2026版《决胜蓝图》专题一 题型篇 3 题型突破三 提纲挈领的主旨大意题——整合主旨和大意，概括梳理（课件）英语高考大二轮专题复习
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| 名称 | 2026版《决胜蓝图》专题一 题型篇 3 题型突破三 提纲挈领的主旨大意题——整合主旨和大意，概括梳理（课件）英语高考大二轮专题复习 |
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| 资源类型 | 试卷 | ||
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| 更新时间 | 2026-03-19 00:00:00 | ||
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题型突破三 提纲挈领的主旨大意题——整合主旨和大意，概括梳理
主旨大意题旨在考查考生在正确获取文本信息的基础上，归纳、概括、推理并总结出文章主旨的能力。这需要考生评估并辨别信息，从而更好地把握文章的主题和中心思想。
主旨大意题所占比重虽不大，但难度较大，易失分。考查形式有3种：标题归纳题、文章大意题和段落大意题。
1．正确选项
(1)概括性强；(2)范围适当；(3)包含核心话题表达。
2．干扰选项
(1)过度概括：用过于抽象的语言或概念归纳整体问题；
(2)范围过大：归纳概括过于宽泛，超出原文；
(3)以偏概全：只阐述局部信息或主旨的一部分；
(4)断章取义：以次要的事实、细节替代文章的主要观点；
(5)无中生有：与文章内容毫不相干或与文章内容相悖。
标题归纳题
[常见设问方式]
1．Which is the best title for the passage
2．What can be a suitable title for the passage
3．Which of the following can be the best/most suitable title for the passage
[解题技巧]
1．标题特点
(1)标题必含关键词：反复出现的词、短语和语块，以及反复强调的观点均为主旨关键词；
(2)标题对等主旨句：标题是精练版的主旨句，包含文章中心，范围恰当；
(3)标题必含要素：语篇的写作对象及其最主要的特点、意义或影响；
(4)标题与文体一致：标题和语篇文体保持一致，记叙文的标题新颖有趣，有时候以谚语的形式出现或者包含文章中有象征意义的物品；说明文及议论文的标题往往基于事实，准确且精练。
2．逆向检查法助力得分
(1)以标题为出发点，逆向构思文章结构和内容；
(2)然后检查是否和原文一致；
(3)如果一致，则是最佳标题。
文章大意题
[常见设问方式]
1．What is the main theme/topic/idea of this/the passage
2．What does the passage mainly focus on
3．What does the passage mainly talk about
4．What does the story mainly tell us
[解题技巧]
1．利用主题句：转折词but、yet、however、although、by contrast、on the contrary等之后的内容往往是文章主题句；
2．串联段落主题句：段落主题句往往位于段首或者段末；
3．借助关键词：语篇中高频率复现的关键词，结合其特征、意义或影响构成主题句；
4．最后观点为主题句：文章中出现两种或两种以上的不同观点，最后的观点往往为主题句。
段落大意题
[常见设问方式]
1．What is the main idea of the first/last/...paragraph
2．What does the author tell us in paragraph...
3．What is the first/last/...paragraph mainly about
[解题技巧]
1．段落主题句即段落大意
一般情况下，段落主题句位于段首，也可能位于段中或者段尾。
(1)位于段首。大部分段落的首句即为主题句，后面的扩展句围绕主题句并通过举例或论证的方式，对其加以说明、支持、补充和解释。
(2)位于段中。位于段中的主题句通常起承上启下的作用，这类主题句多和前面的事例有转折关系，一般由but、however、yet、anyhow、nevertheless等语篇标识词引起。
(3)位于段尾。段落开头举例或者进行递进式的论述，主题句位于段尾便于总结全段的内容，给读者以深刻的印象，并会出现总结性的语篇标识词，如 in summary、in a word、as a result、in conclusion等。
2．概括法归纳段落大意
反复出现的高频词汇或表达，往往是关键信息。通过段落内容概括出关键信息，并将关键信息和段落的中心进行比对。如果一致，即可确定段落大意。
01
高考群文阅读
(2024·全国甲卷阅读B)Animals can express their needs using a lot of ways. For instance, almost all animals have distinct vocals (声音) that they rely on to either ask for help, scare away any dangerous animals or look for shelter. But cats are special creatures who possess amazing vocalization skills. They are able to have entire conversations with humans using meows and you're able to interpret it. If a pet cat is hungry, it will keep meowing to attract attention and find food. However, when a cat is looking for affection, they tend to produce stretched and soft meows. Meowing starts as soon as a baby cat is brought to life and uses it to get the mother's attention and be fed.
Cats have many heightened senses, but their sense of smell is quite impressive. They use their noses to assess their environment and look out for any signs of danger. They will sniff out specific areas before they choose a place to relax. However, another way the cats are able to distinguish between situations is by looking for familiar smells. Your cat will likely smell your face and store the smell in its memory and use it to recognize you in the future. That's why most pet cats are able to tell immediately if their owners were around any other cats, which they don't usually like.
Dogs are known for their impressive fetching habit, but cats take__this__behavior__up__a__notch. Many cats will find random objects outside and bring them to their owners. This is a very old habit that's been present in all kinds of predators (食肉动物). Cats bring gifts for their owners to show they love you. These adorable little hunters are just doing something that it's been in their nature since the beginning of time. So just go along with it!
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了猫的一些生活习性。
24．What can be learned about cats' meowing from the first paragraph
A.It's a survival skill.
B.It's taught by mother cats.
