁 词汇 [B篇]patterning n. 排列；造型 colouration n. 自然色彩，自然花纹 partial adj. 部分的 genetic adj. 基因的
[C篇]cultivated adj. 培植的 bioreactor n. 生物反应器 homely adj. 简朴的 startup n. 新兴公司 texture n. 质地 regulatory adj. 监管的 fade v. 逐渐消失 humanity n. 人；人类 skyrocket v. 飞涨 worrisome adj. 令人担忧的 renewable adj. 可再生的；可恢复的 footprint n. 足迹
合成词、 派生词 [外刊]application n. 申请书 near-universal adj. 几乎所有的 straightforward adj. 简单的 plentiful adj. 大量的；充足的 entry-level adj. 入门的；初级的 centralized adj. 集中的 [A篇]first-hand adj. 第一手的；直接的 environment-friendly adj. 环境友好的 solar-powered adj. 太阳能的
合成词、 派生词 [B篇]zebra-like adj. 似斑马的 reddish-brown adj. 红棕色的 occasionally adv. 偶尔；有时候 abnormality n. 不正常；反常 lastingness n. 持久性 attacker n. 攻击者；袭击者
[C篇]typically adv. 通常 nutrient-rich adj. 营养丰富的 climate-friendly adj. 对气候友好的；环保的 consequently adv. 因此；所以
熟词 生义 [外刊]brief (熟义) adj. 简单的 (文章义) n. 概要；摘要 pull (熟义) v. 拉 (文章义) v. 选出；挑出 associate (熟义) v. 联系 (文章义) adj. 副的 [A篇]run (熟义) v. 跑 (文章义) v. 运行；操作 stream (熟义) n. 小溪 (文章义) n. 一连串
[B篇]bill (熟义) n．账单 (文章义) n. 鸟嘴 fine (熟义) adj. 好的 (文章义) adj. 细小的 [C篇]domestic (熟义) adj. 国内的 (文章义) adj. 驯养的 shoot (熟义) v. 射击 (文章义) v. 猛增；急升
长难句 分析 [外刊]In just one page, it can provide information about an applicant beyond the resume's brief, and it might highlight a specific passion or specialized skills that could launch a job candidate to the top of the short list of applications pulled for an interview.
[分析] 本句是and连接的并列复合句。在前一分句中，beyond the resume's brief是介词短语作后置定语，修饰information；在后一分句中，that引导定语从句，修饰先行词passion or specialized skills；pulled for an interview是过去分词短语作后置定语。
长难句 分析 [译文] 在短短一页纸中，它(求职信)可以提供简历上的简介之外的关于求职者的信息，并且可能突出特定的热情或专业技能，这些能够使求职者在为面试而挑选出的申请短名单中脱颖而出。
长难句 分析 [C篇]A study published earlier this year found that in some circumstances cultivated meat could be more polluting than the conventional stuff because the bioreactor is in great need of power to control its temperature.
[分析] 本句是复合句。句中过去分词短语“published earlier...”作后置定语，修饰A study；that引导宾语从句，其中含有because引导的原因状语从句。动词不定式短语to control its temperature作目的状语。
长难句 分析 [译文] 今年早些时候发表的一项研究发现，在某些情况下，人造肉可能比传统肉类更具污染性，因为生物反应器非常需要能量来控制其温度。