C.It's hard to interpret.
D.It's getting louder with age.
√
解析：推理判断题。根据第一段中的“If a pet cat is hungry，it will keep meowing to attract attention and find food.”和“Meowing starts as soon as a baby cat...be fed.”可知，猫通过喵喵叫以吸引注意力并获得食物。由此可推知，喵喵叫是猫的生存技能。
25．How does a pet cat assess different situations
A.By listening for sounds.
B.By touching familiar objects.
C.By checking on smells.
D.By communicating with other cats.
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“They use their noses to assess...looking for familiar smells.”可知，猫会通过检查气味来评估不同的环境。
√
26. Which best explains the phrase “take...up a notch” in paragraph 3
A.Perform appropriately.
B.Move faster.
C.Act strangely.
D.Do better.
解析：词义猜测题。画线短语前提到狗以其取物习惯而闻名，下文介绍了猫会把在外面找到的物品带到主人身边以表达它们的爱意，故画线短语表明猫将这种行为提升了一个档次，它们在取物方面做得更好。
√
27．What is a suitable title for the text
A.Tips on Finding a Smart Cat
B.Understanding Your Cat's Behavior
C.Have Fun with Your Cat
D.How to Keep Your Cat Healthy
解析：标题归纳题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了猫的一些生活习性。B项最适合作文章标题。
√
(2023·全国乙卷阅读D)If you want to tell the history of the whole world, a history that does not privilege one part of humanity, you cannot do it through texts alone, because only some of the world has ever had texts, while most of the world, for most of the time, has not. Writing is one of humanity's later achievements, and until fairly recently even many literate (有文字的) societies recorded their concerns not only in writing but in things.
Ideally a history would bring together texts and objects, and some chapters of this book are able to do just that, but in many cases we simply can't. The clearest example of this between literate and non literate history is perhaps the first conflict, at Botany Bay, between Captain Cook's voyage and the Australian Aboriginals. From the English side, we have scientific reports and the captain's record of that terrible day. From the Australian side, we have only a wooden shield (盾) dropped by a man in flight after his first experience of gunshot. If we want to reconstruct what was actually going on that day, the shield must be questioned and interpreted as deeply and strictly as the written reports.
In addition to the problem of miscomprehension from both sides, there are victories accidentally or deliberately twisted, especially when only the victors know how to write. Those who are on the losing side often have only their things to tell their stories. The Caribbean Taino, the Australian Aboriginals, the African people of Benin and the Incas, all of whom appear in this book, can speak to us now of their past achievements most powerfully through the objects they made: a history
told through things gives them back a voice. When we consider contact (联系) between literate and non-literate societies such as these, all our first-hand accounts are necessarily twisted, only one half of a dialogue. If we are to find the other half of that conversation, we have to read not just the texts, but the objects.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了对于历史事件的考证不能仅凭文字记录，也要注重文字记录和实物相互印证，从而重现真实的历史。
32．What is the first paragraph mainly about
A.How past events should be presented.
B.What humanity is concerned about.
C.Whether facts speak louder than words.
D.Why written language is reliable.
解析：段落大意题。通读第一段内容可知，第一段说明了过去的历史事件不能仅靠文字，应将文字和实物结合来呈现。
√
33．What does the author indicate by mentioning Captain Cook in paragraph 2
A.His report was scientific.
B.He represented the local people.
C.He ruled over Botany Bay.
D.His record was one-sided.
√
解析：推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Ideally a history would bring...many cases we simply can't.”及“If we want to reconstruct...as deeply and strictly as the written reports.”可推知，库克船长的记录是片面的。
34．What does the underlined word “conversation” in paragraph 3 refer to
A.Problem. B．History.
C.Voice. D．Society.
解析：词义猜测题。根据第三段中的“a history told through things gives them back a voice”及“all our first-hand accounts...but the objects”可推知，conversation指的是“历史”。
√
35．Which of the following books is the text most likely selected from
A.How Maps Tell Stories of the World
B.A Short History of Australia
C.A History of the World in 100 Objects
D.How Art Works Tell Stories
解析：文章出处题。通读全文可知，本文强调了历史实物考证的重要性，因此，本文最有可能摘自《100件实物中的世界历史》这本书。
√
高考必 备词汇 [Text 1]distinct adj. 独特的 scare away 吓跑 shelter n. 住处；庇护处 interpret v. 诠释；领会 look out for当心；小心 distinguish v. 区别 go along with顺应；接受
[Text 2]privilege v. 给予特权，优待，偏袒 humanity n. 人类 record v. 记录 chapter n. 篇，章 conflict n. 冲突，分歧 victory n. 胜利 scientific adj. 科学的，与科学有关的 powerfully adv. 强烈地，强有力地 necessarily adv. 必定，必然
四六级桥 梁词汇 [Text 1]vocalization n. 发声 affection n. 关爱 heightened adj. 敏锐的 sniff v. 嗅；闻 fetching adj. 吸引人的
[Text 2]ideally adv. 理想地 accidentally adv. 意外地；偶然地 deliberately adv. 故意地
合成词、 派生词 [Text 1]adorable adj. 可爱的 [Text 2]non-literate adj. 非文字的 gunshot n. 射击 reconstruct v. 重建
miscomprehension n. 误会 one-sided adj. 片面的，单方面的
熟词 生义 [Text 1]nature (熟义) n. 自然 (文章义) n. 天性；本能
长难句 分析 [Text 1]That's why most pet cats are able to tell immediately if their owners were around any other cats, which they don't usually like.
[分析] 本句是复合句。句中why引导表语从句；if引导宾语从句；which引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词any other cats。
[译文] 这就是为什么大多数宠物猫能够立即分辨出它们的主人是否接触过其他猫，而它们通常都不喜欢其他猫。
02
当堂即练 精准提升
Ⅰ.挑战地道外刊
题源：https：//www.staily.com
Typically, the “Yingshanhong” flower, commonly known
as azalea (杜鹃花), planted in the Jinggangshan region
of Jiangxi Province, blooms in early spring between February and March, with a flowering period lasting just over a month. But with sun scorching (炽热的) in July, you can still see the azalea in full bloom thanks to a scientific research team at Jinggangshan University (JGSU). The researchers have spent over 10 years developing a technology that allows azaleas to bloom throughout the year.
In 2011, Hu Xuehua, a senior experimentalist at JGSU, led his team with the dream of “making azalea bloom in winter and summer”. The first challenge was to identify all the factors affecting the flowering decision. Azaleas prefer a cool environment, entering a dormant state when temperatures rise above 30℃.Under natural conditions, azaleas break dormancy through exposure to low winter temperatures.
The team initially tried using cold storage facilities to simulate winter conditions. However, they could only advance the flowering period by about a month.
“It's still too short a time，” Hu told Science and Technology Daily. After extensive exploration, the team discovered that azaleas are very light-sensitive. Excessive sunlight can cause the flowers to burn or die. This led Hu to propose a new idea: “Can we change the time the flowers bloom by controlling the time of light？”
In JGSU's biological park flower control room, rows of plant-filling lights hang inside. “By adjusting the number of lights on, changing the height of the light source and other methods, we make the light intensity change at different times of the day, so that azalea mistakenly thinks that time flows and day and night alternate，” Hu said.
Another significant experiment involved using growth regulators. “After several years of testing, we created a new growth regulator formula for azalea. One to two months before the flowering period, we estimate the flowering period based on the maturity of the buds and decide whether to speed up or delay the flowering，” said senior experimenter Li Xiaohong at JGSU.
Additionally, the team used environmental control measures such as temperature adjustment and plant pruning (修剪) to precisely regulate the flowering period. In October 2018, they finally found the best formula combining light, temperature, regulator concentration, and physiological and biochemical factors.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。井冈山大学科研团队用十多年时间进行实验并最终研发出了让杜鹃花可全年绽放的调控技术。
1．What does the underlined word “dormant” mean in paragraph 2
A.Inactive. B．Uninterested.
C.Indifferent. D．Impatient.
解析：词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句的前半句可知，杜鹃花喜欢凉爽的环境，由此可推知，此处指杜鹃花在温度上升到 30 摄氏度以上时就会进入休眠或不活跃状态。
√
2．What is one of the methods the research team used to make azaleas bloom throughout the year
A.Using hot storage facilities. B.Applying growth regulators.
C.Increasing sunlight exposure. D.Changing the soil type.
解析：细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“Another significant experiment involved using growth regulators.”可知，使用生长调节剂是其中一个方法。
√
3．What can we infer from the passage
A.The research team completed their work in a short time.
B.Making azaleas bloom throughout the year is an easy task.
C.The research team faced many challenges in their work.
D.Only one method was used to achieve the goal.
解析：推理判断题。通读全文可知，文中提到研究团队花费了十多年的时间，尝试了多种方法，如使用冷藏设施、控制光照、使用生长调节剂、环境控制措施等才实现了让杜鹃花四季常开的目标，由此可推知，他们在工作中面临许多挑战。
√
4．Which of the following is the best title for the passage
A.The Beauty of Azaleas
B.The Efforts to Make Azaleas Bloom Year-Round
C.The Challenges of Growing Azaleas
D.Azaleas: A Popular Flower
解析：标题归纳题。通读全文可知，文章讲述了井冈山大学的一个科研团队花费十多年的时间，通过多种方法使杜鹃花实现全年开花的故事。因此，B项最适合作文章标题。
√
In 2011, Hu Xuehua, a senior experimentalist at JGSU, led his team with the dream of “making azalea bloom in winter and summer”. The first _____________was to identify all the factors __________ the flowering decision. Azaleas __________ a cool environment, entering a dormant state when temperatures rise above 30℃. Under natural conditions, azaleas break dormancy through __________to low winter temperatures.
D．challenge
C.affecting
B．prefer
A.exposure
The team initially tried using cold storage facilities to __________ winter conditions. However, they could only __________ the flowering period by about a month.
“It's still too short a time，” Hu told Science and Technology Daily. After extensive _____________， the team discovered that azaleas are very light-sensitive. Excessive sunlight can cause the flowers to burn or die. This led Hu to __________ a new idea: “Can we change the time the flowers bloom by controlling the time of light？”
D．simulate
C.advance
B．exploration
A.propose
In JGSU's biological park flower control room, rows of plant-filling lights hang inside. “By ____________ the number of lights on, changing the height of the light source and other methods, we make the light intensity change at different times of the day, so that azalea ____________ thinks that time flows and day and night alternate，” Hu said.
D．adjusting
C.mistakenly
1．A.idea B．way
C.suggestion D．challenge
2．A.causing B．following
C.affecting D．forecasting
3．A.refer B．prefer
C.experience D．explore
4．A.exposure B．escape
C.entry D．approach
5．A.strengthen B．widen
C.formulate D．simulate
6．A.delay B．inspire
C.advance D．encourage
7．A.purchase B．exploration
C.expectation D．extension
8．A.propose B．draw
C.draft D．recite
9．A.increasing B．replacing
C.improving D．adjusting
10．A.precisely B．exactly
C.mistakenly D．especially
Ⅱ.模拟实战演练
(2024·江门二模)Clair Hughes first began to research
money－saving ideas to get out of her ￡3，500 student
overdraft (透支额). The shopper started surfing the Internet for discount coupons and cut price offers. Revealing how she seldom pays full price for an item, Ms Hughes says, “Discounts are always there; it's just a matter of being organized. Before starting this, I thought it'd be much work, but now I'm so used to this lifestyle that it's automatic to me. I must have easily saved over ￡15，000.”
Ms Hughes first focused on saving money back in 2010, when she moved in with her partner, Shane Byrne, a phone company trainer. After turning to the web for advice, she tried out a few clever money saving tricks like switching her overdraft to a zero－interest account. Then, several years later, she came across an online community for “couponers” and decided to give it a go.
She started spending hours surfing the web for coupons, printing them all out to take with her whenever she went shopping. Over the years, she has managed to get some impressive catches. Once, two lamps worth ￡140 cost her just ￡35.
Two years ago, Ms Hughes also began using cashback apps where you are given money back on items ranging from beers to toiletries. After each shop, she uploads pictures of her receipts, which are then scanned, and money is given back on certain items.
Among her other top money－saving tips, Ms Hughes recommends taking part in paid online surveys, which have earned her hundreds in discount coupons. She says, “I've heard a lot about collecting other people's abandoned receipts from shopping trolleys to check for missed discounts. I can't believe how much coupons and cashback apps have helped me. The community does benefit me a lot. There will always be someone on hand to explain how it works.”
【解题导语】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了克莱尔·休斯的省钱妙招。
1．What does saving money mean to Clair Hughes
A.It's part of her daily life.
B.It makes her shop less.
C.It's a way to leave school.
D.It keeps her work organized.
解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Before starting this...it's automatic to me.”可知，省钱已经成为她日常生活的一部分。
√
2．What can we know about Clair Hughes
A.She always asks Shane for suggestions.
B.She likes going shopping with her friends.
C.She has bought some goods in low prices.
D.She is good at discussing prices with others.
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Over the years, she has managed...just ￡35.”可知，她以低价购买了一些商品。
√
3．What does the last paragraph mainly show
A.Hughes' feelings of her life.
B.Hughes' ways to get coupons.
C.Hughes' appreciation for society.
D.Hughes' difficulties in saving money.
解析：段落大意题。根据最后一段中的“Among her other top money－saving tips...earned her hundreds in discount coupons.”可知，最后一段介绍了她获取优惠券的方法。
√
4．Which of the following can be the best title for the passage
A.A Graduate Enjoys Shopping
B.A Community Collects Coupons
C.A Woman Focuses on Saving Money
D.A Shopper Is Famous for Saving Money
解析：标题归纳题。通读全文可知，本文介绍了克莱尔·休斯的省钱妙招，C项适合作文章的最佳标题。
√
高考必 备词汇 [外刊]identify v. 确定 exposure n. 暴露；接触 initially adv. 最初；一开始 storage n. 存储 extensive adj. 大量的；广泛的 maturity n. 成熟 precisely adv. 准确地 [模拟]discount n. 打折；折扣 reveal v. 揭示 organized adj.有条理的；系统的 automatic adj. 自动的 try out尝试；试用 trick n. 技巧，窍门 come across遇见 community n. 社区 give it a go尝试 receipt n. 收据；发票 recommend v. 推荐；建议 on hand在场的；现有的
四六级桥 梁词汇 [外刊]bloom v. 开花 flowering n. 开花 simulate v. 模拟 excessive adj. 过度的 propose v. 提议；提出 intensity n. 强度 alternate v. 交替；轮流 bud n. 花蕾 [模拟]coupon n. 优惠券 toiletry n. 化妆品 trolley n. 小推车
合成词、 派生词 [外刊]typically adv. 通常 experimentalist n. 实验员 exploration n. 探索 light-sensitive adj. 光敏的 mistakenly adv. 错误地 regulator n. 调节剂 additionally adv. 此外 biochemical adj. 生物化学的 [模拟]money-saving adj. 省钱的 zero-interest adj. 零利息的 cashback n. 返现 abandoned adj. 抛弃的；遗弃的
熟词 生义 [外刊]advance (熟义) v. 前进；行进 (文章义) v. 增加 concentration (熟义)n. 专心 (文章义) n. 浓度
[模拟]catch (熟义) v. 抓住 (文章义) n. 收获
长难句 分析 [外刊]“By adjusting the number of lights on, changing the height of the light source and other methods, we make the light intensity change at different times of the day, so that azalea mistakenly thinks that time flows and day and night alternate，” Hu said.
[分析] 本句是复合句。句中介词短语“By adjusting...methods”作方式状语；so that引导结果状语从句，其中“that time...alternate”为宾语从句。
长难句 分析 [译文] 胡雪华说：“我们通过调整打开的灯的数量、改变光源的高度及其他方法，让光照强度在每日不同的时刻发生变化，这样杜鹃花就会误以为时间在流逝，日夜在交替。”
长难句 分析 [模拟]Before starting this, I thought it'd be much work, but now I'm so used to this lifestyle that it's automatic to me.
[分析] 本句是并列复合句。在but前的分句中含有省略连词的宾语从句“it'd be much work”；在后一分句中含有that引导的结果状语从句。
[译文] 在开始之前，我以为会有许多工作，但现在我已经习惯了这种生活方式，它对我来说已经是一件自然而然的事情了。
题型突破三 提纲挈领的主旨大意题——整合主旨和大意，概括梳理
主旨大意题旨在考查考生在正确获取文本信息的基础上，归纳、概括、推理并总结出文章主旨的能力。这需要考生评估并辨别信息，从而更好地把握文章的主题和中心思想。
主旨大意题所占比重虽不大，但难度较大，易失分。考查形式有3种：标题归纳题、文章大意题和段落大意题。
1．正确选项
(1)概括性强；(2)范围适当；(3)包含核心话题表达。
2．干扰选项
(1)过度概括：用过于抽象的语言或概念归纳整体问题；
(2)范围过大：归纳概括过于宽泛，超出原文；
(3)以偏概全：只阐述局部信息或主旨的一部分；
(4)断章取义：以次要的事实、细节替代文章的主要观点；
(5)无中生有：与文章内容毫不相干或与文章内容相悖。
标题归纳题
[常见设问方式]
1．Which is the best title for the passage
2．What can be a suitable title for the passage
3．Which of the following can be the best/most suitable title for the passage
[解题技巧]
1．标题特点
(1)标题必含关键词：反复出现的词、短语和语块，以及反复强调的观点均为主旨关键词；
(2)标题对等主旨句：标题是精练版的主旨句，包含文章中心，范围恰当；
(3)标题必含要素：语篇的写作对象及其最主要的特点、意义或影响；
(4)标题与文体一致：标题和语篇文体保持一致，记叙文的标题新颖有趣，有时候以谚语的形式出现或者包含文章中有象征意义的物品；说明文及议论文的标题往往基于事实，准确且精练。
2．逆向检查法助力得分
(1)以标题为出发点，逆向构思文章结构和内容；
(2)然后检查是否和原文一致；
(3)如果一致，则是最佳标题。
文章大意题
[常见设问方式]
1．What is the main theme/topic/idea of this/the passage
2．What does the passage mainly focus on
3．What does the passage mainly talk about
4．What does the story mainly tell us
[解题技巧]
1．利用主题句：转折词but、yet、however、although、by contrast、on the contrary等之后的内容往往是文章主题句；
2．串联段落主题句：段落主题句往往位于段首或者段末；
3．借助关键词：语篇中高频率复现的关键词，结合其特征、意义或影响构成主题句；
4．最后观点为主题句：文章中出现两种或两种以上的不同观点，最后的观点往往为主题句。
段落大意题
[常见设问方式]
1．What is the main idea of the first/last/...paragraph
2．What does the author tell us in paragraph...
3．What is the first/last/...paragraph mainly about
[解题技巧]
1．段落主题句即段落大意
一般情况下，段落主题句位于段首，也可能位于段中或者段尾。
(1)位于段首。大部分段落的首句即为主题句，后面的扩展句围绕主题句并通过举例或论证的方式，对其加以说明、支持、补充和解释。
(2)位于段中。位于段中的主题句通常起承上启下的作用，这类主题句多和前面的事例有转折关系，一般由but、however、yet、anyhow、nevertheless等语篇标识词引起。
(3)位于段尾。段落开头举例或者进行递进式的论述，主题句位于段尾便于总结全段的内容，给读者以深刻的印象，并会出现总结性的语篇标识词，如 in summary、in a word、as a result、in conclusion等。
2．概括法归纳段落大意
反复出现的高频词汇或表达，往往是关键信息。通过段落内容概括出关键信息，并将关键信息和段落的中心进行比对。如果一致，即可确定段落大意。
01
高考群文阅读
(2024·全国甲卷阅读B)Animals can express their needs using a lot of ways. For instance, almost all animals have distinct vocals (声音) that they rely on to either ask for help, scare away any dangerous animals or look for shelter. But cats are special creatures who possess amazing vocalization skills. They are able to have entire conversations with humans using meows and you're able to interpret it. If a pet cat is hungry, it will keep meowing to attract attention and find food. However, when a cat is looking for affection, they tend to produce stretched and soft meows. Meowing starts as soon as a baby cat is brought to life and uses it to get the mother's attention and be fed.
Cats have many heightened senses, but their sense of smell is quite impressive. They use their noses to assess their environment and look out for any signs of danger. They will sniff out specific areas before they choose a place to relax. However, another way the cats are able to distinguish between situations is by looking for familiar smells. Your cat will likely smell your face and store the smell in its memory and use it to recognize you in the future. That's why most pet cats are able to tell immediately if their owners were around any other cats, which they don't usually like.
Dogs are known for their impressive fetching habit, but cats take__this__behavior__up__a__notch. Many cats will find random objects outside and bring them to their owners. This is a very old habit that's been present in all kinds of predators (食肉动物). Cats bring gifts for their owners to show they love you. These adorable little hunters are just doing something that it's been in their nature since the beginning of time. So just go along with it!
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了猫的一些生活习性。
24．What can be learned about cats' meowing from the first paragraph
A.It's a survival skill.
B.It's taught by mother cats.
C.It's hard to interpret.
D.It's getting louder with age.
√
解析：推理判断题。根据第一段中的“If a pet cat is hungry，it will keep meowing to attract attention and find food.”和“Meowing starts as soon as a baby cat...be fed.”可知，猫通过喵喵叫以吸引注意力并获得食物。由此可推知，喵喵叫是猫的生存技能。
25．How does a pet cat assess different situations
A.By listening for sounds.
B.By touching familiar objects.
C.By checking on smells.
D.By communicating with other cats.
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“They use their noses to assess...looking for familiar smells.”可知，猫会通过检查气味来评估不同的环境。
√
26. Which best explains the phrase “take...up a notch” in paragraph 3
A.Perform appropriately.
B.Move faster.
C.Act strangely.
D.Do better.
解析：词义猜测题。画线短语前提到狗以其取物习惯而闻名，下文介绍了猫会把在外面找到的物品带到主人身边以表达它们的爱意，故画线短语表明猫将这种行为提升了一个档次，它们在取物方面做得更好。
√
27．What is a suitable title for the text
A.Tips on Finding a Smart Cat
B.Understanding Your Cat's Behavior
C.Have Fun with Your Cat
D.How to Keep Your Cat Healthy
解析：标题归纳题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了猫的一些生活习性。B项最适合作文章标题。
√
(2023·全国乙卷阅读D)If you want to tell the history of the whole world, a history that does not privilege one part of humanity, you cannot do it through texts alone, because only some of the world has ever had texts, while most of the world, for most of the time, has not. Writing is one of humanity's later achievements, and until fairly recently even many literate (有文字的) societies recorded their concerns not only in writing but in things.
Ideally a history would bring together texts and objects, and some chapters of this book are able to do just that, but in many cases we simply can't. The clearest example of this between literate and non literate history is perhaps the first conflict, at Botany Bay, between Captain Cook's voyage and the Australian Aboriginals. From the English side, we have scientific reports and the captain's record of that terrible day. From the Australian side, we have only a wooden shield (盾) dropped by a man in flight after his first experience of gunshot. If we want to reconstruct what was actually going on that day, the shield must be questioned and interpreted as deeply and strictly as the written reports.
In addition to the problem of miscomprehension from both sides, there are victories accidentally or deliberately twisted, especially when only the victors know how to write. Those who are on the losing side often have only their things to tell their stories. The Caribbean Taino, the Australian Aboriginals, the African people of Benin and the Incas, all of whom appear in this book, can speak to us now of their past achievements most powerfully through the objects they made: a history
told through things gives them back a voice. When we consider contact (联系) between literate and non-literate societies such as these, all our first-hand accounts are necessarily twisted, only one half of a dialogue. If we are to find the other half of that conversation, we have to read not just the texts, but the objects.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了对于历史事件的考证不能仅凭文字记录，也要注重文字记录和实物相互印证，从而重现真实的历史。
32．What is the first paragraph mainly about
A.How past events should be presented.
B.What humanity is concerned about.
C.Whether facts speak louder than words.
D.Why written language is reliable.
解析：段落大意题。通读第一段内容可知，第一段说明了过去的历史事件不能仅靠文字，应将文字和实物结合来呈现。
√
33．What does the author indicate by mentioning Captain Cook in paragraph 2
A.His report was scientific.
B.He represented the local people.
C.He ruled over Botany Bay.
D.His record was one-sided.
√
解析：推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Ideally a history would bring...many cases we simply can't.”及“If we want to reconstruct...as deeply and strictly as the written reports.”可推知，库克船长的记录是片面的。
34．What does the underlined word “conversation” in paragraph 3 refer to
A.Problem. B．History.
C.Voice. D．Society.
解析：词义猜测题。根据第三段中的“a history told through things gives them back a voice”及“all our first-hand accounts...but the objects”可推知，conversation指的是“历史”。
√
35．Which of the following books is the text most likely selected from
A.How Maps Tell Stories of the World
B.A Short History of Australia
C.A History of the World in 100 Objects
D.How Art Works Tell Stories
解析：文章出处题。通读全文可知，本文强调了历史实物考证的重要性，因此，本文最有可能摘自《100件实物中的世界历史》这本书。
√
高考必 备词汇 [Text 1]distinct adj. 独特的 scare away 吓跑 shelter n. 住处；庇护处 interpret v. 诠释；领会 look out for当心；小心 distinguish v. 区别 go along with顺应；接受
[Text 2]privilege v. 给予特权，优待，偏袒 humanity n. 人类 record v. 记录 chapter n. 篇，章 conflict n. 冲突，分歧 victory n. 胜利 scientific adj. 科学的，与科学有关的 powerfully adv. 强烈地，强有力地 necessarily adv. 必定，必然
四六级桥 梁词汇 [Text 1]vocalization n. 发声 affection n. 关爱 heightened adj. 敏锐的 sniff v. 嗅；闻 fetching adj. 吸引人的
[Text 2]ideally adv. 理想地 accidentally adv. 意外地；偶然地 deliberately adv. 故意地
合成词、 派生词 [Text 1]adorable adj. 可爱的 [Text 2]non-literate adj. 非文字的 gunshot n. 射击 reconstruct v. 重建
miscomprehension n. 误会 one-sided adj. 片面的，单方面的
熟词 生义 [Text 1]nature (熟义) n. 自然 (文章义) n. 天性；本能
长难句 分析 [Text 1]That's why most pet cats are able to tell immediately if their owners were around any other cats, which they don't usually like.
[分析] 本句是复合句。句中why引导表语从句；if引导宾语从句；which引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词any other cats。
[译文] 这就是为什么大多数宠物猫能够立即分辨出它们的主人是否接触过其他猫，而它们通常都不喜欢其他猫。
02
当堂即练 精准提升
Ⅰ.挑战地道外刊
题源：https：//www.staily.com
Typically, the “Yingshanhong” flower, commonly known
as azalea (杜鹃花), planted in the Jinggangshan region
of Jiangxi Province, blooms in early spring between February and March, with a flowering period lasting just over a month. But with sun scorching (炽热的) in July, you can still see the azalea in full bloom thanks to a scientific research team at Jinggangshan University (JGSU). The researchers have spent over 10 years developing a technology that allows azaleas to bloom throughout the year.
In 2011, Hu Xuehua, a senior experimentalist at JGSU, led his team with the dream of “making azalea bloom in winter and summer”. The first challenge was to identify all the factors affecting the flowering decision. Azaleas prefer a cool environment, entering a dormant state when temperatures rise above 30℃.Under natural conditions, azaleas break dormancy through exposure to low winter temperatures.
The team initially tried using cold storage facilities to simulate winter conditions. However, they could only advance the flowering period by about a month.
“It's still too short a time，” Hu told Science and Technology Daily. After extensive exploration, the team discovered that azaleas are very light-sensitive. Excessive sunlight can cause the flowers to burn or die. This led Hu to propose a new idea: “Can we change the time the flowers bloom by controlling the time of light？”
In JGSU's biological park flower control room, rows of plant-filling lights hang inside. “By adjusting the number of lights on, changing the height of the light source and other methods, we make the light intensity change at different times of the day, so that azalea mistakenly thinks that time flows and day and night alternate，” Hu said.
Another significant experiment involved using growth regulators. “After several years of testing, we created a new growth regulator formula for azalea. One to two months before the flowering period, we estimate the flowering period based on the maturity of the buds and decide whether to speed up or delay the flowering，” said senior experimenter Li Xiaohong at JGSU.
Additionally, the team used environmental control measures such as temperature adjustment and plant pruning (修剪) to precisely regulate the flowering period. In October 2018, they finally found the best formula combining light, temperature, regulator concentration, and physiological and biochemical factors.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。井冈山大学科研团队用十多年时间进行实验并最终研发出了让杜鹃花可全年绽放的调控技术。
1．What does the underlined word “dormant” mean in paragraph 2
A.Inactive. B．Uninterested.
C.Indifferent. D．Impatient.
解析：词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句的前半句可知，杜鹃花喜欢凉爽的环境，由此可推知，此处指杜鹃花在温度上升到 30 摄氏度以上时就会进入休眠或不活跃状态。
√
2．What is one of the methods the research team used to make azaleas bloom throughout the year
A.Using hot storage facilities. B.Applying growth regulators.
C.Increasing sunlight exposure. D.Changing the soil type.
解析：细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“Another significant experiment involved using growth regulators.”可知，使用生长调节剂是其中一个方法。
√
3．What can we infer from the passage
A.The research team completed their work in a short time.
B.Making azaleas bloom throughout the year is an easy task.
C.The research team faced many challenges in their work.
D.Only one method was used to achieve the goal.
解析：推理判断题。通读全文可知，文中提到研究团队花费了十多年的时间，尝试了多种方法，如使用冷藏设施、控制光照、使用生长调节剂、环境控制措施等才实现了让杜鹃花四季常开的目标，由此可推知，他们在工作中面临许多挑战。
√
4．Which of the following is the best title for the passage
A.The Beauty of Azaleas
B.The Efforts to Make Azaleas Bloom Year-Round
C.The Challenges of Growing Azaleas
D.Azaleas: A Popular Flower
解析：标题归纳题。通读全文可知，文章讲述了井冈山大学的一个科研团队花费十多年的时间，通过多种方法使杜鹃花实现全年开花的故事。因此，B项最适合作文章标题。
√
In 2011, Hu Xuehua, a senior experimentalist at JGSU, led his team with the dream of “making azalea bloom in winter and summer”. The first _____________was to identify all the factors __________ the flowering decision. Azaleas __________ a cool environment, entering a dormant state when temperatures rise above 30℃. Under natural conditions, azaleas break dormancy through __________to low winter temperatures.
D．challenge
C.affecting
B．prefer
A.exposure
The team initially tried using cold storage facilities to __________ winter conditions. However, they could only __________ the flowering period by about a month.
“It's still too short a time，” Hu told Science and Technology Daily. After extensive _____________， the team discovered that azaleas are very light-sensitive. Excessive sunlight can cause the flowers to burn or die. This led Hu to __________ a new idea: “Can we change the time the flowers bloom by controlling the time of light？”
D．simulate
C.advance
B．exploration
A.propose
In JGSU's biological park flower control room, rows of plant-filling lights hang inside. “By ____________ the number of lights on, changing the height of the light source and other methods, we make the light intensity change at different times of the day, so that azalea ____________ thinks that time flows and day and night alternate，” Hu said.
D．adjusting
C.mistakenly
1．A.idea B．way
C.suggestion D．challenge
2．A.causing B．following
C.affecting D．forecasting
3．A.refer B．prefer
C.experience D．explore
4．A.exposure B．escape
C.entry D．approach
5．A.strengthen B．widen
C.formulate D．simulate
6．A.delay B．inspire
C.advance D．encourage
7．A.purchase B．exploration
C.expectation D．extension
8．A.propose B．draw
C.draft D．recite
9．A.increasing B．replacing
C.improving D．adjusting
10．A.precisely B．exactly
C.mistakenly D．especially
Ⅱ.模拟实战演练
(2024·江门二模)Clair Hughes first began to research
money－saving ideas to get out of her ￡3，500 student
overdraft (透支额). The shopper started surfing the Internet for discount coupons and cut price offers. Revealing how she seldom pays full price for an item, Ms Hughes says, “Discounts are always there; it's just a matter of being organized. Before starting this, I thought it'd be much work, but now I'm so used to this lifestyle that it's automatic to me. I must have easily saved over ￡15，000.”
Ms Hughes first focused on saving money back in 2010, when she moved in with her partner, Shane Byrne, a phone company trainer. After turning to the web for advice, she tried out a few clever money saving tricks like switching her overdraft to a zero－interest account. Then, several years later, she came across an online community for “couponers” and decided to give it a go.
She started spending hours surfing the web for coupons, printing them all out to take with her whenever she went shopping. Over the years, she has managed to get some impressive catches. Once, two lamps worth ￡140 cost her just ￡35.
Two years ago, Ms Hughes also began using cashback apps where you are given money back on items ranging from beers to toiletries. After each shop, she uploads pictures of her receipts, which are then scanned, and money is given back on certain items.
Among her other top money－saving tips, Ms Hughes recommends taking part in paid online surveys, which have earned her hundreds in discount coupons. She says, “I've heard a lot about collecting other people's abandoned receipts from shopping trolleys to check for missed discounts. I can't believe how much coupons and cashback apps have helped me. The community does benefit me a lot. There will always be someone on hand to explain how it works.”
【解题导语】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了克莱尔·休斯的省钱妙招。
1．What does saving money mean to Clair Hughes
A.It's part of her daily life.
B.It makes her shop less.
C.It's a way to leave school.
D.It keeps her work organized.
解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Before starting this...it's automatic to me.”可知，省钱已经成为她日常生活的一部分。
√
2．What can we know about Clair Hughes
A.She always asks Shane for suggestions.
B.She likes going shopping with her friends.
C.She has bought some goods in low prices.
D.She is good at discussing prices with others.
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Over the years, she has managed...just ￡35.”可知，她以低价购买了一些商品。
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3．What does the last paragraph mainly show
A.Hughes' feelings of her life.
B.Hughes' ways to get coupons.
C.Hughes' appreciation for society.
D.Hughes' difficulties in saving money.
解析：段落大意题。根据最后一段中的“Among her other top money－saving tips...earned her hundreds in discount coupons.”可知，最后一段介绍了她获取优惠券的方法。
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4．Which of the following can be the best title for the passage
A.A Graduate Enjoys Shopping
B.A Community Collects Coupons
C.A Woman Focuses on Saving Money
D.A Shopper Is Famous for Saving Money
解析：标题归纳题。通读全文可知，本文介绍了克莱尔·休斯的省钱妙招，C项适合作文章的最佳标题。
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高考必 备词汇 [外刊]identify v. 确定 exposure n. 暴露；接触 initially adv. 最初；一开始 storage n. 存储 extensive adj. 大量的；广泛的 maturity n. 成熟 precisely adv. 准确地 [模拟]discount n. 打折；折扣 reveal v. 揭示 organized adj.有条理的；系统的 automatic adj. 自动的 try out尝试；试用 trick n. 技巧，窍门 come across遇见 community n. 社区 give it a go尝试 receipt n. 收据；发票 recommend v. 推荐；建议 on hand在场的；现有的
四六级桥 梁词汇 [外刊]bloom v. 开花 flowering n. 开花 simulate v. 模拟 excessive adj. 过度的 propose v. 提议；提出 intensity n. 强度 alternate v. 交替；轮流 bud n. 花蕾 [模拟]coupon n. 优惠券 toiletry n. 化妆品 trolley n. 小推车
合成词、 派生词 [外刊]typically adv. 通常 experimentalist n. 实验员 exploration n. 探索 light-sensitive adj. 光敏的 mistakenly adv. 错误地 regulator n. 调节剂 additionally adv. 此外 biochemical adj. 生物化学的 [模拟]money-saving adj. 省钱的 zero-interest adj. 零利息的 cashback n. 返现 abandoned adj. 抛弃的；遗弃的
熟词 生义 [外刊]advance (熟义) v. 前进；行进 (文章义) v. 增加 concentration (熟义)n. 专心 (文章义) n. 浓度
[模拟]catch (熟义) v. 抓住 (文章义) n. 收获
长难句 分析 [外刊]“By adjusting the number of lights on, changing the height of the light source and other methods, we make the light intensity change at different times of the day, so that azalea mistakenly thinks that time flows and day and night alternate，” Hu said.
[分析] 本句是复合句。句中介词短语“By adjusting...methods”作方式状语；so that引导结果状语从句，其中“that time...alternate”为宾语从句。
长难句 分析 [译文] 胡雪华说：“我们通过调整打开的灯的数量、改变光源的高度及其他方法，让光照强度在每日不同的时刻发生变化，这样杜鹃花就会误以为时间在流逝，日夜在交替。”
长难句 分析 [模拟]Before starting this, I thought it'd be much work, but now I'm so used to this lifestyle that it's automatic to me.
[分析] 本句是并列复合句。在but前的分句中含有省略连词的宾语从句“it'd be much work”；在后一分句中含有that引导的结果状语从句。
[译文] 在开始之前，我以为会有许多工作，但现在我已经习惯了这种生活方式，它对我来说已经是一件自然而然的事情了。